Class 4 - Air quality and global warming

 Composition of Atmosphere

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Composition of Atmosphere
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  % of different gases in the atmosphere?

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Air pollution may be defined as any atmospheric condition in which
certain substances are
present in sufficient quantities and duration to causeAir pollutants (Class) Example
Nitrogen Oxides NO, NO2, N2O

Air
pollution
harm.

Carbon Oxides CO, CO2

Sulfur Oxides SO2, SO3
Which ones are
greenhouse gases?
Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOCs) CH4, CFCs
Suspended particulate droplets (H2SO4, dioxins, and pesticides)
Solid particles (dust, asbestos, lead,), liquid
matter (SPM)
Photochemical
Oxidants O3, H2O2, Aldehydes Radioactive

Substances Iodine-131, Strontium-90, Plutonium-239MrL; Class 4 3

The Clean Air Act (CAA) of 1970 (USA) identified six common
 air pollutants of
concern, called criteria pollutants.  The criteria pollutants are:
 carbon monoxide,
 nitrogen dioxide,
 particulate matter, and
 sulfur dioxide.
Effects: Exposure to these substances can
Criteria Air Pollutants 
cause healtheffects, environmental effects, and property damage. Healtheffects

include heart or lung disease, respiratory damage, orpremature death.

Environmental effects include smog, acid

rain, radiation, and ozone depletion.
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 lead,

 ozone,
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Air Quality Index

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 Air quality monitors measure PM2.5 (2.5 microns of

particulate matter or less in diameter) and PM10 (10
microns or less in diameter) concentrations in g/m3

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 • Try some apps
• Try some live
examples now
from the

Lab
report Q1: Show AQI index of a few

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internet
cities with explanation
Air Pollution in World, Bangladesh and Dhaka
Air pollution

rank of Dhaka?
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The Greenhouse Effect

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 Th

e greenhouse effect keeps Earth’s lower atmosphere

approximately 33°C warmer than it would otherwise be and
performs other important service functions as well.
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Most natural green house warming is due to waterin theatmosphere, water



vapour and water droplets produce

around 85% and 12% of the total green

The green house causes resulting in un-natural

house warming
globalwarming result from anthropogenic sources and include:Carbon dioxide,

CFC’s, methane, nitrous oxides

and ozone Major Green House
Gases
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respectively
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other statistics (such
 Climate variability refers to “variations in the mean state and

as standard deviations, statistics ofextremes, etc.) of the climate on all temporal and
spatial scales
beyond that of individual weather events” (IPCC, 2007, p. 872). 

Climate change refers to any change in climate over timedue to

natural or
anthropogenic reasons (IPCC, 2007).
Climate change
Climate variability vs climate change
differs from climate variabilityin the
sense that the former is “a statistically
significant variation in
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either the mean state of the climate or in its variability,persisting for an
extended period, typically decades or longer”
(IPCC, 2012, p. 5). MrL; Class 4
Glacier retreats and
 Changes in climate Rise in Sea Level  Ice Cap
melting Changes in the
Effects of global warming
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Biosphere
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The surface temperature of ocean water varies by latitude

 and is affected by

air temperature. Globally, ocean water is40C on average.

 0C,as temperature
 Thermal expansion refers to the fact that, above 4
increases, water expands. In other words,water becomes less dense; a given
mass of water will occupy
a greater volume.
Thermal Expansion of Water
 Watch these two videos:
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 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fuvY5YG5zA4 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b6CPsGanO_U
 MrL; Class 4
Lab Report Question 2. The approximate volume of water in the world’s
oceans is 1.35X1024

C and with
cm3. Assume that this volume is at 24.60 the density of 0.9989 g/cm3. Calculate
the mass of this much water. Show your work and show the equation you used for your
௠௔௦௦
calculations. Hints: density =

௩௢௟௨௠௘;mass = density*volume
…………………………….
So the mass of 1.35X1024 cm3 of sea water at 24.60C would be
…..?
Solution:…. MrL; Class 4 16

……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
Lab Report Question 3. Now using the mass you obtained in Question 2
and the known
), compute thevolume of that mass of water. Show
density of water at 600 C (0.9840 g/cm3
your work and show the equation
you used for your calculations. So the volume of
1.35X1024 g of sea water at 600C would be……?
௠௔௦௦
Hints: density (d)=
௠௔௦௦
௩௢௟௨௠௘; So volume =
ௗ௘௡௦௜௧௬
Solution:
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………….
Lab Report Question 4. Translate your answer from Question 4 into anestimate of sea-level
rise that would result from such a temperature C.
increase from room temperature to 600
Think of the world oceans as alarge box to simplify this calculation. Given that the surface
area of the 18 2, calculate the depth (in m) for the ocean at thetwo
oceans is 3.61 x 10 cm
water temperatures that you measured in lab (room temperature
and 600C). Volume at room
temperature is 1.35 x 1024 cm3and volume at
0 C is the volume you got in Question 3. Also calculate how much the
60 sea level will rise
due to the temperature increase. MrL; Class 4 18
The volume of the box = surface area of the oceans *
the depth of the boxSolution: At 600C
Volume = (From question 3)
Surface area = 3.61 x 1018 cm2 (Given)
௩௢௟௨௠௘
So depth of ocean water (A)= 3.61 x 1018cm2
=
At 24.60C
Volume= 1.35X 1024 cm3(Given)
Surface area = 3.61 x 1018 cm2 (Given)
24 3 18 2
So depth of ocean water (B)= 1.35X 10 cm 3.61 x 10 cm
=
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So sea level will rise= (A-B) cm due to the increase in temperature.
Lab Report Question 5. Look at the
map of Bangladesh.
Which areas do you think are going to be most affected from the sea level
rise? Write down some the impacts of
sea level rise in Bangladesh?
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• Any Q?
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