oTar qvriviSvili

qarTuli kulturis
narkvevebi

gamomcemloba `nekeri~
2016
 winamdebare wignSi Sekrebilia fragmentebi sxva­
dasxva dros wakiTxuli leqciebidan. isini erTmaneTis­
gan damoukidebel Tematikas exebian da qarTuli kul­
turis gansxvavebul aspeqtebs warmoaCenen. wignSi aseve
Sesulia sami gamokvleva, romlebic adre gamoqveynebu­
li iyo krebulSi, saerTo saTauriT, `graalis motivebi
saqar­TveloSi.~

dakabadoneba da ydis dizaini giorgi bagrationisa

saavtoro ufleba © oTar qvriviSvili, 2016

yvela ufleba daculia

pirveli qarTuli gamocema, 2016

gamomcemloba `nekeri~, 2016

ISBN 978-9941-457-46-3
 s a rCe v i

`qarTlis moqcevis~ wanamZRvrebi .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

dakarguli fesvebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
varskvlavuri xe .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
TxoTis gamocxadeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
elias xaleni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
uflis kvarTi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

graalis motivebi saqarTveloSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

graalis istoriuli paralelebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
iaspi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

qarTuli asomTavruli anbanis zodiaquri niSnebi . . . . . 114

saymawvilo saxadebi _ batonebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

sacxovreblis formis evolucia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

saxli da substanciebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

samSeneblo masalebi .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
xis saxli, atmosferuli jvari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
mineraluri jvari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
adamiani da elementaruli samyaro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
rkina-betonis Seqmna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

`netar iyvnen glaxakni suliTa~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

saqarTvelos biografiuli Taviseburebebi .. . . . . . . . . 266

tradiciebi da Tanamedroveoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

_3_
 ` qa r T l i s moq ce v i s ~ wa namZRvreb i

dakarguli fesvebi

mas Semdeg, rac IV saukuneSi qristianoba bizantiis

imperiis saxelmwifoebriv religiad Camoyalibda, imperi­
isTvisac da misi gavlenis qveS myofi regionebisTvisac
am faqtma ara mxolod religiuri, aramed politikuri
mniSvnelobac SeiZina.
imperia aqtiurad eswrafvoda qristianobis im teri­
toriebze damkvidrebas, sadac misi Zalaufleba vrcel­
deboda. qristianobis zeerovnuli, zogadsakacobrio
xasiaTi efeqtur saSualebad iqca imperiis kidev erTi
gamaerTianebeli faqtoris Sesaqmnelad.
xalxebi, romlebic imperiisgan met-naklebi damo­uki­
deblobis SenarCunebas isaxavdnen miznad, am ga­re­moebaSi
garkveul gzebs eZebdnen. qristianobis Ziri­ Tadi, aRi­
arebuli principebidan gadaxveva, cxadia, mwva­leblobad
aRiqmeboda da danarCen qristianul sam­ yarosTan mZafr
dapirispirebas iwvevda. yvela xalxi Tav-Tavis specifi­
kur gzas eZebda imperiaSi gaTqvefisgan Tavis dasacavad.
somxebma bizantiasTan mkveTri ideologiuri dapi­
rispirebis gza airCies. isini daupirispirdnen bizantiur
diofizitur qristianobas da TavianT saxelmwifo re­
ligiad monofizituri qristianoba gamoacxades. es
faqti ukve TavisTavad gulisxmobda bizantiis ekle­
siisgan damoukideblobas. bizantiisgan somxeTis sar­
wmunoebriv gandgomas sparseTic aqtiurad uWerda
mxars. monofizitobis mimarT igi loialuri iyo.
Tavis mxriv, somxeTmac isargebla am mxardaWeriT da

_5_
ramdenadac politikurad isedac sparseTis gavlenis qveS
imyofeboda, sarwmunoebrivi damoukideblobis gza airCia
_ igi bizantiisgan politikuradac da ideologiuradac
gamijnuli aRmoCnda.
somxuri eklesia energiulad cdilobda qarTvelTa
gadabirebasac, magram saqarTvelos eklesiis moZRvrebma
gansxvavebuli gza airCies. maT, marTalia, mxari bi­
zantiur diofizitur qristianobas dauWires, magram mis
farglebSi Seecadnen qristianuli cxovrebis is forma
moeZebnaT, romelic, erTi mxriv, srul SesabamisobaSi
iqneboda imxanad Camoyalibebul dogmatTan da, meore
mxriv, konkretulad qarTvelTaTvis damaxasiaTebel
imgvar Taviseburebebsac warmoaCenda, ris safuZvelzec
maT SeeZloT TavianTi eklesia bizantiurisgan gan­
sxvavebulad warmoedginaT.
qarTlis gansxvavebuli gzis gamo mis eklesiasa da
somxur eklesias Soris 607-608 wlebSi saboloo gan­
xeTqileba moxda. qarTulma da somxurma eklesiebma sxva­
dasxva gziT SeinarCunes TviTmyofadoba.
qristianul msoflmxedvelobaSi qarTvelma moZRvreb­
ma wina planze wamoswies is siwmindeebi, romlebic orga­
nulad iyo dakavSirebuli saqarTvelosTan da am gziT
Camoayalibes is saRvTismetyvelo koncefcia, romelic
safuZvlad daedo saqarTveloSi danergil religiur
cxovrebas, ramac gansazRvra kidec saqarTveloSi ganvi­
Tarebuli qristianobis specifikuri saxe. cxadia, es ar
iyo advili gza.
`qarTlis moqcevis~ teqstis da saqarTvelos eklesiis
istoriis Seswavla naTlad adasturebs, rom saqarTvelos
sulierma moZRvrebma es amocana warmatebiT Seasrules.
rogorc Cans, `qarTlis moqcevaSi~ ganviTarebuli
kon­cefcia qarTlis gaqristianebis dasawyisSive Camo­
yalibda. dReisTvis Znelia dabejiTebiT Tqma, Tu ra
saxiT arsebobda igi IV saukuneSi. werilobiTi masala,

_6_
romelic dRemdea SemorCenili, daaxloebiT IX saukuneSia
gadawerili. radgan `qarTlis moqcevis~ Semadgeneli
calkeuli Tavebi pirvel pirSia dawerili da mas wminda
nino da misi Tanamedrove pirovnebebi yvebian, ar arsebobs
safuZveli, maT sandoobaSi eWvi SevitanoT. `qarTlis
moqcevis~ teqstis im saxiT formireba, ra saxiTac igi
dResac arsebobs, IV saukunidan IX saukunemde nebismier
periodSi SeiZleba momxdariyo. IX saukunis Semdegac am
teqstis axleburi versiebi ramdenjerme daiwera. amitom
ar aris gamoricxuli, rom garkveuli cvlilebebi man
manamdec ganicada.
`qarTlis moqcevis~ ZiriTadi koncefcia qarTl­ Si
danergili qristianuli cxovrebis formis Tavisebu­
rebebis gansazRvras gulisxmobs.
qarTuli eklesiis wiaRSi SemuSavebuli koncefcia
misi erovnuli TavisTavadobisa da zogadqristianul
mdinarebaSi TavianTi gansakuTrebuli misiis Sesaxeb,
savaraudod, ukve IV saukuneSive iwyebs Camoyalibebas. misi
safuZvlebi qarTlis gaqristianebis dasawyisSive wminda
ninos garemoSi unda warmoSobiliyo. yovel SemTxvevaSi,
TiTqmis yvela motivi, rac am koncefcias ukavSirdeba,
met-naklebi sicxadiT ukve im teqstebSia mocemuli,
romlebic wminda ninos, mirian mefes, sidonias da sxva
maT Tanamedrove pirovnebebs miewerebaT.
Semdgom saukuneebSi es motivebi Sinaarsobrivad aRar
Secvlila, Tumca bevri maTgani gadmocemis TvalsazrisiT
daixvewa, ufro naTeli formiT warmoCinda. zogierTi
aqcenti ufro gaZlierda.
IV-XII saukuneebSi saqarTvelos istoria Zalze
rTu­ li da araerTgvarovani gziT ganviTarda. xSirad
arabi, sparseli da Turquli tomebis agresiisgan
Tavis dasacavad mas erTmorwmune bizantiis daxmareba
esaWiroeboda, magram iseTi Jamic xSirad damdgara,
roca Tavad bizantia maTze met agresias amJRavnebda

_7_
qarTuli samefos mimarT. es istoriuli garemoebebic
ki xSirad did gavlenas axdenda qarTvelTa qristianuli
TviTmyofadobis ZiriTad koncefciaze. zogierTi
istoriuli faqtis interpretacia swored am garemoebaTa
mixedviT xdeboda. magaliTad, XI saukuneSi saqarTvelosa
da bizantias Soris urTierToba mkveTrad daiZaba.
bizantiis keisari Tavis pretenzias saqarTvelos saero
da sasuliero cxovrebis yvela sferoze acxadebda. iq
mZevlad unda yofiliyo qarTlis mefis ufliswuli, mas
unda ekurTxebina mefed, missave eklesias unda daeniSna
qarTlis eklesiis meTaurebi.
aseT politikur viTarebaSi saqarTveloSi miiRes
ga­dawyvetileba, `gadaexedaT~ `qarTlis moqcevis~ teq­-
s­tis­Tvis da iqidan is motivebi amoeRoT, romlebic raime
sa­babs miscemda bizantielebs, raTa qarTlis mimarT
amgvari pretenziebi hqonodaT.
`qarTlis moqcevis~ es axali redaqcia leonti
mrovelma Seadgina. man qarTvelTa mefeebis kurTxevis
sakiTxSi berZenTa damsaxurebebi negatiurad warmoaCina
da, piriqiT, sparselTa damsaxurebaze gaakeTa aqcenti.
Tu pirveladi teqstis mixedviT makedonelma aqtiuri
monawileoba miiRo qarTlis samefos dafuZnebasa da aq
samefo dinastiis Camoyalibebis saqmeSi, amjerad leonti
mrovelma igive istoriaSi berZnuli mxare mtrul Zalad
gamoacxada. am versiis mixedviT Zv. w. IV saukuneSi
qarTvelebs berZenTagan damoukidebloba sxvadasxva kav­
kasieli xalxebis gaerTianebiTa da sparselTa daxmarebiT
moupovebiaT. mrovelis es koncefcia im periodisTvis
Zalze momgebiani iyo politikuri TvalsazrisiT. man
kavkasieli xalxebis erTianobasa da bizantiis mimarT
dapirispirebaze gaakeTa aqcenti. es istoriuli epizodi
erT-erTi fragmentia saqarTvelos saero da sasuliero
TviTmyofadobisaTvis brZolis gzaze.
saRvTismetyvelo TvalsazrisiT, `qarTlis moq­

_8_
cevis~ pirveladma koncefciam Tavis kulminacias
Tamaris epoqaSi miaRwia. werilobiTi saxiT es axali
`redaqcia~ Tamaris Tanamedrove moRvawes, qarTlis
yofil patriarqs nikoloz I gulaberiZes ekuTvnis.
mis mier daweril `sveticxovlis sakiTxavSi~ `qarTlis
moqcevis~ saRvTismetyvelo motivebi axleburi formiTaa
gadmocemuli.
nikoloz gulaberiZis teqsti `qarTlis moqcevis~
erTgvar komentars, interpretacias warmoadgens.
qarTlis patriarqi qarTvelTa sarwmunoebriv Tavi­
seburebebs urTulesi saRvTismetyvelo koncefciis
for­miT ganixilavs.
dReisTvis ar aris cnobili, qarTuli monastrebis
wiaRSi ra saxiT arsebobda es koncefcia, magram aseTi Ria
saxiT sxva teqstebSi igi manamde ar yofila gadmocemuli.
nikoloz gulaberiZe Seecada zusti formulirebebi
moeZebna yvela im ZiriTadi debulebisTvis, rac safuZv­
lad daedo saqarTvelos qristianuli cxovrebis Ta­
viseburebebis gamomxatvel im istorias, romelic manamde
mravali saukunis manZilze arsebobda da sxvadasxva
redaqciebiT iyo cnobili. amave dros, qarTlis patriarqi
Seecada, misi naazrevi srul SesabamisobaSi yofiliyo
sayovelTaod aRiarebul qristianul dogmatTan.
qarTlis patriarqis saRvTismetyvelo komentari
saqarTveloSi qristianul cxovrebas mravalwaxnagovnad
warmoaCens. nikoloz I-ma SeZlo saocrad lakoniuri
formulirebebis moZebna im sakiTxebis gadmosacemad, rac
Zvelad ufro simboluri suraT-xatebiT gamoisaxeboda.
magaliTad, qristianobis erT-erTi umTavresi qvakuT­
xedis – samebis dogmatis `mibaZviT~ man aseve samsaxovnad
warmoadgina saqarTvelos qristianuli cxovrebis Tavi­
seburebebis gamomsaxveli koncefciis ZiriTadi debuleba:
`samTa nivTTa sam saxeTa, samebisa gamomsaxvelTa:
eklesiasa, kuarTsa da suetsa cxovelsa, erTobiT vadi­

_9_
debdeT, viTarca samebasa erT RuTaebad. aRviarebT sam
naTelTa erTobiT: mamasa Zesa sulsa, ganuyofelad da
Seurwyumelad msasoebelni mermisa cxovrebisani~.1
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom swored es erTi SexedviT sa­
ocrad sada da lakoniuri debuleba warmoadgens im
saRvTismetyvelo koncefciis centralur qvakuTxeds,
romelic zogadsakacobrio qristianuli eklesiis far­
glebSi saqarTvelos sulier TviTmyofadobas gansaz­
Rvravs.
qarTlis patriarqma saocrad Rrma sulier safexurze
erTmaneTTan daakavSira qristianuli eklesia, uflis
kvarTi da mcxeTaSi mis daflvis adgilas aRmarTuli
sveticxoveli.
ese igi, saqarTvelos qristianuli eklesiis TviT­
myofadobis arsSi CawvdomisTvis aucilebeli pirobaa,
rom ganuyoflad iqnas gacnobierebuli eklesiis, uflis
kvarTisa da sveticxovlis sulieri mniSvnelobebi.
samebis hipostazTa msgavsad, am samebis wevrebsac
sruliad damoukidebeli mniSvnelobebi aqvT da amave
dros erTobaSic SesaZlebelia misi moazreba. nikoloz
patriarqis samebaSi Semadgenel wevrTa Tanmimdevrobasac
uaRresad didi mniSvneloba eniWeba. maTi ganlageba
srul simetrias qmnis mamis, Zis da suliwmidis saxiT
warmodgenil samebasTan mimarTebaSi. ese igi, eklesias
Seesabameba mamis principi, uflis kvarTs _ Zis, xolo svets
_ suliwmidis. es Sesatyvisobac Zalze mniSvnelovania.
nikoloz patriarqi saswaulebriv svets, miuxedavad
imisa, rom mas uaRresad farTo zogadsakacobrio da
zogadqristianuli mniSvnelobiT warmoadgens, mainc
gamorCeulad qarTvel erTan akavSirebs:
`saswauli sakvirelTa, sueti saso da zRude qar­
TvelTa naTesavisa, romeli uxilead Cuen Soris uxilavad
mdgomare ars, ese bevreulTa xelTa tvirTvisa urC eqmna,
xolo Tvinier xelTa kacobrivTa amaRlda da kualad

_ 10 _
STamosruli Soris cisa da queynisa mdgomare ars da
samaradisod scavs amas samefosa~.2
nikoloz gulaberiZe mcxeTaSi aRmarTuli svetis
istorias uZvelesi epoqidan momdinared warmogvidgens:
`gixaroden, sueto Tana mzraxvelo da mesaidumleo
didisa RuTis-metyuelisa moseso! gixaroden, winamZRuaro
da Tana mogzauro israelTao. gixaroden, axlisa sjulisa
momaswavebelo, Tabors da iordanes msaxur qmnilo Zisa
RuTisao! gixaroden, naTelo naTlisa mwamebelo Zed
sayuarelad! gixaroden, mamaTa moRuaweTa udabnoisaTa
da wmidaTa moRuaweTa sasoebao, Jamad Jamad saxilavo
brwyinvaleo! gixaroden, mzeebrTa oqrois saxeTa SuqTa
gulsa morwmuneTasa isrebr msrolelo! gixaroden, sions
mociqulTa zeda aTormet nawilad, enad cecxlisad
gardamoelvebulo! gixaroden, ufroisad yovlad wmidisa
RuTis mSobelisa msaxebelo~.3
ese igi, saswaulebrivi sveti maradiuladaa dakav­
Sirebuli qarTvel xalxTan da rogorc gveuwyeba, igi,
erTi mxriv, suliwmidis, xolo, meore mxriv, RvTismSoblis
`msaxebelic~ yofila.
rogorc vxedavT, sveticxovlis am daxasiaTebaSi
igi grandiozul masStabSia warmodgenili. es aris
istoriis manZilze suliwmidis gamovlenis sxvadasxva
safexuri. faqtobrivad, es aris suliwmidis sxvadasxva
aspeqtSi daxasiaTeba, romelTagan qarTveli erisTvis
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba mis gamovlenas
RvTismSobelSi, romelic Tavis mxriv am eris mfarvelia.
swored es aris nikoloz kaTalikosis mier warmodgenili
saRvTismetyvelo koncefciis erT-erTi centraluri
motivi: mcxeTaSi saswaulebrivi svetis aRmarTebiT aq
RvTismSoblis sulieri impulsi gamovlinda _ cocxali
sveti Tavad ganasaxierebs RvTismSobels.
`qarTlis moqceva~ da misi redaqtirebiT Seqmnili
sxva teqstebi mudam yuradRebis centrSi iyo da

_ 11 _
faqtobrivad, saqarTvelos sulieri cxovrebis mTavar
orientirs warmoadgenda, magram dReisTvis ar gagvaCnia
werilobiTi dasabuTeba imisa, Tu rogor Sexvdnen
saqarTvelos sasuliero wreebSi nokoloz I kaTalikosis
saRvTismetyvelo komentars.
am teqstis Seqmnidan mcire xanSi saqarTvelos
kulturis oqros xana damTavrda. saqarTveloSi mon­
Rolebi movidnen. daiwyo xangrZlivi krizisis periodi.
jalaledinisa da Temur lengis laSqrobebis Semdeg
saqarTvelos mdgomareoba imdenad krizisuli Seiqmna,
rom qristianuli samyarodan mosul yovel Sewevnas
misTvis sasicocxlo mniSvneloba hqonda. qristianul
samyaroSi sakuTari eklesiis TviTmyofadobisTvis
brZola ukve naklebad aqtualuri unda yofiliyo.
cota mogvianebiT, umTavresi qristianuli centrebis
didi nawili da Tavad bizantiis imperiac msoflios
rukidan gaqra. saqarTvelo islamuri samyaros gare­
mocvaSi aRmoCnda. qristianul samyarosTan nebismierma
kavSirma sasicocxlo mniSvneloba SeiZina. nomer pirvel
amocanad eris fizikuri arsebobis da religiuri
mrwamsis SenarCuneba iqca. qarTvel mefeebs xSirad
uwevdaT kompromisebze wasvla. zogjer piradi, Tu
saxelmwifoebrivi interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT, isini
mahmadianobis miRebazec ver ambobdnen uars. saqarTvelos
istoriaSi iseTi periodebic yofila, roca saqarTvelos
xelisufalni mzad iyvnen mniSvnelovan daTmobebze
wasuliyvnen kaTolikuri eklesiis mimarTac, Tuki romis
papi SeZlebda dasavleTis qveynebi daerwmunebina, rom maT
saqarTvelosTvis moZalebul mahmadianur samyarosgan
Tavis dasacavad daxmareba gaewiaT.
aseT mZime pirobebSi, cxadia, saqarTvelos eklesiis
danarCen saqristianosgan gansxvavebisa da TviTmyofadobis
damadasturebelma koncefciam mniSvnelovnad dakarga
aqtualoba.

_ 12 _
 XVIII saukunis bolos saqarTvelos mmarTvel wreebSi
axali imedi Caisaxa erTmorwmune ruseTis saxiT. amgvari
kavSirebis mcdelobebi adrec iyo, magram amjerad
SesaZlo mfarvelobam ufro realuri saxe miiRo.
im droisTvis msoflios rukaze ruseTi ukve axali
imperia iyo da, bunebrivia, masac Tavisi imperiuli
interesebi hqonda. ruseTTan SeerTebisas saqarTvelo
imdenad iyo dauZlurebuli, rom realurad veRar gauwia
winaaRmdegoba veRarc saero da veRarc sasuliero
TviTmyofadobis gauqmebas. qarTvelTa saprotesto talRa
ruseTma Zalismieri meTodebiT Caaqro da, faqtobrivad,
saqarTvelom srulad dakarga damoukidebloba rogorc
saero, aseve saeklesio sferoSi. saqarTvelos eklesia
rusuli eklesiis nawilad iqca.
SesaZloa im periodSi Zalze aqtualuric ki unda
yofiliyo sakuTar religiur fesvebze dabrunebis
mcdeloba, magram sruliad aSkaraa, rom saqarTvelos
sasuliero wreebSi amis resursi ukve aRar arsebobda.
ruseTis imperiis taxtis ryevis gamo XX saukunis
dasawyisSi erTgvari gamococxleba aRiniSna. aqtiurad
daiwyo brZola qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis
avtokefaliis aRdgenis moTxovniT. Tavad eklesiis
SigniTac gabedulad Camohkres zarebs.
mniSvnelovan movlenad SeiZleba CaiTvalos 1908
wels TbilisSi nikoloz I kaTalikosis zemoT naxsenebi
naSromis gamocema. maSin es teqsti sruliad miviwyebuli
iyo. wigni gamoica platon ioselianis qvrivis annas
dafinansebiT. misi gamomcemeli da redaqtori mRvdeli
vasil karbelaSvili iyo.
SemdgomSi movlenebi kvlav tragikulad ganviTarda.
sabWoTa kavSiris periodSi, cxadia, SeuZlebeli iyo
saqarTvelos sulieri fesvebis Ziebis mimarTulebiT
raime seriozuli kvlevebi gamoqveynebuliyo.
sabWoTa reJimis Sesustebisa da saqarTvelos damo­

_ 13 _
ukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg am sferoSi SezRudvebi
moixsna. saqarTvelos istoriis bevri movlena axleburi
kuTxiT daisva.
sulieri sakiTxebis kvlevisas Zalze Znelia zomieri
sazRvrebis dacva. xSirad fantazias Zalze didi asparezi
eTmoba. Tumca, esec bunebrivia da unda imedi viqonioT,
rom adre, Tu gvian, qarTuli erovnuli cnobiereba
SeZlebs obieqturad aRadginos kavSiri Tavis istoriul
sulier fesvebTan. es xangrZlivi procesia da Sromis
garda, did moTminebasac moiTxovs.

varskvlavuri xe

mkvlevarTa mier didi xania SemCneulia, rom qarTul

kulturaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia samoTxiseuli
wminda xis Tematikas. es bibliuri motivi Zalze mra­
valferovani saxiTaa damuSavebuli.
saswaulebrivi xeebis Tema Zalze farTodaa warmod­
genili `qarTlis moqcevaSic~.
jer kidev mcxeTaSi Sesvlamde wminda nino brinjis
(akakis) xeze gamosaxavs jvars da masze loculobs.
Semdeg, wminda nino mcxeTaSi Sesvlisas samoTxed
wodebul samefo baRSi damkvidrdeba, sadac mas ramdenime
gamocxadeba aqvs:
`da maTve dReTa Sina orgzis da samgzis vixile
Cuenebasa Sina mciredsa mas mirulebasa Cemsa muxlTa
zeda: movidian mfrinvelni cisani, STavidian mdinaresa,
daibannian da movidian samoTxesa mas, da babilosa mas
moisTulebdian da yuavilsa mas Zovdian, da mowled
Cemdamo RaRadebed, reca Cemi ars samoTxe igi, gare
momadgian JRaviliT da xmobed Cemda momarT~.4
am SemTxvevaSi Zalze mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom

_ 14 _
wminda ninos misive xilvis Sinaarss mcxeTeli qali,
abiaTaris asuli uxsnis. rogorc irkveva, abiaTari Zvel
droSi mcxeTaSi damkvidrebuli ebrauli Temidan iyo. igi
Rrmad iyo ganswavluli Zvel ebraul wminda werilebSi.
imave xilvebSi samoTxis baRSi arsebuli naZvic
monawileobs, romelic uflis kvarTis saflavTanaa
darguli. mogvianebiT, swored es naZvi moikveTeba da
misgan saswaulebrivi sveti mzaddeba.
uflis kvarTis saflavTan naZvi da xe-vazi, anu babilo
erTobliobaSia moazrebuli.
mogvianebiT, roca mcxeTaSi qristianuli taZris
ageba gadawyda, mSeneblobis adgilis SerCevisas mirian
mefe amgvarad xsnis Tavis gadawyvetilebas:
`aramed ara vhrido samoTxesa mas sameufosa da
naZuTa simaRlesa da babiloTa maT nayofierebasa da
yuavilTa maT sulnelebasa, aramed mas Sina aRvaSeno
taZari salocvelad Cemda, romeli egos ukunisamde~.
da meyseulad moiRes Zeli da iwyes Senebad. da
mohkueTes naZvi igi da Semzades suetad da ZirTa misTa
zeda dadves safuZveli eklesiisaY. da iyo suetisa mis
saSinel xilvaY da saZirkueli, romeli zemo weril ars~.5
taZris centraluri svetis aRmarTebas mniSvnelovani
saswauli axlavs Tan. eqvsi svetis aRmarTebis Semdeg
mSeneblebma verafriT SeZles meSvide, umTavresi
svetis aRmarTeba. roca daRamda da Sewuxebuli mefe da
mSeneblebi wavidnen, wminda nino Tavis mowafeebTan erTad
darCa mSeneblobis adgilas. swored am Rames moxda didi
saswauli.
`da wmidaY nino dga xel-aRpyrobil. da aha esera
zeda-moadga Wabuki erTi yovladve naTliTa Semosili,
da moeblardna cecxlis-saxed zewari, da arquna samni
raYme sityuani netarsa ninos. xolo igi daeca pirsa zeda
Tvissa. xolo Wabukman man miyo xeli suetsa mas da upyra
Tavi da aRamaRla da wariRo simaRlesa caTasa... da aha

_ 15 _
vixile sueti igi cecxlis-saxed Camovidoda da moeaxla
xarisxsa mas Tvissa. da viTar daemarTa, da dadga zeda
xarisxsa mas queyaniT aRSorebulad viTar aTormet wyrTa
da neliad Camoicvalebda Tvissave mas zeda nakueTsa,
rameTu xarisxad iyo Ziri igi misi, romlisagan mokueTil
iyo sueti igi cxoveli~.6
rogorc vxedavT, mcxeTis samoTxeSi mokveTili
naZvisgan Seqmnili sveti saswaulebrivad swored im
Zirze daefuZna, romlisganac iyo mokveTili. ese igi, xis
mokveTisas, misi Ziri uvneblad dautoviaT da taZari mis
irgvliv Sendeboda. es suraT-xati Zalze mniSvnelovania
da igi Zveli sulieri sibrZnidan momdinareobs.
`qarTlis moqcevaSi~ xis mokveTis Tema mxolod
sveticxovlis ZeliT ar amoiwureba. jvrebis Sesaqmnelad
aseve saswaulebriv xes Wrian. es istoria teqstis
sxvadasxva fragmentSi, sxvadasxva mTxrobelis mier
ramdenjermea moyolili.
iakobis mier jvris Seqmna amgvaradaa moTxrobili:
`da iyo raJams moekueTa xe igi patiosnisa da Zlevis-
myofelisa patiosnisa juarisaY, da moaqunda igi aTsa
aTeulsa kacsa ze-ze rtoYTurT da furcliT Semoaqunda
qalaqad. da mistydeboda eri igi mwuanisferobasa mas
da furclianobasa dReTa zafxulis pirisaTa, odes
sxuaY yoveli xe xmel iyo, xolo igi yovladve furcel-
daucvivnebel da sulhamo da xedvad Suenier iyo. maSin
Zirsa zeda aRhmarTes, karsa eklesiisasa samxriTsa. da
hbervida wyalTagan niavi da Salvida furcelsa xisa
misgan da aZrevda rtoTa misTa. da iyo xilvaY misi Suenier
da sulhamo, viTarca smeniT viciT xisa misTvis alvisa.
da ese movhkueTeT Tuesa martsa k˜e-sa, dResa paraskevsa.
da daadgra xe igi oc da aTCvidmet dRedmde, da ara
Seicvala furceli misi, viTarca Zirsa zeda mdgomarisaY
Tavsa wyaroYsasa, vidremdis yovelni xeni maRnarisani
Seimosnes furcliTa da xeni nayofierni Seimkvnes

_ 16 _
yuavilTa. maSin TTuesa maissa erTsa Seiqmnnes juarni
ese da Svidsa mis Tvisasa aRemarTnes xelis dadebiTa
mefisaYTa, sixaruliTa da didiTa wadierebiTa yovlisa
qalaqisaYTa, iyvnes raY yovelni igi eklesiasa Sina.~7
mcxeTaSi jvrebis aRmarTeba sxva fragmentSi berZeni
mRvdlebis rCevas ukavSirdeba. sxvagan ki wminda ninoa
misi inspiratori. mirian mefe amgvarad yveba jvris
Seqmnis istorias:
`da odes mauwya aRmarTebaY, warvavlinen xuroni
Ziebad xesa. da viTa rpoves xe erTi martoY, mdgomare
kldesa zeda, romlisada ara mixebul iyo xeli kacisaY,
aramed monadireTagan smeniT guesmina saswauli xisaY mis,
rameTu odes iremsaRa ecis isari, miivltin borcusa mas
queSe, romelsa zeda dga xe igi, da swrafiT Wamn Teslsa
mas mis xisasa Camocvivnebulsa da sikudilisagan ganeris.
ese miTxrian da viyav dakvirvebul amisTvis. movhkueTe
me xe igi da Sevqmnen misgan samni juarni~.8
rogorc vxedavT, rogorc mSenebare taZris
centraluri svetis, aseve jvrebis Sesaqmnelad sruliad
gansakuTrebuli, saswaulebrivi xeebi ikveTeba. amave
dros mcxeTaSi taZris mSenebloba imgvarad momxdara,
rom xis mokveTis Semdeg misi Ziri adgilzeve dautoviaT.
saswaulebrivad aRmarTuli sveti kvlav im Zirs
daemyara, saidanac Zelis Sesaqmneli xe iyo mokveTili.
erT-erT aspeqtSi, cxadia, SeiZleba vigulisxmoT,
rom es saswaulebrivi xeebi imitom moikveTa, rom maTi
saswaulebrivi Tvisebebi axlad damkvidrebul qristianul
simboloebze _ jvarsa da taZris svetze gadmosuliyo.
jvarSi yvela im niSan-TvisebaTa SeTavsebac xdeba, rac
maT warmarTul epoqaSi hqondaT. es azri, albaT, sakamaTo
ar aris, magram meore mxriv, qristianuli jvari sulieri
TvalsazrisiT am niSan_Tvisebebs isedac gulisxmobs da
mis Sesaqmnelad raime saswaulebrivi masalis gamoyeneba
aucilebeli ar aris.

_ 17 _
 gacilebiT mniSvnelovania gansaxilveli istoriis
meore aspeqti _ Zveli, warmarTuli kosmosuri xis
mokveTis aucilebloba. es xe imitom ar ikveTeba, rom
igi raime borotebasTanaa dakavSirebuli, piriqiT,
masSi mocemulia is mZlavri sulieri Zalebi, romlebic
bunebidan momdinareobs. misi Tesli daWril irmebsac ki
hkurnavs. masSi mocemulia Zveli samyaros is sulieri
Zalebi, romlisganac ganuyofeli iyo im epoqis adamiani.
Zalze bevri uZvelesi mistikuri cnobierebisTvisaa
damaxasiaTebeli kosmosuri xis suraT-xati. im epoqaSi
adamians ar hqonda cnebiTi azrovnebis unari. igi
sakuTar arsebas mTeli kosmosis ganuyofel nawilad
ganicdida. individualuri cnobiereba naklebad iyo
aqtiuri. adamiani sulierad mTel varskvlavur samyaroSi
cxovrobda. misi yoveldRiuri yofa, misi amqveyniuri
bediswera mTel varskvlavur samyaros ukavSirdeboda.
adamiani TiTqosda mTel xilul kosmosSi iyo gaTqvefili.
mis cnobierebaSi gareSe samyaro axlandeli epoqis
msgavsad cnebebsa da azrebSi ki ar iyo mocemuli, aramed
miTosur saxeebSi warmosdgeboda. es miTebi misTvis
WeSmarit istorias warmoadgenda. miTosuri istoriis
aRqmas miTosuri cnobiereba esaWiroeba. dRevandeli
racionaluri azrovnebisTvis igi Znelad gasagebia.
Tumca, Zveli adamiani mTeli arsebiT iyo CarTuli
gareSe samyaros sulierebaSi, magram imdroindel sulier
moZRvarTaTvis sruliad aSkara iyo, rom mniSvnelovani
gardatexis epoqa axlovdeboda. kacobriobis cnobierebis
forma mkveTrad icvleboda da am axal mdgomareobas
cnobierebis sruliad gansxvavebuli safexuri Seesa­
bameboda. adamians Tvali unda moewyvita Zveli var­
skvlavuri samyarosaTvis, adamians unda daeviwyebina
varskvlavebidan momdinare bediswera. mas mzera mate­
rialuri samyarosken unda miemarTa, raTa Tavis
sxeulebriobaSi momZlavrebuliyo, azrovnebis Zalebi

_ 18 _
ganviTarebuliyo da am gziT misuliyo sakuTari `me~-s
WeSmarit gancdamde. es gza ki aucileblobiT moiTxovda
adamianisgan Tavisuflebis axlebur gancdas. adamians
nabij-nabij unda moepovebina Tavisufleba.
kacobriobis istoriaSi mimdinare es cvlilebebi
gran­diozuli saxiT gamovlinda macxovris gankacebis
Jams. swored qristianobaSi daisaxa kacobriobis axali
gzis marTlzomieri orientirebi.
Zveli varskvlavuri xe, miuxedavad misi miTologiuri
didebulebisa, mosakveTad gaiwira. Zveli samyaros
yvelaze didi warmomadgeneli ioane naTlismcemeli gar­
kveviT mianiSnebs am axali Jamis moaxloebas:
`vinaidan aw ukve culi xeebis fesvTana devs. yoveli
xe romelic ar gamoiRebs keTil nayofs, moiWreba da
cecxls miecema~ (maTe, 3, 10).
varskvlavuri xis mokveTis Tema jer kidev winas­
warmetyvelebis safexurze saocar suraT-xatebSia
moce­muli Zvel aRTqmaSic. gansakuTrebiT STambeWdavia
daniel winaswarmetyvelis Wvretis Sedegebi. igi gviambobs
nabuqodonosoris sizmars:
`aha, Tavi medo Cems sarecelze da vixile xilva: aha,
dedamiwis SuaSi maRali xe dgas.
gaizarda es xe da gamagrda. misi simaRle zecas
aRwevda da dedamiwis yvela kuTxidan mosCanda.
mSvenieri foTlebi aqvs, nayofic uxvad asxia. masze
yvelasTvis aris sazrdo, mis CrdilqveS mindvris mxecebi
afarebdnen Tavs. mis totebSi cis frinvelebi budobdnen
da misgan sazrdoobda yoveli xorcieli.
vixile xilva, roca Tavi medo Cems sarecelze: aha,
zecidan CamoeSva mRviZare da wmida.
man omaxianad daiZaxa da Tqva: mokveTeT eg xe, akafeT
misi totebi, daacaleT foTlebi, gaabnieT misi nayofi.
gaecalon mis Zirs mxecebi, frinvelebi _ mis totebs!
oRond misi mTavari fesvi miwaSi CatoveT, rkinis da

_ 19 _
spilenZis borkilebSi, mindvris balaxebs Soris zecis
cvar-namiT irwyvebodes igi da mxecebTan erTad miwis
balaxiT sazrdoobdes.~9
rogorc vxedavT, samyaros xe, romelic ase uxvad
kvebavda nadir-frinvels, mosakveTad gaiwira. am
gamocxadebaSi swored isaa umTavresi, rom xe ki moikveTa,
magram misi Ziri darCa uvneblad. swored am Zirs unda
daefuZnos momavlis xe.
erT-erT aspeqtSi, Ziri, romelic rCeba Zveli
kosmosuri cnobierebis xis mokveTis Sedegad, aris
adamianis azrovneba.10 momavalSi misgan unda amoizardos
axali kosmosuri cnobiereba, axali varskvlavuri xe.
Zveli varskvlavuri xis mokveTa zogadsakacobrio
aucileblobaa.
es movlena igivea, rac adamianis sulieri samyarodan
miwierebisken daSveba, ris gareSec SeuZlebelia Ta­
visuflebis mopoveba.
Zveli kosmosuri cnobiereba adgils uTmobs ada­
mianis miwier azrovnebas. dRevandeli civilizebuli
samyarosTvis swored azrovnebis es formaa damaxa­
siaTebeli. miuxedavad imisa, rom am gzaze kacobriobam
didi msxverpli gaiRo Tavisi sulierebis sferoSi,
swored ase unda moxdes sulierebis axali safexurebis
damkvidreba. adamiani unda azrovnebdes dRis fxizeli
cnobierebiT da ara Rameuli sizmrebiTa da bundovani
suraT-xatebiT. sxvagvarad individis Tavisufleba ver
miiRweva.
miwaSi CarCenili Ziridan unda aRmocendes axali xe:
`amova ylorti ieses Rerodan da misi fesvis amonayari
gaixarebs~ (esaia, 11, 1).
kosmosuri xis mokveTisa da mis Zirze axali xis
amosvlis ideas mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia Zveli
aRTqmis moZRvrebaSi.
es Tema saocari srulyofilebiTaa damuSavebuli

_ 20 _
sveticxovlis misteriaSi. `qarTlis moqceva~ Zalze
zusti suraT-xatebiT warmoaCens axali epoqis umTavres
tendenciebs:
cecxlis zewriT Semosili Wabuki mokveTili xisgan
damzadebul Zels cad aRamaRlebs da Semdeg igi Tavisave
mokveTil Zirze eSveba. ese igi, sveticxoveli aris
mokveTili xis Zirze dafuZnebuli Zeli, romelic, Tavis
mxriv, imave xisgan momdinareobs.
am Zelis istoria mxolod sakuTar Zirze dafuZnebiT
ar mTavrdeba. masTan dakavSirebuli Semdgomi saswaulebi
swored axali kosmosuri xis suraT-xats warmoaCenen.
Tu `moqcevis~ teqstis kompoziciur agebulebas
davakvirdebiT, advilad SevamCnevT, rom sveticxovlisa
da jvrebis aRmarTebamde arsad saubari ar aris
raime varskvlavur gamovlinebebze. Tavidan aqcenti
saswaulebriv xeebzea. maTi saxeobebic sxvadasxvagvaria:
naZvi, babilo, alva…
maTi mokveTis istoriebic sxvadasxva TvalTaxedviTaa
gadmocemuli.
roca mokveTili xeebisgan sveticxovlis Zeli da
jvrebi mzaddeba da aRimarTeba, `moqcevis~ aqcentebi
mkveTrad icvleba da mzera varskvlavuri cisken gadadis.
Tanmimdevruladaa moyolili movlenebi, romlebic
zeciuri mnaTobebis saswaulebriv gamovlinebebs Seexeba.
roca maradiuli xis mokveTis Semdeg misgan jvari
Seqmnes da `Zirsa zeda aRhmarTes, karsa eklesiisasa
samxriTsa~, moxda saswauli:
`da ixiles simravleman qalaqisaman bnelTa maT RameTa,
da aha Camovidis juari cecxlisaY dagvirgvinebuli
varskulaviTa da daadgris zeda eklesiasa vidre
ganTiadmde, da yovelni adidebdes RmerTsa amas zeda.
da ganTiad, riJuraJus oden, gamovidis misgan ori
varskulavi: erTi igi warvidis aRmosavaliT, da erTi
dasavaliT, da igi Tavadi egreve dgan mbrwyinvaled. da

_ 21 _
neliad-neliad gandgis mier kerZo aragusa da dadgis
borcusa zeda kldisasa, zemo kerZo, axlos wyarosa mas,
romeli-igi aRmoadines cremlTa wmidisa ninoYsTa, da
muniT aRmaRldis zecad. ese mravalgzis ixila yovelman
simravleman erisaman macxovarebaY RmrTisa CuenisaY~.11
rogorc vxedavT, am epizodSi grandiozuli suraTia
daxatuli. jvris Tavze gamoCenili varskvlavi samad
iyofa: erTi maTgani mcired gadainacvlebs da dRevandeli
jvris monastris mTis Tavze Cerdeba. danarCeni ori
ki erTmaneTis sapirispiro mimarTulebiT moZraobs
_ aRmosavleTiT wasuli varskvlavi `daadgra dabasa
bods kaxeTis queyanasa~, dasavleTiT wasuli varskvlavi
TxoTis mTis Tavze gaCerda.
es ori toponimi teqstSi SemTxveviT ar aris naxsenebi.
orive maTgani sruliad konkretul kulturul garemos
mianiSnebs. bodi simbolurad ukavSirdeba indoeTs.
wminda ninoc xom sakuTar Tavs indoel tyves uwodebs da
amave dros Tavadac bodSi aResruleba.
TxoTis dasaxelebis miniSnebac Zalze naTelia. es aris
egvipturi ToTis saxeli. ese igi, mcxeTis varskvlavebma
simbolurad mTeli imdroindeli kulturuli msoflios
sazRvrebi moiniSnes _ aRmosavleTiT indoeTi, dasav­
leTiT egvipte.
`moqcevis~ moTxrobil manamdel movlenebSi Tu
yvelaferi TiTqos erTi centrisken _ sveticxovlis
taZrisken miiswrafvoda, amjerad mokveTili xis Zirze
axleburi xis, anu jvris aRmarTebis Semdeg uecrad mzera
kvlav mTel samyaroze gadavida. am Zirze `amosulma~
axalma xem mTeli kosmosi moicva. amave dros, igi
varskvlavuri xea. misi moxazuli sivrce erTdroulad
moicavs zecasac da miwier samyarosac.
aseve `varskvlavur~ saswauls vxedavT dRevandeli
jvris monastris borcvze jvris aRmarTebis Semdegac.
`da iyo raodenisame Jamisa Semdgomad, martviliisa

_ 22 _
ukuana, ixiles saswauli didi da saSineli dResa
oTxSabaTsa. aha esera sueti naTlisaY saxed juarisa dga
zeda juarsa mas da aTormetni angelozni dagvirgvinebul
iyvnes garemoYs misa, egreve saxed aTormetni varskulavni
dagvirgvinebul iyvnes. xolo borcvi igi juarisaY erT-
saxed kumoda sulnelad. da viTar hxedvides saswaulsa
mas, mravalni uRmrToTaganni moiqcevodes da naTels-
iRebdes da aRaSenebdes eklesiaTa. xolo morwmuneni
ufroYs ganmtkicnebodes da adidebdes RmerTsa.
da merme kualad ixiles sxuaY saswauli patiosnisa
juarisaY: viTarca cecxli dga da viTarca ali egzeboda
zeda Tavsa juarisasa samgzis mzisa ubrwyinvalesi, da
viTarca saxumilisa raY naberwyali aRvaln Zlierad,
egre saxed iyo: aRvidodes angelozni da gardamovidodes
zeda patiosansa juarsa~.12
jvris Tavze gamoCenili Tormeti varskvlavi da
Tormeti angelozi, cxadia, mTel zeciur samyaros
gulisxmobs. zeciuri samyaro xom Tormet nawilad,
anu Tormet zodiaqod moiazreboda. saxezea axali
kosmosuri sivrce, romelsac qristianuli jvari
moicavs. Zveli kosmosuri xe moikveTa, magram mis Zirze
axali, qristianuli jvari daemkvidra, rac amave dros
axali epoqis varskvlavuri xecaa _ igi erTobliobaSi
aerTianebs miwier da zeciur samyaros.
varskvlavuri xe mTel kacobriobas aerTianebs, anu
imdroindeli masStabiT egviptidan indoeTamde.

TxoTis gamocxadeba

`qarTlis moqcevaSi~ erT-erTi mniSvnelovani epizodi

aris TxoTis mTaze mirian mefis TvalTdabneleba, ramac
gadamwyveti roli Seasrula mefis moqcevis saqmeSi.
`moqceva~ amgvarad mogviTxrobs am epizodis Sesaxeb:
_ 23 _
zafxulis erT dRes, oc ivliss, SabaTs, mirian mefe
sanadirod gavida Tavis mxleblebTan erTad. `da movlo
sanaxebi muxranisa da ganvida mTaTa zed TxoTisaTa
maRnarTa, raYTamca mixadna cixeTa maT didTa aspad da
kaspad da ufliscixed, da ganvida Txemsa mis mTisasa.
da Sua samxar oden dabnelda mis zeda mze, da iqmna Rame
ukuni, bneli friad~.13
SeSinebuli mxleblebi mimoifantnen da mefe marto
darCa. igi SeZrwunebuli erT adgilas gaCerda da aRar
icoda ra eqna. igi maRali xmiT uxmobda Tavis RmerTebs
armazs da zadens, magram veraviTari daxmareba ver miiRo.
`xolo keTilismyofelman RmerTman aqcia gonebaY misi
ucnobelobisagan cnobad da umecrebisagan mecnierebad,
da moego cnobasa~.14
maSin man vedrebiT mimarTa RmerTs, romelsac wminda
nino qadagebda.
`romelsa-igi nino qadagebs juarsa da juarcumulsa
da hyofs kurnebaTa mravalTa misiTa sasoebiTa. aw aramca
Zal-idva xsnaY Cemi amis Wirisagan. rameTu var me cocxliv
jojoxeTs Sina, da ara uwyi ese, Tu yovlisa queyanisaTvis
iqmna daqcevaY da naTeli bnelad gardaiqca, anu CemTvis
oden ars Wiri ese~.
rogorc ki macxovars mimarTa daxmarebisTvis, maSinve
`ganTena da mswrafl gamobrwyinda mze~.
am saswauls gadamwyveti mniSvneloba hqonda rogorc
Tavad mirianis, aseve qarTlis istoriaSi. mirian mefem
qriste iwama da Tavisi qveyanac am rjulze moaqcia.
`moqcevis~ avtori saocrad lakoniurad da xatovnad
mogviTxrobs am saswaulis Sesaxeb. rogorc yvela
imdroindeli religiuri teqsti, isic iyenebs simbolur
saxeebs, riTac kidev ufro metis Tqma unda, vidre
mxolod istoriuli faqtis gadmocema.
`qarTlis moqceva~ Zalze datvirTulia sulieri
simbolikiT. maT Soris didi yuradReba eqceva toponimebis

_ 24 _
sulier simbolikasac. teqstSi, garda istoriulad im
droisTvis arsebuli toponimebisa (mcxeTa, ufliscixe,
muxrani...), Semotanilia toponimebi, romlebis dasa­
xelebasac sulieri simbolikis mniSvneloba aqvs da
vfiqrobT, am adgilebs swored im koncefciis mixedeviT
ewodaT es saxelebi, romelic `qarTlis moqcevaSia~
gadmocemuli. aseTebia: faravani, TxoTi, ujarma, bodi,
eruSeTi, manglisi, sarkine da sxva.15
amjerad gvinda am konteqstSi TxoTis toponimze
gavamaxviloT yuradReba.
vfiqrobT, es dasaxeleba winaswarganzraxviT, zogadi
sulieri koncefciidan gamomdinarea Semotanili zemoT
moTxrobil epizodSi. am simbolos didi mniSvneloba
eniWeba teqstis sworad wakiTxvisTvis.
arc isaa SemTxveviTi, rom igive TxoTis regioni
`qarTlis moqcevaSi~ Semdeg isev gvxvdeba da maSinac
erT-erT mniSvnelovan movlenas ukavSirdeba.
mas Semdeg, rac mirian mefem qristianoba miiRo,
misi daxmarebiT wminda ninom taZari aaSena mcxeTaSi
(sveticxoveli). am taZris win aRmarTes jvari, romelsac
ramdenime saswaulebrivi movlena axlda Tan. erT-erTi
aseTi iyo:
jvris aRmarTebis Semdeg bnel Rames mcxeTelebma
dainaxes, rom cidan `Camovidis juari cecxlisaY dagvir­
gvinebuli varskvlaviTa da daadgris zeda eklesiasa
vidre ganTiadamde, da yovelni adidebdes RmerTsa amas
zeda. da ganTiad, riJuraJus oden, gamovidis misgan ori
varskvlavi: erTi igi warvidis aRmosavaliT, da erTi
dasavaliT, da igi Tavadi egreve dgan mbrwyinvaled~.16
aRmosavleTisken wasuli varskvlavi gaCerda daba
bodis Tavze, xolo dasavleTiT wasuli _ TxoTis
mTis Tavze. mcxeTaSi darCenili varskvlavi ki mcired
gadaadgilda da Tanamedrove jvris monastris Tavze
gaCerda.

_ 25 _
 wminda ninos miTiTebiT mcxeTis borcvze, TxoTis
mTaze da bodis nacvlad ujarmaSi jvrebi aRmarTes. wminda
ninom miuTiTa, rom bodSi jvris aRmarTva jer adrea, mis
magivrad jvari ujarmaSi unda aRimarTos, xolo bodSi
igi Tavad Cava, roca amis dro dadgeba. marTlac, Tavisi
amqveyniuri moRvaweobis dasasruls wminda nino bodSi
Cavida da iq gardaicvala. wmindani iqve dakrZales.
rogorc aRvniSneT, `qarTlis moqcevis~ bevri topo­
nimi sruliad gansazRvruli koncefciis mixedviTaa
Seqmnili.
vfiqrobT, am SemTxvevaSi avtori eyrdnoba kacobriobis
evoluciis im istorias, romelic sxvadasxva kulturebis
sulier wreebSi Zveli droidanve iyo cnobili.
am msoflmxedvelobis mixedviT kacobriobis ganvi­
Tarebis warRvnisSemdgomi istoria gaazrebulia Svidi
periodis saxiT. warRvnis Semdeg, daaxloebiT asi
saukunis win, pirveli mniSvnelovani kulturuli centri
im teritoriaze Camoyalibda, sadac dRes indoeTia.
im kulturas indur kulturas uwodeben. TiToeuli
kulturis zeobis xana, daaxloebiT, imdeni xani
grZeldeba, ramdenic mzes sWirdeba erTi zodiaqodan
meoreSi gadasasvlelad. zodiaqoebis realuri sazRvrebi
sxvadasxva sididis areebs moicaven da amitom es droiTi
monakveTebic sxvadasxvaa, magram pirobiTad aiTvleba
am epoqis gasaSualebeli mniSvneloba _ 2160 weli.
roca induri kulturis zeobis xana dasrulda, mze
kiborCxalis zodiaqodan tyupebis zodiaqoSi gadavida
da daiwyo egreT wodebuli sparsuli epoqa. kulturulma
centrebma indoeTis teritoriidan dasavleTiT,
dRevandeli sparseTis teritoriaze gadainacvla. Zv.
w. III aTaswleulSi ukve egviptur-Sumeruli samyaro
gamodis wina planze. mze xaris zodiaqoSi Sedis. axali
welTaRricxvis dasawyisSi, anu macxovris gankacebis Jams
mze ukve verZis zodiaqoSi iyo da Sesabamisad am epoqasac

_ 26 _
verZis epoqa ewodeboda. es iyo meoTxe, anu Svidi epoqidan
Sualeduri epoqa. dReisTvis Cven mexuTe, Tevzebis
zodiaqos Sesabamis epoqaSi vcxovrobT. gazafxulis
dReRamtolobisas mze Tevzebis zodiaqoSi amodis.
ese igi, macxovris gankaceba moxda warRvnisSemdegi
Svidperiodiani istoriis Sualedur berZnul-romaul
epoqaSi. mas win uswrebda sami warmarTuli epoqa: induri,
sparsuli da egviptur-Sumeruli. macxovris gankacebis
epoqas mosdevs sami qristianuli epoqa, romelTa
xangrZlivobebic igive iqneba.
am sulieri koncefciis mixedviT mexuTe kulturul
epoqaSi moxdeba mesame kulturuli epoqis ZiriTadi
impulsebis qristianuli saxiT gardaqmna. analogiurad,
meeqvse kulturuli epoqa meore, anu sparsuli
kulturisTvis damaxasiaTebel impulsebs qristianuli
saxiT gadaamuSavebs. bolo, meSvide kulturaSi ukve
pirveli, anu induri kulturis niSnebi gamovlindeba.
es erTgvari sarkiseburi arekvla, cxadia, warsulSi
dabrunebas ar gulisxmobs. kacobriobis evolucia
Tavisi kanonzomieri gziT ganviTardeba. kulturebis
sarkuli arekvla mxolod ZiriTadi sulieri impulsebis
gameorebas gulisxmobs. yoveli maTgani qristianuli
ZalisxmeviT gardaiqmneba. xatovnad es movlena SeiZleba
ase gamoisaxos: macxovris gankacebis Semdeg yvela manamde
arsebuli kultura sarkiseburad aisaxeba, magram yoveli
maTgani gaqristiandeba, yovel maTganze jvari iqneba
aRmarTuli.
vfiqrobT, jvarTaRmarTebis epizodis moTxrobisas
`qarTlis moqcevis~ avtori swored am sulier kon­
cefcias gulisxmobs. qarTlis gaqristianebis fonze
am grandiozul sakacobrio istorias saocari suraT-
xatebiT gadmogvcems.
mcxeTaSi saswaulebrivi jvris aRmarTebis Semdeg,
romelic faqtobrivad kosmosur varskvlavur xes

_ 27 _
ganasaxierebs, qristianizaciis procesi mTel momaval
epoqebs moicavs. axali sami jvari aRimarTeba TxoTze,
ujarmaSi da bolos budaSi, sadac jvris nacvlad Tavad
wminda nino Cadis, sruldeba kidec misi amqveyniuri yofa
da arsebobis axal, zeciur formaSi gadadis.
ras SeiZleba niSnavdes es sami regioni, romlebic
macxovris jvriT moiniSna?
vfiqrobT, isini swored momavlis im sam kulturul
epoqas mianiSneben, romlebmac winamorbedi warmarTuli
kulturebis sulieri impulsebi qristianulad unda
gadaamuSaon _ qristes jvriT moinaTlon.
TxoTi gamoxatavs egviptur kulturas, ujarma _
sparsuls, xolo buda _ indurs.
amjerad gvinda, yuradReba gavamaxviloT am sami
regionidan pirvelze _ TxoTis mTaze da mis kavSirze
egviptur kulturasTan.
TxoTi, rogorc dasaxeleba, uSualod mianiSnebs
egviptur RvTaebaze, romlis saxelicaa ToTi.
ToTi egvipturi panTeonis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani
RvTaebaa. igi moiazreboda rogorc sibrZnis RvTaebac.
swored ToTs miewereboda egviptis 42 saidumlo sibrZnis
wignis dawera. maTSi aRwerili iyo egvipturi ritualebi,
astrologiuri winaswarmetyvelebani da, saerTod,
egvipturi kulturis ZiriTadi sulieri safuZvlebi.
ToTis religiuri saxe berZnul samyaroSi
warmodgenili iyo RvTaeba hermesSi. SemdegSi, romaul
kulturaSi, mas merkuri ewoda.
egvipturi gadmocemebis mixedviT, rodesac maTi
mzis RmerTi ra Sebindebisas miwier samyaros tovebda da
miwisqveSa samyaroSi mogzaurobas iwyebda, igi ixmobda
sibrZnis RvTaeba ToTs da Ramis ganmavlobaSi Tavis
nacvlad tovebda. Ramis ganmavlobaSi ToTi mzis funqcias
asrulebda. igi mzis anarekls warmoadgenda.
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani iyo ToTis warmodgena

_ 28 _
egvipturi misteriebis xeldasxmis ritualebSi.
adamians, romelic misteriebis mowafe xdeboda, Zalze
grZeli gzis gavla uxdeboda saboloo miznis miRwevamde.
mas ganswavlis sxvadasxva stadiebi unda gaevlo. erT-
erT stadiaze igi mihyavdaT bnel gvirabTan. iwyeboda
warmosaxviTi mogzauroba sikvdilis samyaroSi. mowafe
midioda Rrma WasTan da kibiT eSveboda masSi. roca kibe
mTavrdeboda, mas unda moeZebna Widan mimavali gvirabi.
Tu am bnel labirinTebSi gzas gaikvlevda, igi freskebiT
moxatul darbazSi Sedioda. aq is xvdeboda qurums,
romelic kedlebze gamosaxuli simboloebis sulier
mniSvnelobebs uxsnida. iwyeboda mravalwliani swavlebisa
da gamocdebis periodi, vidre igi ganviTarebis saWiro
dones miaRwevda. xeldasxmis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani
rituali iyo sikvdiliT gamocda. mowafes sarkofagSi
awvendnen da specialuri zemoqmedebiT praqtikulad
namdvili sikvdilis msgavs gancdamde mihyavdaT. igi am
mdgomareobaSi rCeboda samdRenaxevris ganmavlobaSi.
misi cnobiereba mTlianad swydeboda miwier yofas
da sikvdilis gancda eufleboda. faqtobrivad, igi
xelovnurad Sedioda sikvdilis samyaroSi. es gamocda
Zalze seriozul momzadebas moiTxovda. mowafes unda
daeZlia sikvdilis SiSi. samdRenaxevris Semdeg mowafe
sikvdilis gamocdilebiT brundeboda da SeeZlo sakuTari
xilvebis Sesaxeb moeTxro. Zalze mniSvnelovani iyo imis
garkveva, Tu ramdenad sworad aRiqva is miRmuri samyaro,
romelic ixila.
gaRviZebuli mowafe qurumebis winaSe warsdgeboda
da maT SekiTxvebs pasuxobda. igi yveboda sakuTar
xilvebs ozirisis samyaroSi. Tu qurumebi mis pasuxebs
marTlzomierad miiCnevdnen, rCeboda xeldasxmis bolo
etapi _ igi taZris yvelaze maRal safexurze ahyavdaT. aq
igi xvdeboda mTavar qurums, romelic samyaros yvelaze
ufro Rrma saidumloebebs uxsnida. es iyo am misteriebis

_ 29 _
yvelaze sakraluri codna. xeldasxmis am bolo etaps
`ToTis gamocxadeba~ erqva. es saidumlo sibrZne ar
iyo Cawerili. igi qurumidan qurums zepirsityvierad
gadaecemoda.
es iyo ozirisis mziuri misteriebi. maTi Rameuli ganc­
da ToTs, anu hermess ukavSirdeboda. es iyo `SuaRamis mzis~
Wvreta, romelic ToTis daxmarebiT miiRweoda. sikvdilis
samyaroSi Sesul adamianebs ozirisis sam­ flobelosken
ToTi miuZRvoda. gardacvlilTa su­ lebs igi warudgen­
da qvesknelis mziur RvTaebas. sikvdilis samyaros gavla
aucilebeli piroba iyo yvela xeldasxmulisTvis.
mogvianebiT qristianobam gaauqma egvipturi ritu­
alebi. macxovari Tavad Cavida sikvdilis samyaroSi da
iqidan aRmdgarma kacobriobas sulieri ganviTarebis axali
gza uCvena. leTargiuli Zili qristianul xeldasxmaSi
miuRebelia, magram sikvdilis samyarosTan ziareba, anu
qristesmieri naTlisReba qristianobaSic umTavresi
gzaa. qristianobaSi egvipturi xeldasxmis ritualebis
sruliad axleburi gadaazreba moxda. sxvanairad rom
vTqvaT, `ToTis gamocxadebam~ qristianuli saxe miiRo.
Zveli misteriebi gaqristianda.
vfiqrobT, swored am grandiozuli istoriuli mov­
lenis gamoZaxils vxvdebiT `qarTlis moqcevis~ `TxoTis
gamocxadebaSi~.
rogorc aRvniSneT, Tavad mirian mefis TvalT­
dabnelebis adgilis dasaxeleba swored TxoTia, rac
aSkarad imeorebs egvipturi RvTaebis saxels ToTs.
egvipturi ritualisas mowafes TvalT ubneldeba. igi
amqveyniur realobas veRar xedavs. es TvalTdabneleba
ar aris dakavSirebuli Ramis sibnelesTan. mirian mefesac
dRisiT ubneldeba TvalT.
egvipteli mowafe Ramis mzis, anu ozirisis samyaroSi
Sedis. qristianul epoqaSi ukve qriste moiazreba rogorc
SuaRamis mze.

_ 30 _
 qarTlis moqcevis sxva adgilas Tavad mirian mefe
ambobs (wminda ninos Sesaxeb): `aman wmidaman aRanTo gulsa
Cemsa sanTeli naTlisaY da SuvaRames oden meCuena me mze
mbrwyinvale, qriste RmerTi Cveni~.17
`ToTis gamocxadebisas~ egviptel mowafes ToTis
sibrZne gadaecema. is igebs imas, rac misTvis manamde
saidumloebiT iyo moculi.
qristianuli gamocxadebisas amgvari sibrZne ukve
Tavad qristesgan momdinareobs. swored TxoTis mTaze
keTilismyofelma RmerTma, anu macxovarma `aqcia gone­
baY misi ucnobelobisagan cnobad da umecrebisagan
mecnierebad, da moego cnobasa~.
rogorc aRvniSneT, egvipteli mowafe leTargiuli Zi­
lis mdgomareobaSi Cadis jojoxeTSi, anu sikvdilis sa­
myaroSi da iqidan aRmdgari iZens imqveyniur gamocdilebas.
TxoTis mTaze SeZrwunebul mirian mefesac jojoxeTSi
cocxlad yofnis gancda aqvs. `rameTu var me cocxliv
jojoxeTs Sina~ _ ambobs igi.
egvipturi misteriebis mowafe sruliad Secvlili
brundeba sikvdilis samyarodan da `ToTis xilvis~ Semdeg
igi ukve xeldasxmulia.
mirian mefec sruliad icvleba TxoTis xilvis Semdeg.
man sakuTari gamocdilebiT irwmuna qristes arseboba.
vfiqrobT, `qarTlis moqcevaSi~, TxoTis TvalT­
dab­nelebis epizodSi zusti sulieri simbolikiTaa
gadmocemuli egvipturi misteriebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
umTavresi niSnebi, magram es yvelaferi gadaazrebulia
qristianulad. TxoTis mTaze TiTqosda egvipturi
misteriebi gaqristianda. rogorc `moqceva~ mogviTxrobs,
mogvianebiT moxda kidev erTi didi saswauli da
TxoTis mTaze saswaulebrivi jvari aRimarTa. cxadia,
es ukve pirdapiri miniSnebaa saqarTveloSi TxoTis (anu
hermesuli) misteriebis gaqristianebaze, ToTis sibrZnis
qristianulad gadaazrebaze.

_ 31 _
 ufro zustad Tu vityviT, `moqceva~ iuwyeba, rom
Zvelma egvipturma misteriebma, anu egvipturma su­
lierma sibrZnem qarTlSi hpova TavSesafari. maSin ro­
ca igi egvipteSic ki daviwyebas mieca, axal epoqaSi
moxda misi naTlisReba, qristianuli saxiT gamovlena.
igi momavalSi (mexuTe kulturul epoqaSi) qristianuli
saxiT gaagrZelebs sicocxles.

elias xaleni

ganvixiloT kidev erTi sulieri nakadi, romlis

qarTlSi damkvidrebis Sesaxebac `qarTlis moqceva~
iuwyeba. igi exeba saqarTvelos sulieri cxovrebis erT
metad idumalebiT mocul motivs. esaa Zvel qarTul
werilobiT wyaroebSi mocemuli cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom
elia winaswarmetyvelis xaleni mcxeTaSia dafluli da am
saflavis adgili gansakuTrebuladaa gasaidumloebuli.
pirvelad am cnobas `qarTlis moqcevaSi~ vxvdebiT.
igi Zalze Tavisebur konteqstSia mocemuli.
rogorc `moqceva~ gvauwyebs, golgoTaze macxovris
jvarcmis faqts mcxeTeli ebraelebic daswrebian. isini
ierusalimSi sagangebod miuwveviaT.
`moqcevis~ erT-erTi mTxrobeli, wminda ninos rCeuli
mowafe, sidonia wers:
`da warvida aqaYT mamis dedis ZmaY Cemi elios, kaci
moxucebuli. da esua mas dedaY tomisagan eli mRdelisa,
da esua erTi xolo daY eliozs~.18
Tu am cnobas Tanamedrove logikis mkacri Tva­
liT SevxedavT, bunebrivia, igi winaaRmdegobrivad
mogveCveneba. mTxrobeli, sidonia, romelic IV saukunis
pirvel naxevarSi cxovrobs, ambobs, rom misi bebiis Zma
golgoTis periodSi, ese igi, sam saukuneze meti xnis

_ 32 _
win moxuci iyo. sidonias bebiis Zma, cxadia, moxuci IV
saukuneSi unda yofiliyo. am monaTxrobis mixedviT ki
igi golgoTis periodSic moxuci yofila.
es Zalian martivi maTematikaa da didi gulubryviloba
iqneba vifiqroT, rom verc Tavad damwerma da verc
ramdenime saukunis Semdeg gadamwerma es gaugebroba ver
SeamCnies.
roca XI saukuneSi leonti mrovelma `qarTlis moqce­
vis~ safuZvelze axali redaqcia Seqmna, man erTgvarad
`daagrZela~ sidoniasa da eliozis genealogiuri xazi da
aRniSna, rom eliozi sidonias mamis abiaTaris mamis mama
iyo.19
rogorc vxedavT, XI saukunis axali redaqciis avtoris
teqstisadmi midgoma bevrad ufro racionaluria, maSin,
roca pirveladi teqstis avtori ZiriTad aqcents su­
lier suraT-xatebze akeTebs da amisTvis statistikur
`darRvevebsac~ ar erideba.
macxovris jvarcmis Semdeg, roca misi samosis ga­
nawileba moxda, uflis kvarTi `hxuda amas queyanasa wiliT
da warmoiRo elioz~.20 rogorc cnobilia, es kvarTi
mcxeTaSi eliozis dasTan, sidoniasTan erTad daimarxa.
uflis kvarTis saflavis adgili didi xnis manZilze
gasaidumloebuli iyo, vidre igi mcxeTeli ebraelebis
daxmarebiT ar gamoiZia qarTlSi Camosulma wminda ninom.
swored am epizodis Txrobisas miniSnebulia kidev erT
mniSvnelovan saidumloze _ kerZod, uflis kvarTis garda,
mcxeTaSive yofila elias xalenis daflvis ad­gilic.
macxovris kvarTisa da elias xalenis mcxeTaSi
daflvis istoriebi `moqcevis~ erTsa da imave fragmentSia
moTxrobili:
`xolo elioz dahmarxa daY igi Tvisi, da xelTa misTa
aqunda samoseli igi. da ars adgili igi, romeli RmerTman
icis, da icis dedaman Cemman nino da ara ityvis, rameTu
ara jer-ars sityuad aw. aramed ese xolo kma-iyavn ninoYs

_ 33 _
mowafeTaTvis da qristes morwmuneTa, rameTu maxlobel
ars adgili igi naZusa mas libaniT mosulsa da mcxeTas
danergulsa. Tvinier ese mesma mamisa Cemisagan: `ars
sxuaYca ZaliTa Semosili, mrCobli igica, xaleni eliaYsi
amas qalaqsa Sina xelTa CuenTa, sakurTxevlisa simtkicesa
queSe, qvaTa Sina ulpolvelad vidre Jamadmde misa~,
rameTu mravalgzis mabira me dedaman Cemman nino mamisa
Cemisa mimarT, raiTa gamovswulilo adgili igi samoslisaY
mis guliTad. xolo man esTen dadva nawili Cem Tana da
mrqua: `aqa arso adgili samarxvoY misio, romelsa enani
kacTani ara dadumnen galobad RmrTisa mimarT, mas zeda
ars adgili igi, viTarca adgili iakobisi, kibed xiluli
da zecad aRwevnuli amieriTgan da ukunisamde, dideba da
qeba mouklebel~.21
rogorc vxedavT, wminda ninos TxovniT, sidonias
Tavisi mamisgan, abiaTarisgan, gamoukiTxavs am saidumloTa
Sesaxeb. abiaTari ki is pirovnebaa, visma dedis Zmamac
kvarTi mcxeTaSi Camoitana, xolo radgan golgoTis
periodSi misi dedis Zma moxucic ki yofila, cxadia,
igulisxmeba, rom im dros abiaTaric ukve dabadebuli iyo.
ese igi, abiaTaric golgoTis movlenebis Tanamedrove
yofila. swored amis Tqma undoda `moqcevis~ avtors,
roca zemoT moTxrobili TiTqosda ucnauri genealogia
warmogvidgina. ese igi, abiaTaris asaki meoTxe aseulis
farglebSi unda vivaraudoT.
`qarTlis moqcevis~ mier moTxrobili movlenebi
SemdegSi ZiriTadad macxovris kvarTis saflaviskenaa
mipyrobili. elias kvarTis Sesaxeb sxva cnobas aRar
vxvdebiT. am Temaze Semdgom saukuneebSic ar mogvepoveba
mniSvnelovani cnobebi. es albaT bunebrivia, radgan
ukve `moqcevaSi~ naTqvamia, rom am saflavis adgili
saidumloa da axlo momavalSi igi ar gamJRavndeba. igi
iqneba `sakurTxrevelsa simtkicesa queSe, qvaTa Sina
ulpolvelad vidre Jamadmde misa~.

_ 34 _
 marTalia, qarTul werilobiT wyaroebSi SemdegSi
xSirad aRar gvxvdeba es Tema, magram, samagierod, elias
kulti Zalze Taviseburad viTardeba xalxur religiur
cnobierebaSi.
mcxeTaSi elias kvarTis arsebobis mniSvnelobis
gar­kveva, cxadia, SeuZlebelia, Tu yuradRebas ar gava­
maxvilebT am winaswarmetyvelis adgilze Zveli aRTqmis
epoqaSi.
egviptidan gamosvlisa da axali rjulis miRebis
miuxedavad, ebraeli xalxi jer kidev myarad ar iyo
damkvidrebuli axal rwmenaSi da xSirad iyo midrekili
mezobeli xalxebis religiuri kultebisken. elias
moRvaweobis xanaSi gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda baalis
kulti. warmarTTagan devnil elias ufali gamoecxada
da Zalze mkacri davaleba misca:
`uTxra ufalma: wadi, gabrundi udabnos gziT da
damaskoSi midi. roca mixval, mironi scxe xazaels aramze
samefod.
elise Safatis Zes ki, abel-melqoladan rom aris,
scxe mironi, raTa winaswarmetyvelebdes Sens nacvlad.
vinc xazaelis maxvils gadaurCeba, iehu moklavs mas;
vinc iehus maxvils gadaurCeba, elise moklavs.
davtoveb israelSi Svidi aTas kacs: yvela muxls,
romelic ar modrekila baalis winaSe da yvela bages,
romelsac ar ukocnia misTvis~.22
ebraelTa Semdgomi istoria aRsavsea am sastiki gana­
Cenis aRsrulebis epizodebiT. mxolod didi sisxlis­
Rvrisa da msxverplis fasad moxda ucxo kultebis
aRmofxvra da ebraeli xalxis sakuTari religiuri
kultisken dabruneba.
rogorc cnobilia, rogorc Zveli, aseve axali
aRTqmis wminda werilebSi ricxviTi simbolika Zalze
farTodaa warmodgenili. imis garda, rom es ricxvebi
garkveul istoriul movlenebs axasiaTeben, maTi sulieri

_ 35 _
mniSvnelobebis gauTvaliswineblad, praqtikulad SeuZ­
lebelia teqstebis Sinaarsebis srulyofilad gageba.
axali welTaRricxvis dasawyisSi miuxedavad imisa,
rom sxvadasxva xalxi sxvadasxva welTaRricxvis sistemas
eyrdnoboda, religiur teqstebSi xSirad arsebobs Ca­
nawerebi, rom qristes gankaceba adamis Seqmnidan 4000
wlis Semdeg moxda.
dRevandeli samecniero-statistikuri TvalsazrisiT,
cxadia, es cnoba realobas ar Seesabameba. Tanamedrove
arqeologiuri kvlevebis mixedviT, adamiani qristes
gankacebamde milionobiT wlis winac arsebobda.
vinc werda, rom qriste IV aTaswleulSi gankacda,
cxadia, misTvis realur istoriul faqts gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba sulac ar hqonda, radgan Tavis cnobaSi is
sruliad sxva rames ambobda.
Tanamedrove bunebismetyvelebasa da wminda werilis
cnobebs Soris amgvari gaugebrobebi Zalze bevria,
radgan am SemTxvevaSi isini sruliad sxvadasxva enaze
laparakoben.
bibliur istoriaSi samyaros mimdinare istoria
warmodgenilia SvidobiT sistemaSi. uZvelesi droidanaa
SemCneuli, rom istoriuli ganviTarebis procesis
daxa­siaTeba yvelaze ufro moxerxebuli swored Svid­
periodiani sistemiTaa. swored am TvalsazrisiT unda
gavigoT bibliuri uwyeba samyaros Svid dReSi Seqmnis
Sesaxeb. cxadia, arc erT seriozul adamians azradac
ar mouva, es dro marTlac dRevandeli dRis gagebasTan
daakavSiros. wminda werilSi zogjer termini `dRe~
Secvlilia `saukuniT~, anda `aTasi wliT~. Zalze xSirad
drois es monakveTebi swored calkeuli istoriuli
ciklis calkeul periodebs gulisxmoben da ara
konkretul dros, Tanamedrove gagebiT. am werilebSi
`dRe~ SeiZleba aTasobiT welsac gulisxmobdes.
ese igi, samyaros ganviTarebaSi yovelgvari mniSvne­

_ 36 _
lovani etapi, Tavis mxriv, iyofa `Svid dRed~, `Svid
saukuned~, an `Svid aTas wlad~. am konteqstSia war­
modgenili warRvnisSemdgomi istoriac, romelic Zveli
astrologiuri TvalsazrisiT, swored Svid periods unda
moicavdes. TiToeuli periodis realur xangrZlivobad
igulisxmeba is dro, rac mzes erTi zodiaqodan
meoreSi gadasasvlelad sWirdeba. am SemTxvevaSi mzis
zodiaqosadmi mikuTvneba gulisxmobs imas, Tu romel
zodiaqoSi amodis mze gazafxulis buniobisas.
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, daaxloebiT 100 saukunis win,
roca warRvna moxda, mze kiborCxalas zodiaqoSi amodioda.
mzis amosvlis wertili Zalze nela gadaadgildeba
uZrav varskvlavTa cis mimarT. mzis traeqtorias, anu
srul wrewirs Tu Tormet nawilad (Tormet zodiaqod)
dayofilad warmovidgenT, aRmoCndeba, rom 1/12-is gavlas
mze 2160 weli undeba. ese igi, yovel 21-22 saukuneSi mze
zodiaqos icvlis _ gazafxulis buniobisas ukve sxva
zodiaqoSi amodis (2160 weli gasaSualebuli droiTi
monakveTia). im periodSi, roca macxovari gankacda, mzes
warRvnis Semdeg ukve sami amgvari zodiaquri monakveTi
hqonda ganvlili da meoTxeSi imyofeboda. swored amasTan
aris dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva sasuliero teqstebSi
golgoTis istoriuli periodis dakavSireba ricxv 4-Tan.
manamde xaris zodiaqos periodic swored ori aTas­
wleuli grZeldeboda da kacobriobis Zalze mniSvnelovan
istoriul monakveTs moicavda. macxovris gankacebis
periodSi mze verZis zodiaqoSi amodioda. amJamad Cven
Tevzebis epoqaSi vcxovrobT, anu rac imas niSnavs, rom
gazafxulis buniobisas mze Tevzebis zodiaqoSi amodis.
warRvnis Semdeg Tu daviTvliT, gamodis, rom xaris
epoqa mesame iyo da amitomac is xSirad aRiniSneba me-3
dRiT, 3000 wliT, an me-3 saukuniT. am periodSi istoriis
arenaze Zalze aqtiuri iyvnen egviptis da SuamdinareTis
kulturebi.

_ 37 _
 me-4 dRes, anu me-4 epoqaSi _ verZis epoqaSi _ istoriis
wina planze ukve berZnul-romauli samyaro gamovida da civi­
lizaciis umTavresi mimarTulebebi swored man gansazRvra.
me-5 dReSi, anu `5000 welSi~ ukve Cveni Tanamedrove
epoqa unda vigulisxmoT.
moses moRvaweobis periodSi me-3 dRe, anu `3000 weli~
dasasruls uaxlovdeboda. axali ebrauli kultura
swored am epoqis umTavres warmomadgenlebs _ egviptes
da babilons upirispirdeboda. marTalia, ebraelebs
am orive kulturis farglebSi mouwiaT cxovreba da
bevri ram swored maTgan SeiTvises, magram cxadi iyo,
rom ebraelebs RmerTma sruliad gansxvavebuli misia
daakisra. ebraelebi kacobriobis momavalze iyvnen
orientirebuli. sakuTar arsebaSi maT unda daeZliaT
me-3 dRis, 3000-is, anu xaris epoqis gavlena da 4000-is,
anu cxvris epoqis xalxad Camoyalibebuliyvnen.
`xarisa~ da `cxvris~ (verZis), an rac ricxviT enaze
igivea, 3000-isa da 4000-is dapirispireba, naTladaa moce­
muli Zveli aRTqmis werilebSi.
egviptidan gamosul ebraelebs kvlav Zlieri midre­
kileba hqondaT Zveli kultisaken. roca sinas mTaze
asul moses iq yofna gaugrZelda, xalxma veRar SeZlo
meti molodini da kvlav Zveli kerpi _ xbo Seqmna. mTidan
dabrunebuli moses ganaCeni mkacri iyo:
`Cadga mose banakis WiSkarSi da Tqva: vinc uflisaa,
CemTan! da Segrovdnen masTan levianebi.
uTxra maT: ase ambobs ufali, israelis RmerTi: maxvili
Seibas yvelam, moiareT banaki WiSkridan WiSkramde da
mokaliT Zmam Zma, megobarma megobari, naTesavma naTesavi.
moses sityvisamebr moiqcnen levianebi, sami aTasamde
kaci gawyda im dRes~ (gamosvla, 32, 26-28).
ese igi, sinas mTidan dabrunebul moses ebraelTa
banakSi xbos kerpi daxvda. moses rjuli cxvris epoqaze, anu
momavalzea orientirebuli. misi moZmeni ki kvlav Zveli

_ 38 _
kultisken _ xarisken ixrebian. maT uWirT axali epoqis
sulieri impulsebis miReba. erTmaneTs upirispirdeba
Zveli, mesame kultura, anu xaris kultura da momavali,
cxvris kultura, anu me-4 kultura. moses ganaCeni
mkacria _ igi anadgurebs xaris kerps (oqros xbos) da im
dRes sikvdiliT sjis 3000 adamians (`sami aTasamde kaci
gawyda im dRes~, gamosvla, 32, 28). 3000 adamianis mokvla
niSnavs, rom mosem ebraelTa wiaRSi me-3 kulturis
narCenebi amoZirkva.
ebraelTa wiaRSi mesame dRiT, anu 3000-iT simbo­
lizebuli egvipturi kulturis moZvelebuli sulieri
impulsebi ganadgurda. amiT gza gaexsna cxvris epoqis
axal ebraul kulturas. mose me-4 kulturas amkvidrebs
_ igi 4000-is warmomadgenelia.
gadis dro da xaris epoqis gadmonaSTebi sxva civi­
lizebul kulturebSic daZleul iqna. mze xaris
zodiaqodan verZis zodiaqoSi gadavida. xaris epoqis
kulturebma degradacia ganicades da TandaTan gaqrnen
istoriis arenidan. me-3 dRis, anu 3000-is kulturebis
zogierTma warmomadgenelma erTgvar mTvlemare mdgo­
mare­obaSiRa gaagrZela arseboba. arenaze axalgazrda
kul­turebi gamovidnen.
dadga me-4 epoqa. am periodSi gankacda macxovari.
am droisTvis 3000 ukve warsulia, 4000 awmyoa, xolo
5000-iT momavalia aRniSnuli. xaris epoqa warsulia, mze
verZis (cxvris) zodiaqoSi amodis, xolo momavlis mzera
Tevzebiskenaa mipyrobili.
macxovris mier aRsrulebuli ori saswauli, kerZod,
jer 5000-is, xolo Semdeg 4000-is dapureba, swored
gamoxmaurebaa am istoriuli realobisa.
mravalTa mcire sakvebiT dapurebis saswauli Zvel
aRTqmaSic arsebobs. am saswauls ilias mowafe elise
aRasrulebs (eliam Tavisi mosasxami swored elises
dautova).

_ 39 _
 didi SimSilobis periodSi `movida viRac kaci baal-
SaliSidan da moutana RvTisSvils pirvelmoweuli puri:
oci qeris puri da TavTavebi gudiT. Tqva elisem: mieciT
xalxs, SeWamon.
Tqva misma msaxurma: ra mivceT aqedan am as kacs?
uTxra: mieci xalxs Wamon, radgan ase ambobs ufali:
SeWamen da kidec morCebaT.
misca, Wames da kidec morCaT, uflis sityvisamebr~.23
axal aRTqmaSi 5000-is dapurebis saswauli oTxive
saxarebaSia moTxrobili. 4000-is dapurebas ki mxolod
maTes da markozis saxarebebSi vxvdebiT.
Cven vrclad ar SevexebiT am Zalze mniSvnelovani
saswaulebis detalebs. mxolod SevniSnavT, rom 4000-
is dapureba dRisiT xdeba, xolo 5000-is dapureba
Sebindebis Semdeg, rac erT-erTi Strixia imis miniSnebisa,
rom 4000-is saswauli Tanadrouli dRis cnobierebiTaa
aRqmuli, xolo 5000-is Rameuli gancdebi ufro momavlis
zegrZnobad gancdazea orientirebuli.
bibliaSi mravladaa epizodebi, sadac ricxviTi simbo­
loebi kacobriobis ganviTarebis sxvadasxva periodebs
gamosaxaven.
swored amgvar aspeqtSia mocemuli Zvel aRTqmaSi
elias gamocxadeba, roca mas ufalma xazaelis, elisesa da
iehus xeliT baalis morCili ebraelebis dasja daavala:
`vinc xazaelis maxvils gadaurCeba, iehu moklavs mas;
vinc iehus maxvils gadaurCeba, elise moklavs. davtoveb
israelSi Svidi aTas kacs: yvela muxls, romelic ar
modrekila baalis winaSe da yvela bages, romelsac ar
ukocnia misTvis~.24
am epizodSi ricxvi `Svidi aTasi~ zemoT ganxiluli
SinaarsiT ikiTxeba da mianiSnebs, rom aq saubaria imaze,
rom ebraelma xalxma bolo Jamamde unda miaRwios.
man arseboba gankiTxvis dRemde unda SeinarCunos.
amisTvis ki aucilebelia WeSmarit rwmenas daubrundes

_ 40 _
da sakuTar arsebaSi amoZirkvos yvelaferi, rac ki mas
ukve warmaval kultebTan akavSirebs. ebraelma erma unda
iarsebos kacobriobis evoluciis bolomde, anu meSvide
aTaswleulamde, meSvide epoqamde.
es aris mizanmimarTuli orientacia Soreul momavalze
_ ebraeli xalxisTvis momavlis gzis miniSneba.25
rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, mose me-4 kulturis damkvid­
rebisTvis ibrZoda. man 3000 daamarcxa (3000 warmarTi
ebraeli dasaja sikvdiliT) da 4000-is epoqa daamkvidra.
golgoTis movlena me-4 epoqis Tanadroulia. 3000
misTvis warsulia, 5000 _ momavali.
qristianobis mrwamsis damkvidrebas xSirad swored
ricxvi 4, 4 saukune, an 4000 ukavSirdeba. swored am
ricxviTi simbolikiT SeiZleba avxsnaT `moqcevis~ erTi
SexedviT ucnauri cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom sidonias
mamis abiaTaris asaki wminda ninos mcxeTaSi Camosvlisas
ukve meoTxe aseuls iTvlida. is periodi saqarTveloSi
swored qristianobis damkvidrebis dro iyo.
igive `moqcevaSi~ arsebobs kidev erTi ucnauri cnoba.
erTi SexedviT TariRebi areulia, radgan naTqvamia, rom
konstantine keisari da, saerTod, saberZneTi, moeqca
`dasabamiTgan welTa xuT aTas oTxas ormeocdaoTxsa,
xolo qristes amaRlebiTgan samas da aTerTmetsa~.
ese igi, dasabamidan 5444 weli gaigivebulia
amaRlebidan 311 welTan, anu rac igivea, qristeSobidan
344 (311+33=344) welTan.
amave dros imave teqstSi naTqvamia, rom `gardaxdes
qristes mosvlamde welni W∼f (5500), SobiTgan qristesiT
vidre juar-cumamde l∼g (33) da juar-cumiTgan qristesiT
vidre konstantine berZenTa mefisa monaTlvamde t∼ia
(311)~.26
gamodis, rom `moqcevis~ cnobaSi welTaRricxva
4 saukuniTaa gadanacvlebuli _ TiTqos qriste am
welTaRricxviT 400 wels daibada. erTi SexedviT sruli

_ 41 _
gaugebrobaa _ saberZneTi manamde gaqristianebula,
vidre qriste daibadeboda. es gaugebroba mxolod imiT
SeiZleba aixsnas, rom `moqcevis~ avtors imis miniSneba
undoda, rom am dros realuri kalendaruli IV saukune
ki ar iyo, aramed IV epoqa.
`moqcevis~ Semdgomi movlenebi ukve qarTuli
qristianuli kulturis momavalzea orientirebuli
da am Temas ricxviTi simbolikac agrZelebs. amjerad
`moqcevis~ am Tematikas ufro vrclad ar SevexebiT.
mxolod SevniSnavT, rom igive `moqcevaSi~ Zveli aRTqmis
msgavsad elias xati momavlis sulieri impulsebis
mimaniSnebelia _ igi bolo Jamzea orientirebuli.
Tavad elias saxeli niSnavs `RvTis gzas~, anu `mizans~.
elias sulieri gancda Zalze Taviseburia, rogorc
Zveli aRTqmis, aseve axali aRTqmis epoqaSi. mis suls
SeigrZnobdnen bunebis stiqiebSic _ qarSi, Weqa-quxilSi,
wvimaSi, mzis sxivSi... mas SesTxovdnen Svelas gvalvebis
drosac.
elias es saxe Zalze farTodaa warmodgenili qarTul
folklorSi, da saerTod, qarTul xalxur cnobierebaSi.
Zveli aRTqmis mixedviT, elias gza aris gza
momavlisken _ ukanaskneli Jamisaken. swored amitomac
mas ukavSirdeba 7000.
didi saswaulebia dakavSirebuli elias xalenTan,
romelic cad amaRlebisas man Tavis mowafes elises
dautova. swored es xaleni yofila dafluli mcxeTaSi _
igi gamxdara qarTveli xalxis kuTvnileba. radgan aseve
mcxeTaSi daifla uflis kvarTic, cxadia, maT Soris
arsebuli paraleli sruliad aSkaraa.
elias xalenis mcxeTaSi daflvis faqti mniSvnelovan
saidumlos gangvicxadebs _ igi qarTvel xalxs Soreuli
momavlisken mianiSnebs da amgvar mesianistur ideas
gamoxatavs _ qarTveli eri miaRwevs uflis meored
mosvlamde, anu meSvide epoqis bolomde. radgan elia

_ 42 _
aseT Soreul momavalzea orientirebuli, cxadia, misi
xalenis adgilis gacxadeba jer naadrevia da amitomac
`moqcevis~ mixedviT wminda ninos mier moZiebuli iqna
macxovris kvarTis saflavi, xolo elias xalenis samalavi
saidumlod iqna datovebuli `vidre Jamamde misa~.
elias xaleni amave dros winamorbedia uflis
kvarTisa. pirvelad igi miemgzavreba mcxeTaSi da uflis
kvarTis misaRebad amzadebs am adgils.
cxadia, arc isaa SemTxveviTi, rom ebraelTa is Sto,
romelic uflis kvarTisa da elias xalenis mcxeTaSi
yofnis saidumlos inaxavs, elia winaswarmetyvels
genealogiuradac ki ukavSirdeba. mcxeTaSi uflis kvarTis
Camomtansac saxelad swored eliosi hqvia. eliosi elias
gzis gamgrZelebelia, iseve, rogorc ebraul samyaroSi
igive funqcia elisem Seasrula.
qarTveli eris ukanasknel Jamamde miRwevis idea
aseve cxadadaa mocemuli kidev erT sasuliero teqstSi
_ `qebaY da didebaY qarTulisa enisaY~-Si.
am teqstSi gaismis erTgvari winaswarmetyveleba, rom
`damarxul ars enaY qarTuli dRemde meored mosvlisa
misisa sawamebelad, raYTa yovelsa enasa RmerTman amxilos
amiT eniTa~.
aseve naTqvamia, rom es ena `moelis mas meored
mosvlasa uflisasa~.
dReisTvis aRar aris sakamaTo, rom am teqstSi sityva
`enaSi~ ufro farTo gagebaa mocemuli, vidre sametyvelo
ena da igi zogadad qarTvel ersac gulisxmobs.
ase rom, ori teqstis erTi SexedviT ori gansxvavebuli
uwyeba _ moqcevis cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom mcxeTaSi elias
xalenia damarxuli da, meore mxriv, qarTuli enis meored
mosvlamde SenarCunebis imedi, faqtobrivad erTi da
imave mesianisturi ideis sxvadasxva aspeqtia.
qarTveli sulieri moZRvrebi imedovneben, rom qar­
Tvelma erma unda SeZlos kacobriobis xangrZlivi

_ 43 _
istoriis manZilze SeinarCunos arseboba da meSvide
epoqis bolos, gankiTxvis Jams cocxali eris saxiT miaR­
wios.

uflis kvarTi

rogorc aRvniSneT, elias xalenis mcxeTaSi daflva

erTgvari mosamzadebeli etapia igive regionSi ufro
mniSvnelovani siwmindis _ uflis kvarTis warmogzavnis
win. Zveli aRTqmis periodis, rogorc qristianuli
epoqis mosamzadebeli etapis Sesaxeb mravali saxis
interpretacia arsebobs. es epoqa imdenad vrceli da
mravalferovania, rom misi daxasiaTeba mravali aspeqtiT
SeiZleba.
golgoTis movlenamde sami aTaswleulis manZilze
kacobrioba TandaTan kargavda kavSirs sulier samya­
rosTan. samagierod, materialuri samyaros Semecnebis
Sedegad, mis Sinagan arsebaSi TviTcnobierebis saxiT
mtkice sayrdeni Camoyalibda. kacobriobam mniSvnelovani
codnac daagrova grZnobadi samyaros Sesaxeb.
imave periodSi TandaTan momzadda kacobriobis is
nakadi, sadac macxovari unda gansxeulebuliyo. SeiZleba
Tvali gavadevnoT im umniSvnelovanes movlenebs, ra­
mac SesaZlebeli gaxada grandiozuli sulieri aqtis
ganxorcieleba _ kacobriobisgan qristes arsis gacno­
biereba. am mosamzadebeli periodis Sesaxeb yvelaze
naTlad bibliaSia moTxrobili. ebraeli xalxis istoria
yvelaze cxadad warmoaCens im etapebs, rac win uZRoda
golgoTis movlenas.
erT-erT aspeqtSi qristemdeli sami aTaswleuli
SeiZleba warmodgenil iqnas rogorc sami umTavresi
etapi kacobriobis evoluciis gzaze. Zv. w. mesame aTas­

_ 44 _
wleulSi kacobriobas jer kidev hqonda sulieri samyaros
dabinduli Wvretis unari. nawilobriv Zveli mexsierebis
xarjze igi suleTs diferencirebuli saxiT ganicdida.
marTalia, yvela arsSi sulierebis gamovlenis gancda
arsebobda, magram cnobiereba jer ar iyo misuli im
safexurze, rom maT miRma raime erTiani mamoZravebeli
suliereba Seecno. erTRmerTis idea mxolod Canasaxovani
saxiT arsebobda. cxadlivi saxiT is mxolod abraamSi
gamovlinda. es periodi iyo Zveli welTaRricxvis III
aTaswleulis dasasruli da amdenad misi umTavresi
Semajamebeli Sedegic.
abraami ar iyo Zveli tipis naTelmxilveli, rome­
lic eqstazur mdgomareobaSi ukavSirdeba sulier
samyaros. abraami naTeli, dRis cnobierebiT azrovnebs.
am TvalsazrisiT igi Tavisi epoqis Svilia, magram am
axali unarebiT mainc axerxebs suleTTan axleburi
urTierTobis damyarebas. abraamSi ganviTarebulia axali
tipis RvTiuri cnobiereba. es cnobiereba TandaTan
Seerwya adamianis `me~-s. am gziT adamians ukve SeuZlia
RmerTis idea sakuTar `me~-sTan daakavSiros. samyaros
uzenaesi sulisa da adamianuri `me~-s kavSiri sruliad
axali etapia kacobriobis istoriaSi.
abraamTan es kavSiri jer kidev erovnuli sulis
doneze vlindeba. abraamSi gansakuTrebuladaa mocemuli
ebraeli eris koleqtiuri `me~-s mimarTeba samyaros
Semoqmed arsTan. abraami iahveSi mxolod Tavisi eris
RmerTs xedavs. es mxolod sawyisi etapia qristes
Semecnebis gzaze.
Zveli welTaRricxvis meore aTaswleulSi RmerTis
gamovlenis sfero kidev ufro axlobeli xdeba. mose ukve
bunebis stiqiebSi Seicnobs mas _ cecxlmodebul mayvlis
buCqSi, RrubelSi, Weqa-quxilSi. stiqiebSi sulierebis
gancda, cxadia, uZveles droSic arsebobda, magram moses
SemTxvevaSi gansxvavebul movlenasTan gvaqvs saqme. am

_ 45 _
naTelxilvaSi igi calkeuli stiqiebis sulebs ki ar
xedavs, aramed maT gamovlinebaSi yovelgvari sulierebis
gamaerTianebel uzenaes RvTaebas Seicnobs da, amave
dros, mas adamianis Sinagan `me~-sTan akavSirebs.
Zveli welTaRricxvis pirveli aTaswleuli ukve
im niSniT aRibeWdeba, rom ebrauli samyaros mier
saukuneebis manZilze mopovebuli gamocdileba sibrZnis
saxiT iwyebs Camoyalibebas. es movlena solomonisgan
iwyeba. RvTaebrivi gamocxadeba sibrZnis formas iRebs.
solomonis epoqaSi RmerTis arsi ierusalimSi agebuli
taZris simbolikaSi gamovlinda. es simbolika mTlianad
axali saxis RvTaebrivi gamocxadeba iyo. pirvel
aTaswleulSi es procesi TandaTan Rrmavdeba. solomonis
sibrZne sulieri cxovrebis yvela formas moicavs.
aseTi xangrZlivi evoluciuri procesis Semdeg
xdeba golgoTis movlena. kacobriobis istoria Tavisi
moZraobis mimarTulebas icvlis. es aris kacobriobis
Semobrunebis wertili.
Semdgom istoriasac Tavisi myari kanonzomiereba aqvs.
aRniSnuli `sami qristianobamdeli xanis ganmeoreba xdeba
qristianobis daarsebis Semdegac, oRond Sebrunebuli
rigiT~.27
qristianuli epoqis pirvel aTaswleulSi solomonis
sibrZnis axleburi interpretacia xdeba. swored es
sibrZnea saWiro imisTvis, rom kacobriobam golgoTaze
momxdari movlenis gaazreba SeZlos. Zveli aRTqmis sibrZne
qristianuli formiT aRorZinda. swored am periodSi
moRvawe didi mamebisa da saeklesio krebebis ZalisxmeviT
qristianuli dogmati Camoyalibda. Seiqmna sxvadasxva
saxis qristianuli ordenebi, graalis moZraoba. swored
pirvel aTaswleulSi momzadda misteriebis qristianuli
xedva.
axali epoqis meore aTaswleulSi ukve mosesTvis
damaxasiaTebeli impulsebis qristianul aRorZinebas

_ 46 _
vxedavT. es movlena sxvadasxva geografiul garemoSi
sxvadasxva saxiT ganviTarda. dasavleTSi mas mistikis
forma hqonda. saqarTveloSi igi Taviseburi saxiT
gamovlinda. aq bunebis movlenebTan Zveli kavSiri
iyo SenarCunebuli, magram masSi ukve qristes arsebis
Wvreta xdeboda. faqtobrivad, es iyo Zveli epoqis
uSualo memkvidreoba, romelic qristes impulsiT
iyo ganmsWvaluli. dasavleTSi aqcenti moses epoqis
im impulsebze gakeTda, sadac RvTaebis dakavSireba
Sinagan `me~-sTan xdeboda, roca moses RmerTis saxeli
axali formiT, `me var, romeli var~ ganecxada. swored
es iyo Sua evropis qristianuli mistikis safuZveli. aq
umTavresi qristes arsebis Sinagani gancda iyo.
saqarTveloSi axali welTaRricxvis pirvel aTas­
wleulSi gamovlenili sulieri aqcentebi srul simet­
riaSia winareqristianuli pirveli aTaswleulis bibliur
movlenebTan. axleburi qristianuli sibrZnis gamovlineba
saqarTveloSic qristianuli taZris mSeneblobis simbo­
likaSi gamoisaxa. es iyo mcxeTaSi wminda ninos mier
agebuli sveticxovlis taZari da masTan dakavSirebuli
umniSvnelovanesi sulieri movlenebi. es movlenebi aisaxa
`qarTlis moqcevaSi~ da masSi ganviTarebuli koncefcia
daedo safuZvlad saqarTvelos sulieri cxovrebis
samomavlo tendenciebs.
meore aTaswleulis dasawyisSi es koncefcia sruliad
dasrulebuli saxiT arsebobda. Tamaris epoqaSi mxolod
misi axleburi gadaazreba moxda _ igi axali epoqis enaze
gadmoica. es amocana saqarTvelos patriarqma nikoloz
I-ma Seasrula. rac Seexeba am aTaswleulis manZilze
saqarTveloSi ganviTarebul qristianuli cxovrebis
formas, igi Zalze specifikuri xasiaTiT gamoirCeva. es
aris Rrma kavSiri bunebasTan. suleTTan urTierTobis
uZvelesi formis SenarCunebiT da masTan qristianuli
msoflmxedvelobis SerwymiT sulieri cxovrebis Zalze

_ 47 _
saintereso forma yalibdeba. am faqts gansakuTrebiT
me-20 saukuneSi miaqcies yuradReba rogorc dasavlelma,
aseve rusma moazrovneebma. SeiZleba iTqvas, saqarTvelom
bunebasTan mimarTebaSi moses sulieri ganwyobileba
SeinarCuna, magram es iyo wmindad qristianuli cxovrebis
formiT.
amJamad kacobrioba mesame aTaswleulis karibWesTan
imyofeba. es epoqa mniSvnelovania zemoT warmodgenili
qristianuli msoflmxedvelobis mixedviTac da aseve
aRmosavluri warmodgeniTac.
`qarTlis moqcevis~ ZiriTadi koncefcia eyrdnoba
jer kidev qristianuli epoqis pirvel saukuneebSi
Camoyalibebul ideas imis Sesaxeb, rom golgoTis
movlena iyo kacobriobis istoriis Semobrunebis momenti
_ macxovris gankacebiT SesaZlebeli gaxda kacobriobis
sulieri degradaciis procesis SeCereba da misi aRmavali
mimarTulebiT ganviTareba.
is epoqa, romelic kacobriobis sulieri degradaciis
procesiT aRiniSneba, faqtobrivad, istoriis uaRresad
mniSvnelovani monakveTia. am sulier degradacias
Tan axlavs adamianis racionaluri azrovnebis swrafi
ganviTareba. movlenebi, rac kacobriobis istoriaSi
golgoTis wina aTaswleulebSi ganviTarda, msoflios
yvela didi religiisTvisaa cnobili, Tumca sxvadasxva
saxiTaa gadmocemuli.
induri mistikis mixedviT kacobriobis xangrZlivi
istoria garkveul periodebadaa dayofili. uZveles
droSi adamians Zalze uSualo kavSiri hqonda sulier
samyarosTan. adamianebi naTelxilviT Wvretdnen sulier
arsebebs da suleTSi mimdinare movlenebs. im dros adamians
praqtikulad ar hqonda gansjis unari. mas ar SeeZlo
cnebaTa kombinireba, racionaluri azris Camoyalibeba.
adamians aseve ar SeeZlo sakuTari `me~-s mkveTri SegrZneba.
igi sakuTar Tavs mTeli koleqtivis nawilad aRiqvamda.

_ 48 _
sakuTari individualobis mkeTri gamocalkeveba, rac
dRevandel civilizebul samyaroSi ase cxadlivaa
mocemuli, maSin sruliad uCveulo iyo. adamiani sakuTar
Tavs sulieri samyaros wevrad ganicdida. misi yuradReba
miwieri samyaros mimarT umniSvnelo iyo. igi ar eweoda
materiis kvlevas, mis praqtikul aTvisebas. aseTi kvlevis
unari mas saerTod arc hqonda. realur yofaSi adamianis
samuSao iaraRebi Zalze primitiuli iyo. es iyo Soreuli
qvis xanis adamiani. misi amgvari ganuviTareblobis fonze
misi sulieri gancdebi dRevandelisgan gansxvavebiT
diametrulad gansxvavebuli iyo. igi suleTis `moqalaqes~
warmoadgenda, Tumca sakuTari individualobis mkveTri
SegrZnebis gareSe.
kacobriobis istoriis am monakveTs yvela religiuri
moZRvreba icnobs. xSirad mas `oqros xanas~ uwodeben.
indur religiur moZRvrebaSi mas krita iuga ewodeba.
aRniSnuli xana ufro Zvelia, vidre bibliuri warRvna.
induri warmodgeniT oqros xanis periodad daaxloebiT
300-500 saukunis winandeli epoqa igulisxmeba.
kacobriobis evoluciis Semdgom periodSi adamiani
nel-nela dascilda sulier samyaros. misi miwieri
ganviTareba win wavida. azrovneba ufro racionaluri
gaxda. samagierod, adamianma dakarga suleTTan sakuTari
Serwymis grZnoba. marTalia, garkveul mdgomareobaSi igi
kvlav Wvretda sulier arsebebs, magram Zveli naTelxilva
bevrad ufro dabinduli iyo. is, rac adre sulieri xedvis
pirdapiri gamocdileba iyo, axla ukve mogonebad, sulier
codnad, sizmriseul xedvad, eqstazur mdgomareobaSi
xilvad movlenebad iqca.
kacobriobis istoriis am xanas aRmosavleTSi verc­-
x­lis xana, anu treta iuga ewodeba.
SemdgomSi kacobrioba ufro Rrmad CaeSva materialur
samyaroSi. misi racionaluri azrovneba gaZlierda,
sakuTari individualobis gancdac ufro mkveTri

_ 49 _
gaxda. paralelurad, sulier samyaros TiTqosda farda
Camoefara. misi Wvreta ukve adamianis yoveldRiur
bunebriv mdgomareobas aRar warmoadgenda. aseTi unarebi
ukve mxolod cakleul individebs hqondaT. sulieri
WvretisTvis gansakuTrebuli eqstazuri mdgomareobis
miRweva gaxda saWiro. am periodSi jer kidev cocxlobs
mogoneba im Zveli epoqisa, roca adamiani suleTis
`moqalaqe~ iyo. Zalian mdidaria suleTidan mopovebuli
gamocdilebac. koleqtiuri mexsiereba jer kidev did
sulier codnas inaxavs.
am epoqas igive induri terminologiiT dvapara
iuga, anu rkinis xana ewodeba. (cxadia, aq ar igulisxmeba
rkinis epoqa Tanamedrove istoriuli gagebiT, rac
rkinis iaraRebis gamoyenebas gulisxmobs). kacobriobis
materiaSi daSvebis procesi kvlavac gagrZelda da
daaxloebiT Zveli welTaRricxvis mesame aTaswleulis
dasawyisSi daiwyo egreT wodebuli kali iuga, anu
wyvdiadis epoqa.
am epoqaSi adamianis aRqmis unari ZiriTadad grZno­
badi samyaroTi Semoifargla. sulieri xedvis unari
calkeul individebsRa hqondaT. adamianma mTeli yurad­
Reba materialur samyaroze gadaitana. samagierod, am
garemoSi me-cnobierebis aqtiuri ganviTarebis xel­
sayreli pirobebi Seiqmna. suleTs mowyvetili adamiani
mniSvnelovnad koncentrirda sakuTar arsebaSi _ saku­
Tari arsebis koleqtivisgan gancalkevebis unari ganvi­
Tarda.
ra Tqma unda, es procesi saukuneebis manZilze nel-
nela mimdinareobda.
Zvelad adamiani sulierebas mTeli samyaros masStabiT
aRiqvamda. is mTlianad Tavisi arsebis gareT iyo
mimarTuli, TiTqos Tavisi Tavidan mudmivad `gamosuli~
iyo da Tavis arsebas suleTTan Serwymulad ganicdida.
golgoTis movlenebis wina periodSi adamiani imdenad

_ 50 _
mowyda suleTs da imdenad Caiketa Sinagan arsebaSi, rom
mas ukve aRar SeeZlo sulieri samyaros naTlad aRqma. mis
Sesaxeb mxolod garkveuli codnaRa hqonda. samagierod,
masSi gaZlierebul me-cnobierebas ukve gauCnda SesaZ­
lebloba suleTi sakuTar TavSi ganecada. sulier
samyaros ukve adamianis `me~-Si gamovlineba SeeZlo. ese
igi, gaCnda individualuri `me~-s suleTTan dakavSirebis
SesaZlebloba. swored amitomac moses epoqaSi RmerTis
saxeli sruliad axleburi formiT gamoisaxa _ `me var,
romeli var~. es ukve naTlad mianiSnebs kacobriobis
epoqalur mizans _ sakuTar `me~-Si RmerTis aRqmis SesaZ­
leblobas. SemdegSi ukve ioane naTlismcemeli auwyebs
kacobriobas caTa sasufevlis moaxloebis Sesaxeb. igi
mouwodebs adamianebs, rom maT unda Seicvalon sakuTari
mSvinvieri ganwyoba, unda Sinaganad ganiwmindon, radgan
caTa sasufeveli moaxloebulia _ igi adamianebamde Tavad
Camodis macxovris saxiT. adamianma sakuTar `me~-Si unda
Seicnos igi _ individualurad unda daukavSirdes mas.
kali-iugaSi, anu wyvdiadis epoqaSi adamians aRar
SeeZlo suleTamde amaRleba. fizikur-grZnobad samyaroSi
Tavad Camovida uzenaesi sulieri arseba _ ieso qriste.
saukuneTa manZilze adamianis `me~-c swored amisTvis
mzaddeboda. man evoluciis xangrZlivi procesi ganvlo,
raTa mis misaRebad saWiro unarebi ganeviTarebina.
kacobriobisTvis mxolod ase gaxda SesaZlebeli
sulier samyarosTan kavSiris aRdgena.
aRmosavluri warmodgeniT XIX saukunis bolos kali-
iuga dasrulda. daiwyo axali era, romelic 2500 wels
gagrZeldeba. kacobriobas axali amocanebis gadawyveta
mouwevs.
kacobriobis istoriaSi safuZveli eyreba sruliad
axlebur impulsebs, Tumca isini mkveTr simetrias
amJRavneben Zveli welTaRricxvis mesame aTaswleulis
sulier movlenebTan.

_ 51 _
 Tu Zveli welTaRricxvis III aTaswleulSi adami­ anma
TandaTan dakarga sulieri samyaros uSualo naTelxil­
viTi aRqma da samagierod, daiwyo misi me-cnobierebasTan
dakavSirebis procesi, axla ukve uku­procesTan gveqneba
saqme. abraamis Semdeg oTxi aTas­wleuli gavida. kacob­
riobis individualuri me-cnobiereba Tavisi ganviTa­
rebis maRal safexurs aRwevs. adamianis racionalurma
azrovnebam yofierebis yvela sfero moicva. dRevandeli
materialuri keTildReoba swored azrovnebis materi­
alistur formas efuZneba. materializmma Tavisi gan­
viTarebis piks miaRwia, magram ukve gamoikveTa am cno­
bierebis krizisis niSnebi. aRmoCnda, rom materializmis
mier damkvidrebuli keTildReoba sakmarisi ar aris
imisaTvis, rom adamianis yvela moTxovnileba dakmayo­
fildes, adamianma Tavi bednierad igrZnos. adamians, ro­
gorc arsebas, bunebrivad gaaCnia mSvinvieri da sulieri
moTxovnilebebi. sulier samyarosTan kavSiri misi erT-
erTi moTxovnilebaa. xSirad es grZnoba materializmis
kaSkaSa sinaTleSi dabindulia, magram qvecnobieri siRr­
midan igi mudmivad gvaxsenebs sakuTar arsebobas.
suleTTan mimarTebis forma Tanamedrove epoqaSi,
cxadia, gansxvavebulia, vidre igi, magaliTad, Zveli
welTaRricxvis III aTaswleulSi iyo. maSin adamians ar
hqonda ganviTarebuli individualuri cnobiereba.
marTalia, mas SeeZlo suleTis Wvreta, magram es iyo
bundovani, sizmriseuli Wvreta. dRevandel epoqaSic
bevr xalxSi SemorCenilia suleTTan urTierTobis
atavisturi formebi, roca xelovnuri eqstazis gziT
adamiani axerxebs sulier samyaroSi SeRwevas. suleTTan
urTierTobis es forma aranairad aRar Seesabameba
Tanamedrove civilizebuli samyaros cnobierebas. jer
kidev abraamidan daiwyo procesi, romelic qristianobiT
gagrZelda da romelmac kacobriobaSi naTeli, fxizeli
cnobiereba daamkvidra. marTalia, am periodSi suleTis

_ 52 _
xedva daibinda, magram kacobrioba swored im mijnas
miadga, roca igi axali saxiT unda ganviTardes _ adamians
nel-nela unda daubrundes sulieri samyaros xedvis
individualuri unari, magram es unda xdebodes naTeli
azrovnebis pirobebSi.
sulier samyaros kacobrioba arc gasul saukuneebSi
iyo mowyvetili. religiis ZiriTadi mizani, cxadia,
adamianTa suleTTan dakavSirebaa. amisTvis religia
iyenebs rituals da eyrdnoba saukuneebis manZilze
gamomuSavebul tradicias. religia aris kavSiri su­
lier samyarosTan da misi arseboba swored imitomaa
aucilebeli, rom kacobriobam es kavSiri dakarga. Zvel
droSi arsebobdnen misteriebi, romlebic imave funqcias
asrulebdnen. suleTis uSualo WvretisTvis isini
individs xeldasxmis gziT amzadebdnen. esec, cxadia,
suleTTan urTierTobis forma iyo.
qristianobis damkvidrebis Semdeg Zveli misteriebis
epoqa damTavrda. is ukve aRar Seesabameboda axali
epoqis moTxovnebs. qristianobam me-cnobiereba Rrmad
daakavSira SemoqmedTan. am kavSirSi Suamavali Tavad
qristea, xolo garegnul istoriul planSi am funqcias
qristianuli eklesia asrulebs.
adamianebma gansxeulebuli macxovari fizikur
sxeulSi ixiles. macxovarma maT adamianuri sityviT auwya
RvTaebrivi WeSmariteba. manamde solomons igi RvTaebrivi
sibrZnis gamocxadebiT mieniWa, mosem misi anarekli
bunebis stiqiebSi Seicno, xolo abraamma pirvelad aRiqva
igi, rogorc samyaros erTiani Semoqmedi.
momavalSi aRar aris gansazRvruli qristes kvlav
fizikur sxeulSi mosvla. aRdgomis Semdeg qriste
samudamod miwier samyarosTan kavSirSi darCa. rogorc
gveuwya, igi Cvens gverdiT iqneba `vidre aRsasrulamde
soflisa~.
warmarTuli epoqis xeldasxmulebi uzenaes sulier

_ 53 _
arsebas Soreul suleTSi Wvretdnen, zogi mis Secnobas
varskvlavur konstelaciebSi cdilobda. palestinaSi
macxovari adamianebTan TviTon mivida fizikurad. So­
reuli zeca TiTqos miwaze Camovida. am movlenas Zveli
winaswarmetyvelebic grZnobdnen. maTgan yvelaze didi,
ioane naTlismcemeli, uSualod Seeswro am movlenas.
bolos swored man mouwoda Tanamedroveebs, rom
momzadebuliyvnen am grandiozuli movlenisTvis. caTa
sasufeveli ukve miwaze eSveboda.
mas Semdeg kacobriobam oriaTaswliani gza ganvlo,
daaxloebiT imdeni, ramdenic am movlenisaTvis ada­
mianebis momzadebas dasWirda abraamidan qristemde.
es simetria sruliad TvalnaTelia. axali epoqis
sulieri moTxovnilebebic met-naklebad gamokveTilia.
ukanaskneli saukuneebis materializmis zeobis Sedegad,
marTalia, kacobriobam ganviTarebis maRal safexurs
miaRwia, magram adamianis sulieri moTxovnilebebis am
gziT dakmayofileba didi iluzia aRmoCnda. cnobierad,
Tu aracnobierad adamianebs kvlav gauCndaT ltolva
sulieri samyarosken. yvela xalxSi cnobierebis sxvadasxva
safexurze gaCnda kiTxva _ sad aris is sasufeveli,
romlis moaxloebac ioane naTlismcemelma gvaxara? maqvs
Tu ara me kavSiri masTan? qriste xom CvenTanaa `vidre
aRsasrulamde soflisa~? Tu qriste aRar gansxeuldeba,
maS adamianebma yofierebis romel sferoSi unda ixilon
igi?
bibliuri istoria swored imas gviyveba, rom qriste
Zalze Rrmad daukavSirda adamianis yvelaze ufro Sinagan
da intimur arss _ mis `me~-s. adamians me-cnobierebis gziT
Seswevs RvTaebis gancdis unari. adamians Tavis Sinagan
arsebaSi SeuZlia qristes xilva, magram es aris sulieri
ganviTarebis saboloo mizani, es aris ganviTarebis
maRali safexuri da, cxadia, kacobrioba erTbaSad ver
miaRwevs mas. kacobriobis gza yovelTvis safexurebisgan

_ 54 _
Sedgeba. mis evolucias gansazRvruli kanonzomiereba
aqvs.
caTa sasufeveli adamianis sxeulamde aRar Camova,
magram adamianebs Tavad miecaT imis Zala, rom Tavadac
gadadgan nabiji caTa sasufevlisken. vidre uzenaesi
sulieri arseba konkretul fizikur sxeulamde Ca­
movidoda, igi abraamis epoqaSi jer konkretul ers
daukavSirda. rCeuli eridan rCeul adamianamde Camos­
vlas ori aTaswleuli dasWirda. golgoTis Semdeg kidev
ori aTaswleuli gavida. qristianoba ar aris erovnuli
religia, magram realur istoriul planSi man mainc
SeinarCuna erovnuli niSnebi. dedamiwis sxvadasxva
nawilSi qristianuli aRmsareblobis gansxvavebuli
formebis arseboba swored amis Sedegia.
axali epoqis erT-erTi impulsi swored isaa, rom
kacobrioba nel-nela unda ganTavisufldes am erovnuli
da saxelmwifoebrivi SezRudulobisagan. momavalSi
Zneli dasajerebeli iqneba, rom dogmaturi sakiTxebis
gansxvavebuli interpretaciis niadagze qveynebi qveynebs
ebrZodnen, adamianebi erTmaneTs xocavdnen.
marTalia, sulieri samyaro fizikuri TvalisTvis
xilvadi ar aris da arc fizikuri yuriT ismineba, magram
rogorc istoria gviCvenebs, rwmenisTvis adamians myari
sayrdeni swored fizikur samyaroSi sWirdeba. swored
amisTvisac gaxda saWiro macxovris fizikuri saxiT
movlineba. radgan macxovari fizikurad aRar mova, maS
sad aris is fizikuri sfero, romelic yvelaze ufro
axloa adamianTan da romelSic mas SeuZlia suleTis
niSnebis Wvreta. cxadia, es aris is fizikuri atmosfero,
is fizikuri stiqiebi, romelSic adamiani cxovrobs.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, macxovris gankacebamde
uzenaes suls didi ebraeli moZRvrebi swored am sferoSi
Wvretdnen.
radgan qristesSemdeg epoqas aSkara simetria gaaCnia

_ 55 _
qristemdel epoqasTan, swored Cvens epoqaSi gamoikveTa
impulsebi, rom macxovris gancda adamians im garemoSic
SeeZlos, romelSic cxovrobs. abraami, mose da maTi
Tanamedroveebi mis anarekls iahves saxiT xedavdnen.
rogorc mTvare ireklavs mzis sinaTles, ase xedavdnen
iahves mTvareul arsebaSi WeSmariti mzis naTels.
kacobriobam evoluciis grZeli gza ganvlo da axla ukve
Tavad mzis xilvaa epoqis amocana. es procesi mTeli
ganvlili ori aTaswleulis periodSi mimdinareobda, da
swored TiTqosda winare epoqis sarkuli arekvlis saxiT
vlindeboda.
saqarTvelos sulier cxovrebaSic igi mkveTradaa
asaxuli. roca qristesSemdeg pirvel aTaswleulSi
mTel qristianul samyaroSi mimdinareobda solomonis
epoqis impulsebis arekvla, rac qristianobis gaazrebas
gulisxmobda, saqarTveloSic moxda misi Taviseburi
gamovlineba da qristianoba, rogorc saqarTvelos sulieri
cxovrebis ganmsazRvreli, sveticxovlis misteriis saxiT
Camoyalibda. es saRvTismetyvelo koncefcia qarTveli
sulieri moZRvrebis mier `qarTlis moqcevaSi~ gadmoica.
saqarTvelos sulieri cxovrebis Taviseburebebis gageba
am koncefciis gareSe SeuZlebelia. igi Cvenma didma
sulierma mamebma memkvidreobiT dagvitoves.
swored `moqcevaSia~ mocemuli, Tu ra TaviseburebebiT
unda ganviTardes saqarTvelos sulieri cxovreba.
rogorc solomonis taZris simbolokis enaze gadmoica
grandiozuli sulieri sibrZne, aseve sveticxovlis
simbolikaSi moxda misi qristianuli gadaazreba.
im periodSive gamoikveTa, rom warmarTuli sibrZnis
qristianobasTan sinTezma ori mimarTuleba warmoSva _
misi egzoteruli da ezoteruli nakadebi.
egzoteruli sibrZnis Sedegi gamoixata sayovelTao
qristianuli dogmatisa da kanonikuri eklesiuri
RvTismsaxurebis CamoyalibebaSi, xolo ezoterulma

_ 56 _
nakadma safuZveli Cauyara iseTi ordenebis Seqmnas,
romlebic piradi mistikuri gamocdilebiT da saukuneebis
manZilze dagrovili sulieri sibrZnis sinTezis gziT
cdilobdnen qristianobis gaazrebas. bevr qristianul
monasterSi es gayofa mkveTri ar iyo da orive nakadi
harmoniulad Tanaarsebobda.
Tanaarsebobis es forma niSandobliv damaxasiaTebelia
imdroindeli qarTuli sasuliero centrebisTvis. aq
ezoterizmi da egzoterizmi erTmaneTisgan ar gaTiSula.
am movlenis yvelaze ufro naTeli dadastureba swored
`qarTlis moqcevis~ da sveticxovlis taZris arsebobaa.
saqarTvelos sulieri cxovreba ufro metad
swored qristianuli mistikisken midrekili aRmoCnda.
dogmaturi RvTismetyvelebis kvleva aq ise mZlavrad
ar ganviTarebula, rogorc saberZneTis, egviptis, mcire
aziis sulier centrebSi.
es Tavisebureba meore aTaswleulis movlenebSic
SeimCneva. rogorc aRiniSna, am epoqaSi aqtualuri iyo
im impulsebis qristianuli gadamuSaveba, rac warmarTul
periodSi moses epoqas Seesabameboda.
mosem, erTi mxriv, SeZlo erTiani RmerTis bunebis
stiqiebSi Secnoba da, meore mxriv, igi adamianis me-
cnobierebas daukavSira.
es ori nakadic Taviseburad ganviTarda qristianuli
epoqis meore aTaswleulSi. dasavleTSi gamoikveTa
individualizmis gancdis arnaxuli aRmavloba, me-
cnobierebis Zalebis mkveTri gaZliereba.
saqarTveloSi meore nakadi aRmoCnda aqcentirebuli.
racionaluri azrovnebis ganviTareba sayovelTao saka­
cobrio procesia da mis niSnebs, cxadia, saqarTveloSic
vxedavT, magram aseve TvalnaTelia, rom aq moxda iseTi
movlena, rac dasavleTisTvis ar iyo damaxasiaTebeli.
dasavleTSi qristianoba Tu mTlianad mowyda bunebis
aRqmas, aq es kavSiri swored umTavres damaxasiaTebel

_ 57 _
niSnad iqca. saqarTveloSi ganviTarebulma qristianobam
TiTqosda mTlianad SeinarCuna moses epoqis memkvidreoba,
magram im gansxvavebiT, rom qristes gamovlineba Rrmad
daakavSira garemomcveli bunebis movlenebTan. bunebasTan
mimarTebaSi saqarTveloSi Camoyalibebuli sulieri
cxovrebis forma gansxvavdeba Tanamedrove ebrauli
msoflmxedvelobisgan. Tanamedrove iudaizmi mkveTrad
emijneba bunebis sulierebas, masSi kerpTayvanismcemlobis
ganaxlebis saSiSroebas xedavs.
saqarTveloSi dRemde SemorCenili qristianuli
cxovrebis forma da saxalxo tradiciebi bunebasTan
Rrma kavSiris naTeli dadasturebaa.
bunebrivad ibadeba kiTxva: ra ganwyobilebiT Sedis
saqarTvelo mesame aTaswleulSi? ra aris is ZiriTadi
Tavisebureba, rac misi sulieri cxovrebisTvis iqneba
damaxasiaTebeli? ra perspeqtiva dagvisaxes Cvenma suli­
erma winaprebma am mimarTulebiT?
cxadia, am TvalsazrisiT raime axali simboloebis
Zieba ar aris saWiro. is faqti, rom, rogorc Tamaris
Tanamedrove patriarqi nikoloz I brZanebs, saqarTvelo
winaswarve daiwinda uflis kvarTis movlinebiT, Tavis­
Tavad mianiSnebs am qveynis sulieri cxovrebis samomavlo
impulsebs.
qristemde oci saukuniT adre, abraamis epoqaSi
uzenaesma sulierma arsebam sakuTari Tavi erTi eris
farglebSi gaacxada, raTa oci saukunis Semdeg am erSi
qristes gansxeuleba gamxdariyo SesaZlebeli. abraami
cnobierebis axal formas udebs saTaves. atavisturi
naTelxilvis epoqa abraamTan mTavrdeba. axla adamiani
ukve naTeli cnobierebiT iwyebs uflis Secnobis
process. Tanamedrove epoqis abraamis epoqasTan simet­
ria imaSi gamoixateba, rom kacobriobis xangrZlivi
individualizaciis da mis me-cnobierebasTan RmerTis
cnebis mWidro dakavSirebis Semdeg ukve SesaZlebeli

_ 58 _
xdeba am xangrZlivi gamocdilebis xarjze kacobriobis
sulieri xedva ufro aqtiuri gaxdes, uflis Wvretis
unari ufro da ufro ganTavisufldes Tavis tvinisgan,
romelmac arnaxuli ganviTarebis miuxedavad, garkveul
zRvars miaRwia. misgan damkvidrebuli materializmi
dabrkolebad iqca sulieri cxovrebis gzaze.
qristianuli msoflmxedveloba qveynebis sazRvrebiT
daiyo, miuxedavad imisa, rom mis zeerovnulobas arc
erTi qristinuli ganStoeba ar uaryofs. aRmsareblobis
sferoSi realuri tolerantoba aucilebeli pirobaa
kacobriobis evoluciis Semdgom gzaze. qristes xilva
unda gascdes individualur da erovnul CarCoebs.
misi gamovlena sul ufro da ufro naTeli gaxdeba
adamianTa gamaerTianebel im fizikur sferoSi, romelic
sazRvrebiT ar iyofa. es aris is atmosfero, is bunebrivi,
`haerovani~ garsi, romliTac mTeli dedamiwaa moculi.
es iqneba qristes xilva ara fizikur sxeulSi, rac ukve
moxda golgoTaze, aramed dedamiwis sasicocxlo sxeulis
doneze _ mis sasicocxlo garemoSi. dedamiwis sasicocxlo
garemos aRqma fizikurad im movlenebSi xdeba, rac misi
atmosferuli garsisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli, rasac
farTo gagebiT, Zvelad `haeris garsi~ erqva da sulieri
simbolikis enaze uflis kvarTiT aRiniSneboda.
golgoTaze jariskacebma uflis tansacmeli gaina­
wiles. igi oTxad gaWres da qveynierebis oTxive mxares
waiRes. sulieri simbolikis enaze, uflis samosi niSnavs
dedamiwis zedapirs, anu im garemos, romelic xalxebs
erovnuli niSniT aqvT ganawilebuli. dedamiwa qristes
sxeulia. misi zedapiri, anu samosi sazRvrebiTaa
dayofili. adamianebi am sazRvrebs edavebian erTmaneTs.
amave dros, dedamiwas moicavs is sasicocxlo garemo,
anu sasicocxlo sxeuli, romelic yvelas saerTo
kuTvnilebaa. sasicocxlo `haeri~ yvelas erTnairad
ekuTvnis. misi simbolo uflis kvarTia, romlis dana­

_ 59 _
wevrebac golgoTaze ar SeiZleboda. igi wilisyriT
ergo saqarTvelos, rac Cveni mamebis ganmartebiT,
jil­do ki ar aris, aramed valdebulebaa. saqarTvelom
ganvlili oci saukunis manZilze, mravali Znelbedobis
miuxedavad, Rirseulad zida Tavisi qristianuli tvirTi.
Tanamedrove epoqaSi igi mTel kacobriobasTan erTad
ukve axali amocanebis winaSe dgas.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom axali epoqa swored im niSniT
iwyeba, rac niSandobliv ukavSirdeba uflis kvarTis
simbolos. qristianobis Semdgom mesame aTaswleuls
SeiZleba uflis kvarTis epoqa vuwodoT, radgan swored
am periodSi mTeli kacobriobisTvis swored is sulieri
impulsebi iqneba aqtualuri, rac uflis kvarTis sulieri
Sinaarsidan momdinareobs. samosis epoqa damTavrda.
qristianuli msoflmxedvelobis diferenciacias meti
perspeqtiva aRara aqvs. individualizmis ganviTarebis
gzaze mas raRac logika hqonda, magram axal epoqaSi ukve
gaerTianebis procesi iwyeba. gaerTianebis safuZveli
iqneba ara raime axali religiuri msoflmxedveloba,
aramed is saerTo sulieri xedva, rac TandaTan gaRr­
mavdeba da romlis gamovlenis sfero mTeli is bunebrivi
garemo iqneba, romliTac mTeli dedamiwaa moculi.
rwmenisTvis adamianebs jer kidev sWirdebaT xiluli
sayrdeni. qriste sakuTar Tavs dedamiwis sasicocxlo
garemoSi warmoaCens. misi sulieri simbolo uflis
kvarTia.
dasavleTis sulier cxovrebaSi qristianobis erTiani
Sinagani safuZvlis Zieba sxvadasxva ordenebis umTavres
amocanas warmoadgenda. am TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebiT
mniSvnelovania graalis misteria. graalis sulieri
ganwyobileba Zalze axloa uflis kvarTis sulier
SinaarsTan. dasavleTSi aqcenti qristianobis arsis
Sinagan ganWvretaze da am safuZvelze zogadsakacobrio
erTianobis miRwevaze gakeTda. uflis kvarTSi

_ 60 _
dedamiwis garemomcveli `haerovani~, anu eTeruli garsi
igulisxmeba. am TvalsazrisiT, uflis kvarTis simbolo
SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc graalis misteriis
aRmosavluri forma.
saqarTvelos mravalsaukunovani sulieri gamoc­
di­leba aqvs am sulieri xatis mimarT. axla es gancda
zogadsakacobrio amocanaa da saqarTveloSic misi axal
safexurze gadaazrebaa saWiro.
`qarTlis moqceva~ gvixatavs grandiozul suraT-xats.
aq, faqtobrivad, axsnilia, Tu ras warmoadgens kosmosuri
xis Ziri, romlis Zveli samyarodan SenarCunebac ufalma
brZana. mas unda daefuZnos kacobriobis sulieri
momavali _ axali kosmosuri xe.
`moqcevis~ koncefciis mixedviT, kosmosuri xis
Ziris ganaxleba mcxeTaSi moxda _ pirvelad imiT, rom
aq idumalad daimarxa elias xaleni, xolo golgoTis
movlenis Semdeg _ Tavad uflis kvarTi.
Zveli kosmosuri xe mTel kacobriobas da, saerTod,
mTel samyaros erTianad moicavda. momavalSi, axali
kosmosuri xe, anu sveticxoveli, aseve mTel kacobriobas
qristianuli saxiT warmoaCens. uflis kvarTi swored
am gamaerTianebeli qristianuli Zalis gamoxatulebaa.
mTeli dedamiwa, rogorc erTiani `haerovani~ stiqia,
erTianadaa moculi qristes arsebiT. es gancda swored
uflis kvarTSia mocemuli. am TvalsazrisiT, uflis
kvarTi aris sicocxlis xis ganaxlebuli Ziri, romelsac
momavali kosmosuri xe unda daefuZnos. fizikurad es
movlena sveticxovlis aRmarTebaSia gamoxatuli. mcxeTis
sveticxoveli kosmosuri xis momavali saxea.
uflis kvarTi _ es aris qristes gamovlinebis
(gamocxadebis) specifikuri saxe _ roca qriste xiluli
xdeba mTeli dedamiwis garemomcvel sasicocxlo
sferoSi. sulieri TvalsazrisiT, swored misi simboloa
uflis kvarTi. qristes xilva morwmuneebs sakuTar

_ 61 _
arsebaSic, sakuTar gulSic SeuZliaT, magram dedamiwis
`haerovan~ stiqiaSi mas urwmunoebic ixilaven. es ar
aris qristes fizikuri saxiT mosvla. qriste dedamiwis
eTerul sferoSi yvelasTvis xiluli gaxdeba. cnobierad,
Tu aracnobierad dRevandel epoqaSi ukve arsebobs am
movlenis dasawyisis SegrZneba.

SeniSvnebi:

1. nikoloz I qarTlis kaTalikoz-patriarqi, sakiTxavi

suetis cxovelisa kuarTisa saufloisa da kaTolike
eklesiisa, tfilisi, 1908, gv. 28-29
2. ix. SeniSvna 1, gv. 14
3. ix. SeniSvna 1, gv. 22
4. ucnobi avtori, moqcevaY qarTlisaY, Satberdis kre­
buli, Tbilisi, 1979, gv. 336
5. ix. SeniSvna 4, gv. 343
6. ix. SeniSvna 4, gv. 345
7. ix. SeniSvna 4, gv. 348
8. ix. SeniSvna 4, gv. 354
9. danieli, 4, 7-1
10. Эмиль Бок, Новый Завет в свете духовной науки, Издательство
«Новалис», 2007, ст. 522
11. ix. SeniSvna 4, gv. 348
12. ix. SeniSvna 4, gv. 351
13. ix. SeniSvna 4, gv. 342
14. ix. SeniSvna 4, gv. 342
15. ix. o. qvriviSvili, sveticxovlis misteria, Tbilisi,
2010

_ 62 _
16. ix. SeniSvna 4, gv. 348
17. ix. SeniSvna 4, gv. 354
18. ix. SeniSvna 4, gv. 339
19. leonti mroveli, cxovreba mefeTa, qarTuli mwer­
lo­ba, t. I, gv. 83
20. ix. SeniSvna 4, gv. 339
21. ix. SeniSvna 4, gv. 339
22. mesame mefeTa, 19, 15-18
23. meoTxe mefeTa, 4, 42-44
24. mesame mefeTa, 19, 17-18
25. Эмиль Бок, Новий завет в свете духовной науски, Новались,
2007, ст. 202
26. ix. SeniSvna 4, gv. 337
27. r. Staineri, qristes xelaxali gamocxadeba eTerulSi,
leqcia, Stutgarti, 6 marti, 1910

_ 63 _
 g r a a l is mot i v e bi s a q arTveloSi

nawili I

graalis istoriuli paralelebi

Sua saukuneebis evropaSi werilobiTi cnobebi gra­

alis Sesaxeb pirvelad XII saukunis bolos Cndeba. 1180
wels didi frangi poeti kretien de trua eposis formaSi
pirvelad gadmoscems graalis maZieblis ambavs.
odnav mogvianebiT, daaxloebiT 1190 wels, meore
frangi avtoris rober de boronis mier graalis Temaze
Seqmnili poema „ioseb arimaTieli“ qveyndeba. es teqsti
avtoris mier Cafiqrebuli vrceli poemis mxolod pirvel
nawils warmoadgens. poema daumTavrebeli darCa, magram
mxolod es pirveli nawilic uaRresad Rirebulia.
XIII saukunis dasawyisSi graalis Temam germanul
sam­
yaroSi gadainacvla. volfram fon eSenbaxma Sesa­
niS­nav poetur formaSi gadmosca kretien de truas mi­
er dawyebuli Tematika. es poema winamorbedebTan Se­
darebiT ufro srulyofilad mogviTxrobs graalTan
dakavSirebul motivebs.
daaxloebiT 1270-1280 wlebSi graalis Temaze Seq­
mnili kidev erTi saintereso poema qveyndeba. mis av­
torad albrext Sarfenbergeli iTvleba. masSi axali,
mniSvnelovani motivebia warmoCenili. aq detaluradaa
gadmocemuli Tavad graalis koSkis aRweriloba. amave
poemaSi graalis mcvelTa warmomavlobaa moyolili.
rober de boronma pirvelma warmoaCina graalis
kavSiri golgoTis movlenebTan. avtoris TqmiT, graali

_ 64 _
is Tasia, romlidanac macxovarma saidumlo serobisas
mociqulebi aziara. jvarcmisas macxovris Wrilobidan
gadmodenili sisxli ioseb arimaTielma amave TasSi
Seagrova.
rober de boroni gviyveba ioseb arimaTielisa da
misi mimdevrebis im qmedebebze, rac graalis wminda Tasis
aRmosavleTidan dasavleTSi gadatanas ukavSirdeba. am
SemTxvevaSi, graalis Tasis gadatanis areali uelsamdec
ki igulisxmeba. sxva teqstebis mixedviT graalis koS­
kis adgilsamyofelad espaneTis an safrangeTis sxva­
dasxva adgilebi igulisxmeba. yvela avtorTan vxvdebiT
miniSnebebs, rom am koSkis Zebna erT romelime gansaz­
Rvrul adgilze ar aris marTebuli. graalis koSki
grZnobadis miRmier sferoSi igulisxmeba. volfram fon
eSenbaxi ambobs, rom roca parcifali graalis koSkSi
moxvda, mas im manZilis daZleva mouwia, romlis dafarva
frinvelsac ki gauWirdeboda.
mTeli saukunis ganmavlobaSi (1180-1280 w.), kretien
de truadan albrextamde, graalis Tema farTovdeboda
da ixveweboda. misi istoriuli mxarec ufro da ufro
srulyofil saxes iRebda.
kretien de truas mier aRwerili oqros sasmisi
eSenbaxTan saswaulebrivi qviT icvleba. volfram fon
eSenbaxi graals saswaulebrivi qvis saxiT warmoadgens.
es qva zeciuri warmomavlobisaa. yovel vnebis xuTSabaTs
masze cidan mtredi eSveba. am dRes misi cxovelmyofeli
Zalis ganaxleba xdeba. am uwyebiT graalis istoria
ara Tu golgoTis movlenebidan, aramed ufro Sore­
uli warsulidan iRebs dasabams. qvis zecidan miRebis
ambavi gacilebiT adreul epoqaSi igulisxmeba. tradi­
ciis mixedviT, rodesac zecaSi luciferi RmerTs da­
upirispirda, miqaelisa da luciferis brZolisas es qva
luciferis gvirgvins mowyda da dedamiwaze Camovarda.
volfram fon eSenbaxi xazgasmiT miuTiTebs, rom

_ 65 _
miuxedavad imisa, rom graalis saidumlos srulyofili
gageba mxolod qristianulad monaTlulisTvisaa SesaZ­
lebeli, igi garkveuli saxiT warmarTul epoqaSic iyo
cnobili. vinme flegetanisma jer kidev qristianuli
naTlobis arsebobamde Seicno graalis saidumlo.
flegetanisi bunebis saidumloTa Rrmad mcodne yo­
fila, aseve SesaniSnavad erkveoda varskvlavTa moZ­raobis
saidumloebebsa da maTTan dakavSirebul adamianTa
bedis­weraSi. varskvlavuri damwerlobis codnam igi im
saidumlos Secnobamde miiyvana, rasac graali ewodeba.
teqstSi aRniSnulia, rom flegetanisis deda ebraeli
iyo, mama ki im warmarTuli Stodan, romelic xaris kults
scemda Tayvans. amave dros flegetanisi solomonis
Stodan momdinareobda.
rogorc vxedavT, volfram fon eSenbaxi graalis
istoriis erT-erT sakvanZo wertils solomonis epoqas
ukavSirebs1. eSenbaxis es miniSneba aSkarad solomonis
Tanamedrove xurams gulisxmobs. xuramis mama finikieli
warmarTi iyo, igi xaris kults scemda Tayvans, deda
ebraeli hyavda (bibliis mixedviT igi nefTalimis Sto­
dan iyo). swored xurami gaxldaT is xuroTmoZRvari,
romelmac ierusalimSi solomonis taZari aago.
solomonis taZris dangrevis Semdeg sxvadasxva sulier
mimdinareobebSi damkvidrda tradicia, romlis Tanaxmadac
xurami yvela im saqmianobis moZRvrad da mamamTavrad unda
miCneuliyo, rac kacobriobis „uxilavi taZris“ agebas gu­
lisxmobs. eSenbaxTan graalis raindebi „metaZreebad“ iwo­
debian. isini axali taZris saidumloTa mcvelebi arian.
rogorc eSenbaxi aRniSnavs, graalis istoria man didi
moZRvrisagan kiotisgan icis. kioti provanseli gaxldaT.
man Zvel CanawerebSi aRmoaCina arabul enaze dawerili
teqsti, romelic parcifalis Sesaxeb iuwyeboda. am
teqstis gulmodgine Seswavlis Semdeg man es istoria
frangul enaze gadmosca.

_ 66 _
 Tavad teqstidanac naTlad Cans, rom graalTan da­
kav­
Sirebuli sulieri impulsebi aRmosavleTidan mom­
dinareobs. graalis misteria aRmosavluri da dasavluri
sibrZnis sinTezia.
albrextTan aqcenti graalis gmirebis STamomav­
lobasa da naTesaur kavSirebze keTdeba. avtori mTel
genealogiur xes agebs. igi mogviTxrobs kapadokiis
mmarTvel vinme serabonis Sesaxeb, romelsac sami vaJi
hyavda. isini imperator vespasianes dros mis mier
warmoebul brZolebSi monawileobdnen. Zmebma Tavi ga­
moiCines ierusalimis aRebis dros. erT-erT maTgans,
beriluss imperatorma sakuTari qaliSvili miaTxova.
berilusma frankTa mefis titulic miiRo. danarCeni ori
Zmac dasavleTis samefoTa gamgeblebi gaxdnen. samive
Zma qristianulad moinaTla da maT gamgeblobaSi myofi
xalxic qristianebad moaqcia.
am monaTxrobSi SemTxveviT ar aris aRniSnuli, rom
movlenebi ierusalimis aRebas ukavSirdeba. sulieri
TvalsazrisiT, aq im moZraobis dawyeba igulisxmeba, rac
Zveli aRmosavluri sibrZnis gadasarCenad mis dasavleTSi
gadatanas gulisxmobs. Zveli taZari ingreva da dRis
wesrigSi axali „uxilavi taZris“ ageba dgeba.
am sami Zmis, sami mefis samSoblo kapadokiaa. es is
regionia, sadac im periodSi uZvelesi misteriuli cen­
trebi arsebobda da saidanac dasavleTisken mZlavri
sulieri impulsebis gavrceleba xdeboda.
graalis istoria ase grZeldeba:
berilusis vaJma titurizonma colad SeirTo ara­
gunis mefis qaliSvili. mravali wlis manZilze Svili ar
eZleodaT. col-qmarma ierusalimi moiloca da macxovris
saflavTan ufals Svilis micema SesTxova. maT eyolaT
vaJi, romelsac titureli daarqves. angelozma mSoblebs
auwya, rom es yrma qristianobisTvis mebrZolad gaizrde­
boda, Semdeg ki angelozTa mxedrobaSi iqneboda miRebuli.

_ 67 _
marTlac, titureli axalgazrdobidanve rCeul raindad
Camoyalibda da 50 wlis asakamde Tavdauzogavad ibrZoda
warmarTebis winaaRmdeg. am dros mas angelozebma auwyes,
rom igi arCeulia graalis mcvelad. titureli uRran tye­
Si arsebul mTaze _ monsalvatze damkvidrda. graali am
dros jer kidev uxilavi angelozebis gamgeblobaSi iyo da
miwierebamde ar iyo daSvebuli. titurelma mas am mTaze
mdidruli taZari auSena. albrexti dawvrilebiT aRwers
taZris brwyinvalebas. igi mTlianad Zvirfasi qvebiTaa age­
buli. Senoba mrgvalia, samocdaTormeti rvakuTxa qoroTi.
erT-erTi yvelaze didi qoro suliwmidisadmia miZ­
Rvnili. graalis taZris mfarveli swored suliwmidaa.
am qoros gverdiT RvTismSoblis qoroa, Semdeg ioane
naTlismcemlis, 12 mociqulis da a. S.
mSenebloba 30 welSi dasrulda da graali mxolod
amis Semdeg daeSva taZarSi.
graalis mefe titureli erTgulad asrulebda Tavis
movaleobas. igi ukve 400 wlisa iyo, roca ufleba mieca
ojaxi Seeqmna da STamomavlobaze ezruna.
graalis taZris wriuli forma mianiSnebs, rom igi
samyaros xatia. misi 30-wliani mSenebloba macxovris 30
welTanaa simetriaSi. graalisTvis dedamiwaze sxeulis
Seqmnas 30 weli dasWirda.
graalis taZari moazrebulia axali ierusalimis xa­
tadac. igi axali ierusalimis msgavsad Zvirfasi qve­bisgan
igeba.
graalis ordenis simbolo mtredia, rac erTxel
kidev mianiSnebs, rom is suliwmidis ordenia.
gavixsenoT, rom graalis mcvelTa STamomavlobaze
saubrisas mis fuZemdeblad kapadokieli berilusia mox­
seniebuli. titureli misi STamomavalia. teqstSi xazgas­
miT mieTiTeba, rom es saxeli Zvirfasi qvis berilusis
(qarTulad bivritis) dasaxelebidan momdinareobs.
Zveli tradiciis mixedviT es qva borot Zalebs

_ 68 _
gandevnis. sadac bivritia, iq negatiuri arsebebi Zalas
kargaven. igive tradiciiT, bivriti azrovnebis Zalebs
aZlierebs.
bivriti kargad atarebs sinaTles. amitomac igi sam­
Svinvelis ganwmendis simbolocaa. am TvalsazrisiT,
berilusidan momdinare STamomavlebis mizans ganwmendili
azrovnebis Camoyalibeba warmoadgens.2 igi sulier sinaT­
led gardaisaxeba.
bivrits mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia graalis taZris
aRwerilobaSi. taZris fanjrebis minebi bivritisaa. ese
igi, taZarSi sinaTle bivritis gavliT Sedis. iqidanac
samyaro bivritidan aRiqmeba.
graalis qvaTa simbolikidan SeiZleba gamovyoT kidev
erTi qva_ oniqsi. teqstSi xazgasmulia, rom munsalvatis
mTa mTlianad oniqsisaa. titurelma taZris agebamde
es mTa gawminda da sarkesaviT gaapriala. oniqsis
gaprialebul zedapirze uxilavma xelma taZris gegma
daxaza, ris mixedviTac taZris mSenebloba daiwyo.
graalis taZars sami kari hqonda (samxreTidan, dasav­
leTidan da CrdiloeTidan).
Tu zemoT moxmobil teqstebSi mocemul istoriul
faqtebs ganvixilavT da maT im periodis garegnul
istorias davukavSirebT, SeiZleba SevniSnoT, rom miu­
xedavad imisa, rom es teqstebi alegoriulia da maTSi
mocemuli istoriuli adgilebi ar Seesabameba realur
istoriul adgilebsa da realur istoriul movlenebs,
mTlianobaSi igi mainc Tanxvdeba im movlenebs, romlebic
im saukuneebSi viTardeboda. am SemTxvevaSi ufro aq­
centirebulia am movlenaTa sulieri mxare. magaliTad,
roca saubaria daaxloebiT VIII saukuneSi titurelis
brZolebze warmarTTa winaaRmdeg, igi namdvilad See­
sabameba istoriul realobas, ramdenadac swored VIII s-Si
da swored am teritoriaze _ samxreT evropaSi arabul
samyarosa da evropul qristianobas Soris gadamwyveti

_ 69 _
brZolebi mimdinareobda. es iyo brZola evropis momav­
lisaTvis.
Tavad am teqstebis Seqmnis periodic (ese igi,
1180-1200 wlebi), sruliad gansakuTrebuli droa.
am dros kaTolikuri romi daundobel inkviziciur
brZolas awarmoebs im ordenebis winaaRmdeg, romlebic
ar emor­ Cilebian roms da romlebic jer kidev
cdiloben pirveli saukuneebis qristianobis formebi
SeinarCunon. am ordenebSi gamoirCeodnen albigoelebi,
romlebic TiTqmis aTeuli saukunis ganmavlobaSi ar
emorCilebodnen roms (es exeba katarebsac, romlebic
igive moZraobasTan iyvnen dakavSirebuli). es ordenebi
ZiriTadad espaneTis da safrangeTis teritoriaze
arsebobda. brZola albigoelebis winaaRmdeg 1181-
1182 wlebSi daiwyo. am dros faqtobrivad miwasTan
iqna gasworebuli mTeli is kultura, romelic am
teritoriaze arsebobda. es jvarosnuli inkvizicia
1229 wels damTavrda, rasac „tuluzis mSvidoba“ ewoda.
faqtobrivad, tuluzis mSvidoba aris sruli ganadgureba
im brwyinvale kulturisa da im kulturis centrebisa,
romlebic mTlianad damwvari da dangreuli iqna romis
kaTolikuri inkviziciis Sedegad. ase rom, graalis
misteriebTan dakavSirebuli teqstebis gaCenas sruliad
logikuri axsna aqvs im TvalsazrisiT, rom am gziT iqna
gadarCenili is Zveli sibrZne, romelic am ordenebs
realurad hqondaT.
graalis misteriis Sesaxeb zemoT aRniSnuli yvela
teqsti alegoriuli formiT gadmoscems dasavleTis
sulieri cxovrebis im formis Sesaxeb, romelsac zogadad
graalis moZraoba ewodeboda, da romelic istoriulad
daaxloebiT VIII-X saukuneebSi Tanamedrove evropis
teritoriaze arsebobda.
bunebrivad ibadeba kiTxva: imave periodSi, rodesac
saqarTveloSi mZlavri kultura da intensiuri sulieri

_ 70 _
cxovreba Cqefda, arsebobda Tu ara aq analogiuri
moZraoba da ramdenad iyo is dakavSirebuli dasavleTis
sulier cxovrebasTan?
es kiTxva bunebrivia imdenad, ramdenadac sruliad
cxadia, rom Tavad graalis moZraoba da is impulsebi,
ramac dasavleTSi graalis saxe miiRo, momdinareobs
sa­
qarTvelos mezobeli da sulierad mWidrod dakavSi­
rebuli teritoriidan _ kapadokiidan.
aRniSnul periodSi sulieri cxovrebis forma aR­
mosavleTsa da dasavleTSi ukve mkveTrad gansxvavdeba
erTmaneTisagan da mkveTrad Tav-Tavisi damaxasiaTebeli
niSnebiT viTardeba.
graalis istoriis mkvlevrebs didi xnis ganmavlobaSi
saeWvod miaCndaT eSenbaxis is uwyeba, rom am didma
moazrovnem da poetma, graalis istoria viRac ucnobi
kiotisgan Seiswavla, romelsac Tavad didad afasebda.
Tavis mxriv, kiotma es istoria romeliRac aRmosavlur
teqstSi amoikiTxa. arada, es uwyeba TavisTavad sakmaod
axloa im realobasTan, rac eSenbaxis moRvaweobis
periodSi arsebobda. am dros Cveulebrivi movlena iyo
jvarosnebis mier aRmosavleTSi iseTi sulieri teqstebis
mopoveba, romlis msgavsic im periodSi dasavleTSi ar
arsebobda. daRmavlobis gzaze mdgar bizantiaSi aseTi
teqstebis mopoveba ukve SesaZlebeli iyo. jvarosnebs
es teqstebi evropaSi CahqondaT. xSirad es imdenad
Rirebuli da mniSvnelovani teqstebi gaxldaT, rom maTi
gavleniT moazrovneebi erTiandebodnen da ordenis
msgavs gaerTianebebs qmnidnen.
aRmosavleT saqristianoSi sulieri cxovreba nak­
lebad iyo daSlili erTmaneTisadmi dapirispirebul
garegan da Sinagan mxareebad. is sibrZne, rac eklesias
gaaCnda, rogorc qristianuli, ise warmarTuli, sinTezis
saxiT, monastrebis farglebSi arsebobda.
ra Tqma unda, dasavleTSi moxvedrili sulieri

_ 71 _
teqstebi sxvadasxva Rirebulebisa iyo. analogiuri
sulieri codna sxvadasxva saxiT, aRmosavleTSic rCeboda
da Taviseburad viTardeboda. amitom, unda vivaraudoT,
rom imgvari sulieri cxovreba, romelic dasavleTSi
graalis misteriebis saxiT ganviTarda, aRmosavleTSic
arsebobda, magram mas Tavisi garemoebebidan gamomdinare,
sruliad sxva saxe da sxva ganviTareba hqonda.
erT-erTi aseTi teqsti, romelic cnobilia qarTul
werilobiT wyaroebSi da romelic Tavisi sulieri
rangiT ar CamorCeba imdroindeli saqristianos arc
erT mniSvnelovan teqsts, aris „qarTlis moqceva“. masSi,
marTalia, gadmocemulia saqarTvelos gaqristianebis
istoria, magram am istorias ara aqvs wmindad statistikuri
saxe da igi Rrma alegoriul formebSia moTxrobili.
amjerad minda swored „qarTlis moqcevaSi“ mocemuli
uwyebebidan aqcenti gavakeToT ramdenime motivze,
romlebsac Sinagani kavSiri aqvs im sulier impulsebTan,
romlebic dasavleTSi sruliad gansxvavebuli formiT
graalis misteriebSia gadmocemuli.
saqarTvelo IV saukuneSi gaqristianda. igi gaaqris­
tiana wminda ninom. mogvianebiT saqarTveloSi wminda
giorgis kulti grandiozul masStabebs aRwevs. kapa­
dokielia rogorc wminda nino, aseve wminda giorgi.
SeiZleba aseve gavixsenoT, rom kapadokielebi arian
is wminda mamebic, romlebic IV saukuneSi moRvaweoben
da romlebic qmnian qristianuli cxovrebis dogmats:
basili didi, grigol RvTismetyveli, grigol noseli _
eseni arian is mamebi, romlebic uaRresad popularulebi
arian saqarTvelos saeklesio wreebSi da saerTod, mTel
aRmosavleT saqristianoSi. saqarTveloSi qristianoba
kapadokiidan vrceldeba da IV saukuneSi kapadokiis
su­
lieri cxovrebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli impulsebis
Semotana xdeba.
magram rodis moxda graalis misteriebis gadatana

_ 72 _
aRmosavleTidan dasavleTSi, kapadokiidan evropaSi?
titureli VIII saukuneSi qmnis graalis ordens. gavixsenoT,
ras mogviTxrobs teqsti titurelis moRvaweobasTan
dakavSirebiT. graalis mier mcvelad roca iqna arCeuli,
titureli maSin 50 wlis iyo. 400 wlisas mas neba daerTo
coli moeyvana da STamomavloba Seeqmna.
ras niSnavs 400 weli, oTxi saukune? Tu am oTx
saukunes VIII saukunes gamovaklebT, swored IV saukuneSi
aRmovCndebiT. ese igi, poemaSi xazgasmiTaa aRniSnuli, rom
graalis istoria kapadokiaSi ara VIII saukuneSi, aramed IV
saukuneSi iwyeba. sulieri cxovrebis es oTxsaukunovani
periodi (IV-VIII saukuneebi) gadmocemulia, rogorc
titurelis epoqa, rodesac titureli simbolurad
ganasaxierebs graalis mcvels. ese igi, erTsa da imave
periodSi kapadokiaSi ganviTarebuli sulieri cxovrebis
forma erTi mxriv, miemarTeba dasavleTisken da
mogvianebiT graalis misteriis saxiT yalibdeba, da meore
mxriv, igive sulieri nakadi moemarTeba saqarTvelosken
da aq qristianuli cxovrebis Tavisebur formas iRebs.
bunebrivia, sulieri cxovrebis am or _ aRmosavlur
da dasavlur formas Soris uTuod unda arsebobdes
sulieri naTesaoba.
„moqcevis“ mixedviT, wminda nino kapadokiidan ie­
rusalimSi miemgzavreba da roca iq Zalian mniSvnelovan
sulier ganaTlebas miiRebs, saqarTveloSi Camodis. es
uwyeba mniSvnelovania, radgan ierusalimidan momdinare
sulieri impulsebi aseve aqcentirebulia dasavleTSi
ganviTarebul graalis istoriaSic.
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, graalis pirveli mefe ti­
turelia, magram graalis genealogia ufro adreul
periodSi iwyeba. am Stos fuZemdebeli berilusia,
romelic aseve kapadokiidanaa. isic iTqva, rom berilusis
saxeli momdinareobs qvis saxelidan _ berilusidan,
rac qarTulad bivrits niSnavs. igive qva fanjris minis

_ 73 _
funqcias asrulebs graalis taZarSi. ese igi, graalis
misteriebis winare epoqa (titurelis winare epoqa)
simbolizebulia berilusiT. aseve miTiTebulia, rom
berilusi Tavidan warmarTi iyo, Semdeg moinaTla da
mefe gaxda.
axla davakvirdeT Tu rogor gadmoscems „qarTlis
moqceva“ saqarTveloSi qristianobis dafuZnebis gadam­
wyvet moments. es aris armazis kerpebis msxvrevis
epizodi. wminda nino modis warmarTul saqarTveloSi,
qalaq mcxeTasTan. is jer ar aris Sesuli mcxeTaSi.
mtkvris meore sanapiroze aRmarTulia armazis kerpebi.
locvis ZaliT, armazoba dRes, dResaswaulze myofi
mefisa da didebulebis Tvalwin wminda nino armazis
kerpebs amsxvrevs. es msxvreva sami dRe grZeldeba.
sami dRis Semdeg wminda nino damsxvreul kerpebTan
midis da namsxvrevebidan amoarCevs erTaderT bivritis
qvas, romelic armazis kerps Tvalis adgilas hqonda
Casmuli. armazis kerps hqonda ori Tvali _ erTi
bivritis, meore frcxilis, anu oniqsis. iRebs ra
bivritis Tvals, wminda nino mcxeTaSi qristianobis
saqadageblad gadadis. es epizodi simbolurad naTlad
mianiSnebs, rom im warmarTuli sulieri cxovrebidan,
romelsac warmarTuli qarTli eweoda, arsebobs raRac
mniSvnelovani da Rirebuli, rac aucileblad unda
iqnas gadatanili axali sulieri cxovrebis formaSi.
mtkvris erTi napiridan meoreze wminda ninos gadaaqvs
bivriti da masTan erTad sulieri cxovrebis axali
forma _ qristianoba. ra aris bivriti am SemTxvevaSi? igi
simbolurad gamoxatavs qarTlis warmarTuli sulieri
cxovrebis im memkvidreobas, romelic axal religiur
cxovrebasTan _ qristianobasTan axdens sinTezs.
rogorc vxedavT, or sxvadasxva konteqstSi bivritis
mniSvneloba erTi da igivea. amis garda, Tu graalis
taZarSi fanjris minis adgilas zis bivriti da igi

_ 74 _
akavSirebs Sida sivrces gare sivrcesTan, anu sinaTle
misi saSualebiT aRwevs SigniT, analogiuri mdgomareobaa
armazis kerpisTvisac. aq igi Tvalis adgilas zis. Tvali
adamianisTvis igive funqcias asrulebs, rasac SenobisTvis
fanjara. am SemTxvevaSic sulieri Sesabamisoba sruliad
aSkaraa.
berilusis TemasTan dakavSirebiT sxva mniSvnelovani
paralelebic arsebobs. rogorc aRvniSneT, berilusma
monawileoba miiRo warmarTebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi
da sabolood is frankTa mefe gaxda. is Cavida aR­
mosavleTidan dasavleTSi da qristes rjulze moaqcia
Tavisi gamgeblobis qveS myofi xalxi.
axla gavixsenoT, rogor gadmogvcems „qarTlis
moqceva“ wminda ninos winaparTa istorias. rogorc
irkveva, wminda ninos mamac, aseve warmarTebis winaaRmdeg
mebrZoli yofila. „moqcevis“ meore nawilis, „wminda
ninos cxovrebis“ pirvelive winadadeba gvauwyebs, rom
kapadokiaSi, im periodSi, rodesac wminda giorgi ewama,
cxovrobda erTi didebuli STamomavlobis axalgazrda
Wabuki („mTavarTa Sesabami“). es Wabuki wavida romSi
mefis winaSe msaxurebisaTvis. misi saxeli iyo zabiloni.
zabilonma didad gamoiCina Tavi romaelTa brZolaSi
branjTa winaaRmdeg. cnobilia, rom branji frankis
sinonimi gaxlavT. am brZolaSi man SeZlo frankTa
damarcxeba da isini mefes tyved mihgvara. mefem maTi
daxocva brZana, magram isini Seevedrnen zabilons, rom
maTTvis is rjuli mieca, romelic mas hqonda (igulisxmeba
qristianuli religia). gaxarebulma zabilonma amis
Sesaxeb mefes da patriarqs moaxsena, monaTla tyveebi
da Tavisufleba mianiWa. amis Semdeg mas aTi saerisTavos
mosaxleoba eaxla. moewyo maTi masobrivi naTloba
mdinareSi. naTlobas patriarqi da mefe eswrebodnen.
am SemTxvevaSi zabiloni frankTa ganmanaTleblad
gvevlineba. amis Semdeg mas colad mohyavs susana. maT

_ 75 _
SeeZinebaT wminda nino. roca wminda nino wamoizrdeba,
zabiloni ojaxs tovebs. igi, rogorc Cans berad ekurTxeba
da iordanes gadaRma midis. misi samyofeli icis mxolod
ufalma. is warmarTTa mosaqcevad ierusalimidan kvlav
dasavleTisken midis. ese igi, aq sruliad xazgasmulad
naCvenebia, rom kapadokieli mTavari, qristiani moRvawe
zabiloni, anu igive wminda ninos mama, did rols TamaSobs
dasavleTis xalxis, konkretulad, frankebis moqcevaSi.
Tu kvlav graalis misteriebTan dakavSirebul teqsts
gavixsenebT, SevniSnavT, rom swored titurelis winapari,
kapadokieli berilusi gaxda frankTa ganmanaTlebeli da
amave dros frankTa mefec.
rogorc vxedavT, kapadokieli Wabukis mier frankTa
moqceva da maTze mefoba (erT SemTxvevaSi igi mefea,
xolo meore SemTxvevaSi mas imorCilebs), analogiuria
aRmosavlur da dasavlur gadmocemebSi. erT SemTxvevaSi
kapadokieli Wabuki saTaves udebs graalis STamomavlobas
dasavleTSi, meore SemTxvevaSi is aris winapari wminda
ninosi da im sulieri nakadisa, romelic saqarTvelosken
moemarTeba da aq Tavisebur qristianul cxovrebis
formas ayalibebs. droSic sruli Tanxvedraa. es ambavi
kapadokiaSi IV saukuneSi moxda.
erT-erTi centraluri motivi, rac damaxasiaTebelia
graalis misteriebisTvis, kacobriobis „uxilavi taZris“
ageba gaxlavT. misi ZiriTadi Tematika swored amasTanaa
dakavSirebuli. daingra solomonis taZari, romelic iyo
ganmasaxierebeli Zveli, warmarTuli sibrZnisa da iwyeba
axali _ qristianuli epoqa. am axali msoflmxedvelobis
farglebSi saWiroa axali taZris ageba. aq igulisxmeba ara
mxolod fizikuri taZari, rogorc saxli uflisa, aramed
mTeli kacobriobis erTiani, uxilavi taZari. am ideas
Zalian detalurad da Zalian Rrma simbolur saxeebSi
gadmoscemen is teqstebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia
graalis TemasTan.

_ 76 _
 aRmosavleTSi, Tematika igivea, magram is ar aris
gadmocemuli ise Sefarulad, rogorc es Sua saukuneebis
zemoT ganxilul dasavlur teqstebSia. amis naTeli
dadasturebaa Tundac is, rom „qarTlis moqcevaSi”
ZiriTad Temad, romlis fonzec viTardeba qarTlis
moqcevis mTeli istoria, aRebulia swored taZris
mSenebloba. ese igi, „moqcevis“ mTavari siuJeti swored
mcxeTaSi pirveli qristianuli taZris mSeneblobas
ukavSirdeba. yvela is peripetiebi, rac dakavSirebulia
qarTlis moqcevasTan, mirian mefisa da nana dedoflis
gaqristianebasTan, swored am Tematikis irgvliv
trialebs _ es aris „moqcevis“ centraluri motivi. ese
igi, aqac paraleli sruliad cxadia. Tu eSenbaxis, kretien
de truas da sxva avtorebis teqstebSi Sefaruladaa
mocemuli am uxilavi taZris mSenebloba, is centraluri
Temaa nawarmoebebisa da ZiriTadad simboloebis saxiTaa
gadmocemuli, qarTul versiaSi is Zalian Riadaa
mocemuli. igi gadmogvcems sveticxovlis mSeneblobas.
ra Tqma unda, es mSenebloba saswaulebriv xasiaTs
atarebs da saswaulebriv formaSia moTxrobili. swored
es saswaulebi da masTan dakavSirebuli simboloebi
ganacxadeben ZiriTad ideas da ZiriTad simbolikas am
grandiozuli taZris mSeneblobisa.
rogorc vnaxeT, eSenbaxs Semoaqvs Zalian mniSvnelovani
suraT-xati. igi gadmogvcems, rom solomonis Tanamedrove
vinme flegetanisi iyo uaRresad Rrmad Semcnobeli
yovelgvari saidumloebebisa rogorc bunebaSi, aseve
varskvlavTmetyvelebaSi da man pirvelma Seicno graalis
saidumlo. es moxda jer kidev warmarTul epoqaSi.
aseve aSkarad naCvenebia, rom flegetanisis alegoriaSi
igulisxmeba bibliuri xurami, romelic iyo mSenebeli
solomonis taZrisa.
„qarTlis moqcevaSi“ es Tema imave suraT-xatebSia
gadmocemuli, magram ufro Riad, vidre dasavlur

_ 77 _
teqstebSi. aq mas arc saxeli aqvs Secvlili da garkveviT
mieniSneba, rom is aris mcxeTis movlenebis erT-erTi
inspiratori. „moqcevaSi“ pirvelad vxvdebiT xurams, ro­
melic aris mogvi da romlis gaqristianebac moxda, xolo
amis Semdeg wminda ninosTan dakavSirebul gamocxadebaSi,
rodesac igi agebs taZars, masTan modian mefeT-mefe
xurami da mefe xurami. isini modian sabastanidan, anu
sabas qveynidan. es istoria pirdapir imeorebs bibliur
simbolikas, bibliur suraT-xatebs, roca finikiis mefe
xuramma solomonTan gaagzavna xuroTmoZRvari xurami,
romelic agebs solomonis taZars. ese igi, mcxeTaSi
taZris mSeneblobaSi imaginaciurad monawileobs orive
xurami, mefec da solomonis taZris mSenebelic.
rogorc vxedavT, „qarTlis moqceva“ ufro Ria formiT
iZleva simboloebs. flegetanisis Sesaxeb Cven bevri unda
gvemsjela, rom mivxvedriliyaviT, rom swored is aris
xurami, radgan mas deda ebraeli hyavda, mama ki xaris
kultis mimdevari finikieli da a. S. xolo „qarTlis
moqceva“ am suraT-xats Zalian Riad, gamocxadebis
saxiT warmoadgens. mcxeTaSi xurami sabastanidan modis.
ierusalimis taZarTan dakavSirebuli gadmocemis mixed­
viT, sabas dedofali ierusalimSi sabastanidan Cavida
da xurams Sexvda. es suraT-xatebi „qarTlis moqcevaSi“
Zalian Riadaa warmodgenili.
dasavlur teqstebSi xazgasmiTaa aRniSnuli, rom
graalis SemecnebisaTvis aucilebelia Zveli sibrZnis
flobac. am Zvel sibrZneSi igulisxmeba varskvlavT­
metyveleba da bunebis Zalebis Rrma Semecneba. fle­
getanisi swored am unarebs flobda. Semdeg, mogvianebiT,
kioti, romelic aRmosvlur teqsts kiTxulobs, swored
am unarebis wyalobiT arkvevs mis Sinaarss da ukve
frangul enaze gadmoscems mas. eSenbaxis es uwyeba
sruliad xazgasmiT afiqsirebs, Tu ra mistikuri codnaa
saWiro imisTvis, rom graalis Tematika qristianuli

_ 78 _
TvalsazrisiT iqnas gagebuli. es motivi Zalian cxadadaa
mocemuli „moqcevaSi“, Tanac gacilebiT Riad, vidre
dasavlur teqstebSi. dasavlur teqstebSi Cven gvWirdeba
kvleva-Zieba da ganxilva iseTi fragmentebisa, sadac
saubaria, rom parcifali, magaliTad, midis cxeniT da
mTeli Ramis ganmavlobaSi Sehyurebs varskvlavebiT
moWedil cas. aseve unda gavixsenoT, rom is bavSvobidan
CaRrmavebulia bunebis idumalebaSi da usmens bunebas,
rom kiotma Zalian kargad SeiTvisa varskvlavTmetyveleba
da esmoda bunebis Zalebis saidumloebebi. „qarTlis
moqcevaSi“ mTeli teqsti swored am TematikiTaa gan­
msWvaluli. mTeli is gardaqmnebi, rac mcxeTaSi xdeba _ es
aris bunebis stiqiebis gardaqmna. mcxeTaSi sveticxovlis
aRmarTvas win uZRvis haeris, wylis, cecxlis da
miwis stiqiebis gardaqmna, maTgan negatiuri sulebis
gandevna da qristianuli impulsiT gamsWvalva; Semdeg
sveticxovlis aRmarTvas Tan axlavs saswaulebrivi
varskvlavis gamocxadeba, misi moZraoba aRmosavleTiT da
dasavleTiT. aq mTeli varskvlavTmetyvelebaa mocemuli
da swored am fonze xdeba sveticxovlis saswaulebi.
wminda nino swored is brZenia, romelic Semcnobelia
rogorc bunebis stiqiebis sulieri Zalebisa, aseve
varskvlavuri damwerlobisa.3 am mxrivac sruliad cxadia
graalis dasavluri Temisa da motivebis Sesabamisoba
aRmosavlurTan, anu „qarTlis moqcevaSi“ mocemul
TematikasTan.
arsebobs kidev erTi mniSvnelovani motivi, romelic
naTlad aCvenebs dasavluri graalis Temis Rrma kav­
Sirs aRmosavluri sulieri cxovrebis formasTan da
konkretulad sveticxovlis misteriasTan. es aris Tavad
graalis mimarTeba axladagebul taZarTan. kretien
de truasTan moTxrobilia, rom graali _ es aris is
barZimi, is sasmisi, romelic angelozTa gamgeblobaSia.
rodesac titureli dainiSna mis mcvelad da daiwyo

_ 79 _
taZris ageba, barZimi taZramde jer ar iyo daSvebuli, is
mSenebare taZris zemoT uxilav sivrceSi livlivebda da
angelozebi iyvnen misi mcvelebi. taZris mSenebloba 30
wlis ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda. graalis Tasi mxolod
Semdeg daeSva taZarSi.
rogorc viciT, analogiuri suraTi gvaqvs mcxeTaSic
sveticxovlis taZris mSeneblobisas; eqvsi svetis
aRmarTvis Semdeg moxdeba saswauli da meSvide svets
swored angelozi aRamaRlebs. cecxliT Semosili an­
gelozi caSi aRitacebs svets da Semdeg nel-nela dauSvebs
mas. sxva versiiT sveti Tavisi Ziridan ori wyrTis
simaRleze haerSi Cerdeba da ase haerSia gaCerebuli
didi xnis ganmavlobaSi. rogorc vxedavT, am SemTxvevaSi
aRmosavleTSi, konkretulad qarTul sulier garemoSi
mocemulia gansakuTrebuli simbolo _ cocxali, anu
sicocxlis momniWebeli sveti. aqve naTqvamia, rom is
im xisganaa Seqmnili, romelic Tavis mxriv sicocxlis
xesTanaa dakavSirebuli. is aris sicocxlis momniWebeli,
ganmkurnebeli yovelgvari sneulebisa da swored am
saswaulebrivi xisgan iqmneba sveticxoveli _ cocxali
sveti. masTan mravali sneuli modioda da SexebisTanave
ikurneboda. ese igi, graalis barZimis msgavsad isic
sicocxlis Zalebis momniWebelia.
kretien de truas teqstSi avtori gansakuTrebul
aqcents akeTebs graalis kavSirze sicocxlis xesTan da im
ZalebTan, rac bibliuri sicocxlis xidan momdinareobs.
graali aris maradiuli sicocxlis momniWebeli, adamianSi
im Zalebis gamaRviZebeli, romelic sawyisi etapidan,
samyaros Sesaqmedan arsebobs. Tavad adamianisTvis am
Zalebis moniWeba da maTi gacocxleba madlis saxiT xdeba.
ese igi, kretien de truasTan graalTan mimarTebaSi
gansakuTrebiT aqcentirebulia sicocxlis xis Tema.
kretien de truas mier aRwerili graalis Tasi
uSualo simetriaSia sveticxovlis centralur niSanTan

_ 80 _
_ cocxal svetTan _ orive maTgani swored bibliuri
sicocxlis xis Zalebis ganmacxadebelia.
gamomsaxvelobis TvalsazrisiT, am SemTxvevaSic
ana­
logiuri suraTia. kretien de truasTan am Temis
warmosaxvas CaRrmaveba sWirdeba. swored sulieri
kvle­vebis Sedegadaa garkveuli, rom graali Rrmadaa
dakavSirebuli sicocxlis xesTan. es Tema sveticxovlis
misteriaSi gaxsnilia. aq pirdapir mieniSneba, rom sve­
ticxovlis xe dgas mefis baRSi, romelsac samoTxe ewodeba.
meore saswaulebrivi xe tyeSi dgas da masTan miaxlebuli
daWrili cxovelebi inkurnebian, saswaulebrivad xdeba
misi mcxeTaSi gadmotana da jvris saxiT aRmarTva; amis
Semdegac is sicocxlis xis Zalebis ganmacxadebelia.
rober de boronis teqstis mixedviT, ioseb ari­
maTielis STamomavali qebroni dasavleTisaken miem­
gzavreba. iosebi mas gadascems graalis Tass da saidumlo
sityvas, romelic dakavSirebulia graalis misteriebTan.
analogiur simbolos „qarTlis moqcevaSic“ vxvdebiT.
angelozi wminda ninos saswaulebrivi svetis aRmarTvisas
sam saidumlo sityvas gadascems.
dasavluri teqstebis mixedviT graalis koSks aqvs
sami kari – dasavleTidan, samxreTidan da CrdiloeTidan.
Tu gavixsenebT „moqcevas“, iqac analogiur uwyebasTan
gvaqs saqme, oRond, am SemTxvevaSi, saubaria mcxeTaze.
mcxeTa mTlianad ierusalimis mixedviTaa agebuli. masSi
sveticxoveli swored ierusalimis taZris adgils ikavebs;
aq danarCeni ierusalimuri toponimebic meordeba.
mcxeTasac, wminda ninos uwyebiT, sami kari aqvs. XI
saukuneSi mesamed agebuli sveticxovelic samkariania.
am SemTxvevaSi Cven ganvixileT graalis misteriis
aRmosavluri da dasavluri formebi. dasavleT evropaSi
ganviTarebul iseT movlenas, rogoricaa graalis moZraoba,
Zalze TvalnaTeli paraleli gaaCnia aRmosavleTSi.
paralelebi sruliad naTelia rogorc droiTi, aseve

_ 81 _
Sinaarsobrivi TvalsazrisiT. orive sulieri nakadi
saTaves uSualod jvarcmis movlenidan iRebs. dasavluri
nakadisTvis umTavres simbolos macxovris Wrilobidan
gadmodenili sisxli warmoadgens, xolo aRmosavlur
sulier moZraobas, konkretulad, saqarTveloSi Camo­
yalibebul sulier moZraobas safuZvlad edeba iseTi
mniSvnelovani siwminde, rogoricaa uflis kvarTi. uf­
lis kvarTis istoriac swored golgoTidan iwyeba.
jvarcmis Semdeg, gadmocemis mixedviT, wilisyris Se­
degad uflis kvarTi mcxeTel ebraelebs ergoT. maT igi
mcxeTaSi Camoitanes. IV saukunemde, anu saqarTveloSi
qristianobis gavrcelebamde kvarTis adgilsamyofeli
gasaidumloebuli iyo. wminda ninos saqarTveloSi
Camosvlis Semdeg uflis kvarTis saflavze sveticxovlis
taZari aigo. am movlenebTan dakavSirebuli zepirsityvieri
gadmocema imdroindel sasuliero wreebSi arsebobda.
cnobili ar aris, rodis Caiwera es istoria, magram faqtia,
rom IX saukuneSi, mas ukve Camoyalibebuli werilobiTi
Zeglis saxe hqonda. aSkarad mieniSneba, rom igi swored
IV saukunidan momdinareobs, radgan teqsti sxvadasxva
avtoris mier pirvel pirSia moyolili. movlenis Sesaxeb
misi umTavresi monawileebi (wminda nino, mirian mefe,
sidonia, abiaTari) gadmogvcemen.
teqstis minawerSi xazgasmiTaa aRniSnuli, rom es
teqsti didi xnis ganmavlobaSi sulier winamZRvarTagan
Segnebulad iyo gasaidumloebuli. daaxloebiT IX sau­
kuneSi ukve SesaZlebeli gaxda misi gamoaSkaraveba.
oRond, es movlena monastris farglebs ar gascilebia.
mogvianebiT, XII saukunis bolos „moqcevis“ teqsti
kidev ufro „gaxalxurda“. igi gadakeTda eklesiaSi
mrev­lisTvis sakiTxavad da damatebiTi komentarebic
daerTo. es samuSao kaTalikos-patriarqma nikoloz I-ma
(gulaberiZem) Seasrula.
graalis aRmosavluri motivebi alegoriuli saxiT

_ 82 _
warmoCinda rusTvelis poemaSi, „vefxistyaosanSi“.
nikoloz I da rusTveli swored kretien de truasa
da eSenbaxis Tanamedroveni iyvnen.
IX-XIII saukuneebSi „moqcevis“ sxva versiebic Seiqmna,
sadac avtorebi Seecadnen wina planze sxvadasxva sulieri
aspeqtebi wamoewiaT.
Tu graalTan dakavSirebul istorias gavixsenebT,
SevamCnevT, rom msgavseba TvalnaTelia. orive teqsti
Tavis umTavres siwmindes jvarcmis movlenas ukavSirebs,
winare istoriul winamZRvrebs ki solomonis epoqas,
kerZod, solomonis taZris mSenebel xurams. I-IV sa­ u­
kuneebSi movlenebi dafarulad viTardeboda. IV sauku­
neSi kapadokiaSi iwyeba sulieri moZraoba, romelic
dasavleTisken vrceldeba da iq graalis misteriad
yalibdeba. iwyeba titurelis 400 wliani epoqa. imav­
droulad aRmosavleTSi, da kerZod qarTlSi uflis
kvarTis irgvliv aseve dafaruli moZRvreba iqmneba.
rogorc irkveva, am movlenis Sesaxeb jer kidev IV
saukuneSivea cnobili saberZneTSi. rogorc berZnuli
istoriuli dokumentebi iuwyebian, IV saukuneSive igi
saqarTvelos imdroindel ufliswuls bakurs Cautania
saberZneTSi. VIII-IX saukuneebSi rogorc dasavluri
graalis, aseve aRmosavluri uflis kvarTis istoria,
Camoyalibebul saxes iRebs. dasavleTSi igi werilobiTi
saxiT jer ar arsebobs (Tu ar CavTvliT am istoriis
aRmosavlur versias, romelic arabul enaze dawerili
Sevida evropaSi da mogvianebiT kiotis mier iqna
amocnobili).
dasavleTSi, realur planSi, graalis moZraoba swo­
red VIII-X saukuneebSi arsebobda, magram am istoriis
saxalxod gacxadeba XII-XIII saukuneebSi moxda, rodesac
saero poemebi Seiqmna. saqarTveloSi IX-XII saukuneebSi
ukve arsebobs teqstebi „moqcevis“ Sesaxeb, magram isini
samonastro farglebSia moqceuli. XII-XIII saukuneebSi

_ 83 _
am teqstebs aqac meti saero xasiaTi eZleva. isini
sayovelTao sakiTxavi xdebian.
rogorc vxedavT, aRniSnuli aRmosavluri da dasav­
luri istoriebi garegnuladac ki aSkarad msgavsia.
graalisa da uflis kvarTis misteriebs aseve aSkara
msgavseba gaaCniaT Sinaarsobrivi TvalsazrisiTac. SeiZ­
leba SevadaroT maTi damaxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi simbo­
loebis _ graalisa da uflis kvarTis sulieri mniSv­
nelobebi.
graali, ra saxiTac unda iyos igi warmodgenili,
Tasi iqneba igi, Tu saswaulebrivi qva, Tavisi sulieri
mniSvnelobiT migvaniSnebs sulieri cxovrebis yvelaze
ufro uSinaganes nawilze. igi qristianobis Sinagan,
sakralur nawils gamijnavs misi garegnuli formisagan.
graali aris swored sulieri cxovrebis safuZvelTa
safuZveli, misi Sinagani arsi. swored amitomac igi
scildeba Cveulebrivi garegnuli faqtorebiT Se­
mosazRvrul farglebs da zogadsakacobrio siwmindis
saxes iRebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom graalis misteria
Rrmad qristianuli movlenaa, igi gulisxmobs yvela
erisa da aRmsareblobis adamianTa SesaZlo Tanaziarobas.
masSi mocemulia dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis sulieri
erTianobis ideali _ zogadsakacobrio sulieri erToba
_ kacobriobis erTiani taZari.
Tu gavixsenebT uflis kvarTis, rogorc sulieri
sim­
bolos mniSvnelobas, davinaxavT, rom graalis
simbolosTan misi simetria sruliad aSkaraa.
Zveli tradiciis mixedviT, uflis kvarTi, rogorc
sulieri simbolo, ganasaxierebs im haerovan garss, ro­
melic dedamiwas gars akravs da erTianad moicavs mTel
kacobriobas, miuxadavad erovnebisa da socialuri mdgo­
mareobisa. msgavsad haerisa, romelic veranairi qveynebis
sazRvrebiT ver gaiyofa, kvarTic ar aris danawevrebuli.
uflis kvarTi zogadsakacobrio siwmindea.

_ 84 _
 rogorc vxedavT, erTiani, globaluri kulturis
sulieri safuZvlebi naTladaa mocemuli rogorc da­
savlur graalis moZraobaSi, aseve aRmosavluri su­lieri
cxovrebis im formaSi, romlis umTavres simbolosac
uflis kvarTi warmoadgens. es idea imxanad upirveles
yovlisa sulier erTobas gulisxmobda. mxolod
mogvianebiT, daaxloebiT XVII-XVIII saukuneebidan am ideam
garegnul planSi gadainacvla da TandaTan politizebuli
xasiaTi miiRo. Tanamedrove droSi es garegani nakadi
globalizaciis sayovelTao moZraobaSi gardaisaxa.
is faqti, rom graalis misteriebis dasavluri forma
saTaves aRmosavleTidan iRebs, Tavad am misteriebis
Sesaxeb arsebul teqstebSia miTiTebuli. kretien de
truas, rober de boronis da volfram fon eSenbaxis
teqstebidan sruliad cxadia, rom isini manamde arsebul
werilobiT teqstebs eyrdnobian. am teqstebSi mocemuli
movlenebi meqanikurad, statistikurad ar asaxaven
istorias. aq moxsenebul toponimebSi am regionebidan
momdinare sulier impulsebze maxvildeba yuradReba.
rogorc irkveva, graalis misteriebis erT-erTi sulieri
pirvelwyaro swored kavkasiidan momdinareobs. volfram
fon eSenbaxs moxsenebuli aqvs kavkasiis qedTan arsebuli
qveyana _ tauroniti (tabroniti). aqedan momdinareobs
mZlavri misteriuli kultura. marTalia, am qveynis
saxeli alegoriulia, magram kavkasia, rogorc sulieri
fenomeni, cxadia sruli realobaa. igi mWidrodaa
dakavSirebuli graalis misteriis safuZvlebTan.
aseve bevri Tqmula da dawerila qarTul sulier
kulturaSi SemorCenil im suraT-xatebzec, romlebic
aSkara kavSirs amJRavneben graalis misteriisTvis
damaxasiaTebel simbolikasTan.
cnobilma germanelma mecnierma frank taixmanma
vrceli gamokvleva miuZRvna kavkasiur kulturaSi
arsebuli im motivebis Seswavlas, romlebic uSualod

_ 85 _
enaTesaveba dasavleTSi arsebul graalis moZraobas.4
rogorc irkveva, imdroindeli saqarTvelos sulieri
cxovreba Rrmadaa gamsWvaluli graalis moZraobisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli TematikiT.
graalis moZraobis amsaxveli dasavluri teqstebi
xazgasmiT aRniSnaven, rom, imis garda, rom graalis
moZraobis safuZvlebi aRmosavleTidan momdinareobs, misi
momavalic aRmosavleTs ukavSirdeba. graalis momavali
mefe ioane swored aRmosavleTSi mcxovrebi faireficis
Zea. Tavis mxriv, fairefici parcifalis naxevarZmaa.
aRiarebulia, rom Tavisi SinaarsiT graalis moZraoba,
faqtobrivad, dasavluri da aRmosavluri sulieri
sibrZnis sinTezia. amgvari ganwyobileba niSandoblivad
damaxasiaTebelia qarTuli kulturisTvisac.
graalTan dakavSirebuli evropuli teqstebis mo­
nacemebi imdenad axloa imave periodis aRmosavlur sulier
movlenebTan, rom amgvari msgavseba SemTxveviTobad ver
CaiTvleba. sruliad aSkaraa, rom maTi pirvelwyaro erTi
da igivea. rogorc irkveva, IV saukuneSi kapadokiaSi
Camoyalibebuli mZlavri qristianuli impulsebi ori­
ve mimarTulebiT _ aRmosavleTiT da dasavleTiT
gavrcelda. saqarTveloSi igi mcxeTuri qristianuli
misteriis saxiT Camoyalibda, xolo dasavleTSi msgavsi
sulieri moZraoba SemdegSi graalis moZraobis saxeliT
gaxda cnobili.
kapadokiaSi es mZlavri qristianuli impulsebi imave
periodSi ibadeba, roca mis paralelurad qristianuli
dogmatis Camoyalibeba xdeba. qristianuli dogmati,
romlis Semoqmednic ZiriTadad swored kapadokieli
mamebi arian, safuZvlad edeba qristianul saeklesio
cxovrebas, xolo meore nakadi ufro samonastro
kedlebis simyudroveSi agrZelebs arsebobas.
im periodSi saqarTvelo da kapadokia mezobeli
teritoriebi iyo. maT Soris sulieri kavSirebi uaRresad

_ 86 _
mWidro unda yofiliyo. imdroindel saqarTveloSi
mZlavri warmarTuli kultura arsebobda. kapadokiur
garemosTan urTierTobaSi masac uTuod eqneboda
zemoqmedebis Zala. am or garemos Soris sulier
urTierTobas ormxrivi saxe unda hqonoda. amgvari
kavSirebis arseboba ganxiluli sulieri moZraobebis
farglebSic naTlad vlindeba. erT-erTi amgvari kavSiris
Sesaxeb qvemoT ufro konkretul magaliTze dayrdnobiT
visaubrebT.

_ 87 _
 nawili II

iaspi

zemoT bivritisa da oniqsis (frcxilis) magaliTze

naCvenebi iyo graalis aRmosavluri da dasavluri formebis
kavSiri Zvirfasi qvebis simbolikasTan. graalis motivebi
yvelaze ufro Rrmad dakavSirebulia iseT bibliur
qvasTan, rogoricaa iaspi. iaspis simbolikas didi adgili
ukavia ara mxolod graalis istoriaSi, aramed bibliur
teqstebSic. amitomac saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi es Tema
mkvlevarTagan gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebda.
dReisTvis mineralogebi bunebaSi arsebul 2000-mde
minerals iTvlian. maTgan daaxloebiT 70 sxvadasxva
xarisxis Zvirfasi qvaa.5
Sua saukuneebidan moyolebuli, bunebismetyvelebis
intensiuri ganviTarebis Sedegad, didZali informacia
iqna mopovebuli qvebis fizikuri, qimiuri, samedicino
da sxva unar-TvisebaTa Sesaxeb. miuxedavad imisa, rom
sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebma yvelaze farTod swored
mineraluri samyaro aiTvises, Tavad Zvirfasi qvebis
klasifikaciis sferoSi erTiani suraTis Seqmna mainc ver
moxerxda. axali mecnieruli monacemebi bevr sakiTxSi
mkveTr winaaRmdegobaSi aRmoGnda Zvirfasi qvebis Sesaxeb
arsebul Zvel warmodgenebTan. amis ZiriTadi mizezi
isaa, rom Zvelad qvebis mniSvnelobaTa gansazRvrisas
umTavresi yuradReba maTTan dakavSirebul sulier
aspeqtebs eqceoda. im dros qvebis ferebsac ki ufro didi
mniSvneloba eniWeboda, vidre maT qimiur Sedgenilobas.
axal epoqaSi aqcenti ukve molekulur aRnagobasa da
saiuveliro maxasiaTeblebze gadavida. Zvirfasma qvebma
mniSvnelovani adgili daikava komerciis sferoSi da
umTavres niSnad maTi komerciuli Rirebuleba iqca.
Sua saukuneebamde Zvirfasi qvebis mniSvnelobaTa

_ 88 _
gansazRvrisTvis ZiriTad amosaval wyaros bibliis
teqsti warmoadgenda. Zvirfasi qvebis sistematizebuli
saxiT warmodgenil suraT-xats pirvelad Zvel aRTqmaSi
vxvdebiT.
moses ufali ecxadeba da aswavlis, Tu rogor unda
daamzados aaronis samkerde dafa (samkerduli). masze
oTx rigad ganlagebulia sam-sami Zvirfasi qva. es
Tormeti qva iakobis Tormet Zes, anu israelTa Tormet
toms Seesabameba. qvebze israelTa calkeuli tomebis
saxelebia amotvifruli (gamosvlaTa 28,17-21; 39,10-14).
aaronis samkerdulze Zvrifasi Tvlebi amgvari
TanmimdevrobiTaa mocemuli:
I rigi: sardioni, topazi, zurmuxti;
II rigi: anTraki, safironi, iaspi;
III rigi: ligvirioni, agati, ameTvisto;
IV rigi: qrizoliti, bivriti, oniqsi
Semdeg, ezekielis gamocxadebaSi kvlav vxvdebiT
Zvirfasi qvebis CamonaTvals. aq ukve edemis baRSi
arsebul Zvirfas qvebzea saubari (ezekieli 28,13).
Zveli aRTqmis orive epizodSi Zvirfas qvebTan da­
kavSirebuli suraT-xatebi gamocxadebis saxiTaa war­
modgenili. igive kanonzomiereba axal aRTqmaSic daculia.
ioanes gamocxadebaSi aRwerili axali ierusalimi swored
Zvirfasi qvebisganaa agebuli.
ioanes gamocxadebis IV TavSi ukve cxadi xdeba, rom
bibliuri qvebis CamonaTvalSi gansakuTrebuli aqcenti
iaspze keTdeba:
„myisve viyavi sulSi: da ai, taxti idga caSi da erTi
mjdomare taxtze.
da es mjdomare waagavda iaspis qvas da sardions.“
(gamocxadeba ioanesi 4, 2-3).
Semdgom epizodSi iaspis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba

_ 89 _
kidev ufro ikveTeba. axla ukve axali ierusalimis
daxasiaTebaSi eniWeba mas centraluri mniSvneloba:
„wamiyvana sulSi did da maRal mTaze da maCvena
wminda qalaqi ierusalimi, romelic cidan Camodioda
RmerTisagan:
mas aqvs RmerTis dideba; misi Suqi msgavsia Zvirfasi
qvisa, TiTqos iaspis qva, broliviT gamWvirvale“
(gamocxadeba ioanesi, 21,10-11).
male irkveva, rom axali ierusalimis galavani swored
iaspiTaa nagebi: „misi galavani iaspiT aris nagebi, da
qalaqi _ wminda oqro, msgavsi wminda minisa“ (gamocxadeba
ioanesi, 21,18).
iaspis monawileoba axali ierusalimis aRwerilobaSi
amiT ar amoiwureba da galavnis saZirkvlebis daxa­
siaTebisas igi pirveli galavnis saZirkvlis aRwerisasaa
moxseniebuli:
„qalaqis galavnis saZirkvlebi mopirkeTebulia yo­
vel­nairi Zvirfasi qvebiT, pirvelis saZirkveli iaspisa,
meore _ safironi, mesame _ qalkedoni...“ (gamocxadeba
ioanesi 21,19).
sruliad aSkaraa, rom ioane maxareblis GamonaTvali
uSualo simetriaSia aaronis samkerdulis qvebis Ca­
monaTvalTan. praqtikulad ioanec igive qvebs asaxelebs,
magram maTi ganlageba gadaadgilebulia. Tormetidan
rva qvis dasaxeleba orive CamonaTvalSi zustad emTxveva
erTmaneTs (iaspi, safironi, zurmuxti, sardioni, qri­
zoliti, bivriti, topazi, ameTvisto). ioanesTan oTxi
qva gansxvavebulia (qalkedoni, sardoniqsi, qrizoprazi,
iakinTi), magram rogorc Cans, am cvlilebebisas qvebi
ZiriTadad igive jiSis qvebiTaa Secvlili. magaliTad,
aaronis dafis oniqsis nacvlad dasaxelebulia sar­
doniqsi. isini praqtikulad erTi da igive jiSis qvebia.
sardoniqsic igive oniqsia. igi sardiniaSi moipoveboda da
saxeli sardoniqsi, anu sardiniis oniqsi swored aqedan

_ 90 _
momdinareobs.
ioane maxarebeli uyuradRebod ar tovebs im
faqts, rom moses gamocxadebaSi (aaronis samkerdulze)
TiToeul qvas israelis TiToeuli tomi Seesabameboda.
igi aRniSnavs, rom axal ierusalims Tormeti WiSkari aqvs
da maTze „dawerilia saxelebi _ israelis ZeTa Tormeti
tomisa“. am SemTxvevaSic aaronis samkerdulis msgavsad
es Tormeti saxeli sam-samadaa dayofili: „sami WiSkari
aRmosavleTiT, sami WiSkari _ CrdiloeTidan, sami
WiSkari _ samxreTidan da sami WiSkari _ dasavleTidan“.
rac Seexeba macxovris Tormet mowafes, maTi saxelebi
ukve Tormet saZirkvelzea warwerili. aseve am Tormet
saZirkvels Seesabameba Tormeti Zvirfasi qvac. ese
igi, am SemTxvevaSi qvebis dasaxelebebi qalaqis sa­
Zirkvlebis garda mociqulTa saxelebis mixedviTacaa
gadanawilebuli.
Zveli da axali aRTqmis es gamocxadebebi myar
safuZvels qmnidnen imisaTvis, rom pirveli saukuneebis
moRvaweebs vrclad emsjelaT bibliur qvaTa sulieri
mniSvnelobebis Sesaxeb.
aRmosavluri wyaroebis mixedviTac irkveva, rom mas
aseve gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeboda sxvadasxva
aRmosavlur religiur simbolikaSi. magaliTad, Cinur
literaturaSi arc erTi Zvirfasi qva ise xSirad
ar moixsenieba, rogorc iaspi. TiTqmis yovelgvari
didebuleba aq iaspTan asocirdeba. sulieri samyaros
yvelaze ufro Rrma saidumloebis gacxadeba swored
iaspis meSveobiT miaCniaT SesaZleblad. Cinur daosur
msoflmxedvelobaSi iaspi cis simboloa. amave dros
igi adamianisa da samyaros momavali gardasaxvis
gamomsaxvelicaa. Cinur astrologiaSi varskvlavuri
wris erT-erT zodiaqos „iaspis Wa“ ewodeba.6
qvebis axali, mineralogiuri kuTxiT ganxilva im
kulturul arealSi daiwyo, romelic yvelaze ufro

_ 91 _
naklebad eyrdnoboda Zvel mistikur warmodgenebs.
pirveli aTaswleulis bolos arabuli samyaro yvelaze
ufro materialisturad ixilavda fizikur samyaros.
mineralogiis sabunebismetyvelo mimarTulebas myari
safuZveli Cauyara X saukunis didma mecnierma al-bi­
runma (moRvaweobda Tanamedrove uzbekeTis mxareSi). man
Zvirfas qvaTa sulieri mniSvnelobebidan aqcentebi maT
fizikur maxasiaTeblebze gadaitana. mineralebis miseul
daxasiaTebasa da klasifikacias dRemde ar daukargavs
mniSvneloba.
SeiZleba aseve SevniSnoT, rom daaxloebiT imave
periodSi Zvirfasi qvebis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovani codna
arsebobda saqarTveloSic. rogorc gamokvleulia, SoTa
rusTvelis „vefxistyaosanSi“ 18 saxeobis qva 215-jeraa
dasaxelebuli.7 amave dros sruliad aSkaraa, rom rus­
Tve­li kargad erkveva rogorc qvebis tradiciul su­
lier mniSvnelobebSi, aseve maT mineralogiur maxasi­
aTeblebSic.
Sua saukuneebidan aSkarad SeiniSneba, rom Zvirfas
qvebTan dakavSirebuli Zveli codna degradacias
ganicdis, xolo sabunebismetyvelo kvlevis Sedegebi
sul ufro vrcel informacias agrovebs qvebis fizikur-
qimiuri aRwerilobis sferoSi.

***

rogorc vnaxeT, jer aaronis samkerdulis da

Semdeg ki axali ierusalimis simbolikaSi Tormeti
qvaa dasaxelebuli. bunebrivia, swored am qvebma
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daimsaxures Semdgomi peri­
odis mkvlevrebisagan. ukanasknel periodamde zRva
informacia vrceldeba bibliuri qvebis sulieri
simbolikis, astrologiuri, samedicino, mineralogiuri,
saiuveliro, etimologiuri da sxva saxis niSan-TvisebaTa
_ 92 _
Sesaxeb.
gansakuTrebuli interesi iaspis kvlevam gamoiwvia.
miuxedavad imisa, rom saiuveliro TvalsazrisiT igi Zvi­
radRirebuli qvebis rigSi saerTod ar Sedis (igi naxevrad
Zvirfasi qvaa), ioanes gamocxadebaSi da Zveli drois sasu­
liero teqstebSi mas sruliad gamorCeuli adgili ukavia.
amjerad gvinda Tqveni yuradReba am umTavresi
bibliuri qvis saxelis etimologiaze gavamaxviloT.
Tanamedrove dasavlur enebSi iaspis dasaxeleba
Sevida misi Zveli berZnuli saxelidan _ iaspi (berZnulad:
I[aspi;r, laTinurad: Jaspis). dadgenilia, rom es dasaxeleba
ar aris berZnuli warmomavlobis. arsebobs mravali
varaudi, Tu saidan SeiZleboda es termini berZnul enaSi
moxvedriliyo. filologebis didi nawili varaudobs,
rom es sityva saberZneTSi aRmosavleTis romeliRac
qveynidan unda Sesuliyo, Tumca konkretuli regionis
dadgena ver moxerxda.8
saerTod, qvebis dasaxelebis warmoSoba Zalze xSirad
swored im geografiul adgils ukavSirdeba, sadac is
moipoveba. magaliTad, qalkedonis dasaxeleba libiis
qalaq qalkedonidan momdinareobs; sardionma saxeli
mcire aziis qalaq sardisidan miiRo. rogorc aRvniSneT,
sardoniqsi kunZul sardiniaze moipoveboda da amis gamo
mas sardiniis oniqsi, anu sardoniqsi ewoda; gagatis
saxels Zveli lidiis qalaq gagais ukavSireben, xolo
radgan aqati (agati) siciliis mdinare axatis auzSi
moipoveboda, dasaxelebac amis gamo miuRia.9 saiuveliro
qvis almadinis dasaxeleba mcire aziis qalaq alabadins
ukavSirdeba.10 rogorc wminda epifane kvipreli iuwyeba,
topazi indoeTis qalaq tobazeSi moipoveba.11
topazis etimologiasTan dakavSirebiT, marTalia,
plinius-ufrosi gansxvavebuli azrisaa, magram am sa­
xelis warmoSobas isic mopovebis adgils ukavSirebs.
pliniusis azriT topazma wiTel zRvaSi mdebare kunZul

_ 93 _
topazosidan miiRo dasaxeleba.
arsebobs SemTxvevebi, roca Zvirfasi qva dasa­
xe­
lebas sxva niSniT, magaliTad, feris, an raime ga­
morCeuli Tvisebis mixedviT iRebs, Tumca mopovebis
adgilis mixedviT qvebis saxeldeba erT-erTi yvelaze
gavrcelebuli movlenaa.
ramdenadac qvebis saxelTa etimologia Zalze xSirad
maTi mopovebis adgils ukavSirdeba, cxadia, amgvari
SesaZlebloba iaspis SemTxvevaSic bunebrivad SeiZleba
davuSvaT.
gavixsenoT, ras mogviTxrobs IV saukuneSi moRvawe
wminda epifane kvipreli (315-403 w.) iaspis mopovebasTan
dakavSirebiT: igi aRniSnavs, rom mwvane iaspi moipoveba
„maxloblad Termogondos mdinaresa da maxloblad
iamanTesa“. wiTeli iaspi „ipovebis quabTa Sina mTaTa maT
sidesia¡saTa, romel ars fr¢gias“. Semdeg wminda mama
yuradRebas amaxvilebs iaspis gamorCeul saxeobaze da
gvauwyebs:
„da sxua ars, romeli unaTles ars da msgavs alisa
da kuamlisa, uspetakes da ubrwyinvalesRa. da romelnime
zRaparTagan ity¢an, viTarmed TualTa sacnaur ra¡me
yvian. da ipovebis ese sazRvarTa qarTlisaTa da gorganeTs
da queyanasa mas kaspTasa, sada arian naTesavni“. 12
am teqstis es Zveli qarTuli versia Satberdis
krebulSia mocemuli.
epifane kviprelis Txzulebis („TvalTa¡s“) berZnuli
dedani, garda calkeuli fragmentebisa da Semoklebuli
versiebisa, dakargulia. qarTulis garda SemorCenilia
laTinuri, kopturi da somxuri versiebi. es versiebic ar
aris sruli. yvela am versiis mimoxilvis Semdeg cnobili
mecnieri r. bleiki im azramde mivida, rom qarTuli
versia somxuridanaa naTargmni.13
gansaxilveli fragmentis dazustebisTvis
ganvixiloT berZnuli originali da laTinuri versia:14

_ 94 _
 berZnuli:
Eu;revvqh de; para; #Ibhrsi cai poimevsin @Grcanw\n toi\z cata;
th;n Kaspivan ; gh\n.
am teqsts Tu sityva-sityviT Tanamedrove qarTuliT
gadmovcemT, Semdegi Sinaarsi gveqneba: (iaspi) moipoveba
iberielebTan da hirkanel mwyemsebTan, romlebic kaspiis
miwis maxloblad cxovroben.
igive teqsti berZnulidan laTinurad amgvarad ga­
dauTargmniaT:
Repertum est autem ab Hiberis et pastoribus Hyrcanorum, qui circa
Caspium solum lacumque consistunt.
aseve Tanamedrove qarTuliT igi SeiZleba ase
gavigoT: (iaspi) moipoveba iberielebTan da maT momdevno
hirkanelebTan, romlebic kaspiis zRvis irgvliv
cxovroben.
rogorc vxedavT, Zveli qarTuli da laTinuri
versiebi erTgvarad daaxloebiT gadmoscemen Sinaarss.
mTlianobaSi laTinur versiaSi berZnuli originalis
Sinaarsi sworadaa gadmocemuli, magram masSi kaspiis miwis
nacvlad kaspiis zRvis irgvliv arsebuli teritoria
weria. kaspiis zRvasTan kaspTa tomis mkvidrobas im­
droindeli sxva werilobiTi wyaroebic iuwyebian. ber­
Znul dedanSi kaspiis zRva saerTod araa naxsenebi.
qarTul versiaSi termini „iberia“ Secvlilia „qar­
TliT“, xolo „hirkaneTi“ _ „gorganeTiT“. rogorc Cans,
Targmnis periodSi saqarTveloSi ukve es terminebi iyo
miRebuli. Zneli saTqmelia, qarTuli versia namdvilad
somxuridan aris Tu ara naTargmni, magram aSkaraa,
rom masSi arsebobs gansxvavebebi berZnul teqstTan
SedarebiT:
gamoTqma „iberielebTan“ gagebulia rogorc „iberiis
sazRarze“, berZnuli teqstis mixedviT hirkaneTi kaspTa
miwis mezoblad igulisxmeba, qarTul versiaSi ki es cnoba
kaspiis qveyanaSi iaspis mopovebis ambadaa warmodgenili.

_ 95 _
qarTveli mTargmneli cdilobs am fragmentis dazustebas
da boloSi Tavis mxriv amatebs _ „sada arian naTesavni“,
rac erTgvar komentars warmoadgens da gulisxmobs, rom
am teritoriebze monaTesave xalxebi cxovroben.
toponim „hirkaneTis“ Sesaxebac bevri mosazrebaa
gamoTqmuli. bevri mkvlevris azriT hirkanelebic erT-er­
Ti qarTveluri tomia. magaliTad, akademikosi g. wereTe­
li am tomis dasaxelebis fuZes „hirk“-s somxur „virq“-Tan
akavSirebs, rac Tavis mxriv iberias niSnavs. qarTul ver­
siaSi mocemuli misi Sesabamisi „gorganeTi“-c dRevandeli
qvemo qarTlis garkveul teritorias gulisxmobs. ro­
gorc Cans, qarTvel mTargmnels swored amis dazusteba
undoda, roca daamata _ „sada arian naTesavni“.
Tu berZnul da laTinur versiebsac gaviTvaliswinebT,
SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom epifane kviprelis uwyebiT
alisferi iaspis gansakuTrebuli saxeoba moipoveba
iberiaSi (anu qarTlSi) da hirkaneTSi (anu gorganeTSi),
romelic kaspTa miwis mezoblad mdebareobs. kaspTa
miwaSi igulisxmeba iberielTa da hirkanelTa mezobeli
kaspiebis tomis samkvidro teritoria, romelic im
epoqaSi kaspiis zRvis napirebze arsebobda.
epifane kvipreli sxva Zvirfas qvebze saubrisas
sagangebod aRniSnavs am qvaTa saxelebis warmoSobis
istorias. iaspis SemTxvevaSi, rogorc Cans, avtors ar
gaaCnia amgvari informacia. qarTlSi da hirkaneTSi iaspis
mopovebis ambavs avtori gadmogvcems rogorc istoriul
realobas, terminis etimologias ki ar exeba. ese igi, IV
saukuneSi epifane kviprelis garemoSi ukve daviwyebulia,
Tu saidan warmoiSva berZnul enaSi iaspis dasaxeleba.
Zvel wyaroebSi toponimi „kaspi“ sxvadasxva regionTan
mimarTebaSi moixsenieba. rogorc aRiniSna, erTi, es aris
kaspiis zRva da mis sanapiroze mosaxle kaspiebis tomi
(rogorc Cans, zRvasac swored amitom uwodes es saxeli).
meore „kaspi“ moxsenebulia qarTlis teritoriaze

_ 96 _
arsebuli qalaqis saxiT.
kaspiebis tomi uZveles wyaroebSi xSiradaa mox­ se­
nebuli.
bizantiel mweralTagan gansakuTrebiT bevrni ixse­
nieben kavkasionis qedze arsebul „kaspiis kars“. rogorc
irkveva, am saxelSi erTi da igive kari ar igulisxmeba.
es teqstebi xan darubands gulisxmoben, xanac darials.
jer kidev pliniusi „kaspiis karad“ darials Tvlida.
prokofic „kaspiis karSi“ darials gulisxmobda. am
mosazrebas sxva mwerlebic imeoreben, magram arcTu
iSviaTad darubandi, anu albaneTis karic aseve „kaspiis
karad“ moixsenieba.
bizantiur teqstebSi iseTi SemTxvevebicaa, rodesac
„kaspiis karis“ dasaxelebaSi saerTod romeliRac sxva
uReltexili igulisxmeba _ ufro xSirad kaspiis zRvis
samxreTiT arsebuli, romliTac gza sparseTisken
miemarTeba.
ese igi, bizantiur wyaroebSi „kaspiis karis“ erTiani
gageba ar arsebobs. darialis xeobas, cxadia, araviTari
kavSiri ara aqvs arc kaspiis zRvasTan da arc kaspiebis
tomis samosaxlo adgilebTan.
vfiqrobT, TavisTavad toponim „kaspis“ or regionSi
erTdrouli arseboba (qarTlis qalaqi kaspi, kaspiebis
tomi) SemTxveviTi damTxveva ar unda iyos. amave dros,
rogorc „kaspiis karis“ magaliTze vnaxeT, berZnebisTvis
termini „kaspi“ Zalze ganvrcobili saxiT iyo warmodgenili
da aRmosavleT kavkasiis sxvadasxva adgilebi igu­ lis­
xmeboda. rogorc Cans, sxvadasxva regionSi es ori
toponimi swored amgvari ganwyobilebidan Camoyalibda,
Tumca maTi warmoSobisa da urTierTmimarTebis istoria
dReisTvis ucnobia.
axla gavarkvioT, iberiis, anu qarTlis ra regioni
SeiZleba igulisxmebodes epifane kviprelis aRniSnul
uwyebaSi:

_ 97 _
 rogorc Tanamedrove mineralogiis monacemebze
dayrdnobiT irkveva, saqarTveloSi dResac iaspis yvelaze
mniSvnelovani sabado swored qalaq kaspTanaa. qarTlSi,
qalaq kaspTan mdebareobs egreT wodebuli jojos xevi,
sadac swored im feris iaspi („msgavs alisa da kuamlisa“)
moipoveba, romelzedac epifane kvipreli mogviTxrobs.
qarTuli xatebic xSirad am sabadodan mopovebuli iaspis
da sardionis TvlebiT irTveboda.
amave dros qalaqi kaspi qarTlis erT-erTi uZvelesi
qalaqia. igi ara Tu epifane kviprelis epoqaSi, aramed
masze bevrad ufro adrec arsebobda.
axla vnaxoT, ra saxiTaa mocemuli toponimi „kaspi“
igive Satberdis krebulSi dacul „qarTlis moqcevaSi“.
am toponims teqstis pirvelive abzacSi vxvdebiT:
„pirvelad, odes aleqsandre mefeman naTesavni igi
loTis SvilTani wariqcina da Se£adna igini kedarsa
mas queyanasa, ixilna naTesavni sastikni ben-Turqni,
msxdomareni mdinaresa zeda mtkuarsa mixueviT, oTx
qalaqad, da dabnebi maTi: sarkine-qalaqi, kaspi, urbnisi da
oZra£e, da cixeni maTni: cixe didi sarkinisa¡, ufliscixe
kaspisa, urbnisi da oZra£isa¡“. 15
ese igi, rogorc vxedavT, „moqcevis“ avtoris cnobiT
kaspi jer kidev aleqsandre makedonelis epoqaSic (Cv. w.
aR.-mde IV saukuneSi) qalaqad ixsenieba. qalaq kaspis amgvar
siZveles sxva wyaroebi da arqeologiuri monacemebic
mravalgzis adastureben. vaxuStis cnobiT, kaspi VIII
saukunemde did qalaqad moixsenieboda, xolo amis Semdeg
misi mniSvneloba Semcirda da ukve dabad iwodeboda.
„moqceva“ cixe-qalaq ufliscixesac kasps akuTvnebs.
ufliscixesTan dakavSirebuli arqeologiuri masalac
adasturebs am regionis did kulturul mniSvnelobas
jer kidev antikur epoqaSi.
istoriuli wyaroebis mixedviT V saukuneSi, gorgaslis
mefobis periodSi kaspi damoukidebeli administraciuli

_ 98 _
erTeuli iyo.
„moqcevis“ mixedviTac cxadia, rom garkveul peri­
odSi warmarTul eraSic ki kaspi damoukidebeli ad­
ministraciuli erTeulia, ufro metic, zogjer igi
ar emorCileboda mcxeTaSi mjdom qarTlis mefes.
„moqcevis“ dasawyisSive mocemuli mefeTa siis mixedviT
swored amgvari daskvnis gakeTeba SeiZleba. qarTlis
me-10 mefis arsukis did damsaxurebad is miiCneva, rom
man „kaspi Seipyra da ufliscixe ganago“.16 mefe arsuki
Cv.w.aR.-mdeli periodis mefeTa rigSia. rogorc Cans
manamde moRvawe qarTlis mefes kaspi administraciulad
ar emorCileboda.
rogorc vxedavT, epifane kviprelis epoqaSi kavkasiis
regionSi toponimi „kaspi“ or sxvadasxva adgilas
arsebobs. amave dros qarTlis qalaqi kaspi manamde Svidi
saukuniT adrec ki fiqsirdeba rogorc mniSvnelovani
dasaxlebuli qalaqi. qalaq kaspTan moipoveba iaspis
swored is gansakuTrebuli saxeoba („msgavs alisa da
kuamlisa“), romlis qarTlSi mopovebis ambavsac wminda
mama IV saukuneSi gadmogvcems.
axla ganvixiloT, SeiZleba Tu ara, rom sxva
mravali qvis analogiurad iaspis dasaxeleba berZnul
enaSi swored misi mopovebis adgilis _ kaspis mixedviT
warmoSobiliyo. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, Tanamedrove
mecnierebic swored im azrisani arian, rom saberZneTSi
es termini aRmosavleTis romeliRac regionidan Sevida.
ese igi, unda gavarkvioT, SeiZleba Tu ara, rom sityva
„iaspi“-s safuZveli gamxdariyo am qvis mopovebis adgilis
dasaxeleba _ „kaspi“. rogorc vxedavT, am ori sityvis
fuZec da xmovanTa wyobac erTi da igivea.
zemoT moyvanili citata epifane kviprelis im
Txzulebidanaa („TvalTa¡“), romelic qarTul wyaroebSi
Satberdis krebulSia daculi. amave krebulSi moTav­
sebulia „qarTlis moqcevis“ teqstic. ese igi, es

_ 99 _
ori umniSvnelovanesi Txzuleba Satberdel berebs
daaxloebiT IX saukuneSi erT krebulSi mouqceviaT.
geografiuli toponimebi, „qarTli“ da „kaspi“ Satberdis
krebulis orive TxzulebaSia („TvalTa¡“, „qarTlis
moqceva“) mocemuli.
„qarTlis moqcevaSi“ TxoTis mTaze mirian mefis
nadirobisas aRniSnulia, rom mefe „ganvida nadirobad
muxraniT kerZo, da movlo sanaxebi muxranisa da ganvida
mTaTa zed TxoTisaTa maRnarTa, ra¡Tamca mixadna cixeTa
maT didTa aspad da kaspad da ufliscixed, da ganvida
Txemsa mis mTisasa“.17
rogorc vxedavT, kaspis regionSive arsebobda
damoukidebeli toponimi aspi (cixesimagre aspi), rac
kidev ufro axloa iaspis dasaxelebasTan (aspi_iaspi). am
citataSi moyvanili toponimebi „kaspi“ da „ufliscixe“
dResac arsebobs da iaspis zemoT naxsenebi sabadoebi
swored kaspsa da ufliscixes Soris arsebul erT-erT
xeobaSi mdebareobs.
rogorc Cans, saberZneTSi iaspis qvis Setana
qarTlidan da gansakuTrebiT qarTlis imdroindeli
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani regionidan, kaspidan xdeboda.
vfiqrobT, toponimi „kaspi“, da miT umetes, iqve
mdebare toponimi aspi, bunebrivad gardaiqmna am regionSi
mopovebuli Zvirfasi qvis dasaxelebad _ iaspi.

k-aspi
aspi
i-aspi

ese igi, „kasps“ Camoscilda pirveli Tanxmovani „k“.

gaxmovanebis TvalsazrisiT „aspis“ „iaspad“ gardaqmna
bunebrivi movlenaa. berZnulad sityvis boloSi „s“
Tanxmovnis damateba wmindad berZnuli enisaTvis da­
maxasiaTebeli niSania da igi, cxadia, sityvis fuZes ar

_ 100 _
Seexeba. „k“ asos amovardna an sxva TanxmovniT Secvla
Zalze gavrcelebulia. berZnul, laTinur da sxva
dasavlur enebze amgvari cvlilebebi sayovelTaod
miRebulia.
angariSi unda gaewios erT mniSvnelovan garemoebasac:
im SemTxvevebSi, roca qvebs maTi mopovebis adgilis
mixedviT mieniWaT dasaxeleba, arsad ar gvxvdeba SemTxveva,
rom igi romelime tomis saxelidan warmomdgariyos.
qvebis saxelebi ZiriTadad mopovebis konkretuli
adgilis (qalaqis, mdinaris xeobis) mixedviT erqmeodaT
xolme (qalkedoni_qalaqi qalkedoni, sardioni_qalaqi
sardisi, gagati_qalaqi gagai, aqati_mdinare axate,
alamadini_qalaqi alabadini, topazi_qalaqi topaze). am
kanonzomierebas Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, cxadia, qarTlis
qalaq kasps unda mieniWos upiratesoba kaspiebis to­
mis samkvidreblis dasaxelebasTan SedarebiT, sadac
konkretuli adgili aseTi dasaxelebiT ar aris cnobili.
amave dros, zRvis dasaxelebis mixedviT qvis saxeldebis
magaliTebic ar fiqsirdeba.

***

kaspTan arsebul jojos xevTan, sadac iaspis mZlavri

sabadoebi arsebobs, mtkvris gaRma, dReisTvis sofeli
grakali mdebareobs.
am soflis dasaxelebis etimologias pirvelad zviad
gamsaxurdiam miaqcia yuradReba. graalis misteriebis
qarTvelur sulier garemosTan mimarTebaze saubrisas
man aRniSna, rom „qarTlSi aris, sxvaTa Soris, sofeli
grakali. ramdenadac pirveladi saxeli am Tasisa _ gracali
da grakali aSkarad monaTesavea, es toponimi unda iyos
graalTan dakavSirebuli, Cvenis Rrma rwmeniT“.18
mecnierebaSi miRebulia mosazreba, rom Zvelpro­

_ 101 _
vansulad graals swored „gracali“ ewodeboda. gra­
alis moZraoba kapadokiaSi Camoyalibda, xolo es
mxare ZiriTadad qarTvelTa monaTesave xalxebiT iyo
dasaxlebuli. bunebrivia, dasawyisSive iarsebebda Rrma
sulieri kavSirebi kapadokiis graalis moZraobasa da
saqarTveloSi ganviTarebul sulieri cxovrebis formebs
Soris. saqarTveloSi qristianobis damkvidrebis saqmeSi
kapadokiidan momdinare sulieri impulsebis mniSvneloba
ganuzomlad didia. rogorc aRiniSna, kapadokielia
qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebeli wminda nino, saqarTveloSi
sruliad gansakuTrebuli mimarTeba arsebobs aseve
kapadokiel wmindanTan _ giorgisTan. saqarTveloSi
kapadokieli wminda mamebic gansakuTrebuli popularobiT
gamoirCeodnen.
kapadokiaSi ra saxiT arsebobda termini graali,
cnobili ar aris. iTvleba, rom ZvelprovansulSi ga­
dasvlisas mas gracali ewodeboda.
rogorc graalis moZraobis istoriidanaa cnobili,
graalis Tasi swored iaspis qvisgan iyo damzadebuli.
rogorc aRiniSna, graalis misteriebis saTaveebi
uSu­alod macxovris jvarcmis istorias ukavSirdeba.
gadmocemis mixedviT, ioseb arimaTielma jvarcmuli
macxovris gardmoxsnisas misi Wrilobidan gadmodenili
sisxli iaspis TasSi Seagrova. es swored is Tasi iyo,
romlidanac saidumlo serobisas mociqulebis ziareba
moxda. zogierTi gadmocemis mixedviT, ioseb arimaTiels
graalis Tasi dasavleTSi gadautania da iq qristianuli
skola dauarsebia.
religiuri moZraoba, romelic am mimdinareobis
impulsebs eyrdnoba da graalis moZraobis saxeliTaa
cnobili, VIII saukuneSi kapadokiaSi Camoyalibda. misi
damfuZnebeli iyo titureli. realur planSi graalis
moZraoba VIII-X saukuneebis movlenaa, Tumca am istoriis
Sesaxeb mxolod XII saukunis bolos Cndeba werilobiTi

_ 102 _
uwyebebi. XIII saukunis dasawyisSi graalis daxasiaTebisas
volfram fon eSenbaxi ukve saswaulebriv qvaze saubrobs,
romelsac dRemde dauzustebeli sityvaTa „TamaSiT“
gadmoscems: “Lapsit exillis”. rogorc Cans, amiT igi mianiSnebs,
rom es qva zeciuri warmomavlobisaa (Lapis ex caelis _ „qva
cidan“, an Lapsit ex caelis _ „Camovarda cidan“).19
graalis TasTan dakavSirebiT arsebobs gadmocema,
romlis mixedviTac miqaelisa da luciferis zeciuri
brZolisas luciferis gvirgvinidan iaspis qva dedamiwaze
Camovarda. am qvisgan Tasi SeuqmniaT da erTxans igi
solomon mefis mflobelobaSic ki yofila. am gadmocemiT
swored esaa graalis Tasi.
Tavad sityva „graalis“ mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb erTiani
mosazreba ar arsebobs. rogorc Cans, Zvelprovansulma
terminma („gracali“) dasavlur enebSi zemoT aRniSnuli
cvlileba ganicada _ SuaSi „a“ xmovnis win aso „c“
amovarda da miviReT misi Tanamedrove forma _ graali.

gracali
gra-ali

graalis dasaxelebis Zveli formisa da qarTlis

soflis toponimis Sedarebisas, cxadia, advili SesamCnevia,
rom kvlav zemoT ganxilul kanonzomierebasTan gvaqvs
saqme. „k“ da „c“ asoebi erTmaneTs enacvlebian:

gra-k-ali
gra-c-ali

am terminis (grakali) dasavlur formaSi aso k aRar

gvxvdeba. advilad SevamCnevT, rom imave movlenas aqvs
adgili toponim kaspis SemTxvevaSic. aqac aso „k“-m
bunebrivi transformacia ganicada „a“ xmovnis win da
„kaspi“-dan miviReT „aspi“ da „iaspi“.

_ 103 _
 ase rom, qalaq kaspTan iaspis sabados axlos arsebuli
soflis saxeli _ „grakali“ zustad Seesabameba graalis
misteriebSi mocemul uwyebas imis Sesaxeb, rom graalis
Tasi swored iaspisagan iyo damzadebuli.
Cveni msjelobis Sedegad, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom
toponim kaspidan qvis dasaxeleba _ iaspi warmoiSva.
Sebrunebuli movlena ki gamoricxulia, ese igi, iaspis
dasaxelebidan ver warmoiSoboda qalaqis saxeli _ kaspi.
rogorc vnaxeT, kaspi uZvelesi qalaqia da igi makedonelis
xanaSic (Cv.w. aR.-mde IV s.) arsebobda, da metic, arc erTi
sxva Zvirfasi qvis saxelTan dakavSirebiT ar fiqsirdeba,
rom geografiul adgils mineralis saxeli darqmeodes.
yvela SemTxvevaSi mopovebul Zvirfas qvas geografiuli
adgilis mixedviT erqmeoda saxeli.
aq, cxadia, bunebrivad ibadeba kiTxva: istoriuli
TvalsazrisiT rogori mimarTeba arsebobs „graalisa“ da
toponim „grakalis“ dasaxelebebs Soris?
warmodgenili kanonzomierebis mixedviT bunebrivad
gamoiyureba, rom termini „graali“, romelic iaspis
msgavsad berZnuli warmomavlobisa ar aris (misi war­
momavloba ucnobia), warmoSobiliyo toponim gra­kalTan
mimarTebaSi. graalis moZraoba xom swored qarTlis
mezobel teritoriaze da Tanac qarTvelTa monaTesave
xalxis wiaRSi warmoiSva. kulturuli TvalsazrisiT
kapadokia-qarTli erTmaneTTan mWidrod dakavSirebuli
regionebi iyo.
am SemTxvevaSi gamodis, rom qarTlSi da kapadokiaSi
graalis pirveladi saxeli iqneboda grakali, saidanac
Zvel provansul enaSi am enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
Taviseburebis gamo „k“ aso „c“ asoTi Seicvala da miviReT
termini gracali. Semdeg evropul enebSi aso „c“-c
amovarda da dReisaTvis gvxvdeba termini _ graali.
Zalze mniSvnelovnia isic, rom sityva grakali swored
qarTuli warmomavlobisaa.

_ 104 _
 graklis, rogorc toponimis mniSvnelobas jer kidev
akademikosi akaki SaniZe Seexo, roca aCvena, rom toponimi
grakali ZvelqarTuli sityva grkalidan momdinareobs.
ZvelqarTulSi Tanamedrove sityva rkali gamoiTqmoda
rogorc grkali.20 sulxan-saba orbeliani Tavis leq­
sikonSi ganmartavs, rom grkali aris „moboklvili xe
da rqa“.21 ese igi, sulxan-saba rqasa da moxril totze
miniSnebiT grkalSi swored rkalis Tanamedrove Sinaarss
gulisxmobs.
Zvel qarTulSi grkali rgolsac niSnavda.
Tu zemoT Tqmuls am Sualedur etapze SevajamebT,
amgvari suraTi warmogvidgeba:
qarTlis erT-erT uZveles qalaqTan, kaspTan, jer
kidev Cvens welTaRricxvamde moipoveboda iaspis gan­
sakuTrebuli saxeoba. iqve arsebobda meore msgavsi
toponimic _ aspi. amis gamo saberZneTSi aRniSnul qvas
mopovebis adgilis mixedviT iasps uwodebdnen.
mogvianebiT, kapadokiaSi graalis moZraobis Camo­
yalibebisas, aseve kaspTan da aspTan arsebuli iaspis
mopovebis adgilas arsebuli kidev erTi toponimi grakali
am moZraobis saxelis gansazRvras edeba safuZvlad. am
dasaxelebis aRebis erT-erTi mizezi isaa, rom kaspTan
da grakalTan mopovebuli iaspis saxeoba specifikuri
simboluri mniSvnelobiT gamoirCeva. rogorc wminda
mama epifane kvipreli IV saukuneSi aRniSnavs, „da sxua
ars, romeli unaTles ars da msgavs alisa da kuamlisa,
uspetakes da ubrwyinvalesRa. da romelnime zRaparTagan
ity¢an, viTarmed TualTa sacnaur ra¡me yvian“.
grakalTan mopovebuli iaspi alisferi, anu sisxlis­
feria. graalis moZraobis umTavresi simbolo iaspis
Tasia, romelSic jvarcmuli macxovris sisxlia Seg­
rovili. am SemTxvevaSi sisxlisferi (alisferi) iaspis
es gansakuTrebuli saxeoba zustad Seesabameba graalis
simbolos.

_ 105 _
 sruliad bunebrivad SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom kaspis
regionSi arsebuli dasaxeleba grakali miRebuli
yofiliyo mezobel kapadokiaSi da Semdeg igi safuZvlad
dasdeboda mis provansul dasaxelebas. ese igi, grakali
jer gracalad gardaiqmna, xolo Semdeg Sua evropul
enebze gracalidan ukve miviReT dasaxeleba _ graali.

***

aq bunebrivad ibadeba kiTxva: kapadokiaSi graalis

misteriebis Camoyalibebis periodSi qarTlSi arsebuli
toponimi grakali am moZraobaSi mxolod meqanikur
terminad gadavida, Tu es kavSirebi ufro siRrmiseul
xasiaTs atarebda?
Tu toponim graklis warmoSobasa da mniSvnelobas
ganvixilavT, davinaxavT, rom mas aSkara kavSiri aqvs
graalis misteriis SinaarsTan, mis sulier simbolikasTan.
rogorc aRiniSna, toponimi grakali unda warmo­
Sobiliyo Zvel qarTulSi arsebuli sityvisagan _ grkali,
rac dRevandeli gagebiT rkalsac niSnavs da rgolsac.
ra kavSiri aqvs rkalis gamosaxulebas graalis
misteriasTan?
graalis misteriis umTavresi simbolo _ iaspis Tasi,
grafikulad swored rkaliT gamoisaxeba:

Zveli mistikuri simbolikis enaze aseve rkaliT

gamoisaxeba mTvarec. rogorc irkveva, rkaliT gamosaxuli
mTvaris simbolosac pirdapiri mimarTeba aqvs graalis
misteriasTan.
Tanamedrove sulieri mecnierebis monapovrebic

_ 106 _
adastureben, rom iaspis Tasi, romelSic macxovris
sisxlia Segrovili, kosmosuri „damwerlobis“ enaze
milevadi mTvaris rkaliT aRiniSneba. rodesac graalis
istoria mogviTxrobs, rom graalis momavali mefis _
parcifalis saxeli graalis Tasze gamoisaxa, igulisxmeba,
rom varskvlavuri damwerlobis enaze es saxeli swored
oqrosfrad moelvare mTvaris rkalze aRibeWda.22
sulieri simbolo, romelic milevadi mTvaris suraT-
xats ukavSirdeba, uZvelesi tradiciebidan momdinareobs.
rogorc cnobilia, mTvare civi planetaa da sakuTari
sinaTle ar gaaCnia. mTvare mzis sinaTles ireklavs da
amitomac gveCveneba manaToblad. mTvaris gamosaxulebaSi
yvelaze ufro naTlad ikveTeba mzis, dedamiwisa da
mTvaris urTierTmimarTeba. mTvaris rkalis gamosaxuleba
yoveldRiurad myari kanonzomierebiT icvleba da
sxvadasxva fazebSi gvevlineba. mTvare xan savsea, xan
milevadi da xanac aRvsebadi. fizikurad, mTvare sferuli
formisaa da mziT ganaTebis cvlilebis gamo ganaTebuli
nawili rkalis saxiT moCans, danarCeni nawili ki uxilavia.
ese igi, mziT ganaTebuli mTvaris nawili caze oqrosferi
Tasis saxiT gvevlineba da amave dros, es Tasi Tavis TavSi
swored gaunaTebel nawils moicavs. uZvelesi tradiciis
mixedviT mziT ganaTebul mTvaris rkalSi, anu oqrosfer
TasSi mzis fizikuri Zala irekleba, xolo is uxilavi
nawili, romelic oqros Tass avsebs, mzis sulier Zalebs
gamosaxavs. am kosmosur suraT-xatSi mzis sulieri Zalebi
oqros TasSia gamosaxuli, xolo mTvaris oqrosferi
rkali graalis Tasis simboloa.
roca mTvare savsea, am dros mzis fizikuri Zalebi
maqsimaluradaa gamovlenili da sulieri Zalebi
minimaluria. rodesac igi milevas iwyebs, ese igi, masSi
TandaTan ikveTeba bneli, gaunaTebeli nawili, mTvaris
disko TandaTan Tasad gardaiqmneba da igi mzis suliT
iwyebs aRvsebas.

_ 107 _
 swored es suraT-xati edo safuZvlad zogierTi
religiuri dResaswaulis gansazRvris Zvel tradicias.
iqidan momdinare es suraT-xati qristianuli aRdgomis
dResaswaulTan mimarTebaSic SemorCa.
rogorc cnobilia, aRdgomis dRe swored mTvaris
mixedviT aiTvleba. aRdgomis dResaswauli gazafxulis
dReRamtolobis Semdeg mTvaris aRvsebidan pirvel
kvira dRes aRiniSneba. ese igi, aRdgomisas aucilebelia,
rom mTvare milevas iwyebdes. zemoT aRweril suraT-
xatovan enaze am dros mTvaris areSi ukve warmoqmnilia
uxilavi nawili _ mTvare rkalad, anu oqrosfer Tasad
gardaqmnasa da mzis uxilavi suliT aRvsebas iwyebs. amave
dros aRdgoma kvira dRes, anu mzis dRes aRiniSneba.
qristianul simbolikaSi ki sulier mzes swored qriste
gamosaxavs. aRdgomis Rames caze graalis kosmosuri
suraT-xatia gamosaxuli.23
rogorc iaspis Tasis, aseve kosmosuri damwerlobis
enaze graalis gamosaxvis SemTxvevaSic saqme gvaqvs
mis simbolur gamosaxulebasTan _ rkalTan, anu Zvel­
qarTulad _ grkalTan. es simbolo (grkali), Tavis mxriv,
im regionis toponims (grakali) Seesabameba, sadac iaspis
gansakuTrebuli saxeoba moipoveboda.
graklis, anu grkalis gamosaxuleba, rogorc sulieri
simbolo, gvxvdeba gelaTis akademiis freskaze. aq rkali
macxovris Sublzea gamosaxuli. bevri mkvlevari gelaTis
freskis am niSans swored graalis misteriebis Tasis
simbolod miiCnevs.
aseve cnobilia, rom Tasis sulieri xati xSirad
gvxvdeba Zvel qarTul gadmocemebSi (magaliTad, wminda
giorgis laSqroba qajaveTSi da iqidan Tasis wamoReba).
rogorc vxedavT, rkali swored graalis misteriis
umTavresi simboluri gamosaxulebaa. igi, erTi mxriv,
graalis Tasis simboloa, xolo, meore mxriv, kosmosuri
damwerlobis enazec igive suraT-xats gangvicxadebs.

_ 108 _
 vfiqrobT, kaspis maxloblad, iaspis mopovebis
adgilis saxeldeba _ grakali, swored graalis misteriis
simboluri Sinaarsis ganmacxadebelia. aq raRac formiT
unda hqonodaT gaazrebuli Tavad am misteriis Sinaarsi
da suraT-xatovani gamosaxvis saidumlo.
ra gvaZlevs imis safuZvels, rom kaspis regionSi
marTlac seriozuli sulieri garemo arsebobda?
gavixsenoT vaxuStis cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom kaspi VIII
saukunemde did qalaqad iwodeboda (kapadokiaSi swored
am periodSi yalibdeba graalis misteria).
rogorc cnobilia, VI saukuneSi saqarTvelos su­
lieri cxovrebis formis Camoyalibebaze mniSvnelovani
zegavlena moaxdina cameti asureli mamis moRvaweobam.
mecnierebaSi sworadaa SeniSnuli, rom maT mier sa­
moRvaweo adgilebis SerCeva SemTxveviT ar momxdara. am
movlenas gamocxadebiTi xasiaTi hqonda. asureli mamebi
faqtobrivad im periodSi moRvaweobdnen, romelic win
uswrebs mezobel monaTesave garemoSi, kapadokiaSi,
graalis misteriis Seqmnas. am TvalsazrisiT, vfiqrobT,
mniSvnelovania is istoriuli faqti, rom erT-erTi
asureli mama _ Tadeoz stefanwmindeli kaspTan,
swored iaspis mopovebis regionSi moRvaweobda. am
adgils dReisTvis kowaxuras xevi ewodeba. aq dResac
SemorCenilia wminda mamis savanis nangrevebi.
amave dros, igive periodSi kaspis regioni mWidrod
iyo dakavSirebuli im sulier impulsebTan, romlebic
mcxeTis sveticxovlidan momdinareobda. kaspi, cxadia,
qarTlis erT-erTi nawili iyo, romlis sulier centrsac
mcxeTa warmoadgenda.
rogorc cnobilia, IV saukunis dasawyisSi, qarTlSi
qristianuli religiis gavrcelebisas, mniSvnelovani
sulieri garemo arsebobda. igi cxadia, warmarTuli
iyo, magram rogorc irkveva, is miqaeluri xasiaTisa
gaxldaT. axali, qristianuli religiis miReba-armiRebis

_ 109 _
problemis gadawyvetisas qarTlis mefe miriani swored
am warmarTul miqaelur sibrZnes eyrdnoba. „mefeTa
cxovrebaSi“ leonti mroveli amgvarad gadmogvcems
mirian mefis am ganwyobilebas:
„maSin mirian mefe gankvirda da iwyo gamoZiebad
sjulisa qristessa. da mravalgzis hkiTxaven huri­ a­
yofilsa mas abiaTars ZvelTa da axalTa wignTasa, da
igi auwyebda yovelsa. da wignica, romeli hqonda mirian
mefesa nebroTisi, da masca wignsa Sin pova werili esreT:
„aRSenebasa mas godlisasa xma iyo zeciT nebroTis mimarT,
romeli etyoda:
_ me var miqael, romeli dadginebul var RmerTisa
mier mTavrobasa zeda aRmosavalisasa. ganved qalaqiT
magiT, rameTu RmerTi hfaravs qalaqsa magas. xolo
ukanasknelTa JamTa movides meufe igi cisa, romelsa-igi
Sen gnebavs xilva, ersa Soris Seuracxsa“.24
rogorc vxedavT, mirian mefe qristes mosvlis
winaswarmetyvelebas warmarTul sibrZneSi kiTxulobs.
igi im warmarTul sibrZnes eyrdnoba, romelic mas
im periodisTvis gaaGnia. irkveva rom, es aris ori
sulieri nakadi: erTi, Zveli ebrauli rjuli, romelsac
ebraeli abiaTari mouTxrobs mas da romelSic aris
swored winaswarmetyveleba macxovris gankacebisa,
da meore, romelic Tavad aqvs mirian mefes _ es aris
nebroTis wigni. nebroTi is bibliuri gmiria, romelsac
babilonis daarseba miewereba. ese igi, babilonuri
samyarodan miRebuli sibrZnis wyalobiT is igebs, rom
Turme macxovris qveynad mosvlas amzadebs miqaeli,
romelic aRmosavleTis gamgebelia. mze qristes saxiT
aRmosavleTidan unda amobrwyindes. am SemTxvevaSi, ra
Tqma unda, yuradReba unda mivaqcioT im faqts, rom
am citataSi miqaeli gamosaxulia rogorc winamorbedi
qristesi; meore mxriv, warmarTul epoqaSi, igive miqaeli
ebraeli eris winamZRolic iyo. vidre ebraeli eris

_ 110 _
wiaRSi macxovris gankaceba mzaddeboda, miqaeluri
kulti arsebobda SuamdinareTSic _ babilonSi. marduqis
brZolaSi kosmosur drakonTan miqaelis kosmosuri
brZolaa gamovlenili. miqaeli Zalian mniSvnelovani
sulieri xatia babilonur religiur cxovrebaSi.
amgvari miqaeluri ganwyobileba IV saukunis saqar­
TveloSic arsebobda. swored amgvari sulieri garemos
arseboba gaxda safuZveli imisa, rom saqarTveloSi
danergili qristianobis forma Rrmad miqaeluri, anu
georgianuli saxiT ganviTarda. wminda giorgis kultma
aq arnaxul masStabebs miaRwia.
ese igi, IV saukunemde qarTlis teritoriaze ar­
sebobda raRac miqaeluri rainduli ordenis msgavsi
sulieri cxovrebis forma, ramac gansazRvra qarTlSi
Camoyalibebuli qristianobis garkveuli Taviseburebebi
da rac SesaZloa safuZvlad, an magaliTad iqca mezobel
kapadokiaSi VIII saukunidan qristianuli rainduli
moZraobis _ graalis moZraobis CamoyalibebisTvis. yovel
SemTxvevaSi, etimologiuri TvalsazrisiT, es kavSiri
aSkaraa. iseTi terminebi, rogorebicaa grakali, iaspi,
kapadokiaSi qarTuli garemodan unda moxvedriliyo.
qarTlis qalaq kaspis, iqve arsebuli toponimis
aspis, sofel graklis da maTTan mdebare iaspis saba­
doebis arseboba zemoT warmodgenili argumentebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, gvafiqrebinebs, rom dReisTvis evro­
pul enebSi arsebuli terminebi iaspi da graali swored
am toponimebidan momdinareoben.

_ 111 _
 SeniSvnebi

1. Рудольф Майер, В пронстранстве-время здесь... История

Грааля, Москва, 1997, ст. 44
2. ix. SeniSvna 1. gv. 294
3. oTar qvriviSvili, sveticxovlis misteria, Tbilisi, 2010
4. Frank Teichmann, Der Gral im Osten, Motive aus der Geistesge-
schichte Armeniens und Georgiens, Verlag Freies Geistesleben
5. T. mgeliaSvili, saqarTvelos geoarqeologia, Tbilisi,
1991, gv.18
6. Е.Лазарев, Священные камни Небесного Града, Наука и
религия N3, 1991 c. 17
7. ix. SeniSvna 5, gv. 31
8. Е.Лазарев, Священные камни Небесного Града, Наука и
религия #3, 1991
9. ix. SeniSvna 5, gv. 54
10. ix. SeniSvna 5, gv. 64
11. TvalTa¡ epifane k¢prelisa¡ Tqmuli, Satberdis kre­
buli, Tbilisi, 1979, gv.129
12. ix. SeniSvna 11, gv. 133
13. Epiphanius De Gemmis, The Old Georgian Version and the
Fragments of Armenian Version by Robert P. Blake and The
Coptic-Sahidic Fragments by Henri De Vis. Studies and Documents
edited by K. Lake and S. Lake, London, 1934
14. georgika, Tbilisi, 1961, t. 1, bizantieli mwerlebis
cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, Tbilisi, 1961, gv. 43
15. ix. SeniSvna 11, gv. 320
16. ix. SeniSvna 11, gv.321
17. ix. SeniSvna 11, gv. 342
18. z. gamsaxurdia, werilebi, eseebi, saqarTvelos suli­
eri missia, Tbilisi, 1991, gv. 223
_ 112 _
19. ix. SeniSvna 1, gv. 45
20. ilia abulaZe, Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni, Tbi­
lisi, 1973, gv. 96
21. sulxan-saba orbeliani, leqsikoni qarTuli, t. 1,
Tbi­lisi, 1991, gv. 170
22. Р. Штейнер, Христос и человеческая душа, Москва, ст. 225-227
23. ix. SeniSvna 23, gv. 227
24. leonti mroveli, „cxovreba mefeTa“, qarTuli mwer­
loba, t. 1, gv. 87

_ 113 _
 qa r Tu l i a s omTa v r u li anb anis
z odi a q u r i niSneb i

qarTuli asomTavruli anbanis Seqmnis periodi dRemde

ar aris dazustebuli. dReisTvis yvelaze ufro Zveli
asomTavruli warwerebi ax. w. V saukuniT TariRdeba.
anbanis kvlevam Tavidanve warmoSva eWvi, rom SesaZloa
es anbani ufro Zvel droSi yofiliyo Seqmnili. amgvar
Tvalsazriss, ZiriTadad, ivane javaxiSvilma daudo
saTave. SemdgomSi am ideas vrceli gamokvleva miuZRvna
ramaz patariZem. igi Seecada daesabuTebina, rom qarTuli
asomTavruli anbani Zv. w. V saukunis bolos finikiuri
damwerlobis safuZvelze Seiqmna. am SemTxvevaSi qarTuli
damwerloba ganxilulia, rogorc finikiuridan momdinare
calke ganStoeba, romelic gansxvavdeba imave anbanidan
momdinare sxva ori ganStoebisagan _ semur-arameulisa da
berZnulisagan. mkvlevari imasac miuTiTebs, rom qarTul
anbanSi gaTvaliswinebulia berZnuli anbanis agebulebis
principebic.
iv. javaxiSvilisgan momdinare am ideas Tavidanve
upirispirdeboda mkvlevarTa didi jgufi, romlebic
Tvlidnen, rom qarTuli asomTavruli anbani uSualod
berZnuli anbanis safuZvelzea Seqmnili. es Tvalsazrisi
gamoTqmuli hqondaT v. gardThauzens, d. baqraZes, k.
kekeliZes, ak. SaniZes da sxvebs. sabolood, am mimarTulebis
kvlevebs Semajamebeli saxe Tamaz gamyreliZem misca.
erT-erTi sakiTxi, raSic orive mimarTulebis
mkvlevarTa Soris sruli Tanxmobaa, aris is, rom
qarTuli asomTavruli anbanis ZiriTadi grafikuli
saxe ar aris miRebuli xangrZlivi drois evoluciuri

_ 114 _
procesis Sedegad. dReisTvis ucnobi avtoris mier igi
erTdrouladaa Seqmnili. misi Sedgeniloba erTianadaa
gaazrebuli da SemdegSi, xangrZlivi drois manZilze
mxolod calkeuli cvlilebebia Setanili.
Tamaz gamyreliZem safuZvlianad daadastura, rom
qarTuli asomTavruli anbanis struqtura berZnuli
anbanis mixedviTaa Sedgenili. aso-niSanTa ganlagebaSi da
maT ricxviT mniSvnelobebSi gaTvaliswinebulia yvela is
Tavisebureba, rac berZnul anbans aqvs.1
miuxedavad amisa, aso-niSanTa grafikuli saxeebis
kvlevisas mainc aRmoCnda bevri sakiTxi, rac am kon­
cefciiT ver ixsneba da kiTxvebs badebs.
sruliad aSkaraa, rom bevr aso-niSans asomTavrulSi
imgvari grafikuli saxe aqvs, rom igi met msgavsebas
amJRavnebs arqaul berZnul anbanTan, romelic Zv. w. VI
saukunis Semdeg aRar ixmareboda. es anbani uSualod
finikiuri anbanis safuZvelzea Seqmnili da, amdenad,
bevri qarTuli aso-niSani msgavsia swored finikiuri da
arqaul berZnuli asoebisa da ufro naklebad enaTesaveba
klasikur berZnul anbans, romelic Zv. w. V saukuneSi
Camoyalibda.
es faqti namdvilad imsaxurebs yuradRebas da
Znelad asaxsnelia. Tamaz gamyreliZe varaudobs, rom
asomTavrulis Semoqmedi aso-niSnebis Seqmnisas nimuSad
iRebs misi Tanadrouli berZnuli anbanis grafikul
sistemas da xelovnurad axdens mis stilistur `ar­
qaizebas~. radgan arqaul berZnulSi teqsti marjvnidan
marcxniv iwereboda, asoebic Sesabamisad Sebrunebuli iyo.
qarTul anbanSi swored amgvar asoiT `antiformebTan~
naTesaoba dasturdeba.
vfiqrobT, anbanis avtoris mier aso-niSnebis winas­
war­ganzraxuli, xelovnuli arqaizeba bolomde da­
ma­
jerebeli ar aris da es sakiTxi seriozul kvlevas
saWiroebs.

_ 115 _
 mecnierebaSi didi xania arsebobs mosazreba, rom
jer kidev semur anbanSi aso-niSnebis saxelebi ciuri
zodiaqoebis saxelebs Seesabameboda. magaliTad, semuri
`alef~ mxolod xars ki ar niSnavda, aramed kuros (anu
xaris) zodiaqosac gulisxmobda. `mem~ wylis garda mer­
wyulis zodiaqosac aRniSnavda da a. S.2
ciur sxeulebTan damokidebulebas vxvdebiT ber­
Znul anbanSic. rogorc cnobilia, berZnuli anbanis
pir­
veli 12 aso-niSani mTvaris berZnuli kalendris 12
Tves Seesabameboda. me-13 niSani nakiani wlis me-13 Tves
aRniSnavda.
ramaz patariZem sworad SeniSna, rom qarTuli aso­
mTavruli anbanis pirveli 12 aso-niSanic swored
12 zodiaqos aRniSnavs. semitebma TavianTi anbani im
epoqaSi Seqmnes, roca mze gazafxulis dReRamtolobisas
xaris zodiaqoSi amodioda. es iyo xaris epoqa.
misTvis, sazogadodac, xaris religiuri kulti iyo
damaxasiaTebeli da, bunebrivia, semuri anbani xaris
aRmniSvneli aso-niSniT `alef~-iT iwyeboda. sityva
`alef~ Sumerulad swored xars niSnavs.
qarTuli asomTavruli anbani ufro gvian, kerZod,
verZis epoqaSi Seiqmna. religiur sferoSic xaris kulti
verZis kultma Secvala. amave epoqaSi moxda macxovris
gankacebac. verZis (kravis) simbolom qristianul
simbolikaSic mniSvnelovani adgili daikava.
bunebrivia, qarTuli asomTavruli anbanis pirveli
aso-niSani, semuris msgavsad, xari veRar iqneboda da
misi adgili verZma daikava, rac zustad Seesabameboda
arsebul realobas. romel saukuneSic ar unda Seqmniliyo
qarTuli asomTavruli anbani, qristemde, Tu qristes
Semdeg, yvela SemTxvevaSi is verZis epoqaSi eqceva.
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT zodiaqoebis qarTul
dasaxelebebs da qarTuli asomTavruli aso-niSnebis
gamosaxulebebsa da saxelebs, amgvari suraTi gveqneba:

_ 116 _
 1 verZi a an
2 kuro b ban
3 tyupebi (marCbivi) g gan
4 kirCxibi d don
5 lomi e en
6 qalwuli (saxvi) v vin
7 saswori (meuRle) z zen
8 Rriankali G H-e
9 mSvildosani T Tan
10 Txis rqa (vaci) i in
11 merwyuli (wylis saqaneli) k kan
12 Tevzebi l las

a `an~
Tanamedrove astrologiaSi zodiaqoebis dasaxelebebi,
marTalia, Zveli droidanaa SemorCenili, magram xSir
SemTxvevaSi ukve aRar igrZnoba is umTavresi Sinaarsebi,
rac maT Seqmnas daedo dafuZvlad. magaliTad, verZis
zodiaqos gamosaxvisas umTavres mniSvnelobas mxolod
imas aniWeben, rom raime saxiT verZi iyos warmodgenili.
mxatvrebi xSirad mimarTaven TavianT mxatvrul fantazias
da amitomac am zodiaqos mravali saxe arsebobs.
Zvel epoqaSi, rodesac zodiaquri sulieri Zalebis
gancda sruliad sxva xarisxSi arsebobda, verZis gamosaxvis
niuansebs gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeboda. verZis
zodiaqos sulier ZalebSi Zveli xeldasxmulebi sakuTari
adamianuri arsebis dedamiwasTan da mTel universumTan
kavSirs Wvretdnen. am zodiaqos Zalebis daxmarebiT
adamians hqonda gancda, Tu rogor airekleba kosmosuri
samyaro mis arsebaSi.

_ 117 _
 Tu Cven verZis zodiaqos Zvel gamosaxulebebs ga­
vecnobiT, SevamCnevT, rom iq ar keTdeboda aqcenti
verZis naturalisturi saxiT daxatvaze. maTSi aucilebel
elements warmoadgenda is Jesti, romelic am sulieri
Zalebis umTavres Sinaarss ganacxadebs. verZi aucileblad
ukan ixedeboda. swored es aris umTavresi Jesti. verZis es
moxedva simbolurad gamosaxavs adamianis mier sakuTari
Tavis `mimoxedvas~, aseve im universumisa, romelic masSi
cocxlobs. araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba verZis
ganxilva naturalistur-materialisturi TvalsazrisiT.
swored es ukan mixedva aris masSi umTavresi Jesti, ris
gareSec gamosaxuleba yalbia.3
qarTuli asomTavruli anbanis pirveli aso-niSnis
a-s grafikuli saxis Sesaxeb bevri versia arsebobs.
magaliTad, ramaz patariZe miiCnevs, rom igi gamosaxavs
mTvares, romelmac zeda kulminacias miaRwia. amave
dros, mas finikiuri `alef~ aso-niSnis grafikuli naxazis
safuZvelze Seqmnilad miiCnevs.4
arqauli berZnuli
klasikuri finikiuri
Tamaz gamyreliZe qarTuli a-s winasaxes arqauli
berZnulis Sesabamis aso-niSanSi xedavs. isic Tavis mxriv
finikiuridanaa Seqmnili.
sruliad cxadia, rom arqauli berZnulis pirveli
aso-niSani TviTonac finikiuris safuZvelze Seqmnili
da misi msgavsia. Tamaz gamyreliZis erT-erTi argumenti
is aris, rom rogorc qarTul asomTavrulSi, aseve Zvel
arqaul berZnulSi aRniSnuli aso-niSnebi `a~ bgeras
gamoxataven, maSin, roca finikiurSi is jer kidev
Tanxmovnis mniSvnelobisaa da wakiTxvis gansxvavebuli
wesi aqvs.
vfiqrobT, warmodgenili azrTa sxvadasxvaoba mxolod
formaluria, radgan sruliad aSkaraa, rom qarTuli

_ 118 _
asomTavruli anbanis Semqmneli SesaniSnavad icnobs
rogorc finikiur, aseve arqaul da klasikur berZnul
anbanur sistemebs. sruliad aSkaraa, rom asomTavrulis
Seqmnisas igi aRniSnuli anbanebis grafikul saxeebs
iTvaliswinebs (isini erTmaneTis msgavsia, radgan ber­
Znuli namdvilad finikiuris mixedviT Seiqmna), magram
maT ubralod ki ar baZavs, aramed maT grafikas winaswar
gansazRvruli koncefciis mixedviT mxatvrulad amu­
Savebs.
rogorc qvemoT vnaxavT, asomTavrulis Seqmnisas
umTavresi swored sulieri koncefciis mxatvruli
damuSavebaa. sxva anbanebSi Tu ufro metad grafikuli
simbolika Warbobs, asomTavrulSi xazgasmulad mxatv­
ruli aspeqtia wina planze.
vfiqrobT, asomTavrulis Semqmneli miznad isaxavs
anbanis pirveli asoTi verZis zodiaqo gamosaxos.
igi iTvaliswinebs finikiuri anbanis grafikas da mas
verZis zodiaqos mxatvrul simbolod gardaqmnis. man
SesaniSnavad icis verZis zodiaqos sulieri Zalebis
gamosaxulebis simboluri mniSvneloba _ misi umTavresi
Jesti _ verZi, romelic ukan ixedeba. asomTavrulis
pirveli aso-niSani swored verZis zodiaqos grafikuli
gamosaxulebaa:

a
es aris stilizebuli naxati, romelic saocrad
zus­tad gamoxatavs misiT aRniSnuli zodiaqos sulier
Sinaarss.
faqtobrivad, grafikuli xerxebiT gamosaxulia ver­
Zi, romelic ukan ixedeba. ase miiReba aso-niSani `an~.
klasikuri finikiuri `alefis~ grafikuli saxe mxolod
nawilobrivaa gaTvaliswinebuli, zodiaquri mniSvneloba

_ 119 _
ki mTlianad Secvlilia. `alefi~ Tu xars gamosaxavda,
`an~ aso ukve verZs Seesabameba.

d `don~

qarTuli asomTavrulis aso-niSani `don~ Seesabameba

finikiuri anbanis `daleT~-s da berZnuli anbanis `del­
ta~-s. berZnuli niSani finikiuris safuZvelzea Seqm­nili
da orive SemTxvevaSi samkuTxedis formiT gamoisaxeba.
arqauli finikiuri
klasikuri berZnuli
qarTuli aso-niSnis grafika maTgan mkveTrad
gansxvavebulia.

d
samkuTxeds da wres erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli
simboluri mniSvneloba aqvT. dReisTvis gavrcelebuli
samecniero mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom qarTuli `don~-
is grafika finikiuri an berZnuli aso-niSnis mixedviTaa
Seqmnili, realobas ar Seesabameba. samkuTxedis wred
gardaqmna simbolos sulier Sinaarss cvlis da, amdenad,
araviTar logikas ar eqvemdebareba.
asomTavrulis avtorma `don~-is grafikuli saxis
Seqmnisas kvlav am niSniT gamosaxuli zodiaqos su­
li­eri SinaarsiT ixelmZRvanela da kvlav saocari
mxatvruli saxe Seqmna. erTaderTi, rac winamorbedi
an­
banebis grafikidan gaiTvaliswina, isaa, rom maTSic
grafikuli gamosaxulebebi garkveul SemosazRvrul
figuras, kerZod, samkuTxeds gamosaxaven. asomTavrulSi
gamoyenebuli wriuli formac SemosazRvruli figuraa.
aso-niSani `don~ anbanSi me-4 adgilze dgas da

_ 120 _
zodiaqoTa CamonaTvalSi kirCxibis, anu kiborCxalas
zodiaqos Seesabameba.
Zveli astrologiis mixedviT am zodiaqosTvis kibor­
Cxalas gamosaxuleba imitom iyo SerCeuli, rom fizikuri
TvalsazrisiT swored am arsebaSi xedavdnen im ZiriTad
simboloebs, rac Sesabamisi zodiaqos sulier Sinaarss
met-naklebad gamosaxavda.
kiborCxalas garegnobis naturalisturi gamosaxva
mis Sinaarsze swor suraTs ver mogvcems. saWiroa
gaTvaliswinebuli iqnas is niSnebi, rasac kiborCxalaSi
ZvelTaganve gamoarCevdnen da simbolur mniSvnelobas
aniWebdnen.
kiborCxala sakuTar TavSi koncentrirebuli arsebaa.
masSi danaxulia erTgvari TviTCaketvis unari. kiborCxala
Tavis msxverpls marwuxebiT garedan SemoeWdoba da ase
boWavs. es aris simbolo adamianis Sinagani Caketvisa,
Sinagani `Caxvevisa~, rodesac adamiani Tavis Sinagani
arsebis SegrZnebas cdilobs.
Zvel simbolikaSi kiborCxalas sulier Zalebs xSirad
spiralis formiTac gamosaxavdnen. swored amgvari
warmodgenidan Seiqmna am zodiaqos is niSani, romelic
dResac ixmareba astrologiaSi:


vfiqrobT, aso-niSnis `don~-is Seqmnisas asomTavrulis
avtoric swored kiborCxalas zodiaqos suraT-xats
gadmogvcems. igi gamosaxavs wres, rogorc Sinagani
Caketvis simbolos da mis zemoT amatebs horizontalur
xazs, romelic kiborCxalas marwuxebis asociacias
iZleva. am SemTxvevaSi wre raRac uZravi sistema ki ar
aris, aramed misgan gamomdinare xazebi mas erTgvar
dinamikas, spiralur moZraobas aniWeben.5

_ 121 _
 rogorc vxedavT, qarTuli asomTavrulis me-4 aso-
niSani `don~ kiborCxalas zodiaqos Seesabameba da mis
sulier Sinaarss saocrad mxatvrulad gadmoscems.
misi grafika zustad Seesabameba kiborCxalas zodiaqos
simbolur gamosaxulebas.

v `vin~

qarTuli asomTavruli anbanis me-6 adgilze zis aso-

niSani `vin~. zodiaqoTa TanmimdevrobaSi igi Seesabameba
qalwulis zodiaqos.
erTi SexedviT TiTqos Znelia aso `vin~-is grafikuli
saxis qalwulis suraT-xatTan dakavSireba, magram unda
gaviTvaliswinoT, rom Zvelad am zodiaqos sulieri
mniSvneloba Zalze Taviseburi saxiT iyo gagebuli.
qalwulis zodiaqos umTavresi kaSkaSa varskvlavi aris
`spika~, rac berZnulad TavTavs niSnavs. es dasaxeleba
kidev ufro Zvelia da igi babilonidan momdinareobs.
Zvel babilonSi am zodiaqur Tanavarskvlaveds swored
`TavTavi~ erqva (Sumerulad AB. SIN). berZnebma am zodiaqos
dasaxeleba da sulieri mniSvneloba memkvidreobiT miiRes,

_ 122 _
magram igi TavianTi miTosis mixedviT gadaamuSaves. Zvel
saberZneTSi `TavTavis~ Tanavarskvlavedi daukavSirda
berZnebis nayofierebis miTosur qalRmerTs demetras.
cis rukebze igi gamoisaxeboda xorblis TavTavebiT
xelSi.6
rogorc vxedavT, qalwulis zodiaqos xatovan ga­
mosaxulebaSi umTavresi swored TavTavia. am zodiaqos
sulieri mniSvnelobis gaazrebisas umTavresi iyo iseTi
movlena, rogoricaa `damwifeba~. adamianur arsebaSi
igi Sinagan `damwifebasac~ gulisxmobda _ ese igi,
ganviTarebis im stadias, roca nayofi simwifes aRwevs.
qalwulis zodiaqos pirvelad SinaarsSi umTavresi
TavTavebia, xolo qalRmerTis gamosaxuleba Semdgomaa
damatebuli. yvela SemTxvevaSi demetras xelSi TavTavebis
kona eWira. qalwulis zodiaqos yvela is gamosaxuleba,
sadac qali TavTavebis gareSe xatia, yalbia da ar
Seesabameba zodiaqos Tavdapirvel Sinaarss.
rogorc aRvniSneT, am zodiaqos uZvelesi babilonuri
saxelis qarTuli Targmani aris `TavTavi~.
vfiqrobT, qarTuli asomTavrulis Sesabamisi aso-
niSnis Seqmnisas swored es uZvelesi suraT-xatia
gamoyenebuli.
aso `vin~-is grafikuli saxe Zalze zustad gamoxatavs
mwife TavTavs. isic ki gaTvaliswinebulia, rom simwifis
Jams TavTavs Tavi daxrili aqvs:

v
Zalze sayuradReboa, rom qarTuli anbanis avtori
aseT Soreul astrologiur fenas eyrdnoba. aqve gvinda
xazgasmiT aRvniSnoT, rom araviTar eWvs ar iwvevs is

_ 123 _
faqti, rom asomTavruli anbanis grafikis Seqmnisas
avtori SesaniSnavad icnobs im droisTvis arsebul
anbanur sistemebs da maT grafikasac iTvaliswinebs.
swored amitomaa, rom, magaliTad, Tamaz gamyreliZe `vin~-
is grafikas arqaul berZnulTan akavSirebs, xolo ramaz
patariZe saSualo-finikiur, kerZod kviprul-finikiur
aso-niSanTan.
rogorc finikiuri, aseve arqaul-berZnuli da aso­
mTavruli aso-niSnebi anbanSi erTsa da imave adgilze
arian ganlagebuli da erTi da igive ricxviTi mniSvneloba
aqvT. berZnulSi me-6 adgilze F aso zis. arqaul
berZnulSi, roca wera marjvnidan marcxniv xdeboda, igi
Sebrunebuli saxiT gamoisaxeboda. Tamaz gamyreliZe mas
miiCnevs qarTuli v-is prototipad.7
ramaz patariZe aso v-Tan ufro met siaxloves sa­
Sualo finikiur analogiur aso-niSanSi (`vav~) xedavs:

cxadia, qarTuli anbanis avtorisTvis es gamo­ sa­

xulebebi cnobilia, magram misTvis aseve cnobilia
im Tanavarskvlavedis sulieri mniSvnelobac, romlis
gamosaxvasac am aso-niSniT apirebs da amitomac berZnuli
da finikiuri asoebis gadakeTebas ki ar axdens, aramed,
maTi grafikis gaTvaliswinebiT, axal mxatvrul saxes
qmnis. igi xorblis suraT-xats gamosaxavs, rac zustad
Seesabameba qalwulis Tanavarskvlavedis sulier mniSvne­
lobas.
qarTuli `vin~ grafikulad waagavs Sesabamis ber­
Znul da finikiur gamosaxulebebs, magram unda gavi­
TvaliswinoT, rom es asoebi qalwulis zodiaqos ar
gamosaxaven. qarTul da finikiur anbanebSi zodiaqoebis

_ 124 _
aRmniSvneli asoebi erTmaneTs ar Seesabameba. rogorc
zemoT iTqva, asomTavrulSi pirvel adgilze xaris
zodiaqos nacvlad verZis zodiaqos aRniSvna gaCnda.

H `he~

qarTul asomTavrul anbanSi me-8 adgilze zis aso-

niSani H-e. zogjer mas `he~-s an `e-merves~ uwodeben.
me-8 adgilze saSualo finikiurSi `heT~ zis, xolo
berZnulSi H (`eta~), romelic, Tavis mxriv, aseve fi­
nikiuridan momdinareobs.
grafikuli TvalsazrisiT qarTuli asomTavrulis
orive anbanur niSanTan amJRavnebs msgavsebas. saSualo
finikiurSi arsebobs am bgeris grafikuli saxe, romlis
antiformasac qarTuli aso warmoadgens.

am SemTxvevaSic qarTuli anbanis avtori axdens

arsebuli niSnis mxatvrul gadamuSavebas. igi am gziT
gamoxatavs aso-niSnis Sesabamisi varskvlavuri zodiaqos
Sinaarss. es zodiaqo ki aris Rriankali, anu morieli.
morielis zodiaqo Zvel babilonSic iyo cnobili da
saxelic igive erqva. SemdgomSi berZenma astrologebmac
SeinarCunes es dasaxeleba.
morielis suraT-xatSi, cxadia, umTavresi misi mo­
makvdi­nebeli, Sxamiani nestaria. am Tanavarskvlavedis
grafikuli xatis Seqmnisas swored mas eqceva gan­
sakuTrebuli mniSvneloba. zodiaqoebis aRniSvnac, ro­
melic dRemdea SemorCenili, xazs usvams morielis am
niSans:

_ 125 _
 
am gamosaxulebaSi isriani daboloeba swored Sxamian
nestars mianiSnebs.
qarTuli asomTavrulis Semqmnelmac, bunebrivia,
aqcenti Sxamian nestarze gaakeTa. amave dros man gamoiyena
grafikuli simbolikisTvis damaxasiaTebeli uZvelesi
tradicia. mis mixedviT grafikul gamosaxulebebSi swori
da wriuli xazebiT dadebiTi ganwyobilebebi gamoisaxeba,
xolo klaknili xaziT uaryofiTi. es kanonzomiereba
mraval Zvel grafikul gamosaxulebaSi gvxvdeba. advilad
davrwmundebiT, rom qarTul asomTavrul anbanSi
klaknili xazi mxolod erTxel da swored morielis
niSanSia gamoyenebuli:

swored es klaknili xazi gamosaxavs morielis Sxamian

nestars. igi saocrad lakoniurad da mxatvrulad
gviCvenebs morielis Tanavarskvlavedis Sinaarss. amave
dros isic cxadia, rom asomTavrulis avtori kargad
icnobs am asos Sesabamis finikiur grafikul saxesac.

j `zen~

TanavarskvlavedTa TanmimdevrobaSi me-7 adgilze

sasworis zodiaqoa. qarTul asomTavrul anbanSi mas
Seesabameba aso-niSani `zen~ _ j.
Tu saswors naturalisturad warmovidgenT, cxadia,
Zneli iqneba misi dakavSireba `zen~-is grafikasTan.

_ 126 _
sasworis zodiaqo jer kidev Zvel babilonSi iyo cnobili.
saberZneTSi mas xSirad ukavSirebdnen samarTlianobis
qalRmerT Temidas.
TiTqmis elinuri periodis bolomde arsebobda am
Tanavarskvlavedis gansxvavebuli dasaxeleba _ `morielis
marwuxi~. morielisa da sasworis Tanavarskvlavedebi
erTmaneTis gverdiT aris ganlagebuli da TiTqmis
erTmaneTs erwymian. amitom sasworis zodiaqoc morielis
Tanavarskvlavedis gagrZelebad iTvleba da radgan am
adgils morielis gamosaxulebaze marwuxebi emTxveva, mas
swored `morielis marwuxi~ ewodeboda.
vfiqrobT, asomTavruli anbanis Semdgeneli `zen~
aso-niSnis Sesabamis zodiaqos swored am uZvelesi
dasaxelebiT ganixilavs. am SemTxvevaSi am aso-niSnis
grafikuli gamosaxuleba Zalze waagavs morielis marwuxs.

j
`zen~-is grafikisTvis kidev erTi mniSvnelovani
niSania damaxasiaTebeli. bgera `z~ rogorc fonetikurad,
aseve Sinaarsobrivad Rrmad ukavSirdeba bgera `s~-s.
rogorc gamokvleulia, bgera `s~-s gamosaxuleba
asomTavrulSi (is arc Semdeg xucurSi da mxedrulSi ar
Secvlila) vertikalurad aRmarTul gvels gamosaxavs _
ufro sworad, im sulier Zalas, romelsac SeuZlia gveli
vertikalurad aamaRlos.8 vfiqrobT, `s~-s monaTesave
`z~ bgeris gamosaxvisas anbanis Semqmneli am niuanssac
iTvaliswinebs da radgan `z~ bgera `s~-s monaTesavea,
mis grafikaSic xazs usvams aRniSnuli sulieri Zalis
monawileobas. `zen~-is grafikuli saxe Tavis TavSi
srulad moicavs `s~ bgeris Sesabamis gamosaxulebas.

_ 127 _
T `Tan~

qarTuli asomTavruli anbanis me-9 aso `Tan~ amgvarad

gamoisaxeba:

T
Sesabamisi aso-niSani finikiur da ZvelberZnul
anbanebSi erTi da imave saxiTaa warmodgenili.

Å
namdvilad araferia saeWvo, rom qarTuli anbanis
avtori grafikul arqetipad am formas iyenebs. mis mizans
Seadgens, es forma ise gardaqmnas, rom misiT mSvildosnis
Tanavarskvlavedis simboloc gamosaxos. am zodiaqos
simbolos ki ZvelTaganve mSvild-isari warmoadgens.
vfiqrobT, qarTuli anbanis avtori finikiur-
ZvelberZnul grafikul niSans swored mSvildis formad
gardaqmnis. am SemTxvevaSic saxeze gvaqvs grafikuli
gamosaxulebis SemoqmedebiTi gadamuSaveba. asomTavrulis
`Tan~ aso mSvildis formisaa da amave dros mSvildosnis
zodiaqos Seesabameba.

i `in~

asomTavruli anbanis me-10 aso-niSani `in~ grafikulad

Zalze martivi formisaa:

i
zodiaqoebis CamonaTvalSi igi Txis rqis zodiaqos
Seesabameba.
_ 128 _
 Txis rqis Tanavarskvlavedi uZveles droSive
gamoisaxeboda Tevziskudiani Txis saxiT. Txa-Tevzis
erToblivi saxe jer kidev Zvel babilonSi gvxvdeba.
rogorc fiqroben, am gamosaxulebam Semdeg egviptesa
da saberZneTSic SeaRwia da iqac imave Tanavarskvlaveds
gamosaxavda.
Txis rqis zodiaqos Tanamedrove aRniSvnebi Txisa da
Tevzis erTobliobas gulisxmoben:

am niSnis qveda nawili swored Tevzis kuds

warmoadgens, zeda nawili ki Txis rqas.
am Tanavarskvlavedis berZnuli dasaxeleba (aigokeros)
pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT niSnavs `Txis rqas~. am
dasaxelebaSi ar Cans Tevzisa da Txis SeerTeba.
dasaxeleba `Txis rqa~ berZnuli miTologiidan mom­
dinareobs. Tanavarskvlaveds saxeli Txa-nimfis amalTeas
mixedviT ewoda. berZnuli miTosis mixedviT, roca zevsi
Cvili iyo, amalTea mas sakuTari rZiT kvebavda. im dros
rea patara zevss kviprosis kunZulze gamoqvabulSi
malavda, kronosis risxvisgan rom daecva. rodesac
amalTeas rqa mostyda, zevsma igi `nayofierebis rqad~
aqcia. aseve zevsma ganamwesa amalTea caze Txis rqis
Tanavarskvlavedis saxiT.9
Sua saukuneebSi zodiaqos gamosaxulebad Txa-Tevzis
suraT-xati damkvidrda, Tumca saxeli kvlav berZnulidan
SemorCa da miuxedavad imisa, rom gamosaxulebaze
naxevrad Txas da naxevrad Tevzs vxedavT, saxelad `Txis
rqa~ ewodeba.
vfiqrobT, qarTuli asomTavrulis avtori berZnul
suraT-xats eyrdnoba da Tanavarskvlavedis simbolur
gamosaxulebas Txis rqis saxiT warmoadgens:

_ 129 _
 i
k `kan~

asomTavrulis me-11 niSani aris `kan~. am niSans Zalze

Taviseburi gamosaxuleba aqvs:

k
es grafika Zalze gansxvavebulia finikiur da
berZnul anbanebSi analogiuri aso-niSnis grafikisgan.
maT Soris grafikuli analogia Zalian daaxloebiT Tu
SeiZleba moiZebnos. vfiqrobT, asomTavrulis avtori
am SemTxvevaSic saocar mxatvrul suraT-xats qmnis.
igi Zalze lakoniurad gamosaxavs merwyulis zodiaqos
Sesabamis simbolos.
Zveli babilonis astrologiaSi am Tanavarskvlaveds
`didi kaci~ erqva. yvelaze Zveli gamosaxuleba, sadac
RvTaeba wyals asxams, gvxvdeba egvipteSi (denderis
zodiaqo, Zv. w. I s.).10 es warmodgenebi jer kidev Zveli
babilonuri astrologiidan momdinareobs.
Sua saukuneebSi merwyulis zodiaqoSi, ZiriTadad,
swored es suraT-xati gamoiyeneboda _ RvTaeba wylis
WurWliT xelSi. igi gadmopirqvavebuli WurWlidan wyals
zevidan qveviT asxams.
vfiqrobT, es suraT-xati saocrad xatovnadaa war­
modgenili qarTuli asomTavrulis `kan~ aso-niSanSi:
marcxena vertikaluri xazi TiTqosda zeaRmarTul
RvTaebas gamoxatavs, romelic marjvena mxares Wur­
Wlidan qveviT wyals gadmoRvris. es ori mimarTuleba
xazgasmuladaa gamokveTili:

_ 130 _
 k
asomTavrulis avtori saocari lakoniurobiTa da
sizustiT warmoadgens merwyulis zodiaqos sulier
Sinaarss.

l `las~

asomTavruli anbanis aso `las~ rigiT me-12 adgilzea.

l
zodiaqoTa rigSi igi aRniSnavs Tevzebis zodiaqos.
es Tanavarskvlavedi ZvelTaganve gamoisaxeboda kudebiT
gadabmuli ori Tevzis saxiT. Tevzebi erTmaneTisgan
sakmaod did manZilze arian dacilebuli da sxvadasxva
mxares arian mimarTuli. erT maTgans CrdiloeTis Tevzs
eZaxian, meores _ dasavleTisas (zogjer samxreTis
Tevzs). am Tanavarskvlaveds Zvel babilonSi cis kidev
ufro did monakveTze ganixilavdnen da saxelad `kudebs~
(Sumerulad KUNme) uwodebdnen.
CrdiloeTis Tevzs `didi mercxali~ erqva, xolo
dasavleTisas _ `cis meufe~.
berZnuli miTologiis mixedviT Tevzebis zodiaqos
warmoSoba dakavSirebulia afroditesa da erotTan
(romaulSi venera da amuri), romlebic zevsma (iupiterma)
Tevzebad gadaaqcia, raTa tifonis devnisgan exsna.11
is faqti, rom qarTuli anbanis gansaxilveli aso-niSani
TevzTanaa dakavSirebuli, damajerebladaa gamokvleuli.
eTnografiuli masalis mixedviT dasturdeba, rom qarTul
warmarTul RvTaebaTa panTeonSi Tevzis RvTaebas `las~
erqva.12

_ 131 _
 amitomac bunebrivia, rom asomTavrul anbanSi aso-
niSani `las~ Tevzis zodiaqos aRniSnavs.
Tevzis zodiaqos kidev ufro Zveli epoqebidan
momdinare miTosuri warmodgenebic ukavSirdeba. am
SemTxvevaSi yuradRebas miapyrobdnen im uZveles epoqas,
roca mze da dedamiwa erTmaneTs gamoeyo da wylis
stiqiidan TandaTan gamocalkevdnen miwieri arsebebi.
imdroindeli adamiani warmoidgineboda TiTqosda na­
xevrad wylis da naxevrad miwis arsebad. simbolurad igi
Tevziskudiani adamianis saxiT gamoisaxeboda.
es suraT-xati mravali xalxis miTologiur cno­
bierebaSi airekla. astrologiuri TvalsazrisiT es
Soreuli epoqa Tevzis epoqa iyo da mze Tevzis zodiaqoSi
imyofeboda.
SesaZloa, es miTosuri suraT-xatic arekliliyo
qarTuli asomTavruli anbanis `las~ aso-niSnis grafikul
saxeSi. qveda momrgvalebuli nawili SesaZloa swored
Tevzis kuds niSnavdes, radgan Sua saukuneebis Txis
rqis aRniSvnaSic swored es simbolo iyo gamoyenebuli.
naxevrad Txa da naxevrad Tevzi arseba swored msgavsi
niSniT gamoisaxa.

Txis rqa (Txa-Tevzi)

l `las~ (adamiani-Tevzi)

vfiqrobT, msgavseba aSkaraa, Tumca asomTavruli

anbanis Semoqmedi SesaZloa sxva mxatvrul ideebsac
gulisxmobda, razec dRes dabejiTebiT msjeloba Znelia.

_ 132 _
b `ban~

asomTavrul anbanSi me-2 aso-niSani `ban~ grafikulad

ase gamoisaxeba:

b
es grafikuli saxe Zalze axloa finikiur analogiur
niSanTan

`beT~

swored am niSnisgan Seiqmna berZnuli Sesabamisi

asoc. arqaul berZnulSi betas klasikur berZnulTan
SedarebiT Sebrunebuli forma aqvs, radgan maSin wera
marjvnidan marcxniv xdeboda.

arqauli berZnuli `beta~

B klasikuri berZnuli `beta~

rogorc cnobilia, finikiuri `beT~ niSnavs `saxls~.

Sesabamisi qarTuli aso-niSnis dasaxelebac analogiur
Sinaarss gulisxmobs (bani) da Zalze zustad gadmoscems
Tavad am bgeris Sinaarss.13
finikiurTan SedarebiT qarTul aso-niSans qveda xazi
Sebrunebuli mimarTulebiT aqvs. igive aso, bunebrivia,
berZnul arqaul `beta~-sac hgavs, radgan es asoc
finikiuridan momdinareobs.
zodiaqoTa wreze `ban~-is Sesabamis adgilas xaris
zodiaqoa. dReisTvis am zodiaqos gamosaxvis mravali
varianti arsebobs. zogierTi maTgani sruliad TviT­
neburia da mxolod mxatvris piradi Sexedulebidan
_ 133 _
momdinareobs. roca zeciuri Tanavarskvlavedis sulieri
mniSvneloba Rrmad iyo gaazrebuli, mis simbolur
gamosaxulebasac ufro didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda.
es zodiaqo Zveli babilonidanaa cnobili. mas `cis
xars~ eZaxdnen. ZvelTaganve igi naxtomis mdgomareobaSi
ixateboda. xSirad tani mTlianad ar gamoisaxeboda
da aqcenti mxolod Tavsa da wina fexebze keTdeboda.
radgan xari win miiswrafvoda, fexebi TiTqosda ukan iyo
mimarTuli.

xaris zodiaqos Sinaarsis sworad gadmocemisaTvis

Zvelad xari ise ixateboda, rom igi gverdiT iyureba
da naxtomis mdgomareobaSia. es Jesti aucilebelia. igi
gamosaxavs adamianis mimoxedvas Tavis irgvliv da Sinagan
gacocxlebas imisa, rac masSi cxovrobs rogorc saerTo
universaluri principi.14
vfiqrobT, qarTuli asomTavrulis Semoqmedi angariSs
uwevs im faqts, rom finikiuri `beT~ (anu `saxli~) da
qarTuli `ban~ (`bani~) analogiuri Sinaarsisani arian.
bgeris aRqmis TvalsazrisiT, orive TavSesafris gancdas
gamoxatavs. amitom igi maqsimalurad inarCunebs finikiuri
niSnis grafikas, xolo radgan amave dros xaris zodoaqos
aRniSvnis funqciasac umatebs, qveda xazis marjvniv
gadaadgilebiT aso-niSans imgvar dinamikas aniWebs,

_ 134 _
rogorc zodiaqos naxatSia _ xari marjvniv mimarTuli
fexebiTaa gamoxatuli. igi naxtomis mdgomareobaSia.

b
`ban~-is grafikuli saxe saocrad xatovnad gamoxatavs
xaris zodiaqos ZiriTad Jests.

e `en~

asomTavruli anbanis me-5 niSania `en~

e
am niSnis grafikis Seqmnisas gaTvaliswinebulia fi­
nikiuri analogiuri aso-niSani. arqauli berZnulic mis­
ganaa Seqmnili da TiTqmis finikiuris analogiuri saxe
aqvs.

arqauli finikiuri

saSualo finikiuri

astrologiuri TvalsazrisiT igi lomis zodiaqos

Seesabameba. es zodiaqoc Zveli babilonis epoqidanaa
cnobili. zogjer mas, lomis garda, `didi ZaRlis~ sa­
xeliTac moixseniebdnen.
Sua saukuneebSi lomis zodiaqos aRsaniSnavad gamo­
iyeneboda gamosaxuleba:


vfiqrobT, am gamosaxulebas pirdapiri kavSiri aqvs
_ 135 _
lomis TanavarskvlavedSi varskvlavebis ganlagebis
realur formasTan. am Tanavarskvlavedis varskvlavebi
caze daaxloebiT amgvar grafikul monaxazs qmnian.
qarTuli asomTavrulis `en~-is saxe, erTi mxriv, angariSs
uwevs winamorbedi anbanebis arqetipebs da amave dros
zodiaqos umTavres niSnebsac imeorebs. aRniSnul or
grafikul saxes Soris msgavseba sruliad aSkaraa.

g `gan~

asomTavruli anbanis me-3 niSania `gan~ _ g  .

astrologiuri TvalsazrisiT, mas Seesabameba tyupebis
zodiaqo. Tu kvlav Zvel finikiur da mis safuZvelze
Seqmnil berZnul anbanSi SevecdebiT am aso-niSnis
grafikuli arqetipis moZebnas, cxadia, rom aseTebi
arsebobs da asomTavrulis Semoqmedi am SemTxvevaSic
iTvaliswinebs ukve arsebul grafikas. igi amjeradac
Zalze SemoqmedebiTad udgeba sakiTxs da astrologiuri
koncefciis gadmosacemad mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi
Seaqvs arsebul grafikaSi.

arqauli berZnuli `gama~

klasikuri berZnuli

sxvadasxva Zvel warwerebSi asomTavruli `gan~

niuansuri gansxvavebebiT gvxvdeba.
V saukuneSi Seqmnil bolnisis sionis warweraSi igi
kuTxovani formisaa. misi elementebi sworxazovania.

g
_ 136 _
 sxva teqstebSi aso-niSnis zeda nawili ucvlelia,
magram qveda marjvena xazi talRis formisaa.

ese igi, Tu am asos arqetipad arqauli berZnulis

`gama~-s vigulisxmebT, gamodis, rom mas marcxniv da
marjvniv TiTo xazi damatebia, amave dros marcxena
damatebulia zeviT da igi vertikaluri swori monak­
veTia, xolo marjvena damatebulia qvemoT da igi
horizontaluri mrudis formisaa:

i
rac Seexeba aso `gan~-is Sesabamis zodiaqos, igi
Zvel babilonSi cnobili iyo saxeliT `didi tyupebi~.
berZnulma astrologiam babilonuri motivi gaimeora,
magram mas sakuTari miTologiuri saxeebi daumata.
saberZneTSi tyupebis zodiaqo asocirdeba moTosur
gmirebTan, ZmebTan kastorTan da polidevkesTan. isini
spartis dedoflis Svilebi iyvnen, magram sxvadasxva
mama hyavdaT. polidevkes mama TviT zevsi iyo, xolo
kastorisa spartis mefe tindarevsi. swored amitom,
erTi Zma ukvdavi iyo, meore ki _ mokvdavi. pirvels
RvTaebrivi warmoSoba miewereboda, meores _ miwieri.
miuxedavad amisa, es ori tyupi Zma mudam erTmaneTisgan
ganuyrelad moiazreboda. maT dioskurebs uwodebdnen
da mraval sagmiro saqmes ukavSirebdnen. isini kolxeTSi
argonavtebis laSqrobaSic monawileobdnen.
ese igi, berZnuli miTosi warmoadgens or Zmas,

_ 137 _
tyupebs, romlebic miuxedavad ganuyreli erTobisa,
mainc mniSvnelovnad upirispirdebian erTmaneTs, er­
Ti RvTaebrivi warmoSobisaa, meore _ miwieri. ram­
denadac qarTuli asomTavruli anbanis grafikisTvis
damaxasiaTebelia is Tavisebureba, rom igi mudam erT
vertikalze igeba, aso `gan~-is SemTxvevaSic es vertikali
Zalze gamokveTilia. mas aseve xazgasmulad ori ganStoeba
aqvs, erTi marcxniv, zeviT da meore marjvniv, qveviT. amave
dros marcxniv, zeviT arsebuli danarTi sworxazovania,
xolo marjvniv, qveviT arsebuli _ gamrudebuli. es
niuansebi zogadi koncefciis warmosadgenad Zalze
mniSvnelovania. swori xazebiT gamoisaxeba is mimarTebebi,
rac zogadad pozitiurs gamoxatavs, xolo gamrudebuli
xaziT negatiuri elementic igulisxmeba. rogorc zemoT
aRvniSneT klaknili xazi negatiuri ganwyobilebis
radikaluri formaa. qarTul asomTavrul anbanSi igi
mxolod erTxelaa gamoyenebuli da isic morielis Sxamian
nestars gamosaxavs.
`gan~ asos qveda xazi klaknili ar aris, igi ufro
mrudia.
vfiqrobT, `gan~ asos vertikaluri xaziT SeerTebuli
ori elementi _ zeda sworkuTxa da qveda mrudi, swored
RvTaebrivi da miwieris im erTobas unda mianiSnebdes,
rac dioskurebis miTSi xatovnadaa gadmocemuli.
(`zeda~ da `qveda~-c, cxadia, SemTxveviT ar aris
mocemuli)

tyupebis zodiaqoSi msgavsi motivebi danaxulia sxva

astrologiur warmodgenebSic.

_ 138 _
 cnobilia, rom Zveli sparsuli kulturis zeobis
xanaSi mze tyupebis zodiaqoSi imyofeboda (ese igi,
gazafxulis dReRamtolobisas mze tyupebis zodiaqoSi
amodioda). kacobriobis religiur cnobierebaSi swo­
red maSin Camoyalibda keTilisa da borotis ur­ Ti­
erTdapirispirebis idea. SemdgomSi es religiuri ideebi
zoroastrizmSi ganviTarda. mTel samyaroSi pozitiurisa
da negatiuris erToblivi arsebobisa da mudmivi dapi­
rispirebis idea astrologiuri TvalsazrisiT tyupebis
Tanavarskvlavedis ZalebSi iyo danaxuli.
berZnul miTebSi saxeze gvqonda ara sikeTisa da
borotebis dapirispireba, aramed RvTaebrivisa da
miwieris. es Tematika bibliaSi abelisa da kaenis dapi­
rispirebaSic aris mocemuli. sparsuli religiuri
cnobiereba samyaros ufro radikalurad, ormuzdisa da
arimanis saufloebad yofda.
marcxena zeda sworxazovanis da marjvena qveda
mrudis dapirispireba cxadadaa mocemuli asomTavrulis
`gan~ asos grafikaSi. dReisTvis dabejiTebiT Znelia imaze
msjeloba, konkretulad ra religiuri gancdebi hqonda
mis Semoqmeds, roca am aso-niSans qmnida, magram radgan
igi amave dros tyupebis zodiaqos simbolos Seqmnasac
cdilobda, SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom am zodiaqos
sulieri mniSvneloba da sxvadasxva kulturebis mis
mimarT damokidebuleba cnobili unda yofiliyo misTvis.
amjerad Cven qarTuli asomTavruli anbanis pirveli
Tormeti aso-niSnis grafikuli saxis ganxilviT Se­
movifargleT. Cvens mizans Seadgenda, gveCvenebina, rom
isini 12 zodiaqos aRsaniSnavad gamoiyeneboda da maTi
grafikuli saxeebi swored am motivebs gamosaxavs.

_ 139 _
 SeniSvnebi

1. Tamaz gamyreliZe, weris anbanuri sistema da Zveli

qarTuli damwerloba, Tbilisi, 1989
2. ramaz patariZe, qarTuli asomTavruli, nakaduli,
Tbilisi, 1980, gv. 378-379
3. Рудольф Штайнер, Человек и звезды, Астрология в свете
антропософии, Калуга, 1994, ст. 96
4. ix. SeniSvna 2, gv. 165
5. d. flemstidi, Atlas Coelestis, 1791 (Астрологический
энциклопедический словарь)
6. Астрологический энциклопедический словарь, Москва, 1994,
ст. 152
7. ix. SeniSvna 1, gv. 173
8. o. qvriviSvili, enis arqauli Zirebi, Tbilisi, 2010, gv. 91
9. ix. SeniSvna 6, gv. 237
10. ix. SeniSvna 6, gv. 111
11. ix. SeniSvna 6, gv. 343
12. ix. SeniSvna 2, gv. 413
13. ix. SeniSvna 8. gv. 112
14. ix. SeniSvna 3, gv. 96

_ 140 _
 s a ym a wv i l o s a xa de bi - `b atoneb i~

sulier samyarosTan urTierTobis erT-erTi uZvelesi

forma saqarTveloSi TiTqmis Tanamedrove epoqamde
SemorCa. es aris is tradiciuli ritualebi, romlebic
bavSvebis `saymawvilo saxadebis~ dros sruldeba. es
`saxadebi~ Tanamedrove medicinaSi ganixilebian rogorc
infeqciur daavadebaTa specifikuri saxeebi. rac Seexeba
xalxur tradicias, aq isini iwodebian ara infeqciur
daavadebebad, aramed garkveul sulier arsebebad,
romlebic didi mokrZalebiT `batonebad~ moixseniebian.
saqarTvelos zogierT kuTxeSi maT uwodeben `angelozebs~,
`bedniers~, `saxads~.
`batonebad~ wodebuli bavSvTa daavadebis Svidi
saxeoba arsebobs: yvavili, wiTela, wiTura, qunTruSa,
Cutyvavila, yivanaxvela, ybayura.
maTgan yvavili yvelaze ufro mZime SedegebiT
gamoirCeva _ Zvelad Zalian xSiri iyo sikvdilianobis
SemTxvevebi. yvavilis epidemiis gavrcelebisas xSi­
rad mTeli soflebi ganadgurebula, anda sxvagan ga­
dasaxlebula. Tanamedrove medicinam totaluri brZo­
la gamoucxada am saxads, ris Sedegadac dRevandel
msoflioSi igi ukve aRar arsebobs.
mas Semdeg, rac dasavleTis qveynebSi saymawvilo
saxadebTan tradiciuli urTierTobis formebi daviwyebas
mieca, es saxadebi infeqciur daavadebaTa jgufSi
moeqca da maTTan sabrZolvelad Tanamedrove medicinam
acrebis gza airCia. rogorc gamocdilebam aCvena, am
meTodebis masiuri gamoyeneba mcdaria. Tu raime garegani
gamarTulebeli pirobebi ar arsebobs, sasurvelia bavSvma

_ 141 _
es saxadebi acris gareSe gadaitanos (ganviTarebad
qveynebSi, sadac bavSvebi cudad ikvebebian da mZime
pirobebSi uwevT cxovreba, wiTelasgan sikvdilianoba
Zalze maRalia _ 20%. amgvari SemTxveva, cxadia, calke
unda ganixilebodes).1
saxadebTan aramarTebulma brZolam isic gamoiwvia,
rom es daavadebebi ukve mozrdil adamianebs xvdebaT da
am SemTxvevaSi, ukve rogorc anomaliuri SemTxveva, mZime
formebiT mimdinareobs.
Tanamedrove medicinas xelmeored mouxda sayo­
velTaod cnobili WeSmaritebis aRmoCena imis Sesaxeb,
rom CamoTvlil saxadebs bavSvis Camoyalibebis procesSi
sruliad gansakuTrebuli funqciebi akisriaT. maTi
sworad moxdis Semdeg bavSvebs SesamCnevad uviTardebaT
imunuri sistema da maT ganviTarebaSi aSkara progresi
SeimCneva.
medicinaSi mxolod mas Semdeg moxerxda swo­ ri
poziciis gamoZebna, rodesac am sferoSi sulismec­ ni­
erebis (anTroposofiis) monapovrebis gamoyeneba gax­
da SesaZlebeli. am SemTxvevaSi, saymawvilo saxadebi
ganxilul iqna ara rogorc mxolod garkveuli virusebisa
da baqteriebis gavrcelebis Sedegi, aramed rogorc
gansakuTrebuli sulieri movlena, romelic mniSvnelovan
rols asrulebs adamianis ganviTarebis saqmeSi.
Tanamedrove samedicino warmodgenebi azrovnebis
materialistur wess efuZneba. am warmodgenebis mi­
xedviT bavSvi ganixileba rogorc fizikuri organizmi,
romelic warmoiSva Tavisi mSoblebisgan da genetikuri
kodis saxiT sakuTar arsebaSi moicavs winaprebisagan
STamomavlobiT momdinare niSan-Tvisebebs, maT Soris
garkveul midrekilebebs ama Tu im avadmyofobis mimarT.
amis garda, garemo pirobebis zemoqmedebiT, bavSvSi
viTardeba SeZenili niSan-Tvisebebi, maT Soris garkveuli
daavadebebis mimarT SeZenili midrekilebebic.

_ 142 _
 cxadia, medicinaSi damkvidrebuli es Sexedulebebi
sruliad marTebulia, magram igi calmxrivia da ar
gamosaxavs adamianuri arsebis srul suraTs. kerZod,
am SemTxvevaSi, gamorCenilia is garemoeba, rom bavSvi
mxolod cocxali fizikuri organizmi ar aris da igi,
amave dros, garkveul individualobasac warmoadgens.
masSi aris garkveuli nawili, romelic RvTaebrivi
warmomavlobisaa da winaprebisagan ar momdinareobs.
swored es arseba gansxeulda Sesabamis sxeulSi, romelic
man Tavisi amqveyniuri winaprebisagan genetikurad
mocemul uamrav niSan-TvisebebTan erTad miiRo.
individis amqveynad dabadebisa da winaprebis mier
`gamomuSavebuli~ midrekilebebis mqone fizikuri sxe­
uliT Semosvis Semdeg, cxadia, am sxeulis yvela niSan-
Tviseba srulad ar Seesabameba misi amqveyniuri misiidan
momdinare moTxovnilebebs. aucilebelia, rom bavSvis am
memkvidreobiT sxeulSi garkveuli gardaqmnebi moxdes,
raTa igi sworad moergos mis individualur saWiroebebs;
anu bavSvs miRebuli fizikuri sxeulis `gadamuSaveba~
esaWiroeba, im musikosis msgavsad, koncertis win rom
amzadebs, gadaawyobs xolme instruments, raTa sworad
SeZlos musikaluri nawarmoebis Sesruleba. bavSvis
individualobac amzadebs (`gadaawyobs~) sakuTar fizikur
sxeuls, raTa es sxeuli amqveyniuri cxovrebis pirobebSi
sworad gamoiyenos.2
bavSvis mier fizikuri sxeulis swored am sakuTari
moTxovnilebebis mixedviT morgeba im saymawvilo sa­
xadebiT xorcieldeba, romlebzec zemoT iyo saubari.
am gziT bavSvis samSvinveli TanxmobaSi modis Sesabamis
fizikur sxeulTan.
cxadia, es procesi bavSvis mxridan sruliad ara­
cnobieria. radgan am asakSi mis qmedebebs umTavresad
sulieri arsebebi gansazRvraven, swored am sulieri
arsebebis CareviT xdeba saymawvilo saxadebis gadatanis

_ 143 _
gziT fizikuri sxeulis gardaqmna. am konteqstSi advilad
ixsneba is faqti, rom saqarTveloSi arsebuli tradiciis
mixedviT aRniSnul Svid saymawvilo saxads `batonebi~
ewodebaT. isini ganixilebian rogorc sruliad realurad
arsebuli sulieri arsebebi, romlebic ojaxSi modian da
garkveuli periodis manZilze bavSvis sxeulSi saxloben.
`batonebi” imitom arian sxvadasxva saxisani, rom
TiToeul maTgans Tavisi gansakuTrebuli misia akisria.
magaliTad, roca saWiroa bavSvis organizmis im nawilis
gardaqmna, romelic SeiZleba pirobiTad `wylis~ stiqias
Seesabamebodes (magaliTad limfuri sistemis gardaqmna),
bavSvs wiTelas batonebi moevlinebian. maTi moqmedeba
garegnuladac aSkaradaa gamoxatuli. wiTelas dros
jirkvlebi gadidebulia, saxe Sesiebulia da TvalnaTliv
SeimCneva, rom organizmSi swored is procesebia gaaq­
tiurebuli, romlebic `wylovan~ movlenebs Seesabamebian.
qunTruSas dros _ piriqiT, mTeli sxeuli Zalze
gamomSralia. bavSvs maRali sicxe aqvs. me-3 kviridan
xelisa da fexis gulebis qercvla ewyeba. garegnuladac
cxadia, rom am dros organizmSi yvelaze ufro aqtiurad
`cecxlovani~ procesebi mimdinareobs. es `batonebi~
bavSvis organizmSi mimdinare siTbur procesebs awes­
rigeben.
yivanaxvelas Tan axlavs Zalze specifikuri, wamo­
yivlebis msgavsi xveleba. yivanaxvelas dros mniSvnelovani
cvlilebebi xdeba bronqebis sferoSi. miuxedavad Zlieri
xvelebisa, procesi SeiZleba usicxod mimdinareobdes.
yivanaxvela umTavresad filtvebTan da, saerTod, sun­
TqviT procesebTanaa dakavSirebuli. amdenad, igi bavSvis
`haerovan~ organizms gardaqmnis.
yovelive zemoT Tqmuli Zalze naTladaa asaxuli im
wes-Cveulebebsa da ritualebSi, romlebic saqarTveloSi
odiTganve `batonebTan~ urTierTobis tradiciul for­
mas warmoadgenda. mniSvnelovania is faqtic, rom es

_ 144 _
ritualebi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi dRemdea
SemorCenili da faqtobrivad sulier samyarosTan
sru­liad realuri urTierTobis garkveul formas
warmoadgens. marTalia, am urTierTobis formaSi War­
badaa atavizmis elementebic, magram TavisTavad aR­
niSnuli movlena mainc mravlismetyvelia.
`mTielTa gadmocemiT `angelozebis mobrZanebas~
umetesad sizmriT igebdnen. wiTelas angelozebi wiTlebSi
gamowyobili bavSvis saxiT hyavdaT warmodgenili, yvavili
_ TeTrebSi gamowyobili, cxenze an qorze amxedrebuli
qalis an mamakacis saxiT~.3
rodesac saqarTvelos romelime sofelSi, an ubanSi
`batonebi” mobrZandebian (an sxvanairad rom vTqvaT,
roca saymawvilo saxadi gavrceldeba), da Tu igi ar aris
`batonebis~ gansakuTrebuli forma _ yvavili, mosaxleoba
am movlenas zeimiT xvdeba. bavSvis mier `batonebis~ moxda
sasixarulo movlenaa. zogierT regionSi aseTi wes-
Cveulebac arsebobs: Tu ubanSi didi xnis ganmavlobaSi
brZandebian batonebi da romelime ojaxSi misvlas
agvianeben (ese igi, am ojaxis bavSvebs ar xvdebaT), am
ojaxSi Cndeba SiSi, rom SeiZleba `batonebi~ ise wavidnen
soflidan, rom maT bavSvebs ar SexvdeT. aseT SemTxvevaSi
`batonebis~ mosawvevad saswrafod ewyoba specialuri
rituali.4
roca romelime bavSvs `batonebi~ Seeyreba, mis
ojaxSi sruliad gansakuTrebuli mdgomareoba myardeba.
aqtiuri SromiTi saqmianoba wydeba da ojaxis yvela
wevris yuradReba ojaxSi mosuli sulieri arsebebiskenaa
mimarTuli. `ojaxSi ikrZaleba yovelgvari xmauri, Cxubi,
tirili. ojaxis wevris sikvdilis SemTxvevaSic ki ar
itirebdnen: `angelozebs ar esiamovnebaT da gawyrebiano~.
ufro metic, batonebiT gardacvlili angelozebis mier
wayvanilad iTvleboda. amitomac ikrZaleboda batonebiT
gardacvlilTa glova. ar SeiZleboda tirili, Savebis

_ 145 _
Cacma. maTi dakrZalva musikiT da iavnaniT xdeboda~.5
batonebis stumrobisas oTaxs ar gvidnen, nemss da saqsov
Cxirebs ar xmarobdnen, ojaxis wevrebi alkoholur
sasmels arc sakuTar saxlSi da arc mis gareT ar svamdnen.
ojaxSi ikrZaleboda mware da mlaSe sakvebis momzadeba.
amgvari wesebis darRveva batonebis gaRizianebas iwvevda.
es movlena bavSvis fizikur mdgomareobas mkveTrad
aua­resebda da xSirad saxads seriozuli garTulebebi
mosdevda.
amgvari garTulebuli mdgomareobis SemTxvevaSi sa­
gangebo sabodiSo ritualebi ewyoboda, riTac batonebis
dawynarebas da maTi gulis mobrunebas cdilobdnen.
batonebis mobrZanebisas oTaxi saTanadod irTveba
ferad-feradi mosarTavebiT. mRerian ritualur sim­
Re­rebs. es simRerebi umTavresad ferxulTan erTad
sruldeba. dafiqsirebulia wesi, romlis mixedviTac fer­
xulSi cxra sxvadasxva gvaris qali unda monawileobdes.6
angelozebisTvis sagangebod iSleba sufra. fSav-
xevsureTSi qerisa da Wvavis ritualur kverebs acxoben.
xevSi naTlismcemlis saxelze gamomcxvar mtredis formis
kverebs awyoben sufraze.7
`batonebis~ molocvasac Tavisi gansakuTrebuli
we­
sebi aqvs. vinc moulocavs, is Tavad unda iyos ba­
tonebmoxdili. momlocvelebi arc ise bevrni arian,
TiToeul sofelSi mxolod ramdenime qals aqvs xolme
amis ufleba.
batonebiani bavSvis mimarTac sruliad gansakuTre­
buli damokidebuleba arsebobs. iTvleba, rom masSi `ba­
tonebi~ Casaxlebulan da rasac es bavSvi ambobs, `ba­
tonebis~ naubrad aRiqmeba. amitomac misi yvela sur­vili,
rogorc `batonebis~ brZaneba, dauyovnebliv sruldeba.
rogorc iTqva, mosaloci `simRera~ ZiriTadad
ferxulTan erTad sruldeba, rac sulier samyarosTan
urTierTobis uZvelesi formaa.

_ 146 _
 niSandoblivia is faqti, rom mosaloci simReris,
egreT wodebuli `iavnanas~ ZiriTadi musikaluri motivi
mTel saqarTveloSi ucvlelia. mxolod mcire sxvaobebi
arsebobs (magaliTad, gurulSi bani moZravia). ramdenime
msgavsi nimuSi gvxvdeba wina aziis ritualebSic (maT
Soris somxurSic).8
Zalze mravlismetyvelia is teqstebi, romlebic am
ritualebisas simReriT warmoiTqmis. erT-erTi yvelaze
vrceli da sruli teqsti amgvarad JRers:

iavnana

iav nana, vardo nana, iav naninao,

aq batonebi mobrZandnen, vardo naninao.
mobrZandnen da gagvaxares, iav naninao,
batonebis mamidasa, iav naninao,
qveS gavuSliT xaliCasa, vardo naninao,
imasac ar davajerebT, iav naninao,
zed gavufenT orxosaca, vardo naninao.
am batonebis dedasa, iav naninao,
Sig uwevs batoniSvili, iav naninao,
usxia oqros qoCori, vardo naninao,
atlasis sabani hxuravs, iav naninao,
zar-babTisa artaxebiT, vardo naninao,
movis perangi ucviaT, iav naninao,
mTvare grexilaT uvliaT, vardo naninao,
varskvlavi Rilad ubniaT, iav naninao,
lalis CanCxura ubiaT, vardo naninao,
gadahkvren, gadaarweven, iav naninao,
amod brZaneben nanasa, vardo naninao,
Svidi batoni da-Zmani, iav naninao,
Svid sofels movefineTo, vardo naninao,
Svidni wiTelCoxianni, iav naninao,
Svidni dani, Svidni mzeni, vardo naninao,

_ 147 _
 deda barbares Svilebi, iav naninao,
Svidi TefSi margaliti, vardo naninao,
Svid sofels gadavaSaleT, iav naninao,
mere isev wamovkrifeT, vardo naninao,
Svidgan daveciT karavi, iav naninao,
Svidganve movilxineTo, vardo naninao,
iagundis maranSia, iav naninao,
Rvino sdgas da lali sWvivis, vardo naninao,
Sig alvis xe amosula, iav naninao,
totebi aqvs nargiziso, vardo naninao,
zed bulbuli Semomjdara, iav naninao,
Savardeni frTasa Sliso, vardo naninao,
ia vkrife, vardi vSale, iav naninao,
win batonebs gavuSale, vardo naninao.

saqarTveloSi `iavnanas~ uamravi varianti arsebobs,

magram sruliad TvalsaCinoa, rom maTSi gadmocemuli
ZiriTadi motivebi ucvlelia. am teqstebs axasiaTebT
motivebis saocari simyare rogorc musikaluri, aseve
Sinaarsobrivi TvalsazrisiT.
marTalia, warmodgenil teqstSi naTladaa mocemuli
is ZiriTadi ganwyobileba, rac `batonebTan~ mimarTebaSi
arsebobs, magram mis arsSi gasarkvevad mainc saWiroa
ramdenime momentis dazusteba.
teqstis dasawyisSive mimarTvis formiT mocemulia
ori yvavilisgan (ia da vardi) nawarmoebi gamoTqmebi.
orive moixsenieba rogorc nana (iav nana, vardo nana).
ese igi, miemarTeba ias da vards da amave dros orives
rogorc nanas. SemdegSi yovel striqonSi es mimarTvebi
TanmimdevrobiT monacvleoben.
dasawyisSive irkveva, rom iq, sadac es mosaloci
sruldeba, ukve mosulan `batonebi~, rasac didi sixaruli
gamouwvevia:

_ 148 _
 `aq batonebi mobrZandnen, vardo naninao,
mobrZandnen da gagvaxares, iav naninao.~

am uwyebas mosdevs dapireba, rom batonebis mamidas

didi pativiT Sexvdebian da win xaliCas gauSlian:

`batonebis mamidasa, iav naninao,

qveS gavuSliT xaliCasa, vardo naninao~.

amis Semdeg saubaria imis Sesaxeb, rom batonebs hyo­

liaT deda, romelsac oqros akvani udgas win da Sig
batoniSvili uwevs. Tavad batoniSvili ki didi brwyin­
valebiT gamoirCeva.
batoniSvilisa da misi mdidrulad morTuli akvnis
aRwerilobas mosdevs batonebis mier pirvel pirSi
moTxrobili ambavi imis Sesaxeb, rom isini Svidi da-Zmani
yofilan da Svid sofels mohfenian. amave dros isini
moixseniebian rogorc `Svidni dani, Svidni mzeni~ da
irkveva, rom batonebi barbares Svilebi yofilan.

`Svidni dani, Svidni mzeni, vardo naninao,

deda barbares Svilebi, iav naninao.~

teqsti gvixatavs uaRresad sakralur suraT-xats

maranSi alvis xis amosvlasTan dakavSirebiT. xes totebi
nargizisa aqvs da zed bulbuli Semomjdara.
mosaloci mTavrdeba aseve mniSvnelovani uwyebiT:

`ia vkrife, vardi vSale, iav naninao,

win batonebs gavuSale, vardo naninao~.

rogorc vxedavT, teqstSi, romliTac ia-nanas da

vard-nanas mimarTaven, batonebis garda didi pativiTaa
moxsenebuli batonebis mamida da deda.

_ 149 _
 sruliad cxadia, rom mosalocSi naxsenebi Svidi
`batoni~ gamosaxavs im Svid saymawvilo saxads, rom­
lebzedac zemoT iyo saubari (yvavili, wiTela, wiTura,
qunTruSa, Cutyvavila, yivanaxvela da ybayura). isini
warmoadgenen sulier arsebebs, romlebsac hyavT deda da
mamida. batonebis mamaze teqstSi ar aris saubari.
vfiqrobT, batonebis dedisa da mamidis saxiT
mocemulia saymawvilo saxadebTan dakavSirebuli ori
aspeqti _ erTi mxriv, deda, rogorc mziuri aspeqti
da, meore _ aseve mdedrobiTi sawyisis gamomxatveli,
magram xazgasmiT mamis mxridan warmodgenili mamida,
anu mTvareuli aspeqti (am SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba, rom
saqarTveloSi mdedrobiTi aspeqtiT xasiaTdeboda mze,
xolo mamrobiTiT mTvare).
`batonebi~ yvavilebiviT efinebian sofels. am Sem­
TxvevaSi mocemulia ori erTmaneTisgan didad gan­
sxvavebuli yvavilis iis da vardis suraT-xatebi, magram
isini gaerTianebulni arian nanas niSniT.
nana uZvelesi droidan cnobili mTvareuli RvTaebaa
da jer kidev uZvelesi Sumeruli warmodgenebidanaa
cnobili nanaris saxeliT. igi gamoisaxeboda xaris saxiT,
romelsac aqvs laJvardisferi wveri da rqebi.
Semdgomi periodis Sumerul-aqadur miTebSic nana
mTvaris RvTaebaa. babilonSi misi mTavari qurumi qali
mefis asuli iyo.
skandinaviur miTebSi nana sinaTlis RmerTis colia.9
uZveles qarTul miTebSic xSirad moixsenieba
qalRmerTi nana, romelic yrmaTa mfarvelia. batonebis
mosalocebSi, nanas mTvareuli xasiaTis garda, es
aspeqtic xazgasmulia.
mosalocis mixedviT batonebTan Sexvedra pirvelad
mamidis mxridan xdeba. pirvelad swored mamidas xvdebian
mokrZalebiT. dedasTan Sexvedraze ar aris saubari.
naTqvamia, rom deda TviTon zis akvanTan da batoniSvilis

_ 150 _
gankurnebaSi monawileobs.
rogorc irkveva, batonebis, anu saxadis mosvla
dakavSirebulia mamidasTan (Sexvedra xdeba batonebTan
da mamidasTan), rac niSnavs, rom saymawvilo saxadis saxiT
mosuli sulieri arsebebi mTvareuli xasiaTisani arian.
saxadi mTvareuli Zalebisgan momdinareobs. saxadisagan
gankurneba rom warmatebiT ganxorcieldes, amisaTvis
saWiroa mkurnalobaSi monawileobdes batonebis deda,
anu barbare. igi ganasaxierebs mziur sulier Zalebs
da amdenad saxadis gankurneba warmogvidgeba rogorc
mziuri Zalebis mier mTvareuli Zalebis gawonasworebis
movlena.
barbare qarTuli miTosuri panTeonis erT-erTi uZve­
lesi RvTaebaa. kosmologiur ciklSi igi mzis mimoqcevis
movlenebs ukavSirdeba. mziuri RvTaeba, barbare,
kosmiur gveleSaps ebrZvis. gveleSapi ylapavs mTvares,
xolo mziuri barbare mas sxivebiT fatravs da mTvares
anTavisuflebs. Zvel qarTul religiur warmodgenebSi
barbare (barbale) aseve gvxvdeba rogorc nayofierebisa
da gamravlebis RvTaeba. xalxuri rwmeniT barbare RvTa­
ebrivi mkurnalia. marTalia, mas yvela daavadebisagan
gankurnebis unari miewereba, magram gansakuTrebiT
aqcentirebulia misi Tvalis daavadebebTan da saymawvilo
saxadebTan mimarTeba. barbare saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi
saymawvilo saxadebis, anu batonebis dedad iTvleba.10
warmarTuli barbarobis garda, oficialuri eklesiac
aRniSnavs wminda barbares dResaswauls da aqac igi swo­
red mkurnaladaa warmodgenili.
barbaroba imarTeba 17-19 dekembers da win uswrebs
mzis dgomis dasawyiss, rasac 25 dekembers mzebudobis
dasasruli, anu macxovris Soba mosdevs (axali da Zveli
kalendaruli stilebis gansxvavebis gamo, dReisTvis,
macxovris SobasTan es mimarTeba aRar aris daculi).
saqarTvelos bevr kuTxeSi msgavsi dResaswauli sxva

_ 151 _
periodebSic imarTeba. gansakuTrebiT niSandoblivia
bar­bares dReobebis aRniSvna yvelieris orSabaTs (sameg­
reloSi, svaneTSi... ). barbaresTan dakavSirebul svanur
dResaswaulebSi ZiriTadad swored orSabaTi da xuTSabaTi
gvxvdeba. am dResaswaulebze ufro metad aqcentirebulia
nayofierebis RvTaebasTan dakavSirebuli aspeqtebi,
xolo dekembris dResaswauls imdenad didi mniSvneloba
eniWeboda, rom magaliTad, igive svaneTSi am Tves barblaS
ewodeboda.11
barbares samkurnalo unarebSi Tvalebis mkurnalobis
gamorCeva Zalze mniSvnelovan miniSnebas Seicavs. ro­
gorc n. marma aCvena, Zvel qarTulSi Tvalis enobrivi
gamomsaxveloba erTdroulad momdinareobda rogorc
mzis, aseve mTvaris dasaxelebebidan (mze _ mzera, mTvare
_ Toare _ To al).12,13 Zvel warmodgenebSi mze Tvalsac
niSnavda.
amgvari Sexedulebebi Zalze xSirad gvxvdeba Zveli
xalxebis warmodgenebSi. Zvel religiur sistemebSi,
rodesac saubaria RmerTisagan adamianis Seqmnaze, anda
misi fizikuri sxeulis calkeuli nawilebis kavSirebze
sulier samyarosTan, yovelTvis xazgasmiT mieniSneba,
rom marcxena da marjvena Tvali sxvadasxva sulier
Zalebs ukavSirdeba. rodesac es sakiTxi planetarul
safexurebze ganixileba, TvalebTan mimarTebaSi swored
mziuri da mTvareuli Zalebi igulisxmeba. mzeraSi
erToblivad moqmedeben mziuri da mTvareuli Zalebi.
barbare Tvalebis mkurnalia. mxedvelobis aRd­
gena swored mTvareuli da mziuri Zalebis urTierT­
gawonasworebaSi gamoixateba.
batonebi, rogorc saymawvilo saxadebi, bavSvTan
mTvareuli niSniT modian. iac da vardic mTvaris RvTaebis
nanas impulsiT arian mocemulni. es aris qalRvTaeba
mamis mxridan, ese igi mamida, rac swored mis mTvareul
xasiaTze mianiSnebs (mamis nakadi mTvareulia). mxolod

_ 152 _
Semdeg gamovlindeba mdedrobiTi aspeqtiT warmodgenili
mziuri Zalebi. deda barbare gankurnavs bavSvs.
ramdenadac mosaloc teqstSi iisa da vardis suraT-
xatebi farTodaa warmodgenili, SeiZleba SevniSnoT,
rom mzisa da mTvaris motivebis monacvleoba yvelaze
TvalsaCinod swored mcenareul samyaroSia gamosaxuli.
mcenaris fizikur agebulebaSic ki TvalsaCinoa, Tu
rogor enacvlebian isini erTmaneTs. garkveul nawilSi
mcenare Rerodaa warmodgenili. mTvareuli Zalebi mas
Reros formamde `kumSaven~, magram Semdgom monakveTSi
ukve mziuri Zalebis gamovlinebas aqvs adgili da
mcenare TiTqosda Rerodan totebisken (foTlebisken)
farTovdeba, rasac kvlav mkumSavi mTvareuli Zalebis
moqmedeba enacvleba. mzis ZalebiT xdeba mcenaris zrda
da ganvrcoba, da piriqiT, rac ikumSeba, is rac mcenareTa
zrdis Zalebs kvlav erTad kravs erTi yvavilobidan
meoremde da Tesls warmoqmnis, mTvaris ZalTa gavlenis
qveS imyofeba.14
sxvadasxva mcenareebSi kosmosuri Zalebi sxvadasxva
saxiT vlindebian. batonebis mosalocebSi swored am
ritmebis zomieri monacvleoba igulisxmeba, roca ia
da vardis suraT-xatebi TanmimdevrobiT enacvlebian
erTmaneTs. bolos ki, rodesac mTvareuli Zalebis
gawonasworeba mziuri ZalebiT ukve srul harmonias
aRwevs, teqsti amgvari uwyebiT mTavrdeba:

`ia vkrife, vardi vSale, iav naninao,

win batonebs gauSale, vardo naninao~.

swored am daskvniT nawilSi gamoixateba centraluri

motivi. iisa da vardis suraT-xatebis monacvleoba imiT
mTavrdeba, rom mokrefili ia batonebis winaSe vardad
gaiSleba. sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, iam nayofad vardi
moiwia.

_ 153 _
 iis vardad gardaqmnis motivi batonebis yvela
mosalocSi gvxvdeba. zog SemTxvevaSi igi erTaderT mo­
tivsac ki warmoadgens, an SesaZloa mosalocSi erTaderT
motivadRaa SemorCenili. magaliTad, erT-erTi moxevuri
`iavnane”, romelic m. Jordaniam Caiwera, amgvarad ga­
moiyureba:

`iavnane, vardo nane, iavnanine,

iam gaSala vardebi, iavnanine,
iavnane, vardo nane, iavnanine,
iam gaSala vardebi, iavnanine,
. . . . . . . . . .”

teqstSi mxolod is motivia, rom iam vardebi moisxa,

ese igi, yvavilis Rero iisaa, magram masze vardebi gaiSala.
misive msgavsia meore moxevuri `iavnanec~:15

`iavnane, vardo nane, iavnanine,

iam gaSala vardebi, iavnanine,
ho, botono iavnanine,
nane, vardo nane, iavnanine~.

rogorc vxedavT, orive moxevur variantSi xazgasmiT

aRiniSneba, rom iam vardebi gaSala. ese igi, iis Rerom iis
yvavilis nacvlad vardis yvavili moisxa.
erT-erT versiaSi gvxvdeba gamoTqma `ia vkrife, vardi
vkone~. ese igi, iad mokrefili yvavili Sekonvisas vardad
gardaiqmna.
rogorc irkveva, iis vardad gardaqmnis es moti­
vi ritualuri mosalocebidan TandaTan xalxur Se­
moqmedebaSic gadavida da saero simRerebis teqstebSi
damkvidrda.
arsebobs xalxuri simRera, romlis mTeli teqstidan
erTaderTi winadadebaa SemorCenili da dReisTvis ase
sruldeba:
_ 154 _
 `vardsa vkrefdi iasa~.

rac imas niSnavs, rom vardebi iis Reroze ikrifeboda.

arsebobs erTi kargad cnobili xalxuri simRerac,
romlis teqstic amgvarad iwyeba:

`imav mTazeda Tovlianze, Tovlianzedao,

ia davTese, harulalo, vardi mosulao . . . ~

simReris am dasawyisSi saocari suraT-xatia mo­

cemuli. Tovlian mTaze iTeseba ia, xolo am Teslidan
amodis vardi. rogorc am simReris teqstis gamokvlevam
aCvena,16 es melodia Seesabameba saferxulo Sesrulebas.
odesRac isic ritualuri xasiaTisa yofila.
erT cnobil simReraSic SeiZleba moviZioT aRniSnuli
motivis gamoZaxili:

`ia da vardo Tamaro

Sena xar mze da mTvareo,
. . . . . . . . . .~

am simReris teqsti grZelia, magram amjerad mxolod

dasawyiss SevexebiT. rogorc vxedavT, Tamars miemarTeba
jer rogorc erTdroulad ias da vards, xolo Semdeg aseve
erTdroulad mzes da mTvares. rogorc zemoT vnaxeT,
es ori motivi swored umTavres ideas warmoadgenda
batonebis mosalocSi, magram, erTi SexedviT, am teqstSi
saubaria Tamarze da ara batonebze. rogorc irkveva,
es ar aris SemTxveviTi. magaliTad, fSavSi dRemdea Se­
morCenili amgvari warmodgena: avadmyofobasTan da­
kavSirebuli barbares funqcia Tamarzea gadatanili.
`yovelgvari avadmyofobisagan damcvelad da mkurnalad
fSavlebs Tamari miaCniaT da `Reles aqim-dedofals~
uwodeben~.17

_ 155 _
 vfiqrobT, warmodgenili xalxuri simReris teqstSi
swored am ideis gamoZaxilia SemorCenili.
Tu moyvanil magaliTebs SevajamebT, SeiZleba aRv­
niSnoT, rom batonebis mosaloc yvela teqstSi da bevr
gaxalxurebul simReraSic SemorCenilia iis vardad
gardaqmnis idea. es motivi advilad aixsneba, Tu kidev
erTxel gavixsenebT saymawvilo saxadebis funqcias
bavSvis ganviTarebisas. rogorc aRvniSneT, batonebis
daxmarebiT bavSvis samSvinveli da fizikuri sxeuli
erTmaneTTan TanxmobaSi mo­ dian. individualoba, ro­
melmac dabadebisas winaparTagan momdinare fizikuri
sxeuli Seimosa, am saxadebis saSualebiT fizikuri
sxeulis saTanado `gadamuSavebas~ cdilobs. batonebis
meSveobiT fizikuri sxeuli gardaiqmneba da faqtobrivad
am gziT individualoba fizikur sxeuls icvlis. igi ukve
aRar aris iseTi, rogoric unda yofiliyo im SemTxvevaSi,
dabadebisas mocemul memkvidreobiT niSan-Tvisebebs
ucvlelad rom gaegrZelebinaT arseboba. ritualur
teqstebSi aRiniSneba, rom moxda mniSvnelovani gardaqmna:
iis Reros ucvleli saxiT SenarCunebis miuxedavad, man
nayofad vardis yvavilebi moisxa, an zog SemTxvevaSi, iad
mokrefili yvavilebi Semdeg gardaisaxa vardad. erTgan
ki rogorc vnaxeT, cvlileba ukve daTesvis Semdeg moxda,
rodesac Tovlian mTaze daTesili iis Teslisgan vardi
amovida.
marTalia, amjerad Cveni yuradReba ZiriTadad iis
vardad gardaqmnis motivze gavamaxvileT, magram rogorc
irkveva, sruli saxiT warmodgenili `iavnana~-s teqstis
bolo nawili mTlianad am motivis sxvadasxva variaciebs
warmoadgens:

`iagundis maranSia, iav naninao,

Rvino sdgas da lali sWvivis, vardo naninao,
Sig alvis xe amosula, iav naninao,
totebi aqvs nargizisa, vardo naninao.
_ 156 _
 zed bulbuli Semomjdara, iav naninao,
Savardeni frTasa Sliso, vardo naninao,
ia vkrife, vardi vSale, iav naninao,
win batonebs gavuSale, vardo naninao~.

ese igi, vidre mosaloci iis vardad gardaqmniT

Sejamdeba, gveuwyeba, rom maranSi marTalia Rvino dgas,
magram misi saxiT lali sWvivis. Semdeg gvamcnoben, rom
am maranSi amosul alvis xes nargizis totebi gamosvlia,
xolo masze Semomjdari bulbuli frTebis gaSlisas
Sevardnad gardaisaxeba.
rogorc vxedavT, yvela es suraT-xati erTi da imave
motivis sxvadasxva saxeebia.
aqve yuradReba gvinda gavamaxviloT erT mniSvnelovan
motivzec:
saqarTvelos bevr kuTxeSi gvxdeba batonebis mosa­
locebi, sadac teqstSi moxsenebulia ioane naT­ lis­
mcemeli. ufro xSirad igi imgvar konteqstSia war­
modgenili, rom `batonebis mamidis~ nacvlad naxmaria
gamoTqma `naTlismcemlis mamida~. zog SemTxvevaSi ki
iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom batonebi ioane naTlismcemlis
debi arian. magaliTad, `ioane naTlismcemeli xevSi
bavSvebisa da qalebis mfarvelad iTvleba. ivanoba xevis
saerTo dReoba iyo, qalebis `fexisa~ ki _ misi aucilebeli
elementi. `fexisas~ ZiriTadad xnieri qalebi Caabamdnen
xolme”. isini `iavnanas~ teqsts mRerodnen:18

`iavnana, vardonana, iavnaninao,

iavnanis mamidasa win gavuSli xaliCasa,
iavnana, vardonana, iavnaninao.
ia-vardi Sensa gzasa, iavnaninao.
naTlismcemlis mamidao, SenTan movel salocavad,
iavnaninao,
Casvlisas mogve wyaloba, wasvlisas gamogvayoleo~.

_ 157 _
 fxeleSeSi `iavnanas~ aseTi varianti sruldeba:

`iavnana, vardonana, iavnaninao,

naTlismcemlis mamidasa win gavuSliT xaliCasa,
iavnana, vardonana, iavnaninao . . .~ 19

xevSi arsebobs batonebis `gasarTobi~ `iavnanas~ aseTi

variantic:

`..........
naTlismcemlis samsa dasa, iavnanineo,
zurgT akvani hkidia, iavnanineo,
Sig uwvanan oqros burTi, iavnanineo,
zed hyria ia da vardi, iavnanineo~,20
. . . . . . . . . . .~

rogorc vxedavT, am teqstebis mixedviT batonebi

ioane naTlismcemlis debi yofilan da saerTo mamida
hyoliaT, romelsac miemarTeba mosalocebSi.
erTi SexedviT ucnauri suraTi gvesaxeba: TiTqosda
ranairad SeiZleboda, rom ioane naTlismcemeli say­
mawvilo saxadebis rigSi aRmoCeniliyo?
sinamdvileSi warmodgenili suraT-xati sruliad gan­
sazRruli Sinaarsis Semcvelia. rodesac Cven vlaparakobT
batonebis daxmarebiT fizikuri sxeulis gardaqmnaze, ar
SeiZleba ar gavixsenoT, rom am movlenas yvelaze ufro
grandiozul masStabSi iordaneze iesos naTlisRebisas
hqonda adgili. im dRes Tavad uzenaesi suli _ qriste
gamovlinda fizikur sxeulSi. adamianurma sxeulma Tavis
TavSi Tavad uflis sulis dateva SesZlo. es gardaqmna ki
swored ioane naTlismcemlis meSveobiT ganxorcielda.
ese igi, am SemTxvevaSi ioane igive funqcias asrulebs,
rasac bavSvebis samSvinvelisa da sxeulis mimarTebaSi
batonebi asruleben.

_ 158 _
 swored amitomaa, rom teqstebSi ioane naTlismcemeli
batonebis rigSi moixsenieba. es uwyeba mianiSnebs maT mier
aRsrulebuli movlenebis msgavsebas. orive SemTxvevaSi
saqme gvaqvs fizikuri sxeulis uRrmes saidumloebebTan,
fizikuri sxeulis im uZveles misteriasTan, romlis
udidesi warmomadgeneli swored ioane naTlismcemelia.

SeniSvnebi

1. ekard fon laue, leqcia bavSvTa daavadebebis Sesaxeb,

Tbilisi, Terapiis saxli, 18, V. 1998
2. ix. SeniSvna 1
3. lia buRaZe, bavSvTa daavadebebi, adamiani da buneba,
almanaxi #3, 2000 (miTiTebulia: m. mindaZe, bavSvTa
infeqciur daavadebebTan dakavSirebuli rwmena-
warmodgena da wes-Cveulebebi saqarTveloSi)
4.
nato zumbaZe, sakandidato disertacia Temaze:
savedrebeli da sadidebeli simRerebi qarTul qalTa
sawesCveulebo folklorSi: Janruli specifika da
mravalxmianoba. Tbilisi, 1997
5. lia buRaZe, bavSvTa daavadebebi, adamiani da buneba,
almanaxi 3, 2000, gv. 33
6. ix. SeniSvna 4
7. ix. SeniSvna 5, gv. 32
8. ix. SeniSvna 4
9. a. gelovani, miTologiuri leqsikoni, Tbilisi, 1983
10. v. bardaveliZe, qarTvelTa uZvelesi sarwmunoebis
istoriidan RvTaeba barbar-babar, Tbilisi, 1941
11. ix. SeniSvna 10
12. Н. Марр. Китайский язык и палеонтология речи. Избранные
работы, IV. gv.101- 103
_ 159 _
13. Н. Марр. Эфетические зори на украинском хуторе.
Избранные работы, V. gv. 259
14.
r. Staineri, swavlebis meTodika da aRzrdis
sasicocxlo pirobebi, Tbilisi, 1995
15. xevSi Caiwera m. Jordaniam, 1960
16. ix. SeniSvna 4
17. ix. SeniSvna 10
18. ix. SeniSvna 4
19. n. abakelia, q. alaverdaSvili, n. RambaSiZe, qarTul
xalxur dReobaTa kalendari, Tbilisi, 1991
20. s. makalaTia, xevi, Tbilisi, 1934

_ 160 _
 s a c x ov r e bl is f ormi s evolucia

rogorc arqeologiuri kvlevis masalebi adastureben,

adamianis sacxovrebelma istoriis xangrZlivi periodis
manZilze mkveTri evoluciuri gza gaiara uZvelesi
gamoqvabulebidan Tanamedrove caTambjenebamde. sac­
xovreblis formis evoluciis ganxilva gaZneldeba, Tuki
am process Tavad am formebis Semoqmedis _ adamianis
cnobierebasTan mimarTebaSi ar ganvixilavT. am xangrZliv
istoriul procesSi gadamwyveti swored is iyo, rom
Tavad adamiani icvleboda. misi cnobierebis evolucia
sacxovreblis formis cvlilebas gansazRvravda.
kacobriobis istoriaSi iyo dro, rodesac adamiani
sakuTar arsebas mTeli kosmosis erT-erT Semadgenel
nawilad ganicdida. marTalia, mas ar hqonda Tavisi
individualobis cxadlivi SegrZneba, magram samagierod,
bundovani naTelxilvis meSveobiT imis gamocdileba
gaaCnda, rom mis irgvliv mimdinare movlenebSi mTeli
sulieri samyaro monawileobda. adamiani sakuTar arsebas
ganicdida rogorc mis gareT arsebul sulier arsebaTa
moqmedebis arenas. misi individualuri „me“ jer kidev
Canasaxovan mdgomareobaSi imyofeboda. ramdenadac
sakacobrio evoluciis am safexurze adamians jer
kidev ar hqonda sakuTari Tavisufali qmedebis naTeli
warmodgena, igi sakuTari sacxovreblis Senebisas mis
garedan inspirirebuli ZalebiT daaxloebiT iseve
xelmZRvanelobda, rogorc dReisTvis amas cxovelebi,
an frinvelebi akeTeben. cxadia, frinvelis mier
agebuli budis „samSeneblo sibrZne“ Tavad am frinvelis
„azrovnebis“ farglebSi ar Tavsdeba. amgvari xelovneba
am frinvelTa gansazRvruli saxeobis koleqtiuri
kuTvnilebaa.
_ 161 _
 istoriis uZveles safexurebze adamianis mier
sakuTari sacxovreblis Seqmnisas misi individualobis
elementebi Zalze umniSvnelod warmoCindeboda. adamianTa
sacxovreblebi im dros sivrcis gansakuTrebuli raci­
onaluri organizaciiT gamoirCeoda, iseve, rogorc es
dReisTvis frinvelTa da cxovelTa sacxovreblebisTvisaa
damaxasiaTebeli.
sakacobrio evoluciis Semdgom safexurebze adamianma
TandaTan dakarga sulieri samyaros cxadlivi gancda,
magram masSi ufro da ufro ganviTarda sakuTari arsebis
SegrZnebis unari. misi yuradReba TandaTan grZnobad
samyaroze iqna gadatanili. fizikurma yofam ufro
naTlad aRqmadi saxe miiRo. es movlena Tavad adamianis
sacxovreblis formaSic aisaxa. adamianis Sinagani
arsidan momdinare impulsebi ufro da ufro aqtiurad
monawileobdnen sacxovreblis SeqmnaSi. istoriuli yofis
daaxloebiT imave periodSi xdeba enobrivi danawevrebac,
calkeuli sametyvelo enebis Camoyalibeba.
kacobriobis pirvelad enas ar hqonda sityvebiT
gamosaxuli cnebebi. is iyo danawevrebuli bgeriTi
metyveleba. adamiani sakuTar grZnobebs da gancdebs
sxvadasxva bgerebis gamocemiT axerxebda. yovel bgeras,
an bgeraTa jgufs sxvadasxva gancda Seesabameboda.
amgvari bgeriTi „metyvelebis“ narCenebi dRevandel
metyvelebaSic naTladaa SemorCenili. es SemorCenili
„sityvebi“ yvela enis saerTo kuTvnilebas warmoadgens,
radgan maTi mniSvneloba mTeli kacobriobisTvis erTi
da igivea da Targmna ar sWirdeba. magaliTad, gamoTqmebi
„o...!“ „ah..!“ „a..!“ „eh..!“ yvela enaze erTi da igive
grZnobebs gamosaxavs.
mkveTri gansxvaveba arsebobs xmovnebiTa da Tan­
xmovnebiT gamosaxul mniSvnelobebs Soris. xmovnebi
gamoxataven adamianis Sinagan gancdas _ mis Sinagan
tkivils, sixaruls, mwuxarebas. Tanxmovnebi, piriqiT,

_ 162 _
garegani samyaros mimarT damokidebulebas gamoxataven,
anu Tu rogor grZnobs adamiani mis gareT arsebul
sagnebsa da movlenebs.
evoluciis Semdgom procesSi adamianis gancdebi
ufro da ufro mravalmxrivi gaxda da amdenad, bgeraTa
jgufebma ufro da ufro rTuli saxeebi miiRo. es procesi
sabolood bgeraTa jgufebis _ sityvebis Seqmnamde
mivida. swored am etapze iwyeba aRniSnuli pirveladi
enis danawevreba _ calkeul sametyvelo enebad daSla.
roca uZvelesi adamiani gareSe faqtorebis negatiur
zemoqmedebas ganicdida, mas, cxadia, sicivisgan, qarisgan,
wvimisgan Tavis dacvis miswrafeba uCndeboda. mtrisagan
Tavdacvis grZnobac bunebrivi grZnobaa. am TavdacviTi
instinqtis moqmedebiT adamiani TavSesafris moZebnas
lamobda. roca igi bunebaSi TavSesafrisTvis gamosadeg
garemos ipovida, bunebrivia, igi raime gamoZaxiliT
gamoxatavda am grZnobas, Tundac imisTvis, rom es
„aRmoCena“ Tavisi TanamoZmeTaTvis gadaeca. kacobriobis
im pirvelad enaze TavSesafris gancda gamoisaxeboda
Tanxmovani bgeriT _ „b“. bgera „b“ gamosaxavda adamianis
gareT arsebul garemoSi TavSesafris gancdas. Tu am
aRmoCenas adamianis Sinagan arsebaSi, magaliTad, gaocebis
grZnoba mohyveboda, mas daemateboda xmovani „a“. ase
warmoiqmneboda marcvali „ba“.
uZvelesma enebma naTlad Semoinaxes bgeraTa es
pirveladi mniSvnelobebi. SemdegSi es mniSvnelobebi
anbanebis Seqmnis procesSic naTlad gamovlinda.
Sumeruli anbanis Seqmnisasac aRniSnuli meTodi iqna
gamoyenebuli: sityvis pirveli bgeris dasaxeleba mis
Sinaarss Seesabameba. magaliTad, aso „b“-s dasaxeleba
„beT“ swored „saxls“ niSnavs. ese igi, Sumerul anbanSi
aso „b“ saxlis mniSvnelobas gamosaxavs.
aqve SeiZleba vaCvenoT, rom qarTul enaSic Zalze
naTlad fiqsirdeba Soreul winaparTa aRniSnuli cno­

_ 163 _
bierebis formac da asoTwarmoqmnis aRniSnuli principic.
qarTul anbanSi aso „b“-s ewodeba „ban“. es sityva
ki Sumerulis msgavsad, saxls Seesabameba. bani saxlis
umTavresi nawilia _ misi gadaxurvaa. amave dros
swored bani qmnis adamianisTvis umTavres TavSesafars.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qarTul enaSi aso „b“ sacxovrebels
gulisxmobs. am SemTxvevaSi „b“ bgeris praenidan momdinare
TavSesafris mniSvneloba SenarCunebulia. qarTuli enis
es fenomeni kidev ufro cxadad vlindeba sacxovreblis
kidev erT mniSvnelobaSi _ bina.
„b“ bgeris igive mniSvnelobas vxvdebiT bevr qarTul
sityvaSi:
Citebis TavSesafari, cxadia aris bude. aso „b“ aqac
akrofonuli mniSvnelobiTaa warmodgenili.
aseve „b“ bgera gansazRvravs gareul cxovelTa
TavSesafris dasaxelebasac _ bunagi.
Sinaur cxovelTa TavSesafaria boseli. aseve msgavsi
mniSvnelobis matarebelia sityva baga.
TavSesafari esaWiroeba ara mxolod cxovelebs,
aramed mosavalsac. glexi moweul marcvlovan mosavals
iseT TavSesafarSi abinavebs, rogoricaa beReli.
rogorc vxedavT, qarTul enaSi Tanxmovan „b“-s
pirveladi gancda uaRresad farTodaa SemorCenili.
cnobierebis evoluciis Semdgom safexurze adamiani
iwyebs sakuTari fizikuri arsebis ufro cxadliv
gancdas. igi acnobierebs, rom sacxovrebelis msgavsad,
misi sxeulic sulis TavSesafaria, anu adamiani cxovrobs
saxlSi, xolo igi, rogorc sulieri arseba, cxovrobs
sakuTar sxeulSi. am TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovani
paraleli arsebobs adamianis saxlsa da missave sxeuls
Soris. uZvelesi cnobierebis es Srec naTlad Semoinaxa
qarTulma enam. orive es sityva erTi da igive TanxmovanTa
jgufisgan Sedgeba:

s a
xl i

_ 164 _
 sx eu
l i

ese igi, erTi da igive TanxmovanTa fuZe (sxl)

sxvadasxvagvaradaa gaxmovanebuli (gaxmovanebis es forma
dResac bunebrivia semitur da bevr sxva damwerlobaSi).
yovelive es ki imaze mianiSnebs, rom adamianis mier
cnobierebis am safexurze „saxli“ da „sxeuli“ TavianTi
arsiT msgavsia, Tumca maT mimarT adamianis Sinagani
gancda (xmovnebiT gamosaxuli) gansxvavebulia.
roca adamiani sacxovrebels sakuTari Sinagani impul­
sebidan qmnis, mas ukve aqvs makro da mikro­samyarosadmi
Tavisi individualuri mimarTeba.
makrosamyarosTan mimarTebaSi adamiani ganicdis
Tavis kuTvnilebas am samyarosadmi. igi am samyaros
mcxovrebia da am ganwyobilebidan gamomdinare, sakuTar
sacxovrebelsac am samyaros mibaZviT agebs. saxli misTvis
samyaros xatia. meore mxriv, igi imasac ganicdis, rom misi
sxeulic igive samyaros msgavsadaa „agebuli“. sxeuli misi,
rogorc sulieri arsebis sacxovrebelia. am SemTxvevaSi,
saxlis mSeneblobisas mis agebulebaSi adamians sakuTari
sxeulis kanonzomierebebi gadaaqvs. saxls samyarosa da
sxeuls Soris Sualeduri adgili ukavia. igi samyaros
xatad sxeulis kanonzomierebebiT igeba:

samyaro------ saxli------sxeuli

ukanasknel saukuneebamdec ki warmoudgenlad mi­

aCndaT, rom saxli adamianis sxeuliT ar gazomiliyo.
Zveli kulturebis epoqis adamianis interesi
grZnobadi samyaros mimarT umniSvnelo iyo. misi mzera
zeciuri samyarosken iyo mimarTuli da Tavis WeSmarit
sacxovreblad swored igi miaCnda. mis amqveyniur
moRvaweobas droebiT dakarguli samSoblos nostalgia
mudmivad Tan sdevda. roca es adamiani Tavis sacxovrebels

_ 165 _
realurad agebda, maSinac ki Tavis WeSmarit saxlze _
kosmosze iyo orientirebuli. realuri saxli misTvis
kosmosis simbolo, misi miwieri modeli gaxldaT.
uZvelesi cnobierebis anarekli induri, Sumeruli,
egvipturi da sxva Zveli kulturebidan gvianobamde
SemogvrGa. dReisTvis bevri Zveli kultura acxadebs
seriozul pretenzias imaze, rom swored mis wiaRSi
Gaisaxa mSeneblobis fundamenturi koncefcia _ saxli,
rogorc samyaros modeli!
cnobierebis ganviTarebis garkveul safexurze
ada­
miani ukve samyaros suraT-xatovani aRqmebis sim­
bolur geometriul formebSi gamosaxvas axerxebs. am
geometriul formebs TviTneburi saxe ara aqvT. isini
Rrmad ukavSirdebian kosmosur kanonzomierebebs da
marTlzomierad gamosaxaven im realobebs, ris suraT-
xatebsac isini gamomsaxvelobiTi TvalsazrisiT war­
moadgenen.
adamians uZvelesi droidan hqonda gancda, rom
geometriuli wre suraT-xatis enaze samyaros mTlianobas
gamosaxavda. am konteqstSi kvadrati samyarosTan mimar­
TebaSi myofi adamianis suraT-xatia.
adamiani da misi garemomcveli kosmosi, magaliTad,
indur kulturaSi simbolurad kvadratisa da wris
urTierTobiT gamoisaxeboda.

_ 166 _
 am gamosaxulebaSi kvadrati aRniSnavs adamianis
idealur saxes, xolo wre _ garemomcvel kosmoss.
kvad­­
ratisa da wris, anu adamianisa da samyaros urTi­
erTmimaTebis es gamosaxuleba saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi
meditaciis obieqti iyo, radgan masSi Zveli veduri
sibrZnis diadi monapovrebis ganWvreta xdeboda.
radgan uZveles adamians TviTSemecnebis unari jer
kidev ganuviTarebeli, xolo kosmosis mTlianobis
gan­
cda Zalze intensiuri hqonda, bunebrivia, zemoT
warmodgenil suraT-xatSi wris gancda ufro aqtiuri
iyo. adamiani sakuTar arsebas naklebad acnobierebda da
Tavis SemoqmedebaSi naklebad iyo midrekili oTxkuTxa
formebisken. samyaros wriul formaSi gancda imdroindel
sacxovrebelTa formebSic naTlad irekleba. magaliTad,
oTaxs ZiriTadad wriuli forma hqonda. zogierT
aborigenul tomebSi amgvari formis sacxovreblebi
dRemde SemorCa. indoeTis teritoriaze banis provinciis
daaxloebiT 40 sofelSi dResac tradiciis mixedviT
wriuli formis sacxovrebels aSeneben. es formebi Zalze
Zveli droidan momdinareobs da aTeuli saukuneebis
ganmavlobaSi ar Secvlila. mrgvali saxlebis mSeneblobis
tradicias Soreul warsulSi aqvs fesvebi gamdgari da
imdroindeli adamianis cnobierebis formas gamosaxavs.
adamianis TviTcnobierebis ganviTarebis Sedegad
TandaTan daikarga mTeli samyaros ganuyoflobis
gancda. samagierod, adamiani ufro ganmtkicda sakuTari
individualuri Zalebis gamovlenis TvalsazrisiT. ese
igi, xuroTmoZRvrebis centralur simbolur diagramaSi
wris mniSvneloba gafermkrTalda, xolo kvadratma meti
cxovelmyofeloba SeiZina. es movlena sacxovreblis
formis cvlilebebSic aisaxa. wriuli formebi TandaTan
oTxkuTxedma Secvala. cxadia, am formebs gegmarebiTi
da konstruqciuli TvalsazrisiTac gansxvavebuli ga­
dawyvetebi Seesabameboda. gardamaval formebSi su­leTis

_ 167 _
Zveli gancdis SenarCuneba imiT moxerxda, rom oTxkuTxa
formebSic gaCnda misi aRmniSvneli elementebi. magaliTad,
indoeTSi ratxva da bxilalis tomebis sacxovreblebSi,
miuxedavad imisa, rom gegmarebiTi TvalsazrisiT
Cveulebrivi oTxkuTxa oTaxebia, praqtikulad binis yvela
nawils garkveul sulier arsebasTan mimarTeba miewereba.
oTaxis nebismieri kedeli Tu kuTxe konkretuli sulieri
arsebis samyoflad igulisxmeba. amgvari religiuri
ganwyobileba binis yvela elementze vrceldeba. induri
RmerTebis panTeoni TiTqmis mTel saxlzea ganawilebuli.
Tanamedrove did qalaqebSi amgvari religiuri ganwyo­
bileba, cxadia, Sesustebulia. dasavleTis kulturis
aqtiuri gavleniT binaTmSeneblobaSi racionaluri ele­
mentebi gaCnda. maT tradiciul simbolur gamoxatulebaSi
wris suraT-xati gafermkrTalda, xolo kvadrati kidev
ufro gaaqtiurda.
samxreT kavkasiis teritoriaze aRmoCenili uZvelesi
sacxovrebeli saxlebi Cv. w. aR.-mde V-IV aTaswleulebs
ganekuTvneba. es periodi win uswrebs uZveles mtkvar-
araqsis kulturas. qvemo qarTlSi (Sulaveri, imiris
gora) aRmoCenili uZvelesi sacxovrebeli saxlebi wri­
uli formisaa.1 am saxlebSi ukve igrZnoba samSeneblo
xelovnebis maRali done.
mecnierTa azriT, wriuli saxlebis mSenebloba cen­
tralur da samxreT-aRmosavleT kavkasiaSi erTian sam­
Seneblo-arqiteqturul tradicias warmoadgenda.2
samSeneblo masalad ZiriTadad Tixa gamoiyeneboda.
zog SemTxvevaSi saxlis moculoba erTiani Tixis masisagan
iZerweboda, ufro xSirad ki Senoba imave Tixisgan
damzadebuli alizisgan igeboda.
ra Tqma unda, am uZvelesi sacxovreblebis gegmaSi
wriuli forma moxerxebulad ixsneba wminda praqtikuli
mosazrebebidan. wre racionaluri formaa. buneba Ta­
vad iswrafvis wriuli formebisken. adamiani Tavisi

_ 168 _
dakvirvebiTac Seicnobs, rom frinvelebi da cxovelebi
sacxovreblad ZiriTadad swored amgvar formebs qmnian.
rodesac wriuli gegmidan amosuli kedlebi gumbaTovani
gadaxurviT mTavrdeba, bunebrivia, es formac yvelaze
ufro optimaluria konstruqciuli TvalsazrisiT.
marTalia, Tixis saxlebisTvis yvelaze racionaluri
swored wriul-gumbaTovani formaa, magram kidev erTxel
SevniSnavT, rom imdroindeli adamiani naklebad iyo
midrekili racionaluri azrovnebisken da SeuZlebeli
iyo mas Seeqmna forma, romelic mis sulier ganwyobilebas
ar Seesabameboda.
Cv. w. aR-mde V-IV aTaswleulebSi saqarTvelos te­
ritoriaze ukve Camoyalibebuli saxe hqonda Tixisgan
agebul wriul sacxovrebels, romlis kedlebi da gada­
xurva mTlianobaSi gumbaTovan formas qmnida.

gansaxilveli wriuli sacxovrebeli interieris for­

miT kvercxs mogvagonebs. oTaxs gverdebidan fanjrebi ara
aqvs. zemoT „kvercxis wverSi“ sarkmelia gamoWrili, ro­
melic orgvar funqcias asrulebs: aqedan Semodis dRis
sinaTle da amave dros oTaxSi danTebuli cecxlis kvamli
imave sarkmlidan niavdeba. am sarkmelSi, cxadia, ar mo­
Cans saxlis garemomcveli sivrce. adamians mzera mxolod
vertikalurad zeviT, cisken SeuZlia miapyros. dRisiT
vertikalurad zevidan qvemoT miemarTeba sinaTle. RamiT
mTvarec am sarkmlidan imzireba. aseve vertikalurad,

_ 169 _
qvevidan zeviT miemarTeba saxlSi dan­Tebuli cecxli (cxa­
dia, misi Tanmxlebi kvamlic). horizontaluri mimarTule­
ba TiTqosda xazgasmulad ugulvebelyofilia.
formaSi gamovlenili es Taviseburebebi zustad
Seesabameba imdroindeli adamianis sulier ganwyobilebas.
Tavisi cnobierebiT igi swored zecaze, anu suleTzea
orientirebuli. mas naklebad ainteresebs garemomcveli
fizikuri samyaro.
kvercxi, rogorc forma, uZvelesi misteriebis
erT-erTi centraluri suraT-xatia. simboluri gage­
biTac kvercxi dabadebis saidumlos gamomxatveli
iyo. mdedrobiTi da mamrobiTi sawyisebis SeerTebiT,
anu sxvanairad, materiisa da sulis SeerTebiT, xdeba
axali sicocxlis Casaxva. es axali sicocxle kvercxSi
viTardeba da misganve ibadeba.
dabadebas uZveles religiur warmodgenebSi or­
gvari gageba hqonda. erTi, es aris sulieri samyarodan
miwierSi dabadeba, rac garegnulad miwier garemoSi
Sobis movlenaSi gamoixateba, meore, es aris dabadeba
sulier samyaroSi, rac Tavis mxriv, miwier samyaroSi
gardacvalebas gulisxmobs. ese igi, adamianis gar­
dacvaleba ganicdeboda rogorc sulier samyaroSi
dabadeba, anu suleTSi dabruneba.
im uZveles epoqaSi, rodesac adamiani kvercxis formis
sacxovrebelSi cxovrobda, misi umTavresi religiuri
ganwyobileba swored sulier samyaroSi dabadeba, „WeS­
marit samSobloSi“ dabruneba iyo. maTi sizmriseuli
cnobiereba gacilebiT naTlad SeigrZnobda suleTSi
mimdinare movlenebs, miwieri garemosadmi interesi ki im
epoqaSi sruliad umniSvnelo iyo.
Tanamedrove epoqaSi amgvari cnobierebis naSTebi mxo­
lod Zalze CamorCenil aborigenul tomebSia SemorCenili.
Tanamedrove cnobierebis matarebel adamianebSi amgvari
sulieri gancdebi abstraqtuli azrovnebis ganviTarebis

_ 170 _
Sedegad „Camqralia“. dReisTvis azrovnebis Zalebi Zalze
aqtiuria da sulieri gancdebis Zveli Crdilebi zogjer
qaosur sizmrebSiRa gamokrTeba xolme.
uZveles sulier warmodgenebSi kvercxs ukavSirdeboda
kidev erTi gansakuTrebuli ganwyobileba:
roca raime arsi kvercxis SigniT warmoidgineba,
igulisxmeba, rom igi eswrafvis gare miwier samyarosgan
izolacias. naWuWi kvercxis Sida sivrces „yrud“ gamoyofs
gare sivrcisagan da mxolod naWuWis damsxvrevis SemdegRa
xdeba ganaxleba, anu dabadeba.
amgvarad, gare samyarosgan izolaciis ganwyobileba
niSandoblivi maxasiaTebelia kvercxis formis sacxov­
rebeli saxlebisTvis. es ganwyobileba zustad Seesabameba
im epoqis cnobierebisa da cxovrebis formas. gare
samyarosadmi zurgSeqceva, mxolod sulier samyaroze
orientacia, naTlad gamoixateba sacxovreblis interieris
kvercxis formebSi. am ganwyobilebas kidev ufro am­
Zafrebs is faqtic, rom am sacxovrebels eqsterieri
saerTodac ara aqvs gamokveTili _ saxlis didi nawili
miwaSia. garegani saxe TiTqosda ugulvebelyofilia.
gansaxilveli sacxovreblis interieris kvercxis
formaSi naTladaa gamokveTili masSi mcxovrebTa sulieri
ganwyobileba _ adamianebis swrafva miwieridan sulier
samyaroSi dabadebisaken. es iyo „WeSmarit samSoblosTan“,
suleTTan urTierTobis garkveuli forma. aq, cxadia,
igulisxmeba ara mxolod suleTis arsebebi, aramed
adamianTa winaprebis is sulebic, romlebTan urTierTobis
gancda im epoqaSi aseve intensiurad arsebobda.
yvela adamianma icoda, rom WeSmarit samSobloSi,
anu suleTSi namdvili dabruneba mxolod gardacvalebis
Semdeg xdeba, manamde ki rogorc Zili, aseve suleTis
naTelxedviT Wvreta mxolod mkrTali mcdelobaa
suleTTan amqveyniuri dabadebis Sedegad dabinduli
kavSirisa.

_ 171 _
 sacxovrebeli, romelic amave dros mTeli samyaros
xaticaa (rogorc xilulis, aseve uxilavis), swored
imgvari formisaa, rom igi mudmivad exmianeba adamianTa
miswrafebas. kvercxis formis oTaxs sarkmeli zeviT
aqvs datanebuli. es sarkmeli gare sinaTlis erTaderTi
wyaroa dRisiTac da RamiTac. gare samyaros naTeli am
sarkmliT aRwevs oTaxSi. dRisiT mzis sxivebi eSvebian
zevidan, RamiT ki mTvare anaTebs da caze varskvlavebic
moCans. sarkmlidan gaxedva mxolod mzeris zemoT, cisken
mipyrobiTaa SesaZlebeli. mzera mkveTrad vertikalurad,
zeciskenaa orientirebuli. kvercxidan dabadebac
xom swored naWuWis mciredi garRveviT, mciredi
„sarkmlis“ gaxsniT iwyeba. am sacxovreblis mkvidris
sulieri ganwyobilebac swored amgvaria. igi eswrafvis
sulier samyaroSi dabadebas. es movlena miwier yofaSi
warmosaxviTi (mistikuri) sikvdiliT gamoisaxeba.
mistikuri sikvdili, anu leTargiuli Zili Zveli
misteriebis xeldasxmis ritualebis aucilebeli nawili
iyo. am ritualebSi sxvadasxva momzadebisa da gamocdebis
Semdeg dgeboda gansakuTrebuli momenti, roca mowafe
xelovnurad gadahyavdaT imgvar mdgomareobaSi, romelic
mciredRa gansxvavdeboda namdvili sikvdilisagan. mowafe
samdRe-naxevari imyofeboda amgvar mdgomareobaSi.
am dros igi ganicdida yvelafer imas, rasac adamiani
sikvdilis pirvel dReebSi ganicdis. ese igi, igi
sikvdilis gziT sulier samyaroSi aRwevda da iq
mimdinare movlenebis naxviT mniSvnelovan gamocdilebas
iZenda. sami dRis Semdeg qurumebi, romlebic mas am
drois manZilzec yuradRebiT akvirdebodnen, kvlav
amqveyniur yofaSi abrunebdnen. ese igi, am leTargiuli
Zilis, anu Tanamedrove terminiT erTgvari klinikuri
sikvdilis Semdeg mowafe mniSvnelovani codniTa da
gamocdilebiT brundeboda. qristianobis damkvidrebis
Semdeg amgvarma ritualebma Tavisi daniSnuleba amowura.

_ 172 _
qristianuli xeldasxma amgvar aracnobier movlenebs
mkveTrad upirispirdeba. im uZveles epoqaSi, roca Tavad
adamianic mkveTrad gansxvavebuli iyo, mas marTlzomieri
daniSnuleba hqonda. xeldasxmis amgvari ritualebis
da, saerTod, micvalebulTa samyarosTan urTierTobis
mdidari gamocdileba gaaCnda egviptur samyaros. pi­
ramidebisa da sxva egvipturi sakulto nagebobebis
formasa da simbolur daniSnulebaze Catarebulma
gamokvlevebma aCvena, rom am sakulto nagebobebis
formebi da kompozicia saocari sizustiT iyo CarTuli
xeldasxmis zemoT aRniSnuli ritualebis procesSi.
piramidaSi ganisvenebs faraonis cxedari. Si­da ked­
lebze mravladaa sxvadasxva reliefuri gamos­a­xu­lebebi.
rogorc dadginda, aq gamoxatuli reliefebi mTlianad
micvalebulTa samyaroSi mimdinare movlenebis Sesaxeb
iuwyebian. aq ar ixateba amqveyniuri scenebi _ yvela
naxati miRmur samyaros Seexeba.
zemoT aRwerili xeldasxma mxolod calkeuli pi­
rovnebebis xvedri iyo. am proceduris masobriv ri­
tualebSi gamoyeneba, cxadia, ar iyo mizanSewonili.
religiur ritualebSi monawile mrevlisTvis qurumebis
saidumlo codna dafaruli iyo, radgan isini ar iyvnen
mzad mis misaRebad. religiuri procesebi iTvaliswinebda
imgvar ritualebs, sadac mravalricxovan mrevls es
saidumloebebi, marTalia, Riad ar miewodeboda, magram
simboluri saxiT yoveli maTgani mainc xdeboda monawile
imgvari sulieri movlenisa, rasac calkeuli winwasuli
mowafe individualurad gadioda. rogorc gamoirkva,
taZris forma da kompozicia swored am simboluri
gancdebis gamowvevas emsaxureboda. magaliTad, ritualis
garkveul epizodSi procesia (xSirad mdinareze
gadasvlis Semdeg) grZel, bnel derefanSi miemarTeboda.
ikiTxeboda specialuri teqstebi, romlebic msmenelSi
micvalebulTa samyarosTan urTierTobis gancdas

_ 173 _
iwvevda. sanTliT ganaTebul kedlebze moCanda naxatebi,
sadac micvalebulTa samyaros scenebi iyo gamosaxuli.
ukve religiur eqstazSi Sesul mlocvels iseTi gancda
eufleboda, TiTqos qvesknelSi moZraobda, xolo sadRac
Sors raRac oqrosfrad mokiafe kaSkaSa sinaTle moGanda
da procesiac am sinaTlisken miemarTeboda. sikvdilis
gancdiT Sepyrobili mlocveli uecrad gamodioda
ganaTebul areSi da mis winaSe damabrmavebeli sikaSkaSiT
warsdgeboda TeTri feriT SeRebili piramida, romlis
wveroc oqroTi iyo dafaruli da mzeze TvalismomWrelad
elvarebda. bnel gvirabSi moZraobisas swored piramidis
wverodan areklili sinaTle moCanda Soreul manaTobel
wertilad. ritualis dro ise iyo SerCeuli, rom mzis
sxivebi maqsimalurad irekleboda piramidis waxnagebze
da aZlierebda locviT ganwyobilebas.
rogorc aRmoCnda, qurumebs ritualis mTeli Sinaarsi
da garegnuli mxare ise CaufiqrebiaT, rom mlocvels
swored imis msgavsi gancdebi hqonda, rasac adamiani
gardacvalebis pirvel xanebSi ganicdis. Tanamedrove
fsiqologebis gamokvlevebic adastureben im faqts, rom
gardacvalebisas adamians swored iseTi grZnoba aqvs,
TiTqos raRac bnel gvirabSi miqris, Sors ki manaTobeli
wertili moCans. Semdeg TiTqos am naTel sivrceSi
aRmoCndeba da a. S. klinikuri sikvdilis gamocdilebis
mqone adamianebi mravalgzis adastureben am gancdebs.
rogorc vxedavT, egvipturi religiuri ritualebi
gardacvalebis saidumlos gamosaxaven da sakulto na­ge­
bobebis formebic am ritualis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani
nawilia. am simbolikaSi piramida gamosaxavs sulier
samyaros, sadac gardacvalebis Semdeg suli gadadis da
sadac igi RmerTis samsjavroze warsdgeba. egvipturi
reliefebi swored am scenebs gadmoscemen. swored
suleTis am sferoSi xdeba micvalebulis sulis ganwmenda.
es procesi garkveul dros moiTxovs da suleTis sxva

_ 174 _
sferoebSi amaRlebisaTvis mas didi mniSvneloba aqvs.
ese igi, piramida micvalebulis gansawmendelia. swored
amitomac ganisveneben iq faraonebi. iq dasvenebuli
faraonis mumiac da piramidis formac materializebul
formaSi gamoxatavs im movlenebs, rac adamianis
gardacvalebis Semdeg xdeba.
rogorc vxedavT, egvipturi religiuri rituali isea
mowyobili, rom mlocvelSi aracnobierad gamoiwvios
is sulieri gancdebi, rac xels uwyobs mis sulier
ganviTarebas. marTalia, Cveulebrivi mlocveli Tavad
ver acnobierebs ritualis sxvadasxva detalebis mis­
tikur daniSnulebebs, magram am rituals mainc mZlavri
zemoqmedebis Zala aqvs. rogorc aRvniSneT, momzadebuli
mowafisTvis igive zemoqmedeba gansxvavebuli formiT
xdeba.
evoluciis kidev ufro Zvel safexurze analogiur
suraT-xats vxvdebiT zemoT ganxilul uZveles mrgval
sacxovreblebSic. iq swored aRniSnuli uZvelesi mis­
tikuri warmodgenebis formaSi realizaciaa mo­ cemuli.
am SemTxvevaSic saqme gvaqvs formis aracnobier ze­
moqmedebasTan, romelic Zalze zustad gamosaxavs am
sacxovrebelSi mcxovrebi adamianis sulier ganwyo­
bilebas.
rogorc vxedavT, mrgvali sacxovreblis sivrce,
imdroindeli samyaros xatis msgavsad, erTiani, dau­
nawevrebelia. formaSi ar aris gamokveTili arc erTi
calkeuli elementi: arc saxuravi, arc sveti, an raime sxva
sayrdeni. formis es danawevreba cnobierebis ganviTarebis
Semdgom safexurze xdeba. masSi mogvianebiTRa Cndeba
svetebi, saxuravi, horizontaluri Weri.
am mTlian formaze dakvirveba gviCvenebs, Tu ra
sulieri warmodgenebidan ikveTebian es elementebi.
mrgvali saxli vertikalur WrilSi gumbaTovani
formisaa. aq kedlebi da saxuravi ar aris gancalkevebuli.

_ 175 _
forma qvevidan zeviT viwrovdeba da bolos zeda
nawilSi sarkmliT mTavrdeba. sacxovreblis erT-erTi
centraluri elementi keraa, sadac cecxli anTia. gare
sinaTlis sapirispirod, romelic zemodan qvemoTaa
mimarTuli, cecxli qvevidan zeviT miiswrafvis. es suraT-
xati sulieri TvalsazrisiTac Zalze zusti da naTelia,
magram am idealur suraT-xats Tan axlavs is movlenebic,
rac yoveldRiuri cxovrebis Tanmxlebia _ cecxlisTvis
siTbosa da sinaTlis garda, kvamlicaa damaxasiaTebeli.
sacxovreblidan kvamlis mocilebac aucilebelia.
saTavsSi haeris gawmendis, ganiavebis funqciasac zeda
sarkmeli asrulebs. kvamlic vertikalurad qvevidan zeviT
moZraobs, igi TandaTan zeviT sivrcis daviwroebasTan
erTad sarkmelTan ikribeba da gaiwoveba.

kvamlis es Sekreba saTavsSi vertikalurad mdgari

adamianis Tavs zemoT xdeba. ese igi, oTaxis am erTian,
daunawevrebel sivrceSi funqcionalurad mainc Se­
iZ­
leba gamovyoT sivrce, romelsac gansxvavebuli
daniSnuleba aqvs. swored es zeda Seviwroebuli sivrce
gamoyofs oTaxSi myof adamians zeda gare sivrcisagan.
ese igi, sacxovreblis es are warmoadgens saxuravis
winare formas. formis evoluciis Semdgom etapze ukve
saxuravis sxvadasxva saxeebi yalibdeba da masTan erTad

_ 176 _
Sida sivrceSi Weris Temac viTardeba.
dReisTvis saxuravs, rogorc saxlis erT-erT elements,
Zalze konkretuli mniSvneloba aqvs. igi garkveul sivrces
xuravs da mas wvimisa da mzis mcxunvarebisagan icavs. ra
Tqma unda, saxuravi am funqcias Zveladac asrulebda,
magram misi mniSvnelobis gancda gansxvavebuli iyo _ mas
sulieri Sinaarsic hqonda. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT
saintereso mosazrebebi gamoTqva vladimer xvitiam. man
droTa cvlilebasTan erTad saxuravis mniSvnelobis
cvlilebaze gaamaxvila yuradReba.
saxuravis mniSvneloba kargad Cans uZveles sulier
teqstebSi. magaliTad, Zvel aRTqmaSi, kerZod, gamosvlaTa
wignSi, saxuravTan dakavSirebiT amgvari frangmenti
gvxvdeba.
„Casdeb kidobanSi aRTqmas, romelsac mogcem.
gaukeTeb saxuravs xalasi oqrosgan, sigrZe ornaxevari
wyrTa iqneba, erTnaxevari wyrTa _ sigane.
oqrosgan gamoWedav or qerubims da saxuravis orsave
kideze daamagreb“ (gamosvlaTa 25, 16-18).
rogorc vxedavT am Tanamedrove qarTul TargmanSi
saubaria saxuravis im mniSvnelobaze romelic mas
dReisTvis aqvs.
igive bibliuri fragmentis ZvelqarTuli Targmani
mkveTrad gansxvavebul Sinaarss gulisxmobs:
„da dahsxne sawamebelni, romel migcne Sen, kidobansa
mas Sina. da hqmne salxinebeli igi mas zeda STasadebelad
oqro¡sgan wmidisa, or wyrTa da kerZo sigrZiT da wyrTa
da kerZo sivrciT. da hqmne orni qerobinni oqro¡sgan
qandakebulad da dasdgnen igini orTave maT kideTa
salxineblisaTa“ (gamosvlaTa 25, 16-18).
rogorc vxedavT, Zvel TargmanSi saxuravis nacvlad
weria salxinebeli. am termins ki sruliad gansxvavebuli
Sinaarsi aqvs.
rogorc irkveva, sxva enebSic analogiuri suraTi

_ 177 _
gvaqvs bibliis Zvel da axal TargmanebSi. magaliTad,
axal rusul TargmanSi naxmaria sityva Крыша, maSin, roca
Zvel TargmanSi vxvdebiT sityvas _ Очистилище. axal
inglisurSi naxmaria sityva lid, rac saxuravs niSnavs, Zvel
inglisel mTargmnels igive termini uTargmnia rogorc
mevcy sent, rac swored salxinebels, anu gansawmendels
gulisxmobs.
analogiuri suraTia germanulSic: axalSi _ Deckel
(saxuravi), xolo Zvel germanulad _ gnadenthvon (gan­
sawmendeli). bibliis Zvel berZnul TargmanSi swored
salxineblis, anu gansawmendelis Sesabamisi terminia
naxmari (ιλαστγριον).
Tavad dedanSi mocemuli ebrauli sityva orive mniSv­
nelobis (gadaxurva, ganwmenda) warmodgenis saSualebas
iZleva.
isev piramidas Tu davubrundebiT, davinaxavT, rom
Tavisi geometriuli formiTac piramida swored Tana­
medrove gagebiT saxuravis formisaa. piramida iseTi
saxlia, romelic mxolod saxuravisgan Sedgeba. rogorc
zemoT vnaxeT, im dros saxuravis cnebis Tanamedrove
gageba saerTod ar arsebobda da am cnebaSi swored
gansawmendeli igulisxmeboda _ are sadac gardacvlili
adamianis suli TandaTan ganiwmindeba am qveynidan
gayolili „tvirTisagan“ _ grZnobadi ltolvebisgan.
es is SemTxvevaa, roca forma srul SesabamisobaSia
SinaarsTan.
rogorc vxedavT, uZvelesi mrgvali saxlis Sida sivrce
ukve moicavs Tanamedrove saxuravis praformas, Canasaxs.
mrgval saxlSi mcxovrebi adamianis Sinagani gancda, misi
sulieri mdgomareoba formaSi absoluturad zustadaa
gamoxatuli. aq saxuravs ZiriTadad sulieri mniSvneloba
eniWeba da jer kidev Sida sivrcis ganuyofeli nawilia.
adamianis racionaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebasTan
erTad droTa ganmavlobaSi am ideis materializacia xdeba

_ 178 _
da ganuyofeli Sida sivrcidan saxuravi damoukidebel
elementad gamoiyofa. vidre am procesis Semdgom etapebs
SevexebodeT, ganvixiloT sacxovreblis kidev erTi
elementis _ svetis evoluciis procesic.
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, mrgvali sacxovreblis
centralur vertikals warmosaxviTi sveti qmnis. igi
sinaTlis svetia. zeda sarkmlidan SemoWrili sinaTlis
kona da qvemodan, mis sapirispirod moZravi cecxlovani
sveti mistikur sinaTlis svets gamosaxaven. marTalia,
es sveti fizikurad mzid funqcias ar asrulebs, magram
mas Zalze mniSvnelovani sulieri datvirTva aqvs.
sacxovrebel sivrces am areSi mzidi sveti ar esaWiroeba,
amitom es sinaTlis sveti TiTqosda „ganTavisuflebulia“
mzidi funqciisgan da mTlianad mistikuri mniSvnelobiT
vlindeba. es sinaTlis svetic ukve Tavis TavSi moicavs
sivrcis diferencirebis Semdeg Camoyalibebuli mzidi
svetis winare formas. dRevandelisgan gansxvavebiT,
uZveles epoqaSi svets gacilebiT farTo mistikur-
simboluri mniSvneloba eniWeboda.
Cv. w. aR.-mde I saukunis didi xuroTmoZRvari vit­
ruviusi gadmogvcems Zalze saintereso legendas
imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor Seiqmna korinTuli ordeni. am
legendis mixedviT, korinTeli skulptori kalimaxosi
svetis formaze muSaobisas did siZneleebs waawyda. am
problemaze fiqrisas igi SemTxveviT sasaflaoze moxvda.
skulptorma Zalze saintereso suraTi dainaxa: axlaxan
gardacvlili gogonas saflavze yvavilebiani kalaTi iyo
datovebuli. mas gars mcenaris (daTvisterfas) foTlebi
exvia.
kalimaxoss es suraTi ise moewona, rom es motivi
Tavisi svetebis kapitelebis Sesaqmnelad gamoiyena.
ase Seiqmna korinTuli ordeni, romelic Semdeg mTel
civilizebul samyaroSi gavrcelda.
es legenda, marTalia, saintereso istorias gad­

_ 179 _
mogvcems, magram misi simboluri Sinaarsi gacilebiT
mniSvnelovania.
kalimaxosis mier axlad gardacvlili gogonas
saflavis Wvreta gulisxmobs, rom igi swored im sulier
procesebs Wvrets, rac adamianis gardacvalebis Semdeg
xdeba. Tanamedrove materialistur xuroTmoZRvrebaSi
Tu sveti iatakisa da Weris SemaerTebelia, kalimaxosis
epoqaSi igi miwisa da cis SemaerTebel sulier simbolod
warmoisaxeboda. miwisa da cis, anu materialuri da sulieri
samyaros urTierToba yvelaze ufro mZafrad swored
axlad gardacvlili adamianis suraT-xatSia gamovlenili.
mas Semdeg, rac suli TandaTan tovebs adamianis sxeuls,
igi cisken, anu suleTisken miiswrafvis, xolo fizikuri
sxeuli daSlis process iwyebs da dedamiwis elementebs
ubrundeba. sulis sxeulisgan ganTavisuflebis mziuri
motivi da fizikur sxeulTan dakavSirebuli miwieri
motivebis dapirispireba naTelmxilvelisTvis swored
imgvar garemoSi SeiZleba gamoisaxos, rogoricaa axali
saflavi. saflavze danaxuli miwasa da cas Soris
gamovlenili vertikaluri swrafva kalimaxosis mier
sulierad iqna aRqmuli. igive mziuri da miwieri motivebi
aseve mkveTradaa gamovlenili mcenareul samyaroSic _
mcenareTa zrdisa da yvavilTwarmoqmnis procesSi. sveti,
rogorc Senobis elementi, swored amgvari sulieri
Sinaarsis matarebelia. amgvari sulieri gancdebidan
iqmneba korinTuli ordeni. igi imdroindeli sulieri
sibrZnis naTeli da Zalze lakoniuri simboluri gamo­
xatulebaa.3
korinTuli kapitelis Seqmnis epoqaSi berZnuli
samyaro ukve racionaluri azrovnebisken iyo midrekili.
warmodgenili legenda kacobriobis ganviTarebis im gar­
damaval periods afiqsirebs, rodesac formebis sulieri
xedva jer kidev aqtualuri iyo. skulptori kalimaxosi
sulieri svetis materialur formaSi gamosaxvas cdilobs

_ 180 _
_ sulier xats igi nivTier masalaSi gamosaxavs. ufro
Zvel epoqaSi, rodesac Cveni winaprebi mrgval saxlebSi
cxovrobdnen, amgvari sulieri xedva kidev ufro
faqizi formiT iyo warmodgenili. im dros cecxlovani
svetis gancda myar masalaSi (qvaSi, xeSi) jer kidev ar
iyo gadatanili. mrgvali saxlis centrSi aRmarTuli
sinaTlis sveti sulieri Wvretis obieqti iyo da ara
gadaxurvis mzidi konstruqciuli elementi.

arqeologiuri monacemebis mixedviT, samxreT kav­

kasiaSi mrgvali sacxovreblebi oTxkuTxa formebiT
daaxloebiT qristesSobamde IV aTaswleulis II naxevridan
icvleba, ese igi, mtkvar-araqsis kulturis periodSi.
es cvlileba Tavad adamianTa cnobierebaSi momxdar
mniSvnelovan gardaqmnebze mianiSnebs. xis ZelebiT ga­
daxuruli miwurebis aRnagobaSi ukve racionaluri
azrovnebis mniSvnelovani safexuri fiqsirdeba. oTaxis
SuaSi mdgari sayrdeni dedaboZi mtkvar-araqsis kulturis
sacxovreblis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani elementia.
mtkvar-araqsis kulturis periodSi Camoyalibebuli
sacxovreblis formisgan, mogvianebiT, saqarTvelos te­
ritoriaze sacxovreblis iseTi unikaluri forma Ca­
moyalibda, rogoricaa darbazi.

_ 181 _
 rogorc wesi, arqiteqturuli forma yovelTvis
cnobierebis formas afiqsirebs. im regionSi, romelsac
qarTuli kultura miekuTvneboda (mtkvar-araqsis kul­
tura), mkveTri cvlilebebi moxda qristesSobamde IV-III
aTaswleulebSi. am dros samyarosadmi Zveli mimarTeba
mkveTrad icvleba. Tu adre adamiani Tavs samyaros
ganuyofel nawilad ganicdida da sakuTari sacxovreblis
formaSic am samyaros mTlianobis ideas gamosaxavda,
amjerad misi mimarTeba miwieri yofisadmi ufro
konkretuli, racionaluri xdeba. misTvis ufro metad
ikveTeba sazRvari amqveyniur da imqveyniur sferoebs
Soris. sakuTar Tavsac gare samyarosagan ufro metad
gamoyofilad ganicdis, vidre manamde. marTalia, sulieri
samyaros xilva fermkrTaldeba, magram samagierod,
fizikuri samyarosadmi interesi izrdeba da misi
Semecnebis procesSi azrovnebiTi Zalebic Zlierdeba.
cnobierebis amgvar cvlilebas sacxovreblis formis
mkveTri Secvla mosdevs. sacxovreblis Sida sivrce
TandaTan nawevrdeba da misi calkeuli elementebi
ufro konkretul mniSvnelobebs iZenen. es procesi,
sacxovreblis evoluciis TvalsazrisiT, saetapo saxes
darbazis formaSi aRwevs. darbazi afiqsirebs axal
etaps rogorc cnobierebis, aseve misi Sesabamisi formis
evoluciis procesSi.
mrgvali saxlisgan gansxvavebiT, sadac Sida sivrce
erT monoliTur mTlianobas warmoadgenda, darbazSi
igi garkveulad ukve danawevrebulia. es danawevreba
ki qmnis erT harmoniul mTlianobas, magram masSi ukve
gamokveTilia calkeuli sivrciTi elementebi.

_ 182 _
 Sua oTaxSi Cndeba vertikaluri sayrdeni _ dedaboZi.
am svets horizontaluri nawilic aqvs, romelic oTaxis
ZiriTad sivrces gvirgvinisgan gamoyofs. ganaTebis
sarkmeli kvlav zemoTaa. es sinaTle Tavisebur Suq-
CrdilSi gamosaxavs, erTi mxriv, gvirgvins, xolo, meore
mxriv, dedaboZs. formis aRqmiT miRebuli sulieri
gancdebi dedaboZisa da gvirgvinis ornamentikaSic
isaxeba. es ornamentebi ukve am sulieri gancdebis
interpretaciebia. maTSi SeiZleba amovikiTxoT Tu ras
ganicdis ojaxis uxucesi, SuacecxlTan jorkoze rom
Camomjdara da sarkmlidan svetze dacemul mzis sxivebs
Sehyurebs. swored mikro da makrosamyaroTa Sexvedris
am sibrtyezea amokveTili ornamentebi, romlebic mziur
an mTvareul motivebs gamosaxaven. RamiT isini ukve
saxlis Sida cecxliT naTdebian. es sinaTle mzis sxivebis
sawinaaRmdegod qvevidan zeviT miiswrafvis. zemodan
qvemoT mimarTuli zeciuri cecxli da mis sapirispirod
mimarTuli qveyniuri cecxli dedaboZis vertikalze
mudmivad erTmaneTs enacvlebian. ornamentebi xSirad
swored am moZraobebsa da motivebs gamosaxaven. es
moZraobebi xSirad qvevidan zeviT da zevidan qveviT
mimarTuli samkuTxedebiT gamoisaxebian. es motivebi
_ 183 _
dedaboZis vertikalze moZraoben da maTi Sexvedra am
ori samkuTxedis erTobiT aRiniSneba:

ramdenadac zeda samkuTxedi zeciuri sinaTlis ga­

momsaxvelia, masTan mimarTebaSi xSirad kosmosis aR­
mniSvneli simboloebi gamoiyeneba: wre, zodiaqos Tormeti
niSnis aRmniSvneli Tormetad dayofili wriuli sivrce.
zeda samkuTxedSi es idea sxvadasxva saxiTaa stilizebuli.
qveda samkuTxedi ufro adamianuri, amqveyniuri cecxlis
aRmniSvnelia. amitomac masTan mimarTebaSi ufro
adamianuri simbolika gamoisaxeba: xSirad Tavad adamiani,
anda Svid nawilad danawevrebuli wriuli gamosaxulebaa
Caxatuli (rac adamianis Svidsafexurovani evoluciis
procesze mianiSnebs).
sacxovreblis Sida sivrcis Semdgomi diferencireba
naTlad ikveTeba egreT wodebuli mesxuri darbazis
Camoyalibebis procesSi. qarTl-kaxuri darbazis Sem­
TxvevaSi sivrce naklebadaa danawevrebuli. marTalia, aq
ukve arsebobs calkeuli elementebi (sveti, gvirgvini),
magram gegmarebiTi TvalsazrisiT sivrce jer kidev
erT mTlianobas warmoadgens. mesxur darbazSi Tavad es
erTianobis gagebac icvleba. darbazi mravaloTaxianad
gardaiqmneba. saZile sivrce ZiriTad sivrces mkveTrad
emijneba; samzareulos saxiT axali oTaxi gamoiyofa.

_ 184 _
am oTaxebsac Tav-TavianTi gvirgvinebi uCndeba da ukve
damoukidebel sivrceebad yalibdeba.
Suacecxlis adgilic aRar aris Zveleburad gan­
sazRvruli. xSirad igi Sua oTaxidan ganapira kedlisken
gadainacvlebs da kedelSi vertikaluri sakvamuri Cndeba.
kvamli ukve aRar moZraobs oTaxis Sida sivrceSi. am
SemTxvevaSi zeda sarkmlis funqcia SedarebiT mcirdeba.
igi ZiriTadad ganaTebis da oTaxis saerTo ganiavebis
funqcias asrulebs.
sacxovreblis Sida sivrcis amgvari cvlileba srul
SesabamisobaSia imdroindeli adamianis cnobierebis evo­
luciasTan. azrovnebiTi Zalebi am droisTvis gacilebiT
Zlieria. garemomcvel fizikur samyarosac adamiani
ufro danawevrebulad Seimecnebs _ ukve calkeul as­
peqtebSi ganicdis mas. mis warmodgenaSi samyaro aRar
aris erTiani, ganuyofeli _ fizikuri da sulieri samyro
ukve mkveTrad emijneba erTmaneTs.
sakacobrio evoluciis Semdgom periodSi azrovnebiTi
Zalebis gaZlierebasa da gamokveTasTan erTad, sacxov­
reblis sivrcec Sesabamis cvlilebebs ganicdis. sulieri
samyaros uSualo xedva praqtikulad wydeba. adamiani
suleTis arsebebs uSualod veRar aRiqvams. suleTTan
kavSirisTvis umTavres funqcias ukve religia asrulebs.
adamianis „vertikaluri mzera“ zeciuri samyarosken
mkveTrad ibindeba. samagierod, igive adamiani kidev ufro
amaxvilebs yuradRebas horizontaluri mimarTulebiT
garemomcvel fizikur samyaroze. misi interesi ZiriTadad
am mimarTulebiTaa orientirebuli.
cnobierebis es cvlileba zustad gamoisaxeba sac­
xovreblis formaSic. oTaxis vertikaluri ganaTeba
horizontaluri ganaTebiT icvleba _ zeda sarkmeli
qreba da kedlebSi gaWrili sarkmlebi Cndeba. adamiani
Zveleburad cas ki ar Sehyurebs, aramed kedlis sarkmlidan
horizontaluri mimarTulebiT fizikur garemos umzers.

_ 185 _
zeda sarkmlidan Semomavali mzis sxivebiT gvirgvinsa da
deda-boZze aRbeWdili sulieri simboloebic bunebrivad
qreba da gvirgvinisa da dedaboZis Tema degradacias
ganicdis. oTaxis gadaxurvisTvis sruliad axali amocanebi
isaxeba. am cvlilebis Sedegad saxuravi sacxovreblis
sruliad gancalkevebul elementad ikveTeba _ mis
ZiriTad funqciad wvimis wylis organizebuli gadayvana
rCeba. saxuravis sulieri gageba mTlianad gamqralia.
sacxovreblis oTaxebis funqcionaluri danawevreba kidev
ufro mkveTrad racionaluri xdeba da, faqtobrivad,
saxlis is tipi yalibdeba, romelic ukanaskneli sau­
kuneebis ZiriTadad miRebul sqemas afiqsirebs.
materializmis Semdgomi ganviTarebisa da sulier
samyarosTan sruli mowyvetis Sedegad Tanamedrove
sac­
xovreblebi ukve Semdgom cvlilebebsac ganicdis
da swored amis Sedegad yalibdeba mravalsarTuliani
sacxovreblebis is usaxuravo (brtyelsaxuraviani) for­
mebi, romelTa problemebzec ukve bevrs saubroben
Tanamedrove epoqaSi.
kacobriobis mimarTeba formasTan dReisTvis, cxadia,
evoluciis sruliad sxva safexurze imyofeba. adamianis
biografiasTan Tu gavatarebT paralels, mrgvali saxlis
periodi adamianis Cvilobis asaks SeiZleba SevadaroT. am
dros bavSvs individualobidan momdinare impulsebi ar
gaaCnia. igi mTlianad aracnobieri sferodan moqmedebs,
an sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, igi mTlianad sulier
samyarosaa mindobili. igi jer kidev cota rames Tu
amCnevs grZnobad samyaroSi _ misi mzera jer kidev zemoT,
sulieri samyaroskenaa mimarTuli, saidanac axlaxans
daeSva. Cvili bavSvis fizikuri mzerisTvis bevri ram jer
bundovnia. es movlena garegnuladac imiT gamoisaxeba,
rom mas yiflibandi gaxsnili aqvs.
sxeulis gamkvrivebasTan da gare samyaros aRqmis
gaaqtiurebasTan erTad yiflibandi TandaTan viwrovdeba

_ 186 _
da bolos igi mTlianad ixureba. bavSvs yuradReba ukve
horizontaluri mimarTulebiT gadaaqvs. analogiur
movlenas hqonda adgili sacxovrebeli saxlis formis
evoluciasTan dakavSirebiTac. mas Semdeg, rac zeda sar­
kmeli ixureba, yuradReba vertikalidan horizontalze
gadadis da aqtiurad viTardeba horizontaluri ganaTeba
_ gverdiTi fanjrebis sistema.
mistikuri sikvdiliT ganxorcielebuli suleTTan
kavSiric da, saerTod, suleTic Tanamedrove adamianisTvis
ararealuri fantastikis sferoa. samagierod, misTvis
absolutur realobas yoveldRiuri garegani movlenebi
warmoadgenen. Tanamedrove sacxovreblis formac swored
am ganwyobilebas gamoxatavs. igi Tanamedrove adamianis
cnobierebis formis obieqturi saxea.

SeniSvnebi:

1. Лонгиноз Сумбадзе, Архитектура грузинского народного

жилища Дарбази, Тбилиси, 1984, gv. 180
2. ixileT SeniSvna 1, gv. 181
3. Rudolf Steiner, Wege zu einem neuen Baustil “Und der Bau wird
Mensch”, erster Fortrag, Dornach, 7. Juni 1914, Der gemeinsame
ursprung der dornacher Bauformen und des grieschischen
Akanthusornamentes.

_ 187 _
 sa xl i da s u bs t a ncieb i

samSeneblo masalebi

adamianis evoluciis xangrZlivi istoriis manZilze

mudmivad icvleboda adamianis sacxovrebeli ara mxolod
formis, aramed samSeneblo masalis TvalsazrisiTac.
adamiani rac ufro metad gamoeyo bunebas, miT ufro
aqtiuri gaxda igi Tavisi sacxovreblis gardaqmnis
sferoSi. samuSao iaraRebis ganviTarebam mas saSualeba
misca ufro intensiurad gadaemuSavebina dedamiwaze
arsebuli materia da misgan Tavisi moTxovnilebebis
Sesabamisi formebi Seeqmna.
bunebrivia, adamiani samSeneblo masalas arCevda
imis mixedviT, ra garemoSic cxovrobda. magaliTad,
SuamdinareTSi xis masala masiurad ar moipoveboda.
amitom am regionSi ZiriTadad qvis saxlis formebi
ganviTarda. Tixisgan samSeneblo masalebis damzadebam
aq ganviTarebis maRal safexurs miaRwia. saukuneebis
manZilze ixveweboda aguris warmoebis teqnologia.
dedamiwis im regionebSi, romlebic tyeebiT iyo
dafaruli, bunebrivia, xis arqiteqtura ganviTarda _
samSeneblo masalad xe iqna gamoyenebuli da aq mcxovrebi
xalxic ZiriTadad swored xis masalis damuSavebaSi
daxelovnda.
zogierTi regionis Taviseburebidan gamomdinare,
SesaZlebeli gaxda Sereuli tipis samSeneblo masalebis
gamoyenebac. magaliTad, xSirad saxlis kedlebi qvisgan
igeboda, xolo gadaxurvebi xis masalisgan ewyoboda.
evoluciis Semdgom safexurebze ukve SesaZlebeli

_ 188 _
gaxda masalebis did manZilze transportirebac. sa­
kulto nagebobebis agebisas ukve masalebis sulieri
koncefciis mixedviT SerCevazec gakeTda aqcenti.
magaliTad, egviptis piramidebis agebis adgilebSi qvis
gadazidva Soreuli teritoriebidan moxda. piramidis,
rogorc sakulto nagebobis Seqmna am masalas moiTxovda.
roca ierusalimSi solomonis taZari aSenda, am
regionSi samSeneblo masalad xe naklebad gamoiyeneboda,
magram saRvTo gamocxadebis mixedviT, ebraelTa um­
Tavresi salocavi aucileblad xisgan unda Seqmniliyo.
ierusalimSi Zvirad Rirebuli xis masalis Semotana
mezobeli qveynebidan mouxdaT. xis ostatebic finikiidan
Caiyvanes.
rogorc kacobriobis istoria gviCvenebs, miuxe­
davad imisa, rom SenobisTvis samSeneblo masalis
SerCeva uaRresad pragmatuli mosazrebebiT xdeboda
da ZiriTadad, arsebuli garemo pirobebidan gamom­-
d­inareobda, mainc arsebobda Rrma sulieri safuZvlebi,
romelTa gaTvaliswinebiTac kacobriobis Zveli moZ­
Rvrebi xelmZRvanelobdnen. isini materiis miRma um­
Tavresad maT sulier sawyisebs Wvretdnen. Tanamedrove
adamianis Sexeduleba samSeneblo masalebis Sesaxeb
radikalurad gansxvavebulia Zveli epoqis SemoqmedTa
warmodgenebisgan.
yvela epoqis nagebobebSi naTlad Cans Sesabamisi
kulturis sulieri cxovrebis formebi, maTi religiuri
msoflmxedveloba. dReisTvis ZiriTadi aqcenti masa­
lebis materialisturi TvalsazrisiT Seswavlazea ga­
datanili. Zvel droSi umTavresi masalebis sulieri
aspeqtebis warmoCena iyo. Zveli xalxebis samSeneblo
mistika mecnierul-teqnikuri evoluciis fonze Zalze
gauferulda da dReisTvis mxolod fragmentuli saxiTaa
SenarCunebuli.
winamdenare naSromSi gvinda nawilobriv SevexoT

_ 189 _
Zveli xalxebis im sulier Sexedulebebs, romlis
mixedviTac nagebobebis samSeneblo masalebi SeirCeoda.
ramdenadac Zveli xalxebis religiuri cnobierebis forma
dRevandelisgan mkveTrad gansxvavebulia, SeuZlebelia
maTi `samSeneblo Sexedulebebis~ srulyofili restav­
racia. albaT ufro moxerxebuli iqneba Tu Zveli
samSeneblo gamocdilebis Sesaxeb ufro Tanamedrove
eniT visaubrebT.
sacxovreblebis or umTavres jgufad gamijvna, anu
maTi warmodgena erTi mxriv, `xis saxlad~, xolo meore
mxriv, `qvis saxlad~, saSualebas iZleva cal-calke
ganvixiloT maTi damaxasiaTebeli umTavresi niSnebi.
xisa da mineralis (anu miwis) sulieri arsis gar­
kvevisTvis uaRresad lakoniuri da Rrmaazrovani su­
raT-xatebia mocemuli bibliur TxrobaSi. RmerTma
adamianis sxeuli miwisgan Seqmna. adamianis fizikuri
sxeuli wilnayaria mineralur samyarosTan dakavSirebul
ZalebTan. mxolod amis Semdeg RmerTma suli STabera
adamians da igi sulier arsebad aqcia.
aseve bibliuri gadmocemiT, codviT dacemamde
adamiani ukvdavi iyo da samoTxis baRSi mkvidrobda.
misi ukvdavebis sulieri xati mocemulia sicocxlis
xeSi, romelic samoTxis baRSi xarobda. am xis ZalebTan
ziareba adamianis maradiul arsebobas gansazRvravda.
cdunebis Semdeg adami eziara xe-cnobadis nayofs. amiT
igi, erTi mxriv, daukavSirda mis Sinagan arsSi Tavisufali
azrovnebis ganviTarebis impulss, xolo ramdenadac
es movlena saRmrTo gangebulebiT gansazRvrul evo­
luciur procesSi naadrevi iyo, mas Sedegad mohyva
samoTxidan gandevna, rac, amave dros, sicocxlis xis
Zalebisgan mowyvetas gulisxmobda. adamianur arsebaSi
gaCnda sikvdili.
warmodgenili suraT-xatebis sulieri mniSvneloba,
cxadia, gacilebiT farToa, magram gansaxilvel kon­

_ 190 _
teqstSi gvinda mxolod calkeuli aspeqtebi gamovyoT.
am TvalsazrisiT, mineraluri samyaro dakavSirebulia
adamianis fizikur sxeulTan, xolo xis xati mianiSnebs im
sasicocxlo Zalebs, romlebic adamians, rogorc cocxal
arsebas gansazRvravs. amgvari warmodgena, cxadia, srul
SesabamisobaSia mecnierul SexedulebebTanac. marTlac,
adamiani Tavisi sasicocxlo unarebiT, anu `sasicocxlo
sxeuliT~ swored mcenareul samyarosTanaa wilnayari,
xolo fizikuri sxeulis agebulebiT _ mineralur sam­
yarosTan.
erTi mxriv, mineraluri samyaros mimarTeba adamianis
sxeulTan, xolo meore mxriv, mcenareuli samyaros
Zalebis naTesaoba adamianis sasicocxlo ZalebTan,
garkveulad ukve migvaniSnebs adamianis sacxovreblis
or, Sesabamisad gansxvavebul interpretaciaze.
roca saSen masalad an sayofao nivTebis Sesaqmnelad
xis masalis gamoyeneba xdeba, Zalze mniSvnelovania, Tu
romeli xis jiSia SerCeuli konkretul SemTxvevaSi. xis
jiSebi erTmaneTisgan bevri niSan-TvisebiT gansxvavdebian.
Tanamedrove epoqaSi xis jiSebis Taviseburebebis Sedareba
ZiriTadad mxolod materialisturi TvalsazrisiT
xdeba. ganixileba xis masalis meqanikuri Tvisebebi.
Zvelad xeebis mimarT sruliad gansxvavebuli damo­
kidebuleba arsebobda. isini ganixilebodnen rogorc
dedamiwaze garkveuli planetaruli da zodiaquri
sulieri Zalebis warmomadgenlebi. xeebis kultebic
swored am warmodgenebidan momdinareobda. xeebis
zeciur ZalebTan Sesatyvisoba yvela kulturam TiTqmis
Tanamedrove epoqamde Semoinaxa.
marTalia, xeebis zeciur sulier ZalebTan kavSiri
samecniero kvlevis CarCoebSi ar Tavsdeba, magram gar­
kveuli kvlevebi mainc arsebobs im kuTxiT, rom xeebs
mniSvnelovani zemoqmedebis Zala gaaCniaT maTTan axlos
myof adamianebze. xe Tavis irgvliv qmnis raRac garemos,

_ 191 _
rasac realuri zemoqmedebis unari aqvs. zogjer xis am
garemomcvel garemos auras uwodeben. yvela droSi cxadi
iyo, rom sxvadasxva jiSis xesTan siaxlove sxvadasxva
zemoqmedebas iwvevda. warsulis es gamocdileba Zalze
farTodaa SemorCenili yvela kulturis xalxur cno­
bierebaSi _ miTebSi, legendebSi, simRerebSi, poeziaSi da
a.S.
magaliTad, cnobilia, rom muxa gansakuTrebulad
moqmedebs mis siaxloves myofebze. igi energiis mimniWebel
xed iTvleba. muxasTan axlos yofniT adamiani TiTqosda
damatebiTi energiiT imuxteba, masSi aqtiuri moqmedebis
impulsebi Cndeba. Tu sxvadasxva xalxis folklorul
masalas davakvirdebiT, davinaxavT, rom muxis es Tviseba
yvelgan aSkaradaa gamokveTili. xSirad naTqvamia, rom
sabrZolvelad wasasvleli jari muxasTan Seikriba, ra­
Rac mniSvnelovani moqmedebisTvis bWoba muxis qveS
gaimarTa da sxva. es ganwyobileba mxolod warsulis
ZeglebSi ar arsebobs. Tanamedrove Semoqmednic xSirad
am ganwyobilebas qvecnobieradac gamoxataven. muxa
yvelgan siZlieris, gambedaobis, aqtivobis simboloa.
aseT magaliTad SeiZleba gavixsenoT vaJa-fSavelas
`baxtrioni~, sadac moTxrobilia laSaris muxasTan
qarTvelTa jaris Sekreba gadamwyveti brZolis win.
aseve Zalze STambeWdavia galaktion tabiZis leqsi
`muxa~, sadac saocrad lakoniuradaa gamosaxuli muxi­
sadmi zemoT aRniSnuli ganwyobileba.
Zveli astrologiis mixedviT, muxa marsis xea, rac
niSnavs, rom muxaSi marsis sulieri Zalebia gamovlenili.
muxa TiTqos am Zalebs aireklavs da Tavis irgvliv
`asxivebs~. marsi odiTganve im planetad iTvleboda,
saidanac aqtiuri, sabrZolo ganwyobilebis stimulireba
xdeba. miTebSi marsi xSirad swored omis RmerTebis
personificirebuli saxiTaa mocemuli. es ganwyobileba
aqcentirebulia Zvel berZnul miTebSic. aresi swored

_ 192 _
brZolisa da aqtiuri moqmedebis umTavresi inspiratoria.
cxadia, Tanamedrove mecnierebis kvlevis sferoSi
ver moxvdeba varskvlavuri sferodan momdinare su­
lier Zalebze saubari. amitom aRniSnul sakiTxebze
mecniereba eyrdnoba empiriuli dakvirvebis Sedegebs.
aris mcdelobebi, xeebis gavlena adamianebis emociur da
fizikur mdgomareobaze dafiqsirdes rogorc realoba.
xolo am dakvirvebis Sedegebi gamoyenebul iqnas
praqtikuli cxovrebis sferoSi. magaliTad, roca eqimi
guliT avadmyof pacients tyeSi sufTa haerze seirnobas
urCevs, igi valdebulia icodes, romeli xeebis tyeSi
gaseirnebaa misTvis sasargeblo da romelSi _ saziano.
anda, roca romelime dasaxlebasTan masiuri gamwvanebis
sakiTxi ixileba, aucilebelia empiriuli codna mainc
arsebobdes imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor zegavlenas axdens
esa Tu is xe im adamianebze, romlebic am dasaxlebaSi
cxovroben.
saukuneebis manZilze dagrovili xalxuri codna am
Temaze Zalze mdidaria. yvelgan arsebobs garkveuli
tradicia, Tu romeli xe sad unda dairgas. zogierTi
xis dargva saxlTan axlos miRebulia, zogi piriqiT,
miuRebelia. iseTi xeebicaa gamorCeuli, romlebic sa­
saflaosTan irgveba.
roca tyian zonaSi raime sakulto nagebobis, an
sacxovrebeli saxlis ageba xdeboda, xSirad swored is
adgili SeirCeoda xolme, sadac yvelaze ufro kargad
ganviTarebuli xeebi idga. es xeebi iWreboda da maT
adgilas nageboba Sendeboda. am SemTxvevaSi iTvleboda,
rom xe garemos jansaR impulsebze reagirebda da amdenad
am adgils jansaRi `energetika~ hqonda.
warmarTul religiebSi farTod iyo gavrcelebuli
wminda xeebis kulti. am SemTxvevaSic sulieri Zalebis
mcenareul samyaroSi gancdasTan gvaqvs saqme. wminda
xeebis kulti Zalze gavrcelebuli iyo saqarTveloSic.

_ 193 _
qristianobis mravalsaukunovani istoriis miuxedavad,
qarTul taZrebTan jer kidev SemorCenilia sakulto
xeebis `naSTebi~. mTis religiur cxovrebaSi ki mas jer
kidev cocxali tradiciis saxe aqvs. SeiZleba gavixsenoT
Tundac laSaris wminda muxa, romelic dRemde Tay­
vaniscemis obieqtia da laSaris salocavis erT-erT
mniSvnelovan siwmindes warmoadgens.
aSkarad igrZnoba, rom saqarTveloSi arsebuli re­
ligiuri tradicia erTmaneTisgan Zalze mkveTrad ar­
Cevda sxvadasxva jiSis xeebis sulier mniSvnelobebs.
mziuri religiuri kultebis gavrcelebasTan erTad
ufro masobrivi gamxdara ifnis sakulto xeebis Tay­
vaniscema. Tavad qristianuli centrebis siaxloves
SemorCenili sakulto xeebis Seswavlisas gamovlinda,
rom zogierT adgilas, sadac Zvelad sxva jiSis xe iyo
umTavresi, SemdgomSi igi ifniT Secvlila. wminda ifnebis
`gamravleba~ laSaris salocavSic aSkaraa. centraluri
muxis irgvliv ifnis xeebi dgas.
igive tendencia SeimCneva TeZmis xeobaSi arsebul
rkonis monasterTanac. varaudoben, rom aq Zvelad
muxis kulti unda yofiliyo (Tavad adgilis dasaxeleba
_ `rkoni~-c iZleva amis safuZvels), magram Semdeg igi
ifnis kultiT Secvlila.
sakulto xeebis aseTi Canacvleba SeiZleba aixsnas
im faqtiT, rom qristianoba, rogorc religia sulieri
TvalsazrisiT, ufro mziur aspeqtebzea orientirebuli,
xolo ifani swored mzis xed iTvleba. mzis Zalebis
anarekli swored ifanSia danaxuli. amitom warmarTuli
kultebis adgilebSi qristianuli taZrebis aSenebis Sem­
deg iq arsebuli Zveli warmarTuli kultebis Se­sabamisi
wminda xeebi xSirad ifaniT Canacvlda.
mecnieruli TvalsazrisiT, Znelad asaxsnelia,
sxva­
dasxva xeebs ratom unda hqondeT konkretulad
maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli zemoqmedebis unari. empiriuli

_ 194 _
dakvirvebiT aSkaraa, rom xeebs es unari gaaCniaT da amave
dros, igi adamianis fizikur mdgomareobazec aisaxeba.
xSirad saubroben xeebis auraze, romelSi moxvedrisas
xis zemoqmedeba adamianis auraze vrceldeba da sabolood
igi fizikur sxeulamdec vlindeba.
isic cnobilia, rom xeebisgan momdinare zemoqmedeba
zogjer dadebiTia, zogjer _ uaryofiTi. magaliTad,
eqimebi xSirad guliT avadmyofebs urCeven, rom maT
wiwvovan tyeSi didxans ar iseirnon. es imiT aixsneba,
rom wiwvovani xeebi intensiurad moqmedeben adamianze da
mas aqtiuri energiiT `muxtaven~. es zedmeti damuxtva
gul-sisxlZarRvTa sistemisTvis sasurveli ar aris.
samagierod, im adamianebze, romlebsac Sesustebuli aqvT
Sinagani aqtivobis unari, wiwvovani tye gamajansaReblad
moqmedebs.
ese igi, naZvs (fiWvs), muxis msgavsad, dadebiTi,
anu `dammuxtveli~ aura aqvs, Tumca Tavisi xasiaTiT
gansxvavebuli.
arseboben xeebi, romlebic adamians energiiT ki ar
muxtaven, aramed, piriqiT, misgan energias `gaiwoven~.
aseT xeebs uaryofiTi auris xeebs uwodeben.
roca adamiani aRgznebulia, ese igi, Warbi Sinagani
muxtia gamovlenili, aseTi xeebi masze damamSvideblad
moqmedeben. did qalaqebSi, sadac aqtiuri sazogadoebrivi
cxovrebis pirobebSi swored Warbadaa stresuli,
aRgznebuli fsiqikuri mdgomareoba, quCebSi umTavresad
aseT uaryofiTaurian xeebs rgaven. zogjer am sakiTxze
arc fiqroben, magram, mravalwliani gamocdilebiT
midian im daskvnamde, rom didi qalaqebis gamwvanebisas
swored aseTi xeebia saWiro.
magaliTad, aseTi xeebia verxvi, Wadari, tirifi.
SemTxveviTi araa, rom amaRlebuli ganwyobilebis
sabrZolo simRerebSi xSirad muxa moixsenieba, xolo
sevdian simRerebSi xSirad swored verxvs, Wadars, tirifs

_ 195 _
an sxva iseT xes vxvdebiT, romelTac uaryofiTi aura
aqvT.
Zvel religiur warmodgenebSi Zalze xSiradaa moT­
xrobili ama Tu im moRvawis naTelxilvebis an meditaciebis
Sesaxeb xis qveS. am warmodgenebiT, xeebi xSirad sulier
samyarosTan urTierTobis garemos qmnian. ese igi, xeebi
adamianis ama Tu im unars aZliereben, an asusteben.
praqtikuli gamocdilebiT Zalze sasargeblod iTv­
leba iseTi xeebis CrdilSi dasveneba, rogorebicaa
cacxvi, wabli, circeli. rogorc Seswavlilia, am xeebs,
marTalia, dadebiTi energetika aqvT, magram ara iseTi
aqtiuri, rogorc muxas da arc ise `agresiuli~, rogorc
wiwvovan xeebs. maTi dadebiTi aura ufro `rbilia~. isini
Zalze `zomierad~ aRadgenen adamianis Sinagan energetikas,
stimuls aniWeben moqmedebisTvis.
aseTi xeebiT didi qalaqebis ganaSenianeba sasurvelia.
isini xelsayrel garemos qmnian yoveldRiurobisgan
gadaRlili, Sinaganad gamofituli adamianebisTvis.
saqarTveloSi gansakuTrebiT miRebuli iyo ezoSi
cacxvis dargvis tradicia. iTvleboda, rom cacxvs
Zalian kargi Crdili aqvs. adamianebi qvecnobierad mudam
grZnobdnen cacxvis keTilismyofel zegavlenas, mis
siaxloves dasvenebis sasikeTo gavlenas.
miuxedavad imisa, rom kakalsac Zalian kargi Crdili
aqvs, xalxuri tradiciiT, kaklis ZirSi jdoma didxans ar
SeiZleba. amis mizezic swored isaa, rom kakalsac Zalze
aqtiuri aura aqvs. manac SeiZleba zedmeti `gadamuxtva~
gamoiwvios.
arcTu ise Soreul warsulSi Zalian didi mniSvneloba
hqonda xis jiSis SerCevas ara mxolod ezoSi dasargavad,
aramed Tavad saxlis Sida sagnebis dasamzadebladac.
msoflios bevr regionSi saxli mTlianad xis masalisgan
igeboda. xis saxli saqarTvelos bevr regionSic tra­
diciul formas warmoadgenda. xis masalis SerCevas

_ 196 _
didi mniSvneloba hqonda ara mxolod masalis meqanikuri
Tvisebebis gamo, aramed maTi sulieri mniSvnelobebis
gaTvaliswinebiTac. imave safuZvlebidan amodiodnen,
roca xis masalisgan sayofao nivTebs, kar-fanjaras,
an iataks qmnidnen. am saxiT xis masalas qvis saxlebSic
xSirad mniSvnelovani raodenobiT vxvdebiT.
Zveli tradiciis mixedviT, xis yoveli elementi,
romlis siaxlovesac adamians cxovreba uwevda, swored
am masalis sulieri mniSvnelobis mixedviT irCeoda.
gaTvaliswinebuli iyo am xeebis damokidebuleba pla­
netarul da zodiaqur sulier ZalebTan. miuxedavad
imisa, rom es elementebi ukve moWrili xisgan mzaddeba,
iTvleba, rom maT Tan misdevT is gavlenebi, romlebsac
es xe moWramde ganicdida.
ama Tu im jiSis xis sacxovrebel sivrceSi Semotanas
Zvelad gacilebiT didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda. imasac
didi mniSvneloba hqonda, Tu sad idga es xe moWramde da
rogor gamoiyureboda.
sakulto an religiuri siwmindeebi xSirad swored
gansakuTrebuli xeebisgan iqmneboda. aseve gavrcelebuli
iyo tradicia, rom aseTi gansakuTrebuli xis mokveTis
Semdeg mis adgilas salocavebi Sendeboda. saqarTveloSic
Zveli, warmarTuli xis kultebi bevrgan qristianulma
taZarma Caanacvla.

xis saxli, atmosferuli jvari

`xis saxlze~ saubrisas, bunebrivia, upirveles yov­

lisa, saWiroa garkveul iqnas xis, rogorc samSeneblo
masalis raoba, magram albaT seriozul Sedegebs ar
SeiZleba velodeT, Tuki msjelobas moWrili xis moridan
daviwyebT. amjerad, gvinda yuradReba mivaqcioT xes,

_ 197 _
rogorc cocxal mcenares da mis kavSirs gare samyarosTan.
yvela Zvel kulturaSi mcenare ganxiluli iyo
samwevrovani saxiT. igi fesvebiT dakavSirebulia miwasTan,
yvavilebiT garemomcvel kosmosTan, xolo mis ReroSi,
erTi mxriv, miwidan, xolo meore mxriv, kosmosidan
momdinare nakadebi erTmaneTs xvdebian. mcenaris ReroSi
(anu xis tanSi) ca da dedamiwa harmoniul kavSirSi
warmoCindebian. SenobaSi xis tanis svetad aRmarTebac
TavisTavad am ideis naTeli dadasturebaa.
Tanamedrove samecniero SexedulebiT, xis Sua na­
wilSi, sadac RerosTan erTad, totebi da foTlebic
igulisxmeba, mimdinareobs is umTavresi qimiuri pro­
cesi, rasac organuli qimiis enaze saxameblis warmoqmna
ewodeba. mcenaris foTlebSi mzisgan momdinare
sinaTlis moqmedebiT naxSirorJangisa da wylis SeerTeba
xorcieldeba da am reaqciis Sedegad miiReba saxamebeli,
xolo garemoSi gamoiyofa Jangbadi.

6CO2+5H2O=C6H10O5+6O2

marTalia, mcenareSi mimdinare procesis formulamde

dayvana TavisTavad seriozul mecnierul miRwevad
SeiZleba CaiTvalos, magram ar unda Seiqmnas iluzia,
TiTqos es formula marTlac moicavs realobis yvela
aspeqts. bolos da bolos am procesis erT-erTi umTavresi
inspiratoris, sinaTlisTvisac ki ar gamoiZebna adgili
mocemul gamosaxulebaSi.
mcenaris Sua nawilSi warmoqmnili saxameblis Sem­
dgomi ganviTareba ori mimarTulebiT ganixileba: qveviT
_ fesvebisken da zeviT _ yvavilisken. erTi mxriv, xdeba
saxameblis kidev ufro faqiz substanciad _ Saqrad
gardaqmna da am saxiT igi yvavilisken miiswrafvis, xolo
meore mxriv, misi Semdgomi `gamkvriveba~ celulozis
warmoqmnisken viTardeba. rogorc saxamebeli, aseve

_ 198 _
Saqari da celuloza naxSirwylebis jgufSi erTiandebian.
samive es nivTiereba Sedgeba naxSirbadis, wyalbadisa da
Jangbadis (C, H, O) elementebisagan. marTalia, naxSirwylebi
iSlebian naxSirbadad, wyalbadad da Jangbadad, magram
ukuprocess adgili ara aqvs. ese igi, am elementebis
SeerTebiT ar miiReba naxSirwyali. sxvanairad rom
vTqvaT, mas Semdeg, rac mcenareSi mimdinare sasicocxlo
organuli procesisas miiReba saxamebeli, misi daSla ukve
iZleva araorganul elementebs, romlebic, faqtobrivad,
daSlis produqtebs, anu gvamebs warmoadgenen. am gvamebis
saxameblamde `gacocxleba~ ki SeuZlebelia.
Saqrad gardaqmnili saxamebeli Tavis yvelaze uf­
ro faqiz gamovlinebas yvavilSi aRwevs. yvavilidan
futkari iRebs neqtars da mas Taflad gardaqmnis.
yvavilidan gamoiyofa sxvadasxva zeTebic. samkurnalo
TvalsazrisiTac umTavresad swored yvavilSi vlindebian
mcenaris Tvisebebi. TavisTavad yvavilis feri da sunic
swored Saqris Semdgomi ganviTarebis Sedegia.
sruliad gansxvavebuli procesia saxameblis ce­
lulozad gardaqmna. am dros xdeba mcenaris gamyareba,
ucvlel formad Camoyalibeba. celuloza mcenaris is
nawilia, romelic yvelaze naklebad monawileobs mis
sasicocxlo procesebSi. samagierod, igi gansazRvravs
mcenaris fizikur (garegnul) saxes, mis sayrden ConCxs.
celulozis Semdgomi degradaciis produqts naxSiri
warmoadgens. dedamiwis qerqSi arsebuli qvanaxSiris
masivebi swored mcenareuli samyaros degradaciis
Sedegia.
qvanaxSiri, navTobi, romelic warmoadgens diamet­
rulad gansxvavebul formas mcenaris yvavilSi war­
moqmnil SaqarTan SedarebiT, aseve analogiuri pro­
duqtebis warmoqmniT xasiaTdeba, magram im gansxvavebiT,
rom am SemTxvevaSi saxeze gvaqvs xelovnuri produqtebi.
qvanaxSirisgan (navTobis produqtebisgan) miiReba sa­

_ 199 _
xa­
rini, romelic, faqtobrivad, xelovnur Saqars war­
moadgens, aseve mineraluri zeTi, sinTetikuri sunamo
(yvavilis surnelisgan gansxvavebiT), sinTetikuri wam­
lebi da aseve sinTetikuri saRebavebi.
Tafli zeTi suni wamali feri
(sunamo) (saRebavi)

Saqari

saxamebeli

celuloza

naxSiri (fisi)
saxarini

mineraluri zeTi

sinTetikuri sunamo

sinTetikuri wamali

sinTetikuri saRebavi

rogorc vxedavT, yvavilSi gamomuSavebuli Saqrisa

da naxSiris produqtebs Soris simetriis miuxedavad
xarisxobrivi sxvaobac sruliad naTelia.
mcenareSi mimdinare nivTierebaTa warmoqmnis proce­
se­
bi uSualo mimarTebaSia atmosferosTan. naxSirbadis
sub­stancias igi haerSi arsebuli naxSirorJangidan (CO2)
gamoimuSavebs. swored es naxSirbadi warmoadgens mTeli
organuli bunebis agebulebis safuZvels. amgvari funqcia
gansazRvrulia misi unikaluri TvisebiT _ atomur bmebSi
SeuerTdes sakuTar Tavs. amis garda, faqtobrivad, igi

_ 200 _
TiTqmis mxolod wyalbadTan, JangbadTan da azotTan
qmnis myar SenaerTebs. amgvari naerTebis saxiT igi
warmoqmnis ramdenime milion nivTierebas, maSin, roca
dedamiwaze arsebuli yvela danarCeni elementi mxolod
ramdenime aTeul aTas nivTierebas qmnian erTmaneTTan
kombinirebiT. swored warmodgenili oTxi elementi (C,
H, O, N) gansazRvravs organuli nivTierebebis mTel
erTobliobas. marTalia, naxSirwylebSi azoti ar Sedis,
magram mcenareSi igi mainc mniSvnelovan funqcias
asrulebs im TvalsazrisiT, rom rogorc cilis Semad­
geneli nawili, igi erT-erTi komponentia mcenaris
TeslSi.
ZiriTadad, swored warmodgenili oTxi elementi
monawileobs im sasicocxlo procesebSi, rac mcenareul
samyaroSi xorcieldeba. am sasicocxlo procesebze
dakvirveba naTlad aCvenebs mcenareuli naSTebis saxiT
Tu rogor warmoiqmnebian dedamiwis qerqis Semad­
geneli nivTierebebi. naxSiri, torfi, navTobi da
sxva nivTierebebi swored mcenareuli sasicocxlo
procesebis Sedegad warmoqmnili gvamebia. am SemTxvevaSi
materia warmodgenilia, rogorc sicocxlis degradacia.
`arsebuli qimiuri elementebi met-naklebad warmoadgenen
organuli sicocxlis narCenebs, anu gvamebs~.1
sicocxlisgan materiis warmoqmnis idea TavisTavad
axali ar aris, magram mecnierul doneze igi mxolod
me-19 saukunis bolos daisva. amave periodSi mTeli
materialisturi qimia materiis mudmivobis kanons
daefuZna da, faqtobrivad, dResac am safuZvelze
viTardeba. am kanonis mixedviT, samyaroSi adgili ara
aqvs materiis arc warmoqmnas da arc mospobas. atomebi
ucvlelni arian da erTmaneTTan sxvadasxva proporciiT
SeerTebis Sedegad sxvadasxva nivTierebad warmosdgebian.
SemdgomSi atomuri fizikis ganviTarebisas, marTalia,
mecnierebaSi gaCnda mosazrebebi atomis Semadgeneli

_ 201 _
nawilakebis Sesaxeb, magram arsebiTad materiis mudmivobis
kanoni ucvleli darCa. ubralod manamde atomebze
gamoTqmuli Sexedulebebi gadatanil iqna protonebze,
neitronebsa da eleqtronebze.
ukve me-19 saukunis 70-ian wlebSi germanelma mecnierma
albrext fraixer fon gercelma eqsperimentul doneze
daadastura, rom materiis mudmivobis kanoni SeiZleba
gavrceldes mxolod araorganuli qimiis SemosazRvrul
farglebSi da ara mTels samyaroze.2 organuli procesebi
gacilebiT rTuli kanonzomierebebiT xasiaTdebian. man
mcenaris Teslze Catarebuli eqsperimentebiT aCvena,
rom mcenareSi mimdinare sasicocxlo procesebis Sedegad
adgili aqvs materiis warmoqmnas.
mecnieruli azri mis gamokvlevebs sruli dumiliT
Sexvda. industriuli qimiisa da fizikis borblis
SeCereba im droisTvis ukve SeuZlebeli iyo. naxevari
saukunis Semdeg rudolf xauSkas gamokvlevebma kidev
erTxel daadastura fon gercelis Sedegebi. am gziT
gaCnda SesaZlebloba mecnierul enaze momxdariyo
materialisturi qimiis gansuliereba. mecnieruli mzera
kvlav kosmosuri procesebis globaluri gaazrebisken
iqna mipyrobili. amgvar farTo masStabSi warmodgenil
samyaroSi kvlav aRidgina Tavisi adgili grZnobadi
kosmosis ganmsWvalavma sulierma samyarom. yoveli
nivTiereba moazrebul iqna yovlismomcvel kosmosur
ZalebTan mimarTebaSi.
`is, rasac Cven dedamiwaze nivTierebas vuwodebT,
aris kosmosuri procesi gamyarebul, fiqsirebul for­
maSi. miwieri nivTiereba da kosmosuri arseba _ es
aris ori polusi, romelTa Sorisac arsebobs bunebis
gamovlenis usasrulo raodenobis safexuri. mcenare
Tavadaa CarTuli am or polarobas Soris... da iseve,
rogorc mcenare Semodgomaze gamoSreba da TiTqmis
mTlianad qreba fizikurad, maSin roca misi arseba kvlav

_ 202 _
brundeba miwier samyaroSi, fiqsirebuli nivTiereba am
ritmebSi kvlav ganzavdeba Tavis procesualur arsebaSi~.3
am TvalsazrisiT `sicocxle~, rogorc arseba ufro
adre arsebobda, vidre misi fiqsireba, gamyareba miwier
formebsa da myar substanciebSi moxdeboda.
mcenare, romelic mTeli arsebiTaa CarTuli miwieri
da kosmosuri samyaros urTierTmimarTebis procesSi,
warmosdgeba rogorc sicocxlisa da nivTobriobis
ur­TierTgardasaxvis uSualo monawile. am gagebiT,
mcenare ki ar igeba da viTardeba gruntidan momdinare
nivTierebebisgan, aramed piriqiT _ mcenare Tavad
warmoqmnis grunts. yvelaze ufro cxadlivi saxiT
sasicocxlo procesebis gamyareba dafiqsirebulia qva­
naxSiris substanciaSi. faqtobrivad, qvanaxSiri war­
moadgens mcenareTa uZveles gvams.
mcenareuli samyaro CarTulia nivTierebaTa
warmoqmnisa da nivTierebaTa cvlis im intensiur
procesSi, rac dedamiwis atmosferul garemosa da Tavad
grunts Soris mimdinareobs.
albaT, saWiroa mokled SevexoT im ZiriTad qimiur
elementebs, romlebic aRniSnul procesSi gadamwyvet
rols TamaSoben.

naxSirbadi (C)

naxSirbadi warmoadgens mTeli organuli bunebis

agebulebis safuZvels. yvela organul naerTSi igi
formis ganmsazRvreli ConCxis funqcias asrulebs.
swored amitomac, yoveli organuli substancia, rogorc
daSlis Sedegs, naxSirbadis ConCxs tovebs. amis yvelaze
ufro naTeli magaliTia xis dawvis, an dalpobis Sedegad
miRebuli Sedegi. am procesSi xis masalas toveben
wyalbadisa da Jangbadis substanciebi da rCeba naxSiri.

_ 203 _
igi xis masalis daSlis ukanaskneli produqtia.
organuli nivTierebebis formulebis ganxilvac
ki naTlad mianiSnebs naxSirbadis formadwarmoqmnad
xasiaTs.
naxSirbadis atomebi erTmaneTTan bmaSi qmnian myar
struqturul ConCxs, romelic Tavisufali bmebiT ukav­
Sirdeba danarCen elementebs. am TvalsazrisiT, organul
qimiaSi sruliad cxadia naxSirbadis formadqmnadi
Zalebis mniSvneloba.
garda imisa, rom naxSirbadi yvela cocxali sub­
stanciisTvis maformirebel safuZvels warmoadgens,
igi analogiur Tvisebebs amJRavnebs araorganul
bunebaSic. rogorc cnobilia, naxSirbadi gamdnar rkinaSi
Zalze aqtiurad ixsneba. mTlianad swored naxSirbadis
Semcvelobazea damokidebuli metalis Tvisebebi.
naxSirbads SeuZlia rbili rkina elastiur foladad,
anda msxvrevad Tujad aqcios. meore mxriv ki, imave
gavarvarebul rkinaSi, Tuki mas swrafad gavaciebT, masSi
gaxsnili naxSirbadi almasis saxiT gamoiyofa. almasi
warmoadgens sufTa saxis naxSirbads. igi uaRresad myari
da, amave dros, msubuqi substanciaa.
naxSirbadi haerSi ZiriTadad naxSirorJangis saxiT
arsebobs. mcenare swored naxSirorJangidan iTvisebs mas
da am gziT ayalibebs sakuTar formas.
naxSirbadi Tavisi xasiaTiT uaRresad `miwieri~
elementia, radgan yvela procesSi igi formis fiqsaciisken
miiswrafvis.

wyalbadi (H)

wyalbadi umsubuqesi elementia. amitomac igi atmos­

feroSi mudam zeda regionebisken miiswrafvis. miwasTan
axlos myof haeris fenebSi wyalbadis Semcveloba

_ 204 _
minimaluria da ar aRemateba 0,02 %-s, maSin, roca
dedamiwidan 150 km-is simaRleze misi Semcveloba ukve
99,5 %-s aRwevs. wyalbadi qveda fenebidan aqtiurad
miiswrafvis zeviT da, faqtobrivad, antigravitaciul
`amwev Zalas~ qmnis. yvelaze ufro mZime liTonebic
ki (magaliTad, tyvia) wyalbadTan SeerTebiT gazad
gardaiqmnebian.
wyalbads, aseve, gansakuTrebuli siTburi Tvisebebi
axasiaTebs. masTan dakavSirebuli TiTqmis yvela procesi
siTbos aqtiuri gamoyofiT xasiaTdeba. wyalbadis
es Tviseba farTodaa gamoyenebuli teqnikaSi _ gan­
sakuTrebiT liTonebis dnobisa da SeduRebis saqmeSi.
igive wyalbadi warmoadgens mJavebis umTavres
Semadgenel elements. mJavebis aqtiuri gamxsneli xasiaTi
swored am faqtidan momdinareobs.
rogorc Tavisi antigravitaciuli `amwevi ZaliT~,
aseve sxva nivTierebaTa mimarT gamxsneli, ganmaqarvebeli
TvisebebiT wyalbadi `cecxlovan~ substancias warmo­
adgens da aristoteles stiqiaTagan Zalze gamokveTilad
swored cecxlis substancias enaTesaveba. rudolf xauSka
amgvarad svams kiTxvas: `es `amwevi Zalis~ da `gamxsneli
siTbos~ Tvisebebi warmoadgenen Tu ara antigravitaciis
sufTa fizikur fenomens, Tu es mxolod im kosmosuri
cecxlis ukanaskneli xiluli kvalia, romelic ro­
gorc materiis ganmaqarvebeli, dematerializaciis
ganmaxorcielebeli Zala ganmsWvalavs universums?~4
mTeli is procesi, rac mcenareSi warmoqmnili sa­
xameblis jer Saqrad, xolo Semdeg yvavilSi kidev ufro
faqiz substanciebad da bolos ferad da surnelebad
gardaiqmneba, swored `wyalbaduri~ procesia. wyalbadi,
rogorc cecxlovani substancia, TiTqosda yovelgvari
materialuris dematerializaciisken miiswrafvis. am
TvalsazrisiT igi ukve ganxiluli naxSirbadis, anu
`miwieri~ elementis srul antipods warmoadgens.

_ 205 _
 Jangbadi (O)

yovel cocxal organizmSi arsebobs Sinagani mis­

wrafeba Jangbadisken. haeris CasunTqvis, anda wylis
dalevisadmi miswrafeba, faqtobrivad, Jangbadis sub­
stanciis miRebis moTxovnilebidan momdinareobs.
miuxedavad imisa, rom haerSi Jangbadis Semcveloba
arc ise didia (daaxloebiT, 20 %), mis sasicocxlo
mniSvnelobas upirveles yovlisa igi gansazRvravs. Jan­
gbadis Semcveloba gansakuTrebulad maRalia wyal­
Si, sadac igi 89 %-s aRwevs. swored amitomac, wyali
warmoadgens sasicocxlo substancias rogorc mTeli
mcenareuli, aseve cxoveluri samyarosTvis da, cxadia,
adamianisTvisac. is faqti, rom wyali sicocxlis um­
Tavresi simboloa, swored masSi arsebuli Jangbadis
didi Semcvelobidan momdinareobs.
mcenareebi, cxovelebi da adamianebi Zalian didi
procentiT Seicaven wyals da, amdenad, Jangbadsac, rac
gansazRvravs maT sicocxlisunarianobas.
am TvalsazrisiT Jangbadi wyalbadis antipods war­
moadgens. Tu wyalbaduri `cecxlovani~ procesi um­
Tavresad gamoSrobasTan, anu substanciis gafaqizebasa
da dematerializaciasTanaa dakavSirebuli, Jangba­
dis moqmedeba, anu wylis saxiT mcenareebsa da or­
ganizmebSi misi gaaqtiureba uSualod gansazRvravs
sicocxlisunarianobis gamoRviZebas. Tu wyalbaduri
procesi cdilobs, TiTqosda materialurSi gamovlenis
ganqarvebas da xilul samyaroSi ganqarvebiT sulieri
arsisken miswrafebas, Jangbadi piriqiT, matarebelia im
Zalebisa, romlebic xels uwyoben arsebis xilul samyaroSi
gamovlinebas. Jangbaduri procesi gansakuTrebiT Tval­
naTliv SeigrZnoba gazafxulis dasawyisSi, roca mTeli
mcenareuli samyaro zamTris Zilisgan iRviZebs da wylis
stiqia Zalumad miiswrafvis mis kapilarebSi. mTeli

_ 206 _
mcenareuli samyaro wveniT, anu macocxlebeli wylis
substanciiT ivseba.
wyalbadi da Jangbadi TiTqosda qmnian or sapirispiro
poluss da, Sesabamisad, ritmul cvalebadobas. erTi
mxriv, xilulis ganqarvebasa da sakuTari sulieri
arsebisken dabrunebas da, meore mxriv, xilul samyaroSi
maqsimalur gamJRavnebas Soris. pirvel SemTxvevaSi
mcenare qreba xiluli samyarosTvis da misi idea
Teslis patara marcvalSi koncentrirdeba, xolo meore
SemTxvevaSi TeslSi moqceuli mcenaris potencia kvlav
xilul mcenared gardaiqmneba.

azoti (N)
Tavisi sasicocxlo Tvisebebidan gamomdinare, Cve­
ulebriv warmodgenebSi haeri mudam Jangbadis sub­
stancias ukavSirdeba, miuxedavad imisa, rom haerSi misi
Semcveloba mcirea (daaxloebiT, 20 %). faqtobrivad, ha­
eris danarCeni nawili mTlianad azots ukavia. misi wili
TiTqmis 80 %-s aRwevs. kidev ufro ucnaurad is gamoiyu­
reba, rom CasunTquli haeridan adamiani azots praqtiku­
lad ar iTvisebs da igi ucvleli raodenobiT ubrun­
deba garemos. miuxedavad amisa, azotis roli sunTqvis
procesSi uaRresad didia. swored azoti warmoadgens
sunTqvisTvis damaxasiaTebeli moZraobisa da ritmis
ganmsazRvrels. Jangbadis organizmisadmi miwodebasa da
dozirebas swored azotis substancia awesrigebs.
haeris ritmuli moZraoba, cxadia, mxolod sun­
TqvasTan ar aris dakavSirebuli. rogorc dedamiwis
atmosferos Seswavlam aCvena, haeris masebis ritmuli
moZraoba dedamiwis mTel garemoSi gansazRvrul
kanonebs emorCileba. TiTqosda dedamiwac Taviseburad
sunTqavs. mTeli miwieri samyaros ritmebi, TavianT mxriv,
CarTulni arian ufro globaluri masStabis movlenebSi
da, faqtobrivad, am ritmebis kerZo gamovlinebebs

_ 207 _
warmoadgenen.
am TvalsazrisiT, azotis substancia swored gan­
msazRvrel rols asrulebs. sxvanairad rom vTqvaT,
azoti, rogorc pirveladi stiqia, haeriT gansazRvruli
elementia da moZraobisa da ritmulobis aRmZvreli
unariT xasiaTdeba.
mcenaris Semadgeneli umTavresi nivTierebebi,
naxSirwylebi, Seicaven naxSirbadis (C), wyalbadis (H) da
Jangbadis (O) substanciebs. masSi ar Sedis azoti (N). magram
mcenareSi azotis gamovlineba mainc mniSvnelovania. igi
warmoiqmneba im etapze, roca mcenareuli nayofidan
Tesli viTardeba. mcenaris Tesli Seicavs mcenareul
cilas, xolo am cilaSi CamoTvlil sam elementTan
erTad azotic umTavres rols TamaSobs. sazogadod,
naxSirwylebi Tu mcenareul samyaros gansazRvraven,
cilebi ukve cxoveluri samyaros arsebobas ganapirobeben.
mcenaris TeslSi es ori samyaro TiTqosda erTmaneTs
xvdeba. azotis CarTviT TiTqosda moZraobis elementi
emateba miwaSi umoZraod Camagrebul mcenares. Tesli
mcenares swydeba da mcenare adgils icvlis sivrceSi.
misi msgavsi sxvagan aRmocendeba. es gadaadgileba haeris
(qaris) saSualebiT xdeba.
warmodgenili elementebis ganxilvisas yovel
maTganTan dakavSirebiT mieniSna Sesabamis pirvelad
stiqiaze. amgvari miniSneba ar warmoadgens ubralo
abstraqcias. is warmodgenebi, rac dRevandel mate­
rialistur bunebismetyvelebaSi pirveladi stiqiebis
Sesaxeb arsebobs, cxadia, Zalze gafermkrTalebulia
maTi antikurobis droindel formebTan SedarebiT. Tu
CamoTvlil elementebs Sesabamis stiqiebTan mimarTebaSi
gamovsaxavT, miviRebT kosmosuri jvris erT-erT saxes.
magram am niSnebis mniSvnelobebis cocxali, sulieri
gancdis gareSe, igi mxolod mSrali sqema iqneba da meti
araferi.

_ 208 _
 cecxli
H

haeri N C miwa

O
wyali
jer kidev uZvelesi antikuri warmodgenebiT, aRniSnuli
stiqiebi mTeli xiluli da uxilavi samyaros pirvelad
safuZvels warmoadgenen. is sulieri Zalebi, romlebic
mTeli kosmosuri mTlianobis erTian maorganizebel
wesrigs gansazRvraven, mTel yofierebas ganmsWvalaven
da safexurebrivad eSvebian dedamiwis substanciebis
fizikur gamovlinebamde. yovel substanciaSi mocemulia
kosmosuri wesrigis garkveuli anabeWdi.
`amasTan dakavSirebiT, SeiZleba daisvas kiTxva:
saerTod rogor xdeba, rom arsi Semodis materialur
gamovlinebaSi?~ magaliTad, Jangbadi, anu sasicocxlo
nivTiereba mcenaris ideas miwier gamovlinebad aqcevs,
xolo naxSirbadi mas formas aZlevs. magram rogorc
mcenare _ es realobaSi gamJRavnebuli idea, aseve yo­
veli nivTierebac, warmoadgenen garkveuli kosmosuri
arsidan momdinare procesis fiqsacias. `arsi cxovrobs
varskvlavur samyaroSi, xolo mis kvals Cven vpoulobT
myar, fiqsirebul, mkvdar nivTierebaSi~.5 ukanaskneli
drois gamokvlevebma ukve eqsperimentulad daadastura
is uZvelesi mosazrebebi, romlebiTac ganmsWvaluli
iyo jer kidev uZvelesi kultura. sruliad cxadlivad
warmoCinda, rom dedamiwaze mimdinare organuli
sicocxle, TviT substanciebis warmoqmnis CaTvliT,
uaRresad mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli mzis, mTvaris da
saerTod mTeli varskvlavuri samyaros moqmedebasTan.
dRes ukve mecnierul safexurze xdeba imis gaxseneba,

_ 209 _
rom mTvare uaRresad aqtiurad monawileobs dedamiwaze
mimdinare procesebSi da igi, faqtobrivad, aireklavs
mTeli kosmosis zemoqmedebas. materializmis damkvid­
rebamde romel epoqaSi iyo saeWvo, rom mTvaris, mzis
da sxva planetebis aqtivoba damokidebulia imaze, Tu
romeli zodiaqos win moZraoben es sxeulebi. uZveles
warmodgenebSive kosmosuri Zalebis diferencireba
TormetobiT sistemaSi, Tormet safexurad xdeboda.
Tormet zodiaqod dayofili varskvlaveTis TiToeuli
nawili srulad gansazRvruli kosmosuri ZalebiT
xasiaTdeboda. am kosmosuri Zalebis gamovlineba gan­
sakuTrebiT TvalnaTlivaa mocemuli wlis droTa
monacvleobaSi. wlis Tormet Tved dayofa swored
am warmodgenidan momdinareobs. ganxiluli qimiuri
elementebis zodiaqur ZalebTan kavSiric ufro naTlad
SeiZleba warmovidginoT, roca igi swored wliur
ritmebTan mimarTebaSia ganxiluli.
am TvalsazrisiT lomis zodiaqo mudam warmoadgenda
simbolos im sulieri Zalebisas, romlebic dedamiwaze
cecxlovani procesebis saxiT warmoCindebian, romlebic
yvela gamovlinebaSi, mSvinvier-sulier, biologiur Tu
mineralurSi cecxlovanis monaTesave procesebs iwvevs.
gamorCeulad swored es kosmosuri Zalebi moqmedeben
iseT cecxlovan qimiur elementze, rogoricaa wyalbadi,
da mis gansakuTrebul aqtivobas iwveven. swored
zafxulis bolos, agvistos mcxunvare mzis moqmedebisas
iwyeba arsebaTa formisagan ganTavisufleba, rac ze­
moT ganxiluli TvalsazrisiT wyalbaduri procesis
gamovlinebaa. swored am dros mcenareebSi gamokveTilia
tendencia formaSi maqsimaluri gamovlinebidan Tan­
daTan aqcentebi gadavides mis miswrafebaze TeslSi
koncentraciisken. am TvalsazrisiT, lomis zodiaqo
wyalbaduri procesebisaTvis TiTqosda erTgvar sam­
Soblos warmoadgens.

_ 210 _
 diametrulad gansxvavebuli suraTi gvaqvs Te­
bervalSi, roca mze merwyulis zodiaqoSi moZraobs.
uZveles warmodgenebSic merwyuli miwis ganayofierebi­
sa da cxovelmyofelobis gamoxatulebas warmoadgenda.
rogorc aRvniSneT, am dros mcenareuli wvenis moq­me­deba
iwyebs aqtiurobas. mcenareul samyaroSi wylis substan­
cias ganaxlebuli sicocxle Seaqvs. mce­na­reebi, romelTa
fizikuri formidan ConCxebiRa iyo SemorCenili, for­
maSi gamovlinebas iwyeben. merwyulis kosmosuri Zalebi,
qimiuri elementebis enaze rom vTqvaT, uSualod Jang­
badis substancias ukavSirdebian. rogorc wyalbaduri
da Jangbaduri procesebi warmoadgenen diametrulad
urTierTgansxvavebuls, aseve lomisa da merwyulis zo­
diaqoebs wreze zustad opoziciuri mdebareoba ukaviaT.
danarCen or elementze saubrisas, aucileblad
unda mieqces yuradReba im faqts, rom TaviaTi xasiaTiT
isinic swored antipodebs warmoadgenen. azoti Tu
haerovani stiqiaa da umTavresad moZraobasa da ritms
ganapirobebs, naxSirbadi piriqiT, swored yovelgvari
procesis Sewyvetisa da formis fiqsaciisken miiswrafvis.
bunebaSi arsebuli formebis umTavresi fiqsatori
swored naxSirbadia. formis fiqsaciis impulsebi bu­
nebaSi yvelaze ufro Zalumad noembris periodSi
warmoCindebian. swored am dros xeebi foTlovani
samosisagan ganiZarcvebian da naxSirbaduli procesi maT
ConCxebad gadaaqcevs. am dros mze morielis (Rriankalis)
TanavarskvlavedSi moZraobs. Tavad morielis xatic ar
aris SemTxveviTi saxe. morielic TiTqmis ConCxamdis
gamxmari, sikvdilis Zalebis matarebeli arsebaa. magram
uZveles epoqaSi, roca es xati kosmosur ZalTa garkveul
saxes ukavSirdeboda, isic iyo cnobili, rom garegnul
gamovlinebaSi arsebobis Sewyveta amave dros yoveli
arsis sulier samSobloSi dabrunebas mianiSnebs. fizikur
planSi sikvdili, amave dros, missave sulier arsSi

_ 211 _
dabrunebasac niSnavs. amitomac zodiaqos niSanTagan
mxolod morielis xats aqvs oreuli. am zodiaqos meore
saxels warmoadgenda `arwivi~. arwivis zefrena swored
sulier samSobloSi dabrunebis simbolod gaiazreboda.
rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, azotis substancia ar Sedis
naxSirwylebSi, magram igi Teslwarmoqmnis procesSi mo­
nawileobs. amave dros, azoti moZraobisa da ritmulobis
ganmsazRvreli substanciaa. Teslwarmoqmnis impulsebi ki
mocemulia im procesSi, roca mcenareul samyaroSi ganayo­
fierebis, anu yvavilTa damtvervis procesi mimdinareobs.
damtverva, yvelaze ufro aqtiurad, gazafxulis bolos
xdeba. haeris stiqia Zalze aqtiurad monawileobs yvavili­
dan yvavilze mtvris gadatanaSi. am movlenas yvelaze ufro
gamokveTili saxe maisis bolos aqvs. am dros mze xaris zo­
diaqoSia. jer kidev antikur warmodgenebSi moZraobis Za­
lebis sawyisebs swored xaris suraT-xatSi gamosaxavdnen.
zodiaqoTa Tormet xatovan gamosaxulebaTagan umTavre­
sad swored xaris zodiaqos ukavSirebdnen moZraobisa da
aqtiuri qmedebis kosmosur Zalebs.
Tu warmodgenil monacemebs sqematurad gamovsaxavT,
miviRebT kosmosuri jvris zodiaqalur-substanciur
interpretacias.


cecxli
H

 haeri N C miwa 
O
wyali


_ 212 _
 kosmosuri jvris am kerZo saxes r. xauSka `atmosferul
jvars” uwodebs, radganac igi umTavresad im procesebs
afiqsirebs, romlebic mcenareul samyarosa da
atmosferos Soris mimdinareobs. xe swored am procesis
umTavresi monawilea da vidre misi tani sacxovrebeli
saxlis elementad mogvevlineba, zemoT aRwerili mTeli
kosmosuri procesi mis Sinagan arsSi cxaddeba.
sasicocxlo procesebis dasrulebis Semdeg, mkvdari
xe materialur samyaros uerTdeba da xangrZlivi drois
Semdeg dedamiwis qerqSi iseT nivTierebebs warmoqmnis,
rogorebicaa torfi, qvanaxSiri, navTobi.
ukanasknel saukuneebSi adamianis Zalisxmevis
Sedegad, es nivTierebebi kvlav dedamiwis zedapirze
iqna dabrunebuli. garkveul periodSi isini ZiriTadad
sawvavad ixmareboda, xolo ukanasknel periodSi, qimiis
ganviTarebis Sedegad, navTobis narCenebisgan miRebulma
produqtebma adamianis yofis TiTqmis yvela sfero
moicva. maT mniSvnelovani adgili daikaves rogorc
sacxovreblis saSeni masalebis sferoSi, aseve sayofao
nivTebis, samrewvelo danadgarebis, tansacmlis, sakvebis
da sxva saxiT. TandaTan adamiani xelovnuri nivTierebebis
samyaroSi gadasaxlda.

mineraluri jvari

samSeneblo masalebis TvalsazrisiT, saxlis meore

saxeobad SeiZleba ganvixiloT qvis saxli. qvisgan SeiZleba
iyos agebuli rogorc kedlebi, aseve gadaxurvebi. Zvelad
qvis saxlebi qvebis mSrali wyobiT igeboda. Semdeg
moxda kirisgan Semkravi nivTierebis gamogoneba da ukve
erTmaneTTan duRabiT SeerTebuli qvis wyobebi miviReT.
mSeneblobaSi gamoyenebuli qvebis erT jgufs

_ 213 _
safuZvlad udevs iseTi qimiuri elementis SenaerTebi,
rogoricaa siliciumi (Si). dedamiwaze mravladaa sili­
ciumovani mTebi, saidanac am qvebis mopoveba xdeba. xSirad
mdinareebic `Camorecxen~ maT am mTebidan da riyis qvis
saxiT gamoiyeneba mSeneblobaSi. qviSebic siliciumisgan
Sedgeba. odiTganve samSeneblo duRabis misaRebad kirTan
erTad am qviSebsac xmarobdnen.
imis garda, rom kirqvebisgan Semkravi masala _ kiri
miiReba, igive kirqvebi samSeneblo qvebadac gamoiyeneba.
kirqvebis safuZveli kalciumia (Ca). kirqvebi kal­
ciumis SenaerTebia.
mesame saxis SenaerTebi, romlebic xSirad gamoiyeneba
qvis saxlis masalad, aris aluminis (Al) SenaerTebi.
bunebaSi es aris sxvadasxva saxis Tixebi. Zvelad Tixebs
alizis saxiT xmarobdnen. misi saSualebiT sacxovreblebis
formirebac advilad xdeboda. SemdegSi ukve Tixisgan
aguris damzadebis teqnologia aiTvises. aguri iseT
samSeneblo masalad iqca, romelic kirTan erTadac
SeiZleboda gamoyenebuliyo. Tixis agurebis erTmaneTTan
SeerTeba kirisa da qviSis duRabisgan xdeba. ese igi,
aguris kedlebis aSenebisas ukve samive dasaxelebuli
qimiuri elementis (Si, Ca, Al) SenaerTebi monawileoben.
rogorc aRiniSna, mcenaris sasicocxlo procesebSi
umTavres rols TamaSoben wyalbadis, Jangbadisa da
naxSirbadis substanciebi, magram roca mcenaridan ukve
gamqralia sasicocxlo Zalebi, magaliTad, roca igi
damwvaria, mis ferflSi analizis Sedegad dgindeba iseTi
elementebis Semcvelobac, rogorebicaa: kaliumi (K),
fosfori (P), kalciumi (Ca), siliciumi (Si), magniumi (Mg),
gogirdi (S). aseve mcire doziT _ alumini (Al), natriumi
(Na), qlori (Cl) da zogierT SemTxvevaSi sxva elementebic.
am elementebis Semcveloba mcenareSi marTalia
mcirea, magram mainc uaRresad sayuradReboa. jer kidec
gercelis mier iyo gamoTqmuli mosazreba imis Sesaxeb,

_ 214 _
rom dedamiwis qerqSi qimiuri elementebis warmoqmnis
procesi swored mcenareul da cxovelur samyaroSi
mimdinare sasicocxlo procesebis dasrulebis Sedegs
Seadgens. ese igi, kosmosuri faqizi substanciebis ma­
terializaciis procesi mcenareul da cxovelur
sam­yaroSi araorganul nivTierebebamde daiyvaneba.
dedamiwis qerqis umTavres samSeneblo masalas siliciumi
(Si), kalciumi (Ca) da alumini (Al) Seadgens. procentuli
TvalsazrisiT yvela danarCen elements Zalze mcire
moculoba ukavia. am TvalsazrisiT, SeiZleba mokled
davaxasiaToT TiToeuli maTgani.

siliciumi (Si)

siliciumis SenaerTebi dedamiwis qerqSi uaRresad

mravalferovani saxiT arseboben. mTlianobaSi maT
dedamiwis qerqis daaxloebiT 47% ukaviaT. marTalia,
mravali saxis qvebi (maT Soris, granitic) swored
siliciumis SenaerTebia (SiO2), magram yvelaze ufro
sufTa saxiT igi mTis brolSia warmodgenili.
roca laparakia siliciumur procesebze, aq ar
igulisxmeba element siliciumis mxolod qimiuri
naerTebi. marTalia, sabolood es procesic garkveulad
swored amgvari naerTebis dafiqsirebisken miiswrafvis,
magram masSi aucileblad unda gaviTvaliswinoT
Sualeduri mdgomareobebi da warmoSobili tendenciebic.
imis garda, rom siliciumi uamrav iseT naerTs qmnis,
romlebic maTSi wylis SemcvelobiT gamoirCevian, misTvis
damaxasiaTebelia koloiduri xsnarebisken miswrafebac.
amgvari xsnarebis erT-erT ganmsazRvrel Tvisebas Zlieri
zedapiruli daWimulobis Zalebis arseboba warmoadgens.
isini TiTqosda `mkvriv~ afsks warmoqmnian zedapirze.
siliciumis zedapiruli moqmedebisken miswrafeba erT-
erTi naTeli magaliTia saerTod siliciumuri procesisa

_ 215 _
rogorc bunebaSi, aseve mTel kosmosSi. siliciumuri
procesebi yvela Tavis gamovlinebaSi zedapiris
warmoqmnisken miiswrafvian, magram es warmoqmna xdeba
TiTqosda ara Signidan gareT, aramed piriqiT, garedan
SigniT mimarTuli Zalebisagan.
am azris sicxadisTvis mosaxerxebelia gamoyenebul
iqnas geometriuli gamosaxuleba.
sferos zedapiris Camoyalibeba SeiZleba warmod­
genil iqnas ori, erTmaneTisgan diametrulad gansxva­
vebuli saxiT. pirveli, rogorc warmoSobili garkveuli
centraluri wertilidan ganviTarebiT, sadac sferos
yoveli wertili statikuradaa `mibmuli~ centrze. am­
gvari gaazreba, cxadia, Zalze bunebrivia da igi ukav­
Sirdeba fizikuri sxeulis statikur, myar sivrcobriv
mdgomareobas.

amave dros, imave sferuli zedapiris warmoqmna

sxva­
gvaradac SeiZleba. warmovidginoT, rom formis
ganmsazRvreli sibrtyeebi usasrulobidan miiswrafvian
warmoqmnadi moculobisaken. TandaTan yoveli mxridan
momdinare amgvari sibrtyeebi, rogorc mxebi zedapirebi,
erTobliobaSi afiqsireben garkveul sferul zedapirs.
amgvar zedapirs ukve veRar gaviazrebT rogorc myari
centridan gansazRvrulad. igi warmoqmnilia gare sivr­
cidan da misi centri mxolod am sferos warmoSobis

_ 216 _
Semdeg SeiZleba dafiqsirdes.

swored es formadqmnadobis procesi, romelic

gare, kosmosuri sivrceebidan qmnis zedapirs, xatovnad
gamosaxavs siliciumovan process, rac arsebobis sxva­
dasxva safexurze, sxvadasxva saxiT vlindeba.
rogorc aRvniSneT, saboloo substanciur gamov­
linebaSi igi element siliciumis warmoqmnas ukavSirdeba.
amgvari gamovlineba naTladaa mocemuli, magaliTad,
zRvis talRebSi, mTebis zedapirze, adamianisa da
cxovelis kanSi, maTi organoebis zedapirze da sxva.
siliciumovani procesi, Tavisi xasiaTiT, kosmosidan
momdinare formadqmnadobis saxea. amgvari Zalebis
gamovlineba varskvlavTa caze sruliad gansazRvrul
areals ukavSirdeba. aprilSi, roca mze, am formadqmnadi
Zalebis umTavresi moSualede, verZis zodiaqos gaivlis,
formadqmnadobis kosmosuri impulsebi yvelaze ufro
aqtiurad vlindeba. buneba, TiTqosda mTeli arsebiT
eswrafvis axali formebis mSeneblobas. am dros Zalze
intensiurad iqmnebian axali fizikuri formebi. jer kidev
antikur samyaroSi am formadqmnadobis Zalebis grZnobad
samyaroSi gamovlineba verZis suraT-xats ukavSirdeboda.

_ 217 _
cxvari aris is uaRresad Rrmad ganWvretili suraT-
xati am yovlismomcveli siliciumovani formadqmnadi
procesisa, romlis saboloo mineralur safexurs
siliciumi warmoadgens.
cxvris rqis warmoSoba _ es aris sferuli si­
liciumovani formadqmnadi Zalebis gamovlineba. igive
Zalebi maqsimaluri saxiT mJRavndebian am cxovelis
mTeli zedapiris formirebaSic. cxvris tyavi yovelTvis
iyo umaRlesi kosmosuri Zalebis gamovlinebis simbolo.
rogorc aRiniSna, verZis zodiaqodan momdinare
formadqmnadi Zalebis gamJRavneba, anu siliciumovani
procesis dasasruli mocemulia siliciumSi, xolo am
Zalebis yvelaze sufTa saxiT gamovlinebas mineral
mTis brolSi vxvdebiT. ese igi, warmodgenil konteqstSi
mTis broli kosmosidan Seqmnili substanciaa. SeiZleba
gavixsenoT uZvelesi xatovani azrovnebis mravali nimuSi,
kerZod, Zveli xalxuri zRaprebi, sadac mocemulia
brolis koSkis, anda brolis sasaxlis suraT-xatebi.
xSirad gmirebs did Zalisxmevis fasad uxdebaT brolis
koSkebSi, anu miRmier, sulier samyaroSi SeRweva, raTa
uzenaesi mizani iqnas miRweuli. es mizani ki sxvadasxva
SemTxvevaSi sxvadasxva saxiT xSirad gamosaxsneli qal­
wulis saxiTaa simbolizebuli.
oTxi pirveladi stiqiidan siliciumi aSkara msgavsebas
amJRavnebs haeris stiqiasTan. Tavad misi moqmedebis
xasiaTi mkveTrad periferiulia. arc is aris SemTxveviTi,
rom frinvelebis bumbuli 77% siliciums Seicavs.

kalciumi (Ca)

dedamiwis qerqSi kalciumic mniSvnelovani moculo­

biTaa. mas dedamiwis qerqis daaxloebiT 30 % ukavia.
siliciumisgan gansxvavebiT, kalciumi ukiduresad
mSrali nivTierebaa. mas ar gaaCnia koloiduri xsnarebi.

_ 218 _
misi simSralis yvelaze naTeli gamovlineba mis wvadobaSi
Cans. siliciums, piriqiT, araviTari miswrafeba ar
gaaCnia wvadobisken. swored gamomwvari kiri warmoadgens
mniSvnelovan samSeneblo masalas. gamomwvari kiri
wyalTan aqtiurad urTierTqmedebs da Camqrali kiri
miiReba. kiri mkveTr `wyurvils~ amJRavnebs rogorc
wylis mimarT, aseve Caqrobis Semdeg haerSi arsebuli
naxSirorJangis mimarTac. swored es warmoadgens misi
gamyarebis pirobas. duRabis momzadebisas erTmaneTTan
ireva qviSa da Camqrali kiri, wyalSi gaxsnisa da Semdeg
haeridan naxSirorJangis SeerTebiT miiReba myari kirqva.

gamowva: CaCO3(kiri)→CaO(gamomwvari kiri)+CO2

Caqroba: CaO(gamomwvari kiri)+H2O=Ca(OH)2 (Camqrali kiri)

duRabis gamyareba:
Ca(OH)2(Camqrali kiri)+CO2=CaCO3(kirqva)+H2

kirqvaze dakvirvebiT sruliad cxadia, rom mas

gamokveTili miswrafeba aqvs formis dafiqsirebisken,
gamyarebisken. kalciumi swored fizikur planSi gamya­
rebasa da gamovlinebis Zalebs ganasaxierebs.
rogorc zemoT iyo naCvenebi, geometriul gamosa­
xulebaSic siliciumis dinamikuri sferosgan gansxvavebiT,
mas Seesabameba miwieri, statikuri sfero, romelic
centridanuli ZalebiTaa Seqmnili. Tu dinamikuri
sfero gare kosmosuri sivrcidan igeba, kalciumis
myar sferoSi dedamiwis Sinagani Zalebis gamovlinebaa
demonstrirebuli.
advilad SeiZleba davakvirdeT, Tu ra mniSvneloba aqvs
kalciumovan statikas rogorc dedamiwis, Cveni saxlebis,
aseve Tavad Cveni sxeulis agebulebasa da wonasworobis
unarSic. adamianis sxeulis formis ganmsazRvreli Zvlo­

_ 219 _
vani ConCxic swored kalciumovani procesis Sedegia.
ramdenadac kanis saSualebiT Cven CarTuli varT
kosmosur siliciumovan procesSi, imdenadve Cvenive
Zvlovani sistemiT vukavSirdebiT dedamiwis mineraluri
arsebobis kalciumovan procesebs. kaniTa da Zvlovani
sistemiT adamiani TiTqosda daZabulia or kosmosur
polarobas Soris, erTi mxriv, siliciumovan da meore
mxriv, kalciumovan zemoqmedebas Soris. siliciumovani
procesi, es aris formadqmnadoba gare samyarodan,
xolo kalciumovani procesi _ formadqmnadoba Sinagani
centridan. warmodgenili polaruloba naTelia Tavad
qimiuri Tvisebebidanac. siliciumi mJavebisTvis dama­ xa­
siaTebeli elementia, maSin roca kalciumi fuZeebs qmnis.
Tu kvlav varskvlavTa cas mivapyrobT mzeras, irkveva,
rom zodiaqoebis sistemaSi kalciumovan procesebsac
aseve konkretuli `samSoblo~ aqvT.
Semodgomis dReRamtolobidan iwyeba swored is
procesebi, rac bunebaSic SeiZleba kalciumovan pro­
ce­
sebad SevicnoT. gazafxulze dabadebuli axali
formebi ukve asruleben TavianT gamovlinebas da iwyeben
kosmosuri arsisken dabrunebas. wina planze gamodis
dedamiwidan momdinare statika, wonasworoba.
am TvalsazrisiT swored sasworis zodiaqo warmo­
adgens kalciumovani procesebis inspiraciis wyaros.
rogorc siliciumi da kalciumi TavianT miwier
nivTobriv gamovlinebaSi arian erTmaneTisgan polarulni,
aseve maTi Sesabamisi zodiaqoebic, erTi mxriv, verZis
zodiaqo, xolo meore mxriv, sasworis zodiaqoc erTma­
neTis mimarT aseve opoziciuri ganlagebiT xasiaTdebian.
kalciumis gansakuTrebuli miswrafeba statikuro­
bisken mas aSkarad miwis pirvelad stiqiasTan anaTesavebs.

_ 220 _
 alumini (Al)

dedamiwis qerqSi siliciumisa da kalciumis Semdeg

yvelaze mniSvnelovani moculoba aluminis SenaerTebs
ukavia. isini mTeli qerqis 20%-s Seadgenen. am
SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba Tixovani gruntebi (geologiuri
terminologiiT, aluvialuri gruntebi, xolo qimiuri
TvalsazrisiT, aluminis silikatebi).
Tixnarebi TiTqosda siliciumisa da kalciumis mTebs
Soris arsebul sivrceebs avseben. siliciumi da kalciumi
mkveTrad urTierTpolaruli xasiaTiT gamoirCevian.
alumini mniSvnelovanwilad arbilebs am dapirispirebas
da garkveulad maT Soris moSualedis rols asrulebs.
es Sualeduri mdgomareoba naTlad Cans qimiuri
Tvisebebidanac. siliciumi qmnis mJavebs, xolo kalciumi
_ fuZeebs. alumini, rogorc maTi Sualeduri elementi,
qmnis rogorc mJavebs, aseve fuZeebs.
mcenareul samyaroSic analogiuri suraTi gvaqvs. mce­
naris yvavilovan nawilSi siliciumovani procesi gamoav­
lens yvavilis fers, aromats, suns, xolo mce­na­ris qveda
nawilSi kalciumovani procesi mcenares aformirebs.
alumini axdens am ori polaruli zemoqmedebis
harmonizacias. mcenaris Sua, foTlovan nawilSi TiTqosda
es ori, zeciuri da miwieri tendenciebi erTmaneTs
xvdebian. am SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba ara nivTieri alumini,
aramed aluminuri procesi. am procesis meSveobiT miwieri
Zalebi fesvebidan zeviT, xolo mzisa da varskvlaveTis
Zalebi yvavilebidan fesvebisaken miemarTebian. mcenaris
varjisa da foTlebis ganviTareba mniSvnelovanwilad
swored aluminuri procesebiTaa gansazRvruli.
Tixa garegani Zalebis zemoqmedebis mimarT damyol,
plastikur Tvisebebs amJRavnebs. am TvalsazrisiT alu­
minuri procesebi mTel dedamiwas kosmosuri siliciumo­
vani zemoqmedebisadmi damyolobas aniWebs. am procesSi

_ 221 _
siliciumis wylisadmi midrekileba mJRavn­ deba alumin­
Sic, ramdenadac Tixa mxolod sisvelis mdgomareobaSia
damyoli siliciumovani formadqmnadobis mimarT. Tixis
plastiurobis aucilebeli piroba misi tenianobaa.
Tu Tixa gamoSreba, da gansakuTrebiT roca gamoiwveba,
igi xdeba statikuri. am SemTxvevaSi misi Tvisebebi ukve
meore polusisken _ kirqviskenaa gadaxrili. Tixis
WurWeli, anda samSeneblo aguri swored gamomSrali
Tixebis naTeli saxeebia.
rogorc vxedavT, Tixis, anu aluminis Tvisebebi
sakmaod did diapazonSi, or ukidures poluss (kiri da
siliciumi) Soris meryeobs da am ori dapirispirebis
SemaerTebeli, gamamTlianebeli TvisebebiT vlindeba.
mniSvnelovania is suraT-xati, romelsac biblia gvTa­
vazobs. RmerTma adamianis sxeuli xom swored Tixisgan
Seqmna. am TvalsazrisiT, adamianis sxeuli gvevlineba ro­
gorc SemaerTebeli ciuri da miwieri Zalebisa _ am ori
dapirispirebuli Zalebis erToblivi moqmedebis arena.
amjerad Tu yuradRebas mivapyrobT adamianis sxeuls,
romlis fiziologiuri sivrcec moqceulia kansa da
Zvlovan sistemas Soris, ese igi, siliciumsa da kalciums
Soris, SeiZleba SevniSnoT, rom sisxli warmoadgens
swored im elements, romelic gansazRvravs am or
polarobas Soris mimdinare fiziologiur procesebs. am
fiziologiur sivrceSi igi mudmivad ritmulad moZraobs
xan periferiebisken, xanac centrisken. wiTeli sisxli
miiswrafvis periferiebisken, kanisken, kidurebisken,
xolo cisferi sisxli centrisken brundeba.
astrologiuri TvalsazrisiT, aluminovani proce­
si ukavSirdeba im periods, roca mze Txis rqis Tana­
varskvlavedSi Sedis. Txis rqa Zvel naxatebSi gamosaxulia
Tevzis kudiT, rac saocrad Rrmad gaazrebul suraT-
xats gvTavazobs. xatovan enaze igi Zalze zustad
Seesabameba aluminur process. alumins, erTi mxriv,

_ 222 _
gaaCnia miswrafeba kalciumisken, anu simSralisa da
simyarisken, rac Txis simbolos Seesabameba, xolo meore
mxriv, alumini aseve ixreba siliciumiskenac, romelic
wylis monaTesavea. am TvalsazrisiT Tevzis kudi swored
am meore poluss mianiSnebs.
zodiaqur wrezec Txis rqa zustad Sualedur adgils
ikavebs kalciumisa da siliciumis Sesabamis zodiaqoebs
Soris.
gansakuTrebuli plastiurobisa da formacvla­ do­
bisken miswrafebiT alumins wylis pirveladi stiqia
enaTesaveba. rogorc kalciumsa da siliciums Soris
alumini asrulebs gadamyvan, maharmonizebel funqcias,
aseve maTi Sesabamisi pirveladi stiqiebisTvisac ana­
logiuri suraTi gvaqvs. miwisa da haeris stiqiebs Soris
swored wyali asrulebs msgavssave funqcias.

fosfori (P)

ganxiluli mineralebisgan gansxvavebiT, fosfori

dedamiwis qerqSi maRali SemcvelobiT ar xasiaTdeba.
fosfori TiTqmis Tanabrad, mcire doziTaa mimobneu­
li qerqis mTel moculobaSi. mineralur mdgomareobaSi,
ZiriTadad, apatitis saxiT gvxvdeba. mcenareebis Semad­
genlobaSi arsebuli fosfori gruntSi gadadis da mcena­
reuli organuli nivTierebebis daSlisas gamoiyofa. Wa­
obebSi xSirad SeimCneva mocimcime naTebebi (fosfini PH3).
adamianis sxeulSi fosfori mniSvnelovan funqcias
asrulebs. nervuli sistemis substancia fosforis
Semcvel cilas warmoadgens. saerTodac, mTeli ner­
vuli sistema swored fosforuli procesis naTeli
demonstraciaa. fosfors, rogorc qimiur nivTierebas,
erTgvari gamkvrivebis Tviseba aqvs. magaliTad, haerze
TavisTavadi wvisas igi sinaTles gamoasxivebs da amave
dros Tavad mkvrivdeba (am dros igi ar xurdeba). amave
dros, igi Jangbads ozonad gardaqmnis. esec gamkvrivebis
_ 223 _
procesia (3O2→2O3). sami moculoba Jangbadi gardaiqmneba
or moculoba ozonad. analogiuri suraTi gvaqvs
adamianis sxeulSic. nervuli sistemis fosforuli
moqmedebis gareSe substanciebis fizikur formebamde
gamkvriveba ver moxdeboda.
fosforuli procesic, aluminuris msgavsad, adami­anis
fiziologiur sivrceSi or polarul mxares Soris moqme­
debs. erTi mxriv, nervuli sistemis daboloebebi gamodian
kanis zedapirze da am gziT qmnian grZnobis im organoebs,
romlidanac impulsebi Tavis tvins miewodeba, xolo meo­
re mxriv, igive nervuli sistema kalciumovan Zvlovan sis­
temasac ukavSirdeba. fosforuli gamkvrivebis procesi
swored ZvlebSi mTavrdeba, sadac fosfori nivTobrivad
uerTdeba kalciums da fosformJava kal­ciums qmnis.
marTalia, siliciumovani procesi adamianis kans
ayalibebs, magram mas mgrZnobiarobas swored fos­
fo­ruli procesi aniWebs. igive fosforuli procesi
kalciumovani procesebisken miswrafebisas ZvlebSi
statikur substanciebamde mkvrivdeba.
marTalia, aluminis msgavsad, fosforic siliciumovan
da kalciumovan procesebs Soris meryeobs da maT
urTierTharmonizebas axdens, magram orive es moqmedeba
erTmaneTisganac diametrulad gansxvavdeba.
fosforuli procesi, rogorc nervuli sistemis
ganmsazRvreli, individisa da garemos urTierTobaSi
monawileobs. misi saSualebiT xdeba adamianis inteleq­
tualuri da sxeulebrivi TviTSegnebis Camoyalibeba.
amgvari Zalebi uZvelesi tradiciiT kiborCxalas zo­
diaqodan momdinareobs. kiborCxalas javSani, rac
kalciumis fosfats warmoadgens, aris TviTSemecnebis
suraT-xati. is, rac adamianis organizmSi pirvel safe­
xurze aris sxeulebrivi grZnobebi, sxeulebrivi
TviTSegneba da sakuTari azrovnebiT cxovreba, TandaTan
safexurebrivad xdeba organoTa maformirebel Zalebad.

_ 224 _
es gamyareba Tavis dasasruls Zvlovan sistemaSi aRwevs,
roca igi kalciumovan process uerTdeba. kiborCxalas
javSanSi es procesebi uSualodaa materializebuli,
ramdenadac igi swored kalciumis fosfatisgan Sedgeba.
ramdenadac aluminisa da fosforis miwieri sub­
stanciebi erTmaneTisgan polarulobiT gamoirCevian,
maTi Sesabamisi zodiaqoebic swored opoziciaSi dganan.
Tavisi aqtiuri aalebadi TvisebebiT fosfori, cxadia,
pirvel rigSi, swored cecxlis stiqias mogvagonebs.
sruliad aSkaraa, rom winamdebare TavSi ganxiluli
oTxi elementi (siliciumi, kalciumi, alumini da fosfori)
faqtobrivad dedamiwis ZiriTad mineralur samyaros age­
ben. am mineralur qerqsa da atmosferos Soris moqceulia
mcenareuli samyaro, im Sesabamisi nivTierebebiT, romlebic
uSualod mcenareuli samyaros narCenebs warmoadgens da
garkveul SemTxvevaSi kvlav ubrundeba kidec atmosferos.
am TvalsazrisiT, mine­raluri nawili gacilebiT myaria.
Tu ganxilul oTx elements zodiaqoTa sqemaze
ganvalagebT, kvlav aRmoCndeba, rom isini sruliad
gansazRvrul Tanwyobas qmnian da es sqema egreT wodebuli
`mineraluri jvris~ saxiT warmogvidgeba:

a
cecxli
P

^ haeri Si Ca miwa d
Al
wyali

g
_ 225 _
adamiani da elementaruli samyaro

adamianebs uZvelesi droidan hqondaT gancda, rom ara

mxolod adamiania sulieri arseba, ara mxolod zeciuri
angelozebi arian sulieri arsebebi, aramed bunebis yvela
qmnilebaSi da movlenaSic suliereba unda iqnas danaxuli.
bunebis sulebi, ierarqiuli TvalsazrisiT, adamianis
ierarqiaze dabla dganan. rogorc warsulis gamocdileba
gviCvenebs, bunebis sulebs didi adgili ukaviaT adamianTa
amqveyniuri cxovrebis sferoSi, magram isic SemCneulia,
rom xSirad negatiuri sulieri Zalebi swored bunebis
sulebis gziT aRweven adamianSi. am saSiSroebas Tavidanve
Zalze sifrTxiliT ekideboda qristianuli eklesia.
xSirad qristianul swavlebaSi bunebis sulierebis sruli
ignorireba xdeboda. am TvalsazrisiT, saqarTvelo erT-
erT gamonakliss warmoadgenda. Tanamedrove mkvlevrebs
xSirad aRuniSnavT, rom saqarTvelo iyo is gamonaklisi
regioni, sadac eklesiam ar gaauqma bunebis suliereba.
piriqiT, aq mravalsaukunovani gamocdileba dagrovda
bunebis sulebTan marTlzomieri urTierTobis damyarebis
sferoSi.
arsebobs antioqiis saeklesio krebis Canawerebi,
saidanac Cans, rom krebis monawileebi sayveduroben
qarTvel qristianebs imis gamo, rom isini did yuradRebas
uTmoben iseT movlenebsa da arsebebs, rogorebicaa:
bunebis sulebi, qaris suli, xis suli, xevis suli, saxlT-
angelozi da a. S.
qarTuli eklesiis bunebis sulierebisadmi Semwyna­
rebluri damokidebuleba saukuneebis manZilze mravali
magaliTiT dasturdeba. Tavad gelaTis akademiis moR­
vaweobis formac amgvari urTierTobebis naTeli
dadasturebaa.
qarTuli eklesiis tolerantuli damokidebuleba
astrologiis sferozec vrceldeba. es ganwyobileba

_ 226 _
TiTqmis ukanasknel saukuneebamde SemorCa. vaxtang VI-
is kanonebSic vxvdebiT Sexedulebas, rom astrologoba
ar aris codva, is ar aris mogvoba, radgan astrologebi
varskvlavebis saSualebiT imas ikvleven, rasac maTiT
RmerTi gangvicxadebs. ese igi, varskvlavTmetyvelebac
uflis gamocxadebis erT-erT formad iyo miRebuli.
swored amitomac saqarTvelos eklesiis farglebSi
Seqmnilia bevri astrologiuri traqtati. maTi udidesi
nawili xelnawerTa institutSia daculi da farTo
sazogadoebisTvis ucnobia.
saqarTveloSi eklesiis amgvari tolerantuli da­
mokidebuleba bunebis sulierebisa da astrologiis
mimarT, bunebrivia, yoveldRiur yofa-cxovrebaSic ai­
saxa. xalxur cnobierebaSi bunebis sulierebis mimarT
Zalze uSualo damokidebuleba arsebobda. amaze
metyveleben is Tqmulebebi da gadmocemebi, romlebic
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi TiTqmis Tanamedrove
epoqamde SemorCa. dRemde arseboben adamianebi, romlebic
dabejiTebiT irwmunebian, rom maT uSualo mimarTeba
aqvT am sulierebasTan. es yovelive Tanamedrove epoqaSi
ukve mkveTrad degradirebuli saxiTaa SemorCenili,
magram arcTu ise Soreul warsulSi mas ufro masobrivi
xasiaTi hqonda.
saukuneebis manZilze, erTi mxriv, monoTeisturi
religiebis _ iudaizmis, qristianobis, islamis farTod
gavrcelebis da, meore mxriv, materialisturi mecnierebis
intensiuri ganviTarebis Sedegad, kacobriobis civili­
zebulma nawilma praqtikulad bunebaSi moqmedi sulieri
Zalebis ignorireba moaxdina. axal garemoSi maTi
aqtualoba SesaZloa marTlac Semcirda, magram rogorc
arsebuli realoba igi Zveleburad arsebobs. gvinda
Tu ara, Cvens yofa-cxovrebaze maTi moqmedeba kvlavac
yoveldRiurad vrceldeba.
Tanamedrove adamiani bunebis sulebs mxolod Zvel

_ 227 _
zRaprebSi, Tqmulebebsa da saojaxo tradiciebSi xvdeba,
magram realurad masTan Sexeba praqtikulad mudmivad
aqvs. fizikuri garemo, romelSic Cven vcxovrobT,
mudmivad zemoqmedebs Cvenze. misgan momdinare suliereba
Tanamedrove cnobierebisTvis uxilavi gaxda, magram amiT
arseboba ar Seuwyvetia.
bunebis sulier arsebebTan uSualo mimarTeba gaci­
lebiT intensiuradaa SenarCunebuli dedamiwis im re­
gionebSi, sadac civilizaciis ufro Zveli fenebia
SemorCenili. avstraliis, afrikis, aziis aborigenul
mosaxleobaSi mas aqtualoba dRemde ar daukargavs.
uZvelesi droidan dedamiwis yvela regionSi ada­
mianebs hqondaT rwmena, rom maT sacxovrebels hyavs
mfarveli sulieri arseba _ saxlis angelozi. es war­
modgena saqarTveloSic farTod iyo gavrcelebuli.
isic yvelasTvis cnobili iyo, rom saxlTan dakav­
Sirebuli sulieri arsebebi zeciuri ierarqiebidan ki
ar momdinareoben, aramed bunebis sulierebis nawils
warmoadgenen _ isini mis saxlSi bunebidan movidnen. maTi
warmomavloba sxvadasxvagvari SeiZleba iyos. magaliTad,
SesaZloa erT-erTi maTgani im xidan mosuliyo, romelic
odesRac am saxlis mSeneblobisas moiWra da rogorc sveti,
an koWi, masSi iqna gamoyenebuli. cocxali xe samSeneblo
masalad gardaiqmna, magram man garkveuli saxiT SeinarCuna
is suliereba, rac cocxal xed arsebobisas hqonda. ese
igi, xis suli ojaxis sulad gardaiqmna. magram am saxlSi
sxvac xom uamravi masala SeiZleba iyos gamoyenebuli.
bunebidan momdinare es elementaruli (ese igi, bunebis
elementebidan momdinare) sulebi qmnian im sulier
garemos, romlis garemocvaSic am ojaxs uwevs cxovreba.
amgvari religiuri ganwyobileba Zvel droSi sruliad
bunebrivi iyo, magram axalma religiurma mimdinareobebma
yuradReba bunebis sulierebidan zeciuri ierarqiebisken
gadaitanes. kacobriobis cnobierebis evoluciis fonze

_ 228 _
bunebis suliereba gafermkrTalda. dasavleTis qveynebSi
misi gancda mxolod calkeul individebs SemorCaT.
xSirad, Tundac aracnobier safexurze, es gancdebi
ZiriTadad im adamianebs aqvT, visac TavianTi yoveldRiuri
saqmianobiT Zalze intimuri urTierToba aqvT cocxal
bunebasTan. maT Soris SeiZleba vigulisxmoT soflis
meurneobaSi moRvawe adamianebic, romlebic TavianTi
yoveldRiuri gamocdilebiT met-naklebad SeigrZnoben
bunebis am cocxal zemoqmedebas.
bunebis sulebi, anu elementebisgan momdinare su­
lebi ar ganixileboda calsaxad, rogorc dadebiTi an
uaryofiTi. bunebis stiqiebSi moqmedi arsebebi adamianis
mimarT SeiZleba yofiliyvnen keTilganwyobilic da
agresiulic. maTi agresiulobis mizezad Tavad adamianis
mier maTi gaRizianeba miiCneoda. magaliTad, wylis
sulebis gaRizianebas Sedegad wyaldidobebi SeiZleba
mohyoloda. didi zianis motana SeeZloT gaRizianebul
haeris sulebsac. maT damangreveli moqmedebebi SeeZloT
gamoewviaT.
bunebis sulebis gaRizianebis mizezi bevri ram SeiZ­
leba yofiliyo. magaliTad, zRvis gabinZureba navTobis am
raime warmoebis narCenebiT, SesaZloa, wylis damangreveli
moqmedebis mizezi gamxdariyo, Tumca es kavSiri mec­
nieruli mizez-Sedegobrivi kanonzomierebebiT ar
SeiZleba ixsnebodes.
rogorc cnobilia, adamianebs Zalian didi ziani
SeiZ­
leba moutanos gvalvianma amindebma. am dros sof­
lis meurneoba SesaZloa mniSvnelovnad dazaraldes.
adamianebs TiTqosda araviTari gavlena ara aqvT am
movlenaze. gvalva bunebis garkveul kanonzomierebaTa
TanxvedriTaa ganpirobebuli.
arsebobs Sexeduleba, rom gvalvis mizezi swored
adamianTa ganwyobilebaSi unda veZeboT. kerZod, adamianebi
mzian aminds karg aminds eZaxian da am dros keTilganwyobas

_ 229 _
avlenen, xolo wvimiani amindi cud amindad iTvleba da
mis mimarT arakeTilganwyobilni arian. mosavlisTvis
mzec saWiroa da wvimac. adamianebis damokidebuleba
ki calmxrivia. ase vlindebian gaRizianebuli bunebis
sulebi, rasac Sedegad gvalva mosdevs. ese igi, TavianTi
ganwyobilebiT adamianebi Tavadve qmnian gvalvas.6,7
saqarTveloSi TiTqmis Cvens epoqamde SemorCa ri­
tualebi, romelTa SesrulebiTac Cveni winaprebi sa­
surveli amindis gamowvevas cdilobdnen. fSav-xevsureTSi
dResacaa salocavebi, saidanac amindze xdeba zemoqmedeba.
magaliTad, fSavSi arsebobs salocavi damastes wminda
giorgi. es aris dar-avdris gamrige xati, sadac xevisberis
erT-erTi amocana dar-avdris regulirebaa.
aseve arsebobs elias salocavebi, romlebic swo­
red Rrublebis mimoqcevasa da amindis cvlilebas gan­
sazRvraven. atmosferul movlenebTanaa dakavSirebuli
xevsureTSi farTod gavrcelebuli qaris uqme. mis
ritualebSi naTlad vlindeba saocrad sulieri damo­
kidebuleba haeris stiqiasTan, anu am stiqiaSi gamovlenil
elementarul arsebebTan.
mTel saqarTveloSi, bolo dros ki mis mTian nawilSi,
Zalze didi pasuxismgeblobiT ekidebodnen bunebis
sulebTan mimarTebas. magaliTad, adamianebi ara mxolod
moelodnen saxlis mfarveli angelozisgan Sewevnas,
aramed Tavadac grZnobdnen pasuxismgeblobas, rom masze
ezrunaT da amiT misi keTilganwyoba moepovebinaT.
yvela morwmune adamianma icoda, rom adamiani, sulieri
TvalsazrisiT, garkveul safexurze imyofeba. angelozi
masze maRali ierarqiuli arsebaa. yovel pirovnebas hyavs
Tavisi mfarveli angelozi. mTavarangelozebi adamianTa
did jgufebs mfarveloben. eris sulebi swored
mTavarangelozTa ierarqiaze ganixilebian.
elementaruli arsebebi TavianTi ierarqiiT adamianze
ufro dabla dganan. SeiZleba warmovidginoT, rom adamians

_ 230 _
daaxloebiT iseTive mimarTeba aqvs elementarul suleb­
Tan, rogoric angelozebs adamianebTan. materialisturi
azrovnebis gaRrmavebasTan erTad adamianebi sul ufro
da ufro naklebad acnobiereben TavianT movaleobebs
bunebasTan mimarTebaSi. faqtobrivad, isini uars amboben
bunebis sulebis mfarvelobaze.
sulier cxovrebaSi sapirispiro suraTsac xSirad
vxvdebiT. magaliTad, roca glexi keTilsindisierad
asrulebs Tavis movaleobas, roca igi WeSmarit
siyvarulsa da mzrunvelobas iCens mcenareebis mimarT,
marTlzomierad amuSavebs miwas, amiT igi ganviTarebaSi
exmareba im elementarul sulebs, romlebic misi
saqmianobis arealSi xvdebian. sxvanairad rom vTqvaT,
glexi angeloziviT evlineba am bunebis sulebs. maTac
garkveuli molodini aqvT misgan.
dReisTvis praqtikulad samecniero donezea aRia­re­
buli, rom miwisZvrebTan Zalze mWidrodaa dakavSirebu­li
im xalxis ganwyobileba, romelic im regionSi cxovrobs.
Tu es regioni seismurad aqtiur zonaSia, miwisZvris
gaaqtiureba SeiZleba gamoiwvios raime gamaRizianebelma
faqtorma, romelic am adamianebs masobrivad moicavs.
ZiriTadad, es SeiZleba iyos eTnokonfliqti, an raime
mizeziT xalxTa urTierTdapirispireba. adamianebSi dag­
rovili uaryofiTi emociuri muxti TiTqosda dedamiwas
gadaecema da provocirebas ukeTebs mis siRrmeSi
mimdinare procesebs, rasac SeiZleba miwisZvra mohyves.
es kavSiri, cxadia, mecnierulad ar ixsneba da mxolod
empiriuli dakvirvebis donezea dafiqsirebuli. Tumca
mravalsaukunovani dakvirveba cxadad metyvelebs aRniS­
nuli kavSiris arsebobaze.
dReisTvis Zalze mniSvnelovan movlenebTanaa dakavSi­
rebuli erTi SexedviT iseTi Cveulebrivi saqmianoba,
rogoricaa miwis wiaRidan navTobis mopoveba. navTobi da
qvanaxSiri is produqtebia, romelTa warmoqmnasac Zalian

_ 231 _
didi dro dasWirda. maTi nivTieri winaprebi odesRac
mcenareebis saxiT dedamiwis zedapirze cxovrobdnen.
aTasobiT wlebis win isini miwis wiaRSi aRmoCndnen.
navTobis mopovebis procesSi Cven maT kvlav dedamiwis
zedapirze vabrunebT.
Zvel droSi adamianebs Zalze frTxili damokidebuleba
hqondaT miwaSi CaRrmavebasTan dakavSirebiT. mudmivar
arsebobda SiSi, rom miwaSi Rrmulebis amoRebisas iqidan
raRac negatiuri arsebebi SeiZleba gaaqtiurebuliyvnen.
iseTi siRrmiseuli burRvebi, rac dReisTvis xorcieldeba,
maTTvis sruliad warmoudgeneli iyo.
saqarTveloSic zogierT raionSi dRemdea SemorCenili
tradicia, rom mzis Casvlis Semdeg miwis dabarva ar
SeiZleba. miwis gadabrunebisas mas aucileblad mzis
sxivi, anu sinaTle unda moxvdes.
kavkasiaSi farTod iyo gavrcelebuli tradicia, rom
saxlis saZirkvlis amoTxris Semdeg es Txrilebi didxans
unda darCeniliyo mzis moqmedebis qveS. iTvleboda,
rom masSi cxovrobs gveli, romelic Semdeg am saxlis
mfarvelad unda iqces da saWiroa misi mzis sxivebiT
gakeTilSobileba.
miwaSi CaRrmavebis SiSi qvecnobierad yvela xalxSi
arsebobda. yvelgan arsebobda warmodgena, rom am dros
raRac sulieri arsebebi (Zalebi) gamoTavisufldebian da
SesaZloa maTi moqmedeba negatiuri iyos.
imave ganwyobilebidan momdinareobs saxlis saZir­
kvelSi oqros fulebis Cayoleba. oqro mzis metalia.
igi TiTqosda mzis sulier Zalebs `aireklavs~, garemos
gadascems. saZirkvelSi CayolebiT oqros mzis Zalebi
Caaqvs gaTxril miwaSi da am gziT akeTilSobilebs iq
gamoTavisuflebul elementarul arsebebs (anu fuZis
gvels).
roca Cven miwis wiaRidan viRebT navTobs, am dros,
faqtobrivad, substanciebis saxiT dedamiwaze vabrunebT

_ 232 _
mis Zalze Soreul warsuls. arsebobs mosazreba, rom am
garemoSi aqtiurad moqmedeben gaRizianebuli bunebis
sulebi. isini stimulacias uweven adamianTa iseT
unarebs, rasac SeuZlia radikaluri nacionalisturi
ganwyobileba gamoiwvios. navTobis mopovebis regionebSi
xSiria terorizmisken midrekileba.
dRevandeli SexedulebiT, materia mxolod materi­
aluri samyaros kanonzomierebebs eqvemdebareba, nebis­
mieri samSeneblo masalis daxasiaTeba SeiZleba misi qimiuri
Semadgenlobis, fizikur-meqanikuri maxasiaTeblebis mi­
xed­viT. magaliTad, Tu xis morisgan moxdeba raime nivTis
damzadeba, samecniero TvalsazrisiT, cxadia, am masalis
Semadgenloba, an fizikur-meqanikuri Sedgeniloba ar
icvleba. cvlileba mxolod formas exeba.
Zvelad masalebisa da nivTebis mimarT mkveTrad
gansxvavebuli, ufro sulieri damokidebuleba arse­
bobda. udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeboda imas, Tu
konkretulad romelma pirovnebam Seqmna es nivTi
da rogori iyo misi sulieri ganwyobileba am nivTze
muSaobis procesSi. iTvleba, rom rodesac adamiani raime
masalaze muSaobs, mas am Sromis procesSi sakuTari
Sinagani `sinaTle~ Seaqvs materiaSi. amitomac xeliT
Sesrulebul nakeTobebs gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba
eniWeba. adamiani qvecnobierad grZnobs, Tu ra sulieri
Zalebis matarebelia esa Tu is nivTi. keTilganwyobili
ostatis naxelavSi dadebiTi energetikaa.
roca nivTebi sruliad meqanikurad, magaliTad,
industriul garemoSi iqmnebian, roca maT mimarT
adamianebs araviTari grZnobadi damokidebuleba ara
aqvT, maT meqanikuri danadgarebi avtomaturad xerxaven
da amuSaveben, am dros, piriqiT, am nivTebs is Sinagani
`sinaTlec~ ki erTmevaT, rac maT bunebidan mohyvebodaT.
swored amitomac nivTebis saxlSi Setanas Rrma
sulieri mniSvneloba eniWeboda. maTTan erTad ojaxSi an

_ 233 _
pozitiuri, an negatiuri ganwyobileba Semodis. Semdeg
ki maTgan momdinare zemoqmedeba wlebis ganmavlobaSi
grZeldeba da am saxlSi mcxovreb adamianebs gadaecema.
nivTebi qmnian erTgvar auras, romelSic adamianebi
TavianTi cxovrebis did nawils ise atareben, rom maTi
arsebobis Sesaxeb araferi ician. ese igi, roca xe tyeSi
moiWreba, mas ukve Tan axlavs sakuTari `energetika~.
Semdgomi damuSavebis procesSi mas mniSvnelovani im­
pulsebi ukve Tavad adamianisgan emateba. es gardaqmnili
materia Cvens saxlSi SeiZleba moxvdes kar-fanjris,
iatakis ficris, parketis, karadis, sxvadasxva avejisa
da nivTebis saxiT. mas Tan mosdevs Tavisi `istoriiT~
gansazRvruli zemoqmedebis unari. isini Cveni cxovrebis
xangrZlivi Tanamgzavrebi xdebian da didi doziT gan­
sazRvraven Cvens yoveldRiur dadebiT Tu uaryofiT
ganwyobilebas.
xis nivTebSi narCundeba im xeebis niSnebi, romli­
danacaa Seqmnili. xis saxlebSi es sakiTxi kidev ufro
aqtualuria, radgan xis moculoba didia. xis saxlSi
ukve Zalze didi winapirobebia Seqmnili am masalebis
`warsulidan~ gamomdinare. xeebidan mosuli arsebebi
qmnian saxlis Sinagan `siTbos~. iTvleba, rom es sulebi
gansakuTrebiT pozitiurad aqtiurebi xdebian, roca
adamianebi maT garkveuli saxiT `mimarTaven~, ese igi,
raRac mimarTeba gaaCniaT maT mimarT. roca adamiani
srul ignorirebas ukeTebs maTi arsebobis faqtsac
ki, roca sruliad gulgrilia maT mimarT, amiT maTi
keTilganwyobac mcirdeba da gaRizianebul elementarul
sulebad gvevlinebian. amis gamo maTi moqmedebac ukve
negatiuria da am saxlSi mcxovrebTa ganwyobilebazec
vrceldeba.
yvelas aqvs intuiciuri gancda, rom winaparTa naqoni
Zveli nivTebi ojaxSi raRac dadebiT auras qmnian. maT
TiTqos is siyvarulis Zalebi mohyvebaT, romelic mis

_ 234 _
Zvel mflobelTan iyo dakavSirebuli. TiTqos odesRac
maT Zveli mflobelebisgan raRac energetikuli Zalebi
SeiZines da axla uwyvetad asxiveben.
esec nivTebTan damokidebulebis garkveuli saxea.
Cven maTSi vixsenebT CvenTvis Zvirfas adamianebs. cxadia,
adamiani am TvalsazrisiT naklebad fiqrobs saxlis sxva
Semadgenel nawilebze _ iatakze, kar-fanjaraze. maTSi
arsebuli elementaruli arsebebi TiTqosda yuradRebas
moiTxoven adamianisgan.
ese igi, sagnebi da samSeneblo masalebi, romlebic
Cvens sacxovreblebSi ikribebian, aqamde TavianTi gan­
vlili istoriiT modian. maT Tan moaqvT is Sinagani
energetika, erTgvari Sinagani `siTbo~, rac mravali wlis
manZilze sxvadasxva garemoSia Camoyalibebuli. Zveli
adamianebi mas ojaxis mfarvel angelozs uwodebdnen,
radgan qvecnobierad mudam grZnobdnen mis arsebobas.
isini didi sifrTxiliT ekidebodnen mis ganwyobilebas.
icodnen, rom maTdami yuradReba mniSvnelovania
ojaxisTvis.
ojaxis sulebTan damokidebulebis tradiciebi
msoflios yvela xalxs hqonda. bevrgan es warmodgenebi
dRemdea SemorCenili. xSirad maT sruliad aracnobieri
da atavisturi xasiaTi aqvT. zogjer maTi gamovlineba
komikur saxemdea dayvanili, magram rogorc realoba,
misi ugulebelyofa ar aris marTebuli.
saxlis elementaruli sulieri samyaros Camoyalibeba
Zalze Taviseburad xdeba rkina-betonis saxlSi. rkina-
betoni, rogorc masala, Sedgeba ori erTmaneTisgan
radikalurad gansxvavebuli masalis erTobisgan. es aris
betoni da liToni. arc erTi maTgani bunebaSi am saxiT
ar arsebobs. betoni xelovnuri qvaa. adamianma betoni da
liToni erTmaneTTan xelovnurad daakavSira.
ese igi, adamianma xelovnurad Seqmna betoni da
armatura da Semdeg isini erTmaneTTan SeaerTa.

_ 235 _
 SeiZleba iTqvas, rom betonis da armaturis ele­
mentaruli sulebi adamianis CareviT Seqmnili `klonebia~.
amis garda, mSeneblobis procesSi adamianma isini
erTmaneTs daukavSira (erTmaneTze `daaqorwina~).
amas emateba isic, rom es masalebi industriuli
gziTaa miRebuli. cxadia, arc betonis da arc liTonis
qarxnebi ar acnobiereben TavianT pasuxismgeblobas,
`mamobriobas~ am axlad dabadebuli sulieri arsebebis
mimarT. maTi ara marto dabadeba, aramed qorwinebac
xelovnuri gziT moxda. isini dedamiwaze adamianis nebiT
movidnen. amgvari saxlis agebis Semdeg am sulebidan
yalibdeba am saxlis `fuZis angelozi~. es arsebiTad ufro
rTuli pirobaa, vidre xis saxlis SemTxvevaSi. aq arsebul
naerTSi (rkina-betonSi) Tavidanve Cadebulia Sinagani
konfliqti am or xelovnur masalas Soris. maT Soris
TiTqosda Sinagani brZola mimdinareobs, rac garkveuli
saxiT am saxlSi mcxovrebTa samSvinvelebzec moqmedebs.
iqmneba erTgvari negatiuri aura, rasac mgrZnobiare
adamiani qvecnobierad grZnobs kidec rkina-betonis
saxlebSi yofnisas. bevr adamians aqvs gancda, rom xis an
aguris saxlSi Tavs kargad grZnobs, xolo rkina-betonis
saxlSi _ cudad. xSirad amas imiT xsnian, rom xis an aguris
saxli `sunTqavs~, xolo rkina-betonisa _ ara. es gancda
sworia, magram `sunTqva~ pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT ar unda
gavigoT. es adamianis qvecnobieri gancdaa. sinamdvileSi
masze is elementaruli arsebebi moqmedeben, romlebic am
saxlis masalebisgan momdinareoben. isini qmnian am binis
`sulier klimats~.
samSeneblo masalebis garda Zalian didi mniSvneloba
aqvs, sxva ra masalebiTaa Semosili saxlis konstruqciebi.
adamians aqvs arCevani, rom iataki an xis masalisgan
gaakeTos, an raime xelovnuri masalisgan. igive Se­
exeba kar-fanjaras, Weris, kedlebis mopirkeTebas.
mniSvnelovania, Tu ra masaliTaa damzadebuli oTaxebSi

_ 236 _
ganTavsebuli aveji. isinic SeiZleba iyos bunebrivi
masalebic da xelovnuric. maT Soris radikaluri
gansxvavebaa. roca masala bunebrivic kia, rogorc zemoT
aRvniSneT, imasac didi mniSvneloba aqvs, visgan da ra
pirobebSia igi Seqmnili. ase rom, saxlis mSeneblobisas
Zalze bevri faqtorisgan iqmneba is sulieri garemo,
romelSic adamianebs TavianTi cxovrebis didi nawilis
gatareba uwevT.
ukanasknel periodSi binebis Sida mopirkeTeba Zi­
riTadad xelovnuri masalebisgan keTdeba. am sferoSi
bunebrivi masalebi Zalian didi moculobiT Caanacvla im
xelovnurma masalebma, romlebic navTobis narCenebisgan
mzaddeba. yvela saxis plastikatebi swored navTobis
gadamuSavebiT miiReba. ese igi, Cven milioni wlebis
winandeli cocxali masala jer miwis wiaRidan zedapirze
davabruneT, xolo Semdeg is Cvens sacxovreblebSi Semo­
vitaneT. maT saSualebas vaZlevT intensiurad imoqmedon
Cvenze.
rogorc gamokvlevebi aCvenebs, am zemoqmedebas
mniSvnelovani Sedegebi mosdevs. ramdenadac es masalebi
dedamiwis Soreuli warsulidan xelovnurad davabruneT,
iTvleba, rom maT mniSvnelovani disonansi SeaqvT
adamianisgan warsulis gancdaSi. adamianis cnobierebaSi
irRveva warsulis jansaRi gancda. milioni wlis win
`gardacvlil~ xes, romelic axla Cvens binaSi plastmasis
saxiT mogvevlina, im Soreuli warsulis naSTebi Semoaqvs
da es zemoqmedeba aSkarad aramarTlzomieria. amis gar­
da, am xelovnuri masalebis zemoqmedeba konfliqtSi
modis saxlis im sulier garemosTanac, romelic saxlis
agebisas gamoyenebuli masalebisganaa Camoyalibebuli.
im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu es masalebi bunebrivia, mo­
pirkeTebis xelovnuri masalebi maT xels uSlian jansaRi
sulieri klimatis SeqmnaSi. am SemTxvevaSi adgili aqvs
elementaruli arsebebis dapirispirebas. Tu saxlic

_ 237 _
xelovnuri masalebiTaa agebuli, amiT, cxadia, saxlis
aura kidev ufro mZimdeba. am dros warmoiqmneba ara­
jansaRi sivrcis klimati.
navTobis narCenebis, anu dedamiwis Soreuli warsulis
sacxovrebelSi dabrunebis Semdeg, maTi zemoqmedebiT,
mcxovreblebs uviTardebaT warsulis mZafri gancda.
garegnulad is SesaZloa raime nacionalistur gan­
wyobilebaSic ki gamoixatos. SeiZleba is garkveulad
patriotizmis saxiTac gamovlindes, magram `warmarTuli~
sulebis zemoqmedebiT arsebobs misi radikaluri,
aramarTlzomieri saxiT Camoyalibebis saSiSroeba.
bevri plastmasis garemo, sulieri ganwyobilebis sa­
pi­rispirod, adamianSi zedmetad racionaluri azrovnebis
ganviTarebis stimulirebas axdens. garegnulad SesaZloa
miviRoT Sedegi, rom mcxovreblebi Zalze praqtikulad
azrovneben, bavSvebi naadrevad `dabrZendnen~, isini
adreul asakSive Zalze praqtikulad aRiqvamen cxovrebas.
yovelive es SesaZloa pozitiuradac ki gamoiyurebodes,
magram ufro globalurad ganxilvis SemTxvevaSi uTuod
aRmoCndeba, rom es mdgomareoba aramarTlzomieria da
adamianTa evoluciis procesSi negatiur Sedegebs iZleva.
adamianSi viTardeba momxveWelobisken miswrafeba.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, bunebrivi masalebis gamo­
yenebis SemTxvevaSic didi mniSvneloba aqvs am masalebis
saxeobas. magaliTad, binaSi xis parketis dageba, mar­
Talia, bunebrivi masalis gamoyenebas niSnavs, magram
gasaTvaliswinebelia, Tu romeli jiSis xisgan mzaddeba
es parketi. Tu adamians zedmetad aqtiuri, erTgvarad
agresiuli xasiaTi aqvs, ar aris sasurveli mis binaSi
muxis parketi egos. Tu adamiani Sinagani nebis Zalebis
sisustes ganicdis, maSin piriqiT, swored muxis parketi
mianiWebs stimuls am Zalebis gaaqtiurebisTvis.
nevrozuli adamianebisTvis sasurvelia parketis
masalad is xeebi iyos gamoyenebuli, romlebic uaryofiTi

_ 238 _
energetikiT xasiaTdebian da misgan dagrovil zedmet
muxts `gaiwoven~, adamians erTgvarad ganmuxtaven
zedmeti aRgznebisgan. am SemTxvevaSi sasurveli ar aris
wiwviani xeebis parketis gamoyeneba. isini kidev ufro
amZafreben aRgznebas.
ase rom, rogorc parketis, aseve kar-fanjris,
avejis an mosapirkeTebeli masalebisTvis bunebrivi xis
masalis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSic ki mniSvnelovania xis
Sesabamisi jiSebis SerCeva. igive Seexeba qvis masalebsac.
mineralebisgan ara mxolod kedlebi igeba, aramed
igi farTod gamoiyeneba binebis Sida mopirkeTebaSic.
mineralebisgan mzaddeba kibis safexurebi, iatakebi,
kedlebis Selesvebi da mopirkeTebebi, Weris Selesvebi.
ese igi, bunebrivi masalebis SerCevisas, didi mniS­
vneloba aqvs maT energetikul moqmedebas, rac swored
im elementaruli arsebebis moqmedebiT gamoixateba,
romlebic am masalebTanaa dakavSirebuli.
Zvelad am masalebis SerCevisas winaswar dgeboda
mobinadreTa astrologiuri horoskopebi da zodiaqoTa
da planetaTa urTierTTavsebadobis mixedviT irCeoda
masalebi.
dReisTvis es praqtika aRarc Seesabameba Cveni epoqis
suliskveTebas da, amdenad, daviwyebulicaa.
miuxedavad zemoT gamoTqmuli radikaluri mosazre­
bebisa, cxadia, ar unda vifiqroT, rom kacobrioba
industriul mSeneblobas Sewyvets da kvlav xis an
bunebrivi qvis saxlebSi dabrundeba. verc xelovnuri
masalebi gaqreba Cveni cxovrebidan. organulma qimiam
navTobis narCenebis gadamuSavebis gziT Seqmna iafi
da amave dros, Zalze efeqturi xelovnuri masalebi.
kacobrioba arc am progresze ityvis uars.
rom ar arsebobdes rkina-betonisa da metalis Ta­
namedrove masalebi, kacobrioba kvlav erT-orsarTulian
saxlebSi icxovrebda da msoflio urbanizaciis prob­

_ 239 _
lemebis gadawyveta sruliad SeuZlebeli iqneboda.
is, rac mSeneblobaSi xdeba, sakacobrio evoluciis
bunebrivi Sedegia, misgan gaRebuli erTgvari msxverplia
sxva mniSvnelovani amocanebis gadawyvetis gzaze.
kacobriobis sulieri cxovrebis dakninebac xom is
mniSvnelovani msxverplia, romelic racionaluri cno­
bierebis da individualobis ganviTarebis process
Seewira. sacxovrebelSi masalebis cvlilebac am zogadi
evoluciuri kanonzomierebebis nawilia.
kacobrioba warsulSi arasodes dabrundeba, magram
axali epoqis mier motanili problemebis gacnobiereba
aucilebelia imisTvis, rom swored Tanamedrove epo­
qaSi davsaxoT civilizaciis motanili negatiuri zemoq­
medebisgan Tavis dacvis gzebi, misi Sedegebis sasikeTod
gamoyeneba SevZloT.
xelovnuri samSeneblo, mosapirkeTebeli masalebisa
da sxva nivTebis negatiuri sivrciTi klimatis gasa­
neitraleblad adamians mravali saxis Zalisxmeva SeuZlia
ganaxorcielos.
upirveles yovlisa, unda aRvniSnoT, rom saukuneTa
manZilze samSeneblo masalebis SecvlasTan erTad Tavad
adamianic mkveTrad Seicvala.
Cven bunebrivad gagvaCnia garemosTan adaptaciis
unari. aRniSnuli zemoqmedebis mimarT dRevandeli ada­
miani bevrad ufro mdgradia, vidre saukuneebis winandeli
adamiani.
amis garda, sacxovreblis sulieri klimatis gajansa­
Rebis mravali gzac arsebobs. religiuri cxovrebis
doneze am mxriv, erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebulia
sacxovreblis kurTxeva. es, faqtobrivad, swored is
ritualia, romlis pirdapiri daniSnuleba sacxovreblis
sulieri klimatis gaumjobesebaa. kurTxevis dros
xdeba sulieri zemoqmedeba im elementarul arsebebze,
romlebic sacxovreblis sferoSi arseboben da romlebic

_ 240 _
erTobliobaSi gansazRvraven mis uxilav saxes.
sacxovreblis sulier garemoze zemoqmedeba SesaZ­
lebelia am sivrceSi iseTi nivTebis SemotaniT, romelTac
pozitiuri aura aqvT. nebismieri nivTi, romelic
didi siyvaruliTaa damzadebuli da raRac pozitiuri
ganwyobilebaa miniWebuli, Tavis mxriv, gamajansaReblad
moqmedebs sacxovreblis garemoze. am SemTxvevaSi Se­
saZloa gadamwyveti mniSvneloba arc hqondes mis
mxatvrul Rirebulebas. ufro mniSvnelovania xolme is
energetika, riTac isinia damuxtuli, erTi mxriv, TavianTi
warsulidan da meore mxriv, maTi Seqmnis procesidan.
aseve gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba am saxlSi
mcxovrebi adamianebis religiur ganwyobilebas. adamians
yoveldRiuri sulieri cxovrebiT, locviT an zogadad
sulieri ganwyobilebiT mkveTrad SeuZlia Secvalos
sakuTari sacxovreblis sulieri klimati. samSeneblo
masalebi da nivTebi ZiriTadad mxolod fons qmnian.
maTi moqmedebis ugulebelyofa ar SeiZleba, magram
gadamwyveti mniSvneloba mainc im adamianebs eniWebaT,
vinc am sacxovrebelSi cxovroben. mis sulier klimats
umTavresad swored isini qmnian. kedlebidan moqmedi
arsebebi adamianze dabali sulieri arsebebi arian.
ojaxSi arsebuli ganwyobileba uSualod gadaecema
elementarul arsebebs da arsebiTad gansazRvravs maT
keTilganwyobilebas an, piriqiT, gaRizianebas. Tumca es
kavSiri qvecnobieria, magram igi mudmivad arsebobs.

rkina-betonis Seqmna

zemoT Cven mokled SevexeT iseT mniSvnelovan

xelovnur masalas, rogoricaa rkina-betoni. Tanamedrove
samSeneblo industria mis gareSe praqtikulad warmo­
udgenelia. amjerad ufro farTod ganvixiloT is
_ 241 _
aspeqtebic, rac am masalis Seqmnis procesSi gamovlinda.
kacobriobas didi Zalisxmeva dasWirda imisTvis,
rom Seeqmna iseTi mniSvnelovani samSeneblo masala,
rogoricaa rkina-betoni. es masala XIX saukunis bolos
gamoCnda. erTi saukunis ganmavlobaSi man mTeli
planeta moicva da umTavres samSeneblo masalad iqca.
mSeneblobaSi rkina-betonis danergvas mecnierebisa da
teqnikis mravalsaukunovani ganviTareba uswrebda win.
faqtobrivad, igi racionaluri cnobierebis ganviTarebis
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani produqtia.
rogorc iTqva, rkina-betoni miiReba ori xelovnuri
masalis kombinirebisgan. erTi mxriv, es aris betoni,
xolo, meore mxriv, _ liToni. betoni xelovnuri qvaa,
Tumca misi Semadgeneli masalebi bunebidanaa aRebuli.
betonSi Sedis qva da qviSa, romlebic siliciumis
naerTebia da cementi, romelic kirqvidan, anu kalciumis
naerTidan miiReba. cementi, Tavis mxriv, kiris gardaqmniT
iqna miRebuli. es faqtori gadamwyveti iyo, radgan
kiris gamoyeneba liTonTan erTad SeuZlebelia. kiri
liTonis korozias iwvevs. sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, kiri
liTons `Wams~. specialuri teqnologiiT kiri cementad
gardaiqmna. mas daemata Tixa da masTan erTad gamoiwva.
am gziT igi neitraluri gaxda liTonis mimarT. kirqva
da rkina erTmaneTTan `morigda~. maT ukve SeZles rkina-
betonSi erToblivad arseboba. Tavis mxriv, rkina-
betonSi arsebuli liTonic ar warmoadgens bunebriv
rkinas. bunebaSi arsebuli rkina rbili nivTierebaa. misi
simtkicis amaRlebis da gardaqmnis gareSe rkina-betonSi
gamoyeneba SeuZlebelia. aseve xelovnuri gziT moxda
rkinaSi naxSirbadis damateba, riTac misi simtkicec
amaRlda da betonTanac Tanxmieri damokidebuleba
dam­
yarda. betons da samSeneblo liTons msgavsi
temperaturuli gafarToebis xasiaTi aRmoaCndaT, riTac
SesaZlebeli gaxda maTi erT sxeulSi gaerTianeba.

_ 242 _
 ese igi, adamianma ori SedarebiT susti da erTmaneTTan
Seurigebeli masala _ kiri da rkina ise gardaqmna,
rom maTi simtkicec gaizarda da erTad gamoyenebac
SesaZlebeli gaxda. ase miviReT rkina-betoni. misgan ki
ukve nebismieri formis xelovnuri, mtkice qvis Seqmna
gaxda SesaZlebeli.
axla zemoT moTxrobili movlenebi gansxvavebul
konteqstSi ganvixiloT:
warmovidginoT, rom mravali saukunis win vinme
astrologiaSi ganswavlul qurums gansaxilvelad wa­
rudgines rkina-betonis Seqmnis proeqti, kerZod kirqvisa
da rkinis SeerTebis idea.
cxadia, igi upirveles yovlisa, Tavis astrologiur
traqtatSi Caixedavda. es traqtati ki aseT suraTs
warmogvidgenda:
rogorc zemoTac iyo naCvenebi, dedamiwaze arsebuli
mineralebi garkveuli zodiaquri areebis gavlenis
qveS imyofebian. am zodiaqoebidan momdinare Zalebi am
mineralebSi moqmedeben.
gansxvavebuli suraTia metalebTan dakavSirebiT.
dedamiwaze metalebi planetaruli Zalebis ganmacxa­
deblebi arian. yovel metalSi Sesabamisi planetis
gavlenaa mocemuli.
planetebi, TavianT mxriv, zodiaqoebis gaswvriv
gadaadgildebian da maT gavlenas ganicdian. zodiaqoebi
maTi Zalis gamovlenas an aZliereben, an asusteben. Zveli
astrologiis mixedviT, diferencirebulia zodiaqoebis
mixedviT planetaruli Zalebis gamovlenis oTxi
safexuri. roca planeta romelime zodiaqoSi imyofeba,
ganixileba misi SesaZlo oTxi mdgomareoba. am planetas
SesaZloa `saxli~ hqondes am zodiaqoSi. es niSnavs, rom
am zodiaqoSi yofnis periodSi misi Zalebi maqsimalurad
iqneba gamovlenili. zodiaqo xels uwyobs mis aqtivobas.
planetis meore mdgomareobas ewodeba `amaRleba~.

_ 243 _
am drosac aqtiuria planetis Zalebi, magram igi
`intensivobiT~ CamorCeba `saxlis~ mdgomareobas. mesame
SemTxvevaSi planetis Zalebi SeiZleba ukve piriqiT,
Sesustebuli iyos. ese igi, am zodiaqoSi yofnisas planeta
Tavis damaxasiaTebel impulsebs Sesustebulad avlens.
am mdgomareobas astrologiis enaze `dacema~ ewodeba.
planeta zogierT zodiaqoSi srulad neitralizebu­
lia. misi zemoqmedebis unari minimumamdea dayvanili.
ese igi, es zodiaqo misTvis araxelsayreli garemoa. am
zodiaqos gavlis periodSi misi gavlena dedamiwis mimarT
umniSvneloa. am mdgomareobas `gandevna~ ewodeba.
yvela palenetas Tav-Tavisi `saxli~, `amaRleba~,
`dacema~ da `gandevna~ aqvs. sxvadasxva zodiaqo sxvadasxva
planetaze sxvadasxvanairad moqmedebs.
rkina-betonis sakiTxis ganxilvisas, rodesac qurumi
astrologiur traqtatSi Caixedavda, naxavda, rom
kirqva (rasac Tanamedrove enaze kalciumis substancia
Seesabameba) dakavSirebulia sasworis zodiaqosTan.
radgan proeqtis mixedviT, rkina unda moxvdes kirqvasTan
erTad, dasadgenia ra damokidebulebaa rkinis Sesabamis
planetasa da am zodiaqos Soris. rkina marsis metalia.
rogorc mcenareTa samyaroSi muxa, aseve metalebidan
rkina marsis Zalebis gamomxatvelia. ra damokidebulebac
sasworis zodiaqos aqvs marsTan, igive aisaxeba kiris
damokidebulebaSi rkinasTan.
rogorc astrologiuri traqtatidan irkveva,
sasworis zodiaqoSi marsi `gandevnilia~. ese igi, misi
Zalebi minimaluria, rac niSnavs, rom kirSi rkinis Cadeba
dauSvebelia. kiri da rkina erTad ver Tanaarseboben. es
astrologiuri daskvna srulad Seesabameba realobas.
kiri rkinas Wams. kirSi rkinis ganTavsebiT samSeneblo
masala ver miiReba.
Zveli astrologebi sakiTxs albaT ase gadawyvetdnen:
igive traqtatis mixedviT, rkinas (anu marss) Zalze kargi

_ 244 _
damokidebuleba aqvs verZis zodiaqosTan. aq marss `saxli~
aqvs, rac imas niSnavs, rom misi Zalebi maqsimaluradaa
gamoxatuli. verZis zodiaqos masalebi dedamiwaze
siliciumis naerTebia. aseTi naerTebia qviSa, `riyis~ qva.
isini saerTod ar erCian rkinas. maTSi rkinis ganTavseba
sruliad uxifaToa. Tu kirqvas am substanciebs SevurevT,
amiT mkveTrad SevamcirebT mis agresias rkinis mimarT.
rkina-betonis Sesaqmnelad es erTi operacia mainc ar
iqneba sakmarisi. kiris agresiis Sesamcireblad saWiroa
isic gardavqmnaT.
imave traqtatis mixedviT, dedamiwaze kidev arsebobs
erTi masala, romelic aseve `keTilganwyobilia~ rkinis
mimarT. es aris Tixa (aluminis naerTi). mas ciur
areSi Txis rqa Seesabameba. Txis rqis zodiaqoSi marsi
`amaRlebulia~. ese igi, es zodiaqo xels uwyobs misi
Zalebis gamovlenas.
ese igi, Tu kirs Tixas davumatebT, misi agresiuloba
rkinis mimarT mkveTrad Semcirdeba. marTlac, kirs Tixa
daemata, erTad gamoiwva da kiris nacvlad cementi miviReT.
amiT simtkicec gaizarda da rkinis mimarT agresiulobac
Semcirda. Semdeg ukve cements didi moculobis inertuli
masala _ qviSa da RorRi (siliciumis naerTebi) daemata
da wyalTan Serevis Semdeg miviReT betoni. aseTi saxis
betonSi ukve SesaZlebeli gaxda liTonis ganTavseba.
rkinis betonSi ganTavsebas kidev erTi procesi
uZRvoda win. Tavad rkinac unda gardaqmniliyo, rom
misi kirTan Tanxmoba ufro harmoniuli gamxdariyo. mas
naxSirbadi daemata.
am movlenis fizikur mxares Tu ganvixilavT, es
sruliad logikuria _ rbili rkinisgan mtkice liToni
miviReT (naxSirbadis rkinaze damatebiT foladi miiReba),
magram am movlenas astrologiuri mxarec aqvs. naxSirbadi
morielis (Rriankalis) zodiaqos gavlenis qveS imyofeba.
morielis zodiaqoSi marsi `amaRlebulia~. amitom gaxda

_ 245 _
sasurveli rkinaSi naxSirbadis Sereva. amiT dadebiTi
efeqti iqna miRweuli. rkina sasurveli mimarTulebiT
iqna gardaqmnili.
rogorc vxedavT, rkinisa da kiris erTmaneTTan
dakavSireba Zalze rTuli procesi yofila. elementebis
sulebis enaze rom vTqvaT, rkinisa da kiris Sesabamisi
sulieri arsebebis erTmaneTze `daqorwineba~ Zalda­
tanebiT momxdara. orive maTganze didi zemoqmedeba
ganuxorcielebiaT. isini srulad gardauqmniaT, vid­
re rkina-betonis samSeneblo masalis saxiT Cvens
sacxovrebelSi moxvdebodnen. maT urTierTobaSi jer
kidevaa SemorCenili Zveli `konfliqtis~ narCenebi,
rac Cvens ganwyobilebazec gadmoecema. Tumca, rogorc
aRiniSna, adamians sakmaod bevri saSualeba aqvs mis
gasaneitraleblad.
amdeni gardaqmnis procesSi, marTalia, saboloo
Sedegi miRweul iqna da kirisa da rkinis qimiuri qorwili
Sedga, magram maTi Sesabamisi arsebebi am procesSi Zalze
Seviwrovdnen _ rkina-betonSi erTgvarad `gaiWeWynen~. es
ukve garkveuli safuZvelia maTi gaRizianebisTvis. maT
mimarT gamovlenili Zaladoba saxlis mcxovreblebsac
didad azaralebs.
marTalia, Tanamedrove rkina-betonis qarxnebi vard-
yvavilebiT morTuli araa, magram, faqtobrivad, iq
erTmaneTisTvis ori saZulveli arsebis, kirisa da rkinis
qimiuri qorwili mimdinareobs.
miuxedavad amisa, rkinis aseTi `Zaladobis~ gziT
mosvla Cvens sacxovrebelSi SemTxveviTi ar aris.
aRniSnul istoriul process Tan axlda Tavad adamianis
mkveTri gardaqmnac. masSi ukanasknel saukuneebSi Zalze
gaZlierda misi individualobis, `me~-s Zalebi. swored
es Zalebia dakavSirebuli rkinis substanciasTan.
sacxovrebelSi rkinis `SemoWraSi~ mxolod negatiuri
mxare ar unda davinaxoT. rkinis da adamianis daaxloeba

_ 246 _
mravalsaukunovani procesia da igi evoluciis kanon­
zomierebiTaa gansazRvruli.
adamianis racionaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebac,
miuxedavad imisa, rom igi sulieri dacemis xarjze
moxda, kacobriobis istoriis realuri gzaa. samSeneblo
masalebis enaze, igi Cvens sacxovrebelSi xelovnuri
masalebis SemoWriT gamoixata.
adamianis mizani evoluciis procesis SeCereba ver
iqneba. mTavaria imis gacnobiereba, Tu ra unda davu­
pirispiroT am evoluciis negatiur mxares, ra gziT
SevZloT misi ganeitraleba _ adamianis WeSmariti
sulieri saxis SenarCuneba da ganviTareba.
Zvelad Tu mecnierul-teqnikuri ganviTarebis para­
lelurad Zalze aqtualuri iyo racionaluri cnobierebis
da adamianis individualuri Zalebis ganviTareba,
Tanamedrove epoqaSi maTi gamovlineba ukve ukidures
formebSi gadavida da ukve seriozuli dabrkoleba gaxda
adamianis sulieri mxaris ganviTarebisTvis. mxolod
mSrali, racionaluri azrovneba veRar akmayofilebs
adamianis Sinagan mSvinvier moTxovnilebebs. bunebrivad
Cndeba azrovnebis gansulierebis aucilebloba. maTe­
matikur da fizikur formulebs dResac ar daukargavs
aqtualoba, magram maT miRma garkveuli suliereba
unda iqnas gancdili, Tuki adamians surs Tavi daaRwios
materiis tyveobas.
adamianebi, romelTa cxovrebis xasiaTsac mxolod
kedlebi da nivTebi gansazRvraven, cxadia, ar arian
Tanamedrove epoqis adamianebi. adamiani valdebulia
Tavad iyos sakuTari sulieri garemos Semoqmedi.
saxlis masalebi ki ar unda gansazRvravdnen masSi
mcxovrebis sulier mdgomareobas, aramed piriqiT, am
adamianis sulieri cxovrebis forma unda gardaqmnides
elementarul arsebebs, unda akeTilSobilebdes maT. amiT,
faqtobrivad, Tavad es adamiani monawileobs Sesaqmes

_ 247 _
procesSi, igi Tavad exmareba Tavisze dabla mdgom
stiqiis sulebs ganviTarebaSi. igi iseve moqmedebs maTze,
rogorc mfarveli angelozebi moqmedeben adamianebze.
amgvari ganwyoba, cxadia, didi pasuxismgeblobaa
yoveli adamianisTvis.

SeniSvnebi:

1. r. xauSka, moZRvreba substanciebis Sesaxeb, 1946 w.

2. Альбрехт Фрайхер Фон Герцель, Возникновение неорга­ни­
ческих веществ
3. ix. SeniSvna 1
4. ix. SeniSvna 1
5. ix. SeniSvna 1
6. Flensburger Hefte, Was die Naturgeister uns sagen, Im Interview
direkt befragt, 2003
7. Flensburger Hefte, Neue Gesprache mit den Naturgeistern, 2003

_ 248 _
 ` n et a r i y v ne n gl a xa k ni suliTa~

winamdebare werilis saTauri warmoadgens nawyvets

maTes saxarebis me-5 Tavidan. dasrulebuli winadadebis
saxiT igi ase gamoiTqmis: `netar iyvnen glaxakni suliTa,
rameTu maTi ars sasufeveli caTaY~ (maTe, 5, 3). am sityvebs
macxovari mTaze qadagebis dasawyisSi warmoTqvams. igi
mis mier CamoTvlili cxra netarebidan pirvelia.
amjerad moyvanili citata aRebulia saxarebis im qar­
Tuli teqstebidan, romelTa redaqciac eqvTime aTonels
da giorgi mTawmindels ekuTvniT.
eqvTimes redaqciis or xelnawerSi (urbnisis da pa­
lestinis) da giorgis redaqciis sam xelnawerSi (vanis,
eCmiaZinisa da gelaTis) warmodgenili citata zustad
emTxveva erTmaneTs.
orive redaqcia damuSavebulia aTonis qarTul lav­
raSi.
qarTul enaze Sesrulebuli Targmanebidan yvelaze
ufro sandod swored es redaqciebi iTvleba. isini qar­
Tuli eklesiis uaRresad avtoritetuli pirovnebebis
mieraa Sesrulebuli da, bunebrivia, Tanamedrove mkvle­
varTaTvis ZiriTad orientirs warmoadgens.
Tanamedrove epoqa sakmaod didi droiTaa dacilebuli
eqvTime (efTvime) aTonelisa (955-1028) da giorgi mTa­
wmindelis moRvaweobis (1009-1065) xanas. bunebrivia am
periodSi sametyvelo enam garkveuli cvlileba ganicada,
Tumca maTi redaqciebiT gamocemuli teqstebi dResac
xmarebaSia. praqtikulma aucileblobam ganapiroba is,
rom saxareba Tanamedrove qarTuliTac gamocemuliyo.
saqarTvelos sazogadoebis didi nawili saxarebas swored
am redaqciebiT ecnoba.

_ 249 _
 wminda werilebis enis gaTanamedroveba praqtikulad
yvela qveyanaSi moxda da yvelgan igi Zalze sapasuxismgeblo
da, SeiZleba iTqvas, `mtkivneul~ movlenad iTvleba. axal
enaze mTargmnels da redaqtors Zalze rTuli amocanebis
gadawyveta uxdebaT.
Zveli enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli sityvebis zusti
Sesatyvisebis Tanamedrove enaSi moZebna Zalze rTulia.
zogjer absoluturi Sesatyvisebi ukve aRar arsebobs
da mTargmneli iZulebulia msgavsi sityvebi gamoiyenos,
rac ukve raRacas cvlis teqstis SinaarsSi.
aranaklebi gaugebrobebia iseT SemTxvevebSic, roca
Zvel teqstSi xmarebuli romelime sityva axal enaSi ki
arsebobs, magram mas metyvelebaSi ukve Secvlili aqvs
Sinaarsi. am SemTxvevaSi sityvis garegnuli formis Se­
narCunebis SemTxvevaSic ki teqstis Sinaarsi icvleba.
aseT rTul situaciaSi wminda werilis Tanamedrove
mTargmnels ara mxolos Zveli da Tanamedrove enebis
srulyofili codna, aramed Zalze Rrma saRvTismetyvelo
ganaTlebac moeTxoveba.
amjerad, gvinda am problemas erT konkretul maga­
liTze SevexoT. kerZod, vnaxoT, Tu rogor moxda ze­
moT motanili pirveli netarebis formis da Sinaarsis
transformireba Tanamedrove qarTul enaze:
rogorc vnaxeT, eqvTime aToneli da giorgi mTaw­
mindeli zustad erTnairad gamosaxaven mas:
`netar iyvnen glaxakni suliTa, rameTu maTi ars sa­
sufeveli caTaY~.1
meore magaliTad SeiZleba ganvixiloT 1915 wels
`sa­
qarTvelo-imereTis uwmindesi sinodis kantoris ne­
ba-darTviT~ britaniisa da ucxo qveynis bibliuri sa­zo­
gadoebis gamocema, sadac Zveli forma mTlianad Senar­
Cunebulia:
`netar iyvnen glaxakni suliTa, rameTu maTi ars sa­
sufeveli caTa~.

_ 250 _
 1989 wels saqarTvelos sapatriarqos gamocemul bib­
liaSi teqsti ase ikiTxeba:
`netar arian glaxakni suliTa, vinaidan maTia caTa
sasufeveli~.
XX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi gamoica saxarebis gan­
sxva­
vebuli Targmanebi, sadac teqstebi kidev ufro
mkveTradaa dayvanili Tanamedrove qarTulze da amdenad
cvlilebebic metia.
magaliTad, stokholmSi, bibliis Targmnis institutSi
gamocemul saxarebaSi gansaxilveli fragmenti Tana­
medrove qarTuliT asea warmodgenili:
`netar arian suliT Raribni, vinaidan maTia caTa sa­
sufeveli~.2 analogiuria 1990 wels gamocemuli kidev
erTi versia:
`netar arian suliT Raribni, vinaidan maTia sasu­
feveli caTa~.3
moyvanili magaliTebidan advilad SevamCnevT, rom
pirveli netarebis gamomxatveli teqstis meore nawils
praqtikulad cvlileba ar ganucdia. pirveli nawili
ki bolo ori redaqciis axali qarTuliT gansxvavebuli
formiTaa warmodgenili. cxadia, am SemTxvevaSi mTar­
gmneli Seecada igive Sinaarsi ufro Tanamedrove sit­
yvebiT gadmoeca.
Tu calkeul umniSvnelo detalebs ar CavTvliT,
saxeze gvaqvs teqstis pirveli nawilis ori forma:
1. `netar iyvnen glaxakni suliTa...~
2. `netar arian suliT Raribni...~
erTi SexedviT, TiTqosda didi cvlileba ar momxdara.
Sinaarsobrivad es uwyebebi TiTqosda erTmaneTTan axloa.
amis garda, Tanamedrove qarTuliT mTargmnelis teqsti
im TvalsazrisiTac ar aris TviTneburi, rom mas zurgs
umagrebs sxva Tanamedrove enebze Targmnili saxarebis
teqstebic. rusul, germanul, inglisur da sxva dasavlur
enebze arsebul saxarebebSic suraTi analogiuria.

_ 251 _
 yvela am enaze Tundac imave winadadebis Targmnisas
problema swored analogiurad idga, rogorc qarTulSi.
amjerad, gvinda am problemebs ufro axlos gavecnoT.
saxarebaTa Soris maTes saxareba erTaderTia, ro­
melic ebraul enaze daiwera, sxva saxarebebi da wminda
werilebi Tavidanve berZnuli eniT gadmoica.
maTes saxareba maleve gadaiTargmna berZnulad.
qristianobis gavrcelebasTan erTad Zveli aRTqmis
wignebic swored berZnuli eniT gaxda cnobili. ese
igi, pirvel saukuneebSi qristianobis arsis gagebac da
gadmocemac berZnuli eniT moxda.
qristianuli wminda werilebis Sinaarsi bunebrivad
daukavSirda maSindeli berZnuli enis Taviseburebebs.
Semdgom saukuneebSi romis imperiis politikuri
gav­
lenis Sedegad laTinuri ena gaxda wamyvani da man
mniSvnelovnad Seaviwrova berZnuli ena. dasavleTSi uk­
ve laTinurad Targmnili teqstebiT gavrcelda qris­
tianoba.
marTalia, dasavleTis eklesiam didi adgili dauTmo
saeklesio dogmatis laTinur enaze Camoyalibebis saqmes,
magram Zvel berZnul teqstebSi mocemuli cocxali
RvTaebrivi sibrZnis nawili aSkarad daikarga.
berZnul teqstebSi mocemuli sulieri terminebis
zusti Sesatyvisebis moZebna laTinur enaze rTuli
amocana aRmoCnda.
SemdgomSi evropis sxvadasxva enebze saxarebis Tar­
gmna ZiriTadad swored laTinuridan moxda, ramac
Tanamedrove teqstebi kidev ufro daacila pirvelad
berZnul ganwyobilebas.
am TvalsazrisiT, qarTveli saeklesio moRvaweebi
SedarebiT ukeTes pirobebSi aRmoCndnen, radgan aRmo­
savleT saqristianoSi jer kidev SenarCunebuli iyo
berZnuli suliskveTeba. qarTuli teqstebic ZiriTadad
berZnulidan iTargmneboda.

_ 252 _
 pirvelive saukuneebSi Zveli aRTqmis sxvadasxva
berZnuli Targmani arsebobda. magaliTad, cnobilia,
rom Zveli aRTqmis teqstis kvlevisas origenem svetebad
erTmaneTis gverdiT Camowera ebrauli teqsti da xuTi
sxvadasxva berZnuli Targmani.4
cxra netarebis erT-erT centralur cnebas, cxa­
dia, Tavad sityva `netareba~ gamoxatavs. axal qarTul
teqstebSi am sityvas cvlileba ar ganucdia. am Tval­
sazrisiT, mTargmnelebis mimarT pretenzias ver gamov­
TqvamT. miuxedavad amisa, am TiTqosda garkveul situ­
aciaSi uaRresad rTul winaaRmdegobebs vawydebiT. es
problema mxolod qarTul enas ar Seexeba. igi yvela enis
warmomadgenlebisTvis erTnairi simwvaviT dgas, Tumca
qarTul enaSi mas gansxvavebuli Taviseburebac gaaCnia.
maTes saxarebaSi gadmocemul macxovris qadagebaSi
(`qadageba mTaze~) cxrave netarebis gadmocema iwyeba
ber­Znuli sityviT μακάριος (makarios). es sityva qar­
Tulad gadaTargmnilia, rogorc `netareba~. rusulSi
damkvidrda «блаженный», germanulSi _ selig, inglisurSi
_ blessed (Blessed are the poor in spirit...).
sayovelTao aRiarebiT, berZnuli sityva (μακάριος)
erT-erTi yvelaze ufro rTulad saTargmnia. rogorc
xSirad aRniSnaven, misi zusti Sesatyvisi sxva arc erT
enaSi ar aris. igi warmoebulia sityvidan Μάκαρ. am
sityvis zusti ganmarteba dRemde arc erT leqsikonSi
ar moiZebneba.
berZnuli enis yvelaze avtoritetul leqsikonebSi,
rogorebicaa friskis (H. Frisk) da Santrenis (P. Chantraine)
leqsikonebi, aRniSnulia, rom ar arsebobs am sityvis
araviTari etimologia. Tumca am sityvasTan da misgan
nawarmoeb sityvebTan dakavSirebiT bevri sxvadasxva
mosazrebaa gamoTqmuli, magram yvela Tanxmdeba imaze,
rom misi srulyofili gadmocema sxva enebze ver xer­
xdeba.5

_ 253 _
 berZen klasikosebTan sityva `makarios~ xSirad ix­
mareba religiuri mniSvnelobiT. igi gamoxatavs zeciur,
idealur mdgomareobas, romelTanac araviTari Sexeba
ara aqvs miwier gancdebs, miwier mwuxarebas.
mkvlevrebi am berZnuli sityvis Sesatyvisad ebraulSi
Tvlian sityvas `aSre~ (aSar, eSer). am sityviT iwyeba
pirveli fsalmuni. igi xSirad ixmareba ebraul wminda
werilebSi da berZnulad ZiriTadad iTargmneboda,
rogorc μακάριος (makarios).6
ebrauli `aSre~ ZiriTadad iTargmneba, rogorc
`xsna~. ese igi, berZnuli da ebrauli mniSvnelobebis
SejerebiT SeiZleba gansaxilvel sityvaSi vigulisxmoT
im adamianebis mdgomareoba, romelTac eliT maradiuli
xsna, mosalodneli maradiuli yofa zeciur, idealur
samyaroSi.7
a. p. lopuxini Tvlis, rom, marTalia, es sityva
ZiriTadad sulier ganwyobilebas gamoxatavs, magram
amave dros is unda gulisxmobdes amqveyniur yofaSic
am adamianebis Sinagan Rirsebas, Sinagan simSvides da
bednierebas.
arsebobs sxva mravali cdac, rogorme miaxloebiT
mainc gadmoices am sityvis mniSvneloba. kerZod, sxvadasxva
metaforebiT moxdes masTan miaxloeba, magaliTad,
rogorebicaa: RvTaebriobiT gakeTilSobilebuli, var­
skvlavur sferomde amaRlebuli, RvTaebriviT aRvsi­
li.8 am SemTxvevaSic mudmivad mieniSneba, rom es meta­
forebic Zalze miaxloebiTia da mudmivad rCeba raRac
miuRwevadobis, uzustobis gancda.
cxadia, warmodgenili problemebi mTeli simwvaviT
daismeboda im qarTveli moRvaweebis winaSec, romlebmac
saxarebis qarTulad Targmna daisaxes miznad.
rogorc zemoT iyo naCvenebi, maTes saxarebis me-5
TavSi berZnuli sityva μακάριος (makarios) qarTulad
gamoisaxa sityviT `netareba~. es sityva arc Tanamedrove

_ 254 _
qarTulad saxarebis Targmnisas Secvlila.
bunebrivia, gasarkvevia sakiTxi, ramdenad zustad
ga­
mosaxes qarTvelma mTargmnelebma berZnuli sityvis
Sinaarsi.
erTi SexedviT, am TargmanSi raRac gaurkvevloba
mog­veCveneba, radgan Zalian Znelia berZnuli sityvis
(μακάριος) zemoT gadmocemul daxasiaTebas Tanamedrove
qarTulSi xmarebuli sityvis (netareba) mniSvneloba
mivusadagoT.
XIX saukuneSi profesori daviT CubinaSvili am sit­
yvas ase ganmartavs:
netareba _ sruliad unaklulo keTil mdgomareoba.
netari _ bednieri, keTil-mimTxveuli, cxonebuli.9
sulxan-saba orbeliani sityva netarebas amgvarad
ganmartavs:
`netareba ese ars yovelTa keTilTa Sesakrebeli,
romlisa arca erTi moklebul iyos~.10
sulxan-saba netarebis sapirispiro cnebad ganixilavs
`ubadrukobas~.
`ubadrukeba ars SesawuxebelTa da vnebaTa gansac­
delTa Sina myofi.~11 dReisTvis xelmisawvdom qarTul
teqstTagan iakob xucesis `SuSanikis wameba~ erT-
erTi yvelaze uZvelesia. bunebrivia, mis cnobebs gan­
sakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba. `SuSanikis wamebaSi~
sityva `netareba~ gamokveTilad Rrmad religiuri
mniSvnelobiT, wmindanis epiTetad ixmareba. igi yvelgan
SuSanikis xsenebas daerTvis Tan da arsad ar gulisxmobs
raime amqveyniur yofaSi adamianis mdgomareobas. SuSaniki
xan moixsenieba rogorc `wminda SuSaniki~, xan ki `netari
SuSaniki~. zogjer es ori zedwodeba erTdrouladac
ixmareba:
`aRdga wmidaY da netari SuSanik da Tanawaritana
evangele Tvisi da tiriliT esreT ityoda...~12
teqstidan sruliad naTelia, rom sityva `netareba~

_ 255 _
sulieri yofis zogadi aRmniSvnelia da arsad ar gu­
lisxmobs adamianis im drois Sesabamis amqveyniur mdgo­
mareobas. magaliTad, im ambavs, roca SuSanikma Seityo
misi meuRlis varsqenisgan qristianobis datoveba,
avtori ase iuwyeba:
`viTarca esma netarsa SuSaniks, davarda igi qveyanasa
zeda da Tavsa damarT scemda da cremliTa mwariTa
ityoda...~13
bunebrivia, am epizodSi SuSanikis raime amqveyniur
kar­gad yofnaze laparaki SeuZlebelia. analogiuri su­
raTia sxva epizodSic. iakob xucesi gviyveba, rom roca
man gaigo momxdari ubedurebis Sesaxeb, igi gaemarTa
SuSanikisken: `xolo me vijmen adre da miviwie dabasa mas,
romelsaca iyo netari SuSanik. da, viTarca vixile igi
ganmwarebuli, meca vtirode mis Tanave. da varqv netarsa
SuSaniks...~14
wmindanebis `netarebad~ moxseniebas saeklesio ter­
minis saxe aqvs da, cxadia, es mniSvneloba calke gani­
xileba.
sityva `netareba~ Zvel teqstebSi mudam amaRlebuli,
religiuri mniSvnelobiT ixmareboda. magaliTad, 111-e
fsalmunSi amgvar gamoTqmas vxvdebiT:
`netar ars kaci, romelsa eSinis uflisa~.
maSinac ki, roca adamiani sakuTar mdgomareobaze
saub­robs, uTuod sulieri mdgomareoba igulisxmeba. mo­
ciqulTa saqmeSi amgvari epizodia: pavle mociquli mefe
agripas samsjavroze imarTlebs Tavs. igi ambobs:
`Semiracxies Tavi Cemi netarad ...“ (saqme mociqulTa,
26, 2).
cxadia, pavle mociquli pirad mdgomareobaze lapa­
rakobs, magram am SemTxvevaSic ki sulieri ganwyobileba
igulisxmeba da ara misgan miwieri bednierebis gancda.
sityva `netareba~ erT-erTi im sityvaTagania, romelmac
axali drois metyvelebaSi mkveTrad Seicvala Sinaarsi.

_ 256 _
materialisturi cnobierebis xangrZlivi gavleniT man
mTlianad dakarga amaRlebuli, religiuri ganwyobileba
da Cveulebrivi miwieri gancdebis gamomxatvelad iqca.
vnaxoT, rogoraa axsnili sityva `netareba~ Tana­
medrove qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi:
netareba _ metismeti siamovneba, gancxroma.
netari _ 1. metismetad sasiamovno _ sanatreli.
2. (Zv.) sruliad bednieri _ ubednieresi.
3. (ekl.) wmindanis epiTeti.15
rogorc vxedavT, qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsi­
konis Zalze avtoritetuli saredaqcio kolegia sityva
`netarebis~ yvelaze Tanamedrove mniSvnelobad Tvlis
adamianis metismetad sasiamovno gancdis, gancxromis
gamoxatvas.
igive leqsikoni sityva `netaris~ moZvelebul mniSv­
nelobad asaxelebs _ sruliad bednierad, ubednieresad
yofnis gancdas.
aqve mesame formacaa mocemuli: `netari~, rogorc
eklesiuri forma _ wmindanis epiTeti. es forma Zvel
teqstebSi imdenad xSirad meordeba, rom cxadia, aq arc
araferia sakamaTo.
obieqturoba moiTxovs, SevniSnoT, rom leqsikonis
Semdgenlebi am sityvis im mniSvnelobas afiqsireben,
romelic realurad arsebobs Tanamedrove metyvelebaSi.
Tanamedrove sayofao metyvelebaSi sityva `netareba~
swored leqsikonSi mocemuli mniSvnelobiTaa danergili.
ese igi, gamodis, rom roca mkiTxveli maTes saxarebas
ecnoba (am SemTxvevaSi mniSvneloba ara aqvs, Zvel
Targmans kiTxulobs, Tu axals) man mTaze qadagebis
epizodi SeiZleba ise gaigos, rom macxovari CamoTvlis
adamianis cxra iseT mdgomareobas, roca adamiani ganicdis
metismetad did siamovnebas, anu gancxromas.
rogorc ar unda religiuri Sinaarsi mieniWos cxra
netarebis danarCen teqsts, ukve pirvelive sityvis _

_ 257 _
`netarebis~ Tanamedrove qarTuli enis mniSvnelobiT
gagebas srul gaugebrobasTan mivyavarT.
metismeti siamovnebis gancda, anu gancxromaSi
yofna arc amqveyniur da arc zeciur yofaSi, arasodes
warmoadgenda qristianobis ideals. ukidures siamov­ ne­
basa da gancxromaSi yofna arc erTi qristianis mizani
ar aris.
Tu sityva `netarebis~ zemoT moxmobil religiur
ganmartebas gavixsenebT da mas Tanamedrove qarTulSi
damkvidrebul Sinaarss SevadarebT, sruliad aSkara
iqneba, Tu ramdenad degradirebulia cxra netarebis
Tanamedrove SinaarsiT wakiTxvis Sedegi.
es is SemTxvevaa, roca saxarebis TargmanSi arsebuli
sityva Tavisi formiT dRemde ar Secvlila, magram
Tanamedrove qarTulSi misi Sinaarsi Seicvala. aseTi
SemTxveva albaT yvelaze ufro uaresicaa, radgan igi
dafarulad Seicavs Sinaarsis damaxinjebis saSiSroebas.
rogorc vxedavT, erTi SexedviT sruliad garkveuli
terminis (`netareba~) SemTxvevaSic ki seriozuli prob­
lemebi aRmoCnda. gaurkvevloba kidev ufro gaizrdeba,
Tuki Cven pirveli netarebis (`netar iyvnen glaxakni
suliTa...~) kidev erT gamoTqmas _ `glaxakni suliTa~
_ SevexebiT. mTargmnelebi am SemTxvevaSi kidev ufro
rTuli amocanis winaSe aRmoCndnen. maTes saxarebis me-5
TavSi igi berZnulad ase gamoisaxeba: πτωχοί τω πνεύματι.16
lukas saxarebis analogiur epizodSi (luka, 6, 20)
ukve mxolod `glaxakni~ weria, xolo gamoTqma `suliTa~,
aRar gvxvdeba. miuxedavad amisa, bevrma mTargmnelma
saWirod CaTvala Targmnisas es sityva mainc miematebina.
analogiuri mdgomareobaa rogorc Zvel, aseve axal
qarTul TargmanebSic.
bevri Teologi aRiarebs, rom berZnulidan am sityvis
zustad Targmnac TiTqmis SeuZlebelia. sxvadasxva
komentarebSi vxvdebiT ocamde sxvadasxva, erTmaneTisgan

_ 258 _
didad gansxvavebul variants, sadac Teologebi cdiloben
am berZnuli sityvis arss Caswvdnen.17 isini met-naklebad
gamoxataven mis sxvadasxva aspeqtebs.
saxarebis komentatorebi xSirad aRniSnaven, rom
ber­Znuli gamoTqma πτωχοί niSnavs gacilebiT mets,
vidre siRaribes. igi ar SeiZleba daxasiaTdes rogorc
siRaribis pasiuri forma. piriqiT, masSi igrZnoba am
mdgomareobidan gamosvlis tendencia.
eqvTime aTonelisa da giorgi mTawmindelis redaqciiT
Sedgenil saxarebis teqstebSi pirvel netarebaSi πτωχοί
τω πνεύματι Targmnilia rogorc `glaxakni suliTa~.
Tanamedrove axal TargmanebSi ukve gvxvdeba `suliT
Raribni~. sxva Tanamedrove enebze TargmanebSic Ziri­
Tadad swored aseTi formaa.
erTi SexedviT Targmani TiTqosda sworia, magram
yvela komentatorisaTvis aSkaraa, rom siRaribis cneba
mxolod nawilobriv gamoxatavs berZnuli sityvis πτωχοί-s
Sinaarss. ese igi, TargmanebSi misi mniSvneloba Zalze
daviwroebulia.
vfiqrobT, sruliad aSkaraa, rom Zveli qarTuli
sityva `glaxaki~ gacilebiT axloa originalis SinaarsTan,
vidre sityva `Raribi~. am SemTxvevaSic Sinaarsis daviw­
roebasTan gvaqvs saqme.
Tanamedrove qarTulSi `Raribi~ niSnavs, rom adamians
Zalze mcire qoneba aqvs. cxadia, es sityva aramaterialuri
qonebis simciresac niSnavs, magram yvela SemTxvevaSi
igi pasiur, statikur mdgomareobas gamoxatavs. Cven
ubralod vadgenT, rom adamiani mcires mqonea da sxva
ganwyobileba am sityvaSi ar vlindeba.
Zveli qarTulidan momdinare sityva `glaxaki~
gacilebiT mravlismetyvelia.
sainteresoa, rom sulxan-saba orbelianis periodSi
sityva `Raribs~ Zalian gansxvavebuli mniSvneloba hqonda.
`Raribi~ ganimarteboda rogorc `ucxo~.18

_ 259 _
 im periodSi Raribi namdvilad gamoixateboda sityviT
`glaxaki~. kidev ufro Zveladac `glaxaki~ Raribs niSnavda,
magram amave dros igi `maTxovarsac~ gulisxmobda.
siRaribisgan maTxovroba imiT gansxvavdeba, rom,
marTalia, maTxovaric Raribia, magram igi sxvebs sTxovs
daxmarebas, Tavisi siRaribis dasaZlevad ibrZvis. sityva
`maTxovari~, marTalia, siRaribesac gulisxmobs, magram
igi siRaribis aqtiuri formaa, ar gulisxmobs mis mxolod
statikur arsebobas.
aseTi SinaarsiT warmodgenili sityva `glaxaki~
gacilebiT axloa saxarebiseul berZnul sityvasTan
(πτωχοί), vidre `Raribi~. maTes saxarebaSi saubaria ara
materialur siglaxakeze, aramed suliT siglaxakeze.
ese igi, Zveli qarTulidan momdinare mniSvnelobiT
`glaxakni suliTa~ niSnavs, rom adamiani, marTalia,
Sinaganad suliT Raribia, anu Sinaganad carielia, magram
igi iswrafvis am siRaribis, anu sicarielis suliT
Sevsebas. igi eZiebs suls da cdilobs Tavis arsebaSi mis
miRebas.
SesaZloa berZnuli sityva (πτωχοί) kidev sxva aspeq­
tebsac gulisxmobs, magram vfiqrobT, qarTuli `glaxaki~
sakmaod miaxloebulia mis SinaarsTan.
saxarebis Zvel qarTul TargmanSi SeiniSneba kidev
erTi mniSvnelovani niuansi:
Tanamedrove Targmanebisgan gansxvavebiT iq ar aris
naTqvami rom glaxakni awmyo droSi arian netarni. naT­
qvamia, rom `netar iyvnen glaxakni suliTa~. iqve ki
Txro­ba awmyoSi gadadis da emateba: `...rameTu maTi ars
sasufeveli caTaY~.
TiTqosda gaugebaria, ratom ixmareba momavlis
aRmniSvneli sityva `iyvnen~ (am konteqstSi, cxadia, es
sityva momaval droze mianiSnebs da ara warsulze~).
meore netarebidan merves CaTvliT yvelgan vxvdebiT
awmyo drois formas `netar arian...~ (magaliTad, netar

_ 260 _
arian mgloviareni guliTa, rameTu igini nugeSinis-
cemul iyvnen~).
Tanamedrove dasavlur enebze Sesrulebul Tar­
gmanebSi aRniSnuli niuansi ar gvxvdeba. yvelgan awmyo
dro igulisxmeba (`netar arian...).
Zvel qarTul teqstSi aSkaraa, rom mTargmnels
bolomde ar akmayofilebs berZnuli sityvis, πτωχοί-s
`glaxakniT~ Targmna da cdilobs kidev ufro daazustos
misi Sinaarsi. mas TiTqosda ar unda Tqvas, rom Tu vinme
suliT glaxakia, es TavisTavad niSnavs rom igi netaria.
`netar iyvnen...~ ukve kurTxevas niSnavs da azustebs,
rom vinc suliT Raribia da am siRaribis suliT Sevsebas
eswrafvis, igi netari iqneba _ sasufeveli misTvisaa
gamzadebuli.
imis gasarkvevad, Tu konkretulad rogori ada­
mianebi igulisxmebian `suliT glaxakebSi~, yvelaze
naTeli magaliTebi swored saxarebaSia mocemuli. suliT
glaxakTa netarebis Sesaxeb saubaria or saxarebaSi: maTes
saxarebis me-5 TavSi da lukas saxarebis me-6 TavSi.
maTes saxarebis mixedviT, mas Semdeg, rac macxovarma
daiwyo qadageba caTa sasufevlis Sesaxeb da amave dros
mraval sneulsac mkurnalobda, mis irgvliv didZalma
xalxma moiyara Tavi. roca macxovarma amdeni xalxi dai­naxa,
igi mTaze avida da TavisTan miixmo mowafeebi. `da aRiRo
piri Tvisi, aswavebda maT da etyoda: netar iyvnen glaxakni
suliTa, rameTu maTi ars sasufeveli caTaY ...~ (maTe 5, 2-3).
rogorc vxedavT, marTalia, mTasTan bevri xalxia
Sekrebili, magram cxra netarebis saxiT macxovari Tavis
mowafeebs mimarTavs. me-9 netareba gamokveTilad maT
exebaT:
`netar iyvneT Tquen, raJams gyuedriden da gdevniden
da Tquan yoveli sityuaY boroti Tquenda mimarT
sicruviT CemTvis~. Semdegac macxovari xazgasmulad
mociqulebs mimarTavs:

_ 261 _
 `Tqven xarT marilni queynisani...
`Tqven xarT naTelni soflisani...
bunebrivia, cxra netareba mxolod mociqulebs ar
Seexeba, magram konkretul epizodebSi swored maTi da­
moZRvra xdeba.
lukas saxarebis analogiur epizodSi aqcenti kidev
ufro mkveTria. macxovari `suliT glaxakebs~ swored
Tavis mowafeebs uwodebs:
`da Tavadman aRixilna Tualni misni mowafeTa mimarT
da etyoda: netar xarT glaxakni suliTa, rameTu Tqueni
ars sasufeveli RmrTisaY~ (luka, 6, 20).
aq aucilebelia SevniSnoT, rom im periodSi mowafeebi
mxolod axlad wveulebi iyvnen macxovris mier da isini
swavlebis mxolod sawyis etapze imyofebodnen.
sainteresoa, rogorebi iyvnen im periodSi mowafeebi,
roca maT macxovarma `suliT glaxakni~ uwoda?
macxovris pirveli mowafeebi ar iyvnen Zvel ebraul
wminda werilebSi Rrmad ganswavluli adamianebi. amgvari
pretenzia maSin mRvdelmTavrebs, mwignobrebsa da fari­
sevlebs hqondaT. pirveli mowafeebi meTevzeebi iyvnen.
miuxedavad imisa, rom mxsnelis (mesiis) molodini
yvelaze metad swored mRvdelmTavrebsa da mwignobrebs
Soris arsebobda, macxovarma Tavis mowafeebad naklebad
ganswavluli adamianebi airCia.
mwignobrebis cnobiereba Zalian iyo damZimebuli
Zveli werilebis SinaarsebiT. isini Zalze hgavdnen Zvel
WurWlebs, romelSic Zveli Rvino esxa. am TvalsazrisiT,
SedarebiT gaunaTlebeli mowafeebis Sinagan arsebaSi
gacilebiT didi sivrce iyo axali sulieri impulsis
misaRebad. macxovarma maT pirvel rigSi axali moZRvreba
ki ar misca, aramed axali suli STabera. mowafeebi cariel
WurWlebs hgavdnen, romlebsac axali sulieri impulsebi
unda mieRoT. amisaTvis aucilebeli iyo, rom, jer erTi,
isini sulierad carieli, anu glaxakni yofiliyvnen da

_ 262 _
amave dros sulis miRebisken miswrafebac hqonodaT (es
ori ganwyobileba erTad Zvel qarTul enaze `suliT
glaxakad~ iTargmna).
mowafe-meTevzeebi SesaZloa rjulis kanonebis Rrmad
mcodneebi ar iyvnen, magram advilad SeiZleba davrwmun­
deT, rom isini mTlad ubralo adamianebi ar iyvnen da
macxovarTan Sexvedramdec hqondaT sulierebis Ziebis
ganwyobileba.
macxovris mowafeebis pirvandeli sulieri ganwyo­
bileba kargad Cans ioanes saxarebis pirvel TavSi:
`meore dRes kvlav idga ioane Tavis or mowafesTan
erTad.
da dainaxa momavali ieso da Tqva: aha, tarigi RmrTisa.
es rom gaigones, orive mowafe iesos gahyva.
xolo ieso Semobrunda, da mis ukan momavalni rom
dainaxa, uTxra maT: ras eZebT? da maT miuges: rabi (rac
TargmaniT niSnavs moZRvars), sada gaqvs bina?
da uTxra maT: modiT da naxeT.
da mividnen da naxes, sadac hqonda bina, da im dRes
masTan darCnen: iqneboda ase aTi saaTi.
xolo am orTagan erTi, romelmac ioanesagan gaigona
iesos saxeli da gahyva mas, iyo andria, simon petres Zma.
man pirvelma monaxa Tavisi Zma simoni, da uTxra mas:
vpoveT mesia (rac TargmaniT niSnavs: qriste).
da miiyvana igi iesosTan. xolo iesom Sexeda mas da
uTxra: Sena xar simoni, ionas Ze: da iwodebi kefad (rac
TargmaniT niSnavs: klde).
meore dRes moindoma iesom galileas wasvla; monaxa
filipe da uTxra mas, gamomyevio.
xolo filipe beTsaideli iyo, andriasa da petres
Tanamoqalaqe.
da monaxa filipem naTanaeli da uTxra mas: vpoveT is,
visTvisac daweres mosem rjulSi da winaswarmetyvelebma:
ieso, Ze iosebisa, nazareveli~ (ioane 1, 35-46).

_ 263 _
 amjerad gvinda warmodgenil fragmentSi erT aspeq­t­
ze gavamaxviloT yuradReba:
rogorc vxedavT, macxovris pirveli ori mowafe
manamde ioane naTlismcemlis mowafeebi yofilan (maTgan
erT-erTi andria iyo). cxadia, isini garkveul sulier
moRvaweobas eweodnen ioane naTlismcemlis wreSi.
maTes saxarebidan cnobilia, rom andria da misi Zma
simoni (petre) meTevzeebi iyvnen, magram rogorc Cans,
isini mTlad ubralo, gaunaTlebeli meTevzeebi ar unda
yofiliyvnen. ioane naTlismcemlis miniSnebiT andria da
misi megobari mixvdnen, Tu vin iyo ieso.
andria eubneba Tavis Zma simon-petres: `vpoveT mesia~.
ese igi, TavianT sulier cxovrebaSi isini qristes eZebdnen.
iqve irkveva, rom mesiis molodini aseve hqoniaT
filipesa da naTanaelsac. filipem swored mesiis povna
axara naTanaels.
filipeze naTqvamia, rom isic andriasa da petres
msgavsad beTsaididan iyo. rogorc cnobilia, ebrauli
sityva `beTsaidi~ `Tevzis saxls~ niSnavs.
amaT garda, maTes saxarebis mixedviT, ioane da misi
Zma iakobic aseve meTevzeebi iyvnen. Tevzi macxovris
erT-erTi simboloa. meTevze mowafeebi mudmivad Tevzs,
anu simbolurad, mesias eZiebdnen.
ese igi, macxovris pirveli mowafeebi meTevzeebi
ki iyvnen da mwignobrebisgan gansxvavebiT ar iyvnen
damZimebuli rjulis kanonebiT, magram yovel maTgans
hqonda swrafva sulis misaRebad _ yoveli maTgani mesias
eZebda da mzad iyo mis misaRebad.
macxovarma swored maT mimarTa:
`netar xarT glaxakni suliTa, rameTu Tqueni ars
sasufeveli RmrTisaY~ (luka, 6, 20).
swored esaa is `suliT siglaxake~, romelic yvela
qristianisTvis idealadaa dasaxuli. swored aseTi
suliT glaxakni arian netarni.

_ 264 _
 SeniSvnebi:

1.
qarTuli oTxTavis ori bolo redaqcia, teqsti
gamosca da gamokvleva daurTo ivane imnaiSvilma,
Tbilisi, 1979, gv. 6
2. bibliis Targmnis instituti, stokholmi, 1992
3. UBS-1990-20M-353, gamocemuli 1990 w.
4. Эмиль Бок, Новий Завет в свете духовной науки, издательство
«Новалис», 2007, ст. 37
5. ix. SeniSvna 4, gv. 994
6. Толковая Библiа, или коментарiй на все книги св. писанiя
Ветхого и Нового Завета, т. 3. Петербургъ, изданiе Преемниковъ,
А. П. Лопухина, 1911-1913, ст. 81. Стокгольм, 1987
7. ix. SeniSvna 6, gv. 6
8. ix. SeniSvna 4, gv. 124
9. daviT CubinaSvili, qarTul-rusuli leqsikoni, Tbi­
lisi, gv. 982
10. sulxan-saba orbeliani, leqsikoni qarTuli, t. I,
Tbilisi, 1991, gv. 591
11. ix. SeniSvna 10, t. II, gv. 152
12. qarTuli mwerloba, t. I, Tbilisi, 1987, gv. 229
13. ix. SeniSvna 12, gv. 225
14. ix. SeniSvna 12, gv. 226
15. qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, erTtomeuli,
nakveTi meore, Tbilisi, 1990, gv. 785
16. ix. SeniSvna 6, gv. 81
17. ix. SeniSvna 6, gv. 81
18. ix. SeniSvna 10, t. II, gv. 247

_ 265 _
 s a q a r Tv e l os biografiuli
T a v is e bu re be bi

biografiis cnebas, Cveulebriv, pirovnebebTan mimar­

TebaSi vxmarobT. qveynebTan da xalxebTan dakavSirebul
movlenebs ki istorias vuwodebT. amjerad, biografiis
cnebas mxolod imitom viyenebT, rom igi Cveulebrivi
istoriisgan ganvasxvavoT da im paralelebze mivaniSnoT,
rac mas realur planSi pirovnebis biografiasTan aqvs.
ras warmoadgens adamianis biografia?
es aris movlenaTa Tanmimdevroba, romelic drosa
da sivrceSi viTardeba. adamianis biografiaSi erT-
erTi sakvanZo wertili aris dabadeba. es aris adamianis
biografiis erT-erTi centraluri punqti. aseve, meore
centralur punqtad, SesaZlebelia, ganvixiloT iseTi
movlena, rogoricaa gardacvaleba. adamianis amqveyniuri
cxovreba moqceulia dabadebasa da gardacvalebas
Soris da ganfenilia garkveul droSi da sivrceSi. es,
im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki im adamianis biografias vixilavT,
romelic ukve gardacvlilia, magram, cxadia, Cven
SegviZlia visaubroT im adamianis biografiazec, romelic
cocxalia. am SemTxvevaSi ukve saxeze gvaqvs dabadeba,
rogorc warsulis garkveuli movlena da ganvlili
cxovrebis gza im momentamde, roca biografias vixilavT,
ese igi, awmyomde. rac Seexeba biografiul momavals,
igi mxolod perspeqtivis, jer ararsebuli, jer ar
ganxorcielebuli movlenebis saxiT, mxolod savaraudod
SeiZleba warmovidginoT. Tu vityviT, rom es adamiani
odesme gardaicvleba, es, cxadia, sulac ar niSnavs did
winaswarmetyvelebas. Cven gamocdilebiT viciT, rom es
dro aucileblad dadgeba, magram ar viciT rodis. ese
igi, Cven momavalSi ukve moviniSnavT raRac movlenas,

_ 266 _
rogorc am biografiis jer arganxorcielebul nawils.
adamianis biografia, warmodgenili dabadebidan
gardacvalebamde, sruliad cxadlivi movlenaa, magram
aseve SesaZlebelia adamianis biografiis im periodis
warmodgenac, romelic adamianis dabadebamde arsebobda.
Cveulebriv, roca Cven vyvebiT adamianis biografias,
masSi aucileblad misi mSoblebisa da winaprebis vi­
naobasac SevitanT. maTi cxovrebis periodic gar­ kve­
ulad SeiZleba am adamianis biografiul periodad
vigulisxmoT. es azri efuZneba codnas imis Sesaxeb, rom
adamianSi arsebobs mravali iseTi unar-Tviseba, mravali
iseTi damaxasiaTebeli niSani, rac misi winaprebisgan
momdinareobs _ es iqneba niWi, temperamenti, sxvadasxva
midrekilebebi, dadebiTi, Tu uaryofiTi niSan-Tvisebebi.
es niSan-Tvisebebi adamians winaprebisgan genetikurad,
sisxlismierad gadaecema da dabadebis momentSive masSi
mocemulia, rogorc garkveuli potencia.
xalxur gadmocemebSi arsebobs azri, rom wina­
parTagan momdinare niSan-Tvisebebi adamians Svidi Taoba
gahyveba. religiur warmodgenebSic swored Svidi Taoba
figurirebs. mecnierebis monacemebic adastureben am
uwyebas. Svidi Taobis Semdeg genetikuri memkvidreoba
ukve aRar grZeldeba. Svidi Taoba _ es aris daaxloebiT
200 weli, ori saukune. Svidi Taoba am periodSi cxovrobs.
ukanaskneli 200 wlis, anu ori saukunis manZilze
adamianis winaprebSi memkvidreobiT gamomuSavebuli
niSan-Tvisebebidan raRac nawili adamianSi SeiZleba
gamovlindes. igi ukve dabadebis momentSivea mocemuli.
cxadia, es ukve garkveuli biografiuli nawilia.
ra Tqma unda, calkeuli individis biografiisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli kanonzomierebebi ar SeiZleba pir­
dapir gadavitanoT romelime eris biografiul kanon­
zomierebebze, magram maT Soris arsebobs garkveuli
paralelebi.

_ 267 _
 adamianis msgavsad, ersac aqvs dabadebis periodi.
arseboben xalxebi, romlebic ar SeiZleba miviCnioT
Camoyalibebul erebad. erad CamoyalibebisTvis ada­
mianTa erTobis momzadeba xangrZlivi drois gan­
mavlobaSi mimdinareobs. iseve, rogorc adamianisTvis
damaxasiaTebelia individualuri sulis arseboba, ersac
aqvs koleqtiuri suli. erovnuli suli ufro maRali
ierarqiuli arsebaa, vidre adamianis individualuri
suli.
axla ufro konkretulad SevexoT saqarTvelos bio­
grafiul Taviseburebebs im TvalsazrisiT, rom ganvixi­
loT zogierTi Tavisebureba im biografiuli mTlianobi­
sa, rac gamoixateba saqarTvelos warsuliT, awmyoTi da
im perspeqtivebiT, romlebic momavalSi arsebobs. am
TvalsazrisiT, paraleli gavataroT calkeuli individis
biografiasTan da im TaviseburebebTan, rac adamianis
biografiisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli.
jer kidev Zveli berZnebisTvis iyo cnobili, rom
adamianis biografia SesaZlebelia ganxilul iqnes
Svidwliani ciklebis saxiT. bevri kanonzomiereba swored
am Svidwliani periodizaciidan momdinareobs.
saqarTvelos istoria Tavisi warsuliT, awmyoTi da
momavliT _ es aris erTiani biografiuli mTlianoba. igi
msgavsad calkeuli individis biografiisa, ganfenilia
drosa da sivrceSi. gansxvavebiT individisagan, romlis
istoriis periodizacia Svidwliani ritmiTaa yvelaze
ufro mosaxerxebeli, eris istoria ufro did monakveTebs
gulisxmobs. erT-erT aspeqtSi es aris Svidsaukunovani
ritmi. arsebobs kidev ufro didi da mcire ritmebic.
Tanamedrove fsiqologiaSic arsebobs adamianis
biografiis warmodgena Svidwliani ritmebis saxiT.
magaliTad, adamianis biografia dabadebidan 63
wlamde SeiZleba Svidwlian monakveTebad daiyos. igi 9
Svideulisgan Sedgeba. es, ra Tqma unda, imas ar niSnavs,

_ 268 _
rom 63 wlis asakSi adamianis cxovreba mTavrdeba. es
periodi ganixileba, rogorc aqtiuri moqmedebis periodi.
es kanonzomiereba gulisxmobs pirveli oTxi Svideulis
ganmavlobaSi, yovel SvidwledSi gamomuSavebuli niSan-
Tvisebebis Sualeduri wertilis mimarT, anu mexuTe
Svideulis mimarT sarkulad areklas Semdeg oTx
SvideulSi. ese igi, pirveli Svidi wlis niSan-Tvisebebi
airekleba am cxridan bolo 56-dan 63 wlis asakamde
periodSi. 7-dan 14 wlamde periodi airekleba 49-56
wlebis asakSi, 14-dan 21-mde periodi _ 42-49, xolo 21-28
_ 35-42 wlebSi.
es arekvla gulisxmobs garkveul Taviseburebebs,
romlebic sarkiseburad iwvevs Sesabamis impulsebs. amis
aRmoCena, rasakvirvelia, Zalian Znelia, Tuki Cven ar
viciT es kanonzomierebebi. magaliTad, ganvixiloT 7-dan
14 wlamde periodi. am periodSi Zalze mniSvnelovania,
rom bavSvma gamoimuSaos swori damokidebuleba rit­
misa da harmoniis mimarT. es procesi zogierT Sem­
TxvevaSi warmatebiT mimdinareobs, zogjer ki bavSvis
ganviTarebaSi am TvalsazrisiT Seferxebebi arsebobs. Tu
is arasrulyofilad ganviTarda, SesaZlebelia am bavSvis
Semdgom biografiaSi moxdes iseTi cvlilebebi, romlebic
garegnulad veranairad ver aixsneba. magaliTad, SesaZloa
Semdeg wlebSi, ukve zrdasrul asakSi, bavSvs astma
ganuviTardes. rasakvirvelia, vinc kargad ar icnobs
adamianis biografiis am Taviseburebebs, is verafriT ver
mixvdeba, rom asTma, romelic adamians gviandel asakSi
ganuviTarda, gamowveulia imiT, rom Tavis droze 7-dan 14
wlamde asakSi bavSvs ar hqonda midrekileba ritmisadmi,
raRac harmoniisadmi da misi cxovreba ise ganviTarda,
rom mas moaklda es jansaRi impulsebi.
aseve xSirad adamiani daaxloebiT 49-56 wlis asakSi
(es aris is periodi, romelic sarkulad Seesabameba 7-14
wlis periods), uecrad icvlis Tavis profesias, Tavis

_ 269 _
damokidebulebas samyaros mimarT da ucbad uCndeba
axali gatacebebi, magaliTad, musikis sferoSi, an
iwyebs xatvas, cekvas. igi Zalian mkveTrad cvlis Tavis
cxovrebas. es SesaZlebelia imiT aixsnas, rom adamiani,
romelmac Tavis droze (7-14 wlis asakSi) ver moaxerxa
harmoniisadmi swori damokidebulebis gamomuSaveba, am
asakSi qvecnobierad cdilobs dakargulis anazRaurebas.
igi axal ritmebs eZebs.
individis biografiasTan dakavSirebiT mravali aseTi
kanonzomiereba arsebobs. amjerad maT vrclad ar Sevexebi.
am SemTxvevaSi mindoda meCvenebina kanonzomiereba imisa,
rom biografiul ganviTarebaSi arsebobs garkveuli
periodi, romelic SesaZloa warmodgenil iqnas rogorc
simetriis RerZi, romlis mimarTac movlenebi sarkulad
airekleba. es kanonzomierebebi arsebobs kacobriobis
ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiTac da cnobilia, rom es
simetriis RerZi SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva movlena,
rogorc kacobriobis, aseve calkeuli eris istoriaSi.
iseTi mniSvnelovani movlena, rogoricaa macxovris
gankaceba da, saerTod, golgoTis movlena, kacobriobis
istoriaSi swored erT-erT centralur punqts war­
moadgens. mravali movlena mis mimarT aRniSnuli kanon­
zomierebebis mixedviT aisaxeba. es zogadi kanon­zomierebaa,
romelic damaxasiaTebelia mTeli kacobriobisTvis.
am SemTxvevaSi, analogiuri movlenebi SeiZleba
ganvixiloT saqarTvelos istoriasTan mimarTebaSi. Tu
gadavxedavT Zvel qarTul sasuliero teqstebs, aSkarad
TvalSi mogvxvdeba tendencia imisa, rom is sulieri
moRvaweebi, romlebic werilobiTi saxiT gadmoscemen
saqarTvelos istorias, aviTareben erT Zalian mniSv­
ne­
lovan Temas _ saqarTveloSi qristes Semdeg gan­
vi­
Tarebuli movlenebi mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli im
movlenebTan, romlebic xdeboda Zveli aRTqmis epo­
qaSi, konkretulad, ebraul samyaroSi. Zveli aRTqma

_ 270 _
ebraeli eris istorias gamosaxavs. ebraeli eris isto­
ria viTardeboda sruliad gansakuTrebul viTarebaSi
im gansakuTrebuli kanonzomierebebiT, rom masSi
momzadebuliyo macxovris gankacebis safuZveli. qar­
Tveli sulieri moRvaweebi saqarTvelos istorias
gadmoscemen swored iseTi TaviseburebebiT, rom igi
warmodgenilia rogorc gagrZeleba im impulsebisa, rac
Zvelma aRTqmam moitana. rasakvirvelia yvelaferi ukve
qristianuli saxiTaa gadaazrebuli.
amave dros, movlenebi ise ganviTarda, rom es
centraluri punqti, anu golgoTis movlena, aRmoCnda
rogorc simetriis RerZi, ris merec sarkiseburad,
TiTqosda ebraeli eris ganvlil istorias sruliad
realur planSi ireklavs saqarTvelos istoria. es
istoria Zalian vrcelia. amjerad ramdenime aqcenti
gavakeToT, raTa es mTlianobis idea TvalnaTliv iyos
warmodgenili. moviniSnoT ramdenime mniSvnelovani dro­
iTi monakveTi:
ebraeli eris istoria iwyeba abraamiT, an ufro
sworad, abraamis gamosvliT uridan. Zvel Suamdinarul
samyaros gamoeyofa abraami, saidanac warmoiSva axali
modgma, abraamis modgma. TavisTavad uridan es gamoyofa
uaRresad sakralur moments afiqsirebs _ xdeba Zveli
misteriuli samyarodan gamoyofa erTi nakadisa, rome­
lic manamde mis ganuyofel nawils warmoadgenda. is
ukve emzadeba axali misiis Sesasruleblad. abraami midis
qanaanisken. es movlena Zv. w. XXI saukuneSi moxda.
bibliur TariRebze saubrisas aucileblad unda
SevniSnoT erTi garemoeba. arsebobs gamokvlevebi, sa­
dac bibliuri TariRebi mocemulia uSualod bibliis
mier dasaxelebuli monacemebiT. magram arsebobs da­
TariRebis sxva, erTi SexedviT ufro mecnieruli for­
mac, sadac TariRebi aTvlilia ara bibliidan, aramed igi
dakoreqtirebulia sxvadasxva istoriuli movlenebis

_ 271 _
gaTvaliswinebiT. magaliTad, am SemTxvevaSi macxovari
dabadebulia ara pirveli wlis dasawyisSi, saidanac iwyeba
axali welTaRricxvis aTvla, aramed manamde daaxloebiT
eqvsi, an Svidi wliT adre. es uwyeba istoriul faqtebs
efuZneba. aseTive gansxvavebebi arsebobs abraamTan
dakavSirebiTac. aqac garkveuli istoriuli faqtebis
gaTvaliwinebiT, misi cxovrebis xanad sxvadasxva saukunea
miTiTebuli.
Cven am SemTxvevaSi veyrdnobiT bibliur daTariRebas,
radgan swored is gamoxatavs sulier Sinaarss im
movlenebisas, rac bibliaSia mocemuli.
ramdenadac qarTvel moZRvarTa naazrevTan gvaqvs
saqme, am SemTxvevaSi daveyrdnobiT Zveli aRTqmis saRvTo
istorias, romelic saqarTveloSi iswavleboda (nestor
yubaneiSvilis „Zveli aRTqmis saRvTo istoria“). am
wyaros mixedviT abraamis gamosvla uridan moxda Zveli
welTaRricxvis 2039 wels, xolo, roca abraams uflisagan
aRTqma mieca, aqedan ukve saTave daedo ebraeli eris
istorias. es ambavi moxda 2015 wels. RmerTi abraams
mamris muxasTan ecxadeba. aqedan iwyeba ebraeli eris
istoria.
am istoriis mixedviT, abraamis moRvaweoba mTavrdeba
Zv. w. 1939 wels. 175 wlis asakSi abraami gardaicvala.
rogorc vxedavT, droiTi simetria aSkaraa abraamis
epoqasa da im epoqas Soris, romelSic Cven vcxovroT.
ra movlenebi viTardeba am epoqaSi? upirveles yovlisa
is, rom ukanasknel aTwleulebSi momxdari movlenebis
Semdeg saqarTvelo gamodis im kulturuli arealidan,
romelSic imyofeboda, icvleba misi kulturuli ori­
entacia.
Sua saukuneebSi dasavlur civilizaciasTan dakavSi­
rebis mcdelobebi saqarTvelosTvis warumatebeli iyo.
SeiZleba gavixsenoT sulxan-saba orbelianis warumatebeli
mogzauroba evropaSi. XIX-XX saukuneebSi Cven garkveuli

_ 272 _
Sualeduri rgolis saxiT mogviwia orsaukunovani
urTierToba ruseTTan, vidre gamovidodiT im sferodan,
rac dakavSirebuli iyo sparseTis, TurqeTis, arabeTis da
sxva aziuri orientaciebis zemoqmedebasTan. saqarTvelo
orientacias iRebs evropul kulturaze. SegviZlia
vTqvaT, rom dRevandel epoqaSi sruliad TvalnaTelia
is tendencia, rom saqarTvelo gamodis Zveli samyarodan
_ „uridan“ _ da urTierTobas amyarebs axal samyarosTan.
igi cdilobs gadasaxldes aRTqmul qveyanaSi _ „qanaanSi“,
anu Tanamedrove dasavlur civilizaciaSi. abraamis
epoqasa da saqarTvelos Tanamedrove epoqas Soris
rogorc droiTi, aseve Sinaarsobrivi simetria aSkaraa.
axla gavixsenoT meore epoqa, romelic aseve Zalian
mniSvnelovania ebraeli eris istoriaSi. es aris daviT-
solomonis epoqa. am dros ebraul samyaroSi mefoba
iwyeba. mefe daviTs cvlis misi vaJi _ solomoni. TiTqosda
ucnauri damTxvevaa, magram am periods pirdapiri
simetria gaaCnia qarTveli mefeebis daviTis da Tamaris
istoriasTan. droiTi TvalsazrisiTac es simetria
aSkaraa. bibliuri daviTi moRvaweobda Zv. w. XI saukuneSi,
aseve solomonic. daviT aRmaSenebelic XI saukuneSi
(axali welTaRricxiT) gamefda, misi mefoba XII saukuneSi
gadavida, xolo Tamari ukve XII saukuneSi moRvaweobs. ese
igi, droiTi simetria sruliad cxadia.
am istoriaSi sxva mniSvnelovani paralelebic ar­
sebobs. bibliuri daviTis bevri niSan-Tviseba aqvs
daviT aRmaSenebels. mniSvnelovania solomonisa da
Ta­mar mefis paralelebic. Zvel aRTqmaSi swored so­
lomonTan mimarTebaSi iwyeba iseTi mniSvnelovani
motivis wina planze wamoweva, rogoricaa wminda sofiis
sakiTxi. „sibrZne solomonisa“ da is wminda werilebi,
rac dakavSirebulia solomonTan, swored RvTaebrivi
sibrZnis, sofiis gamoxatulebaa.
analogiur motivebs vxvdebiT qarTul sulier wya­

_ 273 _
roebSi TamarTan mimarTebaSic. igi simbolurad RvTa­ ­
ebriv sibrZnesTanaa dakavSirebuli. qarTul kul­
turaSi sofiis xatis gamoxatuleba swored Tamar mefis
moRvaweobaSi da mis saxeSi xdeba simbolizebuli. rogorc
Zvel aRTqmaSi sofiologiuri problemebi daviT-so­lo­
monis wyvilSia warmoCenili, aseve saqarTvelos isto­
riaSi daviTsa da Tamar mefesTan mimarTebaSic igive
xdeba. droiTi TvalsazrisiTac aSkara simetriasTan
gvaqvs saqme. ebraeli da qarTveli mefeebis moRvaweobis
periodebi Tanabari manZiliTaa dacilebuli golgoTis
movlenisgan.
ebraeli xalxis istoriaSi mniSvnelovan adgils
ikavebs periodi, romelsac ebraul samyaroSi me­
fobis gayofa da Semdeg kvlav SeerTeba ewodeba. es
mniSvnelovani monakveTi zogierTi uwyebiT iwyeba
Zv. w. 980 wels. am wels ebrauli saxelmwifo iSleba.
mefoba uqmdeba. Semdeg, Zv. w. VI saukuneSi mefoba kvlav
aRdgeba. ebraelTa mefobis gayofas adgili aqvs Zv. w.
X-VI saukuneebSi. Tu gadavxedavT saqarTvelos istorias,
davinaxavT, rom analogiur movlenas aqac adgili aqvs
da isic sarkulad airekleba golgoTis movlenidan.
mefobis gauqmeba qarTlSi swored VI saukuneSi moxda da
X saukunis bolomde gagrZelda, zustad igive periodis
ganmavlobaSi, rogorc ebraul samyaroSi. bagrat III
amTavrebs saqarTvelos gaerTianebas.
yuradReba gavamaxviloT qarTveli da ebraeli eris
istoriaSi arsebul erT mniSvnelovan simetriazec. es
aris eris centraluri taZris mSenebloba. ebraelma erma
simbolurad Tavisi istoria sami taZris mSeneblobaSi
gamosaxa. es aris solomonis taZris mSenebloba, Semdeg
solomonis taZris ganaxleba, rac TavisTavad Zalian
mniSvnelovani movlenaa da mesame, samaritelTa taZris
mSenebloba garizinis mTaze, romliTac faqtobrivad
axali etapi iwyeba ebaelTa istoriaSi. es taZari xdeba

_ 274 _
babilonis tyveobidan ganTavisuflebis simbolo.
pirveli solomonis taZari aSenda Zv. w. 1017-1100
wlebSi. taZari Svidi wlis ganmavlobaSi Sendeboda.
Semdeg, misi ganaxleba daaxloebiT Zv. w. 500 wels moxda.
mesamed, makedonelis periodSi Zv. w. 332 wels garizinis
mTaze samaritelTa taZari Sendeba. es sami TariRi aris
sakvanZo wertilebi, sakvanZo etapebi ebraeli eris
taZarTmSeneblobis istoriaSi.
Tu ganvixilavT qarTveli eris istorias, davinaxavT,
rom aqac, saqarTvelos centraluri taZris, sveticxovlis
mSeneblobaSi sami sakvanZo wertilia mocemuli. im
teqstebis mixedviT, romlebSic moTxrobilia am taZris
istoria, wminda ninos sveticxovlis taZari aSenda swored
axali welTaRricxviT 332 wels, rac zust simetriaSia
samaritelTa taZarTan garizinis mTaze. isic swored
Zveli welTaRricxviT 332 wels aSenda. es TariRi, 332
weli, aRebulia IV saukunis teqstidan _ „moqcevidan“.
igive teqstSi naxsenebicaa garizinis mTaze aSenebuli
samaritelTa taZari, aRniSnulia, rom ebraeli xalxi am
taZarSi loculobda.
wminda ninos taZari iyo xis. mas Semdeg rac igi
daiSala, daaxloebiT V s-is dasasrulsa da VI s-is
dasawyisSi gorgasalma imave adgilas meore sveticxovlis
taZari aago. igi mkveTrad gansxvavdeboda pirvelisagan _
qvisgan iyo agebuli da zomiTac bevrad didi iyo. drois
TvalsazrisiT am SemTxvevaSic simetria saxezea _ Tu
Zveli welTaRricxvis VI saukuneSi ierusalimis meore
taZari aigo, anu Zveli ganaxlda, aseve V-VI saukuneSi,
magram ukve axali welTaRricxviT, gorgasali agebs
sveticxovlis meore taZars.
rogorc vxedavT, aqac zusti simetriaa.
rac Seexeba mesame Sesabamisobas, rogorc aRvniSneT,
solomonis taZari aSenda Zv. w. 1017-1010 wlebSi. ese
igi, is damTavrda Zv. w. 1010 wels. niSandoblivia, rom

_ 275 _
saqarTveloSi sveticxovlis taZris mSenebloba daiwyo
zustad axali welTaRricxvis 1010 wels. istoriuli
cnobebis mixedviT is damTavrda 1025 wels. am
SemTxvevaSic zusti damTxvevaa. ebraeli eris istoriaSi
sami centraluri taZris mSenebloba zust simetriaSia
saqarTvelos sami centraluri taZris mSeneblobasTan.
am SemTxvevaSi TvalnaTelia ara mxolod droiTi
Sesabamisoba, romelic arsebobs ebraeli eris istoriasa
da qarTveli eris istorias Soris, aramed mniSvnelovania
Tavad ganwyobilebac da mTeli rigi motivebi, rac am si­
metrias kidev ufro met mniSvnelobas aniWebs. magaliT­
ad, pirvel saukuneebSi mcxeTa agebul iqna ierusalimis
mixedviT. istoriaSi Seswavlili da dadasturebuli
faqtia, rom mTeli mcxeTis garemo ierusalimis mixedviTaa
agebuli. yvela ZiriTadi toponimi, rac ki mcxeTis
garSemo arsebobs, ierusalimisas imeorebs (geTsimaniis
baRi, golgoTa, beTlemi, eleonis mTa, sveticxoveli,
romelic Seesabameba solomonis taZars da a. S.).
qarTveli sulieri moRvaweebi ganwyobilni arian, rom
is impulsebi, romelic ebraulma samyarom warmarTul
epoqaSi moitana, qristianizebuli saxiT gagrZelebul
iqnas qarTveli eris mier. saqarTvelo Tavis TavSi xedavs
im misias, rom man es qristianuli tvirTi unda itvirTos
da bibliuri istoria axleburi, qristianuli saxiT
gaagrZelos.
saqarTvelos istoria uZveles qarTul werilobiT
wyaroebSi, aqcentirebulad isea moTxrobili, rom is
Zalian mkveTrad imeorebs im ZiriTad motivebs, rac Zveli
aRTqmis periodSi ebraelma erma gaiara. faqtobrivad,
saqarTvelos istoria qristianul periodSic ki bibliuri
qargilis mixedviT viTardeba.
„qarTlis moqcevaSi“ saubaria qarTvelTa damkvidre­
bis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos teritoriaze, aq gvxvdeba iseTi
motivebi, rac aSkarad enaTesaveba bibliur istorias.

_ 276 _
magaliTad, qarTvelebi am teritoriaze roca modian,
isini xedaven, rom aq cxovroben kaciWamia iobeselebi.
TavisTavad es movlenac isea aRwerili, rogorc Zvel
aRTqmaSi. ebraelebi swored iobeselebis damarcxebis
Semdeg mkvidrdebian aRTqmul qveyanaSi.
qarTlis pirveli mefe azo xdeba. Semdeg mis adgils
ikavebs ufro Zlieri da WeSmariti mefe farnavazi,
radgan azos Zalian bevri negatiuri Tvisebac aRmoaCnda.
ebraelebis istoriaSic xom swored ase iyo. pirveli mefe
iyo sauli, magram xdeba misi dacema da mis Semdeg modis
WeSmariti mefe daviTi.
wminda ninos qarTlisken gamomgzavreba da qarTlSi
Semosvlac bibliis analogiuradaa moTxrobili. iseve,
rogorc aRTqmul qveyanaSi Sesvlamde ebraelebi faranis
udabnoSi daibanakeben, am SemTxvevaSic gvxvdeba igive
toponimi _ wminda nino faravnis tbaze daibanakebs
qarTlis miwaze Semosvlis win. faravnis tbasTan wminda
nino TavqveS qvas daidebs, iZinebs da xedavs imis msgavs
gamocxadebas, rogoric naxa iakobma, romelmac, aseve,
TavqveS qva daido. aseve moses msgavsad wminda ninosac
aTi mcneba gadaecema uflisagan.
mcxeTaSi gamocxadeba xdeba cecxlovani svetidan
_ sveticxovlidan. aseTive gamocxadeba xdeba moses
karavTan, roca aseve cecxlovani svetidan ufali moses
esaubreba.
es yvelaferi naTlad aCvenebs, rom Cveni winaprebi ise
gadmogvcemen saqarTvelos istorias, rom maqsimalurad
mkveTri paralelebi gaataron Zvel aRTqmasTan da aseve
daafiqsiron, rom saqarTveloSi raRac axali etapi
iwyeba. saqarTvelom miiRo qristianuli tvirTi, igi ukve
qristianul safexurze Taviseburad agrZelebs bibliur
xazs.
roca Cven vsaubrobT romelime eris da maT Soris,
cxadia, qarTveli eris istoriazec, aucilebelia es

_ 277 _
istoria warmodgenili iqnas erTiani biografiuli
mTlianobis saxiT. amave dros es biografiuli mTlianoba
aucilebelia ganxilul iqnas erTiani, uwyveti, farTo
panoramis saxiT, sadac movlenebi erTmaneTTanaa
dakavSirebuli da erTmaneTSia gadaxlarTuli.
amjerad minda kidev ufro gansxvavebuli kuTxiT
SevexoT biografiul kanonzomierebebs. Tu adamianis
biografiaSi sakvanZo movlenebs ganvixilavT, davinaxavT,
rom yovelTvis SeiZleba am biografiaSi gamoiyos raRac
mniSvnelovani movlena, romelic, Tavis mxriv, TiTqosda,
erTmaneTTan simetriulad daakavSirebs manamde momxdar
movlenebs da im movlenebs, rac mas mere moxda, maT Soris
myardeba droiTi simetria. adamianis biografiaSi es
wertili SeiZleba iyos romelime mniSvnelovani movlena.
rogorc Cans, analogiuri kanonzomiereba axasiaTebs eris
biografiasac. aseTi wertili am SemTxvevaSic SeiZleba
sxvadasxva iyos.
ra SeiZleba iyos centraluri, erTgvari Sualeduri
movlena saqarTvelos istoriaSi?
erT-erTi aseTi sakvanZo periodi aris daviTis mefobis
dro. Tu daviTis mefobis periods calke ganvixilavT,
aqac arsebobs ramdenime sakvanZo etapi, rogorebicaa
magaliTad, ruis-urbnisis kreba, roca saqarTvelos
istoriaSi mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi wydeba, Tbilisis
aReba da a. S. magram mainc yvelaze ufro gamorCeuli
movlena, rasac adgili aqvs daviTis mefobis periodSi,
uTuod aris didgoris brZola. mas ara mxolod erovnuli
mniSvneloba aqvs, aramed scildeba am farglebs da ukve
zogadsakacobrio mniSvnelobis movlenaa.
didgoris brZola gaimarTa 1121 wels. is dakav­
Sirebulia jvarosnebis moZraobasTanac, maT warmateba-
warumateblobasTan da aRmosavleT-dasavleTis urTi­
erTo­basTan. didgoris brZolas gadamwyveti mniSvneloba
aqvs imdroindel istoriaSi.

_ 278 _
 Tu saqarTvelos istorias ganvixilavT, davinaxavT
Zalian naTel simetrias swored am gansakuTrebul
TariRTan mimarTebaSi.
magaliTad, ra SeiZleba CavTvaloT im mniSvnelovan
movlenad, rasac manamde hqonda adgili? erT-erTi
maTgani, cxadia, aris saqarTvelos gaqristianeba. es
moxda IV saukuneSi. rogorc „qarTlis moqceva” iuwyeba,
mas safuZvlad daedo iseTi mniSvnelovani movlena,
rogoricaa saberZneTis gaqristianeba da pirveli
msoflio saeklesio kreba _ nikeas kreba, romelic 325
wels gaimarTa. IV saukuneSi qarTlis moqcevis istoria
TariRobrivad mibmulia swored am movlenaze _ nikeas
krebaze. „moqcevaSi” wminda nino swored masze akeTebs
orientacias da ambobs, rom „meSvidesa welsa iyo
wmindai krebai nikeas da mervesa welsa iyo sivltolvai
Cveni saberZneTiT“. ese igi, nikeas krebis Semdgom wels
wminda nino ukve saqarTvelosken modis. aqedan iwyeba
saqarTvelos moqcevis istoria. nikeas krebis Semdeg
SesaZlebeli xdeba qristianobis ganvrcoba saberZneTis
farglebs gareT. erT-erTi aseTi teritoria swored
saqarTvelocaa. wminda nino moemarTeba saqarTvelosken.
aqedan meSvide wels ukve xdeba nana dedoflis moqceva
da sveticxovlis ageba. nikeas kreba aris is grandiozuli
movlena, romelic xdeba saqarTvelos farglebs gareT an,
ufro swored, im kulturis sferoSi, romlis orbitaSic
saqarTvelo imyofeba da mas gadamwyveti mniSvneloba
aqvs saqarTveloSi ganviTarebuli movlenebisTvis.
ganvixiloT Tu rogor simetriulad airekla es
movlena didgoris brZolis mimarT: am TvalsazrisiT,
nikeas krebis TariRs 325 wels absoluturi sizustiT
Seesabameba 1917 weli. dro nikeas krebidan didgoris
brZolamde zustad igivea, rac didgoris brZolidan
1917 wlamde. es aris ukve is periodi, rodesac
saqarTvelo imyofeba ara berZnuli, aramed rusuli

_ 279 _
kulturis sferoSi. faqtobrivad, saqarTvelo aris
ruseTis imperiis nawili. swored am dros ruseTSi xdeba
iseTi mniSvnelovani movlena, rogoricaa oqtombris
revolucia, rac mniSvnelovnad cvlis saqarTvelos
ganviTarebis mimarTulebas. igi mkveTrad aisaxeba
saqarTvelos sulier cxovrebaSic. esec aris im rangis
movlena, romelic xdeba im garemoSi, romlis orbitaSic
Cven vimyofebiT da romelic gadamwyvetad moqmedebs
saqarTveloSi ganviTarebuli sulieri cxovrebis for­
maze. es ori movlena, ra Tqma unda, erTmaneTisagan ra­
dikalurad gansxvavebulia. pirvel SemTxvevaSi nikeas
krebiT iwyeba saqarTveloSi qristianobis danergva
da eklesiis Camoyalibeba, meore, masTan simetriaSi
myofi movlenis dros, ukve xdeba sapirispiro movlena
_ religiuri da qristianuli cxovrebis, saeklesio
cxovrebis ngreva.
rogorc zemoT vTqviT, saqarTvelos gaerTianeba iw­
yeba bagrat III-dan. mas Semdeg, rac saqarTvelo daSlili
iyo sxvadasxva samTavroebad, XI saukunis dasawyisSi
bagrat III mTel saqarTvelos aerTianebs. es movlena
1008-1010 wlebSi xdeba. Tu am movlenasac didgoris
brZolis TariRTan mimarTebaSi ganvixilavT, is aseve
didi sizustiT emTxveva am mTlianobis daSlis TariRs.
es aris XIII s.-is 30-iani wlebi, es aris zustad is periodi,
rodesac saqarTveloSi monRolebi modian. isini sa­
qarTvelos teritoriis did nawils ikaveben. bagrat
III-is mier dawyebuli gaerTianeba arsebobas wyvets.
saqarTvelo iSleba sxvadasxva nawilebad. masze ukve
ucxo Zalebi amyareben kontrols. didgoris brZola
gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos istoriis zustad Sua
wertils warmoadgens. es aris Sualedi bagrat III-is mier
gaerTianebul saqarTvelosa da monRolebis mier daSlil
saqarTvelos Soris. am SemTxvevaSic, rogorc vxedavT,
adgili aqvs or iseT movlenas, romelic Tavisi xasiaTiT

_ 280 _
diametrulad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan _ qveynis
gamTlianeba da qveynis daSla, degradaciis dasawyisi.
warmodgenili magaliTebi aris erT-erTi maCvenebeli
imisa, rom nebismieri eris da am SemTxvevaSi qarTveli
eris istoria SeiZleba ganxilul iqnas, rogorc erTi
biografiuli mTlianoba, romelsac gaaCnia iseTi kanon­
zomierebebi, romelic zogadad damaxasiaTebelia erTi
mTliani procesisTvis.
es biografiuli mTlianoba sxva mravali kanon­ zo­
mierebis mixedviTac SeiZleba iqnas ganxiluli.
saqarTvelos istoriaSi aRiniSneba Zalian mniSvne­ ­
lovani Tavisebureba ritmuli ganviTarebis Tvalsaz­
risiT. Svidsaukunovani ritmi zogadad damaxa­siaTe­belia
kacobriobis ganviTarebis istoriisTvis. saqar­ Tvelos
istoria am TvalsazrisiTac eqvemdebareba zogad­
sakacobrio Svidsaukunovani ritmis kanonzomierebebs,
magram mas aqvs Tavisi sakuTari ritmic. igi gulisxmobs
erTi zodiaquri periodis sam SvideulSi (3-jer 720,
anu 2160 wlis ganmavlobaSi), sruliad gansxvavebuli
kanonzomierebiT ganviTarebas. am Svidsaukunovan peri­
odebs pirobiTad SeiZleba vuwodoT CasunTqva, amo­
sunTqva da Zili.
qarTveli eri garkveul periodSi iwyebs CasunTqvas,
anu sxva kulturebidan mopovebuli impulsebis Zalian
intensiur SeTvisebas. amisTvis aucilebelia, rom mas
gaaCndes is elastiuroba, moqniloba, rac gulisxmobs
Zvelis daTmobas da axali impulsebis miRebas.
am Svidsaukunovani Camoyalibebis Semdeg is iwyebs
amosunTqvas, anu Sinaganad gadamuSavebuli am impulsebis
gacemas. am dros eri ufro mkvrivdeba, erovnuli sulis
zemoqmedeba fizikur konstituciamde Camodis, eris
fizikuri sxeuli erovnuli niSniT aRibeWdeba. roca
igi amTavrebs sakuTari Tavis realizacias, gadadis
Zilis mdgomareobaSi da es Zilic daaxloebiT Svidi

_ 281 _
saukunis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeba. am dros xdeba Zveli
impulsebisgan ganTavisufleba da axali CasunTqvisaTvis
momzadeba. es ritmebi gansxvavdeba Cveulebrivi
zogadsakacobrio Svidsaukunovani ritmebisagan da is
daaxloebiT 3-4 saukuniT adre iwyeba, ese igi, naxevari
cikliTaa gadanacvlebuli. es gadanacvleba swored
imis saSualebas iZleva, rom sworad moxdes erovnuli
potenciis realizacia. qarTveli erisTvis mudmivad iyo
damaxasiaTebeli, rom is yovelTvis raRac axal impulsebs
amzadebda. raRac rom momzaddes, aucilebelia, rom is
garkveuli periodiT win uswrebdes im movlenebs, rac
unda ganviTardes im regionSi, rasTan mimarTebaSic mas
istoriuli misia gaaCnia.
erT-erTi umTavresi Tavisebureba qarTveli eris
ganviTarebisa, aris swored sakuTari ritmis arseboba,
romlis TiToeuli faza daaxloebiT Svidi saukune
grZeldeba. es aris erTi mesamedi zodiaquri ciklisa.
am kanonzomierebas Tu gaviTvaliswinebT da dRevandel
periods wina periodebs SevadarebT, aRmoCndeba, rom
dRevandeli epoqa SesabamisobaSia farnavazis epo­
qasTan. maSinac damTavrda garkveuli Zilis epoqa da
daiwyo gamoRviZeba, anu axali kulturis CasunTqva.
am TvalsazrisiT Tamarisa da daviTis epoqa, roca
saqarTvelom ukve miaRwia Tavisi nayofis gamoRebis
periods, aris amosunTqvis periodi. es periodi srul
simetriaSia kolxur samyarosTan, aietis epoqasTan, roca
xdeba oqros sawmisis waReba, roca kolxurma samyarom
kacobriobisTvis Tavisi nayofi gamoiRo.
Tu imave konteqstSi gavagrZelebT Sedarebas, cxadia,
rom is periodi, rac ase axloa Cvens istoriasTan, Tamaris
Semdeg, ese igi, mZlavri saxelmwifos dacemis Semdeg,
faqtobrivad, XX saukunis bolomde _ es aris Zilis
periodi, rodesac saqarTvelo ukve aRar monawileobs
sakacobrio kulturis mSeneblobaSi. is mTlianad

_ 282 _
mowyvetilia am sferos. es periodi SeiZleba SevadaroT im
dros, rodesac kolxuri kulturis dacemis Semdeg xdeba
qarTuli kulturis mkveTri degradacia. istoriuli
wyaroebic imis Sesaxeb iuwyebian, rom saqarTvelo
damsgavsebulia naqalaqarebs, arseboben adgilebi sadac
odesRac iyo vercxlis sabadoebi da ukve aris mxolod
naSTebi im Zveli, mZlavri kulturisa. es Seexeba ara
mxolod kolxur samyaros, aramed samxreT saqarTvelos
regionebsac. aq iyo Zalian mZlavri tomebi da mZlavri
gaerTianebebi, romlebsac hqondaT mdidari qalaqebi.
Zveli wyaroebi naTlad iuwyebian am periodSi qalaqebis
dacemis Sesaxeb.
swored amgvari gaazreba qarTuli kulturisa, roca
is mudmivad erT ideaze ki ar aris koncentrirebuli,
aramed gaaCnia aRdgomisa da sikvdilis, Zilisa da
RviZilis ritmuli monacvleobis unari, rogorc Cans,
iZleoda safuZvels imisTvis, rom qarTul religiur
cnobierebaSi gaCeniliyo idea imis Sesaxeb, rom qarTveli
eri iarsebebs meored mosvlamde, bolo Jamamde, rom
mas Tavisi funqcia im periodSic ki eqneba da maSin unda
aRasrulos Tavisi mniSvnelovani amocana. es, ra Tqma
unda, religiur enazea gamoTqmuli, magram safuZvels
iZleva arsebobdes ganwyobileba, rom qarTvel ers
mudmivad ganaxlebis unari aqvs.
eris biografiis ritmul movlenebTan dakavSirebiT,
cxadia, droiTi masStabi did diapazonSi SeiZleba ganvi­
xiloT. amjerad SeiZleba am ritmuli kanonzomierebebis
kidev erT aspeqts SevexoT.
roca saubaria adamianis arsebaze, yvelaze ufro
cxadad aRsaqmeli misi fizikuri sxeulia. misi kvlevac
yvelaze metad eqvemdebareba samecniero meTodikas. isic
sruliad cxadia, rom adamianis arseba fizikuri sxeuliT
ar Semoifargleba.
adamianis agebulebis zogadi sqema Zveli droidanve

_ 283 _
Camoyalibebuli saxiT arsebobda da msoflios yvela
kulturisTvis daaxloebiT erTi da imave saxiT iyo
cnobili. farTo gagebiT ganxiluli sxeulebrioba mudam
samwevrovnad warmoedginaT. adamiani Sedgeba fizikuri
sxeulisgan, anu gvamisgan, sasicocxlo sxeulisgan
da grZnobadi sxeulisgan. es definacia samecniero
sferoSi aristotelem Semoitana. sasicocxlo sxeuls is
vegetaciur sxeuls uwodebda, xolo grZnobad sxeuls _
animalurs.
sxeulis garda adamianis Semdgom nawils warmoadgens
samSvinveli, romelic aseve samwevrovnad iyo warmod­
genili.
samSvinvelisgan gansxvavebulia adamianuri arsebis
kidev ufro maRali nawili _ suli.
adamianis arsebis warmodgenili interpretacia
met-naklebad gaziarebulia rogorc samecniero, aseve
sulieri wreebis mier. problema kidev ufro rTuldeba,
roca imave konteqstSi ara calkeul adamianur indi­
vidualobas, aramed adamianTa raime erTobas vixilavT.
aseT erTobaTa erT-erT specifikur jgufs warmoadgens
eri. am SemTxvevaSi kidev ufro Znelad aRsaqmelia is
faqti, rom yovel xalxTa erTobas da gansakuTrebiT
Camoyalibebul ers aqvs Tavisi `jgufuri sxeulic~,
`jgufuri samSvinvelic~ da `jgufuri sulic~.
am SemTxvevaSic fizikuri aspeqti ufro advilad
aRsaqmelia. eri konkretuli fizikuri adamianebisgan
Sedgeba. maT dedamiwaze konkretuli fizikuri garemo
ukaviaT. es fizikuri parametrebi ukve SeiZleba eris
arsebobis fizikur parametrebad ganvixiloT.
problema ufro rTuldeba, roca saubaria ama Tu
im eris `koleqtiur cnobierebaze~, `koleqtiur grZno­
badobaze~, `koleqtiur sasicocxlo Zalebze~, `koleqtiur
samSvinvelze~ da gansakuTrebiT _ `koleqtiur sulze~.
problema imaSia, rom gansaxilveli sferoebi

_ 284 _
imdenad did diapazonSi `iweleba~, rom erTi sferos
kvlevis meTodebis gavrceleba masTan didad daSorebul
sferoebze sruliad gamousadegari xdeba. cxadia,
fizikuri samyaros kvlevis meTodika sulis kvlevisas
veraviTar Sedegebs ver iZleva.
amjerad, gvinda SevexoT im movlenebs, rac eris
cnobierebaSi koleqtiuri faqtorebidan xdeba da Semdeg
igi garegnul istoriaSic garkveuli saxiT aisaxeba.
ese igi, Sinagani koleqtiuri ganwyobileba garkveul
kanonzomierebebs eqvemdebareba, xolo es ganwyobileba
garegnul istoriaSi im reaqciaSi vlindeba, rasac es
koleqtivi garemos mimarT amJRavnebs. am SemTxvevaSi,
cxadia, mniSvneloba unda mieniWos rogorc eris Sinagan
impulsebs, aseve im garegan faqtorebs, rasac misgan
damoukideblad mimdinare istoriuli procesi sTavazobs.
Zvel droSi didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda varskvlavur
konstelaciebs _ astrologiur movlenebs, rasac yoveli
adamianis bedisweras ukavSirebdnen. Zvel epoqaSi
astro­ logiuri kanonzomierebebi ueWvo WeSmaritebad
iTvleboda. kacobriobis evoluciis procesSi astro­
logiuri `WeSmaritebebi~ nel-nela gafermkrTalda.
wina planze mecnieruli ganWvreta gamovida. es movlena
sruliad kanonzomieri iyo. adamianis azrovnebiTi unari
gaZlierda da man movlenebis racionaluri ganWvretis
unari SeiZina, magram aranakleb mniSvnelovania is
faqti, rom Tavad adamianis arseba Seicvala. is ufro
individualuri gaxda. misi `me~-s Zalebi gaZlierda.
adamiani sakuTar Tavs ukve naklebad ganicdida raime
koleqtivis ganuyofel nawilad. mas me-cnobiereba ga­
nuviTarda. sakuTari Tavi naTlad gamoacalkeva koleq­
tivisgan _ sakuTari sxeulebrivi `CarCoebiT~ Se­
moisazRvra.
aseTi individualuri arseba naklebad gaxda damoki­
debuli varskvlavur konstelaciebze. man Tavisi bedis­

_ 285 _
weris didi nawili sakuTari nebis Zalebs `gadaabara~.
individualizaciis es procesi realuri movlenaa, magram
adamianTa mecnieruli warmodgena am `individualur
Tavisuflebaze~ Zalze Sors wavida da SeiZleba iTqvas,
realobas gaaswro. mecnieruli azri absoluturi
Tavisuflebis iluziaSi aRmoCnda. man dakarga rogorc
kosmogoniuri, aseve RvTaebrivi kanonzomierebebis
gancda. Tumca azrovnebis mzem garemomcveli samyaro
gaanaTa da Ramis cnobierebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
varskvlavuri ca gaafermkrTala, magram yuradRebidan
daikarga is faqti, rom dRis ganmavlobaSi kaSkaSa cazec
iseve arseboben varskvlavebi, rogorc RamiT. isini
dRisiTac iseve moZraoben, rogorc RamiT. varskvlavebi
mzis naTebam gaxada CvenTvis uxilavi. maTi arsebobis
kanonzomiereba dRisiTac da RamiTac erTi da igivea.
koleqtiuri cnobierebisgan individis ganTavisuf­
leba realuri, kanonzomieri faqtia.
bunebrivia, daisvas kiTxva: adamiani ki nawilobriv
ganTavisuflda koleqtiuri bediswerisgan, anu varskvla­
vebiT gamosaxuli kanonzomierebebisgan, magram Tavad am
koleqtivTan mimarTebaSi ra moxda? koleqtivic aseve
`individualur koleqtivad~ iqca, Tu man SeinarCuna
`koleqtiuri cnobierebis~ niSnebi?
individisTvis damaxasiaTebel kanonzomierebebs
meqa­nikurad ver gavavrcelebT koleqtivze. cxadia, ko­
leqtivma metad SeinarCuna `koleqtiuri cnobiereba~,
radgan es Tviseba swored misi arsebobis umTavresi
ganmsazRvreli fenomenia.
sruliad legitimuria, rom gareSe faqtorebis ze­
moq­
medeba ganvixiloT calkeuli individisTvisac da
calkeuli koleqtivisTvisac. amave dros unda gaviTva­
liswinoT, rom individis ganxilvisas mniSvnelovani roli
unda mieniWos mis individualur Tavisuflebasac, rac
mkveTrad cvlis misi bediswerisadmi damokidebulebas.

_ 286 _
individi `valdebulia~ bediswerisgan ganTavisufldes.
es misi religiuri movaleobacaa _ misi evoluciis
aucilebeli mimarTulebaa. Tavisi bedisweris did na­
wils adamiani TviTon qmnis. nawilobriv es movlena
koleqtivsac exeba, ramdenadac misi Semadgeneli indi­
videbis Tavisufali neba maszec moqmedebs, magram
mTli­ anobaSi radgan jer kidev arsebobs `koleqtiuri
cnobiereba~, `koleqtiuri mexsiereba~, es jgufi ufro
metadaa damokidebuli garegan faqtorebze da Tavad mis
arsebaSi arsebul qvecnobier memkvidreobaze.
miuxedavad imisa, rom eri pirovnebasTan SedarebiT
ufro metadaa damokidebuli varskvlavuri samyarodan
momdinare impulsebze, sxva gareSe faqtorebma SesaZloa
imdenad gadafaron es zemoqmedeba, rom garegnul cxov­
rebaSi is SeumCneveli darCes. SeiZleba isec moxdes, rom
gareSe faqtorebma gaaZlieron misi moqmedeba. es gareSe
faqtorebi Zalian bevri movlena SeiZleba iyos, maT Soris
romelime konkretuli individualobis nebelobiTi
impulsic ki. Zlier individualobas, romelsac gavlena
aqvs koleqtivis cnobierebaze, SeuZlia garkveulad
Secvalos am koleqtivis ganviTarebis mimarTuleba.
erT-erTi `varskvlavuri faqtori~, rac mkveTrad
vlindeba rogorc calkeuli individualobis, aseve
koleqtivis aracnobier cxovrebaSi, aris egreT wodebuli
mTvaris maryuJi.
mTvaris maryuJs cikluri saxe aqvs da 18 welsa da 7
Tves grZeldeba. ese igi, mTvaris zemoqmedebas rogorc
individis, aseve koleqtivis cxovrebaSi 18 wliTa da 7
TviT gansazRvruli ritmi Semoaqvs.
amis garda, Zveli droidanve SemCneulia, rom dro­
is kalendarul aRricxvaSi mTvareuli da mziuri kalen­
drebis Tanxvedra aseve 19 weliwadSi xdeba.
yoveli 19 wlis Semdeg kviris dReebi imave ricxvebSi
meordeba. mzisa da mTvaris kalendrebi 19-wliani cikliT

_ 287 _
emTxveva erTmaneTs. es kanonzomiereba metonma aRmoaCina
da mas metonis cikli ewodeba.
rogorc vxedavT, mzisa da mTvaris urTierTmimarTe­
baSi ikveTeba 19-wliani cikli, rac garkveuli impulsebis
ganmeorebadobaze mianiSnebs. ese igi, impulsebi, romlebic
dedamiwaze mTvaridan momdinareobs, 19-wliani cikliT
meordeba. maTze msjelobisTvis saWiroa gavarkvioT,
ra sulieri impulsebi momdinareobs mTvaridan, ra
zemoqmedeba vlindeba individis an koleqtivis samSvin­
velSi?
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani faqtori, rac adamianur
ar­
sebas ukavSirdeba da mTvaridan stimulirdeba, aris
mexsiereba.
radgan mze-mTvaris mimarTeba 19-wliani cikliT
meordeba, yovel drois etapze mTvareuli zemoqmedeba
aRZravs 19 wlis winandeli ganwyobilebis impulsur
anarekls. ese igi, mexsierebaSi qvecnobierad `amoa­
tivtivebs~ 19 wlis winandel im gancdebs, rac maSin
samSvinvelSi aRibeWda. 19 wlis winandeli STabeWdileba
qvecnobierad vlindeba individis an koleqtivis qve­
cnobier sferoSi, rasac SeiZleba realur yofaSi Se­
sabamisi reaqcia mohyves. es reaqcia sxva gareSe faq­
torebiT SeiZleba gaZlierdes an Sesustdes. ese igi, Tu
romelime koleqtivis istorias ganvixilavT, SeiZleba
aRmovaCinoT, rom raime ori mniSvnelovani movlena,
erTmaneTisgan daaxloebiT 19 wliTaa dacilebuli da
meoris gamovlinebas safuZvlad daedo koleqtivis
qvecnobier sferoSi moqmedi impulsi, romelic wina
movlenis ganwyobilebis gaxsenebiTaa gamowveuli. Tavad
es ori movlena SeiZleba mkveTrad gansxvavebuli iyos,
magram es Sinagani safuZveli erTiani eqneba.
radgan aseTi kanonzomierebebi koleqtivis mgrZno­
belobas exeba, dakvirvebisTvis sasurvelia arCeuli
iqnas monakveTi uaxlesi istoriidan, risi faqtebi da

_ 288 _
Sedegebic detaluradaa Semonaxuli. Zveli istoriebis
ganxilvisas sxvadasxva emociuri ganwyobilebebi, rogorc
istoriuli faqtebi, xSirad ar aris SemorCenili. koleq­
tivis ganwyobilebas, Tu mas ar mosdevs mniSvnelovani
istoriuli movlena, istoria, rogorc wesi, ar afiqsirebs.
am TvalsazrisiT, saqarTvelos istoriidan sasurvelia
ganvixiloT ukanaskneli 2-3 saukunis movlenebi, rac met-
naklebad farTodaa Seswavlili da daTariRebuli.
istoriul movlenebSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba
unda mieniWos ara oficialur iuridiul dokumentebSi
dafiqsirebul TariRebs, aramed eris Sinagani gan­ wyo­
bilebidan momdinare movlenebs, anda eris samSvinvelze
garedan momdinare im zemoqmedebas, rac masSi mkveTr
kvals tovebs.
1989 wlis dasawyisSi saqarTveloSi erovnulma
moZraobam farTo masStabebi miiRo. erovnuli samSvinveli
Zalze koncentrirebuli gaxda. igi mZafrad reagirebda
gareSe Tu Sida faqtorebze. am dros moxda Zalze uxeSi
impulsebis SemoWra _ 9 aprils mSvidobiani mitingis
darbeva da adamianebis daxocva erovnul tragediad iqna
aRqmuli. am movlenam mTeli qveynis masStabiT kidev
ufro radikaluri konsolidacia moaxdina da Semdeg
wlebSi ganviTarebul movlenebzec didi gavlena iqonia.
mokle istoriul droSi Semdegac mZafri movlenebi
ganviTarda _ damoukideblobis mopoveba, saxelmwifo
ga­
datrialeba, samoqalaqo dapirispireba, korufciis
ayvaveba, vardebis revolucia da a. S.
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani movlena 9 aprilis Semdgom
istoriaSi iyo 2008 wlis omi. erTi SexedviT, am or
movlenas erTmaneTTan pirdapiri kavSiri ara aqvs. Tu
mainc movnaxavT maT Soris msgavsebas, davinaxavT, rom
es aris mZafri dapirispireba rusul xelisuflebasTan.
orive SemTxvevaSi saxezea pirdapiri rusuli agresia da
saqarTvelos mosaxleobis mZafri reaqcia mis mimarT.

_ 289 _
ese igi, 1989 wlis 9 aprils moxda dapirispireba
ruseTis xelisuflebasa da qarTvel xalxs Soris. es
movlena orive mxaris qvecnobier sferoSi mkveTrad
aisaxa. orive koleqtiurma da masTan erTad calkeul
individTa mexsierebam qvecnobier sferoSi `Seinaxa~ 9
aprilis STabeWdileba. garegan cxovrebaSi 9 aprilis
STabeWdilebebi Semdgomi movlenebiT gadaifara da
eris yuradReba male sxva movlenebze gadaerTo. zemoT
gadmocemuli kanonzomierebis mixedviT igi qvecnobieri
siRrmidan unda amotivtivebuliyo 19 wlis Semdeg, anu
maSin, roca mTvare erT maryuJs daasrulebda da mze-
mTvaris kalendaruli dReebi kvlav imave TanwyobaSi
dabrundeboda.
saqarTvelosa da ruseTs Soris daZabuli foni
didi xania arsebobda. konfliqti raRac saxiT adre Tu
gvian albaT gamovlindeboda, magram gansakuTrebulma
varskvlavurma konstelaciam mexsierebidan amoativtiva
Sinagani impulsebi, ramac kidev ufro gaaZliera
dapirispireba. am konfrontacias Sedegad 2008 wlis
agvistos omi mohyva. am omsa da 1989 wlis aprilis
movlenebs swored 19 weli aSorebT. ese igi, 1989 wlis
aRniSnuli `varskvlavuri konstelacia~ (mTvarisa
da mzis urTierTTanwyoba) 2008 wels gameorda. am
gameorebam orive mxaris qvecnobier siRrmeebSi CabeWdili
ganwyobileba grZnobad zedapirze amoativtiva, rac
xelSemwyobi piroba gaxda axali agresiisTvis.
me-20 saukunis ruseTis imperiis sivrceSi erT-
erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani movlena iyo 1917 wlis
revolucia. es revolucia or etapad ganxorcielda.
gazafxulze erTgvarad Sejamda mTeli qveynis masStabiT
mimdinare masobrivi mRelvareba, rasac xelisuflebis
gadayeneba mohyva. am SemTxveviT isargebles bolSevikebma
da Semodgomaze ukve samxedro gadatrialebis gziT
daeuflnen Zalauflebas. bolSevikur gadatrialebas

_ 290 _
Sedegad samoqalaqo omi mohyva, rasac ZiriTadad
1918 wels hqonda adgili. samoqalaqo omma imperiis
udidesi nawili moicva. Seqmnili situaciiT isargebles
kavkasiis qveynebma da imperias droebiT Tavi daaRwies.
saqarTvelom 1918 wels damoukidebloba gamoacxada da
aqtiurad Seudga axali tipis qarTuli saxelmwifos
mSeneblobas. amave periodSi saqarTvelos ramdenime
frontze mouxda samxedro dapirispirebebi. samxedro
Setakebebi moxda rogorc cxinvalis regionSi, aseve
afxazeTSi. seriozuli samxedro dapirispireba iyo
mezobel somxeTTan, TurqeTTan, denikinis armiasTan.
saqarTvelos bevri problemis gadawyveta samxedro Zalis
gamoyenebiT mouxda.
zogadad, samxedro moqmedebebi ruseTis imperiis
mTel teritoriaze mimdinareobda.
cxadia, aseT mZafr movlenebs ar SeiZleba mniSv­
nelovani kvali ar daemCnia am imperiaSi mosaxle yvela
xalxze da maT Soris saqarTvelozec.
sabolood bolSevikebma gaimarjves. mTel imperiaSi
TavianTi wesrigi daamyares da am `wesrigs~ saqarTvelos
damoukideblobac Seewira. amis Semdeg sabWoTa qve­
yanam axleburi cxovreba daiwyo. man SeZlo Sinagani
winaaRmdegobebis daTrgunva da mis mTlianobas TiTqosda
araviTari safrTxe aRar emuqreboda. evropis qveynebic
Seeguvnen axali socialisturi tipis saxelmwifos
arsebobas. am fonze mTeli qveynis masStabiT situacia
Zalze garTulda 1936 wels. winaaRmdegobis talRam
axleburi saxiT `gaiRviZa~. stalinis reJimmac ar daayovna
da 1937 wels axali represiebi daiwyo. am represiebs
milionobiT adamiani Seewira. sazogadoebis protestis
yovelgvari gamovlineba umkacresi meTodebiT daiTrguna.
Tavad am protestis gamoxatvis periodi ar iyo
SemTxveviTi. 1917-18 wlebidan 1936-37 wlebis periodamde
swored mTvaris erTi maryuJis periodia _ 19 weli.

_ 291 _
sazogadoebis mexsierebam am dros axali impulsebi
amoativtiva, rac garegnul cxovrebaSic TvalsaCino
gaxda. swored es iyo axali represiebis mizezi.
bolSevikuri revoluciisa da samoqalaqo omidan
19 wlis Semdeg kidev erTxel mouxdaT sazogadoebis
bunebrivi ganwyobilebis Zalismieri daTrgunva. es
represiebi, cxadia, saqarTvelosac Seexo.
Tavis mxriv, am axalma represiebmac Tavisi kvali
datova qarTveli xalxis koleqtiur cnobierebaze _ mis
erovnul samSvinvelSi aRibeWda. mas Semdeg kidev bevri
mZafri movlena moxda (samamulo omi, socialisturi mo­
mavlis mSenebloba, komunizmis ideologiis ganmtkice­
ba), magram 1937 wlis dafarul Wrilobas ar SeiZleba
Tavisi gamovlena ar hqonoda mTvaris kidev erTi ciklis
Semdeg. es movlena 19 wlis Semdeg, 1956 wels aRiniSna.
am wels kidev erTxel qarTveli eris samSvinvelSi
protestis grZnobam gaiRviZa. am protestis garegnuli
sababi stalinTan dakavSirebuli movlenebi iyo. stalinis
qarTuli warmomavlobis gamo mis winaaRmdeg gamoxatuli
kritika saqarTvelos mosaxleobis nawilma erovnul
Seuracxyofad miiRo. am garegnuli mizezis miuxedavad,
saqarTveloSi gamovlenili saprotesto talRa erovnuli
grZnobebis gamococxlebas gamoxatavda. am saprotesto
garemoSi aRorZinda saqarTvelos Tavisuflebis idea,
rac arsebuli reJimis pirobebSi sruliad ararealuri
iyo.
1956 wlis 9 marts aqcia demonstrantebis darbeviTa da
daxvretiT dasrulda. savaraudod, 23 adamiani daiRupa.
bevric daiWra. represiebi dapatimrebebiT gagrZelda.
stalini am movlenamde sami wliT adre gardaicvala.
misi kritikac imave wels daiwyo. saprotesto gamosvlebis
safuZveli manamdec arsebobda, magram realurad Tavis
kulminacias man swored am dros miaRwia. ese igi,
garegnuli faqtoris arsebobis SemTxvevaSi erovnulma

_ 292 _
samSvinvelma qvecnobier sferodan damatebiTi impulsi
miiRo. miuxedavad imisa, rom 1937 wlis represiebTan 1956
wlis aqcias pirdapiri kavSiri ara aqvs, maTi Rrma Sinagani
kavSiri swored qvecnobier sferoSi vlindeba. mTvaris
kidev erTi ciklis gameorebam erovnul mexsierebaSi 19
wlis winandeli tkivilis grZnoba gaacocxla. es iyo
qvecnobieri gaxseneba, rac im etapze arsebuli gareSe
gaRizianebis mimarT protestSi gamovlinda.
mTvaris `mexsierebiT~ nacionaluri mgrZnobelobis
gaZliereba yvela xalxis istoriaSi arsebobs. SeiZleba
magaliTis saxiT moviyvanoT germaniis SemTxveva.
1914 wlis msoflio omSi bevri germaneli daiRupa.
1917 wels germanelma mistikosma gvido fon listma
iwinaswarmetyvela, rom germanuli koleqtiuri suli
radikaluri saxiT gamovlindeboda 1932 wels. Semdeg,
marTalia, man nacionaluri ganwyobilebis aRorZineba
gardacvlilTa sulebs daukavSira, magram, faqtia, rom
1933 wlis arCevnebSi nacistebma gaimarjves da marTlac
radikaluri nacionalisturi ganwyobileba aRorZinda.
advili SesamCnevia, rom es movlena 1914 wlidan swored
19 wlis Semdeg moxda. 1933 wlamde swored mTvaris erTi
maryuJia. am `varskvlavuri~ konstelaciis gameorebam xeli
Seuwyo germaniis Selaxuli nacionaluri Tavmoyvareobis
axlebur gamococxlebas. rogorc cnobilia, Tavad
adolf hitleric monawileobda 1914 wlis msoflio omSi
da mis biografiaSi xazgasmiTaa aRniSnuli, rom germaniis
marcxma masze gansakuTrebulad damTrgunvelad imoqmeda.
misi Semdgomi moqmedebebi didadaa damokidebuli mis
imJamindel stresul mdgomareobaze.
1991-93 wlebis movlenebi sruliad gansakuTrebuli
iyo saqarTvelos istoriaSi. samoqalaqo omisa da
gadayenebul xelisuflebasTan brZolis pirobebSi
eduard SevardnaZem mxolod 1993 wlis dasawyisSi,
zviad gamsaxurdias gardacvalebis Semdeg ganimtkica

_ 293 _
xelisufleba. sazogadoebis nawili am movlenas nega­
tiurad afasebda, magram didi nawili imediT uyurebda
gadatrialebis uSualo Semsruleblebis Zalauflebis
Sesustebas da eduard SevardnaZis mmarTvelobis gam­
yarebas. bevri eloda cvlilebebs.
marTalia, es ganwyobilebac male ganelda, magram
ukvalod ar gamqrala. kidev erTi mTvaris maryuJis Sem­
deg igi garkveuli saxiT amotivtivda 2012 wels _ 19
wlis Semdeg. am impulsmac damatebiTi foni Seqmna im
adamianebis cnobierebaSi, visac sasikeTo gardaqmnebis
imedi hqonda. SesaZloa, is gadamwyveti faqtori ar iyo,
magram xelisSemwyob pirobas uTuod warmoadgenda.
advilad SevamCnevT, rom bevri movlena, rac sa­
qarTvelos istoriaSi eris mSvinvieri ganwyobilebis
aqtiuri gamoxatviT aRiniSna, swored mTvaris erTi
maryuJiTaa erTmaneTTan dacilebuli. magaliTad, geor­
gievskis traqtati (1783 w.) da aneqsiis winaaRmdeg mimar­
Tuli ajanyeba 1802 wels. aseve 1905 wlis revoluciuri
amboxeba da Semdeg ukve aneqsirebuli saqarTvelos 1924
wlis ajanyeba.
aseve mTvaris erTi maryuJiTaa dacilebuli saqar­
Tvelos 1801-1802 wlebis aneqsia da 1920 wlis sa­ xal­
xo ajanyeba (marTalia, igi ZiriTadad dasavleT sa­
qarTveloSi aRiniSna).
1985 wlis 23 aprils sabWoTa kavSiris kompartiis
centraluri komitetis generalur mdivnad mixeil gor­
baCovi airCies. es movlena ramdenime weli mzaddeboda.
sabWoTa sistemis krizisi aSkara iyo da adre Tu gvian
gardaqmnebi unda dawyebuliyo. qveynis progresul
sazogadoebasTan erTad qarTvel xalxsac gardaqmnebis
imedi Caesaxa. gardaqmnebis procesi, marTalia, qaoturad,
magram realurad daiwyo. sabolood, saqarTvelos
damoukideblobis mopovebac misi erT-erTi Sedegi iyo.
1985 wlis aprilSi gorbaCovis qveynis saTaveSi mosvla

_ 294 _
namdvili revolucia iyo. am movlenidan zustad 18
wliTa da 7 TviTaa dacilebuli 2003 wlis 23 noemberi,
anu saqarTveloSi momxdari vardebis revolucia. ese igi,
am or movlenas Sorisac erTi mTvaris maryuJis periodi
gasula.
garegnulad am istoriuli faqtebis damTxveva mxolod
SemTxveviTobad gamoiyureba, magram Tu yuradRebiT
davakvirdebiT eris qvecnobieri siRrmeebidan momdinare
impulsebs, maTSi gansxvavebuli saxis bevr kanonzomierebas
aRmovaCenT.

_ 295 _
 t r a d i c ie bi da T a na me d roveob a

yvela epoqaSi Tanadrouli problematikis ganxilvisas

yovelTvis dgas erTi, centraluri amocana. es amocana
mdgomareobs imis garkvevaSi, Tu ramdenad obieqturia is
sazogadoebrivi procesebi, rac am dros mimdinareobs,
ramdenad Seesabameba is Tanadrouli epoqis moTxovnebs da
saerTod, evoluciis kanonzomierebebs. awmyoSi mimdinare
sazogadoebrivi procesebis da, miT umetes, momavlis
tendenciebis garkvevisas, yovelTvis centralurad rCeba
is sakiTxic, Tu ramdenad momdinareobs es procesebi
warsulis memkvidreobidan, ramdenad obieqturad efuZ­
neba warsulis movlenebs. radgan yoveli awmyo xval
ukve warsuli xdeba, amitomac es amocana yovel epoqaSi
axlebur gadawyvetas moiTxovs. am problemis garkvevisas
mza formulebi ar arsebobs.
warsulze saubrisas Cven bunebrivad vexebiT iseT
cnebebs, rogoricaa, magaliTad, memkvidreoba, tradicia.
Tanamedrove epoqaSi iseve, rogorc sxva cnebebma, maTac
dakarges TavisTavadi Sinaarsebi da yovelTvis, garkveul
konteqstSi maTi ganxilvisas, saWiroa davazustoT, Tu
ras vgulisxmobT. maTi Sinaarsi Zalian mravalmxrivad
SeiZleba iqnes warmodgenili.
ese igi, roca Cven vxmarobT iseT termins, rogoricaa
tradicia, yovelTvis raRac garkveul Sinaarss Tavad­
ve vdebT am cnebaSi. xSirad SesaZloa es Sinaarsi
dacilebulic kia im TavisTavad Sinaarss, rasac es sityva
odesRac gulisxmobda.
tradiciis cneba bunebrivad ukavSirdeba meore iseT
cnebas, rogoricaa mexsiereba, romelic, Tavis mxrivac
Zalian farTo cnebaa. tradiciis cneba, romelic,

_ 296 _
warsulidan momdinareobs, aucileblad dakavSirebulia
awmyosTan, radgan tradicia TavisTavad aris is, rac
awmyoSi arsebobs. ese igi, es aris awmyoSi arsebuli raRac
movlena, romelic warsulidan momdinareobs.
awmyoSi moqmedi tradicia SeiZleba davyoT sam
nawilad.
pirveli _ es aris yvelaze ufro cocxali saxiT
warmodgenili tradicia, rasac SeiZleba ewodos warsulis
gancda awmyoSi, ese igi, raRac iseTi, rac arsebobda
warsulSi da cocxali saxiT arsebobs awmyoSic.
meore jgufad SeiZleba warmovadginoT sazogadoebis
samSvinvelis mexsiereba warsulis Sesaxeb. am SemTxvevaSi
igulisxmeba ufro qvecnobieri fena, roca samSvinveli
qvecnobier SreSi inarCunebs raRac mexsierebas warsulis
Sesaxeb da igi dResac agrZelebs moqmedebas.
mesame jgufi tradiciisa, ukve aris iseTi tradicia,
romelic awmyoSi narCeni rudimentis saxiTaa SemorCenili.
sazogadoebis cnobierebaSi mas aRar gaaCnia cocxali
gancda, Tumca ki garegnulad kvlav vlindeba.
ese igi, zogadad, tradiciis cneba warmovadgineT sam
safexurad:
1. warsulis cocxali gancda awmyoSi;
2. samSvinvelis mexsiereba warsulis Sesaxeb;
3. mkvdari, rudimentuli tradicia.
bunebrivia, amgvari daSlili saxiT warmodgenili
tra­diciis gagebas ukve erTi da igive asociacia veRar
Seesabameba.
rogorc aRvniSneT, tradiciis cnebasTan uaRresad
mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli meore, aseve mniSvnelovani
cneba _ mexsiereba. swored mexsierebaa tradiciis erT-
erTi centraluri sayrdeni. zogadad, mexsierebazec
sxvadasxva kuTxiT SeiZleba saubari, magram amjerad
mexsierebis definicia kacobriobis evoluciasTan mi­
_ 297 _
marTebaSi warmovadginoT.
mexsierebis pirvelad formad unda miviCnioT egreT
wodebuli lokalizebuli mexsiereba. es aris mexsierebis
is forma, romelic ufro metad garegani mexsierebis
formiT xasiaTdeba. igi garegani mexsierebaa imdenad,
ramdenadac ukavSirdeba im garegan sagnebsa da niSnebs,
risi aRqmis Semdegac adamians garkveul procesTan an
movlenasTan dakavSirebiT mogoneba uCndeba.
kacobriobis evoluciis TvalsazrisiT lokali­
ze­
buli mexsierebis forma uZvelesi formaa. lokali­
zebuli mexsiereba damaxasiaTebelia rogorc calkeuli
individisTvis, aseve koleqtivisTvis. adamiani raime
movlenis gasaxseneblad Tavis gare samyaroSi, im sam­
yaroSi, romelSic mas cxovreba uxdeba, tovebs
garkveul niSans. kacobriobisTvis mexsierebis am formas
odesRac masobrivi xasiaTi hqonda. Tu davakvirdebiT
Cvens yofa-cxovrebas, davinaxavT, rom mexsierebis es
forma kvlavac SemorCenilia, xolo garkveul xalxebSi
da garkveul adamianTa jgufebSi mas intensiuri
xasiaTi aqvs. mexsierebis es forma farTod vlindeba
kultmsaxurebaSic.
odesRac raime mniSvnelovani movlenis aRsaniSnavad
stelas dgamdnen. xSirad analogiur movlenas dResac aqvs
adgili. sakulto sagnebic xSirad swored am lokalizebul
garegan mexsierebas ukavSirdeba. Cveulebriv yofa-
cxovrebaSic ki, magaliTad, rodesac Cven xelze vixatavT
raime niSans raRacis gasaxseneblad, esec, TavisTavad,
lokalizebuli mexsierebis formaa. mexsierebis es
forma ufro metadaa damaxasiaTebeli aRmosavleTis
xalxebisTvis, vidre dRevandeli dasavleTisTvis, xolo
afrikaSi, avstraliaSi da sxva regionebSi igi dResac
Zalze aqtualuria.
kacobriobis evolucia ise ganviTarda, rom loka­
lizebuli mexsierebis es forma Semdeg TandaTan gadavida

_ 298 _
egreT wodebul ritmul mexsierebaSi. ritmuli mexsiereba
momdinareobs adamianis Sinagani moTxovnilebidan, rom
ama Tu im movlenas raRac ritmi daukavSiros. ufro Zvel
stadiaze, es iyo kosmosuri ritmi, rac farTo gagebiT,
SeiZleba, kosmosur harmoniaSi, xolo ufro lokalurad,
SeiZleba musikaSi gamoixatos. swored am periodisTvisaa
damaxasiaTebeli iseTi movlenebis Camoyalibeba, rogo­
ricaa sasimRero xelovneba, ritmuli poezia. ese igi,
adamians hqonda Sinagani mSvinvieri moTxovnileba,
Tavisave SigniT warmoeqmna is ritmi, romelic Sesa­
bamisobaSi iqneboda im kosmosur ritmTan, romelic
mis gareT arsebobda. igive ritmis gancda gamoixata
metyvelebaSic, sityvaTwarmoqmnis procesSi. uamravi
sityva swored amgvari safuZvlebidan momdinareobs,
magaliTad, qarTuli sityvebi mama, deda, papa, baba da a.
S. am sityvebSi garkveuli bgeris ritmuli monacvleoba
xdeba. amgvari swrafva ganviTarebis dRevandel safexurze
ufro metad bavSvebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli, radgan
swored bavSvebSia gamoxatuli kacobriobis evoluciis
is safexuri, romelic zogadad didi xnis gavlilia.
dRevandel yofa-cxovrebaSi Cven aseve didi doziT
gvaqvs SemorCenili ritmuli mexsierebis memkvidreoba.
Soreul epoqaSi adamiani imaxsovrebda da mexsierebaSi
aRadgenda im movlenebs, rac gamoixateboda ritmSi.
is Tavisi winaprebis sagmiro saqmeebs xSirad swored
ritmuli poeziis formaSi gadmoscemda. amis magaliTi,
cxadia, uamravia. igi gansakuTrebiT TvalnaTelia xal­
xur poeziaSi. swored am ritmuli mexsierebis gamo­
yenebiT xdeba Zalian Soreuli warsulis aRdgena.
Soreuli winaprebis gancda swored am ritmul poeziaSia
SesaZlebeli.
igive iTqmis aseve sasimRero xelovnebaze da masTan
dakavSirebul ritmebze.
mxolod mogvianebiT, kacobriobis ganviTarebis

_ 299 _
Sem­
dgom safexurze ganviTarda mexsierebis is forma,
ro­melic dRevandeli civilizebuli samyarosTvisaa
damaxasiaTebeli. es aris droiTi mexsiereba. am Sem­
TxvevaSi raime movlenis gaxseneba aRar aris auci­
leblobiT dakavSirebuli gare samyaroSi arsebul
niSanTan. gaxseneba SesaZlebelia mis gareSe. aseve ar aris
aucilebeli am gaxsenebasTan dakavSirebuli iyos raime
ritmuli procesi, raime Sinagani ritmuli gancda da am
Sinagani ritmis Sesabamisoba gare, ufro maRali rangis
ritmTan. ese igi, Cven aRar gvWirdeba aRarc gare sivrceSi
arsebuli sayrdeni da aRarc is Sinagani ritmi, romelic
aseve gare ritms Seesabameba. mexsierebis es mesame
forma, droiTi mexsiereba, bevrad ufro abstraqtulia,
vidre pirveli ori forma. adamians Tavis Sinagan
arsebaSi yovelgvari gareSe sagnisgan damoukideblad
SeuZlia gamoiwvios ukve ganvlilis xelmeored gancda,
gaxseneba. droiTi mexsierebis dros Cven warmosaxvaSi
vqmniT xatovan formas, romelic garkveulad Seesabameba
warsulSi arsebul realobas.
berZnuli kulturis Camoyalibebamde droiTi mex­
sierebis forma ar arsebobda. misi winamorbedi aziuri
kulturisTvis ZiriTadad ritmuli mexsiereba iyo
damaxasiaTebeli. amaze metyvelebs imdroindeli aziuri
kulturis Zeglebi. igi Zalian Rrmad iyo dakavSirebuli
kosmosur ritmTan da mis anarekls warmoadgenda.
faqtobrivad, es iyo kosmosuri mexsiereba.
lokalizebuli mexsiereba kidev ufro Zveli formaa,
vidre ritmuli mexsiereba. igi im periodSi arsebobda,
vidre Seiqmneboda Zveli induri kultura. swored
aqedan iwyeba ritmuli mexsierebis damkvidreba. manamde
adamiani dedamiwas ganicdida rogorc sakuTar Tavs.
sulieri TvalsazrisiT es asecaa _ dedamiwa swored
dakavSirebulia adamianis TavTan. adamians yvela
aRniSvna dahqonda dedamiwaze, anu, faqtobrivad, Tavis

_ 300 _
gareT arsebul Tavze. berZnuli kulturis damkvidrebis
Semdeg mexsierebam TandaTan Tavis siRrmeSi gadainacvla.
imis gamo, rom berZnuli cnobierebis dawyebamde ar
arsebobda droiTi mexsiereba, am dromde ar iwereboda
istoria. faqtobrivad, rasac Cven Zveli epoqis istorias
veZaxiT, SemorCenilia legendebisa da sagebis saxiT.
droiTi mexsierebis Camoyalibebas emTxveva is periodi,
rodesac adamiani iwyebs istoriis im saxiT gadmocemas,
rasac dRes Cven istorias vuwodebT _ faqtebi, mocemuli
statistikuri saxiT.
rogorc vxedavT, kacobriobis evoluciis procesSi
garegani mexsiereba TandaTan gardaiqmna Sinagan mex­
sierebad, mexsierebam gadainacvla adamianis Sinagan
arsebaSi.
mexsierebis is forma, rac dRevandeli qarTveli
erisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli, evoluciis Tanamedrove
safexurze didi doziT Seicavs mexsierebis samive
CamoTvlil formas, rogorc lokalizebul mexsierebas,
aseve ritmul mexsierebas da droiT mexsierebas.
koleqtiuri, erovnuli mexsierebiT mopovebuli mem­
kvidreoba, rasac, zogadad, Cven tradicias veZaxiT,
aseve warmodgenilia zemoT CamoTvlil definiciaTa
sruli speqtriT: warsulis cocxali gancda awmyoSi,
samSvinvelis aracnobieri mexsiereba warsulis Sesaxeb da
maTTan erTad arsebuli rudimentuli memkvidreoba, anu
mkvdari tradicia.
Tanamedrove etapze, Zalian Znelia vipovoT ama Tu im
tradiciis avtori. xSirad aseTi avtori arc arsebobs.
tradicia ZiriTadad xalxuri cnobierebis wiaRSia
Camoyalibebuli, magram tradiciis gamarTlebisTvis
arsebobs moTxovnileba, raRac sayrdeni arsebobdes
warsulSi. xSirad tradiciebi ukavSirdeba konkretul
adamianebs, an yovel SemTxvevaSi imaginaciurad mainc
xdeba raRac sayrdenebis povna konkretuli pirovnebebis

_ 301 _
saxiT, romlebic warsulSi moRvaweobdnen da didi
gavlena iqonies saqarTvelos istoriis Seqmnaze. qarTuli
kulturis memkvidreoba mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli
kon­ kretul moRvaweebTan. faqtobrivad, isini arian
saqarTvelos tradiciis nawili da Tavadac arian am
tradiciis Semqmnelebi.
vin arian es adamianebi? vis mivawerT Cven Tanamedrove
qarTuli kulturis Seqmnis tradiciis? aqve aucilebelia
daisvas erTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxi _ orientacia
tradiciaze niSnavs Tu ara orientacias warsulze,
warsulis mniSvnelovan Rirebulebebze? erTi SexedviT
es TiTqosda TavisTavad igulisxmeba. tradiciuloba
TiTqosda TavisTavad warsulis impulsebisken ltolvas
gulisxmobs.
gavixsenoT, vin Seqmna Cveni tradicia.
ra Tqma unda, upirveles yovlisa gagvaxsendeba
qarTuli saxelmwifos Canasaxis Semoqmedi mefe farnavazi,
qarTuli religiuri cnobierebis fuZemdebeli _ wminda
nino, romelmac qristianoba daamkvidra warmarTul
saqarTveloSi. aRsaniSnavia didi saeklesio moRvaweebi:
eqvTime mTawmindeli, giorgi mTawmindeli, efrem mcire,
saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobis fuZemdeblebi bagrat
III, daviT aRmaSenebeli, Tamar mefe, aseve ioane petriwi,
Tamaris Tanamedrove sasuliero moRvawe kaTalikos-
patriarqi nikoloz I, kidev ufro Semdgom periodSi
didi ganmanaTlebeli da didi sazogado moRvawe sulxan-
saba orbeliani, erekles Tanamedrove patriarqi anton
pirveli, ilia WavWavaZe da sxva.
cxadia, sruliad logikuria azri imis Sesaxeb, rom
Tu Cven gvinda SevinarCunoT erovnuli TviTmyofadoba,
aucilebelia ZiriTad orientirebad swored es di­
di moazrovneebi davsaxoT. Tumca TavisTavad prob­
lematuria im sakiTxis garkveva, ras niSnavs, rom
aseT Soreul warsulSi moRvawe adamianebi iyvnen

_ 302 _
Tanamedroveobis orientirebi. aris Tu ara swori, rom
momavlis tendenciebis gansazRvrisTvis aqcents aseT
Soreul warsulze vakeTebdeT?
axla Cven CamovTvaleT erTmaneTisgan didad gan­
sxvavebuli individualobebi. TavianTi moRvaweobis
xasiaTiTac ki isini didad gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan,
rom aRaraferi vTqvaT maTi moRvaweobis epoqaze. Tu
yuradRebiT davakvirdebiT maT istorias, davinaxavT,
rom arsebobs raRac iseTi kanonzomiereba, riTac isini
Zalian hgvanan erTmaneTs. magaliTad, vin iyo farnavazi?
farnavazi iyo is individualoba, romelic xedavda
saqarTveloSi arsebuli sazogadoebrivi mdgomareobis
naklovan mxareebs. legendis mixedviT saqarTvelos im
dros mefe azo marTavda. swored mis winaaRmdeg ibrZvis
farnavazi. fanavazi amarcxebs azos da qmnis qarTveli
tomebis did gaerTianebas. farnavazi amkvidrebs axal
religiur kults, axal kerpebs. farnavazi aseve saTaves
udebs mwignobrobis ganviTarebas. dReisTvis sakamaToa,
Tu rogor gamoixateboda mwignobrobis is forma,
romelic farnavazs miewereba, magram am SemTxvevaSi
es araa mTavari. mTavaria, rom igi aris udidesi
reformatori rogorc sazogadoebrivi wyobilebis
sferoSi, aseve religiur da kulturul sferoSi. ese
igi, is aris im droisTvis sruliad axali impulsebis
matarebeli, romelic axdens uzarmazari masStabis
reformas. im droisTvis farnavazi aris reformatori da
ara konservatori, romelic Seecdeboda SeenarCunebina
is Rirebulebebi, rac manamde arsebobda. piriqiT, igi
amboxebulia Zveli Rirebulebebis winaaRmdeg.
gadis dro da saqarTveloSi modis wminda nino. vin
aris wminda nino? wminda nino aris sulieri cxovrebis
reformatori. im droisTvis saqarTveloSi arsebobda
Zlieri warmarTuli kulti. wminda ninos saqarTveloSi
moaqvs sulieri cxovrebis sruliad gansxvavebuli forma

_ 303 _
_ qristianoba. is aris reformatori, romelic amsxvrevs
Zveli religiuri cnobierebis formebs da amkvidrebs
axal, qristianul formebs. is amsxvrevs farnavazis
damkvidrebul kerpebsac.
saqarTvelos Semdgomi istoriis uaRresad mniSv­
ne­
lovan etapad SeiZleba ganvixiloT pirveli aTas­
wleulis dasasruli, roca didi qarTveli sulieri
moZRvrebis mier saqarTvelos qristianuli cxovrebis
axleburi formireba xdeba. didi qarTveli moZRvrebis,
mTawmindelebis mimarTeba qarTul kulturasTan ar
Semoifargleba aranairi xotba-didebiT da gandidebis
surviliT. piriqiT, isini uaRresad kritikulad arian
ganwyobilebi yovelgvari mankierebis mimarT. TavianTi
moRvaweobis sferoSi isini arian swored reformatorebi,
miuxedavad imisa, rom eklesiis wiaRSi moRvaweoben. ioane
mTawmindeli anderZad utovebs Tavis Svils, eqvTimes,
rom igi Seecados aRmofxvras is naklovaneba, rac qarTul
kulturaSi arsebobs. saqarTvelos im droisTvis Zalian
aklia wigniereba. qarTuli kultura Zalian mkveTrad
CamorCeba imdroindel mowinave kulturas, upirveles
yovlisa imitom, rom qarTul enaze ar arsebobs im drois
mowinave kulturis monapovrebi. eqvTime, Semdeg ki giorgi
mTawmindeli, efrem mcire Tavdauzogavad iRvwian, raTa
swored es naklovani mxare aRmofxvran. isini Targmnian
mniSvnelovan nawarmoebebs, rac imdroindel saberZneTSi
da saerTod, dasavleTSi arsebobs.
aseve SeiZleba gavixsenoT giorgi mTawmindelis
uaRresad mZafri reaqcia im mankieri movlenebis mimarT,
rac saqarTveloSi arsebobda rogorc samefo karze,
aseve eklesiis sferoSi. igi Zalian Riad amxels am
naklovanebebs.
es moRvaweebi Zalze aqtiurad iRvwian imdroindeli
dasavleTis mowinave impulsebis qarTul kulturaSi
Semotanisa da damkvidrebisaTvis. faqtobrivad, isini

_ 304 _
axdenen qarTuli sulieri kulturis reformas. wminda
werilebis Targmnis is manera, rac maSin sruliad axali
iyo saqarTveloSi, dRes klasikur tradiciad iTvleba.
Semdgom periodSi did reformatorad SeiZleba
davasaxeloT daviT aRmaSenebeli. daviT aRmaSenebeli ukve
qveynis sazogadoebrivi mowyobis sferoSi axorcielebs
grandiozul reformebs. is mTlianad cvlis saxelmwifos
struqturas – monarqiuli saxelmwifos farglebSi
ayalibebs marTvis Tavisebur formas. daviT aRmaSenebeli
ar erideba arc saeklesio reformebSi Carevas. im dros
tardeba Zalian mniSvnelovani reformebi, mimdinareobs
brZola yovelgvari mankierebis winaaRmdeg. daviT
aRmaSeneblis verc naazrevSi da verc moqmedebaSi ver
davinaxavT gandidebis manias, raRac qeba-didebas.
igi yovelTvis kritikuladaa ganwyobili ara mxolod
qveyanaSi arsebuli mankierebebis mimarT, aramed sakuTari
pirovnebis mimarTac. daviT aRmaSeneblis damokidebuleba
kulturis mimarTac uaRresad reformatorulia. mis
mier dasavleTidan mowveuli qarTveli moazrovne ioane
petriwi sruliad axali tipis akademias qmnis.
aRmaSenebels Tavis reformatorul saqmianobaSi
uaRresad mZlavri Zala upirispirdeba Tavad qarTuli
sazogadoebis wiaRSi. mas mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi
am Zalis winaaRmdeg uwevs brZola.
msgavs istorias vxvdebiT ioane petriwis SemTxve­
vaSic. mas uxdeba uaRresad mZafri brZola im kon­
servatorul, reaqciul ZalebTan, romlebic reformebs
ewinaaRmdegebian. ioane petriwi gansakuTrebul yurad­
Rebas aqcevs enis reformas. igi xedavs, rom qarTuli
eniT Zalian Znelia berZnuli filosofiis da, saerTod,
imdroindeli filosofiuri azrovnebis gadmocema.
qarTul enas ar gaaCnia Sesabamisi sityvebi filosofiuri
cnebebis gamosaxatavad. amitom is axdens enis reformacias
da qarTul enaSive eZebs am axal sityvebs. mxolod maSin

_ 305 _
axdens berZnulidan zogierTi sityvis kalkirebas, roca
Sesabamisi terminis moZebna qarTuli enis farglebSi
SeuZlebelia. es iyo Zalze mniSvnelovani reforma. qar­
Tul enaSi igi, faqtobrivad, dRemde moqmedebs.
ioane petriwi Tavdauzogavad Sromobs. rogorc
Tvi­Ton aRniSnavs, dRe da Rames asworebs, raTa es
zRva samuSao daZlios, magram mas muSaoba uwevs
TanametomelTagan, ese igi, igive qarTvelTagan devnisa
da Seviwrovebis pirobebSi. rogorc TviTon ambobs,
„brWyalsa Cemsa umzirdes sasafrTxod sulisa Cemisao“,
„umecrebasa, Sursa da veragobas Soris midmobneulnio“.
aseve aRniSnavs, rom mis Sromas araviTari Sedegi ar
eqneboda, rom ar yofiliyo RvTis wyaloba da daviTis
Tanadgoma. ufals da daviTs mindobili ioane axerxebs
nivTisagan miuwvdomeli, anu materiisagan ganyenebuli
RvTismetyvelebis warmoCenas, qarTuli enis gawyobas
„gonierTa xedvaTa mommarjvei berZnuli enis“ badalad. am
reformis Semdeg SesaZlebeli xdeba axali terminologiiT
da axali SinaarsebiT Sevsebuli qarTuli enis saSualebiT
Rrma filosofiuri Txzulebebis Targmna.
reformaciul saqmianobas saqarTvelos istoriaSi
mudmivad ukavSirdeba reaqciac. Tamar mefis Tanamedrove
patriarq nikoloz I-is (gulaberiZis) istoriidanac
aSkarad Cans, rom mas upirispirdeba Zalian didi
reaqciuli Zala, imdenad didi, rom saqarTvelos
patriarqi Tavadve ixdis patriarqis mosasxams da qveyanas
tovebs. mogvianebiT Tamar mefe mas monastridan kvlav
saqarTveloSi daabrunebs.
nikoloz gulaberiZesac seriozuli pretenziebi aqvs
Tanadrouli erovnuli cnobierebis mimarT. igi aRniSnavs,
rom imdroindeli mowinave sazogadoeba, konkretulad
ki berZeni xalxi, orientirebulia enamWevrobisa da
filosofosobisken. isini cdiloben gulmodginebiT
gamoiZion yovelgvari saidumlo, rogorc RvTaebrivi,

_ 306 _
aseve kacobrivi _ „isini mZleoben yovelTa zeda
silaRiTa gonebisaTa“. maTgan sruliad gansxvavebuli
buneba aqvT qarTvelebs. isini marTalia, spetakni arian
da mimndobelni yovelgvari siqvelis mimarT, magram maT
ar axasiaTebT swrafva sibrZnis SeZenisken. nikoloz I
ambobs, rom qarTvelebs arasodes hqoniaT Cveulebad
filosofosobisa da swavlulobis gamoZiebis da ena­
mWevrobisaken swrafva. Tavis moRvaweobis erT-erT
miznadac patriarqi swored imas saxavs, rom garkveulad
Seavsos es danaklisi _ ese igi, gamoZieba samecnieroTa
da safilosofosoTa saqmeTa. igi ambobs, rom rogorc ki
raime, xSirad umniSvnelo ambavic ki moxdeba saberZneTSi,
uTuod gamoCndeba viRac, vinc dawvrilebiT aRwers am
istorias. qarTvelebs ki aseTi Tviseba saerTod ara aqvT.
isini ar weren istorias, ar aRweren garegnul samyaroSi
mimdinare movlenebs. isini TavianT momaval Taobas ar
utoveben Canawerebs TavianTi moRvaweobis Sesaxeb.
rogorc vxedavT, Tamar mefis Tanamedrove moR­
vawes, yofil patriarqs amocanad aqvs dasaxuli gar­
kveuli wvlili Seitanos erovnuli cnobierebis re­
for­ maSi, erTgvarad mimarTos igi azrovnebisken,
sibrZ­nis Semecnebisken, istoriuli mecnierebis Ca­ mo­
yalibebisken, rac, faqtobrivad, axali epoqis tenden­
ciebTanaa dakavSirebuli. igi momdinareobs swored
berZnul samyaroSi mexsierebis sruliad axali formis
Camoyalibebisgan. im droisTvis saberZneTSi ukve dam­
kvidrebulia droiTi mexsiereba, romelic istoriis
Seqmnis safuZvelia, maSin, roca saqarTveloSi jer
kidev ritmuli mexsierebaa wamyvani. swored es ritmuli
mexsiereba daedo safuZvlad im SesaniSnav qarTul
ritmul xelovnebas, rac xalxur poeziaSi, cekvaSi da
simReraSi gamoixateba da romelic dRemdea SemorCenili.
kidev ufro mogvianebiT, SedarebiT ufro kar­
gadaa cnobili sulxan-saba orbelianis mcdelobebi

_ 307 _
qarTuli kulturis reformaciis saqmeSi. igi uSualo
kontaqtebs eZebs dasavlur civilizaciasTan, dasavlur
kulturasTan. amisTvis igi ar erideba aRmsareblobis
Secvlasac ki da kaTolikobas iRebs imis gamo, rom rac
SeiZleba mWidrod daukavSirdes im droisTvis progresul
dasavlur kulturas. Tumca im periodSic saqarTveloSi
konservatoruli Zalebi Zalian Zlieria da sulxan-sabas
mcdeloba axali impulsebis damkvidrebis saqmeSi did
winaaRmdegobebs awydeba.
sulxan-sabas swrafvas dasavluri Rirebulebebis
damkvidrebis saqmeSi erTgvarad agrZelebs anton I _
erekle mefis Tanamedrove patriarqi. es istoria kidev
ufro axloa Tanamedrove epoqasTan da dokumenturi
TvalsazrisiTac kargadaa Seswavlili. am istoriaSi
naTlad Cans is mZafri dapirispireba, rac arsebobs axal
reformatorul da Zvel, konservatorul cnobierebas
Soris. anton I yvela gziT cdilobs mowinave evropuli
cnobierebis damkvidrebas, ar erideba urTierTobebs arc
kaTolike misionerebTan, arc somex filosofosebTan,
oRon­dac ki raime mniSvnelovanma SemoaRwios saqarTve­
loSi _ raime filosofiuri, anda mecnieruli literatu­ra
iTargmnos qarTulad. anton I Tavad Targmnis samecniero
nawarmoebebs. igi kargad xedavs, rom, marTalia, italieli
da frangi misionerebi saqarTveloSi kaTolicizmis
popularizacias eswrafvian, magram amasTan erTad isini
avrceleben mecnierul codnas da erTgvarad aRviZeben
miZinebul cnobierebas. evropel moazrovneebTan es
kontaqtebic ki sakmarisi aRmoCnda imisTvis, rom mTeli
samefo kari amxedrebuliyo patriarqis winaRmdeg. am
brZolaSi misi umTavresi mowinaaRmdege iyo Teimuraz II-
is karis moZRvari zaqaria gabaSvili, aseve ninowmindis
mTavarepiskoposi _ saba. maT Seqmnes reaqciuli, kon­
servatoruli armia, romelmac yvelanairad CaaxSo es axali
impulsebi, dasavleTidan momdinare mecnieruli codna.

_ 308 _
reaqcia imdenad Zlieri iyo, rom erekle II-c ver axerxebs
anton I-is dacvas, miuxedavad imisa, rom igi Sinaganad
mis mxarezea da yvelanairad cdilobs daxmarebas. anton
I saerTod gandevnil iqna saqarTvelodan. dasavlur
civilizaciasTan fanjris gaWris es mcdeloba, faq­
tobrivad, warumateblad damTavrda.
SeiZleba dRevandeli gadasaxedidan Zalian ucnaurad
Cans, rom daviT aRmaSenebels, saqarTvelos erTpirovnul
monarqs, uWirs udidesi moazrovnis, ioane petriwis
dacva. Tamar mefes uWirs patriarqis, nikoloz I-is
dacva da erekle mefes uWirs saqarTvelos patriarqis
anton I-is dacva. ese igi, rogoria is Zala, romelic
aseT ierarqiebsac ki upirispirdeba da xSirad amarcxebs
kidec. mcire gamonaklisis garda, maTi saxelebi istoriam
ar Semoinaxa. mxolod cnobilia, rom arsebobda mZlavri
reaqciuli, konservatoruli Zala, romelic yovelgvar
axals axSobda.
kidev ufro kargadaa cnobili is dokumenturi
masala, rac ukavSirdeba ilia WavWavaZis moRvaweobas. vin
iyo ilia, romelic dRes klasikuri tradiciis simbolod
warmogvidgenia? ilia iyo udidesi reformatori.
saqarTveloSi mas moaqvs sruliad axali cnobiereba. es
aris kavSiri Tanadroul civilizaciasTan, is impulsebi,
romelic momdinareobs mowinave civilizaciisgan.
iliasTvis sruliad ucxoa gandidebis mania. misi mTavari
iaraRi swored mankierebis mxilebaa, im Zalebis mxilebaa,
romelic Zveldeba, romelic aRar Seesabameba dros da
romelic xels uSlis yovelgvar progress.
ilia WavWavaZesac uaRresad mZlavri reaqciuli Zala
upirispirdeba. iliasac Zalian uWirs mis winaaRmdeg
brZola. miuxedavad XIX saukunis meore naxevris
saerTod revoluciuri ganwyobilebisa, sadac TiTqosda
iliasaTvis saqarTveloSi siaxleebis Semotana advili
unda yofiliyo, es reaqciuli Zala mainc uaRresad

_ 309 _
mZlavria. reaqciul banakSi saqarTvelos aristokratiis
Zalian cnobil saxeebsac vxedavT.
dResac arsebobs mZlavri reaqciuli ganwyobileba,
mZlavri sazogadoebrivi Zala, romelic orientirebulia
Soreul warsulze. isini qarTuli kulturis warsulze
orientaciis gasamarTleblad dagvisaxeleben swored
im adamianebs, romelTa Sesaxebac axla vsaubrobdiT.
isini winaaRmdegni arian yovelgvari progresisa da
reformaciisa TiTqosda imis SiSiT, rom ai am didi
qarTveli moRvaweebis monapovrebi ar daikargos.
TavisTavad es movlena ar aris ucnauri, radgan
cnobilia, rom Tu sazogadoebas mTlianobaSi ganvixilavT,
umravlesoba yovelTvis aris tradiciebisken midrekili,
umravlesoba yovelTvis konservatoria. mxolod cal­
keuli individebis meSveobiT iqmneba axali impulsebi.
reformatori yovelTvis umciresobaa, magram reformis
ganxorcieleba maSinaa advili, roca umravlesobasac
uCndeba garkveuli ltolva siaxlis mimarT, roca
sazogadoeba met-naklebad mzadaa reformebisTvis. am
SemTxvevaSi, cxadia, ar igulisxmeba xelovnuri re­
formebi, rac gareSe Zalis uxeSi CareviT xSirad
xor­cieldeba xolme da rasac negatiuri Sedegebi
mosdevs. saubaria bunebriv, epoqis kanonzomierebebiT
gansazRvrul reformebze.
samwuxarod, saqarTvelo dRes Tavisi ganviTarebis
iseT safexurze imyofeba, rodesac cocxali kavSiri
im adamianebis naRvawTan, romlebmac saqarTvelos
istoria da saqarTvelos ganvlili kultura Seqmnes,
ukve Sesustebulia. SenarCunebulia garegnuli formebi,
saxelebi, maTi garegnuli istoriebi, maTi sagmiro
saqmeebi, magram Tanamedrove droiTi mexsierebiT Cven
Znelad vixsenebT maT. STabeWdileba iqmneba, TiTqos
maTi saxelebi saqarTvelos istoriaze raRac svetebiviT,
raRac garegani niSnebiviTaa dasmuli.

_ 310 _
 SesaZloa gavixsenoT istoria, romelic dakav­ Sire­
bulia ioane petriwTan da romelic Zalian simptomaturia.
rogorc cnobilia, erekles epoqaSi, ese igi, daax­
loebiT ori saukunis win ukve Zalian Znelad wasakiTxi da
gasagebi iyo ioane petriwis naazevi. kaTalikosma anton
I-ma SesaniSnavad icoda am Txzulebebis mniSvneloba. man
ioane orbelians daavala Tanadroul enaze gadmoeca
es nawarmoebebi, radgan Zveli eniT, ra eniTac werda
ioane petriwi, miuxedavad misi saocari amaRlebulobisa,
ukve Znelad ikiTxeboda. ioane orbelians daevala
ioane petriwis ganmartebebiT warmodgenili prokles
safuZvlebis gadmocema axali qarTuliT. rogorc misi
naweridan irkveva, ioane orbeliani aRfrTovanebulia
ioane petriwis enis gamomsaxvelobiTi ZaliT da mas
aqvs misi mibaZvis survili, magram Sedegi sruliad
gansxvavebulia. roca amTavrebs am naSromis Tanamedrove
qarTuliT gadmocemas, irkveva, rom Turme ioane or­
belianma ioane petriwis mier dawerili teqsti ki ar
gadaakeTa Tanamedrove qarTuliT, aramed man svimeon
julfelis mier qarTulidan somxurad Targmnili teqsti
xelmeored Targmna qarTulad. svimeon julfelma es
Targmani qarTulidan somxurad XIII saukuneSi, 1248 wels
Seasrula.
kidev erTxel SeiZleba gavixsenoT, rom ioane petriwi
swored enis reformiT gamoirCeoda. man swored qarTuli
enis reforma moaxdina. swored es reformirebuli enac
ki sruliad gaugebaria ori saukunis win da ioane or­
belianisTvis gacilebiT gasagebia XIII saukunis somxuri.
qarTveli eris warsulis Rirebulebebma mkveTri
degradacia ganicada, rac dRes qarTul kulturaSi xSi­
rad profanirebuli saxiTaa SemorCenili.
did qarTvel SemoqmedTa biografiebze saubrisas
Cven ZiriTadad erTmaneTs davupirispireT progresuli,
reformatoruli moRvaweoba da, meore mxriv, agresiuli,

_ 311 _
reaqciuli konservatizmi. es SeiZleba konkretul Sem­
TxvevebSi sworia, magram Tu sazogadoebriv cxovrebas
ufro farTo speqtriT ganvixilavT, SevniSnavT, rom
konservatizmsac da reformatorul moRvaweobasac
sxva­dasxva fenebi da gradaciebi aqvs. arsebobs, er­
Ti mxriv, reformatoruli moZraoba, meore mxriv, ra­
dikaluri revoluciuri ganwyobileba, romelic mkveT­
rad negatiuri SedegebiT SeiZleba xasiaTdebodes.
ase­ve, arsebobs reaqciuli konservatizmi, romelic
yo­velgvari progresis winaaRmdegia da ukan eqaCeba
sazogadoebas, magram amis garda arebobs konservatizmis
iseTi saxe, romelic orientirebulia warsulis jansaR
Rirebulebebze da, faqtobrivad, mniSvnelovan rols
asrulebs imisTvis, rom es Rirebulebebi SenarCunebul
iqnes da axali Rirebulebebis Semotanis dros ar
ganadgurdes.
SeiZleba warmovidginoT, rom arsebobs raRac Sua­
leduri wonasworobis mdgomareoba, romelic praq­
tikulad mxolod Teoriulia. sazogadoeba dinamikuria
da yovelgvari sazogadoebrivi procesi dinamikuria am
erTgvari sawyisi wertilis mimarT. unda warmovidginoT
erTi mimarTulebiT swrafva progresisaken, evolu­
ciisaken, romelic TandaTan gadadis radikalur refor­
maciaSi, revoluciur ganwyobilebaSi. meore mxares, mis
sawinaaRmdego mxares, arsebobs orientacia warsulis
jansaR Rirebulebebze, ufro radikalur gamovlinebaSi
ki ukve negatiuri saxis konservatuli reaqcionizmi.
radikalur gamovlinebaSi orive mimarTuleba, rasak­
vir­velia, damangrevelia sazogadoebisaTvis. orive
Ta­vis TavSi Seicavs boroti Zalebis zemoqmedebas.
su­lieri TvalsazrisiT radikaluri reformaciuli gan­
wyobileba, sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, aramarTlzomieri
swrafva momavlis impulsebis Semotanisaken, mkveTrad
arimanuli (satanuri) Zalebis moqmedebiT xasiaTdeba.

_ 312 _
xolo, piriqiT, gadaWarbebuli orientacia warsulze,
reaqciuli konservatizmi Tavis TavSi adgils uTmobs
luciferuli (eSmakeuli) Zalebis zemoqmedebas. ese igi,
wonasworobis mdgomareoba moqceulia or ukiduresobas
Soris, erTi mxriv luciferuli, xolo, meore mxriv,
arimanuli Zalebis zemoqmedebas Soris. wonasworobis
wertilis orive mimarTulebiT unda vigulisxmoT raRac
garkveuli areali, erTi mxriv, jansaRi konservatizmi, da
meore mxriv, jansaRi reformacia. am ori jansaRi Zalis
erToblioba, maTi dinamikuri urTierToba gansazRvravs
sazogadoebis marTlzomier ganviTarebas.
Tu davakvirdebiT sazogadoebriv ZalTa ganlagebas
Tanamedrove qarTul sazogadoebaSi, davrwmundebiT, rom
zemoT warmodgenili speqtri ganviTarebis dRevandel
etapzec mkveTrad vlindeba. orive mimarTuleba, ro­
gorc tradicionaluri, aseve reformatoruli mkveT­
radaa gamoxatuli. erT mxares tradicionaluri Zale­
bi orientirebuli arian rogorc jansaR erovnul
Rirebulebebze, aseve radikalur gamovlinebaSi mkveTrad
atavistur, arqaul Rirebulebebze. meore mxriv, refor­
maciuli frTa aseve mkveTrad orientirebulia rogorc
zomier, aseve daCqarebuli progresisTvis damaxasiaTebel
moqmedebebze. orive mxares moZraobas aqvs mkveTrad
gamoxatuli zomieri da aseve mkveTrad gamoxatuli
radikaluri gamovlinebebi. es Seexeba sazogadoebrivi
cxovrebis yvela sferos, rogorc ekonomikas, aseve
samarTlebriv sferos da aseve sulieri cxovrebis
sferos.
bunebrivad ibadeba kiTxva _ ra sulieri safuZv­
lebidan sazrdooben es moZraobebi da rogoria ma­
Ti roli saqarTvelos ganviTarebis Tanamedrove
pro­­
cesSi? ramdenad Seesabameba maTgan momdinare
impul­sebi zogadsakacobrio ganviTarebis Tanamedrove
tendenciebs? aris Tu ara kanonzomieri am ori nakadis,

_ 313 _
ese igi, warsulze da momavalze orientirebuli nakadebis
erTdrouli moqmedeba?
amjerad minda am problemaze saubrisas am srul
speqtrs CamovaciloT orive negatiuri frTa, orive
radikaluri gamovlineba _ erTi mxriv luciferuli
da, meore mxriv, arimanuli. maSin Cven gvrCeba sadRac
warmosaxviT wonasworobasTan axlos mdgomi ori
mimarTuleba _ erTi jansaRi tradicionalizmi, meore
_ jansaRi reformacia. farTo speqtris es erTgvari
guli unda warmovidginoT, rogorc Tanamedrove sa­
zogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvelaze ufro aqtualuri
nawili. am ori mimarTulebis tendencia sxvadasxva
mxaresaa mimarTuli, magram swored es erToblioba unda
iqnes ganxiluli rogorc jansaRi, dinamikuri cxovrebis
forma, romelsac, erTi mxriv, axlavs progresi da, meore
mxriv, warsulis jansaRi impulsebis momavalSi gadatana.
zogadsakacobrio ganviTarebis erT-erT fundamentur
kanonzomierebas warmoadgens is, rom sazogadoebis
evoluciis procesSi mudmivad ibadeba axali tendencia
da mis gverdiT rCeba Zvelic, romelic am axlis gverdiT
agrZelebs moqmedebas. zogjer axlisa da Zvelis es
erTdrouli arseboba garegnulad SeumCnevelia,
magram movlenis siRrmiseuli ganxilvisas igi uTuod
warmoCindeba. evoluciis garkveul etapze axlis, anu
reformaciis dabadeba sruliad kanonzomieri movlenaa,
miuxedvad imisa, ramdenad srulyofilad gamoiyureba
igi Zvelis, anu konservatoruli Sexedulebebisa da
kriteriumebis mixedviT. evoluciis procesSi tradiciisa
da reformaciis, anu Zvelisa da axlis dapirispirebac
kanonzomieria. istoriis gamocdileba adasturebs, rom
es brZola umTavresad axlis gamarjvebiT mTavrdeba,
Tumca adre Tu gvian, es axalic Zveli xdeba.
amjerad Zvelisa da axlis dapirispirebis, ufro
swored, Tanaarsebobis problemas SevexoT im sulieri

_ 314 _
impulsebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rac sazogadod gansazRvravs
kidec aRniSnuli problemis safuZvels.
konkretuli sazogadoebis farglebSi Zvelisa da
axlis urTierTmimarTebaSi gamovlenili evoluciis
for­ ma garkveuli saxiT kerZo SemTxvevaa, erTi mxriv,
zogadsakacobrio evoluciisa, da meore mxriv, kidev
ufro farTo gagebiT, kosmosuri evoluciisa.
Zvelisa da axlis dapirispirebisa da Tanaarsebobis
suraTis sicxadisTvis SeiZleba igi SevadaroT adamianis
yoveldRiuri cxovrebisTvis damaxasiaTebel iseT
bunebriv mdgomareobas, rogoricaa Zili da sifxizle. es
ori mdgomareoba, rogorc wesi, urTierTmonacvleobs.
ganvixiloT es urTierTmonacvleoba adamianis sxeulTan
mimarTebaSi. am SemTxvevaSi sxeulSi unda vigulisxmoT
ara sxeulis mxolod nivTieri nawili, anu fizikuri
sxeuli, aramed misTvis damaxasiaTebeli sasicocxlo da
grZnobadi nawilebic.
adamians ar SeuZlia uwyvetad eRviZos, anda uwyvetad
eZinos. erTi dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi aucilebelia ada­
mians nawili eRviZos, nawili ki eZinos. adamianis mRvi­
Zare mdgomareobas Tan axlavs fizikuri da sasicocxlo
sxeulis Zalebis uwyveti xarjva. RviZilisas adamianis
samSvinvelSi mimdinare procesebi SegrZnebebis, warmod­
genebis, gancdebis, vnebebis saxiT viTardeba da adamianis
Sinagan cxovrebas qmnis. faqtobrivad, es aris adamianis
grZnobadi (animaluri) sxeulis da „mes“ moqmedeba, mag­
ram es moqmedeba fizikuri sxeulis da sasicocxli
(vegetaciuri) sxeulis xarjze xdeba. es procesi didxans
ver gagrZeldeba. yovel saRamos adamiani ukve SeigrZnobs
Zalebis naklebobas, rasac bunebrivad mosdevs Zilis
mdgomareoba.
Zilis mdgomareoba am TvalsazrisiT radikalurad
sawinaaRmdegoa. am dros piriqiT, fizikuri sxeulis
da eTeruli Zalebis aRdgenis procesi mimdinareobs.

_ 315 _
ada­mianis mRviZare, aqtiuri cxovrebis paralelurad
mimdinareobs sxeulis ngrevis procesi, xolo Zilisas,
piriqiT, sxeulis intensiuri mSenebloba xdeba.
Tu sxeulis am Seneba-ngrevis process ufro farTo
masStabSi ganvixilavT, uTuod SevamCnevT, rom igi ada­
mianis sxeuliT ar Semoifargleba. es procesebi mWidrodaa
dakavSirebuli gare samyarosTan. ufro metic, igi
dakavSirebulia mTel rig kosmosur procesebTan. ese igi,
Zilisas adamianis fizikur sxeulSi Tavis gagrZelebas,
kerZo gamoxatulebas hpovebs samyaros aRmSeneblobiTi
Zalebis moqmedeba, maSin, roca dRis saqmianobisas pi­
riqiT, damangreveli Zalebis kerZo gamovlinebasTan
gvaqvs saqme. cxadia, am SemTxvevaSi saubaria adamianis
sxe­
ulis Sesaxeb da ara imaze, Tu zogadad ramdenad
sasargebloa Zili an RviZili.
is jansaRi sazogadoebrivi Zalebi, romlebic tra­
diciul erovnul Rirebulebebze arian orientirebulni,
faqtobrivad, mniSvnelovan rols asruleben erovnuli
sxeulis im nawilis aRdgeniT procesSi, romelic
yovel­ dRiurad ixarjeba im Tanamedrove procesebis
ganxorcielebisas, romelsac eris gansxvavebuli nawili,
egreT wodebuli reformatorebi axorcieleben. aqve
unda aRiniSnos, rom Tavad am axali tendenciebis
ganxorcielebis procesis mimarT konservatorebs, anu
„Zvelebs“ pasiuri mdgomareoba, anu Zilis pozicia ukaviaT.
mimdinare aqtiuri procesebis mimarT konservatorebs
sZinavT. maTi moqmedeba SeumCnevelia, Tumca es „umoq­
medoba“, faqtobrivad, Rameuli aRmSeneblobis procesia.
miuxedavad garegnuli dapirispirebisa, am SemTxvevaSi
konservatorebi da reformatorebi erToblivad moq­
me­
deben. cxadia, igulisxmeba konservatorebis da re­
formatorebis jansaRi nawili. mxolod konservatorebi
rom moqmedebdnen, sazogadoeba imdenad myarad iqneboda
erovnuli niSan-Tvisebebis gamomxatveli, rom es simyare

_ 316 _
elastikurobas dakargavda da eri veRar iqneboda garedan
moqmedi axali impulsebis mimRebi. erovnuli samSvinveli
mkveTrad „gamoSreboda“.
aseve radikaluri suraTi gveqneboda im SemTxvevaSic,
mxolod reformatorebis ganwyobileba rom arsebobdes.
eri, Tumca Zalze elastikuri iqneboda gareSe impulsebis
mimarT da swrafad gaakeTebda reagirebas yovelgvari
siaxlis mimarT (cxadia, rogorc dadebiTi, aseve
uaryofiTi), magram misi erovnuli saxe Zalze aramyari
iqneboda da igi dinamikuri, swrafad cvladi saxiT
mogvevlineboda. tradiciuli erovnuli Rirebulebebi
swrafad gaqreboda da mis plastikur, magram aramdgrad
formas ganapirobebda.
reformatorebs mudmivad RviZavT. maT maSinac ki
RviZavT, rodesac Zilis droa, rodesac gare samyarodan
SemoWril qariSxals ki ar unda gahyve, aramed unda
ganerido.
calmxrivobis SemTxvevaSi orive mimarTulebas aqvs
negatiuri mxareebi. axali impulsebis damkvidrebis
saq­
meSi, romelic ufro metad grZnobad sferosa
da „mes“ sferos ganekuTvneba, reformatorebi aSe­
neben, xolo konservatorebi TavianTi moqmedebiT
xels uSlian am moqmedebas, anu damangrevel Zalebs
warmoqmnian. xolo piriqiT, sxeulisa da sasicocxlo
Zalebis sferoSi (igulisxmeba erovnuli sasicocxlo
sxeuli) reformatorebis aqtiuri moqmedebis Sedegad
(reformaciis sferoSi) iwyeba ngreviTi procesi da
konservatorebi swored am dros TavianTi Rameuli
ganwyobilebiT awarmoeben aRmSeneblobiT saqmianobas,
riTac orive sferoSi xdeba gawonasworeba, vidre ro­
melime erT-erTi mxare radikalur gamovlinebas miiRebs.
rogorc vxedavT, reformatorebisa da konservato­
rebis ganwyobileba seriozul msgavsebas amJRavnebs
Ramisa da dRis motivebis mimarT. arc konkretul

_ 317 _
adamianSi da arc konkretul sazogadoebaSi moqmedi
Zalebi ar Semoifargleba mxolod Sinagani xasiaTiT, isini
kerZo gamoxatulebas hpoveben am konkretul SemTxvevaSi,
Tavad ki kosmosuri movlenebis nawils warmoadgenen.
Tu gansaxilvel problemas swored kosmosur ZalTa
moqmedebis WrilSi ganvixilavT, davinaxavT, rom es
Ramisa da dRis cnobiereba aseve uSualo simetriaSia
Sesabamisad mTvareul da mziur ZalTa moqmedebasTan.
riTi gamoixateba mTvareuli Zalebis moqmedeba?
amis sailustraciod naTel suraTs iZleva mTva­
reul ZalTa moqmedebis ganxilva, magaliTad, mcenareSi.
mTvareuli Zalebi is Zalebia, romlebic mcenareSi mudmi­
vad Sinaganisken miiswrafvian, romlebic mcenaris unar-
Tvisebebs mudmivad Teslisken kumSaven. Teslwarmoqmnis
procesi mTvareuli Zalebis moqmedebiT xdeba. igive
Zalebi mcenaris Rerosken SekumSvasac eswrafvian. ese
igi, mTvareuli Zalebi yvelaze ufro myari unar-Tvi­
sebebis SenarCunebas gansazRvraven. formaSi isini
TiTqosda ewinaaRmdegebian centridan periferiebisken,
Rerodan totebisken ganvrcobas, nayofSi swored cen­
trisken, Teslisken mimarTaven mcenaris Zalebs. mxolod
mTvareuli Zalebi rom moqmedebdnen, mcenare mxolod
Rero da Tesli iqneboda. es ori nawili, cxadia,
umTavresad mcenaris mdgradobisa da kvlavwarmoqmnis
unaris Camoyalibebas gansazRvravs.
mcenareSi mziuri Zalebis moqmedeba diametrulad
sawinaaRmdego xasiaTisaa. es Zalebi mcenares Rerodan
periferiebisken _ totebis, foTlebis da yvavilebisaken
mimarTaven. isini eswrafvian ara SekumSvas, aramed gaSlas,
gafurCqvnas, ganvrcobas. vegetacia, foTolwarmoqmna,
yvavilebis ayvaveba, nayofis damwifeba _ es yvelaferi
mziuri Zalebis manifestaciaa. amave dros imave Zalebis
muSaobis Sedegia Wknobis procesic. mcenaris centridan
periferiebisken mziuri Zalebis amofrqveva nayofis

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mowevis Semdeg Wknobis movlenaSi hpovebs gagrZelebas.
mziuri Zalebis paralelurad rom ar arsebobdes
mTvareuli Zalebis moqmedeba, mcenare erTianad gaiS­
leboda, ayvavildeboda, nafofs moiwevda da mere
igive ganvrcoba garemoSi gafantviT damTavrdeboda.
mTvareuli Zalebi mcenaris myari unarebis SekumSvis
gziT mcenaris Reros aZliereben, gareSe damangrveli
zemoqmedebis mimarT mis mdgradobas gansazRvraven.
nayofis SigniT Teslwarmoqmnis procesic mcenaris am
saxeobis gadarCenis pirobas qmnis, mcenaris es saxeoba
ucvleli niSan-TvisebebiT momavalSi gadaaqvs. mTvareuli
Zalebi erTgvari uZraobisken swrafvis Sedegad TiTqosda
mowyvetilebi arian awmyos, isini ufro ucvlelsa da
maradiulze arian orientirebuli.
mziuri Zalebi, piriqiT, swored awmyos ganwyobilebas
gamoxataven. isini mudmivad ganviTarebasa da cvlilebebs
eswrafvian.
ganxiluli mTvareuli da mziuri moqmedebis ana­
lo­giuri ganwyobileba aqvT jansaR sazogadoebriv
Za­
lebs, romlebsac, pirobiTad, konservatorebi da
reformatorebi vuwodeT. rogorc aRiniSna, orive gan­
wyobilebas TavianT radikalur gamovlinebaSi mkveTrad
gamokveTili negatiuri saxe aqvT. am negatiur saxeebsac
aseve diametrulad gansxvavebuli xasiaTi aqvT, erTi
mxriv, luciferuli da, meore mxriv, arimanuli.
ras eswrafvian luciferuli Zalebi? isini orien­
tirebulni arian warsulis Zalebze. warsulSi CarCena,
warsulSi gaqvaveba swored maTgan inspirirebuli
movlenaa. roca adamians, an adamianTa jgufs obieqturad
ara aqvs gacnobierebuli sakuTari eris, an qveynis
warsuli da am niadagze aRmocenebuli iluziebiT
ikvebeba, gazviadebuli, gandidebuli warsulis tyveobaSi
imyofeba, unda vifiqroT, rom igi luciferuli Zalebis
zemoqmedebis qveSaa. cxadia, amgvari luciferuli

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saSiSroeba umTavresad konservatorebs emuqrebaT.
arimanuli Zalebis zemoqmedebis xasiaTi am SemTxveva­
Sic diametrulad sawinaaRmdegoa. arimani cdilobs rac
SeiZleba daaCqaros movlenebi, rac SeiZleba win gauswros
awmyoTi gansazRvrul kanonzomieri ganviTarebis
mdgomareobas. am SemTxvevaSi xSirad iqmneba daCqarebuli
ganviTarebis iluzia, rac garegnulad ki gamoiyureba
rogorc aRmavloba, magram imis gamo, rom realur kavSirs
kargavs awmyoTi gansazRvrul kanonzomierebebTan, uTuod
negatiuri SedegebiT aRiniSneba. Sesabamisad, arimanuli
iluziis tyveobisken TavianT radikalur gamovlinebaSi
swored reformatorebi arian midrekilni. sazogadoebis
kanonzomieri evolucia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi
SeiZleba ganxorcieldes, roca orive Zala, rogorc
tradicionalisturi, aseve reformatoruli, TavianTi
jansaRi mxareebiT arian warmodgenilni da maTi moqmedeba
evoluciis procesSi harmoniulia. isini sxvadasxva etapze
sxvadasxva aqtivobiT erTdroulad unda moqmedebdnen
da amave dros mudmivad Tanaarsebobdnen erTmaneTTan.
am SemTxvevaSi ar igulisxmeba wonasworoba ubralod
erTmaneTis CaqrobiT, igulisxmeba Tanaarseboba,
erTdrouli moqmedeba.
Tu kvlav mexsierebis problemas davubrundebiT, Sev­
niSnavT rom igi ufro aqtualuria konservatorebisTvis.
Zalian mniSvnelovania, mexsierebis ra formebiT
gadmoaqvT maT warsuli awmyoSi _ ra formis mexsierebas
floben konservatorebi? mexsierebis problema naklebad
aqtualuria reformatorebisTvis, radgan isini umetesad
momavlis impulsebze arian orientirebulni.
rogorc aRiniSna, kosmosuri TvalsazrisiT, mTva­
reuli aspeqtebi dakavSirebulia konservatorebTan,
xolo mziuri _ reformatorebTan. Tu mexsierebis prob­
lemas planetarul doneze ganvixilavT, SevamCnevT, rom
aqac garkveuli kanonzomiereba arsebobs. adamianuri

_ 320 _
unarebis kosmosur planSi warmodgenis TvalsazrisiT,
mexsiereba dakavSirebulia swored planeta mTvaresTan.
magaliTad, Tu venerasTan dakavSirebulia siyvaruli,
marsTan nebelobiTi unarebis gamovlineba, mTvaresTan
dakavSirebulia mexsiereba da fantazia. kosmosur ZalTa
gadanawilebis TvalsazrisiTac Sesabamisoba daculia.
konservatorebi swored mTvareul ganwyobilebas gamo­
xataven.
sazogadoebaSi konservatoruli da reformatoruli
niSnebi garegnuladac ki Zalian mkveTradaa gamoxatuli.
igi SeimCneva magaliTad, CacmulobaSi, profesiul
saqmianobaSi, kulturisadmi damokidebulebaSi da a.S.
magaliTad, konservatorebi ufro erovnuli Cacmu­
lobisken iCenen midrekilebas. roca es Cacmuloba srul­
yofili saxiTaa mocemuli, marTalia, Zalze STambeWdavia,
magram mainc iseTi gancda rCeba, rom warsulis suraTebis
gacocxlebasTan gvaqvs saqme. ufro uares SemTxvevaSi
ki sxvadasxva kuTxis erovnuli tansacmlis calkeuli
detalebis Tanamedrove dasavlur tansacmelze gadmo­
tanisas sakmaod disonansuri suraTi iqmneba.
meore frTa, reformaciuli frTa, ufro moduri,
Tanamedrove Cacmulobiskenaa orientirebuli.
marTalia, Cacmuloba mxolod garegnul mxares
Seexeba, magram konservatorebis da reformatorebis
daxasiaTebisas igi mainc niSandoblivi garemoebaa.
profesiis TvalsazrisiTac konservatorebi ufro
metad midrekilebas iCenen iseTi saqmianobebis mimarT,
rogoricaa, magaliTad, ZeglTa dacva, siZveleTa res­
tavracia, istoria, konservacia, folklori, arqeo­
logia. reformatorebi ufro Tanamedrove, moduri
spe­
cialobebis mimarT arian ganwyobili, rogoricaa,
Tanamedrove ekonomika, iurisprudencia, ucxo enebi,
kompiuteruli saqmianoba, marketingi, menejmenti da a. S.
analogiuri ganwyobilebaa religiuri cxovrebis

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sferoSic. tradiciuli marTlmadidebloba Tavis
mxriv arqauli formebiTaa warmodgenili da amitom mis
mimarT gansakuTrebul midrekilebas konservatorebi
iCenen. reformatorebis religiuri ganwyobileba ufro
liberaluria.
rogorc warmodgenili iyo, konservatorul Zalebs
garda im reaqciisa, rac istoriuli ganviTarebis
sxvadasxva etapze reformacias upirispirdeboda, aseve
gaaCniaT Zalian mniSvnelovani funqcia sazogadoebrivi
evoluciis procesSi. isev da isev dgeba sakiTxi, Tu ris
xarjze gadmoaqvT warsulis es jansaRi Tu arajansaRi
impulsebi awmyoSi. rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, igi xdeba
erovnuli cnobierebis safexurze da am SemTxvevaSi Zalze
aqtualuria, Tu ra saxis mexsierebas flobs sazogadoeba
_ lokalur mexsierebas, ritmul mexsierebas Tu droiT
mexsierebas. amave dros am mexsierebis xarjze rogori
warsulia gadmotanili awmyoSi _ es aris warsulis gancda
awmyoSi, anu cocxali tradicia, samSvinvelis mexsiereba
warsulis Sesaxeb, Tu rudimentuli, anu atavisturi
tradicia.
SeiZleba ganvixiloT erT-erTi magaliTi imisa, Tu ra
SeiZleba iyos warsulidan awmyoSi gadmotanili cocxali
tradicia. aseTi ram rasakvirvelia Zalian bevria, magram
erT-erTi, rac Zalian cocxladaa mocemuli awmyoSi da
agrZelebs cxovelmyofel zemoqmedebas, es aris is ena,
romelzec dRes qarTveli eri saubrobs. miuxedavad
imisa, rom dRes qarTul enaze farTo ganaTlebis miReba
problematuric kia, sakiTxs aqtualurad arvin svams _
unda ilaparakos qarTvelma qarTulad, Tu ara. es aris
cocxali tradicia da swored amitomac es sakiTxi ar
dgeba.
metyvelebis formas, anu enis formas uzarmazari
mniSvneloba aqvs erovnuli cnobierebis Camoyalibebis
TvalsazrisiT. faqtobrivad, ena gansazRvravs adamianTa

_ 322 _
azrovnebis formas. ena yovel adamians aiZulebs ifiqros
garkveuli formiT. ena aseve Zalian mniSvnelovnad
gansazRvravs am enaze molaparake adamianTa xasiaTs.
adamianTa xasiaTSi igi Zalian bevr, rogorc sust, aseve
Zlier mxareebs ganapirobebs. enis wyobis mixedviT
SesaZlebelia ama Tu im xalxis xasiaTze msjeloba. ena
aris mTeli sazogadoebis, mTeli eris kuTvnileba,
amitom igi Zalian didi doziT akavSirebs adamians am
koleqtivTan. ena aris erT-erTi faqtori, romelic
erT enaze molaparake xalxs garkveuli koleqtiuri
cnobierebisken kravs. es aris enisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
Zalian mniSvnelovani saidumlo. igi gansazRvravs
erovnul xasiaTs, erovnul TviTmyofadobas. meore mxriv,
igive ena adamians erTgvarad aiZulebs garkveulwilad
daemorCilos koleqtiur cnobierebas.
enis ganviTarebas, enis mdgomareobas udidesi
mniSvneloba aqvs ama Tu im eris evoluciis procesSi. enaSi
yvelaze ufro mkveTrad aisaxeba xolme eris krizisuli
mdgomareoba. xSirad ena imdenad knindeba, rom igi veRar
gadmoscems sulier aspeqtebs. roca eniT ukve Znelad
gadmoicema sulieri samyaros WeSmaritebebi, es niSnavs
am eris degradacias, sulieri samyarosgan mowyvetas.
piriqiT, roca xdeba aRmavloba, maSin mkveTri cvlilebebi
xdeba enaSic. dRevandel enaSi axali impulsebis, sulieri
impulsebis Setana Zalian mniSvnelovania. sruliad
aSkaraa, rom saqarTveloSi ena SeiZleba ganxilul iqnas
rogorc cocxali tradicia.
saqarTveloSi es sakiTxi imdenad TavisTavadia,
rom masze farTo diskusia arc mimdinareobs. igive
problema aseTi TavisTavadi ar aris msoflios bevr
regionSi. mraval mkvdar enas romc ar SevexoT, Tundac
ramdenad mniSvnelovania is mdgomareoba, romelSic
Tanamedrove irlandiuri ena aRmoCnda. am uZvelesi
kulturis mqone xalxis ena Tanamedrove irlandiaSi

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„samuzeumo eqsponatad“ iqca. erma praqtikulad Sewyvita
sakuTar enaze metyveleba. irlandielebma sakuTar enaze
metyvelebis tradicia dakarges.
ganvixiloT kidev erTi magaliTi, romelic SeiZleba
davukavSiroT tradiciebis meore formas _ samSvinvelis
mexsierebas warsulis Sesaxeb.
dRes saqarTveloSi Zalze mniSvnelovan monapovars
warmoadgens warsulis iseTi fenomeni, rogoricaa
xalxuri folklori _ qarTuli xalxuri simRera, cekva,
xalxuri poezia. sruliad aSkaraa, rom igi Tanamedrove
epoqaSi SenarCunebulia ritmuli mexsierebis xarjze.
qarTuli xalxuri simRerebis mosmenas nebismier
adamianze didi zemoqmedebis Zala aqvs. TiTqosda
mis samSvinvelSi am dros raRac cocxldeba. roca
musika qreba, es Sinagani mSvinvieri gancda TandaTan
daviwyebas eZleva. SemdegSic am simReris mosmenisas
igi adamianSi xelmeored cocxldeba. am dros adamiani
raRac amaRlebulisaken iswrafvis, mis samSvinvelSi
raRac saocari erovnuli impulsebi Cndeba. swored es
aris ritmuli mexsiereba. es aris tradiciis is forma,
romelsac samSvinvelis mexsiereba SeiZleba vuwodoT.
Cveulebriv sayofao sferoSi qarTul xalxul sim­
Reras naklebad asruleben, yovel SemTxvevaSi qa­ la­
qis pirobebSi kidev ufro naklebad. igi ZiriTadad
Semoinaxa sasceno Sesrulebam da im folkloristebis
Tavdauzogavma Sromam, romlebic saqarTvelos mTel
teritoriaze dadiodnen, agrovebdnen am simRerebs
maSinac ki, rodesac isini ukve ikargeboda im mxareebSi,
sadac iyo Seqmnili. dResac arsebobs mcdeloba, rom
es simRerebi kvlav daubrunon xalxs, Tumca sruliad
aSkaraa, rom folkloris ukan dabrunebis procesi mZimed
mimdinareobs.
Tu SevexebiT tradiciis mesame formas _ atavistur
tradicias, mkvdar tradicias, misi magaliTebi Cven yovel

_ 324 _
wams, yovel fexis nabijze gvxvdeba. is Sinaarsdakarguli
ritualebi, romlebsac Cven xSirad aracnobierad aRvas­
rulebT, swored am mkvdari tradiciebis manifestaciaa.
rac Seexeba mexsierebis formebs, aSkaraa, rom saqar­
TveloSi samive forma farTodaa SemorCenili. droiT
da ritmul mexsierebaze rom aRaraferi vTqvaT, CvenSi
aseve didi doziTaa SemorCenili lokaluri mexsierebac
_ roca vxedavT da maSin gvaxsendeba, roca garkveul
niSnebs Cvens garSemo imitom vqmniT, rom gvaxsovdes.
droiTi mexsierebis impulsebs, bunebrivia warsulidan
ver movipovebT.
tradicia dRevandeli sazogadoebis formirebis pro­
cesSi Zalian mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs. dRes Cvens
sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi ukve imdeni nakadi xvdeba
erTmaneTs, rom Zalian Znelia raime erTi konkretuli
suraTi gamovyoT. dRes Cven gvaqvs uZvelesi tradicia da
sruliad axali tradicia socialisturi tradiciis saxiT,
gvaqvs sruliad axali sulieri impulsebi, romlebic
dasavleTidan iWreba, gvaqvs impulsebi, romlebic arc
Tu ise didi xnis win CrdiloeTidan SemoiWrnen. am
qaosSi Zalian Znelia mkveTri suraTis gamoyofa imasTan
dakavSirebiT, Tu ra sulieri cxovrebiT cxovrobs
dRevandeli saqarTvelo. warsulSi saqarTvelos kultu­
risTvis damaxasiaTebeli sulieri cxovrebis forma
ufro naTeli da gasagebi iyo. es Tavisebureba dRes
aucileblad unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli, Tumca, ra­
sakvirvelia, Tanamedrove etapze gadaazrebuli.

_ 325 _