TUTORIAL FOR BUILDING DEMOLITION

1. Outline the available provision for safety demolition process.

Demolition work involves many of the same hazards that arise during other construction activities.
however, demolition also involves additional hazards due to a variety of other factors. Some of these
include: leadbased paint, sharp or protruding objects and asbestoscontaining material.

According to the OSHA, these are the provision provided during the demolition process :-

• Brace or shore up the walls and floors of structures which have been damaged and which
employees must enter.

• Inspect personal protective equipment (PPE) before use.

• Select, wear and use appropriate PPE for the task.

• Inspect all stairs, passageways, and ladders; illuminate all stairways.

• Shut off or cap all electric, gas, water, steam, sewer, and other service lines; notify appropriate
utility companies.

• Guard wall openings to a height of 42 inches; cover and secure floor openings with material able to
withstand the loads likely to be imposed.

• Floor openings used for material disposal must not be more than 25% of the total floor area.

• Use enclosed chutes with gates on the discharge end to drop demolition material to the ground or
into debris containers.

• Demolition of exterior walls and floors must begin at the top of the structure and proceed
downward.

• Structural or load-supporting members on any floor must not be cut or removed until all stories
above that floor have been removed.

• All roof cornices or other ornamental stonework must be removed prior to pulling walls down.

• Employees must not be permitted to work where structural collapse hazards exist until they are
corrected by shoring, bracing, or other effective means.
2. List 5 types of demolition techniques. support it with available pictures online.

1. Total Demolition - As the name suggests this involves the demolition of an entire structure.
This is mostly applied to the re-structure of a building. There are different methods to carry
this type of demolition each of them is given below.
a. Implosion Demolition - It's a type of demolition in which things are demolished by
falling on top of each other. This approach uses explosives to bring down tall
structures by weakening structural supports, causing the structure to fall within their
footprint or along a predefined path. There are two forms of implosion depending
on how the structure falls: a) falling like a tree and b) falling into its footprint.
Instead of exploding outwards, the force of the explosion is aimed at vital support
points, which are immediately weakened, causing the building's weight to become
unstable. It comes crashing down in a controlled manner. (Figure 1.0 Implosion
Demolition)

Figure 1.0. Implosion Demolition

b. Chemical demolition – This method involves the use of concrete demolition powder,
concrete breaking chemical, and concrete cracking chemical you can quickly and
safely bring down large structures. This advanced concrete cracking agent has
expansive power that demolishes even massive buildings with minimum effort and
time. The concrete breaking powder is non-explosive and soundless. Chemical
demolition without the use of explosives works safely and can be more cost-
effective. There is no lengthy permitting process required, as opposed to blasting.
The remainder of the structure is safe from vibration, and certain areas of valuable
stone can be preserved. (Shown in Figure2.0).
 Figure 2.0. Chemical Demolition

c. Controlled demolition – It is a demolition method that involves taking down

buildings and structures in a safe, guided manner in order to achieve the best timely
results. Most structures can’t be taken down in a day, so when things are in the
process of being demolished, a building must be taken down in sections to ensure
that the remains are as stable as possible. Controlled demolition can be used for tall
buildings, bridges, chimney stacks and cooling towers This type of demolition is done
by diamond drilling and hydraulic concrete crunching. (Figure 3.0 Controlled
Demolition in process)

Figure 3.0. Controlled Demolition

 d. Mechanical demolition – this method involves the use of specialized mechanical
equipment and tools. These equipment include hydraulic excavators equipped with
specialized attachments that can break concrete and steel to demolish the structure
apart. The building with a greater height up to (6-7 story) cannot be demolished
with the help of excavators or bulldozers (Figure 4.0). In such cases, cranes with
wrecking balls are used to perform the demolition activity. The wrecking ball crack is
attached with a huge steel ball hanging from a steel rope. The steel ball is pulled and
released towards the building. High-reach arm machines can be used for projects of
20 meters. The arm is telescopic and has demolition tools attached at the end;
shear, hammer or crushers. This type of demolition is more precise than the crane
and ball because specific demolition tools can be used on different building
materials like steel or concrete.

Figure 4.0. Mechanical Demolition

2. Selective demolition - This type of demolition includes removing specific parts of a building
(Figure 5.0). Some old buildings stand the test of time and others don’t. This method
involves the removal of specific interior portions while protecting the remaining structure
and exterior portions of a building protecting nearby structures and areas. For interior
demolition, sledge hammers are used and for exterior demolition excavators, bulldozers or
skid steers loaders are used.
 Figure 5.0. Selective Demolition

3. Interior demolition - This type of demolition involves the removal of specific interior
buildings The method will vary based on whether you want to remove one or multiple
sections from the buildings. This usually includes removal of walls, ceilings, pipes, etc.
(Figure 6.0).

Figure 6.0. Interior Demolition

4. Strip-out demolition - This method involves the careful dismantlement or deconstruction of
a building or structure to preserve parts for reuse, refurbishment or recycling. In this type,
careful dismantlement or deconstruction of a structure is done to preserve components for
reuse. (Shown in Figure 7.0).

Figure 7.0. Strip-out Demolition