Electrical safety knowledge

电气事故的类型
Types of electrical accidents
触电事故
electric shock accident
静电事故
electrostatic accident
雷电灾害
lightning disaster
射频危害
Radiofrequency hazard
电路故障等
circuit fault ,etc .
电气事故的后果
Consequences of electrical accidents
火灾爆炸
Fire and explosion
设备损坏
Equipment Breakdown
生产经营活动中断或停止
Interruption or cessation of production and business activities
人身伤害
Personal injury
进入生产现场前的安全要求
Safety requirements before entering the production site
电业安全工作规程规定：工作时必须穿工作服，工作服不应有可能被转动的机器绞住的部分，
衣服和袖口必须扣好。
Electrical safety work rules: underworking must wear work clothes, work clothes should not be
possible to be twisted by the rotating machine part, clothes and cuffs must be fastened.
禁止戴围巾和穿长服。工作服禁止使用尼龙、化纤或绵、化纤混纺的衣料制做，以防工作服
遇火燃烧加重烧伤程度。
Scarves and long dresses are prohibited. Work clothes prohibit bemade of nylon, chemical fiber or
cotton, chemical fiber blended cloth made, in case of fire burning work clothes aggravate burn
degree.
工作人员进入生产现场，禁止穿拖鞋、凉鞋，女工作人员禁止穿裙子、穿高跟鞋，辫子、长
发必须盘入工作帽内。在有电工作时，戴绝缘手套，接触高温物体时，戴手套和穿专用防护
工作服。
When entering the site, slippers and sandals are not allowed. Skirts and high heels are not allowed
for female workers. Braids and long hair must be tucked into the helmet.When working with
electricity, wear insulating gloves. When contacting with high temperature objects, wear gloves
and special protective overalls.
生产现场重大危险源介绍
Introduction of major hazard sources on site

汽机专业：turbine professional
运行辅机--电缆漏电 auxiliary equipment--discharge of cable；
油系统--油泄漏着火
oil system--oil leakage and on fire
高压给水管道--高压水泄露
High pressure water supply pipeline - -high pressure water leakage
巡检路线--栏杆，楼梯，孔洞 Inspection route - -railings, stairs, holes
主汽管道--高温高压蒸汽泄露 Main steam pipeline - high temperature and high pressure steam
leakage
除氧器--高温蒸汽法兰泄露
Deaerator - high temperature steam flange leaking
锅炉专业：boiler professional
锅炉--点火燃油系统，本体，炉膛
Boiler - ignition fuel system, body, furnace
爬梯：扶手锈蚀或焊接不牢
Ladder: rust or poor welding of handrails
锅炉主气管道：高压高温蒸汽泄露
main pipe of boiler high pressure and high temperature steam leakage
高压给水管道：高压给水泄露
high pressure feed water pipe：high pressure feedwater leakage
运行辅机 operationauxiliaryequipment--电缆漏电，高速旋转 running auxiliary equipment
--discharge of cable ，high speed
输料系统 transmissionsystem--粉尘 dust
电气专业：electrical professional
主变：main transformer：
变压器油泄露爆炸 transformer oil leakage and explosion
开关室，配电箱--漏电，误操作
switch room， distribution box --leak current ，maloperation
电气安全工具（验电器，绝缘手套，绝缘靴，摇表）绝缘降低
Safety tool（Electroscope, insulated gloves, insulated boots, roll meter）insulation reduction
高压熔断器--爆炸 HV fuse--explosion
各保护控制柜：误操作 protection control panel：mis-operation
化水专业：water treatment professional
加药间--药品泄露
dose room-chemical leakage
运行辅机：电缆，机壳 auxiliary equipment：cable and casing
检修专业：maintenance personnel
电动机--电缆破损，绝缘破坏 motor--cable damage，
insulation broken
高压电缆--电缆损坏 hv cable--
高压电气设备检修--安全措施不完善
High voltage electrical equipment maintenance - safety measures are not perfect
高处作业--缺少护栏
Working athighplace：Inadequate security measures
登高检修：爬梯 Climbing maintenance: climbing the ladder
主设备检修：安全措施不全
main equipment maintenance：Inadequate safety measures
Safety precautions on site
人身安全：personnal safety
防止触电伤害（设备不停电时安全距离：10KV--0.7M 110KV 1.5M）safe distance for
energized equipment :10KV--0.7M 110KV 1.5M
valtage degree(kv) safety distance(m)

Below10 0.70

20.、35 1.00
 批注 [华1]: “一次”在电力生产上主要指的是“主路”，“二
Electrical 次”主要是用来控制“一次”的。用“一次”来修饰设备，主要
一次设备和二次设备 Primary and secondary equipment 是为了体现设备属于主路或设备的电压等级比二次设备
一次设备:直接生产、变换、输送、分配和用电的设备 的电压等级高。
Primary equipment: equipment for the direct production, transformation, transmission,
distribution and otherequipmentwhichmake use of electricity
二次设备:对一次设备和系统运行状态进行测量、控制、监视和保护的设备。
Secondary equipment: the equipment used to measure, control, monitor and protect
the running state of primary equipment and system.
一次设备:Primary equipment:
(1)生产和转换电能的设备 Equipment for producing and converting electrical energy
发电机——将机械能转换为电能;Generator - converts mechanical energy into
electrical energy;
变压器--电压升高或降低以满足输配电的需要 Transformers - voltage raised or
lowered to meet the needs of transmission and distribution
电动机--将电能转换为机械能 The motor converts electrical energy into mechanical
energy
（2）接通或断开电路的开关电器 Equipment for switching circuit
断路器(俗称开关)breaker
隔离开关(俗称刀闸)disconnector or isolation switch
熔断器(俗称保险）fuse
(3) 限流电器和防御过电压设备
Current limiting appliances and protective over-voltage equipment
电抗器、避雷器 reactor 、arrester
（4）载流导体 conductor
能传输电能的裸导体母线,电缆等 bus or cable used for conveying electric energy
(5)接地装置 earthing equipment
保证电力系统正常运行或保护人身安全 uesd to ensure normal operation for power
system or personnel security
(6)仪用互感器 instrument transformer
电流互感器--大电流变成小电流(5A 或 1A)
CT-- large current to small current (5A or 1A)
电压互感器--大电压变成小电压
PT--high voltage to low voltage
(7)无功补偿设备 reactive-load compensation equipment
并联电容器,串联电容器,并联电抗器等 parallel capacitor，Series capacitor，reactor
and so on。
二次设备 secondary equipment
(1)测量表计 measurement meter
电压表,电流表,功率表和电能表等
Voltmeters, ammeters, power meters and electricity meters
(2)继电保护及自动装置 Relay protection and automatic device
(3)直流电源设备 DC Power Supplies
(4)操作电器、信号设备及控制电缆, signal equipment and control cables

厂用电系统 auxiliary power system

发电厂在电力生产过程中，有大量以电动机拖动的机械设备，用以电动机拖动的
机械设备，用以保证主要设备和辅助设备的正常运行。这些电动机以及全场的运
行操作、试验、修配、照明电焊等用电设备所消耗的电量总和统称为厂用电量。
单位：kW • h。
In the process of electric power production, there are a large number of mechanical
equipment driven by electric motors to ensure the normal operation of main
equipment and auxiliary equipment. The total power consumed by these motors and
other electric equipment in the field such as operation, test, repair and lighting
welding is collectively referred to as the auxiliary power consumed.
厂用电量占同期全场发电量的百分数称为厂用电率 批注 [华2]: 厂用电率的高低是电厂运行的重要经济指标
The percentage of power consumed by the plant in the total generating capacity of the 之一.
same period is called auxiliary power ratio
厂用电压等级：发电厂厂用电系统的电压等级是根据发电机额定电压、常用电动机的容量和
厂用电网络的可靠性等诸多方面因素，经过经济、技术总和比较后确定的。
auxiliary power voltage class: power plant voltage grade of power plant system is
based on the generator rated voltage, common motor capacity and power plant
network reliability and many other aspects of the factors, after the economic, technical
sum comparison to determine.
发电厂一般采用的低压供电网络电压为 380/220V;高压供电网络电压为 6kV 或 10kV.
The voltage of low-voltage power supply commonly used in power plants is 380/220v;The high
voltage supply voltage is 6kV or 10kV.

75kW~200kW 的电动机采用和容量较大的静态负荷由 380V 动力中心(PC)供电，

75kw 以下的电动机和容量较小的杂散负荷由 380V 电动机控制中心（MCC）供电
The motors of 75kW~200kW are powered by a 380V power center (PC) with a large static load,
and motors of less than 75kW and a small load are powered by a 380V motor control center
(MCC)

厂用电源分类 auxiliary power classification

1 工作电源 operation power /workingpower
发电厂的工作电源是保证发电厂正常运行的基本电源，要求供电可靠能满足电压和容量要求。
对于单元接线的机组，常采用从主变低压侧引接。 批注 [华3]: 电气主接线又称一次接线（主电路）
，指发电
The operation power (or working power) is the basic power supply. To guarantee a normal 厂和变电站中的一次设备，按一定要求和顺序连接而成的
operation, it is required to supply a reliable power which can meet the requirement of voltage and 汇集电能和分配电能的电路。它表明各种一次设备的数量
capacity. as for a unit connection type generator set, leading from the low voltage side is 和作用，设备之间的连接方式，以及与电力系统的连接情
commonly adopted. 况。
6kv、10kv 高压电源和 380v 低压工作电源用于向全场的交流动力负荷和照明设备供电。 单元接线：发电机发出的电能扣除厂用电后，全部通过升
110v 220v。 压变压器送入电网，这样的一台发电机.一台变压器的接线
直流电源能在任何情况下可靠的和不间断的向断路器的跳闸装置、锅炉、汽轮机、发电 形式称为单元接线
机的控制盘及光字牌、直流润滑油泵,发电机的密封油泵、汽轮机调速器的电动机发电机磁
场回路断路器及事故照明、通信系统、记录报表的驱动装置、录波器、蒸汽阀门操作装置、
电厂其他事故照明等设备供电。

6kv, 10kv high voltage power supply and 380v low voltage power supply are used to supply AC
power load and lighting equipment.

DC power supply can reliably and continuously supply power tocircuit breaker switching device;

the controlling of boiler, turbine and generator PANNEL and light plate, Sealing oil pump for
generator, lubricating oil pump turbine governor motor generator field circuit breaker and accident
lighting;

communication system, record report driving devices, wave record device, steam valve device,
and power plant emergency lighting equipment.

220v 交流不间断电源（ups）用于向发电厂实时监控的计算机、DCS 系统、通信系统和远东

装置等符合提供交流 220v 不间断电能。
220V UPS is used to provide 220v uninterrupted ac power to the power plant's real-time
monitoring computers, DCS systems, communication systems and far east devices.
2 backup power supply
3 事故保安电源 Emergency power supply
用于工作、备用电源都消失时，想事故保安负荷供电的电源。
The power supply used to supply the emergency security load when both the operation and the
standby power supply have disappeared.
快速启动的柴油发电机组是一种广泛采用的事故保安电源，用于向给水泵的润滑油泵
锅炉空预器、冷却风机、磨煤机减速油泵、汽轮机盘车电动机、顶轴油泵、交流润滑油泵等。
另外，还要作为蓄电池组的充电电源，事故照明电源，重要设备的通风冷却电源，热工控制
电源和 UPS 电源。
The quick-start diesel generator set is a widely used accident - emergency power for lubricating
pumps to feed water pumps
Boiler air preheater, cooling fan, coal mill reduction pump, steam turbine motor, top shaft oil
pump, ac oil pump, etc.
In addition, it can also be used as the charging power source for the battery, the emergency
lighting power source, the ventilation and cooling power source for important equipment, the
instrument&control power source and the UPS power source.
另外，直流电源和 220v 的 ups 电源也是事故保安电源。
Otherwise,DC power supply and UPS are all emergency power supply.
厂用高压：一般为 10kv，电动机的额定功率大于 200kw 时采用额定电压为 10kv。10kv 系统
中性点采用低阻接地方式。10kv 开关柜采用中置式开关柜。原则上 1000kw 及以下的电动机、
1250kvA 以上的变压器采用真空断路器回路供电。
High voltage auxiliary power supply:
Generally, it is 10kv. When the rated power of the motor is greater than 200kw, the rated voltage is
10kv.Low resistance grounding is adopted for the neutral point of 10kv system.10kv switch
cabinet adopts center type switch cabinet.In principle, the motors below 1000kw and transformers
above 1250kvA shall be supplied by vacuum circuit breaker circuit.

厂用低压 low voltage auxiliary power supply

厂用低压为 380v 三相四线 50hz；电动机的额定功率在 200kw 以下时的额定电压为 380v；

交流单相控制电压为 220v。低压厂用电系统采用动力中心 PC 和电动机控制中心

MCC 的供电方式，低压用电系统 PC 和 MCC 采用低压抽出式和固定分离式开关

柜。

Low voltage auxiliary power supply:

Low voltage auxiliary power supply is 380v three-phase four-wire 50hz;The rated voltage of the
motor is 380v when the rated power is below 200 kw;

The AC single-phase control voltage is 220v.Low-voltage auxiliary power adopts power supply
mode of power center PC and motor control center MCC, low-voltage power system PC and MCC
adopts low-voltage extraction type and fixed separated switch cabinet.

厂用控制直流压
Auxiliary controlling DC voltage
厂用控制直流电压为 110v，来自 110v 直流系统，每台机组设两组 110v 直流系统。
厂用动力直流电压
厂用动力直流电压为 220v 由机组 220v 直流系统供电，向应急直流油泵电机供电。
保安电源
emergency power supply
采用柴油发电机
emergency power supply adopts diesel generator
配置 UPS 装置
主要用于向热控 DCS 柜、仪表、火灾报警系统、电气变送器屏提供可靠的 220v 交流电源。
UPS
It is mainly used to provide reliable 220v AC power supply to DCS cabinet, instrument, fire alarm
system and soon.