Koya University

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Petroleum Engineering

Solid and Liquid Content (Vol.%)

Class: Drilling Technology |.

Experiment No.: 2.
Name: Ari Kawa – Mahmood Saman – Hardy kak yahya – Yousif Pshtiwan.
Group: A.
Date: 20/2/2022
Supervisor: Mohammed Jamal Awl Qadr.

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Contents
AIM ................................................................................................................................................................ 3
THEORY ....................................................................................................................................................... 3
APPARATUSES AND MATERIALS ........................................................................................................ 3
CALIBRATION ........................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
PROCEDURE ............................................................................................................................................... 4
DISCUSSION................................................................................................................................................ 5
REFERENCES ............................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

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Aim
To determine the amount of liquid and solid matter in the mud. This liquid which may be
water or water and oil.

Theory
Advantages of this test:
1. To control mud properties.
2. To evaluate viscosity and solid control equipments.
3. To Know the oil percent in oil emulsion muds.
In this experiment:
Can be measure the amount of solids in the mud (average). Cannot be determine the
amount of each solid material.

Test Equipment
50 ML Retort Kit used to show the percent of liquid and solid contents in the mud.

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Apparatuses and Materials

1. Condenser. 5. Tong.
2. On\Off button. 6. Leveling lid.
3. Graduated cylinder. 7. Spatula.
4. Mud chamber. 8. Insulator block.

Procedure
The following procedure is used:

1. Prepare a mud by mixing bentonite and water.

2. Put 50 ml of the mud to the mud chamber.
3. Tightening the leveling lid on the top of mud chamber.
4. Connecting cables.
5. Switch on the device.
6. After 45 min, switch off device, after that read liquid volume in graduated
cylinder and find solid volume by calculation.
7. Wait 15 min for cooling mud chamber and carefully holding the mud chamber by
tong because it is very hot.
8. Clean leveling lid by spatula and mud chamber by brush.

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Discussion
 Ari Kawa Shawkat.
 What does the accuracy of the results will depend on?
Ans\ The accuracy of your calculations depends on the retort test data. These
care should be taken while running the equipment to ensure good results.

 What problems are you likely to encounter during drilling operations if you
have a high sand content in your drilling mud?
Ans\ It also raises the specific gravity, or weight, of the mud, causing
increased water loss to the formation, and a thick and fluffy wall cake, which
leads to difficulty running casing, and potentially severe development
problems.

 What are the effects of high sand content in a drilling fluid?

Ans\ It is desirable to know the sand content of drilling muds because
excessive sand may result in the deposition of a thick filter cake on the wall of
the hole, or may settle in the hole about the tools when circulation is stopped,
thus interfering with successful operations of drilling tools or setting of
casing.
 What is sand content in drilling?
Ans\ The sand content of the drilling fluid defines sand-sized particles larger
than 74 µm in size. The volume of sand, including that of void spaces between
grains, is usually measured and expressed as volume percent.

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  Mahmood Saman

What does the accuracy of the results will depend on?

Ans\ The retort test data determines the accuracy of your calculations. To get good
outcomes, several precautions should be performed while operating the device.

What problems are you likely to encounter during drilling operations if you have a
high sand content in your drilling mud?
Ans\ It also increases the specific gravity, or weight, of the mud, resulting in greater
water loss from the formation and a thick and fluffy wall cake, which makes casing
difficult to run and may cause significant development issues.

What is the sand content of a drill?

Ans\ Sand-sized particles larger than 74 m in size are defined by the sand content of the
drilling fluid. The volume of sand is commonly measured and represented as volume
percent, which includes the volume of vacant spaces between grains.

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  Hardy Kak Yahya.

1// What is solid and liquid control?

Knowledge of the liquid and solids content of a drilling mud is essential for good
control of the mud properties. Such information will often explain poor performance
of the mud and indicate whether the mud can best be conditioned by the addition of
water or whether treatment with chemical thinner or the removal of the contaminant
is required.

2// What’s advantage of the test?

1/ To control mud properties.
2/ To evaluate viscosity and solid control equipment’s.
3// To Know the oil percent in oil emulsion mud.

3/ How to the measure solid volume?

We get the result by measuring the extracted water volume, because we know mud
volumes volume.

4// Is there a correlation between the mud weight of the sample and the % sand
by volume?
By increasing the solid volume for the mud, the weight of the mud directly increases.

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  Yousif Pshtiwan

Q1/ what can you measure in this exp.?

A/In this experiment we Can be measure the amount of solids in the mud (average).
Cannot be determine the amount of each solid material.

Q2/in this exp. you determine what? And how?

A/In this exp. We want to determine the amount and type of solids and liquids present in
a drilling mud sample. Mud is placed in the steel container and then heated until the
liquid portion is vaporized. The vapor is passed through a condenser in which it is cooled
and then collected in a graduated cylinder. The volume of the water and oil is measured
as a fraction of the total mud volume. For accurate results a true mud density should be
used for calculations, an accurate air free sample must be used and a volume correction
factor should be determined for oil content if it is present in the mud.

Q3/ what is the advantage this exp.?

A/Advantages of this exp.:
• To control mud properties.
• To evaluate viscosity and solid control equipment’s.
• To Know the oil percent in oil emulsion muds.

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