UNIT 12

Light
By -Aung
Phone
Khant
12.1 How light travels

-Light travels in a straight line.

-Light can travel through a vacuum.

-We can see things because of Light.

(1) Transparent material (2) Opaque material (3) Shiny material

(light can pass straight through the object) [Light can’t pass (Light may reflect)
through (absorbed)]
 Luminous and
non-luminous

● Luminous objects give off light

(sources of light)

● Non-luminous objects reflect light

(they reflect light of other objects)
 12.2 How shadows form

(1) A shadow forms when an opaque blocks the light

(2) The shadow’s size and position may change

according to the light source

(3) Shadows change during the day as the Sun

moves across the sky. Their direction and their size
changes.
(poorly made experiment)
 12.3 How reflection forms

(regular) (irregular)

Smooth surface Rough surface

Mirror

- When rays of light strike the smooth surface (e.g - When rays of light strike the rough surface,
. mirror), light bounces without being scattered. they are scattered in all directions
The law of reflection: Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection

- The ray of Light coming in - (Incident ray)

- The ray of Light going out -(reflected ray)

- A straight line drawn at right angles (90°) -(Normal)

- The two angles (Angle of incidence) and (Angle

of reflection are always equal)
Mirror
mercury
Note

Each of the angles is measured from the normal to

the ray, not from the ray to the mirror)
 12.4 How light bends
- Refraction happens when lights
passes from one medium to denser
medium.

-Refraction (Light changes direction

while passing to another medium.)

Low to high (slow speed,

towards the normal)
Density -Ray bends away from the normal as it leaves the water.

High to low (High speed, away -Ray bend closer to normal as it enter the water.
from normal)
12.5 The spectrum of white light
7 colors that appear in the spectrum
-Red (least refracted)
-Orange
-Splitting up of white into
-Yellow
separate colors is called
-Green
dispersion.
-Blue
-Indigo
-Violet (most refracted) - White light can be
split up into these
colors using a prism
(-) White light is made up of all
Spectrum
these colors in order.
 12.6 Coloured Light
Color addition = Red + Blue + Green light mix together to form secondary color and white light.

Color subtraction = Cyan + Yellow + Magenta light mix together to form primary colors and white light.

White light reflects all colors Black light absorbs all colors

R, G , B etc.. reflects the color they represent to our eyes

Sec colours - Cyan, Magenta and Yellow Primary colors - Red, Green and Blue