Roll No.

64
SAP ID: 500076620
UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM AND ENERGY STUDIES
Test, November 2020
Open Book – Through Blackboard Learning Management System

Course: Political Science III Course Code: CLNL- 2002

Programme: BALLB 2019 Semester: III

Time: 02 hrs. Max. Marks: 20

Instructions:
As this examination is in open-book format, the students are expected to demonstrate a very high degree of Academic Integrity
and not copy contents from resources referred. Instructors would look for understanding of the concept by the students and any
similarity found from resources online/ offline shall be penalized in terms of deduction of marks and even cancellation of paper
in requisite cases. The online examination committee of the School would also look for similarity of two answer scripts and if
answer scripts of two or more students are found similar, both the answer scripts shall be treated as copied and lead to
cancellation of the paper. In view of the aforesaid points, the students are warned that they should desist from using any unfair means.

Instructions:

S. No. Marks CO
1 Elucidate India's principal objections to NPT.
10 2
Ans.

2 Examine the salient features of India's nuclear doctrine.

10 1
Ans.

I, ………………Nainshree Joshi……………………………., understand that

submitting work that isn’t my own may result in failure in this paper and I may
also be subject to Disciplinary Proceedings as per the Academic Integrity
policy of the University.

A1) The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is a treaty to limit the proliferation of
nuclear weapons. The NPT was opened for signature in 1968 and it came into force
on 5 March 1970. Currently there are 189 states party to the treaty, five of which are
recognized as nuclear weapon states. It consists of a preamble and eleven articles
and is based on three pillars–non-proliferation, disarmament, and the right to
peacefully use nuclear technology.
 1. India says that the NPT policy is the discriminating.
2. NPT recognizes only those countries as nuclear states who were
having nuclear device before 1970. India conducted two nuclear tests
(1974 and 1998), if India signs the NPT it could be consider as non-
nuclear state or has to face the sanctions.
3. Presence of Pakistan and China who are India’s neighbour makes it
mandatory to keep nuclear weapons with them as both the countries
also have nuclear weapons with them and they are enemy country of
India and both of them are also good friend. If any of the country
attacks on India with nuclear weapons than India should also have
nuclear weapons with them to retaliate to them.
4. India ‘s nuclear policy is no first use which means India will never use
their nuclear weapons first to any other country, India will use their
weapons if any other country use their weapon on India and India has
shown to the world that they will use nuclear power for peaceful
purpose but by signing the NPT India will not be allowed to possess the
weapons.

A2) The Salient features of India’s Nuclear Doctrine are as follows:-

 Maintaining and constructing a credible minimum deterrent.
 A "No First Use" stance.
 Nuclear weapons to be used only "in requital against a nuclear attack on
Indian territory or on Indian forces anywhere".
 Nuclear retaliation or requital to a foremost strike are going to be "massive"
and designed to administer "unacceptable damage".
 Nuclear retaliatory or requital attacks to be empowered only by civilian
political leadership through the Nuclear Command Authority.
 Non use of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear weapon state.
 As a result of a major attack against India or Indian forces anywhere by
biological or chemical weapons.
 India will retain the option of retaliating with nuclear weapons.
 Running of strict control on export of nuclear and missile related materials and
technology, participation in the fissile material cut off treaty negotiations and
continued observance of the moratorium on nuclear tests.
 Continued commitment to the goal of a nuclear-free world through global
verifiable and no discriminatory nuclear disarmament