INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

(Autonomous)
Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500 043

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

Course Title IC APPLICATIONS

Course Code AECC12
Program B.Tech
Semester IV ECE
Course Type Core
Regulation IARE - UG20
Theory Practical
Course Structure Lecture Tutorials Credits Laboratory Credits
3 - 3 - -
Course Coordinator Mr. J Siva Ramakrishna, Assistant Professor

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
The students will try to learn:

I The basic building blocks, characteristics and applications of operational amplifier.

II The functional details of logic families, combinatorial and sequential digital circuits
(ICs) used in digital design.
III Different IC models which are basic for Mixed signal integrated circuits in future.

COURSE OUTCOMES:
After successful completion of the course, students should be able to:

CO 1 Interpret the DC and AC analysis of differential amplifiers as a Understand

building block of operational amplifier.
CO 2 Explainthe specifications of ideal and practical operational amplifier Understand
and their DC, AC characteristics.
CO3 Buildvarious linear application circuits such as mathematical Analyze
operation, wave shaping circuits using op-amp operating with negative
feedbackin closed loop configuration.
CO 4 Experimentwith comparator (open loop configuration) and change Apply
the characteristics of it by adding feedback to model multivibrators.
CO 5 Modelthe function generator with variable amplitude and frequency Apply
modulation capability using IC 741 Op-amp.
 CO 6 Demonstrate importance, types voltage regulators and their Remember
applicationsin pulse width modulation, push pull bridges.
CO 7 Designfrequency selective circuits using OPAMP for audio and radio Analyze
frequency ranges.
CO 8 Determinethe function of Phase Locked Loop and their Apply
applicationsusing operational amplifier as IC565.
CO 9 Explainthe fundamental frequency of monostable and astable Understand
Multivibrators using IC555 timer.
CO 10 Chooseappropriate Analog to Digital and Digital to Analog converters Apply
for data processing in Microprocessor, Digital signal processing and
Communication.
CO 11 Comparethe digital logic family circuits which are basics for digital Understand
gates along with the characteristicsfor digital design.
CO 12 Make use of commercially available sequential and combinational Apply
digital ICsto function as Latch, Flip flop, Registers and Counters.

QUESTION BANK:
MODULE I
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
PART A-PROBLEM SOLVING AND CRITICAL THINKING
Q.No QUESTION Taxonomy How does this subsume CO’s
the level
1 Determine the output Understand This would require the CO1
voltage of the differential learner to define differential
amplifier having input amplifier and then find the
Voltages V1=1mV and output voltage.
V2=2 mV. The amplifier
has a differential gain of
5000 and CMRR 1000.

Page 2
2 An op-amp with a slew rate Analyze This would require the CO1
is 0.5V /µ S is used as an learner to recall the concept
inverting amplifier to obtain of slew rate, understand
a gain of 100. The voltage how to find slew-rate for a
gain Vs frequency circuit, find the maximum
characteristic of the peak-to-peak input signal
amplifier is flat up to 10 and apply without any
KHz. Determine the distortion to the output.
maximum peak-to-peak
input signal that can be
applied without any
distortion to the output and
the maximum frequency of
the input signal to obtain a
sine wave output of 2V
peak.
3 Derive slew rate equation Understand This would require the CO1
and discuss the effect of learner recall the concept of
slew rate in applications of slew rate and find the
op-amp. Explain the term output voltage of non-
thermal drift. Find the inverting amplifier.
output voltage of a non-
inverting amplifier if the
temperature rises to 50oC
for an offset voltage drift of
0.15mV/oC if it was nulled
at 25oC.
4 A differential amplifier has Apply This would require the CO1
(i) CMRR = 1000 and (ii) learner to recall the concept
CMRR = 10000. The first of differential amplifier,
set of inputs is V1 = 100 V understand the expression
and V2 = -100 V. The for CMRR and find the
second set of inputs is V1 = percentage difference in
1100 V and V2 = 900 V. output voltages.
Calculate the percentage
difference in output voltages
obtained for the two sets of
input voltage and also
comment on this.

Page 3
5 For an op-amp PSRR =60
db(min), CMRR= 104 and
the differential mode gain is
105, the voltage changes by
20 V in 4 µ sec. calculate (i)
numerical value of the
PSRR (ii) common mode
gain. (iii) Slew rate.
6 For a differential amplifier
RC=1 KW, RS=1 K W,
hie=1 K W, hfe=50, the
emitter resistance of 2.5 M
W while the differential
input of 1 mV. Calculate the
output voltage and CMRR
in db. If the common mode
input is 20 mV. Assume
single ended output.
7 An op - amp has a slew rate
of 1.5V/µs. What is the
maximum frequency of an
output sinusoid of peak
value 10V at which the
distortion sets in due to the
slew rate limitation?
8 Derive the output voltage of
an op-amp based differential
amplifier.
9 An op-amp has a differential
gain of 80 dB and CMRR of
95 Db. If V1=2µV and
V2=1.6µV. Then calculate
differential and common
mode output values.
10 The input signal to an
op-amp is 0.03sin (1.5Ö105)
t. calculate maximum gain
of an op-amp with the slew
rate of 0.4V/µ sec.
Understand This would require the CO1
learner recall the expression
for PSRR, CMRR and find
the new values of PSRR,
common mode gain, slew
rate for voltage changes.
Analyze This would require the CO1
learner recall the operation
of differential amplifier,
understand the expression
for CMRR, apply CMRR
for a circuit and find the
output voltage and CMRR
for the given specifications.
Apply This would require the CO1
learner recall the usage of
slew rate for an op-amp,
understand how to find
slew-rate for a circuit and
estimate maximum
frequency of an output
sinusoid of peak value for
the given slew rate.
Analyze This would require the CO1
learner to recall the concept
of an op-amp, understand
the operation of op-amp,
apply formula and derive
necessary expression.
Apply This would require the CO1
learner to recall the concept
of op-amp, identify the
formula to find differential
and common mode output
values of op-amp.
Apply This would require the CO1
learner to recall the concept
of op-amp, understand the
op-amp and calculate
maximum gain of an
op-amp with the slew rate.
Page 4
 PART B-LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Discus the operation of
differential amplifier with
neat circuit diagram and list
the types of differential
amplifiers.
2 Analyze the input bias
current compensation in an
inverting amplifier with the
help of circuit diagram.
3 Describe the following terms Understand This would require the
in an op-amp. 1. Input Bias
current 2. Input offset
voltage 3. Input offset
current
4 Analyze the circuits for
improving common mode
rejection ratio for
differential amplifier
circuits.
5 Explain the external
frequency compensation
methods of operational
amplifier circuit.
6 Calculate slew rate of a
voltage follower op amp
circuit for a given sinusoidal
input.
Understand This would require the CO1
learner to recall the basic
internal diagram of
differential amplifier and
then list the types of
differential amplifiers by
changing circuit
connections.
Analyze This would require the CO1
learner to recall the concept
of op-amp, understand the
compensation in an
inverting amplifier, describe
about characteristics of
operational amplifier and
then analyze the input bias
current.
CO1
learner to recall the concept
of op-amp and understand
the op-amp characteristics.
Analyze This would require the CO1
learner to recall the internal
circuit of differential
amplifier, understand about
CMRR, and take necessary
steps to improve CMRR.
Understand This would require the CO2
learner to recall the
importance of RC network
in order to improve the
bandwidth and limiting gain
of op-amp.
Apply This would require the CO1
learner to recall the
temperature effect on
transistor, understand the
slew rate and with the
basics of op-amp verify the
impact of temperature on
op-amp.
Page 5
7 Define stability. Discuss the
stability of operational
amplifier with neat circuit
diagrams.
8 List and compare ideal and
practical characteristics of
an operational amplifier
circuit.
9 Analyze the dual input
balanced output
configuration of differential
amplifier circuit.
10 Discuss the AC analysis of
dual input balanced output
differential amplifier circuit.
11 Explain the use of constant
current bias method for
dual input balanced output
differential amplifier.
12 Explain level translator of
cascaded differential
amplifier with neat circuit
diagram.
13 Discuss common mode
rejection ratio and supply
voltage rejection ratio for a
given operational amplifier.
14 List out different
configurations of differential
amplifier. Explain any one
of them in detail.
Understand This would require the CO1
learner to recall the stability
of a circuit and extend it to
operational amplifier.
Understand This would require the CO1
learner to recall the internal
equivalent circuit of op-amp
along with characteristics
and understand the
practical circuit of it.
Analyze This would require the CO1
learner to recall ac and dc
analysis of transistor with
the knowledge of differential
amplifier, apply the ac and
dc analysis to configure the
differential amplifier.
Understand This would require the CO1
learner to recall the concept
of AC analysis and define
the differential amplifier
circuit.
Understand This would require the CO1
learner to recall constant
current bias method and
then explain about dual
input balanced output
differential amplifier.
Understand This would require the CO1
learner to define the level
translator and then explain
about cascaded differential
amplifier with neat circuit
diagram.
Remember —- CO1
Understand This would require the CO1
learner to find different
configurations of differential
amplifier and then explain
differential amplifier.
Page 6
15 Draw the circuit of a Understand
This would require the CO1
symmetrical emitter coupled learner to recall the AC
dual input balanced output analysis of transistor with
and derive the necessary the knowledge of DIBO
expressions using AC circuit and apply DC
analysis. analysis for emitter coupled
dual input balanced output.
16 Draw the circuit of a Understand This would require the CO2
symmetrical emitter coupled learner to recall the
differential amplifier and symmetrical emitter coupled
derive for CMRR. dual input balanced output
and derive the necessary
expressions for CMRR.
17 Explain various DC and AC Understand This would require the CO1
characteristics of an learner to compare various
op-amp. Distinguish DC and AC characteristics
between ideal and practical of an op-amp. And then
characteristics distinguish between ideal
and practical characteristics.
18 Explain the following terms Understand This would require the CO 2
in an OP-AMP. (i)Bias learner to recall the concept
current (ii) input offset of op-amp and define ideal
voltage (iii) thermal drift characteristics of an
operational amplifier.
19 Draw the block diagram of Apply This would require the CO 2
operational amplifier and learner to recall the
explain each differential operational amplifier,
amplifier and derive for explain the block diagram
CMRR. and derive the necessary
expressions for CMRR.
20 Draw the circuit of a Apply This would require the CO 2
symmetrical emitter coupled learner recall the DC
dual input balanced output analysis of transistor with
and derive the necessary the knowledge of DIBO
expressions using DC circuit apply DC analysis
analysis. for emitter coupled dual
input balanced output.
PART C-SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Mention the advantages of Remember —- CO 1
integrated circuits.
2 Classify the integrated Remember —- CO 1
circuits.
3 Name the different types if Remember —- CO 1
IC packages.

Page 7
4 Define differential amplifier. Understand This would require the CO 1
learner recall the
importance of emitter
coupled transistor and
understand the operation of
differential amplifier.
5 Mention the characteristics Remember —- CO2
of an ideal op-amp.
6 Sketch the equivalent circuit Understand This would require the CO2
of op-amp. learner to recall the ideal
characteristics first to know
about the equivalent circuit
of operational amplifier.
7 List the functions of level Understand This would require the CO2
translator. learner to recall transistor
operation and understand
the function of level
translator.
8 List the AC characteristics Remember —- CO1
of op amp.
9 List the properties of Understand This would require the CO1
differential amplifier. learner to recall the function
of transistor model and brief
about properties of
differential amplifier.
10 Define input bias current. Remember —- CO1
11 Define slew rate. Remember —- CO1
12 Define CMRR Remember —- CO1
13 Define thermal drift. Remember —- CO1
14 Define PSSR. Remember —- CO1
15 List the different Remember —- CO1
temperature ranges of
IC741 packages?
16 Give the classification of Remember —- CO1
differential amplifier.
17 Write the equation for ACM Understand This would require the CO1
and CMRR learner to recall the ac and
dc analysis to calculate
CMRR of differential
amplifier.

Page 8
18 What is the difference
between open loop and
closed loop gain of op-amp?
19 Write the ideal values of
CMRR and input offset
voltage.
20 Define input bias current.
APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
PART A-PROBLEM SOLVING AND CRITICAL THINKING
1 Design a differentiator to
differentiate an input signal
that varies in frequency
from 10 Hz to about 1 KHz.
If a sine wave of 1V peak at
1000 Hz is applied to this
differentiator draw the
output waveforms.
2 Draw the output waveform
for a sine wave of 1V peak
at 100Hz applied to the
differentiator.
3 Design an op-amp
differentiator that will
differentiate an Input signal
with fmax = 100Hz.
5 Design an op-amp
differentiator that will
differentiate an Input signal
with fmax = 1000Hz
6 Design a square wave
generator using op-amp to
oscillate frequency fo =
1kHz and dc supply voltage
= ±12V.
Understand This would require the CO1
learner to recall the purpose
of negative feedback and
calculate the open loop and
closed loop gain of op-amp.
Remember —- CO1
Remember —- CO2
MODULE II
Understand This would require the CO4
learner to define
differentiator and then
design the circuit with given
specifications.
Understand This would require the CO4
learner to recall the concept
of differentiator and draw
the output waveform for a
sine wave.
Apply This would require the CO4
learner to recall the concept
of differentiator, draw the
output waveform for a sine
wave and apply the formula
to find output voltage.
Analyze This would require the CO4
learner to recall the concept
of op-amp, explain the
differentiator, draw the
output waveform for a sine
wave and apply the formula
to find output voltage.
Apply This would require the CO4
learner to define square
wave generator and then
design the circuit with given
specifications.
Page 9
7 Draw the output waveform
for a sine wave of 2V peak
at 1000Hz applied to the
differentiator.
8 Design a comparator circuit
for input voltage = 2Vpp
sine wave at 1kHz,
Vref=500mV, R=100W, and
supply voltage =
±15V.Draw the output
waveform.
9 Design a differential
instrumentation amplifier
using a transducer bridge.
Given data R1=1kW,
Rf=4.7kW,
RA=RB=RC=100 kW,
VDC=5v and op-amp
supply voltages =
±15V.The transducer is a
thermistor with the
following specifications:
RT=100 kW at a reference
temperature of 25oC;
temperature coefficient of
resistance = -1kW/oC or 1
percentage /oC. Determine
the output voltage at 0Oc
and at 100oC.
10 For a non-inverting single
supply AC amplifier Rin=50
W, Ci=0.1 µ F, C1=0.1µF,
R1=R2=R3=100K ohms,
Rf= 1M ohm and
VCC=+12 V. Determine
the bandwidth of the
amplifier and maximum
voltage swing.
Understand This would require the CO5
learner to recall the concept
of differentiator and draw
the output waveform for a
sine wave.
Apply This would require the CO5
learner to recall the concept
of op-amp, explain
comparator circuit and
design the circuit with given
specifications.
Apply This would require the CO4
learner to recall the concept
of op-amp, explain
instrumentation amplifier
and design the circuit with
given specifications.
Understand This would require the CO4
learner to recall
non-inverting single supply
AC amplifier and determine
bandwidth of the amplifier
and maximum voltage
swing.
Page 10
 PART B-LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 What is the instrumentation Understand This would require the
amplifier? What are the
required parameters of an
instrumentation amplifier?
Explain the working of
instrumentation amplifier
with neat circuit diagram.
2 Derive the gain expression
for inverting operational
amplifier and non-inverting
operational amplifier.
3 With neat circuit diagram
and waveforms explain the
application of OPAMP as
Differentiator and write the
advantages of practical
differentiator.
4 Explain practical integrator Understand This would require the
circuit using IC 741 and list
the advantages of practical
integrator over ideal
integrator.
5 Explain the operation of AC Understand This would require the
amplifier and obtain its
transfer function.
6 Draw the circuit of a log
amplifier using two op-amps
and explain its operation?
7 Draw and explain the
operation of square wave
generator using op amp
741and give necessary
equations.
CO4
learner to define the
instrumentation amplifier
and explain the working of
instrumentation amplifier
with neat circuit diagram.
Apply This would require the CO4
learner to recall the concept
of inverting operational
amplifier, explain inverting
operational amplifier and
derive gain expression.
Understand This would require the CO4
learner to recall the
differentiator and then draw
the circuit diagram and
waveforms explain the
application of OPAMP.
CO4
learner to recall the
integrator and then list the
advantages of practical
integrator over ideal
integrator.
CO4
learner to explain the
operation of AC amplifier
and obtain its transfer
function.
Understand This would require the CO5
learner to recall the circuit
of a log amplifier using two
op-amps and explain its
operation.
Understand This would require the CO5
learner to recall the
operation of square wave
generator using op amp
741and give necessary
equations.
Page 11
8 What are the limitations of
an ordinary op-amp
differentiator? Draw the
circuit of a practical
differentiator that will
eliminate these limitations?
9 Explain the operation of
monostable multivibrator
using op amp and derive the
expression for pulse width.
10 Draw and explain the
operation of triangular
waveform generator using
necessary equations.
11 Explain the operation of
astable multivibrator using
op amp and derive the
expression for frequency of
oscillations.
12 With neat circuit diagram
explain the operation of
Schmitt trigger and give the
expression for hysteresis
voltage?
13 Draw the circuit of an
anti-log amplifier using two
op-amps and explain its
working principle?
14 Explain the functional block
diagram of IC723 as voltage
regulator with neat
diagram?
15 What is a voltage regulator?
Give some of the features of
IC723 Voltage regulator?
Understand This would require the CO5
learner to recall the op-amp
differentiator and then draw
the circuit of a practical
differentiator that will
eliminate these limitations.
Remember —- CO5
Understand This would require the CO5
learner to recall the concept
of op-amp and explain the
operation of triangular
waveform generator.
Understand —- CO4
Understand This would require the CO4
learner to recall the concept
of schmitt trigger and give
the expression for hysteresis
voltage.
Remember —- CO5
Understand This would require the CO5
learner to recall the concept
of voltage regulator and
explain the functional block
diagram of IC723.
Understand This would require the CO5
learner to recall the concept
of voltage regulator and give
some of the features of
IC723.
Page 12
16 Explain the operation of
sawtooth waveform
generator using necessary
equations.
17 What are the advantages of
three pin Voltage
regulators?
18 Explain inverting and
non-inverting comparator
circuits with neat circuit
diagram.
19 Draw the circuit diagram
and explain the basic log
amplifier using (i) Diode (ii)
Transistor. Also obtain the
expression for output
voltage.
20 Explain the working
principle of a regulated
power supply with block
diagram.
PART C-SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 List the applications of Remember —-
IC741?
2 Draw the circuit diagram of Understand This would require the
integrator?
3 Define voltage follower? Understand This would require the
Understand This would require the CO4
learner to recall the concept
of sawtooth waveform
generator and describe the
operation of sawtooth
waveform generator using
necessary equations.
Understand This would require the CO5
learner to recall the concept
of voltage regulator and give
advantages of three pin
voltage regulators.
Understand This would require the CO5
learner to recall the concept
of comparator circuits and
explain the inverting and
non-inverting comparator
circuits.
Understand This would require the CO5
learner to recall the concept
of log amplifier and then
explain characteristics.
Understand
This would require the CO5
learner to recall the concept
of explain the working
principle of a regulated
power supply with block
diagram.
CO3
CO3
learner recall the concept of
negative feedback of op-amp
and realize integrator
circuit.
CO3
learner recall the negative
feedback of op-amp and
realize voltage follower
circuit
Page 13
4 Give the applications of
comparator?
5 Draw the circuit diagram of
differentiator?
6 What are the applications
of AC amplifier?
7 What do you mean by
summing amplifier?
8 Draw the diagram of
inverting adder?
9 How op-amps can be used
to subtract the two input
voltages?
10 What are the applications
of log amplifier?
11 What are the applications
of AC amplifier?
12 What are the limitations of
differentiator?
13 Give the applications of
anti-log amplifier?
14 What are the limitations of
integrator?
15 Draw the pin diagram of
IC723 voltage regulator
Remember —- CO3
Understand This would require the CO3
learner recall the negative
feedback of op-amp and
realize differentiator.
Understand This would require the CO3
learner recall the negative
feedback of op-amp and
realize AC amplifier.
Understand This would require the CO3
learner recall the negative
feedback of op-amp and
realize summing amplifier
using IC741.
Understand This would require the CO3
learner recall the negative
feedback of op-amp and
realize diagram of inverting
adder.
Understand This would require the CO3
learner to recall the concept
of op-amp and explain to
subtract the two input
voltages.
Remember —- CO4
Remember —- CO3
Understand This would require the CO3
learner to recall the
differentiator circuit and
explain limitations of it.
Remember —- CO4
Understand This would require the CO3
learner to recall the
integrator circuit and
explain limitations of it.
Understand This would require the CO4
learner to recall the voltage
regulator and explain the of
IC723 voltage regulator.
Page 14
16 What are the types of
Multivibrators?
17 Why is square-wave
generator also called the
astable multivibrator?
18 Write any three features of
IC723 voltage regulator?
19 What do you mean by
comparator?
20 Draw the circuit diagram of Understand This would require the
Schmitt trigger.
ACTIVE FILTERS AND TIMERS
PART A-PROBLEM SOLVING AND CRITICAL THINKING
1 Design a second order
butter-worth low-pass filter
having upper cut-off
frequency 1 kHz. Then
determine its frequency
response. Given parameters:
fh=1 kHz, C=0.1µF,
R=1.6KW and damping
factor =1.414.
2 Design a second order
butter-worth high-pass filter
having lower cut-off
frequency 1 kHz. Given
parameters: fl=10 kHz,
C=0.1µF, R=2kW and
damping factor =1.414.
Calculate RF and Ri and
also determine its frequency
response.
Remember —- CO2
Understand This would require the CO4
learner recall the concept of
IC741 with feedback and
realize square-wave
generator multivibrator.
Remember —- CO1
Understand
This would require the CO1
learner to recall the concept
of op-amp and understand
the comparator circuit.
CO3
learner to recall the concept
of op-amp, draw the circuit
diagram of schmitt trigger.
MODULE III
Analyze This would require the CO6
learner to recall the concept
of low-pass filter, explain
second order butter-worth
low-pass filter, apply
required formula and design
the circuit with given
specifications.
Analyze This would require the CO6
learner to recall the concept
of high-pass filter, explain
second order butter-worth
high-pass filter, apply
required formula and design
the circuit with given
specifications.
Page 15
3 Design a wide band pass
filter having fl=400Hz,
fh=2kHz and pass band
gain of 4. Find the value of
Q factor of the filter.
4 Design a wide band reject
filter having fh=400Hz,
fl=2kHz and pass band gain
of 2. Find the value of Q
factor of the filter.
5 A 555 timer is configured to
run in astable mode with
R1 = 20kW, R2= 80W and
C= 0.1 µF. Determine the
output frequency and duty
cycle.
6 IC555 timer used as a
monostable has R = 20kW,
and C= 0.01 µF. What is
the duration of output
pulse?
7 Design a 2kHz clock with a
50 % duty cycle using 555
timer.
8 Design a 555 timer an
astable multivibrator with
an output signal frequency
of 800hz and 60% duty
cycle.
9 Design a 555 based square
wave generator to produce
an asymmetrical square
wave of 2 KHz. If Vcc=12V,
draw the voltage curve
across the timing capacitor
and output waveform.
Analyze This would require the CO7
learner to recall the concept
of filter, explain band-pass
filter, apply required
formula and design the
circuit with given
specifications.
Analyze This would require the CO7
learner to recall the concept
of filter, explain band-reject
filter, apply required
formula and design the
circuit with given
specifications.
Apply This would require the CO6
learner to recall the concept
of timer, explain the astable
mode and then determine
the output frequency and
duty cycle.
Apply This would require the CO6
learner to recall the concept
of timer, explain the
monostable mode and then
determine the output pulse
duration.
Apply This would require the CO8
learner to recall the concept
of timer, explain the mode
of operation and determine
the duty cycle.
Analyze This would require the CO8
learner to recall the concept
of timer, explain the astable
mode of operation, apply
required formula and
determine the output signal.
Analyze This would require the CO7
learner to recall the concept
of timer, explain the square
wave generator, apply
required formula and
determine the output signal.
Page 16
10 Design and draw the wave
forms of 1KHZ square
waveform generator using
555 Timer for duty cycle
D=25%.
PART-B LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Describe a second order low Understand This would require the
pass filter with circuit
diagram and derive its
transfer function.
2 Draw the circuit of a first
order low pass filter and
derive its transfer function
using necessary equations.
3 Draw the circuit of a narrow Understand This would require the
band pass filter and derive
its transfer function using
necessary equations.
4 Draw the circuit of a all
pass filter and derive its
transfer function using
necessary equations.
5 Explain second order high
pass filter and derive its
transfer function using
necessary equations.
6 Draw the circuit of a first
order high pass filter and
derive its transfer function.
7 Draw the circuit of a narrow Understand This would require the
band reject filter and derive
its transfer function.
8 Draw the circuit of a wide
band pass filter and derive
its transfer function using
necessary equations.
Analyze This would require the CO8
learner to recall the concept
of timer, explain the square
wave generator, apply
required formula and
determine the output signal.
CO6
learner to recall the second
order low pass filter and
derive its transfer function
Understand This would require the CO6
learner to recall the first
order low pass filter and
derive its transfer function
using necessary equations.
CO7
learner to recall the narrow
band pass filter and derive
its transfer function using
necessary equations.
Understand This would require the CO7
learner to recall the all pass
filter and derive its transfer
function using necessary
equations.
Understand This would require the CO6
learner to recall the second
order high pass filter and
derive its transfer function
using necessary equations.
Understand This would require the CO6
learner to recall the first
order high pass filter and
derive its transfer function.
CO7
learner to recall the narrow
band pass filter and derive
its transfer function.
Understand This would require the CO7
learner to recall the wide
band pass filter and derive
its transfer function using
necessary equations.
Page 17
9 Illustrate the differences
between wide band pass and
narrow band pass filters?
10 Draw the circuit of an all
pass filter and derive its
transfer function using
necessary equations.
11 Explain each block of the
functional block diagram of
555 timer and list the
advantages of 555 timer.
12 Explain working principle of
Phase locked loop using
appropriate block diagram
and equations.
13 Draw the block diagram of
an Astable multivibrator
using 555timer and derive
an expression for its
frequency of oscillation
14 Derive the expression for
the following using PLL i)
capture range ii) Lock in
range.
15 Draw the schematic diagram
of voltage-controlled
oscillator and explain its
working principle?
16 Derive the expression for
pulse width of monostable
multi using 555 timer.
Understand This would require the CO6
learner recall the concept of
filter and explain about
differences between wide
band pass and narrow band
pass filters.
Understand This would require the CO6
learner to recall the all pass
filter and derive its transfer
function.
Understand This would require the CO7
learner to define each block
of the functional block
diagram and list the
advantages of 555 timer.
Understand This would require the CO7
learner to recall the working
principle of phase locked
loop using appropriate block
diagram and equations.
Understand This would require the CO6
learner to define Astable
multivibrator and derive an
expression for its frequency
of oscillation.
Apply This would require the CO6
learner to recall the concept
of PLL, explain the
characteristics and derive
the necessary expression.
Understand This would require the CO7
learner recall the concept of
PLL and explain voltage
controlled oscillator.
Apply This would require the CO7
learner to recall the concept
of 555 timer, explain the
monostable multivibrator
and derive the expression
for pulse width of
monostable multivibrator.
Page 18
17 Explain any two Understand This would require the CO6
applications of monostable learner to recall the concept
multivibrator using 555 of 555 timer and explain
timer with the help of any two applications of
diagrams. monostable multivibrator
using 555 timer.
18 Derive the expression for Apply This would require the CO6
lock in range of phase learner to recall the concept
locked loop. of PLL, explain the
characteristics and derive
the expression for lock in
range.
19 Explain the operation of Understand This would require the CO7
IC555 timer as schmitt learner to recall the
trigger with neat circuit operation of IC555 timer as
diagram. Schmitt trigger with neat
circuit diagram.
20 Explain any two Understand This would require the CO7
applications of IC565. Also learner to recall the concept
list the features of PLL. of PLL and list the features
of PLL.
PART-C SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Illustrate why active filters Understand This would require the CO5
are preferred? learner to recall the concept
of filter and explain active
filters.
2 What is meant by cut off Understand This would require the CO5
frequency of a high pass learner to recall the concept
filter and how it is found of high pass filter and find
out in a first order high pass cut off frequency of a high
filter? pass filter.
3 Define an electronic filter. Remember —- CO1
4 Define pass band and stop Remember —- CO1
band of a filter.
5 Discuss the disadvantages of Understand This would require the CO5
passive filters? learner to recall the concept
of filter and list out the
disadvantages of passive
filters.
6 Define pass band of a filter? Remember —- CO1
7 Define stop band of a filter? Remember —- CO5
8 Draw the circuit diagram of Remember —- CO1
1st order high pass filter?

Page 19
9 What are the important
aspects related to filters?
10 Give the applications of
wideband pass filter?
11 Define figure of merit or Q
factor in terms of
bandwidth?
12 Draw the circuit diagram of
1st order low pass filter?
13 Give the classification of the
filters?
14 What are the modes of
operation of timer?
15 Write the applications of
astable multivibrator using
IC555 timer.
16 What are the features of
IC555 timer?
17 What is a phase locked loop
(PLL)?
18 What are the basic building
blocks of phase locked loop?
Understand This would require the CO5
learner to recall the concept
of filter and list-out
important aspects related to
filters.
Remember —- CO1
Remember —- CO5
Understand This would require the CO5
learner to recall the concept
of filter and draw the circuit
diagram of 1st order low
pass filter.
Remember —- CO6
Understand This would require the CO6
learner to recall the concept
of timers and explain
different modes of operation
of timer.
Understand This would require the CO7
learner to recall the concept
of timers and list out the
different applications of
astable multivibrator using
IC555 timer.
Understand This would require the CO7
learner to recall the concept
of timers and list out the
different features of IC555
timer.
Understand This would require the CO6
learner to recall the concept
of phase locked loop and
explain phase locked loop.
Understand This would require the CO7
learner to recall the concept
of phase locked loop and
explain basic building
blocks of phase locked loop.
Page 20
19 Mention two applications of
PLL in the field of
communications?
20 What are the important
characteristics of a PLL?
DATA CONVERTERS
PART A-PROBLEM SOLVING AND CRITICAL THINKING
1 Calculate basic step of 9 bit
DAC is 10.3 mV. If
000000000 represents 0V,
what output produced if the
input is 101101111.
2 A dual slope ADC uses
a16-bit counter and a 4MHz
clock rate. The maximum
input voltage is+10v. The
maximum integrator output
voltage should be-8v when
the counter has cycled
through 2n counts. The
capacitor used in the
integrator is 0.1 µF Find
the value of the resistor R of
the integrator.
3 A dual slope ADC uses an
18-bit counter with a 5MHz
clock. The maximum
integrator input voltage in
+12V and maximum
integrator output voltage at
2n count is -10V. If
R=100KO, find the size of
the capacitor to be used for
integrator.
Remember —- CO7
Understand
This would require the CO6
learner to recall the concept
of phase locked loop and
list-out important
characteristics of a PLL.
MODULE IV
Apply This would require the CO9
learner to recall the concept
of converter, explain dual
slope ADC and then
estimate the required
output.
Apply This would require the CO8
learner to recall the concept
of converter, explain dual
slope ADC and design the
required circuit with given
specifications.
Apply This would require the CO8
learner to recall the concept
of converter, explain dual
slope ADC and then design
the required circuit with
given specifications.
Page 21
4 Calculate the values of the
LSB, MSB and full-scale
output for an 8-bit DAC for
the 0 to 10V range.
5 How many levels are
possible in a two-bit DAC
what is its resolution if the
output range is 0 to 3V.
6 Calculate what is the
conversion time of a 10-bit
successive approximation
A/D converter if its 6.85V.
7 Find out step size and
analog output for 4-bit
R-2R ladder DAC when
input is 1000 and 1111.
Assume Vref= +5V.
8 An 8-bit ADC outputs all
1’s when Vi=5.1V. Find its
(a) resolution (b)digital
output when Vi=1.28V.
9 A 12-bit DAC has a step
size of 8mV. Determine the
full-scale output voltage and
percentage resolution. Also
find the output voltage for
the input of 010101101101?
10 An 8-bit DAC has
resolution of 20mV/LSB.
Find VoFs and Vo if the
input is (10000000)2.
PART B-LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Explain the working
principle of a Weighted
resistor D/A converter using
neat circuit diagram.
Apply This would require the CO8
learner to recall the concept
of converter, explain DAC
and determine the LSB,
MSB and full-scale output
for an 8-bit DAC.
Understand This would require the CO9
learner to recall the concept
of converter and find the
resolution of the two-bit
DAC.
Apply This would require the CO8
learner to recall the concept
of converter, explain
successive approximation
A/D converter and calculate
the conversion time.
Apply This would require the CO8
learner to recall the concept
of converter, explain R-2R
ladder DAC and find the
step size.
Understand This would require the CO8
learner to recall the concept
of converter and find its
characteristics.
Apply This would require the CO9
learner to recall the concept
of converter, explain 12-bit
DAC and determine the
full-scale output voltage and
percentage resolution.
Apply This would require the CO9
learner to recall the concept
of converter, explain 8-bit
DAC and determine the
full-scale output voltage.
Understand This would require the CO9
learner to explain the
working principle of a
weighted resistor D/A
converter using neat circuit
diagram
Page 22
1 Discuss the successive
approximation A/D
converter and list the
advantages of successive
approximation A/D
converter.
2 Discuss the working
principal of a dual slope
A/D converter with neat
circuit diagram.
3 With neat diagram, explain
the working principle of
inverter R- 2R ladder DAC.
4 Explain the working of a
counter type A/D converter
and state it’s important
feature.
5 Describe the specifications,
advantages and applications
of Digital to Analog
converters.
6 With neat diagram, explain
the working principle of
R-2R ladder type DAC.
7 Discuss the operation of
parallel comparator type
ADC with circuit diagram.
8 Discuss 4-bit weighted
resistor DAC with neat
circuit diagram and list the
advantages.
Understand This would require the CO8
learner to recall the concept
of converter and explain the
successive approximation
A/D converter and then list
the advantages of successive
approximation A/D
converter.
Understand This would require the CO8
learner to recall the concept
of converter and discuss the
working principal of a dual
slope A/D converter.
Understand This would require the CO8
learner to recall the concept
of converter and know the
working principle of inverter
R-2R ladder DAC.
Understand This would require the CO9
learner to recall the concept
of converter and know the
working of a counter type
A/D converter.
Understand This would require the CO9
learner to recall the
specifications and explain
advantages and applications
of digital to analog
converters.
Understand This would require the CO8
learner to recall the concept
of converter and explain
working principle of R-2R
ladder type DAC.
Understand This would require the CO8
learner to recall the concept
of converter and explain the
operation of parallel
comparator type ADC.
Understand This would require the CO8
learner to recall the concept
of converter and explain the
4-bit weighted resistor DAC
and list the advantages.
Page 23
9 Define the following terms
for D/A converters:
resolution, accuracy,
monotonicity and
conversion time.
10 Explain the successive
approximation A/D
converter technique with
the help of block diagram.
11 Explain the successive
approximation A/D
converter technique with
the help of block diagram.
12 Explain the dual slope A/D
converter technique with
the help of block diagram.
13 List out the various
specifications of analog to
digital converter and
explain.
14 Explain the following DAC
techniques. (i)weighted
resistor DAC (ii) R-2R
ladder DAC
15 What is need for data
converters? Also give the
classification.
16 Explain the binary weighted
resistor technique of D/A
conversions.
17 Obtain an expression for the
output voltage of R/2R
digital to analog converter.
Remember —- CO9
Understand This would require the CO9
learner to recall the concept
of converter and explain the
successive approximation
A/D converter technique.
Understand This would require the CO9
learner to recall the concept
of converter and explain the
successive approximation
A/D converter technique.
Understand This would require the CO8
learner to recall the concept
of converter and explain the
dual slope A/D converter
technique.
Understand This would require the CO8
learner to recall the concept
of converter and list-out the
various specifications of
analog to digital converter.
Understand This would require the CO8
learner to recall the concept
of converter and explain the
digital to analog converters.
Understand This would require the CO9
learner to recall the concept
of converter and give the
classification of data
converters.
Understand This would require the CO9
learner to recall the concept
of converter and explain the
binary weighted resistor
technique.
Understand This would require the CO8
learner to recall the concept
of converter and obtain the
of R/2R digital to analog
converter.
Page 24
18 What are the different
source of errors in DACs?
Explain.
19 List the various A/D
conversion techniques.
Explain.
20 Explain the characteristics
of ADC and DAC.
PART C-SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Define conversion time.
2 List out the direct type
ADCs
3 What is integrating type
converter?
4 List out some integrating
type converters.
5 Explain in brief the
principle of operation of
successive Approximation
ADC
6 What are the main
advantages of integrating
type ADCs.
7 What is the main drawback Understand This would require the
of a dual-slop ADC?
8 List the broad classification Remember —-
of ADCs.
9 Define accuracy of converter Remember —-
Understand This would require the CO8
learner to recall the concept
of converter and name
different source of errors in
digital to analog converters.
Understand This would require the CO8
learner to recall the concept
of converter and list out the
various A/D conversion
techniques.
Understand This would require the CO9
learner to recall the concept
of converter and explain the
characteristics of ADC and
DAC.
Remember —- CO1
Remember —- CO1
Understand This would require the CO9
learner to recall the concept
of converter and explain the
integrating type converter.
Remember —- CO8
Understand This would require the CO8
learner to recall the concept
of converter and explain the
principle of operation of the
successive approximation
ADC.
Understand This would require the CO8
learner to recall the concept
of converter and list the
main advantages of
integrating type ADCs.
CO9
learner to recall the concept
of converter and list-out
main drawback of a
dual-slop ADC.
CO9
CO8
Page 25
10 Explain in brief stability of Understand This would require the CO9
a converter learner to recall the concept
of converter and explain
stability of a data converter.
11 Define resolution in DAC. Remember —- CO8
12 List out the direct type Remember —- CO1
ADCs
13 Explain in brief the Understand This would require the CO8
principle of operation of learner to recall the concept
successive approximation of converter and explain
ADC. principle of operation of the
successive approximation
ADC.
14 What is the difference Understand This would require the CO9
between analog to digital learner to recall the concept
and digital to analog of converter and compare
converters? the difference between
analog to digital and digital
to analog converters.
15 Which is the faster ADC Understand This would require the CO9
and why? learner to recall the concept
of converter and explain
about faster ADC.
16 What is the need of data Understand This would require the CO8
converters? learner to recall the concept
of converter and explain the
need of data converters.
17 What is flash type Analog Understand This would require the CO8
to digital converter? learner to recall the concept
of converter and explain the
flash type analog to digital
converter.
18 What are basic conversion Understand This would require the CO9
techniques? learner to recall the concept
of converter and explain the
basic conversion techniques.
19 List the various Remember —- CO9
specifications of ADC?
20 What are the performance Understand This would require the CO8
parameters of DAC? learner to recall the concept
of converter and explain the
performance parameters of
DAC.

Page 26

DIGITAL IC APPLICATIONS
PART A-PROBLEM SOLVING AND CRITICAL THINKING
1 Implement the following
function with 8: 1 MUX
(74XX151) and two 4X1
MUX. F(W,X,Y,Z) = m
(2,4,6,7,10,11,12,13,14)
2 Implement an 8-bit adder
using two 4-bit parallel
adders IC74283.
3 Implement 4 to 16 decoder
using two 74X138 decoders.
4 Realize the following
expression using 74X151 ICs
and 74X139 IC
F(Z)=A1BCD + AB1CD +
ABC1D + A1BDE +
ACDE1 + AB1CE +
ABCD1
5 Implement 4 bit up/down
ripple counter with a control
for up/down counting.
6 Determine fmax for 4-bit
synchronous counter if tpd
for each flip flop is 50 ns
and tpd for each AND gate
is 20 ns. Compare this with
fmax for a MOD-16 ripple
counter.
MODULE V
Understand This would require the CO10
learner to recall the concept
of multiplexer and
implement the 8: 1MUX
circuit.
Apply This would require the CO9
learner to recall the concept
of adder and explain 4-bit
parallel adders and design
an 8-bit adder using two
4-bit parallel adders
IC74283.
Understand This would require the CO9
learner to recall the concept
of decoder and explain 4 to
16 decoder and design 4 to
16 decoder using two
74X138 decoders.
Understand This would require the CO10
learner to recall the concept
of decoder and realize the
74X151 ICs circuit with the
given expression.
Apply This would require the CO11
learner to recall the concept
of counter, explain 4 bit
up/down ripple counter and
design 4 bit up/down ripple
counter with a control for
up/down counting.
Understand This would require the CO10
learner to recall the concept
of counter and determine
fmax for 4-bit synchronous
counter.
Page 27
7 Implement divide by 20 Apply This would require the CO10
counter using IC 7490 and learner to recall the concept
also draw the internal of counter and explain the
architecture of IC 7490. internal architecture of IC
7490 and design divide by
20 counter using IC7490.
8 Explain any two Understand This would require the CO12
applications of counters in learner to recall the concept
detail. of counter and explain any
two applications of counters.
9 Draw the timing diagrams Apply This would require the CO10
at the output of each flip learner to recall the concept
flop if each flip flop has of flip-flop, explain flip flop
propagation delay of 20 ns. propagation delay and draw
the timing diagrams at the
output of each flip flop.
10 Implement the following Apply This would require the CO11
function with 8: 1 MUX learner to recall the concept
(74XX151) and two 4X1 of MUX, explain 8: 1 MUX
MUX. F (W, X, Y, Z) = m 74XX151 and two 4X1
(2,4,6,7,10,11,12,13,14) MUX and implement with
the given expression.
PART-B LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Compare CMOS, TTL and Understand This would require the CO10
ECL with reference to logic learner to recall the
levels, DC noise margin, concepts of logic families
propagation delay and and compare different logic
fan-out. families with different
characteristics.
2 Discuss the following terms Analyze This would require the CO10
with reference to CMOS learner to recall the concept
logic. i. Logic Levels ii. of logic families and explain
Noise margin iii. Power different characteristics of
supply rails Propagation CMOS logic.
delay
3 Implement BCD to 7 Understand This would require the CO11
segment display decoder learner to recall the concept
using common cathode of decoder and implement
using 4:16 decoder. BCD to 7 segment display
decoder using common
cathode using 4:16 decoder.

Page 28
4 Explain the operation of
priority encoder IC
74XX148 using pin diagram
and truth table.
5 Design 32X1 multiplexer
using four 74X151
multiplexers and one
74X139 decoder.
6 Explain 4-bit binary parallel
adder IC 74LS83/74LS283
with logic diagram.
7 Explain the working of
Master Slave flip JK flop
using diagram.
8 Explain the working of
clocked T flip flop.
9 Construct a JK flip flop
using a D flip flop.
10 Design 16-bit adder using
two 7483 ICs.
Analyze This would require the CO11
learner to recall the concept
encoder and understand the
operation of priority
encoder and design priority
encoder using IC 74XX148 .
Understand This would require the CO11
learner to recall the concept
of multiplexer and
understand 32x1
multiplexer and design
32X1 multiplexer using four
74X151 multiplexers and
one 74X139 decoder.
Apply This would require the CO10
learner to recall the concept
of adder and explain 4-bit
binary parallel adder IC
74LS83/74LS283 with logic
diagram.
Understand This would require the CO10
learner to recall the
concepts of JK flip-flop and
explain the working of
Master Slave flip JK flop.
Understand This would require the CO11
learner to recall the concept
of Recall the types of
flip-flop and explain the
working of clocked T flip
flop.
Analyze This would require the CO11
learner to recall the concept
of Recall the types of
flip-flop and construct JK
flip flop using D flip flop.
Understand This would require the CO11
learner to recall the concept
of adder, understand the
adder based on number of
bits and design 16-bit adder
using two 7483 ICs.
Page 29
11 Compare synchronous
counters and asynchronous
counters.
12 Draw and explain the
operation 4-bit
asynchronous down counter
with timing diagrams.
13 Explain and design
asynchronous MOD 10
(decade) counter.
14 Explain the operation of
universal shift register using
IC 74194 with logic
diagram.
15 Explain the operation ring
counter using truth table
and timing diagrams.
16 Design a 4-bit, 4 state ring
counter using 74X194 with
neat timing diagrams.
17 Explain the following terms:
Power dissipation (b)
propagation delay (c) noise
margin
18 Explain the operation of
decade counter using IC
74190 with logic diagram.
Understand This would require the CO11
learner to recall the concept
of counters and compare
synchronous and
asynchronous counters.
Understand This would require the CO11
learner to recall the concept
of counters and explain the
operation 4-bit
asynchronous down counter
with timing diagrams.
Remember This would require the CO10
learner to recall the concept
of counters understand the
classification and design
MOD10 asynchronous
counter.
Understand This would require the CO10
learner to recall the concept
of register and explain the
universal shift register using
IC 74194 with logic diagram
Understand This would require the CO11
learner to recall the concept
of counter and explain the
truth table and timing
diagram of it.
Understand This would require the CO11
learner to recall the concept
of counter and explain the
operation of ring counter
using 74X194.
Understand This would require the CO11
learner to recall the concept
of logic families and explain
some of the characteristics
of logic families.
Understand This would require the CO11
learner to recall the concept
of counters and explain the
operation of decade counter
using IC 74190 with logic
diagram.
Page 30
19 Explain the operation of
synchronous counters using
IC 7493 and IC74163 with
logic diagram.
20 Compare all the digital logic
families with their
characteristics.
PART-C SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1 Name the three types of
TTL gate.
2 Define noise margin of a
logic family.
3 Define combinational
circuit.
4 Define sequential circuit.
5 Give the differences between Remember —-
combinational design and
sequential design.
6 Compare latch and flip flop. Understand This would require the
7 Sketch the 1 X 2
demultiplexer.
8 Define counter.
9 Describe the differences
between synchronous
counters and asynchronous
counters.
10 Explain Johnson counter.
Apply This would require the CO12
learner to recall the concept
of counters and explain the
operation of synchronous
counters using IC 7493 and
IC74163 with logic diagram.
Apply This would require the CO12
learner to recall the concept
of logic families and
compare the characteristics
of it.
Remember —- CO10
Remember —- CO10
Remember —- CO11
Remember —- CO11
CO11
CO10
learner to recall the concept
of latch and flip flop and
compare the differences
between latch and flip-flop.
Understand This would require the CO10
learner to recall the concept
of demultiplexer and sketch
the 1 X 2 demultiplexer.
Remember —- CO11
Understand This would require the CO11
learner to recall the concept
of counters and explain the
differences between
synchronous and
asynchronous counters.
Understand This would require the CO11
learner to recall the concept
of counter and explain
Johnson counter.
Page 31
 11 What is ring counter. Understand This would require the CO10
learner to recall the concept
of counter and explain the
ring counter.
12 Define priority encoder. Remember —- CO11
13 How many select lines are Understand This would require the CO11
needed to construct 16 X 1 learner to recall the concept
mux. of MUX and find the
number of select lines is
needed to construct 16 X 1
multiplexer.
14 What is race around Understand This would require the CO11
condition? learner to recall the concept
of flip-flop and describe
about race around
condition.
15 How many flip flops are Understand This would require the CO10
required to construct learner to recall the concept
Mod-12 counter? of counter and realize
Mod-12 counter using flip
flops.
16 What is universal shift Understand This would require the CO10
register? learner to recall the concept
of register and explain
universal shift register.
17 Explain about shift Understand This would require the CO11
registers? learner to recall the concept
of register and explain shift
register.
18 Draw the circuit diagram Remember —- CO10
for diode transistor logic.
19 List the characteristics of Remember —- CO10
digital logic families?
20 Define the following: fan-in Remember —- CO11
and fan-out.

Course Coordinator: HOD ECE

Mr. J Siva Ramakrishna, Assistant professor

Page 32