ოთარ ქვრივიშვილი - სვეტიცხოვლის მისტერია

oTar qvriviSvili
sveticxovlis
misteria
gamomcemloba `nekeri~
2010
winamdebare wignis pirveli gamocemis Semdeg aTi weli gav-
ida.. meore gamocemaSi naSromis ZiriTad SinaarsSi mniSvnelo-
vani cvlilebebi ar momxdara. ramdenime Tavi gafarTovda,
xolo zogierTi fragmenti met-naklebad daixvewa.
naSromis ZiriTadi mizani saqarTvelos sulieri kul-
turis safuZvlebis Ziebaa. saqarTvelos istoria moazrebulia
rogorc erTiani sakacobrio istoriis nawili. naSromSi sauba-
ria im sulieri nakadebis Sesaxeb, romlebmac gansakuTrebuli
adgili daikava saqarTvelos qristianul kulturaSi. gamo-
kvlevebSi gansakuTrebulad aqcentirebulia is sulieri na-
kadi, romelic sveticxovlis misteriaSia gamovlenili.
wigni popularul enazea dawerili da gankuTvnilia mkiT-
xvelTa farTo wrisTvis.
redaqtori: ivane SatberaSvili
koreqtori: nana qvaCaxia
dakabadoneba: giorgi bagrationi
meore gadamuSavebuli gamocema
© oTar qvriviSvili, 2010
gamomcemloba `nekeri~, 2010
ISBN 978-9941-416-16-3
sarCevi:
Sesavali ..................................................................................... 5
Tavi I
oqros sawmisi .......................................................................... 16
Tavi II
wminda giorgis misteriuli arqetipi da
georgianuli saqarTvelo ..................................................... 43
§ 1. wminda giorgis kulti .................................................. 43
§ 2. miqaeluri memkvidreoba qarTul kulturaSi ............ 66
Tavi III
Tanadrouli epoqis anarekli `vefxistyaosanSi~ ............ 87
§ 1. epoqis sulieri problemebis asaxva `vefxistyaosanSi~.. 87
§ 2. tarielis iniciaciis problema `vefxistyaosanSi~ .... 92
§ 3. gvelismbrZolis idea `vefxistyaosanSi~ ................. 106
§ 4. `dasavleTs zarTa mareblad~ .................................... 118
Tavi IV
`qarTlis moqcevis~ simboloTmetyveleba ...................... 122
§ 1. saqarTvelos sulieri kulturis qvakuTxedi ......... 122
§ 2. `viTarca talanti, winamZRuarTagan dafaruli~ ... 128
§ 3. `qarTlis moqcevis~ bibliuri qargili .................... 134
§ 4. efeso ............................................................................. 148
Tavi V
`qebaY da didebaY qarTulisa enisaY“ — mefeTa sia ........... 164
Tavi VI
andria pirvelwodebuli ..................................................... 224
Tavi VII
arsukiZis sveticxovlis oqros gonio ............................. 236
§ 1. cisken gawvdili xeli ................................................. 236
§ 2. elementaruli samyaros gardaqmna mcxeTaSi ........... 256
§ 3. oqros gonio ................................................................ 266
-3-
Tavi VIII
wminda ninos sveticxovlis taZari ................................... 278
Tavi IX
wminda ninos jvari ................................................................ 309
Tavi X
sveticxovlis misteriis sofiologiuri aspeqti ......... 341
§ 1. sofiologiis pirveli nabijebi ................................. 341
§ 2. wminda sofiis Tanamedrove gageba ............................ 351
§ 3. sveticxoveli sofiis taZaria ................................... 361
§ 4. `Sen xar venaxi~ ............................................................ 380
§ 5. RvTisSvil pirquSis saxe sveticxovlis misteriaSi ... 385
Tavi XI
`moqcevis~ varskvlavTmetyveleba da graalis misteria .. 394
§ 1. graalis misteriis aRmosavluri nakadi ................... 394
§ 2. sibiluri cnobiereba da graalis misteria ............. 417
§ 3. `moqcevis~ varskvlavTmetyveleba ............................. 426
§ 4. indoeli tyve ............................................................... 445
§ 5. vardebiT mosili jvari .............................................. 460
Tavi XII
saqarTvelos momavali misia ............................................... 467
SeniSvnebi ................................................................................ 483
-4-
Sesavali
winamdebare naSromSi mocemuli gamokvlevebi gaerTianebu-

li arian erTi centraluri Temis irgvliv. misi mizania warmoa-
Cinos saqarTvelos sulieri cxovrebis is ZiriTadi motivebi,
romlebic zogadsakacobrio istoriis mdinarebaSi qarTuli
kulturis adgils gansazRvravs.
SeuZlebelia swori Sexedulebebis Camoyalibeba saqar-
Tvelos sulieri istoriis Sesaxeb, Tu misi Semadgeneli yoveli
epizodi ar iqneba ganxiluli im konkretul garemoSi, romel-
Sic igi zogadsakacobrio sulieri cxovrebis ganuyofel
nawils warmoadgens.
sakacobrio evoluciis yovel etapze moqmedi sulieri Za-
lebi da impulsebi sruliad specifikuri saxiTaa gamovlenili.
es faqtorebi qmnis im garemos, romelSic yoveli konkretuli
xalxisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli sulieri procesebi viTardeba. es
procesebi ki, Tavis mxriv, fizikur planSi garegnuli isto-
riis saxiT vlindeba.
materialisturad ganwyobil Tanamedrove mecnierebaSi
ZiriTadi yuradReba swored am garegnuli istoriis kvleviske-
naa mimarTuli. marTalia, amgvari kvlevis monapovrebi sruli-
ad TvalsaCinoa da saTanadod dasafasebelic, magram xSirad
igi istoriul statistikamde daiyvaneba; am statistikas ki,
Tavisi maTematikuri sizustis miuxedavad, Sesabamis istoriul
realobasTan Zalze cota aqvs saerTo.
marTalia, zogadsakacobrio cxovrebas Tavisi gansaz-
Rvruli evoluciis gza aqvs da es procesi garkveul kanonzo-
mierebebs eqvemdebareba, magram amave procesSi yovel ers aseve
gamokveTilad misTvis gansazRvruli funqcia akisria. yovel-
ma erovnulma kulturam, Tavisi evoluciis gzaze, swored is
impulsebi gamoarCia da SeiTvisa zogadsakacobrio istoriis
mdinarebidan, romlebic ufro metad Seesabameboda missave
erovnuli cnobierebis formas, missave winare sulier cxovre-
bas. amave dros, yovel istoriul etapze, es erovnuli kul-
turebi Tavad warmodgebodnen am zogadsakacobrio mdinarebis
mkvebav Senakadebad.
-5-
qarTuli kulturis Taviseburebebze saubrisas, bunebri-
via, umTavres yuradRebas imsaxurebs is grandiozuli proce-
si, ramac, erTi mxriv, am eris qristianul kulturad Camoya-
libeba da, meore mxriv, misi zogadqristianul cxovrebaSi
monawileoba gansazRvra.
qristianobis, rogorc msoflmxedvelobis Sesaxeb, xSir-
ad erTmaneTisagan didad gansxvavebuli, ufro xSirad ki ur-
TierTdapirispirebuli Sexedulebebi arsebobs. erT-erTi
amgvari Tvalsazrisi qristianobas ganixilavs, rogorc xaz-
gasmulad TavisTavad, winare religiuri moZRvrebebisagan
sruliad gancalkevebulad mdgom moZRvrebas. es Tvalsazrisi
Tavis radikalur gamovlinebaSi xSirad imiT icavs qristiano-
bis TavisTavadobis ideas, rom yvela winareqristianul re-
ligiur moZRvrebas Secdomilebad, anu eresad miiCnevs. mec-
nierul wreebSi ufro imgvari Tvalsazrisia miRebuli, romlis
mixedviTac qristianoba, rogorc msoflmxedveloba, mxolod
gagrZelebaa winareqristianuli religiuri warmodgenebisa da
mxolod maTi ganviTarebisa da srulyofis Sedegia. miuxedavad
amgvari Sexedulebebis, erTi mxriv, religiuri, xolo, meore
mxriv, mecnieruli Seferilobisa, isini mainc ufro metad ma-
terialisturi azrovnebis wesidan iReben saTaves.
qristianuli religiuri moZRvrebis qvakuTxeds, cxadia,
macxovris gankacebisa da golgoTaze misi jvarcmis istori-
uli movlena warmoadgens. ramdenadac es movlena istoriul
planSi mxolod erTxel, sruliad gansazRvrul sivrcesa da
droSi moxda, cxadia, ukve es faqti metyvelebs mis TavisTava-
dobas. am TvalsazrisiT qristianoba, marTlac, sruliad TviT-
myofadi movlenaa. winareqristianul moZRvrebebTan misi erT
saerTo sibrtyeSi ganxilva mxolod qristianobis Sinagan arsSi
gaurkvevlobas efuZneba, magram, miuxedavad amisa, mis TavisTa-
vadobas sruliadac araferi akldeba imiT, Tuki igi ganxilul
iqneba winareqristianul sulier moZRvrebebTan mimarTebaSi.
Tuki Zveli misteriebi obieqturad iqnebian aRqmulni, sruli-
ad cxadliv warmoCindeba, rom isini umTavresad swored pales-
tinaSi ganxorcielebuli movlenis winaswarmetyvelebas, xolo
msoflmxedvelobrivi TvalsazrisiT, mis winaswar Semzadebas
warmoadgenen.
golgoTis movlena, miuxedavad Tavisi gansakuTrebulobi-
sa da yovelive manamde arsebulze aRmatebuli mniSvnelobisa,
mainc kacobriobis istoriis nawilia da amdenad misi gancda
-6-
swored am istoriul mTlianobaSia marTebuli. am gziT ga-
cilebiT ufro sworad xerxdeba Tavad qristianobis umTavres
saidumloebebSi mocemuli xat-saxeebis wvdoma.
winareqristianul epoqebSi kacobriobis sulieri cxovre-
ba uaRresad mravalferovani saxiT vlindeboda. garda imisa,
rom, kacobriuli yofis evoluciidan momdinare, igi mkveTrad
gansxvavebul saxes iRebs sxvadasxva epoqaSi, aseve SesamCnevia
geografiuli garemodan momdinare Taviseburebebic.
rogorc cnobilia, sakacobrio istoriis erT-erT saetapo
movlenas warRvnis periodSi hqonda adgili. warRvnis Semdeg,
roca civilizaciis centrma mkveTrad gadainacvla dasavleTi-
dan aRmosavleTisaken, daaxloebiT axlandeli indoeTis te-
ritoriaze TvalsaCino kultura Seiqmna. marTalia, indoeli
riSebis kulturaSi jer kidev SemorCa atlantiduri sulieri
cxovrebis anarekli, magram swored amave kulturam misca da-
sabami civilizaciis axal mimarTulebas.
kacobriobis warRvnisSemdgomi ganviTarebis umTavresi
Taviseburebani imaSi mdgomareobda, rom TandaTan ufro da
ufro mkveTrad icvleboda adamianis mimarTeba, erTi mxriv,
sulier da, meore mxriv, fizikur, grZnobad samyarosTan. in-
dur kulturaSi didi doziT iyo SemorCenili atlantiduri
ganwyobileba, roca adamians sulieri samyaros Wvretis unari
jer kidev cxadlivad hqonda, maSin, roca mas fizikur sam-
yaroSi faqtobrivad eZina. sulieri samyaros mimarT sifxizle
ki imaSi gamoixateboda, rom igi xatovani azrovnebis formiT
Wvretda sulier arsebebsa da maT samyaroSi mimdinare movle-
nebs. adamians hqonda sruliad realuri gancda imisa, rom misi
WeSmariti samSoblo sulieri samyaroa da miwier yofaSi igi
swored iqidanaa daSvebuli, is fizikuri garsi, romelSic misi
suli Casaxlebula, realur cxovrebaSi mudmivad tkivilsa da
tanjvasTanaa dakavSirebuli. swored aqedan momdinareobda
misi erTgvarad mtruli ganwyobileba grZnobadi samyaros mi-
marT. ramdenadac adamianTa naTelxilviTi mzera garkveviT
xedavda, rom fizikurad xiluli sagnebis pirvelsaxeebic ima-
ve sulier samyaroSi ganicdeba, misTvis erTaderT realobas
swored es samyaro warmoadgenda, xolo miwieri yofa moCve-
nebad, anu iluziad aRiqmeboda.
kacobriobis istoriis Semdgomi etapebi imgvarad ganvi-
Tarda, rom sulieri samyaros `xilvadobis~ dabindvasTan er-
Tad sul ufro da ufro Zlierdeboda azrovnebiTi unari. ada-
-7-
mianma daiwyo TandaTanobiTi gamoRviZeba fizikur samyaroSi.
am periodSi ukve saWiro gaxda sulier samyarosTan axali mi-
marTebebis gamomuSaveba. kerZod, adamianTa garkveuli jgufe-
bi, romlebic TavianTi ganviTarebisa Tu unaris TvalsazrisiT
sxvebze ufro maRal safexurebze iyvnen, qmnidnen erTgvar da-
makavSirebel rgols sazogadoebis udidesi nawilisaTvis Se-
darebiT ufro dabindul sulier samyarosTan. es adamianebi,
erTi mxriv, sakuTar TavSi atarebdnen Sesabamisi epoqis niS-
nebs, xolo, meore mxriv, jer kidev inarCunebdnen sulier sam-
yarosTan urTierTobis im dones, rac adre SedarebiT advilad
miiRweoda sazogadoebis farTo masebisaTvis, magram ganvi-
Tarebis am etapze ukve daClungebuliyo. ase Seiqmna uZvelesi
misteriebi. am misteriebis xeldasxmulni faqtobrivad sazoga-
doebis mTel sulier cxovrebas warmarTavdnen. misteriis Sig-
niT arsebuli saidumloebebi xeldasxmulTa mier sulieri sam-
yaros sruliad realuri Wvretidan momdinareobda. yovelive,
rac misteriebSi aRiqmoda, iyo anarekli im movlenebisa, rom-
lebic sulier samyaroSi xdeboda. ramdenadac Sesabamisi na-
TelxedviTi Wvreta ar iyo misawvdomi sazogadoebis danarCeni
nawilisaTvis, maTTvis igive saidumloebebi sakulto cxovre-
baSi — kultmsaxurebaSi iyo mocemuli. is, rasac xeldasxmulni
naTelxilvebSi ganicdidnen, danarCenebs suraT-xatebsa da sim-
bolur saxeebSi ganecxadebodaT. misteriebSi iqmneboda ritu-
alebisagan Sedgenili wliuri kalendari, romelSi monawileo-
biTac yovel adamians SeeZlo suraT-xatebSi ganecada uRrmesi
kosmosuri saidumloebebi.
roca misteriebis xeldasxmulni sulier arsebebs Wvret_
dnen, sruliad sxvadasxva saxiT gadmoicemoda am Wvretis Sede-
gebi misteriebis SigniT da mis gareT. magaliTad, roca ber-
Znuli misteriebis xeldasxmuli ganicdida iupiterTan dakav-
Sirebul planetarul sulier Zalebsa da am Zalebis zemoq-
medebas rogorc adamianTa cxovrebaze, aseve Tavad sulieri
samyaros Sida movlenebze, igi am gancdebs arqmevda egzo-
terul saxels zevss da sakulto msaxurebaSi amgvari suraT-
xatis saxiT amkvidrebda. igive Seexeba sxva RvTaebebsac. marsis
Zalebis saxeldeba xdeboda aresiT, mTvarisa — artemideTi da
a.S. amgvari warmodgenebidan iqmneboda miTosi. miTosur saxe-
ebSi, romlebic zogjer TiTqosda gulubryvilo formebiT
warmodgebian, Sinaganad misteriebis udidesi sibrZnea moce-
muli.
-8-
kacobriobis sulier cxovrebaSi mkveTri cvlilebebi mox-
da Zveli welTaRricxvis pirvel aTaswleulSi. am droisTvis
adamianuri azrovnebis ganviTarebam ukve sakmaod maRal safe-
xurs miaRwia. Sesabamisad, aseve maRali doziT gafermkrTalda
sulieri samyaroc. azrovnebis ganviTarebasTan erTad sul
ufro da ufro SesamCnevi xdeba adamianis mier sakuTari `me~-s
gancdac. adamiani sakuTar `me~-Si iRviZebs.
aseT SemTxvevaSi misteriebis roli sazogadoebriv cxov-
rebaSi mkveTrad icvleba. sazogadoebis marTva misteriebi-
dan gadmoRvrili suraT-xatebiT ukve aRar Seesabameba epoqis
suls. sakuTari `me~-s dasamkvidreblad aucilebelia adamianis
ganTavisufleba miTosuri azrovnebisagan. iwyeba misteriebis
TandaTanobiTi dacema.
rogorc unda barbarosulad mogveCvenos ubrwyinvalesi
misteriuli kerebis dampyrobelTagan ngreva, an droTa mdi-
narebaSi maTi TandaTanobiT daknineba, erTian istoriul pro-
cesSi es movlenebi sakacobrio bedisweris nawilad unda mi-
viCnioT, an, sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, Zveli misteriebis dacema
saRvTo gangebulebis Sedegia. dedamiwaze uzenaesi sulieri
arsebis gankacebis Jami axlovdeba da yvelaferi, rac mis wi-
nare periodSi xdeba, ZiriTadad, swored am grandiozuli mov-
lenis Semzadebas warmoadgens.
golgoTaze epoqa Seicvala. is uzenaesi sulieri arseba,
romelsac Zveli misteriebis xeldasxmulni mxolod naTel-
xilvebSi Wvretdnen, ara Tu mxolod maTTvis, aramed mTeli
kacobriobisaTvis xiluli saxiT gacxadda. sruliad konkre-
tul drosa da sivrceSi qriste adamianur sxeulSi mogvevli-
na. garegnul, istoriul planSi ganxorcielda is, rac Zvelad
misteriebis uRrmes sferoebSi ganicdeboda. amis Semdeg yovel
adamians erTnairad ganecxada is, rac adre mxolod rCeulTa
xvedrs warmoadgenda.
Zveli misteriebis epoqa damTavrda. qristianuli inicia-
ciis formam sruliad gansxvavebuli orientirebi dasaxa.
marTalia, Zveli misteriebi daecnen, magram maT grandio-
zuli kvali datoves kacobriobis ganviTarebis istoriaSi.
aTeuli saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi swored isini amzadebdnen ka-
cobriobas axali eris dasawyisisaTvis, axali drois misteriis,
golgoTis misteriis gancdisaTvis.
miTosuri saxeebi, romlebic paralelurad miyvebodnen
Zvel misteriebs, cxadia, erTbaSad ar gamqralan da momaval
-9-
saukuneebSic SesamCnev rols TamaSobdnen kacobriobis suli-
er cxovrebaSi. Tu miTosuri gmirebi dReisTvis bavSvebisTvis
sakiTxavi zRaprebis personaJebad gvevlinebian, es sulac ar
iZleva safuZvels maTi rolis SeufaseblobisaTvis. dRevan-
delma kacobriobam Tavisi bavSvobis asaki swored am miTosuri
gmirebis garemocvaSi ganvlo.
am TvalsazrisiT, arc qarTveli eris sulieri cxovreba
yofila gamonaklisi. dRemde uaRresad gafermkrTalebuli
saxiT SemorCenili qarTuli miTebic da sxva erebis miTebSi
mocemuli miniSnebebic ki cxadliv metyveleben im faqtebze,
rom uZveles droSi saqarTvelos teritoriazec mZlavri mis-
teriuli centrebi arsebobdnen.
vfiqrobT, qarTveli eris, rogorc qristianuli kulturis
erT-erTi nawilis sulieri misiis gacnobiereba sruliad Seu-
Zlebelia, Tuki am misteriebis Sinagan xasiaTs ar mivapyrobT
mzeras.
dRemde arsebul yvela kulturas, didi iqneba igi Tu
patara, Tavisi TviTmyofadi istoria aqvs. amave dros, maTi
individualuri istoriebi erT kanonzomier istoriasac war-
moadgens — isini erT mTlian istorias qmnian. yvela calkeuli
kulturis Camoyalibebas Tan axlavs gansazRvruli sulieri,
Tu kulturuli nakadebis Tanxvedra, urTierTgadakveTa.
marTalia, yvela calkeuli kulturis istoria individua-
luria da sxvadasxva TaviseburebebiT gamoirCeva, magram yovel
maTgans mainc axasiaTebs raRac saerTo niSnebi. mTlianobaSi
kacobriobis istoria garkveuli kanonzomierebiT viTardeba.
nebismieri kulturis istoria SeiZleba warmodgenil iq-
nas rogorc procesi, romelsac gaaCnia mosamzadebeli pe-
riodi, aRmavlobis periodi da periodi, roca raRac etapze
es aRmavloba Tavis kulminacias aRwevs. Semdeg, rogorc wesi,
igi iwyebs daRma svlas, degradacias. degradaciis garkveul
etapze SasaZloa es kultura sxva formaSi gardaisaxos, Sesa-
Zloa erTgvar Zilis mdgomareobaSi gadavides, anda saerTod
gaqres istoriis asparezidan.
am TvalsazrisiT, yvela kulturis istoriaSi SeiZleba
dafiqsirebul iqnas is periodi, roca mis wiaRSi iwyeba gan-
viTarebis aRniSnuli cikli. am dros garkveul xalxTa jgu-
fis wiaRSi xdeba raRac Sinagani energiis dagroveba, axali
Sinagani impulsebis warmoqmna. yalibdeba saerTo interesebi,
sameurneo urTierTobebi, Cndeba garkveuli koleqtiuri cno-
- 10 -
biereba, yalibdeba am xalxis erTiani, koleqtiuri samSvinveli.
am koleqtiur samSvinvelSi warmoiqmnili mZlavri impulsebi
axdenen am koleqtivis mobilizebas. aRmavlobas, ZiriTadad,
intensiuri xasiaTi aqvs. es procesi SesaZloa aTeuli wlebi,
anda saukuneebic gagrZeldes. garkveul periodSi am xalxis
Sinagani potencia Tavisi gamovlinebis maqsimums aRwevs. am pe-
riodSi gamoCndeba xolme is ZiriTadi nayofi, rac am xalxs
zogadsakacobrio evoluciaSi Seaqvs, ra misiiTac xdeba mTeli
es istoriuli procesi. es zeobis xanac aseve did droiT dia-
pazonSi SeiZleba icvlebodes, magram masac uTuod aqvs dasas-
ruli.
degradaciis periodi SeiZleba raime konkretuli isto-
riuli movlenidan (magaliTad, gareSe mtris Semosevidan) dai-
wyos, anda mas SeiZleba sulac SeumCneveli xasiaTi hqondes.
ufro xSirad degradaciis periodi ufro xangrZlivia xolme,
vidre aRmavlobis. ukve miRweuli Sedegebis xarjze degra-
daciis periodSic ki SesaZlebelia mniSvnelovani kulturuli
miRwevebis arseboba. Zveli inercia SesaZloa didxans grZelde-
bodes. imave periodSi, roca romelime kultura daRmavlobas
ganicdis, nel-nela gadis istoriis asparezidan, SesaZloa Se-
vamCnioT sadRac, sruliad sxva geografiul garemoSi rogor
ibadeba romeliRac axalgazrda kultura, rogor grovdeba iq
axali epoqis mamoZravebeli impulsebi. raRac axali ideiT Sep-
yrobili xalxi axali urTierTobebis Camoyalibebas iwyebs. mis
winaSe dasmuli istoriuli amocanebi, rogorc wesi, Zvelisagan
gansxvavebulia xolme da axal istoriul realobas Seesaba-
meba.
calkeuli kulturis ganviTarebis istoriul cikls Tu
kidev ufro vrcel istoriul WrilSi ganvixilavT, SevamCnevT,
rom aRmavloba-daRmavlobis am droiT monakveTs, drois am
erTgvar `talRur~ cikls, amave dros, aqvs rogorc winare
periodi, aseve Semdgomi istoriac. ese igi, am grandiozul
planSi gamovlenil aRmavlobas uTuod win uZRvis SedarebiT
dafaruli procesebi — xalxTa samSvinvelis qvesiRrmeebSi
mimdinare is procesebi, romlebic TiTqosda gareSe sulieri
ZalebiT inspirirdeba. rogorc Zveli moZRvrebi TavianTi
religiebis Sesabamis enaze ityodnen xolme, garkveuli su-
lieri arsebebi garegnuli movlenebis dawyebamde didi xniT
adre iwyeben ama Tu im xalxis momzadebas momavalSi dasaxuli
amocanebis Sesasruleblad. am xalxSi inergeba garkveuli su-
- 11 -
lieri impulsebi, mzaddeba calkeuli individualobebi, rom-
lebmac TavianTi moRvaweobiT swored es axali impulsebi unda
danergon am xalxis wiaRSi. maTi inspirireba swored sulieri
arsebebis zemoqmedebiT xdeba. maT Rvawls xSirad Soreul mo-
mavalSi moaqvs nayofi.
sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, nebismieri xalxis garegan, isto-
riul planSi gamovlenili kulturuli aRmavloba yovelTvis
misi winare periodis sulier cxovrebaSi mzaddeba.
Tu gadavxedavT istoriaSi met-naklebad cnobili didi
kulturebis Camoyalibebis istorias, uTuod SevamCnevT, rom
maT istoriul planSi gamovlenas win uZRoda garkveul su-
lier centrebSi mimdinare cxovrebis aqtiuri periodi. yvela
didi kulturis sulieri safuZvlebi dafarul sulier cen-
trebSi, anu misteriebSi momzadda. am sulier centrebSi xde-
boda sulieri samyarodan axali drois Sesabamisi impulsebis
mopoveba. am misteriebis mizans swored is Seadgenda, rom su-
lieri samyaros arsebebTan urTierTobaSi gaerkviaT kacobri-
obis evoluciis zogadi kanonzomierebebi, TavianTi xalxis ad-
gili am evoluciur procesSi. misteriebis sulieri moZRvrebi
cdilobdnen gaerkviaT sulier arsebaTa ganzraxva dedamiwaze
mimdinare procesebTan dakavSirebiT.
jer kidev berZnuli kulturis aRzevebis wina periodSi
mis sulier centrebSi, mis misteriebSi mopovebuli impulsebi
gaxda safuZveli berZnuli kulturis aRmavlobisTvis. berZeni
mxatvrebi, moqandakeebi, xuroTmoZRvrebi Tu sxva xelovnebis
warmomadgenlebi faqtobrivad berZnul misteriul centrebSi
mopovebul impulsebs garegani xelovnebis nimuSebad gardaq-
mnidnen. im SemTxvevaSic ki roca iqmneboda TvalsaCino filo-
sofiuri sistemebi, es iyo sulieri samyarodan miRebuli im-
pulsebis gardaqmna inteleqtualur formaSi.
igive berZnuli kulturis magaliTze SeiZleba SevniSnoT,
rom rogorc ki iwyeba am kulturis degradacia, maSinve Cnde-
ba iseTi mimdinareobebi, rogoricaa epikureizmi, stoicizmi,
skepticizmi. ukve TandaTan Cndeba pirveli eWvebi WeSmarite-
bis Sesaxeb. WeSmariteba da silamaze, WeSmariteba da harmonia,
WeSmariteba da siyvaruli ukve TavisTavad aRar gulisxmoben
erTmaneTs. adamianebi maTze msjelobas sruliad ganyenebu-
lad iwyeben. svamen abstraqtul kiTxvebs: ra aris WeSmariteba?
ra aris silamaze? ra aris harmonia da ase Semdeg. manamde,
mTlianobaSi warmodgenili samyaro TavisTavad gulisxmobda
- 12 -
WeSmaritebas, sikeTes, silamazes, siyvaruls.
adamiani ukve sulieri samyarodan gancalkevebulad ganic-
dida sakuTar Tavs.
yoveli kulturis degradaciis periodSi mis mier war-
sulSi mopovebuli impulsebi TandaTan kargaven Sinagan muxts.
marTalia, maTi cocxali gancda dakargulia, magram isini
xSirad mainc rCebian kulturis farglebSi da, faqtobrivad,
tradiciad gardaiqmnebian. ese igi, tradicia TavisTavad gu-
lisxmobs warsulSi mis Sesabamis cocxal sulier cxovrebas.
xSirad tradicia imdenad Zvelia xolme, rom Zalze Wirs im
safuZvlebis moZieba, saidanac is warmoiSva. xSirad ama Tu im
kulturis tradiciebSi erTdroulad arsebobs sxvadasxva epo-
qidan momdinare Sreebi. ZiriTadad, tradicia aris warsulidan
momdinare is inerciis Zala, romelic degradirebul kultu-
ras arsebobis unars unarCunebs.
kulturaTa ganviTarebis zemoT mocemuli saxe sqematurad
SeiZleba sam fazad warmovadginoT:
pirveli, mosamzadebeli, anu misteriuli periodi; meore —
kulturis garegani cxovreba Tavisi aRmavlobis, kulminaciisa
da daRmavlobis monakveTebiT; da mesame — Camqrali kultura,
romelic tradiciebiT inarCunebs arsebobas.
igive ciklebi SeiZleba erTi adamianis cxovrebas Sevada-
roT. mosamzadebeli periodi Zalian hgavs adamianis bavSvobis
asaks. am dros adamians ar SeuZlia sakuTari Zalebidan moq-
medeba da amitomac mas hyavs aRmzrdelebi da maswavleblebi.
swored ase gamoiyureba kulturac, romlis sulieri cxovreba
misteriul centrebSi mzaddeba, sadac xeldasxmulTa moR-
vaweobas sulieri arsebebi winamZRoloben.
meore, anu Sua periodi zrdasruli adamianis cxovrebas
hgavs, roca adamiani sakuTar Zalebze dayrdnobiT iwyebs mo-
qmedebas da garkveul periodSi bavSvobaSi gamomuSavebuli
unar-Cvevebis realizacias axdens. am dros igi Zalze aqtiuria
garegan cxovrebaSi.
Semdeg misi Zalebi TandaTan klebulobs da iwyeba sibere,
rac kulturis arsebobis mesame periods SeiZleba Seedaros.
qarTuli kulturis adgilis gansazRvra zogadsakacobrio
evoluciis mdinarebaSi da misi Sinagani ganviTarebis stadiis
Sefaseba Cveni erT-erTi umTavresi amocanaa.
aseve aucilebelia, uZveles misteriebze msjelobisas ar
iqnas daviwyebuli ZiriTadi orientiri — saqarTvelos is qris-
- 13 -
tianuli kultura, romelic dResac agrZelebs arsebobas.
bunebrivia, Zalze mniSvnelovania im istoriuli wyaroe-
bis garkveva, romelTa mixedviTac SesaZlebeli iqneba saqar-
Tvelos sulier cxovrebaze msjeloba. vfiqrobT, am Tvalsaz-
risiT uaRresad mniSvnelovani wyaroebi gvaqvs da araviTari
safuZveli ar arsebobs raRac fantastikuri saidumloebebis
xelovnurad SeqmnisTvis. arsebuli sulieri wyaroebi umTavre-
sad swored im suraT-xatebSia mocemuli, romlebic yvelam
kargad icis garegnuli TvalsazrisiT. magaliTad, gana did
saidumlod iTvleba saqarTveloSi is faqti, rom saqarTvelo
RvTismSoblis wilxvedri mxarea? anda is, rom mcxeTaSi uf-
lis kvarTi daifla? gana vinmesTvis araa udavo WeSmariteba
is, rom saqarTveloSi gansakuTrebuli saxiTaa gamovlenili
wminda giorgis kulti? saqarTveloSi rom qristianoba wminda
ninom iqadaga da kidev mravali sxva.
swored am sayovelTaod cnobil faqtebSia mocemuli yve-
laze uSinaganesi, yvelaze uRrmesi saidumloebebi, xolo is
saxeebi, ra saxeebiTac isini sayovelTaodaa cnobili, metyve-
leben mxolod garegnul faqtebze, mxolod garegnul saxee-
bze. maTi WeSmariti arsi ki mudam garegnul faqtebs miRma
igulveba.
saqarTvelos istorias, Tavis mxriv, Zalze Taviseburi is-
toria aqvs. es Tavisebureba, ZiriTadad, imaSi gamoixateba, rom
im saxiT, ra saxiTac dRes istorias vicnobT, qarTvelebi mas
arasodes werdnen. saqarTveloSi ukanasknel saukuneebamde ar
Seqmnila istoriuli Janris Txzulebebi. jer kidev XII sauku-
neSi Tamar mefis Tanamedrove didi sasuliero moRvawe, saqar-
Tvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi nikoloz I (gulaberiZe) didad
ganicdida qarTvelTa am nakls. am mxriv, nikoloz I berZnebis
gansakuTrebul unars aRniSnavs. igi SeniSnavs, rom rac unda
moxdes berZenTa Soris, maSinve werilobiT aRweren da TavianT
STamomavlebs ukvdav Zeglad utoveben, umniSvnelo ambavsac ar
toveben aRuweravs, arafers aZleven daviwyebis ufskruls. am
saqmeSi yovlad ucxoni da umecarni arian qarTvelni. uamravi
didi saswauli xdeba Cvens Soris, Cven ki saerTod arafers
aRvricxavT, maSin, roca berZenTa daweril wignebs ukve veRar
itevs qveynierebao.1
rac Seexeba qarTul werilobiT wyaroebs, isini, ZiriTa-
dad, istoriul-literaturuli kuTxiT arian Seswavlili da
naklebadaa gamaxvilebuli yuradReba maT sulier Sinaarsze —
- 14 -
im Sinaarsze, risi gamosaxvis mizniTac es teqstebi Seiqmna.
winamdebare naSromis pirvel TavebSi yuradReba gamaxvile-
bulia im ZiriTad aspeqtebze, romlebmac saqarTvelos sulieri
cxovrebis Taviseburebebi gansazRvres. aRniSnuli procesis
saTaved moniSnulia daaxloebiT is periodi, romelic bib-
liur istoriaSi abraamis epoqad iwodeba, xolo saqarTvelos
istoriaSi kolxuri samyaros zeobis xaniT aRiniSna. es epoqa
daaxloebiT ori aTaswleuliT win uswrebs macxovris gankace-
bis Jams. axali, qristianuli epoqis ganvlil or aTaswleulSi
yuradReba gamaxvilebulia saqarTvelos sulieri cxovrebis
im Taviseburebebze, romlebic yvelaze ufro cxadad mcxeTis
sveticxovlis istoriaSi, anu sveticxovlis misteriaSia moce-
muli. es xangrZlivi da mravalganStoebiani sulieri cxovre-
bis forma Tavis TavSi moicavs im ZiriTad tendenciebsac, rom-
lebic eris momavali sulieri cxovrebis safuZvels warmoad-
genen. rogorc Cans, es samomavlo tendenciebi sakmaod Rrmad
iyo aRbeWdili saqarTvelos erovnul cnobierebaSi da isini
qveynis sulier moZRvarTa naazrevSic naTlad vlindeboda.
- 15 -
Tavi I
oqros sawmisi
argonavtebis kolxeTSi mogzaurobis Tema berZnul weri-

lobiT wyaroebSi Zalze farTod da mravalmxrivaa damuSave-
buli. ramdenadac movlenebi, ZiriTadad, Zvel kolxeTTan
mimarTebaSi viTardeba, es teqstebi umniSvnelovanes cnobebs
Seicaven Zveli qarTuli kulturis Sesaxeb. Zveli kolxeTis is-
toria Cven, ZiriTadad, berZnuli wyaroebidan viciT. am Temaze
adgilobrivi qarTuli wyaroebi, Tundac mogvianebiT Seqmnili,
ar moipoveba. yovel SemTxvevaSi, maT Cvenamde ar mouRweviaT.
argonavtebis eposi berZnuli samyaros erT-erTi yvelaze
popularuli Temaa. argonavtebis ambavs kargad icnobdnen
homerosi, hesiode, kalimaqe, pindare, platoni, aristotele
da sxvani. berZnul literaturaSi mravalmxrivaa damuSavebuli
argonavtikis calkeuli epizodebi. bevrma werilobiTma Zeglma
Cvenamde verc moaRwia da dReisTvis mxolod maTi saTaurebia
SemorCenili. magaliTad, esqiles argonavtebis Tqmulebebis
safuZvelze Seqmnili hqonda trilogia, aseve dauweria ram-
denime tragedia da satiruli drama.
arsebobs cnoba, rom sofoklem argonavtebis Temaze yve-
laze meti Txzuleba Seqmna, Tumca Cvenamde arcerTs ar mouR-
wevia.
evripidesac daaxloebiT eqvsi mniSvnelovani tragedia
dauweria, magram dReisTvis mxolod erTia cnobili (`medea~).
Zv. w. III saukuneSi argonavtikis Temaze monumenturi Txzu-
leba Seqmna apolonios rodoselma.
Zvel berZnul literaturaSi iSviaTia xelovani, romelic
am Temas ar Sexebia. igive iTqmis berZen klasikur prozazec.
argonavtebis Temas rogorc Sua saukuneebis, aseve axali
drois evropul xelovnebaSic xSirad ubrundebodnen xolme.
igi mniSvnelovan STagonebis wyaros warmoadgenda dasavlur
xelovnebaSi.
argonavtikis mimarT interesi naklebad SeimCneoda qarTul
garemoSi. Zveli wyaroebis mixedviT mxolod imis Tqma SeiZle-
ba, rom berZnuli miTebi cnobili iyo qarTveli moRvaweebis-
- 16 -
Tvis. isini, ZiriTadad, berZnul wyaroebs eyrdnobodnen.
eqvTime mTawmindels germane patriarqis Txzulebis Tar-
gmanSi (`Txrobai saswaulisaTvis mTavarangelozisa miqaelisa-
Ta~) moxsenebuli aqvs erT-erTi epizodi argonavtebis miTidan.
rogorc Cans, argonavtebis miTebs kargad icnobda efrem
mcirec. am miTs igi Tavis èlinTa mezRapreobaSi~ (grigol na-
zianzelis sityvaTa komentari) iyenebs.
ufro mogvianebiT Zveli qarTveluri garemos geografi-
uli aRwerilobisa da istoriis kvlevisas berZnul wyaroebs
ubrundebian vaxuSti batoniSvili (àRwera samefosa saqar-
Tvelosa~) da Teimuraz batoniSvili (ìveriis istoria~). maTi
kvlevebi, ZiriTadad, istoriul-faqtobrivi masalis Ziebas ar
scildeba.
argonavtebis Temas akaki wereTelic exeba da berZnuli Tema-
tikis mixedviT originalur dramatul poema `medeas~ qmnis.
miuxedavad imisa, rom, zogadad, qarTuli kulturis Sesa-
xeb argonavtikaze ufro Zveli wyaroebi ar arsebobs, am Temis
mimarT qarTvelur garemoSi aTeuli saukuneebis manZilze gan-
sakuTrebuli interesi ar gamouCeniaT. am Temisadmi interesi
ufro XX saukunis meore naxevridan gamoikveTa, radgan am
dros Zveli qarTuli kulturis Zirebisken mibruneba Zalze
aqtualuri gaxda.
Tanamedrove termins `kolxeTs~ berZnulad `kolxidas~
forma hqonda. kolxeTi apolonios rodoselis àrgonavtikaSi~
ori saxeliTaa moxsenebuli — àia~ da `kolxida~. rogorc Cans,
im droisTvis saberZneTSi es terminebi ukve sinonimebi iyo.1
argonavtebis mier kolxeTidan waRebuli oqros sawmisis
mniSvnelobis gasarkvevad aucilebelia im Tqmulebis gaTva-
liswinebac, romelic oqros sawmisis kolxeTSi moxvedris am-
bavs gadmogvcems.2
rogorc berZnuli miTosi iuwyeba, RrubelTa qalRmerTma
nefelem Tavis vaJs, friqses, hermesisagan boZebuli oqros-
matyliani verZi gadasca da dasTan erTad kolxeTisken gaam-
gzavra. da-Zma hele da friqse am verZiT gafrindnen aietis
qveynisaken. gzad hele verZidan gadmovarda da zRvaSi CaiZira.
friqsem mSvidobiT CaaRwia kolxeTSi. man oqrosmatyliani ver-
Zi RmerTebs Seswira, xolo tyavi kolxeTis mefe aiets gadasca.
aietma igi muxaze Camokida da urCxuli dauyena darajad. ase
moxvda oqros sawmisi kolxur samyaroSi.
argonavtebis miTis mimarT swori mimarTebis Camoyalibe-
- 17 -
bisTvis aucilebelia am miTSi gadmocemuli istoria gagebul
iqnas rogorc realuri, istoriuli ambavi. es istoria gad-
mocemulia ara Tanamedrove istoriisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
formiT, aramed miTosuri saburveliT. miTis avtorisTvis
amqveynad mimdinare xiluli movlenebi da masTan dakavSire-
buli sulieri procesebi erTi mTliani istoriaa da maTi Se-
sabamisi epizodebi erTmaneTisgan arc aris gancalkevebuli.
misTvis argonavtebis saqmianobaSi heras, apolonisa Tu aTenas
monawileoba sruliad naTeli da utyuari faqtebia. am SemTx-
vevaSi es aris ara simboloebi, aramed sruliad realuri su-
lieri gancdebi.
argonavtebis miTSi gadmocemulia kacobriobis istoriis
erT-erTi grandiozuli movlena, ramac mniSvnelovani roli
Seasrula civilizebuli samyaros evoluciis procesSi.
kacobriobis istoriis im periodSi, rodesac berZnuli samya-
ro wina planze gamovida, mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi daiwyo ada-
mianTa cnobierebis sferoSi. manamde wminda gansjiTi azrovneba
saerTod ar arsebobda. Zveli epoqis brZenkacTa umTavres amoca-
nas sulieri arsebebis ganzraxvaTa gamocnoba warmoadgenda. maTi
mzera mTlianad suleTisken iyo mimarTuli. cnobierebis amgvar
formaSi aqcentebi grZnobad Semecnebaze iyo gadatanili, xolo
gansjiTi impulsebi mniSvnelovan rols ar TamaSobdnen. am uZve-
lesi epoqis misteriebSi saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi grandiozuli
sibrZne dagrovda. igi adamiansac da mTel fizikur da sulier
samyarosac erT mTlianobaSi ganixilavda.
racionaluri azrovnebis ganviTarebam Zvel sibrZneSi
disonansi Seitana. gansjiTi azrovnebis monapovrebi, cxadia,
obieqturad asaxavdnen fizikur samyaros, magram igi mniS-
vnelovnad gaeTiSa suleTis aRqmas. Zveli sibrZnis mTlianoba
dairRva. logikuri azrovneba mxolod materiis kvlevisken
iqna mimarTuli.
azrovnebis amgvari formis ganviTarebac, cxadia, bunebri-
vi aucileblobiT iyo gansazRvruli. adamiani TandaTan Zli-
erdeboda sakuTar azrovnebaSi, Tumca ki es individualizacia
suleTisgan mowyvetis xarjze xdeboda.
Zveli erTiani sibrZnidan racionaluri sibrZnis gamoyofis
procesTan erTi mniSvnelovani garemoeba iyo dakavSirebuli.
siyvaruli, rogorc adamianSi arsebuli RvTaebrivi Zala, praq-
tikulad, usargeblod iqca racionaluri azrovnebis sferoSi.
manamde igi Zveli cnobierebis erT-erT qvakuTxeds warmoad-
- 18 -
genda. Zveli misteriebis sibrZne siyvaruls ukavSirdeboda.
ese igi, Semecnebis axali forma da siyvaruli erTmaneTisgan
gaTiSuli aRmoCnda.
istoriuli TvalsazrisiT, es movlenebi maSin xdeboda,
roca Zveli epoqis udidesi civilizaciebi istoriis arenas
tovebdnen, xolo axali xalxebi jer kidev Zalebs ikrebdnen
TavianTi misiis Sesasruleblad. astrologiuri TvalsazrisiT,
es is periodia, roca mze xaris zodiaqos tovebda da verZis
zodiaqoSi gadadioda. xaris epoqis warmavali kulturebi nel-
nela adgils uTmobdnen verZis epoqis kulturebs.
astrologiur saaTze amgvari epoqaluri cvlileba Zv. w.
VIII saukuneSi moxda. aRniSnuli istoriuli movlena ki, cxadia,
ramdenime saukunis ganmavlobaSi viTardeboda.
Talesi, anaqsagora, anaqsimene, sokrate da sxva filoso-
fosebi, marTalia, jer kidev inarCunebdnen Zvel sibrZnesTan
kavSirs, magram maTi cnobiereba ukve mniSvnelovnad raciona-
luri azrovnebisken midrekiliyo.
im epoqis brZenkacebs kargad esmodaT, rom Zveli sibrZnis-
gan mowyveta sasurvel Sedegebs ver moitanda. is didi ganZi,
rac pirveladi sibrZnidan daikarga da racionaluri sibrZnis-
gan mowyvetili aRmoCnda, xatovan enaze oqros sawmisiT aRiniS-
neboda. miTosur enaze rom vTqvaT, argonavtebis epoqis saber-
ZneTSi oqros sawmisi dakarguli iyo. berZeni xeldasxmulebi
naTlad Wvretdnen misi xelaxla mopovebis aucileblobas. isic
aSkara iyo, rom es berZnebisTvis dakarguli prasibrZne jer
kidev cocxali saxiT arsebobda imdroindel kolxur samyaro-
Si. aietis kolxeTi, umTavresad, cnobierebis Zveli formisken
iyo midrekili. argonavtebis miTSi es faqti imiTac mieniSneba,
rom kolxeTSi jer kidev wina Taobis RmerTebs uranossa da
geas scemen Tayvans. axali berZnuli samyaro ukve RmerTebis
axal Taobas eTayvaneboda.
berZnebis winaSe idga fundamenturi amocana — daearsebinaT
axali drois misteriebi, sadac cnobierebis axali forma kvlav
pirvelad RvTaebriv sibrZnes unda dakavSireboda. unda aRdge-
niliyo kavSiri axali drois Semecnebasa da siyvaruls Soris.
dakarguli prasibrZne, romelic verZis tyaviTaa simbolize-
buli, Zvelma kulturam dafarul sferoebSi gadaitana. faqto-
brivad, igi kolxuri saidumlo skolebis kuTvnilebad iqca.
berZenTa moZRvrebi da, rogorc miTebi gvauwyeben, berZenTa
RmerTebic daJinebiT moiTxovdnen oqros sawmisis mopovebas.
- 19 -
argonavtebis miTSi swored es movlenaa aRwerili. iazonma,
orfeosma, heraklem da berZnuli samyaros sxva gmirebma es amo-
cana warmatebiT Seasrules. saberZneTSi Caitanes is Zveli sibrZne,
romlis safuZvelzec SesaZlebeli gaxda axali tipis misteriuli
skolebis daarseba. axali epoqis sulieri krizisi swored am mov-
leniT iqna daZleuli. berZnul samyaroSi oqros sawmisis gada-
taniT warmatebiT ganxorcielda grandiozuli epoqaluri cvli-
leba — xaris epoqidan verZis epoqaze gadasvla. Zveli egviptis,
SuamdinareTisa da maTi Tanamedrove sxva kulturebis degrada-
cias berZnul-romauli samyaros aRmavloba moyva.
rogorc irkveva, heles da friqses miTi im istoriul mov-
lenaze mianiSnebs, romelsac jer kidev berZnul-romauli kul-
turis wina periodSi hqonda adgili. mas Semdeg, rac egvipturi
kulturis centrebi dacemis gzas daadgnen da wina planze
berZnulma samyarom iwyo gamosvla, aucilebeli gaxda egvip-
tur misteriebSi mopovebuli sulieri codnis im periodamde
Senaxva, vidre berZnuli samyaro saTanadod momZlavrdeboda
mis misaRebad. am mizniT, egvipturi misteriebis yvelaze ufro
sakraluri nawili kolxeTSi iqna gadatanili. misteriuli
kerebis amgvari gadanacvleba daaxloebiT Zv. w. meore aTas-
wleulis dasawyisSi ganxorcielda. rogorc irkveva, ukve Zv.
w. XIX saukunidan Savi zRvis aRmosavleT sanapirosTan mZlavri
misteriuli kerebi Camoyalibda. es misteriebi merkuruli (anu
hermesuli) xasiaTisa iyo. am TvalsazrisiT, isini swored uZve-
les egviptur misteriebs enaTesavebodnen.
rogorc cnobilia, sulieri cxovrebis is memkvidreoba,
rac warRvnisSemdgomma epoqam atlantiduri periodidan miiRo,
sxvadasxva kulturul SreSi sxvadasxva saxiT ganviTarda. egvip-
turi kultura im impulsebs daefuZna, romlebic atlantidis
periodidan merkuruli (hermesuli) orakulebis sulieri mem-
kvidreobis saxiT iqna gadmotanili. am kulturis winamZRoli
da pirveli qurumi hermes-toti iyo.3 zemoT naxsenebi Tqmule-
bac xom swored imas iuwyeba, rom friqsem hermesisgan boZebuli
verZi kolxeTSi Camoiyvana. es uwyeba miTosur enaze swored
hermesuli sibrZnis kolxeTSi gadanacvlebaze mianiSnebs.
marTalia, garegnuli istoriuli wyaroebi sulieri cxov-
rebis Sinagan xasiaTs ar gadmoscemen, magram mainc sainteresoa
mokled gavixsenoT, Tu ra werilobiTi cnobebi arsebobs kol-
xeTisa da egviptis urTierTobis Sesaxeb.
berZnul wyaroebSi kolxeTis dasaxelebas pirvelad Zv. w. VIII
- 20 -
saukunis moRvawis evmelos korinTelis TxzulebaSi vxvdebiT.4
Zv. w. VII-VI saukuneebidan kolxeTis Tema berZnul mwer-
lobaSi Zalze popularuli xdeba.
pirveli cnoba kolxTa eTnogenezisis Sesaxeb herodotes
(Zv. w. 484-425 ww) ìstoriaSi~ gvxvdeba. igi aRniSnavs kolxebis
genetikur naTesaobas egviptelebTan. rogorc Cans, misTvis cno-
bilia manamde arsebuli Tqmuleba imis Sesaxeb, rom egviptelma
faraonma sesostrisma (ramzes II-m) laSqrobisas Tavisi jaris
nawili Savi zRvis sanapirosTan daasaxla da kolxeTi am kolo-
niisgan Camoyalibda. herodote aRniSnavs, rom mas ar SeuZlia
amtkicos am Tqmulebis istoriuloba, magram dabejiTebiT ir-
wmuneba, rom kolxebi namdvilad egviptelebi ariano.
herodotes cnobiT, imis garda, rom kolxebi Savgvremane-
bi da xuWuWTmianebi yofilan, maT egviptelebis msgavsi wes-
Cveulebac hqoniaT. kerZod, yvela xalxTagan, mxolod kol-
xebi, egviptelebi da eTiopielebi yofilan, romlebic Tavi-
danve awarmoebdnen winadacveTas. sirielebsa da makronebs es
Cveuleba im periodSi kolxebisgan gadauRiaT.
herodote cdilobs sxva sabuTebic moZebnos kolxTa
egvipturi warmomavlobis dasamtkiceblad. igi aRniSnavs, rom
mxolod kolxebi da egviptelebi amuSaveben sels erTnairad;
maT cxovrebis wesi da enac ki msgavsi aqvTo. herodotes isic
gaurkvevia, Tu ra icodnen egviptelebma da kolxebma erTmane-
Tis Sesaxeb. aRmoCnda, rom kolxebs ukeT axsovdaT egviptele-
bi, vidre egviptelebs kolxebi. amis garda, egviptelebs faraon
sesostrisis laSqrobisa da egviptelTa kolxeTSi Casaxlebis
Tqmulebac scodniaT.5
odnav mogvianebiT msgavs cnobas vxvdebiT saxelganTqmuli
eqimis hipokrates (460-356) TxzulebebSic. mas Tavad umogzau-
ria kolxeTSi da didi sizustiT aRwers kolxeTis bunebriv
pirobebsac. hipokrates cnobiTac, kolxebs kanis feri muqi
hqoniaT (yviTeli, TiTqos siyviTle sWirdeT).6
Semdgomi periodis berZeni moRvaweebis TxzulebebSi
mravalgzis aRiniSneba kolxTa da egviptelTa naTesaobis Se-
saxeb. rogorc Cans, umravlesoba herodotes avtoritets
eyrdnoboda.
diodore sicilieli (Zv. w. I saukune) saintereso paralels
atarebs kolx da ebrael xalxTa mimarTebaSi. is wers, rom
kolxebi da iudevelebi egviptidan gamovidnen da sxvadasxva
adgilas dasaxldnen — kolxebi pontoSi, xolo ebraelebi ara-
- 21 -
beTsa da sirias Soris.7
diodore sicilielis cnobiTac am xalxebs msgavsi wes-
Cveuleba hqoniaT.
dRevandel samecniero wreebSi kolxTa da egviptelTa ge-
netikuri kavSiri arc dadasturebulia da arc uaryofili.
vfiqrobT, ar arsebobs safuZveli sruli undobloba ga-
movucxadoT berZnul wyaroebs. cxadia, arc imis safuZveli
arsebobs, vifiqroT, rom mTeli kolxeTis teritoria egvip-
turi warmomavlobis mosaxleobiT iyo dasaxlebuli. SesaZ-
loa, egvipturi koloniis Camoyalibebis Semdeg maT marTlac
wamyvani poziciebi daikaves kolxeTis kulturul cxovrebaSi.
rogorc apolonios rodoseli iuwyeba, egviptidan Camosaxle-
bul aias mkvidrT TavianTi winaprebis Zveli kirbebi, anu war-
werebiani qvis svetebic ki hqoniaT Semonaxuli.8
ase rom, berZnuli werilobiTi wyaroebi naTlad adasture-
ben, rom garkveuli kulturuli nakadi egviptidan kolxeTSi
aRwevs. rac Seexeba am kulturuli nakadis Sinaarss, berZnul
wyaroebSi mis Sesaxeb argonavtebis istoriis miTosur enazea
moTxrobili. swored miTosur saburvelSia mocemuli im mis-
teriebis Sinaarsi, romelTan ziarebac berZeni gmirebis miz-
nadaa dasaxuli.
rogorc irkveva, antikuri xanis avtorebi namdvilad is-
toriul faqtze miuTiTeben, magram am kavSirSi umTavresia
ara eTnikuri igiveoba, aramed sulieri memkvidreoba, anu ukve
aRniSnuli movlena — egvipturi misteriebis gadatana kolxeT-
Si, saidanac mogvianebiT es sibrZne berZnul samyaros gadaeca.
hans gzengeri marTebulad aRniSnavs: `kolxeTi iyo egvipturi
da berZnuli misteriebis okulturi kavSiris adgili. Cven
vdgavarT SavizRvispira auzis ZiriTad saidumloTa winaSe, sa-
dac iRvwodnen is misteriebi, romelTa mizans warmoadgenda
egvipturi epoqidan momdinare ezoteruli codnis gamJRavneba
berZnuli samyarosTvis~.9
miuxedavad imisa, rom naxsenebi misteriebi TiTqosda
kolxeTis istoriis erT garkveul periods exeba (magaliTad,
friqses mier aietisTvis gadacemuli oqros sawmisi aseve ai-
etisagan waiRo iazonma), sinamdvileSi, cxadia, aq saubaria is-
toriuli ganviTarebis sakmaod grZel periodze. oqros sawmi-
sis kolxeTSi Catana da Semdeg iqidan waReba TiTqmis aTeuli
saukunis procesia. egvipturi misteriuli kerebis kolxeTSi
gadanacvleba maSin xdeba, roca am kulturam Tavisi sulieri
- 22 -
ganviTarebis zeniti ukve gadaiara, xolo berZnuli kultura
jerac bavSvobis asakSia. ra Tqma unda, berZnebma egvipturi
memkvidreobis didi nawili maTgan uSualod miiRes, magram, am
SemTxvevaSi, kolxuri samyaros gavliT gadaecaT ara garegnuli
kultura, aramed misteriebis yvelaze ufro idumali nawili.
kacobriobis spiritualuri nakadi or dinebad gaiyo — mis-
teriuli sibrZnis da racionaluri sibrZnis nakadad. swored
es misteriuli sibrZne iqna gadatanili kolxeTis idumalT-
metyvelebis centrebSi, xolo racionaluri sibrZnidan mom-
dinare impulsebi uSualod, pirdapiri gziT gadaeca berZnul
kulturas. am TvalsazrisiT, oqros sawmisi zogadsakacobrio
mniSvnelobis Rirebulebaa. igi ar Semoifargleba arc egvip-
turi, arc kolxuri da arc berZnuli CarCoebiT.
oqros sawmisis kolxeTSi gadatana SeiZleba xatovnad
warmovidginoT, rogorc kolxeTis mier ganxorcielebuli Ca-
sunTqvis procesi. am dros kolxeTi erTgvarad mimRebi kul-
tura iyo. man zogadsakacobrio saganZuri Tavis wiaRSi daitia.
argonavtebis mogzaurobis Jams, daaxloebiT Zveli welTaR-
ricxvis XIII-XII saukuneebSi, ese igi, daaxloebiT 7-8 saukunis
Semdeg, kolxurma samyarom es ganZi kacobriobis evoluciis
axal nakadSi daabruna. ra Tqma unda, es aTaswleuli ise ar
unda warmovidginoT, TiTqosda am xnis manZilze raRac sai-
dumlo skivri kolxeTis gamoqvabulSi inaxeboda. am periodSi
kolxeTis misteriuli skolebi yvelaze ufro aqtiur sulier
cxovrebas eweodnen da swored amadac xvdaT pativi, rom es
zogadsakacobrio tvirTi etarebinaT. ramdenadac aRniSnuli
sulieri procesi dafaruli saxiT mimdinareobda, Zveli welT-
aRricxvis meore aTaswleulidan kolxeTSi ar SemorCenila
TvalsaCino garegnuli Zeglebi. am TavlsazrisiT, sakacobrio
TvalTaxedvis wina planze jer kidev egviptur-Sumeruli, xolo
mogvianebiT berZnul-romauli kulturebi gvevlinebian.
rac Seexeba berZen gmirTagan oqros sawmisis mopovebis
faqts, es movlenac uaRresad mniSvnelovan suraT-xatebSia
gadmocemuli. argonavtebis faTerakebiT aRsavse mogzauroba,
faqtobrivad, kacobriobis evoluciis gzas gamosaxavs. kol-
xeTSi mosvlisas irkveva, rom oqros sawmisis mosapoveblad
Zalze mniSvnelovani unarebis gamomuSavebaa saWiro. pirveli,
rac Tavidanve cxadi xdeba, aris is, rom siyvarulis Zalis ga-
reSe miznis miRweva SeuZlebelia. berZenTa didi qalRmerTebi
hera da aTena xangrZlivi bWobis Semdeg daadgenen, rom oqros
- 23 -
sawmisis mopovebis erTaderTi gza siyvarulia.10
kolxeTis mrisxane mefis mier dasaxuli amocanis gadaw-
yveta SeuZlebelia medeas daxmarebis gareSe. medea, rogorc
qali, simbolurad adamianis ganviTarebad samSvinvels ganasax-
ierebs. am samSvinvelSi moqmedi siyvarulis Zala gadamwyveti
faqtori xdeba axali epoqis umTavresi miznis misaRwevad.
aietis mier dasaxuli amocana adamianis mier sakuTari qvena
bunebis srul flobas gulisxmobs. iazonma spilenZisfexebiani
cecxlismfrqveveli xarebi unda daimorCilos, miwa moxnas da
xnulSi gveleSapis kbilebi daTesos. Semdeg man xnulidan amo-
suli rkinis abjrebiT Semosili meomrebi unda daamarcxos.
swored es suraT-xatebi gangvicxadeben im mZlavr Zalebs,
romlebic adamianis qvena bunebidan moqmedeben. am Zalebis da-
Zleva mxolod sulieri Zalebis daxmarebiT SeiZleba. samSvin-
velSi (medeaSi) arsebobs is jadosnuri Zala, romelic adamians
urTulesi amocanis daZlevas SeaZlebinebs.
gare samyarosken mimarTuli cnobiereba mis mravalfe-
rovnebaSia gabneuli. iazonisa da medeas SeerTeba garkveul
msxverplsac gulisxmobs. es msxverpli argonavtebis miTSi
absirtes saxiTaa warmodgenili. misi danawevrebuli sxeuli
zRvaSia gabneuli.
oqros sawmisis modaraje gveleSapi xatovnad im mZlavr Za-
lebs ganasaxierebs, romelic adamianSi misi qvena bunebidan mo-
qmedebs. Tu adamiani ver SeZlebs sakuTari ltolvebis, vnebe-
bisa da qvena bunebidan momdinare impulsebis `daZinebas~, igi
ver daeufleba oqros sawmiss. amitomac mogviTxrobs miTi, rom
medeas daxmarebiT argonavtebma gveleSapis daZineba SeZles.
uZvelesi warmodgenebiT, egviptur-Sumeruli kulturuli
epoqis gadasvla berZnul-romaulSi aRiniSneboda dasaxelebiT
— `pirveli dRe~. astrologiuri TvalsazrisiT, es iyo xaris
zodiaqoTi gansazRvruli epoqis dasasruli da cxvris, anu ver-
Zis epoqis dasawyisi. kalendarulad amgvari cvlileba, ese igi,
mzis gadasvla xaris zodiaqodan cxvris (verZis) zodiaqoSi Zv. w.
747 wels aRiniSna. swored am dros emTxveva romis daarsebac.
sxvadasxva miTologiur, Tu religiur warmodgenaSi naT-
lad aisaxa xarisa da cxvris epoqebis urTierTdapirispireba.
es dapirispireba, garkveulad, kultmsaxurebaSic aRiniSna.
xaris kultis adgili TandaTan cxvris kultma daikava. ber-
ZenTa mier oqrosmatyliani cxvris tyavis, anu oqros sawmi-
sis mopoveba erT-erTi naTeli niSania imisa, rom berZen xalxs
- 24 -
swored cxvris epoqaSi uwevs sakacobrio lideris rolis Ses-
ruleba (oqrosmatyliani cxvris tyavis mosapoveblad iazons
xarebis damorCileba uwevs). am TvalsazrisiT, kolxuri kul-
tura aqtiurad iRvwis am axali kulturuli epoqis sulieri
safuZvlebis momzadebisTvis.
rogorc aRiniSna, argonavtebis mogzauroba navaraude-
via Zv. w. XIII-XII saukuneebSi. rogorc Cans, am periodSi moxda
kolxeTis sulier centrebSi dagrovili sulieri codnis in-
tensiuri aTviseba berZen moRvaweTa mier. swored am periods
mosdevs berZnuli misteriuli centrebis mkveTri aRmavlobac.
berZnuli kultura TandaTan ikavebs imdroindeli kacobriobis
lideris adgils. rac Seexeba qarTul kulturas, rogorc Cans,
imave periodSi iwyeba misi degradaciac. kolxurma misteriebma
ukve Seasrules TavianTi misia. maT saWiro dromde Semoinaxes
is sulieri saganZuri, rac winare, egvipturi epoqidan miiRes
da amiT gza gauxsnes axali, berZnuli kulturis aRmavlobis
process. Zveli qarTveluri tomebis kulturis degradaciis
Sesaxeb sakmaod seriozuli garegnuli wyaroebi moipoveba.
strabonis `geografia~ gvauwyebs, rom aietis kolxeTi Zve-
lad saxelganTqmuli qveyana yofila. misma memkvidre mefeebma
ki qveyana calkeul skeptuxiebad dayves.11 ese igi, aietis Sem-
deg periodSi kolxeTis centralizebuli saxelmwifo calkeul
samTavroebad dayofila.
sxva qarTveluri tomebis Sesaxeb arsebul uZveles weri-
lobiT wyaroebSic analogiuri suraTi ikveTeba. i. javaxiSvi-
li miuTiTebs: `roca asureTis batoni tiglat-pilasar I Tavis
1100 w. warweraSi pirvelad muskebs, anu mesxebs ixseniebs, maSin
isini imdenad Zlierni yofilan, rom asureTis sabrZanebelis
dapyrobasac ki bedavdnen da asurelebs TavgamodebiT ecile-
bodnen~. `rogorc etyoba, muskebis samoqalaqo cxovreba sak-
maod dawinaurebuli yofila da qalaqebic blomad hqoniaT.
tiglat-pilasar I (1100 w. qr. w.) da Semdeg sargon mefe (721-707
w. qr. w.) TavianT warwerebSi kvexuloben, muskebis qalaqebi
davaqcieT da gadavbugeTo. mcxovrebni SeZlebulni yofilan:
orive zemodasaxelebuli asureTis batoni gaiZaxis, auarebeli
qoneba da simdidre wamoviReT davladao . . . tiglat-pilasari-
ca da sargonic mowmoben, verc erTs mefes Cvenze winaT muskebi
ver daemarcxebina da Cven winaprebs ar emorCilebodneno~.12
msgavsive informaciebi arsebobs imave periodis sxva qarT-
veluri tomebis Sesaxebac.
- 25 -
isini mezobel teritoriebze mosaxle bevr sxva xalxTanac
mWidrod iyvnen dakavSirebuli rogorc kulturuli, aseve
eTnikuri TvalsazrisiT. miTosuri gadmocemebic xazgasmiT
mianiSneben kolxuri, pelazguri, etruskuli da sxva tomeb-
is mravalmxriv kavSirebs. Zveli berZnuli tradiciis mixed-
viT, heliosis Zis, aietis samefo kolxidaSia, misi dis, kirkes
samefo etruskebis qveyanaSi mdebareobs. aietis meore da pasi-
fae kretis dedofalia. kreta winareberZnuli minosuri kul-
turis erT-erTi umTavresi centria.
aRniSnuli periodidan, ese igi, Zv. w. XI saukunidan, ukve
aRiniSneba am tomebis kulturis TandaTanobiTi dacema. Zv. w.
VII saukuneSi mcire aziaSi kimerielTa Semosevam kidev ufro
dasca qarTvelur tomTa poziciebi da am periodidan moyole-
buli qarTveluri tomebis saxelebi mcire aziaSi TandaTano-
biT qreba.
indoevropeli tomebis SemoWra mcire aziasa da xmelTaSua
zRvis teritoriaze saukuneTa manZilze grZeldeboda. isini
TandaTan aviwroebdnen mkvidr mosaxleobas da maT terito-
riebs ikavebdnen. saukunovani brZolebis dasasruli xatovan
enaze aisaxa berZnul miTosSi, kerZod, troas garemocvasTan
dakavSirebul movlenebSi. xangrZlivi garemocvis Semdeg Zveli
kulturis erT-erTi ukanaskneli centric ecema da kacobri-
obis istoriis wina planze axalgazrda berZnuli kultura
gamodis. qarTveluri tomebi, romlebic swored am Zveli eT-
nosis nawils warmoadgenen, mkveTrad izRudebian teritoriu-
li TvalsazrisiT. isini, ZiriTadad, CrdiloeTiT, kavkasiisa
da Savi zRvis sanapiroebisaken lokalizdebian.
berZnul miTosSi berZen moRvaweTa Zvel saidumlo si-
brZnesTan ziarebis procesi mxolod argonavtebis miTiT ar
Semoifargleba. Tundac mxolod aietTan dakavSirebiT SeiZle-
ba gavixsenoT, rom misi ori da — pasifae da kirke — berZen
gmirTa miRvaweobas mniSvnelovan epizodebSi ukavSirdebian.
eTnikuri TvalsazrisiT, Zveli minosis mosaxleoba kol-
xebTan erTad saerTo jgufSi erTiandeba. kunZul kretaze mi-
nosuri kulturis aRmavlobis periodi (Zv. w. XIX-XV ss) swored
kolxuri kulturis zeobis xanas emTxveva. egviptur da ber-
Znul misteriebTan mimarTebaSic kolxebi da kretelebi erT-
maneTs hgavdnen. isini gardamaval safexurs qmnidnen egviptur
da berZnul kulturebs Soris.
berZen gmir Tezevss swored kretas kunZulze uwevs Ta-
- 26 -
visi xeldasxmis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi safexuris gavla.
mrisxane minosis meuRle aris aietis da pasifae, rac naTlad
mianiSnebs am or misteriul garemoTa Soris arsebul kavSirze.
Tezevsi minosisa da pasifaes qaliSvilis (medeas mamidaSvilis)
ariadnes daxmarebiT aRwevs labirinTSi da minotavrs klavs.
Semdeg igi ariadnesTan erTad gaemgzavreba kretadan. am Sem-
TxvevaSic TvalsaCinoa ariadnesa da Tezevsis siyvarulis is-
toriis msgavseba medeasa da iazonis siyvarulTan.
am TvalsazrisiT, analogiuri SemTxvevaa odisevsTan
dakavSirebul miTSic. kunZul aiaiaze, romlis dasaxelebac
analogiuria kolxeTis samefos dasaxelebisa, cxovrobs aseve
aietis da _ jadoqari kirke. kirkes jadoqrobisagan odisevsic
siyvarulma ixsna. kunZulis grZneul dedofals berZeni gmiri
Seuyvarda. marTalia, man odisevss jadosnuri wamliT sakuTari
samSoblo daaviwya da erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi Tavis kunZulze
datova, magram Semdeg odisevsi gons moego da kvlav gaagrZela
iTakasaken mogzauroba. kirke daexmara mas, raTa qvesknelSi
moxvedriliyo da tireziasgan iTakas ambebi gaego.
rogorc vxedavT, samive berZen gmirs (iazons, Tezevss,
odisevss) TavianTi iniciaciis yvelaze ufro mniSvnelovan epi-
zodebSi kolxuri samyaros warmomadgenlebTan uxdebaT Sexve-
dra. faqtobrivad, maTi iniciacia swored kolxuri misterie-
bis zemoqmedebiT xdeba.
am samive miTosur istorias erTi saerTo motivic aqvs.
samive SemTxvevaSi kolxi qalebi mamiseuli samyaros saidum-
loebebs siyvarulis gamo amxelen. am TvalsazrisiT, kolxur
misteriebTan Sexvedra warmodgeba rogorc siyvarulis unaris
gansakuTrebuli gamovlineba. kolxi qalebis mier siyvaru-
lis gamo gadadgmuli es nabijebi samive SemTxvevaSi maTTvis
tragikulad damTavrda. isini mitovebulni aRmoCndnen. cxa-
dia, ar SeiZleba es miTosuri istoriebi Tanamedrove mora-
luri principebis mixedviT iqnas ganxiluli da vifiqroT,
rom aRniSnul miTebSi berZnebma TavianTi gmirebis umaduroba
gamoxates. azrovnebis amgvari forma sruliad miuRebelia mi-
Tosuri suraT-xatebis SefasebisaTvis. kolxi qalebis tragi-
kuli bedi imas mianiSnebs, rom maTi mSobliuri samyaro, miuxe-
davad axlisadmi gaweuli samsaxurisa, mainc warmavalia. Zvelis
axliT Secvla saRmrTo gangebulebiTaa gansazRvruli.
ra Tqma unda, sruliadac ar aris SemTxveviTi is faqti,
rom egviptidan kolxeTis gavliT saberZneTis misteriul cen-
- 27 -
trebSi gadatanili sulieri sibrZne oqros sawmisiTaa sim-
bolizebuli. am simbolikaSi gasarkvevad gavixsenoT erT-erTi
uZvelesi Tqmuleba oqros sawmisis Sesaxeb. am gadmocemaSi
naTqvamia, rom Zvel kolxeTSi icodnen oqros mopovebis said-
umlo xelovneba, kerZod, isini cxvris tyavis saSualebiT mdin-
are fazisis (rionis) Camonadeni qviSidan oqros acalkevebdnen.
am versiis mixedviT, kolxeTSi argonavtebis Camosvlis mize-
zic swored am `teqnologiis~ aTviseba yofila. es legenda
rom meoce saukunis avtors ekuTvnodes, cxadia, samarTli-
anad daimsaxurebda ironiul Rimils, magram, rogorc irkveva,
igi sakmaod Zvel da sakmaod sulier garemoSia Seqmnili. ukve
werilobiTi saxiTac ki amgvari cnoba oci saukunis winandel
teqstSi gvxvdeba. berZeni swavluli straboni swored amgva-
rad ganmartavs oqros sawmisis miTs:
`kolxeTSi mdinareebs CamoaqvT oqro, rasac barbarosebi
daxvretili varclebiTa da tyavebiT agroveben. aqedan momdi-
nareobs miTi oqros sawmisian tyavze . . . “13
axali welTaRricxvis II saukuneSi igive mosazrebas gamoT-
qvams apianec:
`kavkasionidan gamomdinare mraval nakaduls uCinari oq-
ros qviSa Camoaqvs. adgilobrivi mcxovreblebi sqelmatylian
cxvris tyavs deben da agroveben oqros qviSas, romelic am
tyavebze rCeba. albaT, amgvarive iyo aietis oqros sawmisic.~14
rogorc vxedavT, axali welTaRricxvis dasawyisSi ber-
Znul samyaroSi ukve gafermkrTalebulia Zveli codna oqros
sawmisis sulieri arsis Sesaxeb da aqauri wyaroebi ukve legen-
dis garegnul, materialur mxaresRa exebian.
legenda oqros mopovebis Sesaxeb bevrad ufro Zvelia.
rogorc Cans, am legendaSi mocemulia argonavtebis miTSi
moxsenebuli oqros sawmisis komentari, magram es komentari
mocemulia ara dRevandeli azrovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
formiT, aramed imave suraT-xatovani saxiT, rogoriTac Tavad
argonavtebis miTia gadmocemuli.
aRniSnuli legendis SinaarsSi gasarkvevad saWiroa gavec-
noT masSi mocemuli simboloebisa da substanciebis im sulier
mniSvnelobebs, romlebic uZvelesi droidan iyo cnobili sxva-
dasxva misteriul skolaSi.
jer kidev uZvelesi egvipturi misteriebis xeldasxmuleb-
ma SesaniSnavad icodnen, rom Zalebi, romlebic varskvlavuri
samyaros wesrigs ganapirobeben, Zalebi, romlebic sferoTa
- 28 -
harmoniidan musikis saxiT iRvrebian da agreTve is Zalebic,
romlebic dedamiwaze bunebis stiqiebSi vlindebian, faqto-
brivad, erTi da imave kosmosuri sulieri Zalis gamovlinebis
sxvadasxva formas warmoadgenen.15
am sulieri Zalebis aRqma xdeboda ara mxolod varskvla-
vuri damwerlobis saxiT, aramed uSualod dedamiwis Semadgenel
elementebSi, bunebis stiqiebSi. arsebobda sruliad realuri
gancda imisa, rom mTeli kosmosis momawesrigebeli sulieri
Zalebi im substanciebSi ireklebodnen, romlebisganac dedami-
waze arsebuli xiluli samyaro Sedgeboda. am substanciur aR-
qmaSi erT-erTi mniSvnelovani adgili ekava im sulier Zalebs,
romlebic qviSaSi ireklebodnen. yvelaze ufro naTeli saxiT
am Zalebis gamovlena mTis brolSi xdeboda. Tanamedrove qimi-
idan cnobilia, rom mTis broli, kaJi da qviSa, substanciuri
TvalsazrisiT, erTi da igive nivTierebaa (siliciumis Jangi).
maTgan mTis broli gansakuTrebuli `sisufTaviT~ gamoirCeva.
sulieri TvalsazrisiTac, masSi ufro mkveTradac airekleba
igive sulieri Zalebi, romlebic sxvadasxva intensivobiT kaJsa
da qviSaSic vlindebian. roca imave Zalebis aRqma varskvlavur
konstilaciebSic xdeboda, misteriebis xeldasxmulni sulier
mzeras verZis (anu cxvris) zodiaqosken miapyrobdnen xolme.
swored verZis zodiaqo iTvleboda im Zalebis `samSoblod~,
romlebic miwier substanciaTagan qviSaSi (kaJSi, mTis brolSi)
vlindeba. bunebis sxvadasxva sferoSi am Zalebis moqmedebas
mkveTrad gansazRvruli xasiaTi aqvs. magaliTad, mcenareul
samyaroSi vegetaciuri movlenebisgan gansxvavebiT, romlebic
kiris substanciisagan momdinareobs, qviSis substancii-
dan areklili Zalebi mcenaris iseT Tvisebebs gansazRvravs,
rogoricaa misi nayofis kvebiTi Rirebuleba, yvavilebis fe-
radovneba da mcenareTa yvela is Tviseba, rac dakavSirebulia
mkurnalobasTan. mcenareebSi gamovlenili samkurnalo Tvise-
bebi swored qviSidan momdinare sulierebiTaa gansazRvruli.
qviSa (kaJi, broli), rogorc garkveuli sulieri mniSvnelo-
bis gamomsaxveli substancia, xSirad gvxvdeba uZveles xalxTa
xatovani azrovnebis iseT nimuSebSi, rogorebicaa uZvelesi
miTebi da zRaprebi. Tanamedrove mecnierebaSi aRiarebulia
is faqti, rom miTebsa da zRaprebSi moxsenebuli dasaxele-
bebi (mineralebis, mcenareebis, cxovelebis da sxva) ar aris
SemTxveviTi da yovel maTgans gansazRvruli simboluri mniS-
vneloba eniWeba. amave dros, es mniSvnelobebi, praqtikulad,
- 29 -
erTi da igivea dedamiwis yvela kuTxeSi. irlandiuri iqneba
zRapari, avstraliuri, Tu afrikuli, es mniSvnelobebi ar icv-
leba. TiTqosda kacobriobas uZveles miTosur epoqaSi erTiani
koleqtiuri azrovnebiT SeuqmniaT es xatovani saxeebi.
cnobili mkvlevari v. propi msoflios sxvadasxva xalxebis
zRaprebis ganzogadebisas amgvar mosazrebamde midis:
`brolis mTis motivis gasagebad unda gvaxsovdes, rom am
mxareSi im mizniT miemgzavrebian, raTa moipovon Zalaufleba
cxovelebze, Zalaufleba sicocxlesa da sikvdilze, avadmyo-
fobasa da gamajansaRebel Zalebze.~16
mTis brolis (zog SemTxvevaSi, kaJis) jadosnuri Tvise-
bebis gamovlenis uZvelesi Sreebi avstraliisa da amerikis
zRaprebSi moipoveba. aRniSnuli substancia xSirad gamoiyene-
boda xeldasxmis uZveles ritualebSi, magaliTad, avstraliis
aborigenul tomebSi SamanTa magiur qmedebebSi igi dRemde um-
Tavres rols asrulebs. brolis mTis motivi uaRresad xSiria
evropisa da aziis xalxTa zRaprebSic. zogierT xalxebSi igi
warmodgenilia minis mTis, zogan ki minis qviSis saxiT. qarTul
zRaprebSi xSirad gvxvdeba brolis koSkis Tema, rac imave su-
lieri mniSvnelobis ganmacxadebelia. rogorc gamokvlevebma
daadastura, brolis mTis, minis qviSis (jadosnuri qviSis),
Tu kaJis substanciebTan Zalze xSirad dakavSirebulia gve-
lis Tema. brolis mTaze cxovrobs gveli da bunebis Zalebze
Zalauflebis mopovebis unari swored misganaa mosapovebeli.
argonavtebis miTSic SemTxveviT araa moTxrobili imis Sesaxeb,
rom oqros sawmiss gveleSapi (rac sulieri TvalsazrisiT, igi-
ve gvels ganasaxierebs) darajobs.
Tu zemoT aRniSnul sulier ZalTa gamovlenas planetarul
safexurze ganvixilavT, irkveva, rom isini momdinareoben mzis-
gan da dedamiwis mimarT mzis gareT arsebuli planetebidan
(marsi, iupiteri, saturni). dedamiwaze arsebul elementTagan
mzis Zalebis yvelaze maqsimaluri gamovlineba oqroSi xdeba.
oqros mopoveba simbolurad swored mzis ZalebTan ziarebas
niSnavs. mzis RmerTis, heliosis Zis, aietis samSobloSi mzi-
ur ZalebTan ziareba, cxadia, bunebrivi movlenaa. kolxeTis
mziur misteriebSi swored oqros mopovebiT aRiniSneboda aq
mimdinare sulieri cxovrebis procesi. zemoT warmodgenili
legenda ki azustebs am sulieri cxovrebis xasiaTs — oqro
qviSis gacriT moipoveboda — oqro qviSidan gamocalkevde-
boda. qviSis substanciaSi areklil sulier ZalTa saxeobidan
- 30 -
cxvris tyaviT is Zalebi gamocalkevdeba, romelic konkre-
tulad mzidan momdinareobs. rogorc aRvniSneT, am Zalebis
pirvelwyaro varskvlavur samyaroSi verZis, anu cxvris zodi-
aqoSi igulveboda da swored amitomac miTSi saubaria cxvris
tyavze. ramdenadac es Zalebi miwier yofaSi mcenareTa sam-
kurnalo Tvisebebs gansazRvraven, cxadia, am ZalebTan ziareba
TavisTavad gulisxmobs mcenareuli samyaros Sesabamis saidum-
loebaTa codnasac. rogorc cnobilia, kolxi xeldasxmulni
swored am uRrmes saidumloebebs flobdnen. aqaa gaSenebuli
hekates baRi, sadac jadosnuri mcenareebi izrdebian. medea
imgvar mkurnaladaa warmodgenili, romlisTvisac mcenareuli
samyaros sulier ZalTa gamovlinebis xelovnebaSi araviTari
saidumlo ar arsebobs. sityva `medicinac~ xom swored medeas
saxelidan iRebs saTaves.
TavisTavad sainteresoa imis garkvevac, Tu ratomaa moce-
muli legendaSi tyavis simbolo. cxadia, amgvari simbolos Se-
motanac ar unda iyos SemTxveviTi. rogorc irkveva, tyavis sim-
bolo erTxel kidev adasturebs warmodgenil Tvalsazriss.
amjerad zemoT naxsenebi sulieri Zalebis moqmedeba gan-
vixiloT ara mcenareul, aramed cxovelur samyaroSi. kirqve-
bisgan momdinare Zalebi, romlebic mcenareebSi vegetaciur
movlenebs iwvevs, amjerad cxovelis (da aseve adamianis) Zvlo-
van sistemaSi vlindeba. cxovelisa da adamianis Zvlovani Con-
Cxi swored Sesabamisi kalciumovani procesis gamovlinebaa. es
Zalebi, TiTqos, sxeulis siRrmidan gare mimarTulebiT moq-
medeben. am procesze SeiZleba xatovnad mieniSnos, Tu warmov-
idgenT, Tu rogor SeiZleba raime wriuli zedapiris Seqmna
misi centridan periferiisaken moqmedi Zalebis meSveobiT. es
mdgomareoba, garkveulad, statikuri xasiaTisaa.
qviSis substanciidan areklili Zalebis moqmedebis xasiaTi
diametrulad gansxvavdeba kalciumovani procesebisagan. aseve
xatovnad rom gamovsaxoT, saWiroa warmovidginoT, Tu rogor
SeiZleba am wriuli zedapiris Seqmna ara centridan, aramed
wrewiris garedan, ese igi periferiebidan centrisken moqmedi
ZalebiT.
periferiebidan momdinare Zalebi TiTqos garedan mi-
iswrafvian da gars ekvrian raRac ares, romelic TandaTan
zedapirad formirdeba.
siliciumur procesebze saubrisas, element siliciumis
mxolod qimiuri naerTebi ar igulisxmeba. marTalia, sabolood
- 31 -
es procesi, garkveulad, swored amgvari naerTebis warmoqmni-
sken miiswrafvis, magram masSi aucileblad unda gaviTvaliswi-
noT Sualeduri mdgomareobebic. siliciumisaTvis damaxasi-
aTebelia mkveTri miswrafeba koloiduri xsnarebis warmoqmni-
sken. amgvari xsnarebis erT-erT niSandobliv Tvisebas Zlieri
zedapiruli daWimulobis Zalebis arseboba warmoadgens. isini
zedapirze TiTqosda `mkvriv~ afsks warmoqmnian. zedapiruli
moqmedebisaken siliciumis es miswrafeba erT-erTi naTeli
magaliTia, saerTod, siliciumuri procesisa rogorc bunebaSi,
aseve mTel kosmosSi. siliciumuri procesebi yvela gamovline-
baSi zedapiris warmoqmnisken miiswrafvian, magram es warmoqmna
xdeba ara Signidan gareT, aramed piriqiT, garedan mimarTuli
Zalebisgan. swored es formaqmnadobis procesi, romelic gare,
kosmosuri sivrceebidan qmnis zedapirs, saocrad xatovnad
gamosaxavs siliciumovan process, rac arsebobis sxvadasxva
safexurze sxvadasxva saxiT vlindeba. amgvari gamovlineba naT-
ladaa mocemuli mraval planSi, magaliTad, zRvis talRebSi,
mTebis zedapirze, mcenaris epidermaSi, adamianisa da cxovelis
kanSi, maTi organoebis zedapirze da sxva.
uSualod cxovelis, an adamianis sxeulis ganxilvisas
irkveva, rom es siliciumovani periferiuli Zalebi TandaTan
ayalibeben mis gare zedapirs, anu tyavs.
kiri qviSa
nax. 1
faqtobrivad, qviSaSi areklili sulieri Zalebi, romelTa

`samSobloc~ cxvris zodiaqoa, cxovelebSi tyavis saxiT vlin-
deba. amdenad, cxvris zodiaqodan momdinare sulier Zalebs
cxovelur samyaroSi yvelaze zustad swored cxvris tyavi
gamosaxavs. legenda am cxvris tyaviT qviSidan oqros mopove-
bis Sesaxeb xatovan enaze azustebs mis sulier mniSvnelobas.
swored qviSa warmoadgens im substancias, romelSic aRniSnuli
Zalebi ìreklebian~. mcenareul samyaroSi igive Zalebi mcena-
- 32 -
reTa samkurnalo Tvisebebs gansazRvraven. swored am Zalebis
floba ganapirobebs medeas im unarebs, romelTa wyalobiTac
igi udides mkurnalad gvevlineba.
SeiZleba SevniSnoT, rom qarTuli enisTvis damaxasiaTe-
belia, rom sityvis fuZeSi t da y bgerebis Tanwyoba xSirad
swored zedapiris, an raime Semofargluli aris warmoqmnisken
swrafvas gamosaxavs, magaliTad: tyavi, sibrtye, sartyeli,
Semortyma, tylapi da sxva.
rogorc aRiniSna, egvipturi samyarodan oqros sawmisiT
simbolizebuli misteriuli sibrZne kolxeTSi iqna gadatani-
li. ra Tqma unda, is individualobebi, romelTac am sibrZnis
gadatana daekisraT, Tavad unda yofiliyvnen am sibrZnesTan
ziarebulni da misi aTvisebis SemZleni. miTosuri gadmocemis
mixedviT, am procesSi monawileobdnen RrubelTa qalRmerT
nefeles Svilebi, da-Zma hele da friqse. friqsem SeZlo da-
kisrebuli movaleobis Sesruleba da hermesis naCuqari oqros-
matyliani cxvari kolxeTis mefes aiets gadasca. imave berZnu-
li miTebis mixedviT, SeiZleba Tvali mivadevnoT im process,
romelic mTel berZnul sulier cxovrebas gahyveba da rom-
lis mizanicaa sakuTar wiaRSi moamzados is individualobebi,
romlebic SeZleben oqros sawmisis kolxeTidan saberZneTSi
Catanas, roca es samyaro saTanadod momZlavrdeba mis misaRe-
bad. ramdenadac oqrosmatyliani cxvris tyavi simbolurad
garkveul sulier ZalebTan urTierTobas ganasaxierebs, bune-
brivia, aRniSnul gmirTa momzadebac swored am mimarTulebiT
unda warmarTuliyo.
rogorc irkveva, berZnul samyaroSi Camoyalibebuli es na-
kadic imave saTavidan moedineba, saidanac oqros sawmisi kol-
xeTSi iqna gadatanili.
RrubelTa qalRmerT nefeles heles da friqses garda kidev
hyavda Svili. es iyo kentavri qironi. qironi didad gamoirCeo-
da Tavis TanamoZme kentavrebisagan. marTalia, misi sxeulic
nawilobriv cxenisa iyo da nawilobriv adamianisa, magram mas
aTenasgan RvTaebrivi sibrZne hqonda miRebuli. berZnul mi-
TosSi qironi ganasaxierebs im Zalebs, romlebic swored bune-
bis movlenebisagan momdinareoben. xSirad igi tyis RvTaebadac
aRiqmeba. qironma icis yovelgvari saidumlo, rac mcenareuli
samyaros TvisebebTanaa dakavSirebuli. igi RvTaebrivi mkur-
nalia. aseve SesaniSnavad flobs musikalur xelovnebasac, anu
harmoniis kanonzomierebebs.
- 33 -
rogorc berZnuli miTosi iuwyeba, swored nefeles kidev
erTi Svilidan, qironidan, momdinareobs berZnuli samyaros im
nakadis momzadeba, romlis misiasac oqros sawmisis mopoveba
warmoadgens. qironi imdenad Rrmad flobda mkurnalobis xe-
lovnebas, rom TviT mkurnalTa RmerTebs — apolons da mis
Svils asklepioss aswavlida balaxTa saidumloebebs. qironi
samkurnalo balaxebis gamoyenebas aswavlida agreTve iazons.
am TvalsazrisiT, iazonic misi mowafe iyo. sainteresoa, rom
iazonis saxeli `mkurnals~ niSnavs.
qirons musikis xelovnebaSic cnobili mowafeebi hyolia.
Tavad orfeosisTvis uswavlebia qnarze dakvra. bevr sxva gmir-
Tan erTad, qironis mowafed iTvleboda aqilevsic, romelic
mas xelSi hyolia ayvanili, roca argonavtebs kolxeTisken
acilebda. aqilevsi im dros mcirewlovani iyo. argonavtebis
laSqrobisas, marTalia, mcirewlovani aqilevsi mxolod aci-
lebs argos, magram male igi gadamwyvet rols TamaSobs troas
brZolaSi, sadac sabolood gairkveva Zveli da axali kul-
turuli epoqebis urTierToba.
àrgoze~ mravlad imyofebodnen qironis saxelganTqmuli
mowafeebi: iazoni, orfeosi, herakle, polidevke, amfiaraosi
da sxva.
Tu imasac gavixsenebT, rom Tavad argonavtebis mogzau-
robac apolonuri misteriebis centridan, delfos samisnodan
iyo inspirirebuli, cxadi xdeba, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovani
roli Seusrulebia kentavr qirons im RmerTebisa da gmirebis
momzadebaSi, romlebsac kolxeTidan oqros sawmisi unda Camo-
etanaT.
rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, jer kidev uZvelesi epoqis
xeldasxmulTaTvis naTel gancdas warmoadgenda is, rom erTi
da igive sulieri Zalebi gansazRvraven, erTi mxriv, bunebis
elementebSi gamovlenil Tvisebebs da, meore mxriv, sferoTa
harmoniidan momdinare im gancdebs, romlebic amqveynad simRe-
rasa da musikalur xelovnebaSi vlindeba. ramdenadac am suli-
er ZalebTan ziareba oqros sawmisiT iyo simbolizebuli, bune-
brivia, argonavtebis miTSic unda arekliliyo es Tavisebure-
ba. marTlac, rogorc cnobilia, argonavtebs Soris yvelaze
gamoCenili gmirebi iazoni da orfeosi arian (mesame cnobili
gmiri herakle, romelic, Tavis mxriv, aseve mWidrod ukavSir-
deba kolxur misteriebs, am SemTxvevaSi argonavtebTan erTad
miemgzavreba, magram kolxeTSi ar Cadis). orive gmiri, iazonic
- 34 -
da orfeosic, swored im nakadis umTavresi warmomadgenlebi
arian, romelic Tavad berZnuli samyaros wiaRSi momzadda ken-
tavr qironis mier. maT misias oqros sawmisis mopoveba Seadgen-
da. amisTvis saWiro iyo daxelovneba, erTi mxriv, samkurnalo
xelovnebaSi, xolo, meore mxriv, musikasa da simReraSi. argo-
navtebTan dakavSirebuli zogierTi versiiT, kolxeTSi oqros
sawmisis modaraje drakoni orfeosma simReriT daaZina da am
gziT iqna mopovebuli Zvirfasi ganZi.
aqve gvinda SevniSnoT, rom igive sulieri Zalebi, rom-
lebic sferoTa harmoniasa da miwier yofaSi bunebis harmonia-
Si vlindebian, kosmosur samyaroSi varskvlavuri damwerlobis
kiTxvas gulisxmobs da simbolurad vefxvis tyaviT gamoisaxe-
ba. iazonis xeldasxmaSi es niuansic gaTvaliswinebulia. iazoni
vefxvis tyaviT Semosili gmiria.
rogorc vxedavT, berZnuli miTosi zedmiwevniT detalu-
rad iTvaliswinebs yvela im niuanss, rac oqros sawmisis su-
lieri mniSvnelobis interpretaciidan momdinareobs.
berZnul miTosSi kentavri qironi Zveli sibrZnis gansa-
xierebaa. misi àRmzdelobiTi~ saqmianoba swored axali Tao-
bisTvis Zveli sibrZnis gadacemaSi gamoixateba.
RvTaebrivi sibrZnis adamianTan dakavSirebis Tema erT-
erTi yvelaze Zvelia. igi sxvadasxva kulturaSi sxvadasxva
saxiTaa warmodgenili, magram maT aSkarad erTi saerTo safuZ-
veli aqvT. RvTaebrivi sibrZnis, anu RvTaebrivi sofiis gagebas
arc erT epoqaSi ar daukargavs aqtualoba. marTalia am Temas
SedarebiT vrclad qvemoT SevexebiT, magram gvinda kolxur
misteriebTan dakavSirebiT aqve gavakeToT ramdenime aqcenti:
sofiis, anu garkveul sulier arsebad moazrebuli RvTae-
brivi sibrZnis Sesaxeb arsebuli warmodgenebi jer kidev uZve-
lesi qaldeuri misteriebidan iRebs saTaves.
Zv. w. III aTaswleulSi adamianebi dRevandelisgan sruliad
gansxvavebulad aRiqvamdnen gare samyaros. dRis fxizeli cno-
biereba maT miTosur warmodgenaSi gamoisaxeboda rogorc àfsu~,
xolo dabindul Ramiseul cnobierebas `TiamaTs~ uwodebdnen.17
ese igi, isini Seesabamebodnen dRisa da Ramis mdgomareobas, anu,
ufro zustad, dRisa da Ramis ganmavlobaSi arsebul urTier-
Tobebs sxvadasxva rangis sulier arsebebTan. ramdenadac es su-
lieri arsebebi qmnidnen adamianis ZiriTad saarsebo garemos,
Zveli qaldevelisTvis àfsuc~ da `TiamaTic~ sruliad realur,
mravlismomcvel sulier arsebebad warmodgebodnen.
- 35 -
ramdenadac Semdgomi sakacobrio cxovreba, sulieri Tval-
sazrisiT, TandaTanobiTi dacemis gziT warimarTa, adamianebi-
sTvis es xilvebi aseve TandaTan daibinda da `TiamaTis~ wiaRSi
ufro da ufro Warbad ixilveboda sxvadasxva saxis demonuri
arsebebi, romlebic negatiuri sulieri Zalebis SemoWris gziT
vlindebodnen. maT mimarT adamianTa damokidebuleba, cxadia,
uaryofiTi iyo. am demonur arsebaTa erToblioba qaldeur
miTosSi aRiniSneboda rogorc keTili RmerTebis umTavresi
mteri — cecxlis mfrqveveli drakoni. am miTosur xilvebSi
aRniSnuli cvlilebebi aRiqmeboda rogorc `TiamaTis~ mier
drakonis dabadeba. imave miTosuri warmodgenebis mixedviT,
istoriis am krizisul periodSi arenaze gamoCnda mniSvnelo-
vani sulieri arseba èa~. èa~-m kacobriobis mxsnelad gamog-
zavna Tavisi Ze — marduqi. mZime brZolaSi marduqma daamarcxa
TiamaTis Sobili cecxlovani drakoni da misi sxeulisgan ca da
dedamiwa Seqmna.
swored es uZvelesi qaldeuri panTeonis sulieri arseba
èa~ warmoidgineboda rogorc gamoxatuleba RvTaebrivi si-
brZnisa. mogvianebiT mas ukve sofia ewoda. uZvelesi tradiciiT,
am sityvis Semadgeneli bgerebic analogiur Sinaarss afiqsire-
ben. èa~, anu ìa~ gamosaxavs yovlismomcvel sibrZnes, xolo
nawilaki `sof~ niSnavs myofobas. am gagebiT, sityva `sof-ia~
gamosaxavs yovlismomcvel, yoveliveSi gamovlenil, yovelive-
Si gamefebul sibrZnes.18
swored èa~-m, anu RvTaebrivma sibrZnem, `sofiam~ daba-
da zeciuri gmiri marduqi, romelic, Semdgomi tradiciebis
mixedviT, ukve mTavarangelozuri ierarqiis warmomadgenel
miqaelTan gaigivda. kidev ufro mogvianebiT ukve qristianul
msoflmxedvelobaSic vxvdebiT kosmosur drakonTan mebrZol
mTavarangeloz miqaels. rogorc aRvniSneT, am sulieri brZo-
lis winasaxe ukve uZveles qaldeur misteriebSia mocemuli,
sadac èa~-s Ze marduqi kosmosur drakons amarcxebs.
analogiuri suraT-xati berZnul miTosur azrovnebaSic
irekleba. aseve uZvelesi misteriebis saidumlos warmoadgenda
is Rrma Sinagani kavSiri, rac babilonelTa marduqsa da ber-
ZenTa apolons Soris arsebobda.
berZnuli miTosis mixedviT, dedamiwis RvTaeba `gea~ war-
moiSva qaosisgan. `gea~-m qalwulebrivad Sva uranosi. Semdeg
imave geasgan ibadebian titanebic. gea iyo usazRvrod brZeni
da delfoSi daaarsa salocavi, sadac moRvaweobs misi qalwuli
- 36 -
Temida. imave delfos samlocveloSi moqmedebs gveli piTo-
nic. erT-erT aspeqtSi es gveli swored sibrZnis simbolodac
gvevlineba. mTel am miTosur suraTSi xazgasmiT mieniSneba
delfos misteriebis Rrma sulieri kavSiri maradqalur saw-
yisTan. mogvianebiT apoloni amarcxebs gvel piTons da del-
foSi arsdeba apolonis sakurTxeveli. am gziT mieniSneba, rom
`gea~-dan momdinare sulieri nakadi axal safexurze vlindeba
delfos apolonur misteriaSi.
swored miqaeluri gziT vlindeba sulieri naTesaoba,
erTi mxriv, babilonur marduqsa da, meore mxriv, berZenTa
apolons Soris. es ukanasknelni ki momdinareoben babilonur
èa~-sa da berZnul `gea~-sgan. èa~-c da `gea~-c swored RvTae-
briv sibrZnes ganasaxiereben. bgeraTmetyvelebac naTlad mia-
niSnebs amgvar paralelze. faqtobrivad, babilonuri panTeo-
nis èa~-c da berZnuli miTosidan ganWvretili `gea~-c erTi da
imave sulieri arsebis, RvTaebrivi sibrZnis, anu sofiis Sesaxeb
metyveleben. orive es nakadi mianiSnebs mziuri gmiris miqaelis
movlinebas da mis brZolas kosmosur drakonTan.
Tavad Zveli kolxeTis dasaxeleba aia, zogierTi mkvlevris
azriT, swored babilonuri aia-RvTaebis saxelwodebidan mom-
dinareobs.19
aqve SeiZleba SevniSnoT, rom aRniSnuli bgeraTmetyveleba
naTlad irekleba berZnuli miTosuri TvalsazrisiT danaxul
kolxur misteriebSic.
kolxeTis Zveli dasaxelebis bgeraTa wyobac swored zemoT
moyvanili bgerebiTaa gansazRvruli (aia). kolxur samyaros
ganagebs heliosis Svili aieti. aiets colad nimfa asterodea
SeurTavs. masTan SeeZina vaJi — afsirte. Semdeg aiets meore
colic hyolia, misi saxelia idiia. masTan SeeZina ori Svili —
qalkiope da medea. rogorc vxedavT, medeas saxelis msgavsad,
aietis orive meuRlis saxelebic aRniSnuli bolosarTebiT
gamoirCeva (asterod-ea, idi-ia). am SemTxvevaSi, cxadia, wi-
naaRmdegobas ar qmnis is faqti, rom kolxeTTan dakavSire-
bul miTebSi moxsenebuli saxelebis formebi elinizebulia.
dReisTvis ucnobia, rogor JRerdnen isini kolxidas adgilob-
riv enaze.
advilad SevamCnevT, rom yvela CamoTvlili saxeli swored
ukve aRniSnuli bgeraTmetyvelebis uSualo gamoxatulebaa.
aias brZeni mefis saxeli iwarmoeba samefos dasaxelebis bo-
loSi -et nawilakis darTviT (ai-et). misi vaJis saxelsac (af-
- 37 -
sirte) pirdapiri paraleli gaaCnia Zvel qaldeur afsu-sTan,
romelic, rogorc aRiniSna, `TiamaTisgan~ gansxvavebiT moiaz-
reboda rogorc dRis cnobierebasTan dakavSirebuli sulieri
arseba. am SemTxvevaSic saxelis warmoebaSi igive bgerebi (`t~
da è~) monawileoben: afsu — afsirte. orive es sulieri arseba
mamakacuri aspeqtis mimaniSnebelia. medeas, asterodeasa da
idiias saxelebis umTavres nawilsac swored èa~-s, `reasa~ da
`gea~-saTvis damaxasiaTebeli bgerebi gansazRvraven — (med-ea,
asterod-ea, idi-ia). Tu qaldeur miTosSi TiamaTis sxeulis da-
nawevreba moxda, amjerad afsirtes sxeuli ikuweba da zRvaSi
iyreba, rasac Semdeg kvlav erTad agrovebs aieti.
warmodgenili motivebis arseboba kolxur misteriebSi
sruliad bunebrivia, radgan swored am misteriebze dafuZneb-
uli qarTveluri cnobiereba uaRresad mWidrod ukavSirdeba
warmodgenil sofiur nakadebs.
argonavtikasTan dakavSirebul kvlevebSi udavoa is faq-
ti, rom kolxidasken mimavali argonavtebi kunZul samoTra-
kias stumrobdnen. es kunZuli lemnosTan axlos mdebareobs.
lemnosze argonavtebs sakmaod xangrZlivi SeCereba mouxdaT.
berZnuli tradiciis mixedviT, kunZuli lemnosic da, gansa-
kuTrebiT, samoTrakia kabirebTan dakavSirebuli misteriebis
umTavres centrad iTvleboda. bunebrivia, argonavtebi aq ka-
birTa misteriebs eziarnen. 20
kabirTa samoTrakiuli misteriebi antikur samyaroSi erT-
erTi yvelaze cnobili sulieri skola iyo. zogjer mas sa-
berZneTis Crdilour misteriebad moixseniebdnen. maTi gavle-
na axali berZnuli sulieri cxovrebis Camoyalibebis saqmeSi
ganuzomlad didia.
berZnuli wyaroebis uwyebiT, am kunZulebis mosaxleoba
winaberZnuli kulturis warmomadgenlebi iyvnen. herodotes
cnobiT, elinebamde samoTrakiaze pelazgebi cxovrobdnen da
kabirTa kultic maT daaarses. Zvel wyaroebze dayrdnobiT,
straboni kabirebis kultis mimdevar am mosaxleobas kolxur
tomad Tvlida.
rogorc Cans, samoTrakiasa da kolxidas Soris rogorc
eTnosis, aseve sulieri cxovrebis formis TvalsazrisiT se-
riozuli siaxlove arsebobda.
TavianTi mogzaurobis garkveul monakveTSi argonavtebi
xvdebian samoTrakiis wminda kunZulze da aqaur misteriebs ezi-
arebian, magram es maTi ZiriTadi mizani ar aris. im epoqaSi oqros
- 38 -
sawmisi kolxidaSia. maSin Zveli epoqis centraluri misteriuli
centrebi swored aiaSi arsebobda da argonavtebis umTavresi
mizani swored am misteriaTa sibrZnis mopoveba iyo.
berZnuli miTosis kvlevebSi didi xania dadasturebulia,
rom homerosis òdiseaSi~ iTakasken gamgzavrebisas odisevss
TiTqmis igive gzis gavla uxdeba, rac argonavtebma aiadan sam-
Soblomde gaiares. did monakveTSi odisevsisa da argonavtebis
gavlili gzebi erTmaneTs emTxveva. am damTxvevasTan dakavSire-
biT mravali samecniero hipoTeza arsebobs, Tumca am prob-
lemis gadasawyvetad wminda istoriul-geografiuli garemoe-
bebis gamokvleva naklebad efeqturia. ufro mniSvnelovania is
sulieri Sinaarsi, rasac Sesabamisi miTebi Seicaven. orive miT-
Si mogzaurobis epizodebisgan Semdgari sqema imitom emTxveva
erTmaneTs, rom igi erTsa da imave movlenaze mianiSnebs. miTo-
sur enaze gadmocemulia kacobriobis istoria da am istoriis
fonze individualobis xeldasxmis procesi.21 miTosur enaze
gadmocemuli es istoria swored im periods moicavs, rasac
biblia adamis samoTxidan gandevnis Semdeg periodSi gvauwyebs.
adamiani Tavis xeldasxmis procesSi Sinaganad gadis kacobrio-
bis mTel gzas da xeldasxmis im safexurebs aRwevs, rasac im-
droindeli berZnuli misteriebi gulisxmobdnen.
am Temas aq ufro vrclad ar SevexebiT. mxolod SevniS-
navT, rom axlad daarsebuli berZnuli misteriebi xeldasxmis
swored im formas gulisxmobs, rac winareberZnuli kultu-
risgan memkvidreobis saxiT iqna mopovebuli. Zveli misteri-
uli sibrZnis mopovebis procesi ki, rogorc iTqva, swored
argonavtebis mogzaurobis centraluri Temaa. msgavssave pro-
cess vxvdebiT sxva berZeni gmirebis xeldasxmis aRwerebisasac.
yvela SemTxvevaSi, am gmirebs winareberZnuli kulturis im
warmomadgenlebTan uxdebaT Sexvedra, romelic Zvel kolxur
kulturas enaTesaveba.
adamianis sxeulebriv agebulebas garkveuli diferencia-
cia axasiaTebs. am sxeulebriobis sxvadasxva nawils sxvadasxva
funqcia ukavSirdeba. pirveli, es aris fizikuri sxeuli, anu
gvami, romelic mTlianad materiisganaa agebuli. sxeulebrio-
bis meore nawils warmoadgens sasicocxlo ZalTa is sistema,
romelic am gvams ganmsWvalavs da sasicocxlo procesebs gan-
sazRvravs. sxeulebriobis am meore nawils mcenareuli, anu
vegetaciuri sxeuli ewodeba. Tanamedrove terminiT igi aRniS-
nulia rogorc eTeruli sxeuli. mesame, es aris cxovelur-
- 39 -
mSvinvieri faqtorebis (grZnobebis, vnebebis, ltolvebis) ganm-
sazRvreli nawili. rodesac sxeulebriobis amgavr gradaciaze
miuTiTebda, aristotele am sxeuls `cxovelur, anu animalur
samSvinvels~ uwodebda. SemdegSi igi astralur sxeuladac
moixsenieba.
berZnul misteriebSi gansakuTrebuli aqcenti gakeTda
adamianis animaluri nawilis daxvewis problemaze. specialuri
savarjiSoebisa da gansakuTrebuli cxovrebis wesis meSveo-
biT, adamianuri samSvinvelidan ganidevneboda iseTi subieq-
turi gancdebi, rogoricaa simpaTia da antipaTia. adamianuri
samSvinveli miimarTeboda movlenaTa obieqturi, wmindad su-
lieri gancdisaken, riTac xeldasxmis mniSvnelovani safexuri
miiRweoda. adamianis amgvar gardaqmnas da samSvinvelis masTan
dakavSirebul gakeTilSobilebas berZnebi TavianTi kulturu-
li epoqisaTvis damaxasiaTebel xatovan enaze òqros sawmiss~
uwodebdnen. ese igi, òqros sawmisis~ floba ganwmendili as-
traluri sxeulis flobas gulisxmobda.
rac Seexeba amgvari sulieri safexuris miRwevis meTodebs,
cxadia, imdroindeli tradiciis Sesabamisad, isini mkacrad
gasaidumloebul skolebSi ifareboda.
berZnebis mier swored xeldasxmis es gansakuTrebuli
forma iqna aTvisebuli kolxur misteriebTan ziarebiT, rac
xatovan enaze kolxeTidan òqros sawmisis~ waRebiT iqna
gamosaxuli.
adamianis Sinagani gansulierebis es gza Taviseburad aisaxa
promeTesa da heraklesTan dakavSirebul miTosur xatebSic.
promeTes gasaTavisufleblad herakleseuli iniciaciis gza
aRmoCnda aucilebeli.
promeTes Sesaxeb arsebuli miTi ar aris berZnuli war-
moSobisa. igi jer kidev egvipturi misteriebis erT-erT cen-
tralur saidumlos gamosaxavda.
promeTes mier adamianebisaTvis cidan cecxlis Camotana
simbolurad ganasaxierebda im azrovnebiTi SesaZleblobebis
ganviTarebas, romlebic adamianuri gonebidan momdinareobs.
am TvalsazrisiT, egviptisdroindeli kacobrioba mxolod
sawyis stadiaze imyofeboda.
azrovnebiTi SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebam, marTalia,
gazarda adamianTa Tavisuflebis xarisxi, magram imave az-
rovnebam kacobrioba garkveulad mowyvita RvTaebriv samyaros
da fizikuri samyaros Semecnebisaken mimarTa. amdenad, adami-
- 40 -
ani ciuri cecxlis, anu azrovnebiTi SesaZleblobebis mopove-
bis Sedegad materiaze mijaWvuli aRmoCnda. kavkasiis qedi,
am SemTxvevaSi, materialuri samyaros simbolod gvevlineba.
SemdegSi berZnulma samyarom warmoaCina materiaze mijaWvuli
kacobriobis ganTavisuflebis gza, rac miTosur enaze herak-
les iniciaciaSi gamoixata. materiaze mijaWvulma adamianma,
romelic RvTaebriv cecxls, anu Tavis tvinidan momdinare
azrovnebiT SesaZleblobebs flobs, saWiroa Sinagani gansu-
lierebis herakleseuli gza gaiaros, raTa sakuTari suli ma-
teriis tyveobisgan ixsnas. herakle aTavisuflebs kavkasionze
mijaWvul promeTes.
Tavad sityva promeTe winaswarmetyvelur azrovnebas
niSnavs. promeTe winaswarmetyvelebis unariT TviT olimpos
gamgebel zevssac ki aRemateba. promeTe titanebis warmomad-
genelia da, amdenad, RmerTebis im Zvel Taobas ganekuTvneba,
romlebic axalma Taobam zevsis winamZRolobiT daamxo. prome-
TesTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tavisebureba imaSi gamoixateba, rom
igi am amboxebaSi axali Taobis RmerTebis mokavSired mogvev-
lina. mogvianebiT swored zevsis brZanebiT miajaWves igi kavka-
sionze. ramdenadac promeTe winaswarmetyveli iyo, man Sesani-
Snavad icoda, rom amgvari bedi eloda, magram amboxebis dros
mainc axal Taobas dauWira mxari, radgan icoda, rom es movlena
drois suliT iyo ganpirobebuli da aucileblobas warmoad-
genda. promeTem isic icoda, rom Tavis droze zevsis meufebac
daemxoboda. bolos, Tavisuflebis fasad, promeTem swored es
saidumlo gaumxila zevss. promeTes winaswarmetyveleba imaSi
mdgomareobs, rom zevss TetidasTan SeeZineba vaJi, romelic
mamaze Zlieri aRmoCndeba da mis meufebas daamxobs. saidumlos
gamxelis Semdeg zevsi uars ambobs TetidasTan kavSirze. qal-
RmerTi nelevsze gaTxovda da aqilevsi SeeZina.
rogorc aRiniSna, aqilevsic kentavrma qironma gazarda.
igive qironi gadamwyvet rols TamaSobs Tavad promeTes bedis
gansazRvraSic. promeTe swored im pirobiT ganTavisuflda
kavkasionidan, rom kentavrma qironma sakuTari ukvdaveba Ses-
wira da nebiT Cavida hadesSi.
rogorc promeTesTvis, aseve qironisa da aqilevsisTvisac
damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebaa, rom yovel maTgans, rogorc
Zvelis warmomadgenels, swored axlis mSeneblobaSi uwevs
monawileobis miReba. promeTeze ukve iTqva, rom man, miuxe-
davad imisa, rom TviTonac titani iyo, mainc zevss dauWira
- 41 -
mxari kronosisa da misi titanebis winaaRmdeg. qironic, miuxe-
davad imisa, rom kentavria da misi TanamoZmeni berZeni gmire-
bis winaaRmdeg ibrZvian, mainc swored sakacobrio evoluciis
mxares aRmoCnda da didi roli Seasrula berZeni gmirebis
aRzrdis saqmeSi. aqilevsmac, miuxedavad imisa, rom TviTon
pelazguri warmoSobisa iyo da, eTnosis TvalsazrisiT, tro-
elebs ufro enaTesaveboda, troas omSi swored maT winaaR-
mdeg ibrZola aqavelTa mxareze. axalgazrda eTnosis warmo-
madgeneli aqavelebi im periodSi jer kidev imkvidrebdnen Ta-
vianT poziciebs.
samive SemTxvevaSi saxeze gvaqvs Zveli kulturuli epo-
qidan axalSi gadasvlis problemebi. promeTec, aqilevsica da
qironic erTgvarad SemaerTebel rgols qmnian warmaval da mo-
maval epoqebs Soris. isini garkveulad upirispirdebian saku-
Tar warmaval garemos da am garemoSi gamomuSavebuli sulieri
impulsebi axal epoqaSi gadaaqvT.
rogorc vnaxeT, analogiuri SemTxvevebia kolxi qalebis
medeas, kirkesa da pasifaes asul ariadnes SemTxvevebSic. isini
toveben mSobliur garemos da axali epoqis samsaxurSi dge-
bian.
rogorc Semdgomi istoriuli procesebic adastureben,
kolxur-iberiuli samyaros es niSandoblivi funqcia, Zvel da
axal kulturul epoqebs Soris SemaerTebeli xidis warmoqm-
na, damaxasiaTebelia ara mxolod argonavtikis periodisTvis,
aramed sakacobrio civilizaciis Semdgomi sakvanZo etapebis-
Tvisac. am sakiTxs qvemoT SedarebiT vrclad SevexebiT.
- 42 -
Tavi II

georgianuli saqarTvelo
§ 1. wminda giorgis kulti

wminda giorgis Sesaxeb sakmaod vrceli masala mogvepoveba
rogorc qarTuli himnografiis, hagiografiisa da folkloris,
aseve ucxouri wyaroebisa da Sesabamisi gamokvlevebis saxiT.
saqarTveloSi wminda giorgis kulti gansakuTrebiT IX-XII
saukuneebSi gaZlierda. am procesma imdenad didi masStabebi
miiRo, rom xalxur cnobierebaSi TiTqmis macxovris rangs gau-
tolda.
swored IX-XII saukuneebSi aRiniSneba qarTuli kulturis
mkveTri aRmavloba. am dros Camoyalibebuli saxiT arse-
bobs mZlavri monarqiuli saxelmwifo Tavisi damoukidebeli
ideologiiT. ramdenadac am epoqaSi erovnuli da religiuri
idealebi gancalkevebulad ar arsebobdnen, wminda giorgis
saxe iqca erovnuli cnobierebis umTavres xatad. ZiriTadad,
swored wminda giorgisagan momdinare suliskveTeba da RvTis-
mSoblisadmi gansakuTrebuli mimarTeba kvebavda imdroindeli
saqarTvelos sulier cxovrebas.
am sakiTxis kvlevisas z. gamsaxurdiam gamoyo wminda gior-
gis suraT-xatis ori ZiriTadi saxe. igi aRniSnavs, rom èkle-
siam wina planze wamoswia wm. giorgi, rogorc mTavarmowame,
qristes saxelisaTvis Tavdadebuli da wamebuli. man gaaideala
misi amtanoba, simtkice rwmenaSi, momTmenianoba, rac magaliTi
unda yofiliyo morwmuneTaTvis. xalxurma Semoqmedebam da
saero mwerlobam ki ganaviTara saxe wm. giorgisa, rogorc gan-
maTavisuflebeli gmirisa, borotebis damTrgunveli naTlis
raindisa. WabukTa, anu moymeTa instituts ufro metad sWir-
deboda wminda giorgi, rogorc gmiri, SemmarTebeli mebrZoli,
igi iyo misi ideali da misabaZi magaliTi.~ 1
am ori ZiriTadi nakadis garda, mniSvnelovania wminda gior-
gis kidev erTi aspeqtic, kerZod, misi mimarTeba nayofierebis
qalRmerTisadmi. `Zveli indoeTi icnobs vedur RmerTs, indras,
- 43 -
elvaTmtyorcnels giganturi gvelis vritras mkvlels; babi-
loni — marduks, urCxulis mkvlels; Zveli egvipte — horuss,
apep-gvelis mkvlels; Zveli saberZneTi — apolons, delfoSi
piTonis mkvlels; iaponia — susa-no-vos, romelmac mokla dra-
koni qalwulis gadasarCenad, iseve rogorc iazonma, perseusma
da wm. giorgim. qalwulebi, romelTac Svelian da icaven mziuri
gmirebi, uadres miTologiur da religiur sistemebSi nayo-
fierebis RvTaebebia, bunebis didi dedis, mdedrobiTi RvTa-
ebis sxvadasxva aspeqti. isini ganasaxiereben agreTve animas,
adamianis samSvinvels. drakoni, gveli, astraluri aspeqtiT,
gansaxierebaa kosmosuri bnelisa, romelsac ebrZvis mze, xolo
sulieri aspeqtiT borotebisa, romelsac amarcxebs mziuri
RvTaeba — gmiri...
wm. giorgi xSirad gamosaxulia naTesebis mcvelad. esec
miuTiTebs am saxis kavSirs antikuri epoqis mziur gmirebTan,
romelnic, rogorc wesi, nayofierebis RvTaebaTa mcvelni ari-
an. magaliTad, rama, indoeTis mziuri gmiri, mcvelia sitasi,
romlis saxelic sanskritSi niSnavs xnuls, naTess, rac gansaz-
Rvravs mas rogorc nayofierebis RvTaebas~.2
drakonis dammarcxebeli mziuri gmiris saxe TiTqmis yvela
uZvelesi xalxis mistikur warmodgenebSi gvxvdeba. cxadia, es
ar niSnavs, rom maT Soris sxvaoba mxolod saxelebSia. yoveli
maTgani xazgasmulad sakuTari kulturisa da epoqis niSnebis
matarebelia.
indoelTa indra da rama, babiloneli marduqi, egvipteli
horusi, iaponelTa susa-no-vo da sxva mziuri gmirebi, zogad
planSi, marTlac, SeiZleba davukavSiroT qristiani mowame
raindis, drakonis mkvleli wminda giorgis saxes, magram, Tu
mainc ufro Rrmad CaveZiebiT wminda giorgis uSualo arqeti-
pis raobas, irkveva, rom amgvari miTosuri saxe marTlac ar-
sebobs. wminda giorgis, rogorc qristiani mowamis saxe, ber-
Znulma samyarom Seqmna da, albaT, bunebrivicaa, rom misi miTo-
suri arqetipic swored berZnuli samyarodan momdinareobdes.
qristianul msoflmxedvelobaSi, praqtikulad, SeuZlebelia
sworad iqnas gacnobierebuli wminda giorgis fenomenis mniS-
vneloba, Tuki manamde ar gaviazrebT misi uSualo winamorbedis,
berZnuli miTosis mziuri gmiris — apolonis suraT-xats.
wminda giorgis cxovrebis amsaxvel im teqstebSi, rom-
lebic qristianuli eklesiis farglebSi kanonikurad iTvle-
ba, sruliad garkveviT SeimCneva erTi mniSvnelovani motivi.
- 44 -
gamokveTilia tendencia imisa, rom wminda giorgi berZnuli
warmarTuli panTeonidan yvelaze metad apolonTanaa da-
pirispirebuli. wminda giorgi qristianuli aRmsareblobis
damkvidrebas pirvel rigSi, swored apolonis kultis adgi-
las cdilobs. mefe diokletiane, romelic istoriul planSi
wminda giorgisTan dapirispirebuli umTavresi Zalaa, gansa-
kuTrebulad swored apolonis Tayvanismcemelia. wminda gior-
gis mowameobrivi aRsasrulic apolonis kerpTan urTierTobis
garkvevas ukavSirdeba. wminda giorgi WeSmariti RmerTis Zalas
apolonis taZarSi uCvenebs diokletianes — qristes ZaliT am-
sxvrevs apolonis kerps.3
apolonis kerpis msxvrevas mosdevs mniSvnelovani movlena:
dedofalma irwmuna qriste da wminda giorgis rjulze moeq-
ca. ganrisxebuli diokletiane wminda giorgis da dedofals
sikvdils miusjis. wmindanisadmi wayenebuli braldeba amgvar-
ad JRers: `rameTu ara Tayuanisca man apolons, aramed Seac-
Tuna dedofali~.
erT-erTi centraluri qmedeba, rasac berZnuli miTosi
apolons ukavSirebs, aris misi brZola drakonTan. kastilis
mindorze apoloni oqros isrebs uSens drakons, anu piTons.
Semdeg am adgilas aSeneben apolonis taZars. aq qadagebs piTia,
anu taZris qurumi qali, romelic winaswarmetyvelebs yovel-
gvari mniSvnelovani movlenis Sesaxeb. berZenTa warmodgeniT,
piTias piriT Tavad apoloni metyvelebs. ase daarsda delfos
misteria, romelmac udidesi roli Seasrula berZnuli reli-
giuri azrovnebis formirebaSi.
apoloni, rogorc berZenTa erT-erTi umTavresi RvTaeba,
ufro metad cnobilia Tavisi miTosuri saburveliT, magram
gacilebiT mniSvnelovania misi gancda am saburvelis gareSe,
Tavad misteriaSi mocemuli TvalTaxedviT.
berZnuli misteriebis xeldasxmulni swored apolonSi
Wvretdnen qristes winasaxes. vidre qriste ieso nazarevelSi
gankacdeboda da yoveli adamianisaTvis xiluli saxiT gacxad-
deboda, misi gancda mxolod misteriebis idumal siRrmeebSi
xerxdeboda. rac Seexeba apolonisagan drakonis damarcxebas,
esec maRali sulieri rangis movlenis suraT-xats warmoad-
gens. igi erTgvari proeqciuli saxea im sruliad konkretuli
movlenisa, rac qristes gankacebamde didi xniT adre aResru-
la.4
misteriebis xeldasxmulni naTelxilvebSi Wvretdnen mov-
- 45 -
lenas, romelsac jer kidev warRvnis wina periodSi hqonda
adgili. am dros adamianTa yofaSi mkveTri disharmonia war-
moiSva. is mSvinvieri Zalebi, romlebic adamianur arsebaSi az-
rovnebis, grZnobisa da nebelobis procesebs gansazRvraven,
urTierTmimarTebaSi qaosur mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndnen. adami-
anis samSvinvelSi es qaosuri Zalebi Semotanil iqna negatiuri
sulieri Zalebis, satanuri da eSmauri arsebebis (sxvanairad
rom vTqvaT, arimanuli da luciferuli arsebebis) mier. kacob-
riobis istoria uTuod tragikuli gziT ganviTardeboda, mas
rom umaRlesi sulieri ierarqiebidan mxsneli ar movlenoda.
swored qristes impulsi aRmoCnda is sulieri Zala, romelmac
SeZlo am negatiuri Zalebis paralizeba, rasac Sedegad ada-
mianuri mSvinvieri Tvisebebis gawonasworeba, darRveuli har-
moniis aRdgena mohyva. qristes brZola xsenebul negatiur ar-
sebebTan misteriebSi aRiqmeboda rogorc brZola drakonTan.
kosmiuri drakoni damarcxebul iqna da igi ganidevna adamianis
samSvinvelidan. TavisTavad iseTi gamoTqma, rogoricaa dra-
konis mokvla, Zalze pirobiTia, radgan igi miwieri asociacie-
bidan momdinareobs. sinamdvileSi, cxadia, drakoni sulieri
arsebaa da igi ar kvdeba — Sesustebuli ZaliT, magram mainc
agrZelebs adamianebze zemoqmedebas. amjerad es zemoqmede-
ba gawonasworebuli iyo qristes impulsiT. sxvanairad rom
vTqvaT, drakoni moTvinierebul iqna. imis nacvlad, rom mas
adamianis samSvinvelSi qaosi da uwesrigoba gamoewvia, misi moq-
medeba ganimsWvala qristes impulsiT da am moqmedebis Sedege-
bi ukve mJRavndeba im grandiozuli aRmoCenebis sferoSi, rac
warRvnisSemdgom epoqaSi ganxorcielda. am SemTxvevaSi, qriste
mkurnalad moevlina kacobriobas.
amgvari Wvretis Sedegebi arsebobda mxolod misteriebSi,
xolo Cveulebriv sakulto cnobierebaSi igi miTosuri suraT-
xatebis saxiT gadmoicemoda. berZnuli kultura sulier sam-
yaroSi mimdinare movlenebs planetarul safexurze Wvretda.
amitomac iyo, rom maTi RmerTebi swored planetarul sulier
Zalebs ganasaxierebdnen. faqtobrivad, es iyo uzenaesi su-
lieri arsebis gacxadeba planetaruli sulebis doneze, rasac
egzoterul gadmocemebSi erqmeoda Sesabamisi saxelebi: zevsi,
afrodite, aresi, artemide, kronosi da sxva.
im sulier arsebas, romelsac berZnuli samyaro zemoT
gadmocemul qmedebas miawerda, ese igi, adamianur samSvinvel-
Si drakonis damarcxebas, egzoterulad apoloni ewodeboda.
- 46 -
apoloni iyo is mziuri RmerTi, romelic dacemis umZimes pe-
riodSi mTel kacobriobas mkurnalad moevlina.
mSvinvier ZalTa urTierTmowesrigeba, Tavis mxriv, fizi-
kur organoTa mowesrigebasac gulisxmobs. amitomac, swored
apoloni iTvleboda zeciur mkurnalad da, saerTod, yvela
mkurnalTa mfarvel RmerTad. igive mfarveloba ufro dabal
sulier safexurze miewereba asklepioss, romelic, Tavis mxriv,
apolonis Svilia. ese igi, isic apolonisgan momdinareobs.
ramdenadac mziuri RmerTis kosmosuri qmedeba dakavSire-
buli iyo mSvinvieri Zalebis harmoniaSi moyvanasTan, swored
igive apoloni iTvleboda muzebis mfarveladac. ZiriTadad,
igi iTvleba simRerisa da musikaluri xelovnebis mfarvelad.
harmoniis is saxe, romelic simRerasa da simebian sakravebSi
vlindeba, berZnul warmodgenaSi iyo anarekli im mSvinvieri
harmoniisa, rac dakavSirebuli iyo azrovnebis, grZnobisa da
nebelobis urTierTmowesrigebasTan. amgvari harmoniis suli-
er planSi damkvidreba ki swored apolons miewereboda.
delfos misteriebis xeldasxmulni naTlad Wvretdnen, Tu
rogor cxovrobs drakonis suli kastilis napralebidan amo-
maval orTqlSi. mas isrebs uSens mziuri apoloni. drakonis
(piTonis) damarcxebis adgilas aRmarTulia taZari, sadac qa-
dagebs delfos qurumi piTia. igi sulier impulsebs iRebs imave
orTqlidan moqmedi drakonisagan, magram amjerad es demonuri
orTqli ganmsWvalulia Tavad apolonis impulsiT. napralebi-
dan amomaval orTqlSi, an sxvanairad, drakonis sisxlSi, Tavad
apoloni moqmedebs. piTias winaswarmetyveleba mTlianad am in-
spiraciidan momdinareobs.
apoloni dedamiwaze arasodes gansxeulebula. misi yve-
la moqmedeba wminda zegrZnobad sferos ganekuTvneba. Zveli
welTaRricxvis IX saukunidan berZnuli samyaro ukve miTo-
sur formaSi gamosaxavs im kosmosuri rangis movlenas, rac
jer kidev warRvnis wina epoqaSi moxda da romelic mTel war-
RvnisSemdgom periodSi irekleba. drakonTan brZola, cxadia,
erTjeradi aqti araa da rogorc yoveldRiuri procesi, ise
ganicdeba berZnul samyaroSi.
mas Semdeg, rac macxovris gankaceba miwier planSi aResru-
la, berZen sulier moRvaweTaTvis did sirTules aRar war-
moadgenda wminda giorgis aseve miwier planSi aRsrulebuli
qmedebani TavianTi misteriuli Wvretis SedegebTan daekav-
SirebinaT.
- 47 -
wminda giorgi amarcxebs drakons da am adgilas aRimarTe-
ba taZari. Tu delfoSi miwidan amodis orTqli da Semdeg igi
iqceva apolonuri kurnebis Zalad, am SemTxvevaSic analogiuri
suraT-xati meordeba.
`viTarca ganasrules taZari igi, movida wminda giorgi
da aCuena sxua sakvirveleba, rameTu Sevida taZarsa mas Sina
sakurTxevelsa eklesiisasa da aRmoacena wyali kurnebaTa.
da ars igi vidre aqamomde sakurnebelad morwmuneTa qristes
RmrTisa Cuenisa.~5
wminda giorgis troparSic xazgasmiT mieniSneba misi kav-
Siri mkurnalobasTan (`sneulTa mkurnalo da mefeTa uZlevelo
winambrZolo . . . “).
ramdenadac rogorc apolonis, aseve wminda giorgis mier
ganxorcielebuli sulieri rangis qmedebani uSualod qristes
Zalebis gancxadebas warmoadgens, aqve SeiZleba gavixsenoT,
rom macxovris saxeli iesoc swored `mkurnals~ niSnavs.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, met-naklebi analogia moiZebne-
ba sxvadasxva uZvelesi xalxis miTosuri mziuri gmirebis brZo-
lasTanac drakonebTan, gvelebTan, veSapebTan, devebTan da a.S.
yvela am SemTxvevebSi is qalwulebi, romlebsac icaven mziuri
gmirebi, warmoadgenen mdedrobiTi RvTaebis sxvadasxva aspeqts
da amdenad gvevlinebian rogorc nayofierebis RvTaebebi.
aqve gvinda SevniSnoT, rom sxvadasxva religiur Tu miste-
riul warmodgenaSi ara mxolod kosmosur qalur sawyiss gaaCnia
sxvadasxva aspeqti, aramed Tavad am sawyisTan dapirispirebu-
li negatiuri arsebis saxec mravalplaniania. amjerad gvinda
drakonTa am mravalsaxeobidan swored is drakoni `gamovyoT~,
romelsac upirispirdeba qristianobis miqaeluri raindi —
wminda giorgi. es negatiuri Zala rom qalur sawyisTanaa da-
pirispirebuli, amaze sityvas aRar gavagrZelebT. amjerad ga-
varkvioT, Tu ra formaSi mJRavndeba es dapirispireba.
Tvali gadavavloT im samyaros sulier tendenciebs, rom-
lis farglebSic gavrcelda da ganviTarda qristianuli mso-
flmxedveloba.
berZnulma miTosurma azrovnebam adamianuri Semecnebi-
saTvis Zalze axlobeli gaxada adamianuri saxiT movlenili
RmerTis idea. berZnuli panTeonis RmerTebi TavianTi niSan-
TvisebebiT Zalze dauaxlovdnen adamianur saxeebs. amgvari
momzadebis Semdeg palestinaSi gankacebuli macxovris aRqma,
TiTqosda, berZenTa religiur cnobierebaSi mimdinare proce-
- 48 -
sis gagrZelebas warmoadgenda.
macxovris gankacebis winare saukuneebi miTosuri warmod-
genebis mkveTri degradaciiT aRiniSna. erTmaneTis miyolebiT
daecnen umTavresi misteriuli centrebi, saidanac berZnuli
miTosuri samyaro ikvebeboda. samagierod, imave arealSi da-
sabami mieca da saukuneTa manZilze srulyofis saocar simaR-
les miaRwia filosofiurma azrovnebam. ioniidan wamosuli az-
rovnebis formebi swrafad gavrcelda mTel berZnul samyaro-
Si, vidre bolos platonisa da aristoteles umniSvnelovanesi
filosofiuri sistemebiT ar dagvirgvinda.
aseve ioniaSi, daaxloebiT imave periodSi, aRmocenda
filosofiisagan diametrulad gansxvavebuli nakadi — sibi-
lizmi. Tu filosofia, umTavresad, adamianis mowesrigebul
azrovnebas efuZneba, sibilizmisaTvis niSandoblivi swored
isaa, rom igi momdinareobs adamianis samSvinvelis uaRresad
qaosuri mdgomareobidan. eqstazur mdgomareobaSi myofi si-
bilebi sxvadasxva xalxisa da qveynis beds winaswarmetyveleben.
filosofosTa naTeli, mwyobri azrovnebidan momdinare ideeb-
isa da cnebebis gverdiT gaismis sibilebis mSvinvieri qaosidan
dabadebuli winaswarmetyvelebani. zogjer am qaosidan gamo-
anaTebs xolme saocari sulierebiT aRvsili gamonaTqvamebi,
romlebic Rrma kvals tovebs Sesabamisi kulturis cxovrebaSi.
dReisTvis Znelic kia warmodgena, Tu ramdenad grandiozu-
li gavlena moaxdina sibilizmma berZnul-romaul samyaroze.
sibilebis wigni winareqristianul epoqaSi berZnul-romauli
samyaros erT-erT umniSvnelovanes orientirs warmoadgenda.
am epoqis poeturi qmnilebebic saocari sisruliT ireklaven
sibilizmis zemoqmedebas.
sainteresoa, ra sulier mimdinareobas warmoadgens, Tavis
mxriv, sibilizmi? ra fesvebze amoizarda igi berZnul kul-
turaSi?
zemoT Cven zogad planSi aRvniSneT, rom Zveli welTaR-
ricxvis pirvel aTaswleulSi mkveTri cvlilebebi moxda kaco-
briobis cnobierebis sferoSi. adamianis aracnobieri naTel-
xilviTi unari, romelic manamdeli kulturebisaTvis umTavres
gzas warmoadgenda sulier samyarosTan urTierTobaSi, dace-
mis krizisul zRvars miuaxlovda. sulieri samyaro mkveTrad
daibinda. samagierod, sul ufro da ufro maRal safexurebs
aRwevda adamianis cnobierebis is formebi, romlebic sakuTari
`me~-s gancdas ukavSirdeboda. TandaTan Camoyalibda azrovne-
- 49 -
bis mwyobri sistema, romelic samyaros sakuTari `me~-dan gan-
Wvretda. naTelxilvis aracnobieri forma sruliad marTl-
zomier movlenas warmoadgenda berZnul-romauli kulturis
wina periodebSi. qaldeveli, an egvipteli qurumebisTvis igi
umTavresi wyaro iyo samyaros varskvlavuri damwerlobis
kiTxvisaTvis. ufro Zveli kulturebic swored amgvar na-
TelxilviT unars efuZneboda. maSin igi dadebiT tendencias
qmnida da ganviTarebis umTavresi mamoZravebeli impulsebic
am gziT moipoveboda. berZnul-romaul kulturaSi naTel-
xilvis am formam ukve amowura Tavisi SesaZleblobebi. ram-
denadac sulieri samyaro aRar aRiqmoda ise naTlad, rogorc
manamdel kulturebSi, amgvarma aracnobierma naTelxilvam
TandaTan qaosurobis elementebi SeiZina. dabinduli sulieri
xedviT mopovebuli impulsebi damaxinjebis Zalze did do-
zas Seicavda. swored naTelxilvis amgvar aracnobier, qaosur
formas efuZneboda ioniaSi aRmocenebuli sibilizmi. garkveu-
lad, warsulSi mopovebuli safuZvlebis xarjze, igi swrafad
gavrcelda berZnul da Semdeg romaul samyaroSi. miuxedavad
imisa, rom igi ukve adamianuri cnobierebis atavistur for-
mas warmoadgenda, mainc udidesi gavlena moipova imdroindel
mowinave samyaroSi.
sibilizms kacobrioba qaosuri azrovnebis gziT mihyavda
da es movlena, uTuod, grandiozul masStabebs miiRebda, rom
mas, erTi mxriv, berZnuli filosofiuri azrovneba da, meore
mxriv, Zveli ebrauli samyaro ar dapirispireboda.6 berZeni
filosofosebisa da ebraeli winaswarmetyvelebis umTavresi
Zalisxmeva swored sibiluri cnobierebis sapirispirod iyo mi-
marTuli. dapirispirebis am procesma Tavis kulminacias mac-
xovris gankacebis Jams miaRwia. swored golgoTis movlenis
Semdeg, roca qristes impulsi mTel miwier arsebaSi CaiRvara,
am RvTaebrivi Zalis zemoqmedebiT paralizebul iqna is Za-
lebi, saidanac sibilebis inspiracia momdinareobda.
am SemTxvevaSi, saubaria ara qristianul msoflmxedveloba-
ze, anda imaze, Tu rogor esmodaT adamianebs qristianuli
moZRvreba, aramed Tavad sulier planSi ganxorcielebul mov-
lenaze, romelsac golgoTis Semdeg hqonda adgili — qristes
brZolaze sibilur ZalebTan.
jer kidev uZveles misteriebSi naTeli iyo, rom am Zalebis
moqmedeba momdinareobda im elementebisagan, romlebisganac
mTeli miwieri samyaro Sedgeboda. uZveles sulier warmodge-
- 50 -
nebSive arsebobda xedva imisa, rom sulieri ierarqiebidan mom-
dinare impulsebi adamians, erTi mxriv, gadaecema am ierarqiebis
uSualo zemoqmedebiT, xolo, meore mxriv, aseve mZlavri zemo-
qmedebis Zala gaaCnia am Zalebis ànarekls~ miwier stiqiebSi.
miwis, wylis, haerisa da cecxlis stiqiebidan ìRvrebian~ ele-
mentaruli sulebi, romlebic adamianTa qmedebebis did nawils
gansazRvraven. Tu am ZalTa gamovlineba egviptur-qaldeur da
ufro Zvel periodSi erTgvarad mowesrigebuli, harmoniuli
xasiaTiT gvevlineboda, berZnul-romaul samyaroSi igi, ukve
atavisturi xasiaTis gamo, ufro metad sulieri uwesrigobisa
da qaosis safuZveli gaxda. sibilebis inspiracia swored am
elementaruli sulieri Zalebisagan momdinareobda. xalxur
cnobierebaSi isini aRiqmebian rogorc sxvadasxva saxis demone-
bi, mdinaris, xevis, tyis, wvimisa da sxvaTa sulebi. am qaosur
moCvenebebSi sruliad iCqmaleba is realuri sulieri saxee-
bic, rac am elementarul sulebs realurad aqvT. marTalia,
qristes impulsis zemoqmedebiT maTi moqmedeba mniSvnelovnad
ganeitralebulia, magram, rogorc sulieri realoba, isini
mainc agrZeleben arsebobas da adamianebze zemoqmedebas.
miwier elementarul samyaroSi xSirad Tavis negatiur
aspeqtSi vlindebian demonuri Zalebic. swored am samyaroSi
pouloben adgils is luciferuli da arimanuli arsebebi,
romlebic am arxebiT eZeben gzas adamianis samSvinvelisaken.
simbolurad swored am saxiT warmodgenil negatiur sulier
arsebas ganasaxierebs is drakoni, romelsac oqros isrebs uS-
ens apoloni. imave drakons amarcxebs wminda giorgic. dedami-
wis elementaruli sulebidan, kastilis napralebidan amomaval
orTqlSi cocxlobs drakoni, romelsac imorCilebs apoloni.
igi Tavisi arsebiT elementebisagan momdinare impulsebs uer-
Tdeba da pozitiur Zalebad gardaqmnis maT. mxolod qaosurad
moqmedi elementaruli Zalebis mowesrigebis Semdeg ismenen
adamianebi delfos orakulis qadagebas. misi winaswarmetyvele-
ba, marTalia, elementebisagan sazrdoobs, magram es sulieri
nakadi mowesrigebulia apolonuri impulsiT. kosmosuri har-
moniis meufes wesrigi Seaqvs sibilur qaosSi. igi mkurnalad
evlineba disharmoniul cnobierebas.
qristianuli TvalTaxedviT, imave misiis aRmasrulebe-
lia wminda giorgic. swored amitomac ikavebs wminda giorgis
kulti apolonis damsxvreuli kerpis adgils.
movlena, romelmac berZnul miTosur azrovnebaSi apo-
- 51 -
lonis saxe dabada, SeumCneveli arc sxva xalxebis miTosuri
TvalTaxedvisaTvis darCenila. miwieri samyaro, romelic
fizikur planSi yovelgvari nayofierebis safuZvelia, uSua-
lod ukavSirdeba maradqalur kosmosur aspeqts da simbolu-
rad gansaxierebulia qalwuliT. qalwuls Tavs esxmis drakoni.
miwier elementebSi gacxadebul sulierebaSi negatiur ZalTa
zemoqmedebiT qaosi da uwesrigoba gabatondeba. qalwuls dra-
konisagan STanTqma emuqreba. swored am dros miwieri nayofi-
erebis qalRmerTs mxsnelad mziuri gmiri evlineba.
berZnuli azrovneba apolons ar ukavSirebs uSualod fizi-
kuri mzis mimoqcevas cis TaRze. mzis moZraobasa da qmedebas
gansazRvravs heliosi, xolo apoloni is RvTaebaa, romelic
mzis sxivebis moqmedebaSi cxaddeba. apoloni cxovrobs mzis
im sxivebSi, romlebic miwier elementebSi iRvreba. swored am
gziT xorcieldeba is gamawonasworebeli moqmedeba, rasac mzi-
uri RvTaeba miwier elementebTan dakavSirebul sulier Zale-
bze axdens.
rogorc Cans, wminda giorgis qristianul kults war-
marTul saqarTveloSi Zalze myari winapirobebi daxvda. garda
TeTri giorgis kultisa, TiTqmis mTel saqarTveloSi Zalze
gavrcelebuli iyo barbares kulti. barbaroba Zveli saqar-
Tvelos erT-erT centralur dResaswauls warmoadgenda.
miuxedavad imisa, rom qristianul epoqaSi warmarTuli
barbarobis ritualebma met-naklebad qristianuli elemen-
tebic SeiZina, saqarTvelos zogierT regionSi, gansakuTrebiT
svaneTSi, igi mainc Zveli formiT SenarCunda. droTa ganmav-
lobaSi eklesiam warmarTuli barbaroba qristianuli barbaro-
biT Caanacvla. am SemTxvevaSi aRiniSneba wminda barbares dRe.
wminda barbares zogierTi aspeqti warmarTul barbarobas See-
sabameba kidec — magaliTad, mkurnalobis funqcia.
warmarTuli barbare RvTaebrivi mkurnalia. mas ukavSir-
deba saymawvilo saxadebi. yvavilis, qunTruSas, yivanaxvelas,
wiTelasa da sxva batonebis dedad swored barbare iTvleba.
aseve barbares miewereboda yvela im daavadebaTa gamgebloba,
romelic Tvalsa da, saerTod, mxedvelobas ukavSirdeba.
TiTqmis yvela Zvel qarTvelur tomSi barbare warmodge-
nilia rogorc nayofierebisa da gamravlebis RvTaeba.7
barbarobis erT-erTi dResaswauli svaneTSi yvelieris wina
paraskevs (`barbol~) sruldeboda msxvilfexa saqonlis nayo-
fierebis TxovniT. specialuri ritualebi imarTeboda axali
- 52 -
mosavlis uzrunvelyofis Sesavedreblad.
barbares kultSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania misi ko-
smosuri aspeqti. Zveli religiuri warmodgenebiT, RvTaeba
barbare mzis moqcevas ukavSirdeba. kalendarulad barbaroba
zamTris mzebudobis wina dReebSi aRiniSneboda. igi TiTqos
mzis dabadebas amzadebda.
eTnografiuli masalebis mixedviT, mzisa da mTvaris dab-
neleba zeciuri gveleSapis mizeziT xdeba. gveleSapi am mna-
TobTa mteria. cargvalze mudmivad maT sdevnis da STanTqmas
upirebs. STanTqmisas xdeba mnaTobTa dabneleba.
barbares kulti grandiozul kosmosur suraT-xats war-
mogvidgens: kosmosuri gveleSapi mTvares sdevnis, eweva da
STanTqavs. am dros mze-barbare mzis sxivebis saxiT isrebs uS-
ens gveleSaps, mas mucels ufatravs da mTvares anTavisuf-
lebs.
zogjer gveleSapi mzis STanTqmasac axerxebs. mze bnelde-
ba, qveynierebas wyvdiadi moicavs. mze axerxebs da gveleSapis
mucels Signidan fatravs. mze Tavisufldeba da qveyniereba
isev naTdeba.
Zvel saqarTveloSi am kosmosuri motivis popularoba
naTlad Cans `vefxistyaosanSi.~ poeti sxvadasxva adgilas ram-
denjerme iyenebs am suraT-xats:
`mze veSapsa daebnela, zeda radmca gagviTenda.~

.....
`darCa mTvare gavsebuli, gvelisagan CaunTqmeli.~
.....
`ra sabraloa gavsili mTvare, CanTqmuli gvelisa.~
.....
`naxes, mzisa Sesayrelad gamoeSva mTvare gvelsa.~
.....
rogorc irkveva, RvTaeba barbare, erTi mxriv, mze-mTvaris
kosmosur aspeqtTanaa dakavSirebuli da, meore mxriv, adami-
anis mxedvelobis (Tvalis) mkurnalicaa. uZvelesi drois mis-
tikur moZRvrebebSi naTladaa mocemuli, rom mzisa da mTvaris
sulieri Zalebi swored adamianis TvalebTanaa dakavSirebu-
li. Zveli xalxebi mzes da savse mTvares, maTi TvisebebiTa da
garegani formiT, adamianis Tvals adarebdnen.8 am Tvalsaz-
risiT, qarTuli enobrivi Sesatyvisebic arsebobs. magaliTad,
sityva `mze~-s da `mzera~-s saerTo fuZe aqvT.9
- 53 -
niko marma aseTive paraleli gaatara sityva `mTvaresa~ da
`Tvals~ Sorisac10:
mTvare — Tovare — Toval
qarTul eTnografiul wyaroebSi da, saerTod, qarTul

zepirsityvierebaSi mzisa da mTvaris TvalTan Sedareba-dam-
sgavsebis magaliTebi mravladaa (`mzis Tvali~, yurZnis mte-
vanSi Tvalis Sesvla, `TvalT dabneleba~ da sxva).
qarTul mistikur warmodgenaSi mziuri RvTaeba barba-
re (barbale) mdedrobiTi aspeqtiT xasiaTdeba. mcire aziis
uZvelesi mosaxleobis panTeonSi mzis RvTaebebi umTavresad
mdedrobiTi arsebani yofilan. rogorc Cans, SemdgomSi es mi-
marTeba Secvlila da mzis RvTaeba ukve mamrobiTi saxiT war-
moidgineboda. yvela is miTosuri Tu religiuri warmodgena,
romelic mzis mdedrobiT aspeqts gulisxmobs, uZvelesi reli-
giuri Sreebidanaa SemorCenili. qarTuli barbaroba swored im
uZvelesi kulturuli fenis nawilad unda vigulisxmoT.
sainteresoa, rom Sumeruli mzis RvTaebis dasaxelebac
igive fuZidan momdinareobs — bab bari. gansxvaveba isaa, rom
igi mamrobiTi aspeqtiT xasiaTdeba. Tumca, arsebobs varaudi,
rom Zvelad isic mdedrobiTi sqesis iyo da es cvlileba droTa
ganmavlobaSi moxda.
igive fuZiani dasaxelebis mziuri gmiri, romelic drakons
amarcxebs, maldivis kunZulebzec ki arsebobs. iqauri gad-
mocemis mixedviT, ber-berma qalwulis gadasarCenad drakoni
daamarcxa.
es istoria Zalian hgavs wminda giorgis istorias. kun-
Zulze yovel TveSi zRvidan modioda boroti suli (jini).
mcxovreblebi saswrafod rTavdnen erT-erT qalwuls da RamiT
zRvis piras taZarSi tovebdnen. diliT gogona mkvdari xvde-
bodaT. kunZulis mcxovreblebi Sesawir gogonas kenWisyriT
irCevdnen xolme.
drakonis erT-erTi msxverpli erTi keTilSobili qalwuli
aRmoCnda. mis dasacavad gaemarTa ber-beri, romelmac drakoni
zRvaSi gandevna.11
Seswavlilia, rom analogiuri siuJeti iaponiidan skandi-
naviamde msoflios TiTqmis yvela xalxis miTebSi gvxvdeba.
ganxilul SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovania, rom drakonis dam-
marcxebeli gmiris saxelis fuZe (ber-ber) igivea, rac qarTuli
- 54 -
barbares, anda Suamdinaruli babbarisa.
jer kidev niko mari SeniSnavda, rom fuZe `bar~ mzis aRm-
niSvnelia.12
igive fuZes analogiuri mniSvneloba aqvs kavkasiis sxva
xalxebSic.
`bar~ da misi bgeriTi Sesatyvisobis kanonzomieri formebi
varskvlavs (da SesaZloa, agreTve, mzes) qarTul da qarTvelur
saxelwodebebSi da mzis, mTvaris da Tvalis kavkasiur saxel-
wodebebi ZiriTadad mnaTobTa saerTo Tvisebis — naTebis, sxi-
vosnobis, elvarebis cnebis aRmniSvnelia.13
analogiuri Sinaarsi SeiZleba SevniSnoT iseT qarTul si-
tyvaSi, rogoricaa bari. bari, rogorc sameurneo iaraRi, miwis
damuSavebas gulisxmobs. igi TiTqosda mzis sxivis moZraobas
imeorebs, roca vertikalurad zevidan qveviT miwaSi iWreba
da masSi `borot~ sarevelebs spobs, miwas sarevelebisagan
anTavisuflebs. dabarul, gafxvierebul niadagSi igi swored
mzis sxivebsa da haeris nakads uxsnis gzas. barbarec xom
swored miwis damuSavebasa da mosavlis mowevasTan dakavSire-
buli RvTaebaa. amave dros, isic mzis sxivebis ZalaSi cxaddeba.
analogiuri suraT-xati apolonur misteriaSic msgavsi
saxiT iyo mocemuli. mzis sxivebi miwis wiaRSi iWreboda da mi-
wis wiaRidan momdinare negatiur Zalebs akeTilSobilebda.
aRniSnuli kultebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli aspeqtebi sao-
cari siRrmiT aisaxa wminda giorgis qristianul kultSi.
mas Semdeg, rac qarTul cnobierebaSi gansakuTrebul ad-
gils ikavebs wminda giorgis xati, igi qarTuli miTosuri sam-
yaros umTavres gmirad iqceva. sityva miTosic amjerad Zalze
pirobiTia, radgan wminda giorgis es saxe Tavisi SinaarsiT
qristianulia.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, apolons sruliad gansakuTreb-
uli damokidebuleba aqvs nayofierebis RvTaebasTan. erTi
mxriv, igi gardaqmnis miwier elementTa moqmedebas, xolo, meo-
re mxriv, makrokosmosur aspeqtSi igi uaxloes urTierTobaSia
yovelgvari nayofierebisa da maradqaluri sawyisis ganmacxa-
debel RvTaebasTan — artemidesTan. rogorc berZnuli miTosi
gadmogvcems, artemide da apoloni tyupi da-Zmani arian.
analogiur suraT-xats vxvdebiT qarTul miTosSic:
xaxmatis wminda giorgi salaSqrod midis qajaveTSi. was-
vlis win igi RvTismSobelTan saubarSi arkvevs Tavisi laSqro-
bis mizans:
- 55 -
`qajaveT rad iarebi
giorgi, mglisa ferao?
vali mikidav qajebsa,
rad mkiTxav qristes dedao,
coms zelda qajis beberi,
wavaswar cxobazedao.~
rogorc vxedavT, wminda giorgi qajaveTSi laSqrobis mTa-

var mizezad imas asaxelebs, rom qajaveTSi puris cxoba dauwyi-
aT qajebs. xatovan enaze mocemuli es uwyeba Zalze mniSvnelo-
vani sulieri faqtis ganmacxadebelia. rogorc cnobilia, puri
erT-erT mTavar atributs warmoadgens qristianuli ziarebis
procesSi. qristianuli liturgiisas puri qristes xorcad gar-
daisaxeba. wminda giorgi imiT xsnis Tavis galaSqrebis mizezs,
rom im periodSi negatiuri sulieri Zalebi ukve Zalze aqti-
urad ereodnen adamianTa sulieri cxovrebis procesSi. maTgan
momdinare cTuneba ukve ziarebis doneze mJRavndeboda.
qajaveTis laSqrobis Semdeg wminda giorgisa da mis dam-
xmare xatebs qajaveTidan moaqvT Zvirfasi ganZi da mohyavT
samZivari Tavis or dobilTan (mzeqali da aSeqali) erTad.
am SemTxvevaSi, gvinda yuradReba gavamaxviloT im faqtze,
rom wminda giorgim samive gaaqristiana da Tavis dobilad mi-
iRo isini:
ìq daeWira giorgis

sami qajebis qalio,
samZivari da mzeqali,
mesame aSeqalio,
danaTlna Tavis jvarzeda,
gverdiT daisxna danio~.
amis Semdeg xaxmatSi daarsebul iqna wminda giorgisa da

misi dobilebis erToblivi salocavi.
wminda giorgim gaaqristiana samZivari — warmarTuli sam-
yarodan momdinare bunebis didi deda, nayofierebis qalRmer-
Ti. mzeqali da aSe-qali uSualod mianiSneben mis kavSirs mziur
da mTvareul ZalebTan. saxeli mzeqali, cxadia, mziur aspeqts
gamosaxavs, xolo rac Seexeba aSe-qals, vfiqrobT, marTebulia
varaudi, rom mas uSualo mimarTeba gaaCnia uZveles finikiur
RvTaeba aSerasTan. saxelebis aSeqalisa da aSeras saerTo fuZe
- 56 -
da maTi miTosuri saxeebi safuZvels iZleva amgvari varau-
disTvis. finikiur warmodgenebSi aSera adonisis colia da mi-
wier Zalebs ukavSirdeba. zogierTi warmodgeniT, igive aSera
qaluri nayofierebis simboloa da astartes kultis ganmacxa-
debelia. yvela is aspeqti, rac aSeras miewereba, warmoadgens
mTvareuli Zalebis moqmedebas miwier garemoSi.
rogorc vxedavT, erTi mxriv, dedamiwis elementebi war-
moadgenen mTvareuli warmoSobis mdedrobiT aspeqts (aSeqa-
li), xolo, meore mxriv, isini mTlianad ganmsWvalulni arian
mziuri suliT (mzeqali). analogiur berZnul warmodgenebSi es
ori nakadi ikribeba piTiaSi (iseve rogorc samZivarSi). TviTon
piTia qaluri sawyisis matarebelia, igi qurumi qalia, magram
masSi dedamiwidan momdinare qaluri sawyisis, am SemTxvevaSi,
elementaruli sulebidan momdinare sulieri nakadis garda
moqmedebs mziuri sawyisic (Tavad apolonis suli). swored ami-
Taa gansakuTrebuli delfos misteria. masSi mocemulia orive
sawyisis wonasworoba.
vfiqrobT, swored analogiur xatTan gvaqvs saqme qaja-
veTidan wamoyvanili da Semdeg gaqristianebuli samZivaris
SemTxvevaSic. masSic ukve qajaveTSi, ese igi gaqristianebamde,
mocemulia orive, mTvareuli da mziuri aspeqti.
wminda giorgis mier samZivaris gaqristianebis da dobi-
lad gamocxadebis Semdeg, erTi mxriv, saxeze gvaqvs apolonisa
da piTias urTierTobis xati, xolo, meore mxriv, iqmneba ber-
Znuli miTosuri da-Zmis, artemidesa da apolonis analogiuri
wyvili.
msgavsi Temaa mocemuli andria pirvelwodebulis saqar-
TveloSi moRvaweobis istoriaSic:
rogorc werilobiTi wyaroebi iuwyebian, iberiisken wamo-
sulma andriam gadmovlo mTa, romelsac rkinis jvari ewoda.
Tqmulebis mixedviT, es jvari Tavad aRmarTa andria mociqul-
ma. igi samcxis sazRvarTan, sofel zaden-goraSi SeCerda, sa-
dac, RvTismSoblis xelTuqmneli xatis SewevniT, kerpebi daam-
sxvria da sofel awyurisken gaemarTa. im adgilebSi mTavari
iyo erTi qvrivi qali, romelsac samZivari erqva. yovladwmin-
da RvTismSoblis xatis daxmarebiT andriam gardacvlili Ze
gaucocxla samZivars. samZivarma irwmuna andrias qadageba da
gaqristianda. Semdeg andriam awyurSi Sekrebili xalxis winaSe
locvis ZaliT daamsxvria artemidesa da apolonis kerpebi da
iqve qristianuli eklesia daamyara.
- 57 -
am mokle uwyebaSi warmodgenili aspeqtebi SemdgomSi uaR-
resad farTo sulieri mniSvnelobebiT warmoCindebian im gad-
mocemebSi, romlebic, erTi mxriv, qristianuli saqarTvelos
georgeanuli formis, xolo, meore mxriv, wminda ninos moR-
vaweobis Sesaxeb iuwyebian.
xalxur cnobierebaSi swored analogiur suraT-xatebSia
warmodgenili wminda giorgis moRvaweobis erT-erTi mniSvnelo-
vani epizodi. xaxmatis wminda giorgis qajaveTSi laSqroba sim-
bolurad isea warmodgenili, rom qajaveTi im uReltexilis
miRma igulveba, romelsac dResac jvris uReltexili ewodeba.
wminda giorgis qajaveTidan mohyavs samZivari da qristianad
moaqcevs mas. am SemTxvevaSi, samZivari nayofierebis warmarTul
RvTaebas ganasaxierebs. andria mociqulis SemTxvevaSi, samZi-
vari warmarTuli samTavros mTavradaa warmodgenili.
warmarTuli kerpebis msxvrevis epizodebic niSandobli-
vi suraT-xatebia rogorc wminda giorgis, aseve wminda ninos
qristianuli moRvaweobis saqmeSi. wminda giorgim swored apo-
lonis kerpi daamsxvria da dedofali moaqcia, riTac impera-
tor diokletianes risxva daimsaxura. wminda ninos moRvaweo-
bis istoriaSic mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia armazis kerpebis
msxvrevis epizods. aseve niSandoblivia wminda ninosagan de-
doflis (nanas) moqcevac.
andria pirvelwodebulma apolonisa da artemides kerpebi
Semusra. saqarTveloSi Camoyalibebuli qristianobis forma
umTavresad swored am warmarTuli RvTaebebis moqmedebis
arealSi mkvidrdeba. apolonTan da artemidesTan dakavSire-
buli delfos da efesos misteriebis qristianuli gadaazreba
swored erT-erTi centraluri amocanaa qarTveli eris suli-
er cxovrebaSi.
apolonuri Zalebis moqmedebas berZnuli miTosi wliur
droTa mdinarebas ukavSirebs. misi Zalebis gamovlineba uSua-
lod bunebaSi gacxadebul ZalTa sezonur monacvleobas ukav-
Sirdeba. Semodgomaze, roca adamiani xedavs, rom bunebis Za-
lebi zamTris Zilisaken miiswrafvian, roca buneba garegnuli
sasicocxlo Zalebisagan ganiZarcveba, apoloni miemgzavreba
CrdiloeTisaken, Tavis samSobloSi — hiperboriis qveyanaSi.
ewyoba specialuri gamosaTxovari kultmsaxureba. apolonis
molodinis ganwyobileba Tan gahyveba zamTris sezonis sulier
cxovrebas da gazafxulze berZnebi zar-zeimiT xvdebian Crdi-
loeTidan dabrunebul apolons. axlad gaRviZebul bunebaSi
- 58 -
Zalumad iRvreba apolonis impulsi. manamde ki berZenTa su-
lieri xedvisaTvis apoloni hiperboriis qveyanaSia dakargu-
li.
saintereso paraleli SeiZleba gavataroT wminda giorgis
cxovrebasTan. misi, rogorc tyveTa ganmaTavisufleblis, erT-
erTi mniSvnelovani saswauli ukavSirdeba bulgareTSi tyved
wayvanili Wabukis ganTavisuflebas. Wabuks im dros xelSi
eWira cecxlidan axlad aRebuli WurWeli (kurkumi), romel-
Sic mduRare wyali esxa. igi wminda giorgis mier atacebuli
iqna da umal miiyvana igi Tavisi mSoblebis saxlSi, Tanac ise,
rom Wabuks kvlav xelSi eWira mduRare wyliT savse WurWeli.14
TavisTavad, am WurWelsac ukavSirdeba mniSvnelovani saswau-
li, radgan mravalTa momsaxurebis miuxedavad, àrca wyali igi
moaklda da arca mduRarebisagan gangrilda esodensa mas sig-
rZesa Jamisasa, aramed iyo cxel da mduRare~.15
aRniSnuli teqstis daweris periodSi bulgareTi ewode-
boda im mxares, saidanac berZnebis warmodgenaSi hiperboriis
qveyana iwyeboda. swored hiperboriis qveynidan iqna gamox-
snili tyve. amave dros, imave CrdiloeTis qveynidan Camotanil
iqna WurWeli, romelSic mocemulia bunebis stiqiebis harmo-
niuli urTierToba — cxel wyalSi xom erTmaneTs cecxlisa
da wylis stiqiebi xvdebian. am SemTxvevaSi, maTi urTierToba
harmoniulia, rac Zvel misteriebSi mniSvnelovan problemas
warmoadgenda.
avtori iqve mianiSnebs, rom mocemuli epizodi swored am-
gvar ideas gulisxmobs. igi aRniSnul movlenas adarebs elia
winaswarmetyvelis saswauls, roca misi wyalobiT cecxlze
dasxmulma wyalma ki ar Caaqro cecxli, aramed Tavisi bunebis
sawinaaRmdegod, kidev ufro aabriala. aseve gamoxsnili tyvis
WurWelSic ki ar ganelda mduRare wyali, aramed `Zalman saR-
rmToisa cecxlisaman mxurvaliTa meoxebiTa wmidisaiTa wyali
igi mduRari umetesad ganacxela da ganaxurva~.
aseve mniSvnelovania is paralelic, rom qristianuli
tradiciiT, wminda giorgisadmi miZRvnili dResaswaulic we-
liwadSi orjer, da swored gazafxulze da Semodgomaze
aRiniSneba (axali stiliT 6 maiss da 23 noembers). marTalia, am
SemTxvevaSi, ukve aRar aris saubari wliur ciklebTan dakav-
Sirebul monacvleobaze, magram Tavad amgvari kalendaruli
damTxvevac, cxadia, niSandoblivi faqtia.
rogorc ukve iTqva, berZnuli misteriebi apolonis saxiT
- 59 -
gamoxatavs im sulier impulsebs, romlebic dedamiwis elemen-
tebSi moqmed sulier Zalebs akeTilSobileben, maTi qaosuri
qmedeba harmoniaSi mohyavT da am gziT kacobriobis progresis
gziT mimarTaven mas. apoloni elementebisagan ganxorciele-
bul miwier samyaros gardaqmnis. imave misiis aRmsrulebelia
wminda giorgic, magram, am SemTxvevaSi, ara mxolod stiqiebi-
dan momdinare Zalebis mowesrigeba xdeba, aramed maTi sruliad
specifikuri saxiT, qristianuli impulsiT gardaqmnac. sxva-
nairad rom vTqvaT, wminda giorgi qristianuli ZalisxmeviT
amuSavebs miwas. swored es simboluri saxe gansazRvravs mis
saxelsac, `georgos~ — miwaTmoqmedi. rac Seexeba misi, rogorc
mziuri gmiris mimarTebas nayofierebis qalRmerTisadmi, cxa-
dia, esec aqedan momdinare erT-erTi aspeqtia wminda giorgis
misteriuli xatisa.
analogiurive axsna SeiZleba movuZebnoT saqarTvelos
saxelsac. rogorc cnobilia, berZnebi da evropelebi qarTve-
lebs georgianelebs eZaxian. arsebobs Zalze martivi gageba
am faqtisa, TiTqos saqarTveloSi imdenad iyo ganviTare-
buli miwaTmoqmedeba, rom am qveyanam ucxoelTaTvis amgvari
dasaxeleba miiRo. TavisTavad, saqarTveloSi miwaTmoqmede-
bis maRal doneze ganviTarebac, cxadia, istoriuli faqtia,
magram, vfiqrobT, es mainc meoreuli movlenaa. qveyanaSi, sa-
dac sulier planSi gansakuTrebuli mimarTeba arsebobs miwis
damuSavebis problemasTan, gasakviri araa, rom igi garegnul
formaSic gamovleniliyo. umTavresi mniSvneloba qarTvelTa
georgianobisa ki imaSi unda veZeboT, rom qarTuli qristiano-
bisaTvis umTavres erovnul niSnad iqca im misiis aRsruleba,
rac xatovnad wminda giorgis sulier moRvaweobaSi gamov-
linda. georgia, anu saqarTvelo, swored wminda giorgis misi-
is aRmsrulebelia. es misia moicavs erovnul masStabebs da
swored aqedan momdinareobs wminda giorgis gansakuTrebuli
kulti saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze. saqarTvelo erovnu-
li masStabiTaa miwaTmoqmedi. es miwaTmoqmedeba umTavresad
swored zegrZnobadi rangis movlenaa da is gulisxmobs miwis
imgvar damuSavebas, roca dedamiwis elementebSi gacxadebuli
sulieri Zalebi qristes impulsiT gardaiqmnebian.
qarTvelTa `georgosebad~ moxsenieba wminda giorgis moR-
vaweobis periodidan ar iwyeba. es dasaxeleba manamdec ar-
sebobda. qarTvelTa warmarTuli RvTaeba, TeTri giorgic
mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli im sulier aspeqtebTan, rasac wmin-
- 60 -
da giorgisTan mimarTebaSi SevexeT. elementarul samyarosTan
urTierToba, rac sulieri simbolikis enaze miwis damuSavebaSi
gamoixateba, swored erT-erTi umTavresi niSania TeTri gior-
gis kultisaTvis.
rogorc iTqva, `georgianoba~ Tavisi mniSvnelobiT gaci-
lebiT mets niSnavs, vidre miwis kargad damuSavebas. faqto-
brivad, georgianuli cxovrebis wesi gulisxmobs im elementa-
ruli samyaros gardaqmna-gakeTilSobilebas, romelic bunebis
yovelgvari movlenis miRma igulveba. am TvalsazrisiT igi
sulieri cxovrebis, anu sulier samyarosTan urTierTobis
garkveuli formacaa.
miuxedavad georgianobis amgvari farTo sulieri mniS-
vnelobisa, igi ara Tu ar gamoricxavs, aramed aucileblo-
biT gulisxmobs kidec miwaTmoqmedebis ganviTarebis maRal
donesac. amis mizezi ki isaa, rom elementaruli samyaros ga-
keTilSobilebasTan swored miwaTmoqmedebaa uSualod dakav-
Sirebuli. miuxedavad imisa, Tu vis mier moixmareba moweuli
mosavali, Tavad miwaze muSaobis procesi ukve warmoadgens
elementarul samyaroze zemoqmedebis process. marTalia, es
procesi xSir SemTxvevaSi Tavad miwaTmoqmedis mier arc aris
gacnobierebuli, magram am drosac ki xdeba Sesabamisi elemen-
taruli arsebebis gardaqmna-gakeTilSobileba. xolo rodesac
miwaze muSaobis procesi maRali sulierebiT cnobierad mim-
dinareobs, Sedegic ufro mniSvnelovania.
miwaTmoqmedis samuSaos mniSvnelovani Sedegi moaqvs suli-
er planSic. faqtobrivad, miwis damuSavebasTan erTad miwaT-
moqmedi elementaruli sulieri arsebebis ganviTarebas uwyobs
xels.16
miwaTmoqmedebasTan wminda giorgis kultis mimarTeba
kargad Cans iseT ritualebSi, sadac warmarTul nayofiere-
bis ritualebs wminda giorgis kulti Caenacvla. magaliTad,
ukrainaSi ZvelTagan arsebobda tradicia, rom gazafxulze
giorgobis dRes (axali stiliT 6 maiss) mRvdlebi procesias
awyobdnen mindvrebSi da naTesebs akurTxebdnen.17
aqve SeiZleba mokled SevexoT sakiTxs, Tu ras warmoad-
genen elementaruli arsebebi, anu elementaruli sulebi.
cxadia, is fizikuri samyaro, romelsac Cven grZnobis
organoebiT aRviqvamT, Zalze mravalferovania, magram Tu am
TvalsazrisiT sulier samyaros warmovidgenT, irkveva, rom
igi `mravalferovnebiT~ bevrad aRemateba fizikur samyaros.
- 61 -
saRvTismetyvelo warmodgeniT, sulieri samyaro, dawyebuli
angelozebidan da damTavrebuli serafimebiT, dayofilia cxra
ierarqiad. arc erTi ierarqia Tavis SigniT ar gulisxmobs
erTferovnebas da, faqtobrivad, warmoadgens sulier arse-
baTa uaRresad mravalsaxovan krebuls. cxra ierarqiis zemoT
igulveba samebis sauflo. sulieri ierarqiis TvalsazrisiT,
yvela es arseba adamianze maRla mdgomia. es gradacia gulis-
xmobs, rom sulieri ierarqiebis warmomadgenelTagan adamian-
Tan yvelaze axlos mdgomi angelozuri ierarqiaa.
adamianis grZnobaTagan dafaruli sulieri samyaro mxo-
lod cxra ierarqiiT ar Semoifargleba. arseboben iseTi su-
lieri arsebebic, romlebic TavianTi ganviTarebiT CamorCe-
bian angelozur ierarqias. Tu adamians warmovidgenT rogorc
sulieri ganviTarebis garkveul safexurze mdgom arsebas,
aRmoCndeba, rom mravlad arseboben iseTi sulieri arsebebic,
romlebic TavianTi sulieri ganviTarebis doniT am safexurze
dabla dganan. amgvar jgufs ganekuTvnebian is arsebebi, rom-
lebic TavianTi funqciebiT dakavSirebulni arian im proces-
ebTan, romlebic oTxi stiqiiT, anu oTxi elementiT (miwa, wya-
li, haeri, cecxli) ganxorcielebul kosmosSi mimdinareobs.
swored stiqiebis, anu elementebis es sulebi gansazRvraven
bunebis im movlenebs, romelTa kanonzomierebebic adami-
anuri inteleqtisTvis bunebis kanonebSi warmodgebian. roca
Cven vlaparakobT sulieri samyarodan momdinare Zalebze, ar
iqneba marTebuli, Tu am `Zalebis~ Sesaxeb imgvar asociacias
SeviqmniT, rogorc es sazogadod miRebulia grZnobadi sam-
yaros movlenebze msjelobisas. magaliTad, rodesac grZnobad
samyaroSi romelime arseba rameze moqmedebs, Cven SegviZlia
es qmedeba davukavSiroT garkveuli Zalis gamovlinebas da am-
gvari warmodgena movlenis fizikuri mxaris aRsawerad sruli-
ad marTebulia. Tu analogiur movlenas sulier samyaroSi
ganvixilavT, amgvari warmodgena azrs kargavs, radgan is,
rasac Cven grZnobad samyaroSi Zalad warmovsaxavT, sulier
samyaroSi sulier arsebebs Seesabameba. iq moqmedeben ara Za-
lebi, aramed arsebebi. yvela is Zala da masTan dakavSirebuli
kanonzomierebebi, romlebic bunebis movlenebSi vlindebian,
sulieri WvretisaTvis elementarul arsebebad, anu elementa-
rul sulebad warmodgebian.
uZveles epoqebSi adamianebi naTlad aRiqvamdnen am ele-
mentarul arsebebs, xolo Semdeg, rodesac adamianuri naTel-
- 62 -
xilviTi SesaZleblobebi daibinda da sxva sulier arsebebTan
erTad elementaruli arsebebic odnavRa dailandeboda moCve-
nebebiT aRsavse burusSi, adamianebisaTvis isini miTebis per-
sonaJebad gardaiqmnen. mexsierebaSi aRibeWda is Zveli naTel-
xilviTi Wvretebi, rodesac maT winaprebs sruliad realuri
gancda gaaCndaT bunebis sulierebisa.
materialisturi azrovnebis ganviTarebis dRevandel
safexurze ukve cotasRa gaaCnia imis gancda, rom mTeli ma-
terialuri samyaro sulierebiTaa ganmsWvaluli, yoveli qvis,
xis, Tu Rrublis miRma sulieri arsebebi igulveba. `bunebis
wigni~ dReisaTvis Zalze Znelad sakiTxavi gaxda. swored bune-
bis safuZvlebSi gamovlenili sulierebis sfero warmoadgens
elementaruli sulebis moqmedebis arenas.
ramdenadac adamiani Zalze aqtiuradaa CarTuli bunebis
movlenebSi, elementarul samyarosac aseve aqtiuri zemoq-
medeba aqvs mis yoveldRiur cxovrebaze.
elementaruli arsebebis mravalferovneba imiTac gam-
oixateba, rom maTi nawili Tu samyaros marTlzomieri ganvi-
Tarebis procesebSi monawileobs, nawili mkveTrad negatiuri
zemoqmedebiT gamoirCeva. arimanuli da luciferuli arsebebi
xSirad swored elementaruli samyarodan moqmedeben adami-
anur samSvinvelebze. elementaruli arsebebis gancda dRemde
SemorCa sxvadasxva xalxebis zRaprebsa da TqmulebebSi. alebi,
qajebi, Winkebi, jujebi da sxva zRapruli personaJebi swored
am elementarul sulebs gamosaxaven.
zemoT gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi rom abstraqtul msjelobad
ar darCes, albaT, saWiroa wminda giorgis cxovrebis amsaxveli
Txzulebebidan ufro konkretuli detalebi gamovyoT.
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, qarTul miTosur warmodgenebSi
wminda giorgim gaaqristiana nayofierebis qalRmerTi samZi-
vari da dobilad miiRo igi. aseve da-Zmani arian artemide da
apoloni. axla yuradReba mivaqcioT im faqts, rom eklesia-
Si sayovelTaod miRebuli teqstis mixedviT, wminda giorgim
gaaqristiana saberZneTis dedofali. dedoflis gaqristianeba,
cxadia, Rrma simboluri faqtis gamomxatvelia. wminda gior-
gisa da dedofals erTad sjian sikvdiliT. dasjis win wminda
giorgi vedrebiT mimarTavs ufals:
ùfalo, Seiwynare suli Cemi da ganarine eSmakTa maTgan
ganmkiTxvelTa, romelni arian haerTa Sina~.18
rogorc vxedavT, wminda giorgi Tavisi amqveyniuri cxov-
- 63 -
rebis ukanasknel wuTebSi swored im negatiur ZalTagan gan-
ridebas SesTxovs ufals, romlebic miwier elementebSi, ker-
Zod, haeris stiqiaSi moqmedeben.
msgavssave epizods vxvdebiT abuseriZe tbelis Txzuleba-
Sic. wminda giorgi ecxadeba basilis da afrTxilebs, rom ara-
sodes dalios wyali wyarodan pirjvris gardasaxvis gareSe,
radgan masSi cxovroben eSmakebi, ese igi, mxolod qristianuli
impulsis Setanis Semdeg SeiZleba veziaroT im Zalebs, rom-
lebic uSualod miwis wiaRidan wyaros saxiT (wylis stiqiis
saxiT) momdinareoben.19
analogiursave konteqstSia gadmocemuli wminda giorgis
is saswauli, roca TeofistesTan stumrobisas man dakluli
pirutyvi kvlav gaacocxla da gauCinarda. àmisa Semdgomad
poves miwasa zeda kuali ferxTa misTa, sada igi daetkebna qu-
eyanasa zeda wmindasa, da aRkribes miwa igi da uricxuni sas-
waulni aRasrules mis mier, rameTu brmani da mkelobelni da
eSmakeulni da tkiviliTa mZafriTa Sepyrobilni da pirad-pi-
radad guemulni ganikurnebodes.~20
rogorc vxedavT, am SemTxvevaSi mocemulia uaRresad
sakraluri xati — kvali, romelic wminda giorgim miwas daam-
Cnia, ese igi, misi miwis stiqiaSi aRbeWdvis Sedegi saswaulebri-
vi kurnebis Zalisa aRmoCnda.
saqarTveloSi dRemde farTodaa gavrcelebuli rwmena
imisa, rom yovel saxls hyavs fuZis mfarveli gveli. fuZis
gveli, anu rogorc mas uwodeben, fuZis angelozi, binadrobs
saxlis saZirkvelSi da am ojaxis keTildReoba masze didadaa
damokidebuli. (am SemTxvevaSi termini àngelozi~ ar aris igi-
ve, rac Cveulebriv igulisxmeba qristianul warmodgenebSi).
aseve sayovelTaod miRebuli rwmeniT, fuZis gvelis mokvla
ojaxis ganadgurebas iwvevda.21
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi SemorCa `fuZis angelozi-
sadmi~ miZRvnili ritualebi da specialuri locvebi. es ritu-
alebi sakmaod Camoyalibebul kultmsaxurebas warmoadgenen
da gansazRvruli organizebulobiT gamoirCevian. zogierTi
warmodgeniT, `fuZis angelozi~, anu `fuZis gveli~ gaigivebu-
lia adgilis dedasTanac.
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi fuZis angelozisadmi miZRvnil
rituals `saxlTangelozoba~ ewodeba, xolo dasavleT saqar-
TveloSi: nerCis xvami (fuZis locva) — samegreloSi, argiliS
limziri (adgilis salocavi), Cubav lemziri (qveviT vedreba)
- 64 -
—svaneTSi, aJahara, aSxara — afxazeTSi, fuZis gamolocva — ime-
reTSi.22
amjerad gvinda yuradReba gavamaxviloT fuZis gvelTan,
anu fuZis angelozTan dakavSirebul egreT wodebul `samSen-
eblo ritualebze~.
`samSeneblo ritualebic~ sakmao mravalferovnebiT xa-
siaTdeba. isini ZiriTadad axali saxlis saZirkvlis CayrasTan
dakavSirebiT sruldeba. amjerad am ritualebis garegnul mxa-
reze dawvrilebiT ar SevCerdebiT, mxolod ramdenime mniS-
vnelovan detals SevexebiT.
arsebobs tradicia, romlis mixedviTac, saZirkvlis
Txrilebis amoRebis Semdeg maSinve ar xdeba saZirkvlis mow-
yoba. zogjer ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSic ki Txrilebi Ria
saxiT rCeba mcxunvare mzis qveS. (es tradicia mxolod saqar-
TveloSi ar aris aRniSnuli. magaliTad, krasnodaris mxareSi
igi dResac miRebulia).23
am tradiciaSi Zalze mkafio saxiTaa SemorCenili is uZve-
lesi Sre, romelic zemoT ganxiluli misteriuli warmodge-
nebidan momdinareobs.
rogorc aRiniSna, uZvelesi warmodgeniT, saxlis fuZeSi
binas idebs gveli, romelic am saxlis mfarvel angelozad
gvevlineba. fuZis gveli Tavisi arsiT miwis Zalebisgan mom-
dinareobs (misadmi locva warmodgenilia rogorc `qveviT ve-
dreba~). vidre saxlis saZirkveli moewyoba, xdeba iq mobinadre
gvelis mzis Zalebis zemoqmedebiT gakeTilSobileba. mziuri
Zalebi miwis stiqiebSi iWrebian. gaTxrili saZirkvlis saxiT
miwis piri gaxsnilia da mzis sxivebs meti saSualeba aqvT qvena
samyarodan momdinare Zalebze zemoqmedebisaTvis.
rogorc naCvenebi iyo, analogiuri suraT-xati gvxvdeboda
delfos misteriebSic. kastilis mindorze miwis piri gaxsni-
lia. napralebidan orTqlis saxiT amoedineba piTonis, anu
didi gvelis suli. apoloni oqros isrebs esvris drakons, mzis
sxivebSi gacxadebuli apolonis suli kastilis napralebisaken
miiswrafvis da iq uerTdeba gvelis suls. mziuri ZalebiT ga-
keTilSobilebuli (moTvinierebuli) gveluri suli ukve aRar
warmoadgens negatiur Zalas. piriqiT, igi didi cxovelmyo-
felobiT moqmedebs miwier garemoze da sikeTe moaqvs adami-
anebisTvis. am gakeTilSobilebuli gvelisagan delfos sibilas
udidesi saidumloebebi euwyeba.
warmodgenili `samSeneblo ritualic~ swored analogiuri
- 65 -
xasiaTisaa. mSenebeli mzis sxivebs saSualebas aZlevs imoq-
medos im gvelze, romelic gaSiSvlebuli saZirkvlis fuZeSi
cxovrobs.
mxolod mas Semdeg xdeba saZirkvlis Txrilis Sevseba,
roca mzis xangrZlivi zemoqmedebis Sedegad fuZis gveli sike-
Tis momniWeblad gardaiqmneba.
saqarTveloSi aseve farTod gavrcelebuli `samSeneblo~
tradiciis mixedviT miRebulia saZirkvlis fuZeSi oqros mone-
tebis Cayoleba.
faqtobrivad, Tavisi arsiT, es tradiciac analogiuri xa-
siaTisaa. rogorc cnobilia, yvela planetarul Zalebs miwier
samyaroSi Sesabamisi metalebi ireklaven, ese igi, planetaruli
Zalebi yvelaze aqtiurad Sesabamis metalebSi gamovlindebi-
an. am TvalsazrisiT, mziur Zalebs swored oqro Seesabameba.
uZveles droSi swored am warmodgenebis mixedviT irCeoda sam-
kaulebis saxeobebic. Zvirfasi Tvlebisa da metalebis sulieri
Tvisebebis gaTvaliswinebiT xdeboda ama Tu im samkaulis SerCe-
va da tareba. es iyo sulier samyarosTan urTierTobis stimu-
lirebis garkveuli forma, romelic xSirad gamajansaRebeli
miznebisaTvis gamoiyeneboda. dReisaTvis, cxadia, samkaulTa
amgvari gancda mowinave kacobriobas naklebad SemorCa.
gansaxilvel SemTxvevaSi saZirkvlis fuZeSi oqros Cayo-
leba gulisxmobs mzis ZalebisaTvis gzis gaxsnas am garemoSi
aqtiuri moqmedebisaTvis. fuZeSi Cayolebul oqroSi areklili
mzis sulieri Zalebis zemoqmedebiT fuZis gvelis gakeTilSo-
bileba xdeba.
§ 2. miqaeluri memkvidreoba qarTul kulturaSi
rogorc aRiniSna, saqarTvelos sulier cxovrebaSi naT-

ladaa gamokveTili ori ZiriTadi nakadi. erTi, es aris RvTis-
mSoblis, xolo meore, wminda giorgis kulti. Tu maT winare
istoriasac gaviTvaliswinebT, im Zvel misteriebs, saidanac es
kultebi aRmocenda, aseve naTlad SevamCnevT, rom am ori kul-
tis urTierTdamokidebuleba, faqtobrivad, ganuyofeli iyo
warmarTul epoqaSic. wminda giorgis winamorbedi miqaeluri
gmirebi mudam ibrZodnen im maradqaluri sawyisis dasacavad,
romlis qristianul gamoxatulebasac RvTismSoblis religi-
- 66 -
uri suraT-xati warmoadgens. miqaeluri qristianoba reli-
giuri cxovrebis sferoSi swored wminda giorgis kultSia
gamoxatuli. saqarTveloSi maradqaluri sawyisis qristianuli
saxiT gamovlineba RvTismSoblis kults ukavSirdeba da mas
Zalze farTo xasiaTi aqvs.
aRniSnuli ori sulieri nakadis ganuyofloba Zalze mkve-
Trad fiqsirdeba qristianul religiur teqstebSi. igi gansa-
kuTrebiT naTladaa gamokveTili ioanes gamocxadebaSi. miqae-
li ebrZvis kosmosur drakons, amarcxebs mas da igi am brZo-
las awarmoebs im mzeSemosili qalis dasacavad, romelmac yrma
unda Svas:
„da gamoCnda caSi didi niSani — dedakaci, romelsac emosa
mze; da mTvare mis fexebqveS da mis Tavze gvirgvini Tormeti
varskvlaviT. is fexmZimed aris da yviris, itanjeba da ewameba,
rom Sobos. da sxva niSanic gamoCnda caSi — ai, wiTeli didi
drakoni, romelsac hqonda Svidi Tavi da aTi rqa, da mis
Tavebze Svidi gvirgvini.… drakoni ki dadga dedakacis win,
romelsac unda emSobiara, raTa, roca Sobda, gadaeylapa misi
bavSvi.“24 „da moxda caSi omi; miqaeli da misi angelozebi ebr-
Zodnen drakons, da ibrZodnen drakoni da misi angelozebi,
magram ver gauZles da aRarc adgili aRmoCnda maTTvis caSi.
da gadmogdebul iqna didi drakoni, Zveli gveli, romelsac
eSmaki da satana hqvia, msoflios macdunebeli, da misi angelo-
zebic gadmoyril iqnen masTan erTad“.25
rogorc vxedavT, mSobiare qalisa da axalSobilis dasa-
cavad ibrZvis miqaeli da igi awarmoebs brZolas iseTi rangis
negatiur sulier arsebebTan, romelsac ewodeba eSmaki da sa-
tana, anu Zveli gveli. ra Tqma unda, Zalian Znelia adamianma
sakuTari arseba, sakuTari Tavi warmoidginos am zeciur brZo-
laSi. sruliad aSkaraa, rom es movlena zegrZnobad sfero-
Si mimdinareobs. magram, samagierod, adamians Zalian naTeli
gancda SeiZleba hqondes im georgianuli, im qristianuli
brZolisa, romelsac wminda giorgi miwier planSi awarmoebda
da romelic aseve miqaeluri brZolis gamoxatulebaa. wminda
giorgis adamianuri saxe Zalze axlobelia yoveli morwmu-
nisaTvis. amave dros, isic sruliad aSkara gancdaa, rom wminda
giorgi sulieri samyarodanac kvlav CarTulia am brZolaSi da
yvela im adamianis gverdiT dgas, romelic borotebis winaaRm-
deg georgianul, anu miqaelur brZolas awarmoebs.
saqarTveloSi RvTismSoblis kultis farTo saxiT arse-
- 67 -
boba imiTaa unikaluri, rom dRevandeli religiuri cxovrebis
damokidebuleba am kultisadmi yvela danarCen qristianul re-
gionSi Zalze gansxvavebulia. dasavleTis religiur cxovre-
baSi aqcenti RvTismSoblis kultze ar keTdeba. iTvleba, rom
dRes ar aris is epoqa, romelSic es Tema wina planze unda
iqnas wamoweuli. igi uaRresad sakraluri da wminda sakiTxebis
profanaciis saSiSroebas Seicavs. mimdinare kulturuli epo-
qis centraluri amocana qristologiaa — qristianuli mrwam-
sis damkvidrebaa. xolo Semdgomi kulturuli epoqis amocane-
bi ukve Zalze mWidrod daukavSirdeba RvTismSoblis kults,
suliwmindis da sofiis sakiTxebs, rac erTmaneTTan kavSirSi
ganixileba. mimdinare kulturuli epoqa mxolod da mxolod
niadags amzadebs am axali, SeiZleba iTqvas, zogadsakacobrio
evoluciis TvalsazrisiT gadamwyveti kulturuli epoqis-
Tvis.
RvTismSoblisadmi gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba aqvs
slavur samyarosac, magram dRevandel etapze am kultis „in-
tensivoba~ iq gacilebiT naklebia, vidre saqarTveloSi. saqarT-
veloSi RvTismSoblis kultis arseboba unda ganxilul iqnas
rogorc sruliad originaluri fenomeni da rogorc erTgvari
mosamzadebeli etapi am regionSi Soreul momavalSi gaTval-
iswinebuli mniSvnelovani misiis Sesasruleblad. magram es
yvelaferi, rac dRes SedarebiT ufro aracnobier safexurze
arsebobs, aris mxolod SenarCuneba ZiriTadi impulsebisa, rac
saerTod dakavSirebulia maradqalur sawyisTan, suliwmin-
dasTan da sofiasTan — RvTaebriv sibrZnesTan. ase nel-nela,
nabij-nabij xdeba kacobriobis ganviTarebis Semdgom etapebze
gadasvla da Semdgomi amocanebisTvis mzadeba.
rogorc aRvniSneT, am kultis arseboba aucileblad miqae-
lur nakadTan ganuyofelobas gulisxmobs. SemTxveviTi ar
aris, rom saqarTveloSi RvTismSoblis kultis danergvasTan
erTad inergeba miqaeluri qristianobis iseTi mZlavri nakadi,
rogoricaa wminda giorgis kulti, georgianuli qristianoba.
saqarTveloSi am ori kultis danergva paralelurad moxda.
es ori sulieri nakadi erTmaneTisagan ganuyofelia da isini
TavisTavad gulisxmoben erTmaneTs, raTa sworad iqnas Ses-
rulebuli is amocanebi, rac momavlisTvisaa gaTvaliswinebu-
li. ese igi, calmxrivad, mxolod RvTismSoblis kultis gan-
viTarebis SemTxvevaSi, mis paralelurad rom ar arsebobdes
wminda giorgis kulti, saqarTvelos sulier cxovrebaSi seri-
- 68 -
ozuli darRvevebi moxdeboda. ese igi, Tanamedrove miqaeluri
qristianoba Zalian zogad, globalur planSi, aris mosamzade-
beli periodi momavali, Zalian mniSvnelovani etapisa kaco-
briobis sulier cxovrebaSi, rac dakavSirebulia maradqaluri
sawyisis, suliwmindisa da RvTismSoblis kultis sruliad ax-
leburi saxiT gamovlinebasTan. TavisTavad miqaeli, rogorc
garkveuli mniSvnelovani sulieri gardatexebisa da cvlile-
bebis momamzadebeli, swored ase iyo warmodgenili Zvel xalx-
Ta kulturaSi.
leonti mrovelis „mefeTa cxovrebaSi“ Zalze mniSvnelo-
vani miniSneba arsebobs am faqtTan dakavSirebiT: im periodSi,
roca wminda nino saqarTveloSi qristianobis damkvidrebas
cdilobda, warmarTi mirian mefe ebrZoda qristianobas, ar
iRebda mis qadagebas. am dros avad gaxda dedofali nana da
wminda ninom is Zalian mZime daavadebisagan moarCina.
„maSin mirian mefe gankvirda da iwyo gamoZiebad sjulisa
qristessa. da mravalgzis hkiTxaven huriayofilsa mas abia-
Tars ZvelTa da axalTa wignTasa, da igi auwyebda yovelsa.
da wignica, romeli hqonda mirian mefesa nebroTisi, da masca
wignsa Sin pova werili esreT: „aRSenebasa mas godlisasa xma
iyo zeciT nebroTis mimarT, romeli etyoda:
— me var miqael, romeli dadginebul var RmerTisa mier
mTavrobasa zeda aRmosavalisasa. ganved qalaqiT magiT, ra-
meTu RmerTi hfaravs qalaqsa magas. xolo ukanasknelTa JamTa
movides meufe igi cisa, romelsa-igi Sen gnebavs xilva, ersa
Soris Seuracxsa“.26
rogorc vxedavT, mirian mefe qristes mosvlis winaswarme-
tyvelebas im warmarTuli sibrZnidan igebs, romelic mas im
periodisTvis gaaCnia. irkveva rom, es aris ori sulieri na-
kadi: erTi, es aris Zveli ebrauli rjuli, romelsac ebraeli
abiaTari mouTxrobs mas da romelSic aris swored winaswarme-
tyveleba macxovris gankacebisa, da meore, romelic Tavad aqvs
mirian mefes — es aris nebroTis wigni. nebroTi aris bibliuri
gmiri, romelsac babilonis daarseba miewereba. ese igi, babi-
lonuri samyarodan miRebuli sibrZnis wyalobiT mirian mefe
igebs, rom Turme macxovris qveynad mosvlas amzadebs miqaeli,
romelic aris aRmosavleTis gamgebeli. mze qristes saxiT aR-
mosavleTidan unda amobrwyindes. am SemTxvevaSi yuradReba
unda mivaqcioT im faqts, rom miqaeli gamosaxulia rogorc
qristes winamorbedi, xolo, meore mxriv, warmarTul epoqaSi,
- 69 -
vidre ebraeli eris wiaRSi macxovris gankaceba mzaddeboda,
igive miqaeli iyo ebraeli eris winamZRoli. miqaeluri kulti
arsebobda SuamdinareTSic. marduqis brZolaSi kosmosur dra-
konTan gamovlenilia miqaelis kosmosuri brZola. babilonur
religiur cxovrebaSi miqaeli Zalian mniSvnelovani sulieri
xati iyo.
gavixsenoT, rom wminda ninos saqarTveloSi moaqvs qris-
tianobis is gansxvavebuli, is Taviseburi forma, romelic
RvTismSoblis kults ukavSirdeba. leonti mrovelis teqst-
Si kidev erTxel mieniSneba, rom miqaeluri nakadi uaRresad
Rrmad ukavSirdeba im qristianul formas, romelic saqarT-
veloSi inergeba.
dasavleTis sulier cxovrebaSi RvTismSoblis kults is
masStabebi ar miuRia, rac saqarTveloSi, magram iqac sruliad
aSkaraa, rom RvTismSoblis kulti ZiriTadad mxolod im su-
lier gaerTianebebSi iyo popularuli, sadac garkveuli miqae-
luri nakadi arsebobda. es ZiriTadad iyo rainduli ordenebi.
swored raindul ordenebSi erwymoda erTmaneTs es ori nakadi.
am fonze aSkarad Cans, rom maT Soris arsebuli Sinagani kav-
Siri uaRresad Rrmaa.
qarTul istoriul wyaroebSi aris kidev erTi Zalze mniS-
vnelovani miniSneba. „qarTlis moqceva~, romelic SeiZleba
Tamamad CavTvaloT rogorc saqarTvelos sulieri cxovrebis
dRemde SemorCenili umTavresi werilobiTi dokumenti, iwyeba
mniSvnelovani uwyebiT: Turme qarTlis istoria makedonelis
epoqidan iwyeba. am cnobis mixedviT, qarTvelebi qarTlSi make-
donels Camouyvania. ese igi, qarTlis daarsebas TiTqos Zv. w.
IV saukuneSi eyreba safuZveli. es istoriuli periodi, cxadia,
mniSvnelovania saqarTvelos istoriaSi, radgan igi, faqtobri-
vad, farnavazis epoqaa. im dros qarTul kulturaSi marTlac
mniSvnelovani movlenebi moxda. rasakvirvelia, qarTuli kul-
turis zogad planSi ganxilvis SemTxvevaSi, zemoT aRniSnuli
faqti ar Seesabameba wminda istoriul sinamdviles. qarTuli
kultura aTeuli saukuneebiT win uswrebs makedonelis epoqas.
is faqti, rasac „qarTlis moqceva“ ase dabejiTebiT irwmuneba,
unda gavigoT rogorc sulieri da ara rogorc statistikuri
istoriuli faqti. am istoriis avtoris mizani aris is, rom
qarTuli kultura uSualod makedonelTan dakavSirebuli
kulturidan amodiodes.
aq albaT saWiroa gavixsenoT uwyeba imis Sesaxeb, rom ka-
- 70 -
cobriobis ganviTarebas, mis sxvadasxva etapze, sxvadasxva mTa-
varangelozi warmarTavs. aq igulisxmeba Svidi mTavarangelozi,
romlebic monacvleobiT warmarTaven kulturis ZiriTad ten-
denciebs. TiToeuli es gamgebloba daaxloebiT sami-oTxi sau-
kunis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeba da isini ritmulad monacvleo-
ben. me-19 saukunis bolo mesamedidan daiwyo miqaelis epoqa
da dRes Cven miqaelis epoqaSi vcxovrobT. miqaelis wina gamge-
bloba, wina epoqa, roca miqaeli kacobriobis ganviTarebas
warmarTavda, iyo swored im periodSi, roca moRvaweobdnen
makedoneli da aristotele. es iyo daaxloebiT Zv. w. III-V sau-
kuneebi — ese igi, is periodi, romelsac „qarTlis moqceva~
qarTlis kulturis sawyis etapad irCevs.
realur istoriul yofaSi es warmarTuli miqaeluri na-
kadi swored aristotelesa da makedonelis mier inergeba. is
mZlavri miqaeluri nakadi, romelic aristoteles mier axle-
buradaa warmodgenili, swored makedonelis daxmarebiT vrcel-
deba imdroindeli masStabiT Zalian vrcel teritoriebze. es
aris Rrmad miqaeluri movlena.
SemdegSi, qristianobis damkvidrebis procesSi, miqaeluri
nakadi uaRresad Rrmad mkvidrdeba saqarTvelos sulier cxov-
rebaSi. istoriuli wyaroebic adastureben, rom saqarTveloSi
mTavarangeloz miqaelisadmi miZRvnili dResaswaulebi bevria.
georgianuli qristianobac, cxadia, swored miqaeluri qris-
tianobaa. saqarTveloSi es kulti arnaxul masStabebs aRwevs.
xalxur gadmocemebsa da Zvel teqstebSic mravalgzis mieniSne-
ba, rom wminda giorgi da miqaeli erTmaneTTan mWidrod arian
dakavSirebulni. magaliTad, arsebobs teqsti, mimarTva wminda
giorgisadmi, romelSic aRniSnulia, rom miqaeli da wminda
giorgi erTad sxedan caSi uflis gverdiT da erTad cdiloben
adamianebs borotebasTan brZolaSi daexmaron.
imisTvis, rom gavarkvioT, Tu ra msgavseba da ra gansxvave-
ba arsebobs miqaelis Zvel gamgeblobasa da axal gamgeblobas
Soris (igulisxmeba epoqa), aucilebelia gavixsenoT, Tu rogo-
ri mimarTeba hqonda Zvelad adamians im sulieri Zalis mimarT,
romelsac igi miqaels uwodebda. am SemTxvevaSi gasaTvaliswine-
belia Tavad adamianis mimarTeba sakuTar azrovnebasTan. daax-
loebiT Cveni welTaRricxvis me-9 saukunemde adamians dRevan-
delisagan sruliad gansxvavebuli mimarTeba gaaCnda sakuTar
azrovnebasTan. mas ar hqonda gancda, rom azrebi mis TavSi
gamomuSavdeba. Tavisave gamoTqmul azrebs igi ar miiCnevda sa-
- 71 -
kuTar kuTvnilebad. igi ganicdida sulieri arsebebis inspira-
cias. igi sruliad naTlad grZnobda, rom azrebis STagoneba
garkveuli sulieri arsebebis mier sulieri samyarodan xde-
ba, xolo es STagonebuli azrebi adamianis mier mxolod gam-
oiTqmeba, miwier yofaSi airekleba. Cven SeiZleba, magaliTad,
gavixsenoT, rogor msjelobs sokrate, roca mogviTxrobs, rom
mas azrebs keTili demoni STaagonebs. am SemTxvevaSi saubaria
sakmaod konkretul filosofiur azrebze. daaxloebiT aseTi
iyo azrovnebis mimarT damokidebuleba TviT sokrates drosac
ki. daaxloebiT Cveni welTaRricxvis me-9 saukuneSi adamianis
mimarTebaSi azrovnebis procesTan Zalian mkveTri cvlilebebi
xdeba. TandaTan adamians uCndeba gancda, rom azrebi mis Tavis
tvinSi gamomuSavdeba, rom isini sakuTari monapovaria. Zve-
lad, rodesac adamiani azrebs sulieri samyarodan momdinared
Tvlida, im sulier Zalas, romelic sulier samyaroSi arse-
bobs da iqidan axdens adamianis samSvinvelSi azrebis warmoSo-
bas, igi miqaels uwodebda. miqaelis saxeli SemdegSic darCa am
sulieri arsebis aRsaniSnavad. ese igi, miqaels uwodebdnen im
sulier arsebas, romlisganac momdinareobda azrebis warmo-
Soba. ramdenadac es azrebi kosmosidan momdinareobs, miqaeli
iyo kosmosuri azrovnebis gamgebeli.
daaxloebiT me-9 saukunis Semdeg ukve xdeba azrovnebis
formis individualizacia, adamiani ukve ganicdis ara kosmo-
sur, aramed individualur azrovnebas. ese igi, miqaeli Tmobs
kosmosur azrovnebas da azrebi ukve konkretul adamianebSi
warmoiSoba. amiT, rasakvirvelia, Zlierdeba adamianis Sinagani
Zalebi. misi „me“ mkveTrad gamodis wina planze. azrovnebis
sferoSi individualizaciis am process gansakuTrebiT mkveT-
ri xasiaTi hqonda dasavleTis sulier cxovrebaSi. aseTive mov-
lena aRiniSna aRmosavleTSic, magram maT Soris mainc arsebobs
garkveuli gansxvaveba.
dasavleTis sulier cxovrebaSi axleburi damokidebuleba
azrovnebis am formisadmi gansakuTrebiT mkveTrad gamoikveTa
Semdgom saukuneebSi Camoyalibebul iseT religiur, sulier
moZraobaSi, rogoricaa sqolastika. sqolastikosebi, romleb-
mac saerTod dasavleTis sulier ganviTarebas mniSvnelovani
kvali daamCnies, im periodSi ZiriTadad or nakadad iyofodnen.
eseni iyvnen: realistebi da nominalistebi. realistebi sqolas-
tikis is mimdinareobaa, romlis erT-erTi fuZemdebeli Toma
aqvineli iyo. realistebs ufro metad hqondaT SenarCunebuli
- 72 -
kavSiri miqaelis kosmosur gamgeblobasTan. isini ufro metad
inarCunebdnen kavSirs kosmosur azrovnebasTan da, miuxedavad
imisa, rom dasavleTSi Zalian intensiurad mimdinareobda in-
dividualizaciis procesi, isini mainc axerxebdnen azrovnebis
sferoSi miqaelisadmi erTgulebas — miqaeluri azrovnebis Se-
narCunebas. maTgan gansxvavebiT, nominalistebTan ufro metad
ikveTeba individualizaciis procesi. maT ufro metad aqvT
gancda imisa, rom azrebi maTi sakuTari monapovaria, azrebi
maT Tavis tvinSi gamomuSavdeba. SemdegSi dasavleTSi movlen-
ebi swored ise ganviTarda, rom, faqtobrivad, nominalisturi
ganwyobileba gabatonda da dRevandeli dasavluri material-
isturi kultura swored nominalisturi ganwyobilebidan aR-
mocenda.
analogiur movlenas adgili hqonda aRmosavleTSic, magram
garkveuli TaviseburebebiT. SeiZleba sqematurad gavadevnoT
Tvali, Tu rogor ganviTarda winare movlenebi, vidre Sua sau-
kuneebSi azrovnebis mimarT axali damokidebuleba Camoyalib-
deboda:
qristianobis pirvelive saukuneebidan mkveTrad gamo-
ikveTa erTi mniSvnelovani garemoeba: miuxedavad imisa, rom
qristianoba saqarTvelos saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadda
da saqarTveloSi intensiuri qristianuli cxovreba gaiSala,
qristianuli cxovrebis wesi da, saerTod, damokidebuleba
religiuri aRmsareblobis mimarT Zalian niSandoblivi Tvise-
bebiT gansxvavdeboda im droisTvis saberZneTSi gamefebuli
qristianuli, pirobiTad, klasikuri formisagan. saqarTvelo-
Si danergil da ganviTarebul qristianuli cxovrebis formas
gaaCnda Zalian mniSvnelovani Taviseburebebi im TvalsazrisiT,
rom aq sruli mowyveta bunebis Zalebisagan ar momxdara.
saberZneTSi sulieri cxovrebis aqcentebi Zalian mkveTrad
gadatanil iqna adamianis Sinagan bunebaze. aq naklebi yura-
dReba eqceoda kosmosisadmi Zvel mimarTebebs. saqarTveloSi
bunebisgan da kosmosuri Zalebisgan msgavsi mowyveta, praq-
tikulad, ar momxdara. aman gansakuTrebuli elferi mianiWa
saqarTveloSi qristianuli cxovrebis formas. amasTan dakav-
SirebiT Zalian xSirad xdeboda xolme garkveuli gaugebrobe-
bic qarTvel da berZen saeklesio moRvaweebs Soris. xSirad
qarTvel moRvaweebs akritikebdnen kidec imis gamo, rom aq
qristianul cxovrebas raRac gansxvavebuli niSnebi gaaCnda da
is mkveTr kavSirebs inarCunebda kosmosur ZalebTan. ukve me-4
- 73 -
saukunis movlenebidan, saqarTvelos gaqristianebis pirvelive
wlebidan, maSin, roca wminda nino moRvaweobs saqarTveloSi,
Tavad wminda ninos mier danergil qristianobis formaSi es
niSnebi sruliad naTlad ikveTeba. mogvianebiT ki mravali do-
kumenti arsebobs imis aRmniSvneli, rom bunebasTan qarTveli
qristianebis damokidebuleba raRac gansxvavebulia. magali-
Tad SeiZleba moviyvanoT erTi saintereso dokumenti, rome-
lic ivane javaxiSvilma gamoaqveyna. es aris antioqiis msoflio
saeklesio krebis Zeglisweris qarTuli Targmani, romelzec
boloSi miwerilia saeklesio krebaze gamoTqmuli erT-erTi
SeniSvna. krebis monawileebi aseT minawers akeTeben am doku-
mentze:
„eseca guesma qveyanasa somxiTisasa da qarTlisasa romel-
nime sumbul sarqiss msaxureben da romelnime macTurTa maT
saxlisa angelosTa uwoden da msaxureben saxel kerpTa da
romelni uCinoTa hmsaxureben sadaca saxlad, gina gare velTa,
anu sadac kldis pirTa, anu xeTa.“27
rogorc vxedavT, saeklesio krebis monawileebi qarTvel
qristianebs sayveduroben imis gamo, rom maT mWidro kavSirebi
gaaCniaT stiqiebTan. isini msaxureben saxlTangelozs, ese igi,
fuZis angelozs. rogorc iTqva, es msaxureba garkveuli do-
ziT saqarTveloSi dResacaa SenarCunebuli. yovel SemTxvevaSi,
me-20 saukunemde man ritualuri saxiTac ki moaRwia. saqar-
TveloSi Turme agreTve im Zalebs msaxureben, romlebic gam-
ovlenilia mindorSi, qarSi, kldeebSi, ese igi, stiqiebSi, aseve
xeebSi — xis sulebSi. saqarTveloSi amgvari damokidebulebac
didxans SemorCa. dResac vxvdebiT sakulto xeebs mniSvnelo-
vani qristianuli Zeglebis gverdiT.
dRevandeli tradiciis mixedviT, saqarTvelos yovel mxa-
reSi, es mindori iqneba, tye Tu xevi — yvelgan xdeba adgilis
dedis mokrZalebiT moxsenieba. am SemTxvevaSic, igulisxmeba
garkveuli sulieri arseba, romelic elementarul samyaros,
bunebis Zalebs ukavSirdeba. amgvari damokidebuleba arsebobda
ara mxolod xalxuri cnobierebis, aramed saeklesio moRvaweo-
bis donezec. sakmarisia ganvixiloT Tundac asureli mamebis,
an grigol xanZTelis moRvaweoba. Tanamedrove mkvlevrebsac
mravalgzis aRuniSnavT, rom maTi damokidebuleba bunebis Za-
lebis mimarT mkveTrad gansxvavebulia dasavluri damokideb-
ulebisagan. sruliad niSandoblivi faqtia, rom maTi sulieri
xilvebi mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli bunebis ZalebTan.
- 74 -
magaliTisTvis SeiZleba gavixsenoT ramdenime epizodi
asurel mamaTa cxovrebidan:
ioane zedaznelma monastris asagebi adgili gamocxade-
biT ixila. iq moRvaweobis Jams man daTvi moaTviniera, uwylo
adgilas locvis ZaliT wyali aRmoacena; anton martyofelTan
yovel saRamos midiodnen irmebi da TavianTi rZiT kvebavdnen
mas; analogiur istorias vxvdebiT daviT garejelis cxovreba-
Sic; ise wilknelma locvis ZaliT mdinares kalapoti Seucvala
da wilknis saydramde miiyvana igi; Sio mRvimels frinvelebi
uzidavdnen sazrdos. misi locviT mgelic ki moSinaurda da
monastris saxedrebs icavda.
saqarTveloSi moRvawe wmindanTa cxovrebaSi uamravi
analogiuri SemTxveva arsebobs. isini sulier moRvaweobas
awarmoeben im samyaroSi, romelSic igulisxmeba ara mxolod
zeciuri ierarqiebi, aramed sruliad konkretuli bunebis
Zalebi, elementaruli sulebi. maTi qristianuli cxovreba
swored am mTlianobas gulisxmobs.
sabolood es procesi Tavis kulminacias aRwevs iseTi
mniSvnelovani skolis CamoyalibebaSi, rogoricaa gelaTis
neoplatonuri akademia. es im drois, Sua saukuneebis sruli-
ad gansakuTrebuli movlenaa, romelic daviT aRmaSeneb-
lis xelSewyobiTa da iniciativiT iqmneba. aq sruliad gansa-
kuTrebuli damokidebuleba arsebobs bunebis Zalebis mimarT.
aq ar aris ugulvebelyofili bunebis Zalebi, elementaruli
samyaro, kosmosuri sxeulebi da maTgan momdinare suliereba.
amave dros, es yvelaferi Rrmad qristianuladaa gadaazre-
buli — qristianuli cxovrebis wesi ar auqmebs arc kosmosur
sxeulTa sulierebas da arc adamianis azrovnebis process.
aq azrovnebac sruliad axleburadaa warmodgenili. igi ukve
qristianobis samsaxurSia. azrovneba, faqtobrivad, komentars
ukeTebs qristianuli RvTismetyvelebis sxvadasxva dogmas. ge-
laTis akademias hyavs iseTi didi moZRvari, rogoricaa ioane
petriwi. ioane petriwis da misi skolis naazrevSi sruliad
naTladaa gamokveTili mcdeloba, rom SenarCunebul iqnas kav-
Siri samyarosTan, SenarCunebul iqnas samyaros movlenebisadmi
iseTi damokidebuleba, romelic kosmosur sibrZnes, kosmosur
azrovnebas Seesabameba. faqtobrivad, es aris miqaelis Zveli
memkvidreoba — miqaelis kosmosuri azrovnebis forma. am gage-
biT, gelaTis neoplatonuri skola Rrmad miqaeluri nakadia.
gelaTis akademiis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani Tavisebureba imaSi
- 75 -
mdgomareobda, rom aq dasavluri azrovnebisgan gansxvavebiT
ar moxda mowyveta antikuri samyaros sulieri monapovrebisa-
gan. imdroindel yvela sxva qristianul msoflmxedvelobaSi
praqtikulad gauqmebuli iyo saubari adamianze, rogorc mi-
wier arsebaze; bunebaze, rogorc garkveuli Zalebis miwier ga-
movlinebaze; zeciur mnaTobebsa da maTSi gacxadebul sulier
sawyisebze.
a. losevi aRniSnavda, rom ìs neoplatonizmic, romelsac
aRiarebdnen qarTuli aRorZinebis epoqis warmomadgenlebi —
ioane petriwi da rusTaveli — anTropocentrizmia, magram igi
ar anadgurebs bunebis batonobas, im bunebisa, romelsac eTay-
vaneboda antikuroba. diax, igi eTayvaneboda bunebas am varskv-
lavebiTurT, am varskvlaviani ciT da cadaqnilis swori moZ-
raobiT morWmul bunebas... anTropocentrizms aq ar mivyavarT
bunebis ganadgurebamde, rogorc es iyo dasavleTSi. buneba
aq mdidrdeba imis meoxebiT, rom adamiani masTan subieqtis
moTxovnilebebiT midis, imis meoxebiT, rom adamiani iqca im
pirovnebad, romelsac surs yvelaferi SeiZinos, yvelaferi
Taviseburad gadaakeTos. aq ar nadgurdeba buneba anda kos-
mosi, piriqiT, maRldeba interesi sulis, pirovnebis cxovre-
bisadmi, subieqtis cxovrebisadmi, subieqtisa, romelic TxemiT
ferxamde CarTulia am bunebaSi~.28
uTuod calke aRniSvnis Rirsia Sua saukuneebis saqarT-
veloSi aseve sruliad gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba as-
trologiis mimarT. gelaTis akademiaSi Zalze Semwynarebluri
damokidebulebaa Zveli astrologiis mimarT, aq Zalian Riadaa
saubari ciur mnaTobebze da im sulier Zalebze, romlebic
maTgan momdinareobs. esec TavisTavad imaze metyvelebs, rom
mimarTeba kosmosur ZalebTan aq aRiarebulia da Zalian Rrmad
aris Seswavlili. es ganwyobileba Semdeg periodSic, Tamaris
periodSic grZeldeba. magaliTad, Cven gvaqvs astrologiuri
traqtati, romelic daTariRebulia 1188 wliT da mas ewodeba
„etlTa da SvidTa mnaTobTaTvis“. etli Zveli terminia da gu-
lisxmobs zodiaqos. aq Zalian detaluradaa aRwerili zodi-
aqoebi, am zodiaqoebis dakavSireba sxvadasxva sulier Zaleb-
Tan, mociqulebTan. es aris Zalian Rrmad gaazrebuli astro-
logiuri traqtati, sadac agreTve saubaria adamianebis bedis-
werazec (zodiaqoebis mixedviT). es ar aris saero Txzuleba,
radgan is Setanilia iseT krebulSi, romelSic yvela danarCeni
teqsti saeklesioa da sasuliero pirebis mieraa Seqmnili. Ta-
- 76 -
vad am teqstSic yoveli zodiaqos daxasiaTeba iwyeba gamoTqmiT
„saxeliTa RmrTisaiTa~, rac, cxadia, avtoris religiur ganwyo-
bilebaze metyvelebs. saerTod, xelnawerTa institutSi dacu-
lia daaxloebiT 340-mde astrologiuri traqtati, romelTa
didi umravlesoba gamouqveynebeli da Seuswavlelia.29
qarTuli eklesiis damokidebuleba astrologiis mimarT
aseve naTlad Cans im ferwerul gamosaxulebebSi, romlebic
qarTul taZrebSia SemorCenili. magaliTad, Zalian mniSvnelo-
vani freskuli gamosaxulebaa sveticxovlis taZarSi, romel-
ic me-17 saukuneSia Sesrulebuli. masze sruliad garkveviT
gamosaxulia Tormeti zodiaqo Tavisi aRniSvnebiT da aseve
maTi Sesabamisi Tormeti mociquli. aseTive gamosaxuleba yo-
fila qaSueTis eklesiis gumbaTzec. es taZari me-18 sauku-
nis bolos kaTalikos-patriarq anton I-is locva-kurTxeviT
moixata. rogorc werilobiTi wyaroebi iuwyebian, qaSueTis
eklesiis gumbaTze Tormet samreklos Soris gamoxatuli iyo
Tormeti zodiaqo da maT Seesabameboda calkeuli Tveebi. yo-
vel zodiaqosTan mocemuli iyo Tormeti mociqulis saxelebi.
rogorc kaTalikos-patriarqi kalistrate cincaZe Tavis naS-
romSi aRniSnavs, iqve Tavad mociqulebic iyvnen gamosaxulni.
astrologiisadmi damokidebuleba aseve naTlad Cans XVIII
saukunis dasawyisSi (daaxloebiT 1705-1708 wlebSi) Sedgenil
dokumentSi — vaxtang VI-is „samarTlis wignTa krebulSi~. te-
qsti iuwyeba, rom „varskvlavTmricxvelni vincavin arian, wmi-
daTa mamaTa Sendoba misces misis swavlisaTvis, ara arian vi-
Tarca moguni, aramed, aswavlis yovelTa varskvlavTa da yov-
elsa etlsa Tormetsa TveTasa da SvidTa sartyelTa cisaTa,
romelTa cTomilad uwodT, missa siarulsa da simarjviT yof-
nasa missa, amas Sendoba-aqus, rome yovelTa viswavloT, rameTu
Tormeti etli da Svidni cTomilni varskvlavni brZanebiTa
RmrTisaiTa queyanisaTvin moqmedeben da ufloben queyanasa
zeda.~ 30
eklesiis mxridan Zveli astroligiisadmi Semwynarebluri
damokidebuleba swored imis niSania, rom saqarTvelos sulier
cxovrebaSi kosmosuri Zalebis mimarT klasikuri qristianuli
cxovrebis formisgan gansxvavebuli damokidebuleba arsebob-
da.
rogorc vTqviT, kosmosisadmi da, saerTod, gare samya-
rosadmi religiuri mimarTeba da misi qristianuli RvTisme-
tyvelebis CarCoebSi warmodgena niSandoblivad damaxasiaTe-
- 77 -
belia saqarTvelos religiuri cxovrebisTvis. es damokide-
buleba warmoadgens miqaelis memkvidreobas, miqaelis Zvel
memkvidreobas, rodesac igi kosmosuri azrovnebis gamgebeli
gaxldaT.
faqtobrivad, moxda ise, rom is Zveli antikuri ganwyo-
bileba, romelic mWidrod ukavSirdeboda bunebis movlenebs
da am movlenebSi gamovlenil sulierebas, gelaTis akademiaSi
sruliad axali, qristianuli formiT iqna aRorZinebuli. Tu
gelaTis akademiis am ganwyobilebas imdroindel qarTul cno-
bierebaSi arsebul wminda giorgis kultis uaRresad vrcel
masStabebTan erTad ganvixilavT, naTlad warmoCndeba, rom
swored amgvarad SeiZleba gaviazroT aRmosavleTis cnobiere-
baSi gabatonebuli is kosmosuri azrovneba, romlis marTvac
iyo miqaelis Zveli sulieri memkvidreoba. swored gelaTis
akademiis ideebSi namdvilad mZlavrad cocxlobdnen miqael-
uri Zalebi.
saqarTvelos teritoriaze jer kidev IV saukunidan daw-
yebul mniSvnelovan sulier moRvaweobaTa Sedegad es regioni
dacul iqna im intensiuri luciferuli da arimanuli zemoq-
medebisagan, romelic saerTod damaxasiaTebeli iyo aRniSnuli
epoqisTvis. mxolod amgvar pirobebSi gaxda SesaZlebeli, rom
qarTul sulier samyaroSi SenarCunebuliyo da qristianuli
saxiT gardaqmniliyo is Zveli miqaeluri ideebi, romlebic
jer kidev antikur samyaroSi delfos misteriebis saxiT gamov-
lindnen.
aseve SeiZleba paraleli gavataroT ioane petriwis pe-
riodidan daaxloebiT erTi saukunis mogvianebiT dasavleTSi
ganviTarebul Rrmad miqaelur moZraobasTan, romlis sulis-
Camdgmeli iyo sqolastikis udidesi warmomadgeneli Toma
aqvineli, magram im TaviseburebiT, rom misi moZRvreba aris
wmindad aristoteluri, is, faqtobrivad, axdens aristoteles
axlebur gadaazrebas. am moZraobisagan gansxvavebiT petri-
wis gelaTuri moZRvreba aris neoplatonuri, ese igi, plato-
nuri nakadis gagrZelebaa. mTlianobaSi Tu warmovidgenT am
ori nakadis erTobliobas, am or miqaelur nakads, isini ki
ar upirispirdebian erTmaneTs, aramed erTmaneTs avseben da
miqaeluri kosmosuri moZRvrebis erTi mTlianobis or mxares
qmnian. orives gaaCnia mkveTri mimarTeba miqaelis Zvel memkvi-
dreobasTan.
am periodSi evropuli civilizacia Tavisi ganviTare-
- 78 -
bis sruliad axal fazaSi Sedioda. faqtobrivad, es iyo is
mosamzadebeli periodi, romelic win uswrebda mniSvnelovan
epoqalur cvlilebas. berZnul-romauli kultura TandaTan
adgils uTmobda warRvnisSemdgom mexuTe, anu Tanamedrove
kulturas. Zveli sulieri terminologiiT am periods ewodeba
`meore dRe~. ese igi, `meore dRe~ aris is Sualeduri periodi,
roca warRvnisSemdgomi meoTxe kultura mexuTe kulturiT
icvleba — mze verZis zodiaqodan Tevzebis zodiaqoSi gad-
adis.
XI-XII saukuneebSi swored am axal epoqas eyreboda safuZ-
veli da es procesi Zalze mwvaved mimdinareobda.
dasavleTis sulieri cxovrebis am krizisul periodSi
mkveTrad aqtiurdebian rogorc luciferuli, aseve arimanuli
Zalebi. luciferuli zemoqmedeba cdilobda aramarTlzomi-
erad SeenarCunebina adamianTa xatovani warmodgenebis Zveli
formebi da moewyvita isini gare samyaros inteleqtualuri
aRqmis miswrafebisagan. arimanuli Zalebi ki piriqiT, cdi-
lobdnen daeCqarebinaT adamianis samSvinvelSi warmoSobili
miswrafeba gare samyaros Semecnebisaken. am gziT isini isedac
wonasworobadakargul kacobriobas suleTisgan mowyvetisken
ubiZgebdnen.
sakacobrio istoriis am etapze gadamwyveti aRmoCnda
dasavleTis sulieri cxovrebis wiaRSi ganviTarebuli is suli-
eri nakadi, romelic gamokveTilad miqaeluri xasiaTiT gamo-
irCeoda. mTavarangeloz miqaelis brZola kosmosur drakon-
Tan am epoqis centralur xatad mogvevlina.
rogorc irkveva, dasavleTis religiur cxovrebaSi miqae-
luri qristianobis damkvidreba SesaZlebeli gaxda im sulieri
impulsebis meSveobiT, romlebic jvarosanTa mier aRmosav-
leTSi iqna mopovebuli.
aRniSnul movlenas r. Staineri amgvarad axasiaTebs:
èvropis adamianuri samSvinvelebis mzardi urTierT-
dapirispirebisas gadamuSavebul iqna is sulieri impulsebi,
romlebmac Zveli msoflmxedvelobrivi ideebidan jvarosanTa
laSqrobebis gziT SeaRwia aRmosavleTidan dasavleTSi. am
ideebSi ki mZlavrad cocxlobdnen miqaeluri Zalebi. am mso-
flmxedvelobaSi batonobda kosmosuri inteligencia, romlis
marTvac iyo miqaelis Zveli sulieri memkvidreoba.~31
aRniSnuli mZlavri sulieri nakadi CrdiloeTidan samxre-
Tisaken moqmedebda mcire aziis teritoriaze da igi uerT-
- 79 -
deboda dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisken moZrav jvarosnul na-
kadebs.32
ramdenadac jvarosanTa mier aRmosavleTSi mopovebul
miqaelur impulsebs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba hqonia evropu-
li civilizaciis mwvave krizisis daZlevis saqmeSi, bunebri-
via, ibadeba kiTxva: aRmosavleTis romel miqaelur nakadzea aq
saubari?
XII saukuneSi jvarosnuli laSqrobebis gavrcelebis are-
alis Seswavla naTlad adasturebs, rom am arealSi Crdilo-
eTis mxridan mZlavrad zemoqmedebda miqaeluri suliskveTe-
biT ganmsWvaluli iseTi kultura, rogoric daviT aRmaSeneb-
lis droindeli saqarTvelo iyo. georgianuli qristianobis
is forma, romelic im droisTvis Tavisi gamovlinebis uaRre-
sad maRal safexurs aRwevs saqarTvelos sulier cxovrebaSi,
swored uSualo gamoxatulebaa aq damkvidrebuli qristianobis
miqaeluri xasiaTisa. georgianuli qristianoba igive miqael-
uri qristianobaa. miqaelis brZola kosmosur drakonTan, faq-
tobrivad, igivea, rac qristes brZola. miqaeli qristes Zalis
gamoxatulebaa. imdroindel saqarTveloSi es brZola swored
wminda giorgis drakonTan brZolis saxiT warmoisaxeboda. igi-
ve jansaRi Crdilouri nakadebi upirispirdebodnen Turquli
urdoebisTvis damaxasiaTebel negatiur sulier Zalebsac. XIII
saukunis Suidan aziidan momdinare luciferuli nakadebi kidev
ufro Zlierdebian da am procesSi monRoluri samyaro erTve-
ba. am periodSi CrdiloeTidan samxreTisaken moqmedi sulieri
nakadebi ukve rusuli samyarodanac momdinareobs, magram XII
saukunis dasawyisSi mcire aziaSi moqmed Crdilour nakadSi
mxolod kavkasiidan, anu ufro konkretulad, saqarTvelo-
dan momdinare impulsebi SeiZleba vigulisxmoT. miT umetes,
rom daviT aRmaSeneblis droindeli saqarTvelos urTierToba
jvarosnul moZraobasTan garegnuli istoriis Tvalsazrisi-
Tac aRiarebuli faqtia.
evropaSi Zalze mwvaved idga sakiTxi, Tu ra damokidebu-
leba hqonoda adamians, erTi mxriv, religiuri cxovrebis,
xolo, meore mxriv, azrovnebis mimarT da im tendenciebis mi-
marTac, romelic adamianSi TavisTavad arsebobda. adamianis
samSvinvelSi TavisTavad iyo miswrafeba azrovnebis individu-
alizaciisaken da adamianis azrovnebis Sinagani gamomuSavebi-
saken. jvarosnebis mier aRmosavleTSi mopovebuli miqaeluri
impulsebi Zalian mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs dasavleTis
- 80 -
Sexedulebebis Camoyalibebasa da krizisis daZlevis proces-
Si.
rogorc evropel jvarosanTa Canawerebidan irkveva, daviT
aRmaSenebels farTo kontaqtebi hqonia maT winamZRolebTan.
antioqiis samTavros kancler goties cnobiT, jvarosnebma
didgoris omSic ki miiRes monawileoba. brZolaSi orasamde
franki gamosula qarTvelTa mxareze.
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania ioane batoniSvilis mier
Tavis ìstoria qarTlisa~-Si aRniSnuli cnoba:
ìyo baldvoin ierusalimis mefed, romelmanca mravali Zle-
va miiRo saracinelTa anu arabTa zeda. da ese baldvoin movida
idumal qarTlsa Sina moTxrobisamebr sxvaTa istoriebTa.~33
marTalia, ar aris cnobili, romel sxva istoriebs eyrd-
noba ioane batoniSvili, magram es cnoba sruliad sarwmunod
gamoiyureba. daviT aRmaSeneblis mefobis periodSi ierusali-
mis mefe namdvilad balduini iyo da imdroindeli istoriuli
movlenebis Seswavlac naTlad adasturebs, rom daviT aRmaSen-
ebeli da balduini swored urTierTSeTanxmebulad moqmedeb-
dnen mahmadianTa koaliciis winaaRmdeg.
rogorc cnobilia, ierusalimis aRebis Semdeg palesti-
naSi daarsebul iqna ierusalimis samefo. 1118-1131 wlebSi am
samefos ganagebda jvarosnuli moZraobis erT-erTi yvelaze
TvalsaCino warmomadgeneli balduin II. swored misi mefobis
dasawyisSive 1119 wels Seiqmna tamplierebis ordeni. jvaro-
sanma berebma Camoayalibes ezoteruli gaerTianeba, romelmac
udidesi roli Seasrula evropis Semdgom sulier cxovrebaSi.
rodesac saubaria jvarosanTa mier aRmosavleTSi mopove-
buli miqaeluri impulsebis evropaSi Setanaze, amaSi, pirvel
rigSi, swored tamplierTa sulieri moRvaweoba igulisxmeba.
mniSvnelovania ioane batoniSvilis is cnobac, romelSic
iuwyeba, rom balduin II saqarTveloSi saidumlod Camosula
daviT aRmaSeneblis mier lores aRebis (1118 w.) meore wels.
es TariRi ki swored 1119 wels afiqsirebs. ese igi, tampli-
erebis ordenis Seqmnis welsve balduin II saidumlod Sexve-
dria daviT aRmaSenebels, xolo rogorc Semdgomi istoriuli
movlenebi adastureben, isini erToblivad moqmedeben mahma-
dianTa winaaRmdeg. 1120 wels daviTi farTomasStabian brZo-
lebs awarmoebs ilRazis mokavSire mahmadianTa teritoriebze.
mahmadianTa koaliciis xelmZRvaneli ilRazi iZulebulia ga-
dados ukve dasustebuli ierusalimis jvarosnuli samefos
- 81 -
aReba da saqarTvelosken gamoemarTos. gadamwyveti brZola
1121 wlis agvistoSi didgorTan gaimarTa. mahmadianTa koali-
cia ganadgurebul iqna, xolo Tavad daWrilma ilRazma Zlivs
gaaswro omis velidan. momdevno wels igi gardaicvala kidec.
didgoris gamarjvebas jvarosanTa mkveTri gaaqtiure-
ba mohyva. maT saSualeba miecaT ganemtkicebinaT TavianTi
poziciebi da ramdenime mniSvnelovani gamarjvebac moipoves.
marTalia, istoriulma qronikebma ZiriTadad brZolebis
amsaxveli fragmentebi Semoinaxes, magram ufro metad mniS-
vnelovania is cnobebi, romlebic imdroindeli aRmosavleTisa
da dasavleTis sulier urTierTobebze mianiSneben.
wminda giorgis kultTan dakavSirebuli rainduli insti-
tuti, cxadia, mniSvnelovania saero cxovrebis sferoSi. qris-
tianobisa da qveynis usafrTxoebis dacvas swored rainduli
suliskveTebiT aRzrdili adamianebi esaWiroeboda, magram,
vfiqrobT, am movlenas kidev ufro Rrma sulieri Sreebic
aqvs.
am TvalsazrisiT, wminda giorgis kultidan momdinare
rainduli ganwyobileba uSualod Tavsdeba im sulier nakad-
Si, romelic Crdilouri misteriebis raindul institutTanaa
dakavSirebuli.
am problemis TvalsaCinoebisaTvis SeiZleba gavixsenoT,
Tu ra niSandoblivi gansxvavebebi arsebobs samxreTul da
Crdilour misteriebs Soris, kerZod, am misteriebidan mom-
dinare xeldasxmis Taviseburebebs Soris.
es gansxvaveba gansakuTrebiT mkveTr, TiTqmis diametrul
xasiaTs atarebda egvipturi kulturis zeobis periodSi, roca
CrdiloeTSi keltur misteriebs ukve Camoyalibebuli saxe
hqondaT. samxreTul da Crdilour nakadebs Soris Semdgom-
Sic mniSvnelovani gansxvavebebi arsebobs, magram droTa ganma-
vlobaSi es sxvaoba TandaTan klebulobda da bevr aspeqtSi es
nakadebi kidevac Seerwya erTmaneTs.
samxreTuli, am SemTxvevaSi, egvipturi misteriebis um-
Tavresi Tavisebureba imaSi mdgomareobda, rom sulieri Wvre-
tis procesi aq gamokveTilad adamianis Sinagani bunebisken
orientaciiT xasiaTdeboda. xeldasxmis procesSi adamiani
cnobierad aRwevda Tavisive arsebis im qvesiRrmeebSi, rome-
lic Cveulebriv yofaSi aracnobieris sferos ganekuTvneba. am
dros xdeboda adamianis `me~-s erTgvari `gamkvriveba~, Tavisi
samSvinvelis SigniT mimarTuli koncentracia. ramdenadac im
- 82 -
periodSi adamianis `me~ gacilebiT didi doziT iyo midrekili
koleqtiuri, tomobrivi cnobierebisaken, xeldasxmis proces-
Si, faqtobrivad, swored am jgufuri cnobierebidan individu-
aluri `me~-s gamoTavisufleba xdeboda.
sruliad sapirispiro ganwyobileba sufevda Crdilour
misteriebSi. aq naklebad eqceoda yuradReba adamianis TviT-
CaRrmavebis problemas, piriqiT, mTeli yuradReba gadatanili
iyo adamianuri arsebis gareT mimdinare sulier procesebze.
adamianuri `me~ gamokveTilad gare samyaroze, gansulierebul
kosmosze iyo orientirebuli. igi miiswrafvoda im sulieri
ierarqiebisaken, romlebic mTel kosmoss msWvalavdnen da mis
arsebobas ganapirobebdnen. samxreTuli misteriebisagan gan-
sxvavebiT, am SemTxvevaSi adamianuri `me~ erTgvarad `gabnevis~
saSiSroebis winaSe idga. igi TiTqosda kosmosis yoveli mi-
marTulebiT miiswrafvoda da am `gabnevis~, erTgvari gaTqve-
fis Sedegad misi Sinagani Zalebi mkveTrad sustdeboda.
xeldasxmis msurvels rom garkveuli safexurisaTvis mieR-
wia, amisTvis sawyis etapze aucilebeli iyo misi `me~-s mkveTri
gaZliereba, saWiro iyo `me~-s damatebiTi Zalebis gamomuSaveba.
Crdilour misteriebSi es mosamzadebeli safexuri miiRweoda
iseTi adamianuri unaris gamomuSavebiT, rogoricaa simamace.
mowafis momzadeba, rac mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi grZelde-
boda, misi simamacis sxvadasxva saxiT gawvrTnasa da gamocdaSi
mdgomareobda. misteriebis am Sinagani aucileblobidan war-
moiSva is rainduli instituti, romlis garegnuli saxis Sesa-
xeb vrcladaa moTxrobili Sua saukuneebis evropul litera-
turaSi da romlis gadmonaSTebi dRevandlamdea SemorCenili
dasavleTis xalxis yofaSi. evropeli xalxis gansakuTrebuli
miswrafeba rainduli cxovrebisaken cnobierad, Tu aracnobi-
erad, swored sulieri ganviTarebis mosamzadebel safexurs
warmoadgenda.
misteriebis SigniT mosamzadebeli safexuris gavlis Sem-
deg mowafe ukve im safexurze imyofeboda, roca SeeZlo cno-
bieri mimarTeba hqonoda im elementarul samyarosTan, romlis
xilva Crdiloeli xalxebisTvis aracnobier safexurze, praq-
tikulad, Cveulebriv mdgomareobas warmoadgenda. aq aravisT-
vis iyo saidumlo, rom bunebis stiqiebSi realuri sulieri
arsebebi moqmedebdnen. am Cveulebrivi mdgomareobisgan gan-
sxvavebiT xeldasxmis maZiebeli cnobierad ganicdida bunebis
sulierebas. am gancdebis narCenebi dRemdea SemorCenili Sve-
- 83 -
deTis, norvegiisa da irlandiis xalxebSi.
aRniSnuli safexuris gavlis Semdeg mowafe uaxlovdeboda
sulieri ganviTarebis im dones, roca mas sakuTar arsSi unda
ganecada mTeli kacobriobis `me~. ramdenadac es gancda stiqi-
is Zalebze amaRlebas mosdevda, keltebi am sulier arsebas
aRiqvamdnen rogorc `stiqiebis meufes.~ faqtobrivad, es iyo
warmarTuli Crdilouri samyaros bundovani gancda qristes
arsebisa. arsebobda imis winaTgrZnobac, rom es arseba odesme
dedamiwaze movidoda.
Tu misteriebis mowafe warmatebiT SeZlebda elementa-
rul samyarosTan dakavSirebuli safexuris gavlas, igi ukve
axal arealSi xvdeboda. es movlena dasavlur gadmocemebSi
mocemulia iseT suraT-xatSi, rogoricaa gmiris gadasvla mdi-
naris meore napirze, sadac igi gardacvlilTa sulebs xvdeba.
am egreT wodebuli `gansawmendelis~ Semdeg mowafe sulieri
samyaros im sferoebSi Sedis, sadac igi maRali ierarqiuli
arsebebis meufebas ganicdis. mowafe aq grZnobs umaRles as-
tralur ZalTa harmoniul moqmedebas. mas gamoumuSavdeba pi-
radi gamocdileba imisa, rom es is Zalebia, romlebic adami-
anur sxeulSic moqmedeben da mis janmrTelobas gansazRvraven.
Zveli berZnebi am umaRles astralur Zalebs xatovnad gamosa-
xavdnen, rogorc òqros sawmiss.~ rogorc zemoTac iyo aRniS-
nuli, oqros sawmisis mopoveba am umaRles astralur ZalebTan
ziarebas gamosaxavda.
aqve SeiZleba gavixsenoT isic, rom berZnebi jer kidev
wminda giorgis arqetipSi, TavianT mziur gmir apolonSi Wvret-
dnen samxreTuli da Crdilouri sulieri nakadebis SeerTebis
perspeqtivas. apolonis samSoblo CrdiloeTSia da igi wlis
naxevars swored aq atarebs. wlis meore naxevarSi, gazafxu-
lidan Semodgomamde ki igi CrdiloeTis hiperboriis qveyni-
dan kvlav samxreTisaken miemarTeba da aq delfos misteriebis
kultmsaxurebaSi axali wliuri cikli iwyeba.
mogvianebiT, rodesac saqarTveloSi qristianuli mso-
flmxedveloba mkvidrdeba, Crdilouri da samxreTuli mis-
teriuli nakadebi uaRresad harmoniulad erTdebian wminda
giorgis suraT-xatSi. am droisTvis qristianobis gamavrce-
lebeli xalxebisaTvis saqarTvelo swored Crdilour qveynad
aRiqmeba.
saqarTvelos sulier cxovrebaSi mniSvnelovani adgili
ukavia iseT fenomensac, rogoricaa tolerantoba — damokide-
- 84 -
buleba sxva erebisa da sxva religiebis mimarT. aseve SeiZleba
SevamCnioT, rom saqarTvelos religiur cxovrebaSi es moti-
vi Zalze mkveTrad vlindeba swored wminda giorgis kultSi.
mravalgzis aRniSnulia is faqti, rom wminda giorgis wamebisa
da aRdgomis istoria moTxrobilia yuranis komentarebSi da
sxvadasxva mahmadianur wminda werilebSi. mahmadianuri samyaro
kargad icnobs wminda giorgis cxovrebis versiebs.
saqarTveloSi, kerZod xevsureTSi, xaxmatSi arsebobs wmin-
da giorgis salocavi, romelsac ewodeba rjulianTa da ur-
juloTa salocavi. am salocavSi SeuZliaT ilocon rogorc
qristianebma, aseve mahmadianebma. orive aRmsareblobis warmo-
madgenlebs eZlevaT msxverplis Sewirvis ufleba. es aris qris-
tianebisa da mahmadianebis saerTo salocavi.
analogiuri damokidebuleba arsebobs dedofliswyaros
raionSi arsebul wminda giorgis salocavSic.
Zvel teqstebSi naTlad dasturdeba, rom Zvelad saqarT-
veloSi wminda giorgi warmoedginaT ara mxolod qristianTa
mxsnelad da mkurnalad, aramed sxva rjulis warmomadgenlebis
mfarveladac miiCnevdnen. SeiZleba gavixsenoT erT-erTi leq-
si, romelSic swored am motivebzea saubari da miTiTebulia,
rom wminda giorgi, romelic qristianul samyaroSi miRebu-
lia rogorc didi mkurnali, aseve mkurnalia araqristianebis-
Tvisac. leqsi, sadac saubaria wminda giorgis damokidebule-
baze sxva erisa da religiis warmomadgenelTa mimarT, sakmaod
vrceli teqstia da Seqmnilia XVI saukuneSi saeklesio moR-
vawis, sadgeris wminda giorgis eklesiis winamZRvris svimeon
dekanozis mier. mas ewodeba „qebaY sadgeris wmida giorgisa~.
SeiZleba moviyvanoT mcire monakveTi am vrceli sasuliero
teqstidan, sadac Zalze naTladaa warmodgenili, Tu rogor
esmiT qarTvel saeklesio moRvaweebs wminda giorgis damokide-
buleba sxva erebisa da religiuri aRmsareblobis mimarT:
qebaY sadgeris wmida giorgisa
.....
aq aRiSene, mkurnalo, sadgurad es taZaria,
yovelTa TemTa gaiTqua Sen saswaulTa zaria,
cis kideTamdis aq movlen, sadac ars xmelT samzRuaria,
TurqTa, sparsTa da arabTa gamarTes aq bazaria.
- 85 -
xma gaismis, mowameo, Seni oxi yovlgniT Wvirsa,
yovlgniT ismis qeba Seni cis kidemdis zRvisa pirsa,
aqa movlen keTrovanni, seni mZafri raca sWirsa,
mxiarulad wavlen Sina, Sen gankurnav yovlsa Wirsa.
yoveli sjuli aq movlen sparsTa da arabebisa,

legeonTagan pyrobilni, Sensa karzeda gebisa,
yovlTa mixudebis wyaloba Senganve gankurnebisa,
maT Temsa mivlen, saxeli Seni mun ididebisa.
.....
rogorc vxedavT, am fragmentSi wminga giorgi warmod-

genilia ara mxolod qristianTa, aramed TurqTa, sparsTa da
arabTa Temebis mkurnaladac. maTdami damokidebuleba Zalze
Semwynarebluria.
- 86 -
Tavi III
Tanadrouli epoqis anarekli

`vefxistyaosanSi”
§ 1. epoqis sulieri problemebis asaxva

`vefxistyaosanSi~
garda imisa, rom rusTvelis `vefxistyaosani~ udidesi

mxatvruli nawarmoebia, dReisaTvis ukve aRar aris sakamaTo
is azric, rom igi Rrmad alegoriuli xasiaTisaa. jer kidev
mari brose SeniSnavda, rom `vefxistyaosnis~ fabulis agebule-
bas da saerTod poemis mTel kompozicias Rrma ideuri safuZ-
veli aqvs, TiToeuli gmiri alegoriulad ganasaxierebs rame
ideas.1
poemis Semdgomma kvlevam es azri mTlianad daadastura.
bunebrivia, rusTveli poemaSi dasmuli sakiTxebis ganxil-
visas upirveles yovlisa Tavisi epoqisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
sulieri problemebidan amodis. es problemebi umTavresad
alegoriul suraT-xatebSia mocemuli.
amjerad gvinda swored am TvalsazrisiT ganvixiloT po-
emis zogierTi motivi.
poemis dasawyisSive, arabeTisa da indoeTis samefo karze
warmoSobili problemebis dasaxviT, faqtobrivad, alegoriul
enazea gadmocemuli rusTvelis epoqis is krizisuli mdgo-
mareoba, rac imdroindeli civilizebuli samyarosTvis iyo
damaxasiaTebeli.
rogorc zemoTac iyo aRniSnuli, sulier samyaroSi mimdina-
re cvlilebebi mwvaved aisaxa miwier yofaSic. gansakuTrebiT
dasavleTis sulier cxovrebaSi aSkarad gamoikveTa ori erT-
maneTisagan diametrulad gansxvavebuli krizisuli mdgo-
mareoba. sawyisTa ierarqiidan momdinare sulieri impulsebi,
romlebic adamianTa azrovnebiTi SesaZleblobebis aqtivobas
iwvevdnen, marTalia, epoqis marTlzomier tendenciebs Seesa-
bamebodnen, magram maTma radikalurma gamovlinebam adamianTa
- 87 -
didi jgufebi mkveTrad mowyvita sulieri samyaros tradiciul
gancdebs da maTi yuradReba fizikuri samyarosken mimarTa.
amgvari sulieri inspiraciisadmi yvelaze ufro gamokveTili
midrekileba arabulma samyarom gamoamJRavna. arabul eqspansi-
asTan erTad es axali azrovnebiTi unarebi swrafad gavrcelda
dasavleTSi da sulier da fizikur samyaroebTan mimarTebis
sruliad axali formebi daamkvidra.
arabeTis samefo karis aRwerisas rusTveli amgvar suraT-
xatebs gvTavazobs:
arabTa mefe rostevani daberda da samefo taxtze mis ad-
gils misi erTaderTi asuli TinaTini ikavebs. amave samefo
karze mniSvnelovan pirovnebas warmoadgens avTandili, rome-
lic didad gamoirCeva Tavisi rainduli TvisebebiT.
warmodgenil gmirTa saxelebis etimologia naTlad war-
moaCens arabeTiT simbolizebuli sakacobrio mdgomareo-
bis xasiaTs. gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom rostevanis saxeli
momdinareobs avesturi Zirebisgan (raoða - `sxeuli~ da tahma
_ `mZlavri~)2, rac mTlianobaSi SeiZleba gavigoT rogorc
`Zlieri sxeulebriobaSi.~ am gagebiT arabTa mefis rostevanis
saxeli Zalze zustad gamosaxavs sulieri mdgomareobis im
formas, romelic ZiriTadad arabulma samyarom daamkvidra.
es azrovnebiTi forma ZiriTadad swored sxeulebriobis Se-
mecnebisken iyo mimarTuli da am sferoSi didi warmatebebic
hqonda.
rostevani Zlieria sxeulebrivi (materialuri) samyaros
Semecnebis sferoSi, magram misi mdgomareoba mainc krizisu-
lia. mefe daberda da aRar Seswevs Zala qveynis Semdgomi mar-
TvisaTvis.
swored amgvari suraTia XII saukunis civilizebul samya-
roSi. marTalia, arabulma azrovnebam garkveuli progresuli
tendenciebi daamkvidra, magram sulieri samyarosgan mkveTri
mowyvetis Sedegad Rrma krizisul mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda.
dasavlur cnobierebaSi man, praqtikulad, amowura Tavisi Se-
saZleblobebi. realur, istoriul planSic am periodSi dasav-
leTSi aqtiurdeba brZola arabuli azrovnebiTi formebis
winaaRmdeg. arabebis mier evropaSi Setanili aristotelizmi
mkacr kritikas ganicdis da sabolood Toma aqvinelisa da,
saerTod, sqolastikosebis moRvaweobis Sedegad aristote-
lizmi arabizmisagan Tavisufldeba.
moxuci mefis taxtis gadarCenis erTaderTi SesaZlebloba
- 88 -
imaSia, rom misi adgili TinaTinma daikavos. am saxelis etimo-
logiac sakmaod damajerebladaa Seswavlili. TinaTini ganasa-
xierebs im aTinaTs, romelic RvTaebrivi sibrZnisgan momdi-
nareobs. berZnuli warmodgeniT, RvTaebrivi sibrZne ukavSir-
deba aTinas, xolo qarTuli sityva aTinaTi gamosaxavs sinaTlis
areklil gamosaxulebas, ese igi, RvTaebrivi naTelis arekvlas
adamianis azrovnebaSi.
arabeTis taxtze TinaTinis asvliT SesaZlebeli xdeba
materialuri samyaros SemecnebasTan erTad yuradReba gada-
tanil iqnas sulieri samyaroskenac. suleTidan momdinare na-
Teli ukve materiiT damZimebul samyaroSic irekleba. swored
am etapze ikveTeba arabuli samyaros umTavresi problemac
— TiTqosda TinaTinis gamefebiT mowesrigebul samefo karze
gaCnda axali problema — maT saufloSi gamoCnda ucxo moyme.
moxuci mefe Tormet monas gzavnis misi vinaobis gasarkvevad.
ese igi, Zveli arabuli sibrZne mTeli Tavisi savseobiT, Tavisi
Tormetive aspeqtiT cdilobs warmoSobili problemis garkve-
vas, magram es SesaZleblobebi ar aRmoCndeba sakmarisi. ucxo
moyme ise gaqra rostevanisTvis cnobili samyarodan, rom masSi
kvalic ki ar dautovebia:
`hgvanda qvesknels CaZromilsa anu zecad anafrensa;

eZebdes da ver hpovebdes kvalsa misgan wanarbensa.~
ramdenadac rostevanis azrovnebiTi SesaZleblobebi sxe-

ulebrivi samyaroTi Semoifargleba, misTvis amouxsnelia
sakiTxi: àris igi yma Sobili, Tu uSobeli.~
warumatebeli Ziebis Semdeg moxuci mefe egueba im azrs,
rom SesaZlebelia es sakiTxi gaurkveveli darCes, radgan igi
aRemateba misi cnobierebis SesaZleblobebs, magram taxtis axa-
li mpyrobeli, TinaTini, ar Cerdeba ucxo moymis materialur
sferoSi moZebnis safexurze. igi darwmunebulia, rom miznis
misaRwevad sulierebis ufro maRali donea saWiro, rac mxo-
lod rwmenis gziT SeiZleba iqnas mopovebuli. materialur
yofaSi Caketili samyaros (rostevani) krizisis daZlevisTvis
RvTaebrivi sibrZnis anarekli (TinaTini) poulobs ganaxlebis
gzas, rac mxolod rwmenis gaRrmavebis gziT SeiZleba iqnas
miRweuli. TinaTini ucxo moymis mosaZebnad avTandils gza-
vnis.
avTandilis saxelis etimologia mianiSnebs, rom igi
- 89 -
swored rwmenasTan dakavSirebuli Tvisebebis personifikacias
warmoadgens (àvTandili”—sarwmunoebis burji, sarwmunoebis
kera).3
niSandoblivia xatovani miniSneba ucxo moymis Ziebis ad-
gilTan dakavSirebiT. rostevanis Zieba moicavs xmeleTs:
`moasxnes kacni, gagzavnnes oTxTave cisa kideTa.~
ese igi, Zieba mTel xmeleTze, cis kideebamde warmoebda.

ukan dabrunebuli monebi imaves aRniSnaven:
`monaTa hkadres: `mefeo, Cven xmelni moviareniT,

magram ver vpoveT igi yma, miT vera gavixareniT. . .~
avTandilis gagzavnisas TinaTini SesamCnevad cvlis aqcen-

tebs da cisken miuTiTebs mas:
`Sen genukev monaxvasa, kidiT kide molaxo ca.~
amave dros iqve, TiTqosda moulodnelad, ucxo moymis mo-

naxva Sedarebulia negatiuri sulieri Zalis damarcxebasTan:
`Sengan Cemi siyvaruli amiT ufro gaamyare,

rome damxsna SeWirveba, eSma bilwi asapyare. . .~
es Sedareba uaRresad zustia, radgan, rogorc aRvniSneT,

sazogadoebriv cnobierebaSi warmoSobili disharmoniis Sede-
gad negatiuri sulieri Zalebi intensiurad Caerivnen sakacob-
rio cxovrebis mdinarebaSi. faqtobrivad, avTandilisTvis
miTiTebuli gza misi iniciaciis gzas warmoadgens. am gzaze
ki aucilebeli safexuria negatiuri Zalebisgan warmoqmnili
winaaRmdegobebis daZleva.
advilad SevamCnevT, rom avTandilis iniciaciis gzaze,
romelic jer kidev rostevanTan erTad nadirobiT iwyeba, igi
mudmivad inarCunebs fxizel gonebriv mdgomareobas. Tina-
Tinis siyvaruliT inspirirebuli samwliani mogzauroba, ucxo
moymis Zieba da mTeli Semdgomi movlenebi swored simboluri
gamoxatulebaa avTandilis sulieri mdgomareobis TandaTano-
biT amaRlebisa. avTandili, rogorc arabuli cnobierebis ma-
tarebeli, TiTqosda qvemodan zemoT, sagnobrivi cnobierebi-
- 90 -
dan gansulierebuli cnobierebisaken miiswrafvis da, rogorc
qvemoT vnaxavT, Tavisi iniciaciis sakvanZo etaps qajeTis cixis
aRebisas aRwevs. saboloo miznis miRweva ki arabeTSi gamefe-
biTa da TinaTinTan qorwinebiT aRiniSneba.
rusTvelis mier warmosaxul indoeTis samefo karze ara-
beTisgan didad gansxvavebul suraTs vxvdebiT. marTalia, am
SemTxvevaSic moxuci mefis taxtis datovebis sakiTxia wina plan-
ze, magram am garemoSi warmoqmnili problemebis xasiaTi mkve-
Trad gansxvavebulia. indoeTis samefo Svidi nawilisgan Sedgeba.
eqvs nawils ganagebs farsadani, xolo meSvides — saridani.
farsadanis saxelis etimologiac adasturebs, rom igi
ganasaxierebs Zvel sibrZnes (misi saxeli sparsulad niSnavs
`brZenTagans~).
poemaSi naTlad ikveTeba samefo karze warmoSobili krizi-
suli mdgomareoba. farsadanis erTaderTi asulis nestan-
darejanis colad SesarTavad da indoeTis taxtze asasvlelad
xvarazmSas Svils iwveven. Tavad nestan-darejani mcdarad mi-
iCnevs am nabijs da imedi aqvs, rom indoeTis taxtis gadarCena
mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba, Tuki masTan erTad taxtze ava
saridanis vaJi — tarieli.
sparsTagan indoeTis dasacavad tarieli nestan-darejanis
miTiTebiT malulad klavs ucxoel sasiZos da Tavad acxadebs
pretenzias indoeTis samefo taxtze.
indoeTis samefo karze Cadenil mkvlelobas mZime Sedegebi
mosdevs, rac farsadanis dis, davaris xelSewyobiT, nestan-
darejanis dakargviT mTavrdeba. yvelaze naTlad swored da-
varis saxeSi vlindeba indoeTiT simbolizebuli Zveli cno-
bierebis krizisuli mdgomareoba.
z. gamsaxurdia Zalze zustad axasiaTebs am mdgomareobis
Taviseburebebs:
`cnobierebis pirvandeli mdgomareoba, romelic Zvel na-
Telxilvaze, aracnobierze iyo damyarebuli, axal etapze ukve
TandaTan arakanonzomieri, negatiuri xdeba, vinaidan mas ar
gaaCnia is sifxizle gonebisa da cnobisa, romelic sWirdeba
axal Semecnebas, axal etaps. amis gamo igi winaaRmdegobas uwevs
axals, individualizebuls, adamianis moazrovne me-dan gamom-
dinare sibrZnes. . . . amitom am sibrZnes sul ufro euflebian
negatiuri arsebebi, romelnic cdiloben kacobriobis codnisa
da Semecnebis gayinvas Zvel etapebze, ebrZvian axals, kanon-
zomiers. vefxistyaosanSi amgvari negatiuri Zalebis personi-
- 91 -
fikaciaa qajeTi, romelTanac aris dakavSirebuli davari, Savi
magiis es adepti.~4
rogorc poemidan irkveva, davars didi gavlena aqvs samefo
karze. imis garda, rom igi mefis daa, amave dros nestan-dare-
janis gamzrdeladac moixsenieba.
indoeTis samefo karis aRniSnuli krizisuli mdgomareoba
uaRresad zustad gamoxatavs rusTvelis epoqis sazogadoebriv
cxovrebaSi gamefebul im meore nakads, romelzedac zemoT ukve
iyo saubari. adamianTa is jgufebi, romelTa inspiraciac jer
kidev sulieri samyaros Zveli, aramarTlzomieri sferoebidan
momdinareobda, swored amgvari problemebis winaSe idgnen. maTi
aracnobieri, atavisturi naTelxilviTi Tvisebebi farTod uRe-
bdnen kars negatiuri sulieri arsebebis moqmedebas.
indoeTis samefos Zveli dideba darRveulia (cxadia, ar
igulisxmeba istoriuli indoeTi). nestan-darejani qajTa-
ganaa gatacebuli (adamianis samSvinvels demonuri arsebebi
dauflebian). samefos gadarCenisa da nestan-darejanis dax-
snisaTvis axali gzebis Ziebaa saWiro. tarieli swored is
gmiria, romelic am rTuli amocanis gadawyvetas itvirTebs.
Seqmnili sulieri mdgomareobis xasiaTi kidev ufro naT-
lad ikveTeba iseTi sakiTxis ganxilvisas, rogoricaa tarielis
iniciaciis problema.
§ 2. tarielis iniciaciis problema `vefxistyaosanSi~
poemis kvlevam naTlad warmoaCina, rom mTeli poema gaaz-

rebulia, rogorc adamianis Sinagan arsebaSi mimdinare erTi
mTliani procesi, romelic emsaxureba adamianis miswrafebas
RvTisaken, mis sulier amaRlebas. es procesi mocemulia ara
mxolod zogad mxatvrul planSi, aramed gaTvaliswinebiT yve-
la im niSnisa, rac sazogadod damaxasiaTebelia saRmrTo ini-
ciaciisaTvis, ganRmrTobis gzaze Semdgari adamianis xeldas-
xmis yvela saWiro safexuris gaTvaliswinebiT.
poemis umTavresi amosavali ideac swored es aris — adami-
anis miswrafeba RvTisaken.
ramdenadac rusTveli alegoriuli saxeebiT gvTavazobs
saRmrTo iniciaciis mTel gzas, albaT sainteresoa gavarkvi-
oT, iniciaciis ra formas gulisxmobs igi.
- 92 -
xeldasxmis meTodologia jer kidev uZveles misteriul
skolebSia damuSavebuli. droTa ganmavlobaSi, Sesabamisad im
cvlilebebisa, rac xdeboda, erTi mxriv, Tavad adamianSi da,
meore mxriv, am adamianisa da sulieri samyaros urTierTmi-
marTebaSi, es meTodologiac garkveul cvlilebebs ganicdi-
da. yovel istoriul epoqaSi xeldasxmis problemas Sesabamisi
gadawyveta gaaCnda.
mokled gavixsenoT xeldasxmis zogadi principebi da is
Taviseburebebi, riTac gansxvavdeba qristianuli iniciacia
xeldasxmis qristianobamdeli formebisagan.
uZveles misteriul skolebSi xeldasxmis procesi xangr-
Zlivi drois ganmavlobaSi grZeldeboda da igi sulieri sam-
yaros Semecnebis msurvelisagan did Zalisxmevas moiTxovda.
xeldasxmis sawyis safexurs egreT wodebuli `ganwmenda~
warmoadgenda. xeldasxmis am safexurs xSirad `kaTarzissac~
uwodeben. mis mizans warmoadgens samSvinvelis imgvari gardaq-
mna, romlis Sedegadac masSi warmoiqmneba axali, sulieri sam-
yaros SemecnebisTvis saWiro organoebi.5 `ganwmendis~ procesi
mxolod savarjiSoebiT ar Semoifargleboda. igi gulisxmobda
cxovrebis garkveul wess, adamianis moraluri saxis daxvewas,
rac aseve zemoqmedebda axali organoebis Camoyalibebaze.
xeldasxmis Semdgom safexurs warmoadgenda `gasxivosne-
ba.~ `gasxivosnebis~ safexurze adamians uviTardeboda unari,
`ganwmendisas~ gamomuSavebuli organoebis saSualebiT aReqva
sulieri samyaros saxeebi; magram es aRqma jer kidev dabal
safexurze xdeboda da misTvis sulieri samyaro xat-saxeebSi
warmodgeboda. adamiani xedavda ara uSualod sulier arse-
bebs, aramed maT xat-saxeebs.
amas mosdevda kidev axali Tvisebebis gamomuSaveba, romlis
Sedegadac adamians uviTardeboda egreT wodebuli sulieri
smena, anu `sferoTa musikis~ aRqmis unari. sulieri samyaros
garkveuli sferoebi misTvis ixsnebodnen rogorc musikaluri
JReradoba. aq sityva musika uaRresad pirobiTi terminia da
ar SeiZleba pirdapiri analogiis gatareba im musikasTan, ra-
sac adamiani Cveulebrivi, fizikuri yuriT ismens. xeldasxmaSi
igulisxmeba sulieri smenis gamomuSaveba da fizikur smenas-
Tan dakavSirebuli terminebi mxolod uaRresad uxeSi miniSne-
baa namdvil arsze.
am safexurebis warmodgenisaTvis arsebobs erTi xatovani
Sedareba:
- 93 -
warmovidginoT, rom vdgavarT fardasTan da fardis ukan
raRac xdeba. `gasxivosnebis~ pirvel safexurze Cven mxolod
raRac Crdilebs davinaxavT fardaze da rom gavarkvioT Tu
ra xdeba fardis miRma, mxolod is SegviZlia, rom fardaze
gamosaxuli Crdilebi SevusabamoT CvenTvis yoveldRiur
cxovrebaSi nacnob sagnebs, an arsebebs, magaliTad, romelime
Crdilovani gamosaxuleba mivamsgavsoT xars, arwivs, an raime
geometriul figuras. am sagnebsa da arsebebze garkveuli cod-
nis Sesabamisad, SeiZleba raRac azri Camogviyalibdes fardis
miRmieri movlenebis Sesaxeb. amgvari SedarebiT SeiZleba war-
movidginoT `gasxivosnebis~ pirveli safexuri — anu sulieri
samyaros xedva xat-saxeebSi.
`gasxivosnebis~ Semdgom safexurze adamians uviTardeba
unari fardis miRmidan isminos garkveuli bgerebis JRerado-
bac, rac aseve raRac damatebiT informacias iZleva sulieri
samyaros movlenebis Sesaxeb.
kidev erTi safexuriT win waweuli mowafisTvis ki dgeba is
Jamic, rodesac sulier samyarosgan gamyofi farda gadaixsneba
da igi sulieri xedviT xedavs uSualod sulier arsebebs, xolo
Semdeg am samyaroSi mimdinare procesebs. fardis gadaxsnas-
Tan dakavSirebulia mowafis gamocdis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani
safexuri, romelsac Zveli misteriebis enaze `cecxliT gamoc-
da~ ewodeboda. grZnobadi Wvretisgan gansxvavebiT, `sulieri
wvisas~ mowafe xedavs sagnebisa da movlenebis namdvil sulier
arss, gaSiSvlebuls grZnobadi samyaros saburvelisagan.
TavisTavad xeldasxmis safexurebis amgvari gadmocemac
uaRresad daaxloebiTi simboloebiTaa warmodgenili, magram
es is simboloebia, romlebic aRebulia Cveulebrivi, grZnoba-
di samyarosaTvis damaxasiaTebeli leqsikidan da ase Tu ise
mianiSneben realurad mimdinare procesebze.
ase rom, `ganwmendis~ Semdeg adamiani pirvelad aRiqvams
xat-saxeebs, rogorc sulieri samyaros simbolur gamosaxule-
bebs, Semdeg sferoTa harmonias, da bolos, Tavad sulier ar-
sebaTa samyaros. swored xeldasxmis amgvari safexurebis gavla
igulisxmeboda jer kidev uZveles misteriul skolebSi, magram
iyo kidev erTi movlena, rac aucilebel elements warmoadgen-
da xeldasxmis procesSi. esaa leTargiuli Zili, anu adamianis
miyvana naxevrad mkvdris mdgomareobamde.
zemoT naxsenebi axali organoebis warmoSoba ar iyo sak-
marisi piroba sulieri samyaros srulyofili aRqmisTvis.
- 94 -
aucilebeli iyo suleTis saxeebis aRbeWdva adamianuri arse-
bis ufro Rrma SreebSi. am miznis miRweva uZveles misteriebSi
swored leTargiuli Zilis daxmarebiT xdeboda. xeldasxmis
msurveli garkveuli momzadebis Semdeg gadahyavdaT sruliad
gansakuTrebul mdgomareobaSi, romelsac SeiZleba erTgvari
miaxloebiT klinikuri sikvdili SevadaroT. sasicocxlo Za-
lebis didi nawili tovebda fizikur sxeuls da mowafe miiy-
vaneboda im mdgomareobamde, romelic mciredRa gansxvavdebo-
da namdvili sikvdilisagan. igi am mdgomareobaSi imyofeboda
samnaxevari dRis ganmavlobaSi. es dro iyo saWiro imisTvis,
rom mis samSvinvelSi momxdariyo saWiro gardaqmnebi, ris Sem-
degac mas naTelxilvis unari uviTardeboda.
leTargiuli Zili misteriebis enaze ganasaxierebda
sikvdilis samyaroSi Sesvlas da amqveyniur yofaSi sikvdilis
gamocdilebiT dabrunebas.
xeldasxmis es forma, romelic uZvelesi epoqebidan iRebs
saTaves, TandaTan winaaRmdegobaSi aRmoCnda realobasTan. ada-
mianis konstilaciis cvlilebis gamo ukve aRar iyo advili ada-
mianis sxeulidan sasicocxlo Zalebis uxifaTo gamoyvana. xolo
golgoTis movlenebis Semdeg, roca macxovari mTeli kacobrio-
bis codvebisaTvis jvars ecva da Tavad ganmsWvala dedamiwa,
roca Tavad Cavida sikvdilis samyaroSi da mkvdreTiT aRmdgari
cad amaRlda, ukve mkveTrad Seicvala damokidebuleba xeldas-
xmis Zveli meTodebisadmi. xeldasxmis procesSi leTargiuli
Zilis gamoyeneba ukve ganvlil etaps warmoadgenda kacobrio-
bis istoriaSi. axal eraSi man mTlianad dakarga funqcia da wina
planze gamovida iniciaciis axali gza — qristianuli iniciacia.
xeldasxmis es formac, marTalia, sulieri samyarosken Tanda-
TanobiT safexurebriv zesvlas moiTxovs, magram aq ukve metadaa
gamokveTili adamianis Tavisufali neba da aRar aris daSvebuli
iseTi mkveTri Careva mis samSvinvelSi, rogorc es leTargiu-
li Zilis dros xdeboda. faqtobrivad, qristianuli iniciacia
gamoricxavs mowafis amgvar aracnobier mdgomareobas. sifxi-
zle erT-erT mniSvnelovan faqtorad iqca iniciaciis gzaze.
iseTi rTuli sakiTxi, rogoricaa saerTod iniciaciis da
konkretulad misi qristianuli formis sakiTxi, Cven Segnebu-
lad Zalze sqematuri saxiT gadmoveciT. amis mizezi ki isaa,
rom `vefxistyaosanSi~ aRwerili iniciaciis mTeli procesis
ganxilvas ki ar vapirebT, aramed gvinda vaCvenoT, rom poemis
erT-erT epizodSi swored uaRresad lakoniuri saxiTaa gad-
- 95 -
mocemuli saRmrTo iniciaciis ZiriTadi idea, rac Semdeg po-
emis teqstSi gaSlili saxiT sxvadasxva alegoriuli formiTaa
damuSavebuli. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs poemis erT-erTi Tavi —
àmbavi tarielis gamijnurebisa, pirvel rom gamijnurda.~
ukve saTaurive migvaniSnebs, rom aq saubaria mijnurobis
dasawyisze, anu Tu mijnurobis alegoriaSi vigulisxmebT mis
sulier Sinaarss, am TavSi garkveuli unda iyos sakiTxi, Tu
rogor iwyebs tarieli Tavis iniciacias — siyvarulis gzas
RvTisaken.
vfiqrobT, aRniSnul TavSi amgvari iniciaciis gza moce-
mulia swored im sqemis mixedviT, romelzedac zemoT mogax-
seneT da romelic ZiriTadad swored am saxiT iyo cnobili
yvela misteriuli skolisaTvis. amdenad, gasakviric araferia,
Tu rusTvelis rangis moazrovne zedmiwevniT kargad icnobda
mas.
pirvelive strofSi irkveva, rom indoeTis mefe da tari-
eli erTad midian sanadirod. swored maSin mefe SesTavazebs
tariels, rom naxon nestan-darejani:
`dResa erTsa me da mefe movidodiT, gvenadira;

mibrZana, Tu: `qali vnaxoT,~ xeli xelsa damiWira.~
rogorc vxedavT, pirvelsave strofSi mocemulia ori

niSandoblivi simbolo — `nadiroba~ da qalis sanaxavad was-
vla.
nadirobasTan dakavSirebiT, cxadia, TvalSi sacemia pirda-
piri paraleli manamdis moTxrobil epizodTan, sadac avTandi-
li da mefe rostevani sanadirod midian. aqve SeiZleba isic ga-
vixsenoT, rom poemis kidev erTma gmirma fridonmac pirvelad
swored nadirobisas ixila nestan-darejani.
nadirobis alegoria ukavSirdeba xeldasxmis pirvel safe-
xurs. yvela xalxebis jer kidev miTosur azrovnebaSi nadiro-
bis alegoria mianiSnebs adamianis sulSi mimdinare ganwmendis
process — kaTarziss. nadiroba — es aris adamianis brZola
sakuTari vnebebisa da instinqtebis dasaufleblad. sxvadasxva
mxecebi simbolurad swored adamianur vnebebsa da instinqtebs
ganasaxiereben. amitomacaa, rom `vefxistyaosnis~ samive gmiri
Tavis saRmrTo iniciaciis gzas nadirobiT iwyebs.
moyvanili citatis mixedviT, swored tarielisa da far-
sadan mefis nadirobis Jams gamoikveTa kidec ZiriTadi mi-
- 96 -
marTuleba nadirobiT dawyebuli simbolizebuli gzisa — mefe
qalis sanaxavad iwvevs tariels.
meore strofSi kidev ufro Rrmavdeba tarielis inicia-
ciis problema da gveuwyeba, rom iniciaciis pirvel safexurze
erT-erT umTavres amocanas warmoadgens adamianis valis gacno-
biereba. valis cnebac uaRresad zedmiwevniTaa damuSavebuli
rogorc bevr winareqristianul religiur moZRvrebaSi, aseve
qristologiaSic. erT-erTi umTavresi qristianuli locvac,
`mamao Cvenoc~, xom gvaswavlis, rom valis gadaxda erT-erTi
Semadgeneli safexuria RmerTisaken miswrafebis gzaze. `mamao
Cvenos~ Svidi vedrebidan erT-erTi swored Tananadebis, anu
valis mitevebas, valis gadaxdas Seexeba. qristianuli eklesiis
mamebis ganmartebiT, TananadebSi igulisxmeba adamianuri cod-
vebi da swored codvaTa mitevebis Txovnas Seicavs es vedreba:
`da momiteven Cuen Tananadebni Cuenni.~6
adamianuri codva, cxadia, uaRresad farTo speqtrs
moicavs, magram qristianul simbolikaSi `valis~ cneba Sedare-
biT dakonkretebulia da igulisxmeba adamianis mier Cadenili
is codvebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia mis `movaleobasTan~,
mis urTierTobebTan garemomcvel sazogadoebasTan, adamianur
yofasTan. maTi mitevebisaTvis mcdeloba, anu `sawuTros va-
lis~ gadaxdac swored adamianis samSvinvelis daxvewilobiske-
naa mimarTuli. es procesi ki swored xeldasxmis sawyisi safe-
xurisaTvis, `ganwmendisTvisaa~ damaxasiaTebeli. miT umetes,
rom poemaSi miTiTebulia, rom valis gadaxda, anu codvaTa
gamosyidvis procesi mxolod axla daiwyo tarielma. rogorc
tarieli ambobs, swored qalis sanaxavad wasvlis win gadaw-
yvetilebis miRebas mosdevs valis problemis gacnobiereba:
`gamovuxven da wavediT Cemad sadeblad alisa;

maSin daviwye gardaxda me sawuTrosa valisa.~
rogorc vxedavT, aRniSnuli Tavis pirvel or strofSive

mocemulia is ZiriTadi atributebi, romlebic simbolurad
gansazRvraven xeldasxmis pirvel safexurs — `kaTarziss.~
`nadiroba~, ZiriTadi miznis, qalis naxvis survilis garkveva,
`sawuTros valis~ gadaxdis dawyeba swored is umTavresi niS-
nebia, rac damaxasiaTebelia xeldasxmis sawyisi safexurisaT-
vis — `ganwmendisaTvis,~ anu `kaTarzisisTvis.~
rogorc iniciaciis safexurebis aRwerisas iyo naCvenebi,
- 97 -
`ganwmendas~ mosdevs `gasxivosnebis~ is safexuri, sadac adami-
ani iwyebs sulieri samyaros xedvas xat-saxeebSi, roca igi jer
kidev uSualod ver amyarebs urTierTobas sulier arsebebTan
da mxolod maT xatovan gamosaxulebebs aRiqvams.
Tu Cven mier gamoTqmuli mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom gan-
saxilvel TavSi swored iniciaciis procesis Sesaxebaa saubari,
sworia, maSin, cxadia, uTuod unda iyos miniSneba am safexuris
Sesaxebac. marTlac, ukve mesame strofi amgvarad JRers:
`baRCa vnaxe uturfesi yovlisave salxinosa;

mfrinvelTagan xma ismoda uamesi sirinosa;
mraval iyo sarajebi vardis wylisa abanosa,
karsa zeda mohfarvida fardagebi oqsinosa.~
am strofis Sesaxeb marTebuladaa aRniSnuli, rom `nestan-

darejanis baRi edemis yofis gansaxierebaa.~7
swored edemSi, adamianis sulier samSobloSi SeRwevaa
dasaxuli tarielis uzenaes miznad. magram mocemul etapze igi
jer mzad ar aris araTu masSi SesaRwevad, aramed misi namdvili
arsis WvretisTvisac. misTvis edemi jer kidev mZime fardiTaa
dafaruli (`karsa zeda mohfarvida fardagebi oqsinosa~), ami-
tomac tarieli ar Sedis baRSi, aramed Soridan, fardis miRma
cdilobs mis Wvretas:
`vicodi, swadda arvisgan naxva mis mzisa darisa,

me gare vdeg da mefeman Sevlo fardagi karisa.~
farsadani edemis karTan tovebs am nabijisaTvis moumzade-

bel tariels.
tarielis umTavresi mizani mxolod baRis naxva, an masSi
SeRweva ki ara, aramed baRSi myof nestan-darejanTan ziarebaa.
nestan-darejani ki àr aris qveynad~ (n. marisa da i. abulaZis
ganmartebiT, nesT andare jehan niSnavs àr aris qveynad~). igi
sulier samyarosTan ziarebis uzenaesi gamoxatulebaa, misi
transcendentaluri saxis alegoriuli gansaxierebaa. swored
amitomac, igi mzesTanaa Sedarebuli. nestan-darejani sulieri
samyaros mzea da misi Wvreta iniciaciis saWiro safexuramde
miRwevis gareSe SeuZlebelia.
swored imave strofSi miniSnebulia iniciaciis Semdgomi
safexuris Sesaxeb, ese igi, im safexuris Sesaxeb, rodesac ada-
- 98 -
mians uviTardeba `sferoTa harmoniis~ gancda, anu sulieri
samyaros smeniTi aRqmis unari. Tumca am etapzedac uSualo
xilvisaTvis igi dafarulia da kvlav mxolod xat-saxeebSi war-
modgeba:
`me gare vdeg da mefeman Sevlo fardagi karisa;

veras vxedavdi, oden xma mesmoda saubarisa.~
diax, swored sulieri samyaros smena warmoadgens ini-

ciaciis Semdgom safexurs. sulieri samyaros smeniTi aRqmis
procesis dawyeba jer kidev wina strofSi iyo dafiqsirebu-
li, roca edemis simboluri formiT warmodgenisas naTqvami
iyo, rom `mfrinvelTagan xma ismoda uamesi sirinosa,~ magram
aq ukve mocemulia kidev ufro maRali safexuri sulieri sam-
yaros smeniTi gancdisa. tariels ukve xma esmis saubarisa. ese
igi, am xmaSi tarieli ufro mets arkvevs, radgan edemis xmo-
vanebas ukve sityvebadac aRiqvams.
iniciaciis gzaze Semdgom zesvlas Sedegad unda mohyves
im fardis aweva, romelic sulier samyaros jer kidev faravs
misi mWvretelisagan da misi sulieri mzerisaTvis WeSmariti
saxiT unda warmosdges igi. rusTvelic yovelgvari mravalsi-
tyvaobis gareSe gvauwyebs amis Sesaxeb da ganxilul strofs
pirdapir mosdevs uwyeba, rom
àsmaT fardagsa azidna, gare vdeg mofardagulsa;

qalsa Sevxeden, laxvari meca cnobasa da gulsa.
movida, mivscne durajni, mTxova cecxliTa dagulsa.

vame, mas aqeT saxmilsa davuwvav niadagulsa!”
tarielis winaSe swored WeSmariti saxiT warmodga sulieri

mze — nestan-darejani. magram tarieli jer kidev ar iyo mzad
aseTi maRali sulieri safexurebisadmi ziarebisaTvis. nestan-
darejanis xilvas mosdevs misi bneda:
`daveci, davbndi, wamixda Zali mxarTa da mklavisa.~
amiT Cven mivadeqiT iniciaciis im sakvanZo sakiTxs,

romelzedac zemoTac iyo saubari — xeldasxmisas leTargiuli
Zilis meTodikis gamoyenebas. poemis teqstSi rom swored le-
- 99 -
Targiul Zilzea saubari, amas momdevno strofebic adasture-
ben. pirdapiraa miTiTebuli, rom tarielis bnediTi yofa sam
dRes gagrZelda. swored sam dRes grZeldeboda leTargiuli
Zili uZveles misteriul skolebSic.
`sam dRemdis viyav usulod, cecxli uSretni mwvidian.~
rogorc vxedavT, fardis gadaxsnas bnedis garda uSreti

cecxliT wvac Tan axlavs, rac, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT,
swored sulier arsTa namdvili saxiT xilvas ukavSirdeboda
da rasac `cecxliT gamocda~ ewodeboda.
aqve isicaa miTiTebuli, rom es ar iyo raime daavadeba,
radgan
àqimnica ikvirvebdnen: èse seni ragvaria?

samkurnalo ara sWirs ra, sevda rame Semohyria.~
Tavad am bnediT mdgomareobaSi Sesvlis procesis gadmo-

cemisas rusTveli Zalze saintereso alegoriul formas iZle-
va. rogorc cnobilia, jer kidev uZveles misteriul warmod-
genebSi sikvdilis karibWis gavla da sulier samyaroSi SeR-
weva simbolurad warmoidgineboda rogorc mdinareze naviT
gadasvla (an ufro zogadad — mogzauroba wylebze). amgvari
suraT-xatebiT Zalze mdidaria rogorc berZnuli miTosuri
samyaro, aseve egvipturi da winaaziuri religiuri warmodge-
nebi (magaliTad, odisevsis mogzauroba qvesknelSi, egvipturi
warmodgenebi — ozirisis samsjavroze mkvdris naviT gadayva-
na mdinareze da sxva. mogvianebiT dantec igive suraT-xatebs
iZleva Tavis `RvTaebriv komediaSi~).
ase rom, mdinareze naviT gadasvla yvela xalxebis uZveles
religiur warmodgenebSi swored sikvdilis karibWiT sulier
samyaroSi SeRwevas ganasaxierebs. ramdenadac tarielis sam-
dRiani bnediTi sikvdilic swored imave procesis gamomxat-
velia, rusTveli swored am cnobil xats gvTavazobs rogorc
simbolur saxes:
`daveci, davbndi, wamixda Zali mxarTa da mklavisa,

ra sulad move, Semesma xma tirilisa da visa:
gare momrtmodes jalabni, viTa Camsxdomni navisa.~
- 100 -
rogorc naTqvami iyo, amgvari naxevrad mkvdris mdgomare-
obidan dabrunebuli adamianis samSvinvelSi ukve seriozuli
cvlilebebia momxdari da igi samdRiani sikvdilidan sulieri
samyaros garkveuli gamocdilebiT brundeba. momdevnove
strofSi swored amis Sesaxeb gveuwyeba:
`samsa dResa darbazs viyav ar cocxali, arca mkvdari;

merme cnoba momivida, mivxvdi rasme miumxvdari.~
rogorc vxedavT, samdRiani sikvdilidan tarieli axlad

SeZenili codniT dabrunda. igi mixvda raRac iseTs, rac ma-
namde cnobili ar iyo misTvis. am periodSi tarielma indi-
vidualuri gancdiT SeiZina sulieri samyaros gamocdileba.
man uSualod gaacnobiera, Tu ra sxvaobaa nivTier samyaroSi
yofnasa da sulier samyaros Soris. swored nestan-darejanis
xilviT dabnedis ambis Txrobisas tarieli amgvar SeniSvnas
akeTebs:
`mindobni sawuTrosani misTa nivTTagan rCebian,

iSveben, magra umuxTlod bolod ver mourCebian:
vaqeb Wkuasa brZenTasa, romelni eurCebian . . . “
rogorc vxedavT, am xilvisas tarielis erT-erTi umTavre-

si gamocdileba imaSi gamoixateba, rom adamianma upiratesoba
unda mianiWos sulier cxovrebas, brZeni unda eurCebodes
nivTieri, grZnobadi samyarosgan momdinare cTunebebs.
marTlac, rusTveli kvlav saocari lakoniurobiT gvauw-
yebs, Tu ra axali gancdiT brundeba tarieli samdRiani bnedi-
Ti mdgomareobidan:
`samsa dResa darbazs viyav ar cocxali, arca mkvdari;

merme cnoba momivida, mivxvdi rasme miumxvdari;
vTqvi, Tu: `hai, raSigan var me sicocxle-gardamxdari!”
Tmoba vsTxove Semoqmedsa, vhkadre sityva samudari.
vTqvi, Tu `RmerTo, nu gamwirav, aja Cemi Seismine,
momec Zali daTmobisa, cotad viTa aRmadgine,
aqa yofa gamamJRavnebs, saxlsa Cemsa mimawvine!”
tarieli nivTieri samyarosagan ganTavisuflebas SesTxovs

ufals. man naTlad dainaxa Tavisi sulieri samSoblo, ris erT-
- 101 -
gvar xatovan formad am epizodSi mocemulia `sakuTari sax-
lis~ alegoria (`saxlsa Cemsa mimawvine~).
aqve tarielis sulieri mdgomareoba kidev erTi simboluri
StrixiT zustdeba. axlad gons mosuli tarieli cxenze Sej-
domas moisurvebs:
`me movaxsene: `patrono, guli aw ukve mrTelia;

cxensa Sejdoma mwadian, vnaxne wyalni da velia.~
cxenze jdoma swored simboluri gamoxatulebaa adamianis

sulieri mdgomareobis garkveuli safexurisa. am safexurze
adamiani ukve srulad flobs sakuTar grZnobad samyaros. igi
ukve Tavisufalia vnebebisa da survilebis tyveobisagan.
amave strofSi SemTxveviT ar aris dafiqsirebuli, rom
cxenze mjdomi tarieli da mefe farsadani gverdigverd midian
(`cxeni momgvares, Se-ca-vjeq, mefe CemTana mvlelia~). es miniS-
neba arkvevs, rom sikvdilgamovlili tarieli Tavisi sulieri
simaRliT gauTanabrda farsadan mefis safexurs. manamdis xom
edemTan misuli tarieli gareT datova farsadanma da Tavad
marto Sevida fardis miRma. samdRiani bnedis Semdeg ki far-
sadanisa da tarielis urTierTmimarTeba ukve gansxvavebulia.
isini ukve gverdigverd miaWeneben cxenebs. xolo rac Seexeba
`sakuTari saxlis~, anu sulieri samSoblos gancdis proble-
mas, aq ukve rolebi aSkarad Secvlilia. Tu dasawyisSi farsa-
danma edemis karTan datova tarieli da TviTon marto Sevida,
amjerad piriqiT xdeba. farsadanma `saxlis~ karamde miacila
tarieli, xolo saxlSi mxolod tarieli Sevida:
`cxeni momgvares, Se-ca-vjeq, mefe CemTana mvlelia.

`gamovediT, moviareT moedans da wylisa pirsa;
Cemsa mive, davabrunve, mefe momyva saxlTa Zirsa.~
rogorc irkveva, tarielis Semdgomi sulieri amaRlebis

gzaze ukve aRar aris sakmarisi is sulieri safexuri, romelze-
dac moxuci mefe imyofeba.
sainteresoa imis garkvevac, mainc ra safexuri igulisxmeba
am SemTxvevaSi, ra sulier safexurzea farsadani.
am sakiTxis garkvevaSi swored farsadanis saxelis eti-
mologiis Seswavla gvexmareba. i. abulaZis gamokvlevis mixed-
viT, sityva `farsadan~ sparsulad niSnavs `brZenTagans.~
- 102 -
cxenze mjdomi tarieli swored `sibrZnis~ ganmasaxierebeli
mefis gverdiT dgeba, magram irkveva, rom es Zveli sibrZne ukve
aRar aris sakmarisi nestan-darejanTan miaxlebisaTvis. farsa-
dani moxuci mefea, igi ukve warsulia da tarielma axali gza
unda moZebnos sulieri samyarosaken — nestan-darejanisaken.
sagonebelSi Cavardnil tariels Tavad uzenaesi arseba mi-
aniSnebs am axali gzis Sesaxeb.
swored aq dgeba is momenti, roca poemis avtori arkvevs
damokidebulebas winareqristianul da qristianul inicia-
ciebs Soris, roca xazgasmiTaa miniSnebuli, rom sulieri
samyarosken mimavali Zveli gza, romelic gulisxmobda adami-
anis aracnobier, xelovnur gavlas sikvdilis saufloSi, ukve
moZvelebulia da am gziT veRar miiRweva uzenaesi mizani.
Cven SeiZleba bevri visaubroT mTel rig urTules niuanse-
bze, rac winareqristianul da qristianul iniciaciis formebs
asxvavebs erTmaneTisgan, magram, albaT, warmoudgenelia ufro
lakoniurad da, rac mTavaria, zustad iqnas gadmocemuli es
sxvaoba, rasac rusTveli sul oriod striqonSi atevs:
`bediTi bneda, sikvdili ra mijnuroba ggonia?

sjobs sayvarelsa uCvenne saqmebi sagmironia!”
swored am pasuxs iRebs tarieli nestan-darejanisagan.

masSi SeiZleba vigulisxmoT sulieri samyarodan tari-
elisadmi gzis miniSneba, pasuxi iniciaciasTan dakavSirebul
urTules kiTxvaze: riT gansxvavdeba axali drois qristianu-
li xeldasxma winareqristianuli xeldasxmisagan?
Zveli xeldasxmis ZiriTad naklad swored bnediTi, anu
aracnobier mdgomareobaSi mimdinare sulieri procesebia mox-
senebuli. nestan-darejanis damokidebuleba amgvari procese-
bisadmi mkveTrad uaryofiTia. RmerTisken swrafvis msurvels,
tariels xsnili aqvs gza sulieri samyarosaken da mas mieTiTe-
ba kidec am gzis mimarTulebaze:
`me Seni var, nu mohkvdebi, magra bneda cudi mZulsa.~
bnediTi movlena, anu sikvdilis mdgomareobis miRweva

iniciaciis procesSi ukve ganvlili etapia. WeSmariti gza su-
lieri samyarosken siyvaruliT inspirirebuli sagmiro saqmee-
biTaa simbolizebuli. xolo yoveli sagmiro saqme, Tavis mxriv,
- 103 -
ganRmrTobis gzaze Semdgari adamianis sulieri mdgomareobis
sxvadasxva safexurs afiqsirebs.
rac Seexeba iniciaciis, RmerTisaken miswrafebis gadmo-
cemas, igi swored umTavresi ideaa `vefxistyaosnisa~ da am
iniciaciis alegoriul formad mijnurobaa dasaxuli — siy-
varuli, rogorc gza RmerTisaken. xolo safexurebrivi ze-
svla mijnurobiT simbolizebul ganRmrTobis gzaze aseve sim-
bolizebulia sagmiro saqmeebis aRsrulebiT. poemis gmirTa
umTavresi miznis miRwevamde, nestan-darejanis qajeTis cixi-
dan gamoxsnamde, misi maZiebeli gmirebi gadian iniciaciis sxva-
dasxva safexurs, simbolizebuls swored sagmiro saqmeebiT,
riTac isini SemZlebelni xdebian umTavresi miznis miRwevisa
— saRmrTo sibrZnesTan ziarebisa. maTi yoveli sagmiro saqme
ki swored siyvaruliTaa inspirirebuli. siyvaruli Tavad
RmerTTanaa identificirebuli, rac, sazogadod, qristianuli
msoflmxedvelobis erT-erT qvakuTxedsac warmoadgens. ioane
maxarebelic xom gvaswavlis, rom `siyvaruli ars RmerTi.~8
nestan-darejanis mosapoveblad tariels rTuli gamocdis
gavla uxdeba. igi safexurebrivad maRldeba im sulier simaR-
lemde, roca Rirsi xdeba sulieri samyaros uzenaes arsebasTan
ziarebisa.
amgvarad, ganxilul epizodSi rusTveli uaRresad lako-
niurad gadmoscems konceftualur damokidebulebas iseTi
sakiTxis mimarT, rogoricaa adamianis Sedgoma ganRmrTobis
gzaze, saRmrTo iniciacia da aqve simbolur saxeebSi arkvevs
axali drois qristianuli iniciaciis damokidebulebas wina-
reqristianuli iniciaciis formasTan. xolo Semdeg poemis
teqstSi es Tema ufro detaluradaa gaSlili da aseve sim-
bolur saxeebSia gadmocemuli.
ramdenadac Cveni saubari teqstis konkretul epizods
Seexeboda, aqve gvinda gamovTqvaT mosazreba erTi strofis
Sesaxeb, romelic swored am epizods ukavSirdeba da xSirad
azrTa did sxvadasxvaobas iwvevs.
im epizodSi, sadac nestan-darejanis pirvelad xilvisas
tarieli gonebas kargavs da sami dRis ganmavlobaSi ugrZno-
bladaa, naTqvamia, rom eqimebma ver gaarkvies misi bnedis mize-
zi, magram iqve isicaa moxsenebuli, rom eqimTa garda mis mo-
brunebas cdilobdnen `srulni muyrni da mulimni~. amave dros
maT xelSi `musafi~ eWiraT da gonwasuls ukiTxavdnen. ese
igi, islamuri religiis moZRvarni gonwasul tariels yurans
- 104 -
ukiTxavdnen:9
`srulni muyrni da mulimni me gare Semomcvidian;
maT xelTa hqondaT musafi, yovelni ikiTxvidian.~
marTalia, rusTvelis epoqaSi islamuri religiis gav-

lena indoeTis teritoriaze sakmaod sagrZnobi iyo, magram,
vfiqrobT, saeWvo araa, rom am epizodSi avtors sulac ara
aqvs miznad dasaxuli, realur, istoriul planSi gvimtkicos
indoeTis samefo karze oficialur religiur aRmsareblobas
islami warmoadgenso. aRniSnul epizods sruliad sxva azro-
brivi datvirTva unda hqondes. amis pasuxs iZleva igive stro-
fis gagrZeleba, sadac naTqvamia, rom islamuri religiis msa-
xurnic ver erkvevian im movlenaSi, rac tarielis bnedasTanaa
dakavSirebuli:
`srulni muyrni da mulimni me gare Semomcvidian;

maT xelTa hqondaT musafi, yovelni ikiTxvidian;
mter-dacemuli vegone, ar vici ras Cmaxvidian.
sam dRemdis viyav usulod, cecxlni uSretni mwvidian.~
islami namdvilad ar icnobs xeldasxmis warmodgenil

formas. ramdenadac islami, rogorc religiuri aRmsareblo-
ba, qristianobis Semdgom Seiqmna, bunebrivia, igi kidev ufro
metadaa dacilebuli im epoqidan, romelTan mimarTebaSic
qristianoba arkvevda sulieri samyarosken mimaval gzebs. (es
SeniSvna gansakuTrebiT Seexeba islamis tradiciul formas da
ara misi ezoteruli moZRvrebidan amozrdil sufizms).
ase rom, gansaxilvel epizodSi naCvenebia, rom tradiciu-
li, egzoteruli islami uZluria Caswvdes maT winaSe arsebul
movlenas.
rusTvelma xazgasmiT daafiqsira, rom xeldasxmis is for-
ma, romelzedac saubaria aRniSnul epizodSi da romelsac igi
gvTavazobs poemis gmirTa uzenaesi miznis miRwevis gzad, ar
aris arc islamuri. xolo mas Semdeg, rac nestan-darejanis
pasuxSi zustdeba am xeldasxmis saxe, irkveva, rom winareqris-
tianuli iniciaciis forma ukve moZvelebulia da poemis gmir-
Ta miznis miRweva, uzenaes sulier arsebasTan ziareba SesaZle-
belia mxolod xeldasxmis axali formiT, qristianuli inicia-
ciis gziT.
- 105 -
§ 3. gvelismbrZolis idea `vefxistyaosanSi”
ramdenadac saqarTvelos istoriuli misia gansaxilveli

epoqis ZiriTadi problemebis gadawyvetaSi umTavresad misi
sulieri cxovrebis miqaeluri, anu georgianuli xasiaTiT gani-
sazRvra, albaT saWiroa calke SevexoT wminda giorgis kultis
gamovlinebas `vefxistyaosanSi~.
XII saukunis saqarTveloSi wminda giorgis kultma uaR-
resad farTo masStabebs miaRwia. sruliad bunebrivia, rom
`vefxistyaosanSi~, sadac saocari siRrmiT moxda imdroindeli
epoqis sulieri cxovrebis asaxva, wminda giorgis kultic mniS-
vnelovan adgils daikavebda.
vfiqrobT, rusTvelis mier poemaSi Seqmnili warmosaxviTi
sivrce, sadac movlenebi viTardeba, sruliad gamokveTilad sam
planSia mocemuli. sayovelTaod miRebuli uZvelesi tradici-
is mixedviT, samyaros es sami nawili moazrebulia rogorc
skneli, qveskneli da zeskneli. rusTveli sruliad xazgasmiT
mianiSnebs, rom poemaSi mocemuli movlenebi viTardeba konkre-
tulad grZnobad samyaroSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom gadataniTi
mniSvnelobiT aq gacilebiT farTo masStabebi igulisxmeba.
magaliTad, saRmrTo siyvarulic ki, romelic umTavresi sa-
gania poemisa, simbolurad miwieri, xorcieli siyvaruliTaa
gamosaxuli.
rusTvelis mier poemis moqmedebis arenis amgvarma gaazre-
bam bunebrivad gamoiwvia isic, rom negatiuri sulieri Zalebic
aseve xazgasmulad xorcieli saxiT warmoedgina. amitomac
igi azustebs, rom am SemTxvevaSi qajebi xorcieli arsebebia.
avTandili amgvari kiTxviT mimarTavs fatmans:
`magra saqme qajeTisa gamagone ufro mrTelad,

qaji yvela uxorcoa, raman Seqmna xorcielad?”
pasuxad fatmani uxsnis, rom am SemTxvevaSi saubaria qa-

jebze, rogorc adamianur, xorciel arsebebze. mniSvnelovania
fatmanis mier mocemuli qajTa daxasiaTeba, sadac igi mianiS-
nebs, rom qajebis, anu negatiuri sulieri arsebebis Zalmosile-
ba gamovlenilia elementarul samyaroSi, ese igi, im grZnobad
samyaroSi, romelic ganxorcielebulia oTxi elementiT, oTxi
stiqiiT (miwa, wyali, haeri, cecxli). maTi grZneuleba swored
- 106 -
am stiqiebSi vlindeba:
`fatman uTxra: `momismine, marTla gxedav manda mkrTalsa,

ar qajnia, kacniao, mindobian kldesa salsa . . .
iqman rasme sakvirvelsa, mtersa Tvalsa daubrmoben,
qarTa aRsZrven saSinelTa, navsa zRva-zRva daamxoben,
viTa xmelsa gairbenen wyalsa, wmidad daaSroben,
swaddes — dResa bnelad iqman, swaddes — bnelsa anaToben.~
warmodgenil epizodSi naTqvamia, rom qajebis Zalmosile-

ba oTxive stiqiaze vrceldeba. isini mindobili arian `kldesa
salsa~, rac am SemTxvevaSi `miwis~ stiqiaze mianiSnebs. aqve mi-
eTiTeba, rom igive qajebi batonoben `haeris~ stiqiaSic. isini
`qarTa aRsZvren saSinelTa~. `wylis~ stiqiaze xmeleTiviT da-
iarebian da SeuZliaT wylis daSrobac da navebis zRva-zRva
damxobac. qajebi `cecxlis~ Zalebsac floben: `swaddes—dResa
bnelad iqman, swaddes — bnelsa anaToben.~ am SemTxvevaSi `cec-
xlis~ stiqia sinaTliTaa gamosaxuli, rac sruliad miRebuli
Sesatyvisia.
rogorc vxedavT, rusTvelma Tavis gmirTa moqmedebis are-
ali xelovnurad daiyvana miwier masStabebamde, Tumca ki war-
modgenili miwieri saxeebis miRma uaRresad Rrma sulieri xate-
bi igulveba. am SemTxvevaSi, rogorc pozitiur, aseve negatiur
sulier arsebaTa gamovlena gamosaxulia oTxi elementiT, anu
oTxi stiqiiT ganxorcielebul qveyniur samyaroSi, romelic,
Tavis mxriv, sivrcobrivad sami nawilisgan Sedgeba. pirobiTad
fizikur planamde dayvanili sivrcis es sami nawili ufro far-
To gagebiT sknelis, qvesknelisa da zesknelis gamomsaxvelia.
am sami skneliT mocemul samyaroSi gabatonebulan qa-
jebi, anu negatiuri sulieri Zalebi. nestan-darejani, rome-
lic ganasaxierebs uzenaes sulier arsebas, Tavisi bunebiT ar
aris wilnayari grZnobad samyarosTan (àr aris qveynad~).10 igi
zegrZnobadi arsebaa, magram amsofliur yofaSi qajTa tyve-
obaSi imyofeba, ese igi, es sulieri arseba datyvevebulia
swored oTxi stiqiiT ganxorcielebul samyaroSi da poemis
mziur gmirTa mizanic swored nestan-darejanis qajeTidan, anu
qvena samyarodan ganTavisuflebaa. es qvena samyaro rom swored
negatiuri sulieri ZalebiT ganmsWvaluli elementaruli sam-
yaroa, anu oTxi elementisgan ganxorcielebuli samyaroa, naT-
lad mieTiTeba poemaSi. qajeTis cixeSi datyvevebuli nestan-
- 107 -
darejanis vedreba amgvarad JRers:
`RmerTsa Semvedre, nuTu kvla damxsnas soflisa Sromasa,

cecxlsa, wyalsa da miwasa, haerTa Tana Zromasa;
momces frTebi da avfrinde, mivxvde mas Cemsa ndomasa,
dRisiT da RamiT vxedvide mzisa elvaTa krTomasa.~
rogorc vxedavT, amsofliuri tvirTisgan ganTavisufleba

warmodgenilia rogorc oTxi stiqiisgan ganTavisufleba, ris
Semdegac suli mziani Ramis sauflos SeerTvis, RmerTis ziari
xdeba.
rogorc cnobilia, is negatiuri Zalebi, romlebic ele-
mentarul samyaroSi moqmedeben da STanTqmiT emuqrebian
maradqalur sawyiss, sulieri simbolikis enaze gansaxiere-
bulia gveliT (rac igivea — veSapiT, gveleSapiT, drakoniT).
maradqaluri sawyisi simbolurad gamoisaxeba rogorc qal-
wuli. kosmogoniur aspeqtSi es maradqaluri sawyisi warmoad-
gens sulier mTvares, romelsac gveleSapis STanTqmisgan icavs
mziuri gmiri. SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom RvTismSobels qarTul
himnografiasa da hagiografiaSi `saRvTo mTovare~ ewodeba.~11
nestan-darejani, rogorc `saRvTo mTovare~, datyveve-
bulia qajebis mier. qaji am SemTxvevaSi swored im negatiur
Zalas gamosaxavs, rasac sxva SemTxvevaSi gveli (gveleSapi) ga-
nasaxierebs. nestan-darejani rom swored saRvTo mTvares See-
sabameba, xolo qaji gvels, amis Sesaxeb rusTveli sagangebod
mianiSnebs. nestan-darejanis qajebisgan datyveveba xatovnad
warmodgenilia rogorc gvelisgan mTvaris STanTqma.
qajebisgan nestan-darejanis Sepyrobis epizodSi monawile
erT-erTi qaji amgvarad gadmoscems misi datyvevebis ambavs:
`man ara gviTxra, gauSva wyaro cremlisa cxelisa.

ra sabraloa gavsili mTvare, CanTqmuli gvelisa!”
mogvianebiT, nestan-darejanis qajeTidan ganTavisufle-

bis momentSic zustad igive simbolika fiqsirdeba. mas Semdeg,
rac poemis gmirebi qajeTis cixes iReben da kldeSi arsebuli
xvreliT nestan-darejanis samyofSi SeaRweven, avTandilisa da
fridonis xilva amgvarad gadmoicema:
`gzani daxvdes Sekazmulni, Sevides da gaZvres xvrelsa,
- 108 -
naxes, mzisa Sesayrelad gamoeSva mTvare gvelsa.~
mziuri gmiris mier gvelis damarcxeba da qalwulis gan-

Tavisuflebis motivi swored centralur motivs warmoadgens
`vefxistyaosanSi.~ am SemTxvevaSi mziuri gmiri gansaxierebulia
`sami feriT~, anu samsaxovnad. am sam saxes, sam gansxvavebul
aspeqts gamosaxaven tarieli, avTandili da fridoni. ufro
farTo masStabiT esaa imave qristes Zali, mziuri arseba — mTa-
varangelozi miqaeli, anu misi miwieri saxe — wminda giorgi.
miTosuri azrovnebis safexurze imave sulier Zalebs ga-
nasaxierebdnen sxvadasxva xalxTa warmodgenebSi arsebuli
mziuri gmirebi. maTgan Cven gansakuTrebiT gamovyaviT wminda
giorgis uSualo arqetipi, berZenTa mziuri gmiri, delfos
misteriebis inspiratori apoloni. aRniSnuli iyo, rom kasti-
lis mindorze gvelis mkvleli apoloni ar aris uSualod mzis
RmerTi. amgvari RmerTi berZnul panTeonSi aris heliosi. he-
liosi warmarTavs mzis etlis moZraobas cargvalze. apoloni
is mziuri sulia, romelic mzis sxivebSi moqmedebs da swored
am mzis sxivebiT, anu oqros isrebiT, Trgunavs miwis elemen-
tebSi moqmed drakonul suls.
`vefxistyaosanSic~ naTlad mieniSneba, rom mziuri gmirebi
ganasaxiereben ara uSualod mzis suls (helioss), aramed mzis
Zalas. qajeTidan miweril werilSi nestan-darejani amgvarad
mimarTavs tariels:
`dRisiT da RamiT vxedvide mzisa elvaTa krTomasa.
mze uSenod ver iqnebis, radgan Sen xar misi wili,

ganaRamca mas eaxel misi etli, ar Tu wbili!”
swored `mzis elvaTa krTomas~ ganasaxierebda apoloni, xolo

Semdeg qristianul samyaroSi am ZalTa gamovlineba danaxulia
wminda giorgiSi, romelic miwier planSi gvevlineba zeciuri
mxedrobis arqistrategosis miqaelis Zalis gamovlinebad.
ramdenadac `vefxistyaosanSi~ miwieri samyaro sami sknelis
saxiTaa gamosaxuli da samive sknelSi drakonuli Zalaa gamefe-
buli, saWiroa mzis sami aspeqtis, sami saxis gamovlineba, raTa
samive planSi damarcxebul iqnas negatiuri suli. imave epizod-
Si nestan-darejani swored mzis am samsaxovnebas gadmogvcems:
- 109 -
`Senman mzeman, uSenosa arvis mixvdes mTvare Seni,
Senman mzeman, vervis mixvdes, mo-ca-viden samni mzeni!”
ese igi, qajeTis cixis asaRebad mimavali sami gmiri Sedare-

bulia sam mzesTan.
amjerad gavarkvioT, Tu rogori Sesabamisoba arsebobs
warmodgenil sam sknelsa da sam mziur gmirs Soris. poemaSi
mocemuli siuJetis mixedviT naCvenebia, rom samive gmiris mo-
qmedebis arena mkveTrad gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan. gan-
sxvavebulia maTi problemebic.
tarielisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia mistikuri iniciaciis
gza. rogorc tarielis iniciaciis problemasTan dakavSirebiT
irkveva, misi pirveladi iniciacia dakavSirebulia xeldasxmis
Zvel formasTan, sadac wamyvan rols TamaSobda sulier sam-
yarosTan aracnobier mdgomareobaSi miaxleba. am SemTxvevaSi
leTargiuli ZiliT xdeboda samdRiani Casvla qvesknelSi,
saidanac adepti garkveuli sulieri gamocdilebiT, ufro
zustad, sikvdilis gamocdilebiT brundeboda. nestan-dare-
janis damokidebuleba iniciaciis amgvari formisadmi mkve-
Trad uaryofiTia. igi siyvaruliT inspirirebuli rainduli
iniciaciisken mouwodebs tariels, rac Tavisi arsiT swored
iniciaciis qristianul formas warmoadgens.
rogorc poemidan vxedavT, tarieli SemdgomSic mkveTr
midrekilebebs iCens aracnobieri, erTgvarad eqstatiuri
mdgomareobisaken. igi xSiradaa dabnedili. Zalze mgrZnobi-
area misi damokidebuleba yovelgvari movlenisadmi. tari-
eli aSkarad qvena samyaroSi moqmedi Zalebisken miiswrafvis.
swored amitomaa, rom igi miwaSi, anu gamoqvabulSi amarcxebs
devebs da iq saxldeba. amiT mieniSneba, rom tarielis moqmede-
bis areali ZiriTadad swored qvesknelzea orientirebuli. igi
am sferoSi, ese igi, gamoqvabulSi ebrZvis negatiur Zalebs — am
SemTxvevaSi, devebs. iqve isic mieniSneba, rom miuxedavad imisa,
rom tarielma gamoqvabuli waarTva devebs, mas ar miuRia iq
arsebuli ganZi. devebis ganZi man mxolod qajeTSi gamgzavre-
bis win da isic avTandilTan erTad gaxsna.
tarielis umTavresi problemac swored qvesknelTanaa
dakavSirebuli. man dakarga arseba, romelic àr aris qveynad~
da igi tyveda hyavT qajebs, anu im negatiur arsebebs, rom-
lebic aseve ar arian qveynad. qajeTis cixe simbolurad swored
qvesknels ganasaxierebs.
- 110 -
SemTxveviTi arc isaa, rom tarieli indoelia. swored in-
duri azrovnebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli mistiurobisaken mkve-
Tri midrekileba.
iniciaciis sruliad gansxvavebul formas vxvdebiT
avTandilis SemTxvevaSi. misTvis sruliad gamokveTilad dama-
xasiaTebelia fxizeli, dRismieri azrovneba. avTandili arabia,
rac mianiSnebs misi azrovnebis arabul formas. es ki gulis-
xmobs gonebriv aqtivobas, gansjiTi, spekulaturi azrovne-
bisken midrekilebas. swored amitomacaa, rom misi mijnuris
saxeli TinaTinia. igi gulisxmobs gonebas, rogorc RvTaebrivi
sibrZnis amrekls, misi aTinaTis warmomqmnels.12
avTandilisTvis arasodes araa damaxasiaTebeli aracno-
bieri, bnediTi mdgomareoba. mis yovel moqmedebas win uswrebs
gonebrivi gansja, RvTaebrivi sibrZnisgan areklili aTinaTis
inspiracia. avTandilis cnobierebis mdgomareoba hermesuli
xasiaTisaa. amitomacaa, rom igi vaWarTa samyaros ukavSirdeba
da vaWrulad gadacmuli arkvevs nestan-darejanis adgilsamyo-
fels. (hermesuli, anu Tavis tvinidan momdinare spekulaciuri
azrovneba swored vaWrebisTvis da mogzaurebisTvisaa damaxa-
siaTebeli da hermesic amitom iTvleba maT mfarvelad).
avTandilis moqmedebis areali ZiriTadad sknels moicavs.
swored sknelSi moqmedebisTvisaa gansazRvruli avTandilis-
Tvis damaxasiaTebeli cnobierebis forma. amave dros, ramdena-
dac avTandilis moqmedebis sferos skneli ganekuTvneba, amave
sferoSia moqceuli misi umTavresi problemac. misi iniciaciis,
anu mogzaurobis dasawyisi ukavSirdeba im gaurkvevlobas, rac
arabeTis samefo karze warmoiSva tarielis vinaobis garkvevas-
Tan dakavSirebiT. sknelSi, anu im sferoSi, sadac moxda ros-
tevanisa da avTandilis mier tarielis xilva, mas araviTari
kvali ar dautovebia:
`hgvanda qvesknels CaZromilsa anu zecad anafrensa;

eZebdes da ver hpovebdes kvalsa misgan wanarbensa.~
isic ki ver gaarkvies àris igi yma Sobili, Tu uSobeli.~

miwieri azrovneba uZluri aRmoCnda tarielis, anu `saRvTo
gzis~ arsis Semecnebis saqmeSi. amqveyniur, anu sknelur sam-
yaroSi warmoSobili cnobierebis problemis gadasawyvetad
TinaTini tarielis ambis garkvevas avalebs avTandils.
poemis mesame gmiris, fridonis SemTxvevaSic naTlad
- 111 -
mieniSneba, rom misi moqmedebis areali umTavresad zesknels
ukavSirdeba. fridonis samkvidrebeli mulRanzanzaria. i. abu-
laZis ganmartebiT, igi niSnavs `frinvelTa qveyanas.~ `frin-
velTa qveynis~ mefis nuradin fridonis umTavresi problema
imaSi mdgomareobs, rom mas waarTves kuTvnili kunZuli da am
sakiTxze warmoSobil konfliqtSi igi daWres kidec Tavisive
biZaSvilebma. fridoni mxolod tarielis daxmarebiT SeZlebs
dakarguli kunZulis dabrunebas.
sazogadod, kunZulis simbolika sakmaod mravalplaniania,
magram amjerad gvinda yuradReba gavamaxviloT im paralelze,
rac mas zesknelTan, anu `frinveleTTan~ gaaCnia. frinveleTi
aris is sfero, romelic miwis zeviT mdebareobs da garkveu-
lad mowyvetilia miwier yofas. kunZulis SemTxvevaSic igive
suraT-xati meordeba. Tumca fridonis `frinvelTa qveyana~
zRvis napirzea, magram misi sadao kunZuli zRvaSia da amdenad,
mowyvetilia qveynis ZiriTad nawils, anu materiks.
poemis gmirTa warmodgenili samsaxovani mimarTeba
qveynierebis sam sknelTan naTladaa mocemuli im epizodSi,
roca poemis gmirebi qajeTis cixis aRebis Sesaxeb TaTbiro-
ben. fridoni, romlis moqmedebis arealic `frinveleTiT,~ anu
zeskneliT ganisazRvreba, momxrea imisa, rom qajeTis cixeSi
SeRweva moxdes haerSi gabmuli Tokis saSualebiT, romelze
gavlaSic igi didad yofila daxelovnebuli.
avTandili momxrea imisa, rom cixeSi SeRweva moxdes qveyni-
uri gonebidan momdinare moxerxebulobis gamoyenebiT, ker-
Zod, vaWris tansacmelSi gamowyobili, igi farulad apirebs
cixis WiSkridan Sesvlas.
sabolood tarielis TaTbiri imarjvebs, romelic qajeTis
cixis samive karis damsxvrevis momxrea. isini cixeSi samive kari-
dan SeiWrnen. es aris gza qvesknelis ZalisxmeviT damarcxebisa.
am SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba mistikuri gza sikvdilis karibWis
gavlisa, magram ara Rameuli, aracnobieri azrovnebiT, aramed
dRis fxizeli azrovnebiT. amitomac sagangebod mieniSneba, rom
gmirebma cixeze Seteva daiwyes ara RamiT, aramed ganTiadze:
`samTave samad gaiyves, TviToman TviTo karebi;

Tana hyva kaci samasi, yvelai gmirTa darebi.
mas RamiT uqmnes sadarno, ucruo, anaCqarebi,
gaTenda, gaCndes, mimarTes, Tavis-Tav hqondaT farebi.~
- 112 -
poemis sivrcobrivi arealis pirobiT danawevrebasTan
dakavSirebiT Zalze saintereso suraT-xatebia mocemuli im
epizodebSi, sadac saubaria poemis mTavar gmirTa urTierT-
Sexvedrebze. rogorc zemoT moviniSneT, tarielis moqmede-
bis arena qvesknelia, avTandilisa — skneli, xolo fridonisa
— zeskneli. axla gavixsenoT, Tu ra viTarebebSi xvdebian es
gmirebi erTmaneTs:
avTandilma pirvelad tarieli ixila sknelSi, sadac mas
kvalic ki ar dautovebia. avTandilisa da tarielis uSualo
Sexvedra moxda qvabSi, anu gamoqvabulSi. avTandilisTvis,
rogorc sknelis warmomadgenlisaTvis, aucilebeli piroba
iyo, rom Casuliyo qvesknelSi, anu gamoqvabulSi, raTa Sem-
dgariyo maTi Sexvedra. cxadia, sruliad naTelia, rom swored
gamoqvabulia is adgili, sadac skneli da qveskneli erTmaneTs
xvdebian, sadac SesaZlebelia sknelidan qvesknelSi moxvedra.
analogiur suraT-xats vxvdebiT avTandilisa da frido-
nis Sexvedris epizodSic: avTandili miemgzavreba `frinvelTa
qveyanaSi~. aRmoCnda, rom am qveyanaSi misvlisas fridoni sa-
nadirod iyo gamosuli. avTandili moxerxebulad CaerTo am
nadirobaSi da isriT Camoagdo mfrinavi orbi.
`maT laSqarTa yolbsa Sua orbi siTme gadmofrinda;

yrmaman cxeni Seutia, gaamayda, ar SeSinda,
Sestyorca da Camoagdo, daeca da sisxli sdinda,
gardaxda da frTebi dasWrna, wynarad Sejda, ar aqSinda.~
rogorc vxedavT, avTandilis `frinvelTa qveyanaSi~, anu

zesknelSi SeRweva gadmocemulia frinvelebze nadirobis su-
raT-xatiT. cxenze mjdomi avTandili isars styorcnis haerSi
da frinvels axvedrebs.
aseve sainteresodaa gadmocemuli is epizodi, rodesac
qvesknelSi moqmedi tarieli zesknelis warmomadgenels — fri-
dons xvdeba. ra SeiZleba iyos is sulieri simbolo, romelic
imaginaciurad gamosaxavs qvesknelisa da zesknelis SeerTebas?
am SemTxvevaSi rusTveli iZleva uaRresad zust da amave dros
kargad cnobil suraT-xats. qvesknelisa da zesknelis Semaer-
Tebel simbolod warmogvidgens xes. marTlac, xe fesvebiT
dakavSirebulia qvesknelTan, xolo totebiT zesknelTan. es
ori samyaro xis tanis meSveobiT sknelSia SeerTebuli.
poemaSi naTqvamia, rom fridonis qveyanaSi SemTxveviT mox-
- 113 -
vedrilma tarielma zRvis piras arsebuli baRi ixila. zRvidan
napirze gadmosul tariels daxvdnen `xeni laRni~.
`RamiT mevlo, movidodi, zRvisa pirsa aCndes baRni;

hgvanda, qalaqs veaxleniT, cal-kerZ iyvnen kldeTa naRni;
ar meamis kacTa naxva, midaRvides gulsa daRni;
mun gardavxe mosvenebad, damxvdes rame xeni laRni.
xeTa Zirsa miviZine, maT monaTa Wames puri . . .~
xis Ziras myofma tarielma ixila daWrili fridoni. fri-

donis pirveli STabeWdileba tarielTan dakavSirebiT aseve
xes ukavSirdeba:
`gamicada, RmerTsa hkadra: `Sen aseTni xeni viT xen!”
tarieli amSvidebs fridons da sasaubrod xis Ziras

iwvevs:
`me vuTxar: `dadeg, dawynardi, gardavxdeT Zirsa xeTasa;”
rogorc vxedavT, aRniSnul epizodSi xazgasmuladaa miniS-

nebuli, rom tarielisa da fridonis pirveli Sexvedra Sedga
xis Ziras. es xe ki swored im simbolos maCvenebelia, romelic
am gmirTa sauflo sferoebs, qvesknelsa da zesknels aerTebs.
rogorc aRvniSneT, poemis mixedviT qveynierebis samive
skneli negatiuri sulieri ZalebiTaa moculi. poemis sami mzi-
uri gmiri, rogorc gansaxiereba wminda giorgis sami aspeqtisa,
samive sknelSi ibrZvis xTonuri gvelis winaaRmdeg. saRvTo
mTvaris ganTavisuflebisaTvis saWiroa samive saufloSi daiZ-
lios negatiur ZalTa meufeba.
poemis gmirebi rom swored gvelis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli
mziuri gmirebi arian, es mravalgzis mieniSneba poemaSi. amjerad
gvinda am TvalsazrisiT yuradReba gavamaxviloT fridonis
saxelTan dakavSirebiT. z. gamsaxurdiam aRniSna, rom `Sah-names
ferududinis saxeSi airekla uZvelesi kosmiuri miTi mzis (mzi-
uri gmiris) brZolisa Rrubel-drakonTan.~
fridonis saxelis etimologiasTan dakavSirebiT ramdeni-
me versia arsebobs. vfiqrobT, maT Soris yvelaze mniSvnelo-
vania swored ferududinidan fridonis warmoeba, radgan fri-
- 114 -
donic swored zesknelSi, frinvelTa da RrubelTa samyaroSi
ebrZvis drakons. mniSvnelovania z. gamsaxurdias miniSneba
imis Sesaxebac, rom saxeli fridoni uSualod niSnavs `mesame
gvelismbrZols.~13 amgvari dasaxeleba, cxadia, pirdapir mia-
niSnebs, rom Tu fridoni mesame gvelismbrZolia, maSin wina
ori gmiric aseve gvelismbrZolni yofilan.
samive gvelismbrZoli mziuri gmiris moqmedebas sam
sknelSi, cxadia, unda Seesabamebodes negatiuri Zalis aseve
sam sknelSi gamovlineba. rogorc poemis finaluri nawilidan
irkveva, samive gmiris mier negatiuri Zalebis ganadgureba
gamosaxulia qajeTis cixis aRebiT. am epizodis sworad gage-
bisTvis aucilebelia gavarkvioT, Tu ra simbolur saxeebSia
mocemuli Tavad qajeTis cixe.
qajeTi mdebareobs sami zRvis iqiT. fatmanis mier qajeTis
dasazverad gagzavnili grZneuli mona sam dReSi brundeba ukan
da amgvarad aRwers qajTa qalaqs:
`qajTa qalaqi aqamdis mterTagan ubrZolvelia:

qalaqsa Sigan magari klde maRali da grZelia,
mas kldesa Sua gvirabi, asaZromeli xvrelia,
mun aris marto mnaTobi, misTa SemyrelTa mwvelia.
gvirabis karsa niadag moyme scavs ar pir-nasebi,

aTi aTasi Wabuki dgas, yvelakai xasebi,
qalaqis karTa samTave — samaTas-samaTasebi.
.......~
ese igi, qajeTi rom sivrcobrivad warmovidginoT, amgvari

suraTi gvesaxeba:
qalaqi SemozRudulia da aqvs sami kari. qalaqis SigniT
maRali kldea, romelSic gvirabis saxiT asaZromeli xvrelia
mowyobili. gvirabis boloSi aris mnaTobi (gadataniTi mniS-
vnelobiT, nestan-darejani). gvirabis Sesasvlel karTan dgas
guSagi. qalaqis samive karTan aseve guSagebi dganan.
Tu qajeTis warmodgenil aRwerilobas simboluri Tval-
sazrisiT ganvixilavT, SevniSnavT, rom amgvari suraT-xati jer
kidev uZvelesi egvipturi misteriebidanaa cnobili.
rogorc wesi, egvipturi taZari maRali RobiT iyo Semoz-
Ruduli. mlocvelTaTvis grandiozuli misteriuli rituali
ukve am zRudis karTan iwyeboda. Semdeg grZeli gvirabi kom-
- 115 -
pleqsis siRrmisaken miemarTeboda. rodesac procesia bneli
gvirabiT midioda, isini gvirabis boloSi mkveTr naTebas xe-
davdnen. mistikur eqstazSi myofi mlocvelebi TandaTan uax-
lovdebodnen gvirabis am manaTobel bolos da gvirabidan
gamosvlisas maT win kaSkaSa sinaTle warmodgeboda. mlocvelTa
mzera maT winaSe aRmarTul TeTrad SeRebil piramidas awyde-
boda. piramidis priala, TeTri waxnagi sarkesaviT ireklavda
mcxunvare mzis sxivebs. cxadia, ritualis droc saTanadod iyo
SerCeuli. piramidis elvarebas kidev ufro aZlierebda misi
mooqrovili wverodan areklili naTeli.
rogorc gamoirkva, egvipturi ritualis mTeli es gareg-
nuli saxe emsaxureboda mlocvelSi sikvdilis karibWis gavlis
gancdas.14 swored amgvari garegnuli saxiT aRiqmeba sulier
samyaroSi Sesvla gardacvalebis momentSi. dReisTvis mec-
nieruladacaa dasabuTebuli, rom klinikuri sikvdilis ga-
mocdilebis mqone adamianebi mravalgzis adastureben amgvari
gancdebis realur arsebobas.
Tu kvlav qajeTis aRwerilobas davukvirdebiT, advilad
SevamCnevT, rom rusTvelma swored sikvdilis karibWis gav-
lis aucilebloba dasaxa qajeTSi, anu qvesknelSi SeRwevis
aucilebel pirobad. mziuri gmirebi nestan-darejanis gamosax-
snelad sikvdilis samyaroSi Sedian. isini amsxvreven qalaqis
samive kars, ris Semdegac xvdebian gvirabTan mdgar guSags
(Tanamedrove enaze, egreT wodebul, zRurblis guSags). gvi-
rabis gavlisas isini xvdebian mnaTobis samyofelSi, anu rac
igivea, RvTaebrivi naTeliT mocul suleTSi.
aucilebelia SevniSnoT, rom tarielis iniciaciis pirve-
ladi formisgan gansxvavebiT, roca igi samdRiani leTargiuli
ZiliT, anu aracnobieri mdgomareobiT Sevida sulier sam-
yaroSi, amjerad sikvdilis karibWis gavla fxizeli, dRis cno-
bierebiT xdeba. rogorc aRvniSneT, xeldasxmis amgvari forma
Tavisi SinaarsiT wmindad qristianulia. sifxizle aucilebeli
pirobaa qristianuli iniciaciis gzaze.
aqve gvinda davazustoT qajeTis im sami karis mniSvnelobac,
romelTac mziuri gmirebi amsxvreven.
uZveles qarTul werilobiT wyaroebSi sxvaganac gvxvdeba
analogiuri suraT-xati. magaliTad, `qarTlis moqcevaSi~ coc-
xali svetis aRmarTebis win amgvar imaginaciur suraTs Wvreten
wminda nino da misi mowafeebi: `da vidre arRa eyivna qaTamsa,
samTave karTa sca zarsa laSqarman Zlierman da dalewnes karni
- 116 -
qalaqisani.~15
marTalia, moqcevis am epizods qvemoT ufro dawvrilebiT
SevexebiT, magram amjeradac mokled aRvniSnavT zogierT de-
tals.
qaTmis yivilamde ganxorcielebuli sami karis msxvreva
uSualo simetriaSia saxarebiseul epizodTan, sadac aseve qaT-
mis yivilamde petre samjer uaryofs ufals (maTe, 26, 69-75).
mogvianebiT es suraT-xati safuZvlad daedo tamplierebis
ordenis xeldasxmis rituals. mowafis winaSe debdnen jvars da
eubnebodnen, rom xeldasxmis win igi droebiT unda iqces pe-
tred da samjer uaryos macxovari, raTa Semdeg mTeli arsebiT
SeuerTdes mas.
aqve SeiZleba gavixsenoT Zalze seriozuli mosazreba imis
Sesaxeb, rom tamplierebis ordens uaRresad mWidro urTier-
Toba hqonda saqarTvelos im sulier wreebTan, romlis warmo-
madgenelic Tavad rusTveli iyo. es urTierTobebi jer kidev
daviT aRmaSeneblis epoqidan, ese igi, Tavad am ordenis Camoya-
libebis periodidan (1119 w.) iRebs saTaves.
ezoteruli TvalsazrisiT, petres samgzis uaryofa moaz-
rebulia mamlis (qaTmis) or yivils Soris. mamlis pirveli yivi-
li afiqsirebs sulis dacemis dasawyiss. adamianis sxeulebri-
vi nawili warmodgenilia sami garsis saxiT: pirveli, es aris
fizikuri sxeuli, anu gvami, meore — sasicocxlo sxeuli, anu
Tanamedrove terminiT, eTeruli sxeuli da mesame — adamianis
grZnobebisa da vnebebis ganmsazRvreli astraluri sxeuli. am
sam sxeulebriv garsSi CamosvliT adamianis suli wydeba RvTa-
ebriv samyaros da qveyniur tyveobaSi aRmoCndeba. suleTi-
dan mowyveta am SemTxvevaSi mis dacemas gamosaxavs. mas Sem-
deg, rac individualoba gaivlis ganwmendisa da ganviTarebis
garkveul safexurebs, igi samive sxeulebriv garsSi daZlevs
damabrkolebel negatiur Zalebs da suli kvlav Tavis sauf-
los ubrundeba — igi Tavisufldeba sxeulebrivi tyveobisagan.
sulis am aRmafrenas afiqsirebs mamlis meore yivili.
vfiqrobT, swored es mistikuri xatia mocemuli rogorc
`qarTlis moqcevis~ ganxilul epizodSi, aseve `vefxistyaos-
nis~ qajeTze saubrisasac. orive SemTxvevaSi sami karis damsx-
vreva swored sxeulebrivi sami garsis damsxvrevas, anu sulis
ganTavisuflebas mianiSnebs. am SemTxvevaSi adamianuri sxeu-
lisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli sami garsi, anu sami sxeuli srul
simetriaSia sivrcobrivi danawevrebis sam saxesTan (qveskneli
- 117 -
— skneli — zeskneli). es sami skneli swored qveynierebis sxe-
uls moicavs da rusTvelis mziuri gmirebic swored am sfero-
ebSi amarcxeben demonur Zalebs.
§ 4. `dasavleTs zarTa mareblad”
rogorc `vefxistyaosanze~ saubrisas iyo naCvenebi, poemis

erT-erT centralur motivs warmoadgens samsaxovnad warmod-
genili mziuri gmiris, wminda giorgis brZola drakonTan, anu
gvelTan. wminda giorgis sam aspeqts ganasaxiereben poemis mTa-
vari gmirebi tarieli, avTandili da fridoni.
ufro adre isic iyo aRniSnuli, rom wminda giorgis
brZola, faqtobrivad, gamosaxavs kidev ufro maRali rangis
zegrZnobad movlenas — mTavarangeloz miqaelis brZolas kos-
mosur gvelTan, anu drakonTan.
rusTveli im periodSi moRvaweobda, rodesac damamTavre-
bel fazaSi Sevida qarTveli eris miqaeluri brZolis sakmaod
xangrZlivi periodi. daviT aRmaSeneblis dros wamowyebuli
aqtiuri sulieri moRvaweoba kvlav maRal safexurze grZel-
deboda Tamarisa da daviT soslanis winamZRolobiT. im peri-
odis saqarTvelos erovnuli suli mTlianad miqaeluri, anu
georgianuli impulsiT iyo moculi da am garemoebis gauTva-
liswineblad sruliad SeuZlebelia saqarTvelos òqros xanis~
Tundac garegnuli istoriuli movlenebis gageba. garegnuli
istoria, ZiriTadad, swored istoriul pirTa saxelebsa da
gardaxdili brZolebis statistikas uTmobs yuradRebas. mi-
wier planSi mimdinare istoriuli procesebis ganmsazRvreli
zegrZnobadi movlenebi umTavresad SeumCneveli rCeba.
mTeli XII saukunis ganmavlobaSi qarTuli samyarodan in-
tensiurad miedineboda is mZlavri miqaeluri nakadi, romelic
jvarosnul moZraobas erTvoda da am gziT aRmosavleTidan
dasavleTSi aRwevda. qarTuli sulieri centrebidan momdi-
nare es ganmakurnebeli impulsebi dasavleTis sulier cxovre-
baSi arsebuli disharmoniis mowesrigebas axdenda.
ramdenadac rusTveli aRniSnul movlenaTa SuagulSi tri-
alebda da amave dros Tavis poemaSic swored miqaeluri brZo-
lis TvalsaCino xateba Seqmna, bunebrivia, qarTuli sulieri
cxovrebis es umniSvnelovanesi etapi rogorRac poemaSic unda
- 118 -
miniSnebuliyo. vfiqrobT, swored am konteqstSi unda iqnas
gagebuli poemis bolo Tavi — `dasasruli~.
marTalia, rusTvelologiaSi arsebobs mosazreba, rom
SesaZloa es Tavi Tavad rusTvelis mier araa dawerili, magram
gansaxilvel konteqstSi am problemas principuli mniSvneloba
ar eniWeba. am SemTxvevaSi umTavresi isaa, rom aRniSnuli Tavi
Tavisi SinaarsiT zustad Seesabameba rogorc poemis Sinaarss,
aseve warmosaxuli epoqis Taviseburebebs.
es Tavi mkveTrad gamoirCeva poemis danarCeni nawilisagan.
rogorc cnobilia, garda dasawyisSi naxsenebi Tamar mefisa da
iqve gamoTqmuli ramdenime msoflmxedvelobrivi mosazrebisa,
poemis mTeli siuJeti warmosaxviT garemoSi viTardeba da mTli-
anad imaginaciur suraTs warmoadgens. aq arc indoeTi gulis-
xmobs namdvil, geografiul indoeTs da arc arabeTi — arabeTs
(rom aRaraferi vTqvaT gulanSarosa, Tu mulRazanzaris Sesa-
xeb). poemaSi mocemuli qveynierebis mxareebic wmindad sulieri
imaginaciebia. dasaxelebuli aRmosavleTic da dasavleTic aq
mxolod sulieri aRmosavleTi da sulieri dasavleTia.
poemis arc erTi gmiri ar warmoadgens istoriul pirovne-
bas. yoveli maTgani xelovnuradaa Seqmnili winaswar gansaz-
Rvruli sulieri xatis mixedviT.
am TvalsazrisiT, gamonakliss warmoadgens poemis dasaw-
yisi da dasasruli.
`dasasruli~ sul xuTi strofisagan Sedgeba. Tvalis erTi
gadavlebiTac davrwmundebiT, rom poemis mTeli teqstisgan
gansxvavebiT, masSi saubaria realur istoriul movlenebze.
magaliTad, pirvel strofSi gveuwyeba moTxrobili ambis das-
rulebis Sesaxeb da avtori asaxelebs Tavis vinaobas (`vwer
vinme mesxi meleqse me rusTvelisa damisa~). dasasrulis mexuTe
strofSi rusTveli CamoTvlis Tavisi periodis ganTqmul po-
etebs da maT Seqebul gmirebs. am SemTxvevaSi saubaria sruli-
ad realur istoriul movlenebze.
vfiqrobT, Txrobis analogiur formas vxvdebiT `dasasru-
lis~ meore da mesame strofebSic, sadac saubaria qarTvelTa
mefe daviTze.
dRemde sakamaToa sakiTxi, Tu romeli daviTi igulisxmeba
aq, aRmaSenebeli, Tu soslani.
SeiZleba gavixsenoT, rom igive problema dgas ioane SavTelis
àbdulmesianSic~. ufro sworad, SavTelTan dakavSirebiT cxadia,
rom mis odebSi zog SemTxvevaSi daviT aRmaSenebeli igulisxmeba,
- 119 -
xolo zog SemTxvevaSi — daviT soslani. bunebrivad gveCveneba,
rom `vefxistyaosnis~ `dasasrulSic~ analogiur SemTxvevasTan
gvqondes saqme, radgan miqaeluri brZolis is procesi, romelic
yvelaze aqtiurad gamovlinda gare samyarosTan mimarTebaSi,
swored mefe daviT aRmaSenebliT iwyeba da mefe daviT soslaniT
mTavrdeba. rac Seexeba im uwyebas, romelic aRniSnul strofeb-
Sia mocemuli, faqtobrivad, orive daviTs exeba.
meore strofi amgvarad JRers:
`qarTvelTa RmrTisa daviTis vis — mze — msaxurebs sareblad,

ese ambavi gavleqse me maTad sakamaTeblad,
vin aris aRmosavleTiT dasavleTs zarTa mareblad,
orgulTa maTTa damwvelad, erTgulTa gamaxareblad.~
vfiqrobT, gansaxilveli Tavis xasiaTidan gamomdinare,

sruliad cxadia, rom am SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba ara sulieri
dasavleT-aRmosavleTi, aramed swored geografiuli.
strofis dasawyisSi gveuwyeba, rom qarTvelTa mefe davi-
Tis moZraobas emsaxureba mze, ese igi, daviTi moZraobisas Ta-
vad mzes axlavs. am uwyebis gasarkvevad saWiroa kidev erTxel
gavixsenoT msgavsive gamoTqma poemidan, nestan-darejani am-
gvarad mimarTavs erT-erT umTavres mziur gmirs, tariels:
`mze uSenod ver iqnebis, radgan Sen xar misi wili,

ganaRamca mas eaxel misi etli, ar Tu wbili!”
orive SemTxvevaSi saubaria ara uSualod mzis moZraobis

ganmsazRvrel sulier Zalebze, romlebsac berZnul miTosSi
heliosi Seesabameboda, aramed mziur Zalebze. amgvar mziur
Zalebs warmarTul saberZneTSi apoloni ganasaxierebda. wmin-
da giorgi ki, romlis arqetipic swored apolonia, warmoad-
gens mziuri Zalis qristianizebul saxes. bunebrivia, tari-
eli, rogorc mziuri gmiris wminda giorgis erT-erTi aspeqti,
swored mzis im wils warmoadgens, romelic mzis etls axlavs
Tan. `vefxistyaosnis~ `dasasrulSic~ msgavsi suraTia: RvTae-
briv Zalas, romelsac mefe daviTi ganasaxierebs, Tavad mze
msaxurebs `sareblad~, ese igi samoZraod.
imave strofis Semdeg striqonSi rusTveli aRniSnavs, rom man
poemis saxiT warmodgenili ambavi galeqsa im adamianebis saqmeTa
gansaxilvelad, (cxadia, gamoTqma `sakamaTeblad~ aq dRevandeli
- 120 -
gagebiT davasa da kamaTs ar aRniSnavs), romlebic imyofebian, mo-
qmedeben aRmosavleTSi da rekaven dasavleTis zarebs.
vin aris aRmosavleTSi? — cxadia, igulisxmeba qarTvelTa
mefe daviTi da misi qveynis warmomadgenlebi. magram ras niS-
navs maTgan dasavleTis zarebis rekva?
zarebis rekva, cxadia, raRac gansakuTrebul movlenas
moaswavebs. swored gansakuTrebul movlenasTan gvaqvs saqme
XII saukunis dasavleTSi. rogorc zemoT iyo naCvenebi, mZafr
sulier winaaRmdegobaTa pirobebSi im periodis dasavleTSi
iwyeba axali era. es aris egreT wodebuli `meore dRe~. as-
trologiuri TvalsazrisiT, mze tovebs cxvris zodiaqos da
gadadis Tevzebis zodiaqoSi. ese igi, aRmosavleTSi myofi da-
viTi da misi Tanamedroveni rekaven dasavleTis zarebs, anu
gansazRvraven axali epoqis dasawyiss dasavleTSi.
Semdeg igive strofi imiT mTavrdeba, rom qarTvelebi
anadgureben dasavleTis mtrebs da axareben maT erTgulebs
(òrgulTa maTTa damwvelad, erTgulTa gamaxareblad~).
Semdeg strofSi rusTveli kidev ufro azustebs, rom man,
faqtobrivad, daviT mefis mier istoriul planSi aRsrule-
buli realuri saqmeebi gadmosca am poemaSi, magram am saqmeTa
gadmosacemad gamoiyena alegoriuli forma. man Seagrova ucxo
qveynebisa da maTi mefeebis RvTaebrivi zneni (`pirvel zneni~)
da saqmeni, maTi sanaqebo ambebi da Semdeg yvelaferi es im-
gvarad gardaqmna leqsad, rom gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT daviT
mefis realur saqmeebze mogviTxrobda:
`daviTis qmnani viTa vTqvne siCalxe-sixafeTani!

ese ambavni ucxoni, ucxoTa xelmwifeTani,
pirvel zneni da saqmeni, qebani maT mefeTani,
vpoven da leqsad gardavTqven, amiTa vilayfeTani.~
rogorc vxedavT, daviT mefis miqaeluri, anu georgianuli

brZola ara Tu mxolod centralur motivs warmoadgens rusTve-
lis `vefxistyaosanSi~, aramed iqve mieniSneba am brZolis zogad-
sakacobrio xasiaTsa da mniSvnelobaze — saqarTvelos mier gan-
xorcielebul sulier Zalisxmevaze, romelsac didi mniSvneloba
hqonda dasavluri civilizaciis marTlzomieri gziT ganviTarebis
saqmeSi. es iyo saqarTvelos sulieri misiis is umTavresi nawili,
romelic aResrula `meore dRes~, anu berZnul-romauli kul-
turis Tanamedrove kulturiT Secvlis mosamzadebel periodSi.
- 121 -
Tavi IV
`qarTlis moqcevis~ simboloTmetyveleba
§ 1. saqarTvelos sulieri kulturis qvakuTxedi
saqarTveloSi qristianuli kulturis Camoyalibebas win

mniSvnelovani mosamzadebeli periodi uZRoda. qarTuli su-
lieri kulturis Semdgomi saxe mniSvnelovanwilad swored am
winapirobebma gansazRvres.
moxda ise, rom kacobriobis istoriis Semobrunebis Jams,
golgoTis movlenebis periodSi, ori uaRresad mniSvnelovani
movlena daedo safuZvlad qarTuli erovnuli kulturis gan-
viTarebis mimarTulebis gansazRvras. orive es movlena Sina-
ganad mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli erTmaneTTan. garegnuli
TvalsazrisiTac isini msgavsni arian imdenad, ramdenadac,
orive SemTxvevaSi sakiTxi wilisyriT irkveva.
pirvel SemTxvevaSi es wilisyra uSualod golgoTaze mac-
xovris jvarcmis Semdeg ganxorcielda.
`da erisaganTa maT, romelTa juars-acues iesu. moiRes
samoseli misi, da ganiyves oTxad nawilad, TiToeulman eri-
saganman nawili. xolo kuarTi igi, rameTu iyo ukervel, zeiT
gamoqsovil yovlad, Tques ukue urTierTas: ara ganvxioT ese,
aramed wil-vigdoT amas zeda, visaca iyos, raiTa aResrulos
werili igi: ganiyves samoseli Cemi Tavisa maTisa da kuarTsa
Cemsa zeda ganigdes wili. erisaganTa maT ese yves.~1
marTlmadidebluri saeklesio tradiciiT uflis kvarTi
mcxeTel ebraelebs xvdaT wilad da maT mcxeTaSi Camoitanes
igi. `qarTlis moqceva~ vrclad mogviTxrobs am istoriuli
movlenis Sesaxeb:
macxovris jvarcmisas golgoTaze imyofebodnen mcxeTeli
ebraelebic. roca kvarTze wili yares, igi iberias xvda wilad.
`moqceva~ xazgasmiT iuwyeba, rom `samoseli igi hxuda amas
queyanasa wilad da wamoiRo elioz~. eliozis deda im dros
mcxeTaSi iyo, magram imdenad Rrmad ganicada ierusalimSi
mimdinare movlenebi, rom rodesac jvarcmisas kveri dahkres
macxovris samsWvals, man es tkivili mcxeTaSi igrZno da am
- 122 -
gancdisagan gardaicvala.2
eliozma uflis kvarTi mcxeTaSi Camoitana. mas gzaSi
Seegeba misive da sidonia. gamoarTva macxovris kvarTi, mkerd-
Si Caikra da umal miicvala `samTa amiT simwariTa: sikudiliTa
dedisaiTa, da umetes tkiviliTa sikudilsa zeda qristessa da
surviliTa mis samoslisaiTa.~
eliozma sidonia kvarTTan erTad daasaflava maxloblad
`naZusa mas libaniT mosulsa da mcxeTas danergulsa.~ es ad-
gili wminda ninos qarTlSi Camosvlamde gasaidumloebuli iyo.
mcxeTelma ebraelebma aseve saidumlod icodnen kidev erTi
saswaulis Sesaxeb. manamde aseve mcxeTaSi yofila damarxuli
elias xalenic. maTi winaprebis gadmocemiT am saflavis ad-
gilic gasaidumloebuli unda yofiliyo `vidre Jamamde misa.~
IV saukuneSi wminda ninos saganmanaTleblo moRvaweobis
Jams uflis kvarTis saflavze sveticxovlis taZari aRimarTa.
meore wilisyrac macxovris jvarcmis Semdeg ganxorciel-
da. roca mociqulebma qveynierebis sxvadasxva mxareebi saqa-
dageblad gainawiles, am wilisyraSi RvTismSobelmac miiRo
monawileoba. samgzis wilisyriT RvTismSobels iberiis mxare
xvda wilad. roca RvTismSobeli ukve apirebda iberiisken gam-
gzavrebas, RvTis angelozi gaegzavna mas da euwya, rom igi ar
unda ganeSoros ierusalims, misi wilxvdomili iberiis mxare
ukanasknel Jams gabrwyindeba, xolo RvTismSobelma jer-je-
robiT unda iRvawos im mxareebSi, sadac mas ufali wargzavnis.
mogvianebiT RvTismSobeli ioane maxarebelTan erTad miemgza-
vreba ioanes wilxvdomil mxareSi — efesoSi.
pirvel rigSi, yuradReba gvinda gavamaxviloT im suraT-
xatze, rasac orive es wilisyra sivrcobrivi TvalsazrisiT
warmogvidgens.
golgoTaze uflis samosis ganawilebasTan dakavSirebiT
naTqvamia, rom es samosi oTx nawilad gayves. am SemTxvevaSi
konkretulad romelime oTxi eri ar igulisxmeba. amgvari
danawileba simbolurad mianiSnebs, rom uflis samoseli
qveynierebis oTxive mxares waiRes, ese igi, mTel qveynierebaze
ganawilda. kvarTis danawevreba ki ar yofila sasurveli da
igi erT romelime mxares unda rgeboda wilad. am uwyebaTa
SinaarsSi gasarkvevad aucilebelia gavixsenoT, Tu rogor es-
modaT warmodgenili simboloebis mniSvneloba pirveli sauku-
neebis qristianul moZRvrebaSi.
kosmogoniuri TvalsazrisiT, macxovris jvarcma, dafvla
- 123 -
da aRdgoma gaiazreba rogorc miwieri samyaros sruli ganm-
sWvalva qristes impulsiT. uzenaesi RvTaebrivi suli qristes
saxiT uerTdeba dedamiwas da dedamiwa gaiazreba rogorc mac-
xovris sxeuli. dedamiwis Semadgeneli oTxive stiqia (miwa, wya-
li, haeri, cecxli) ganmsWvalulia qristes arsebiT. sxvanairad
rom vTqvaT, golgoTis Semdeg mTeli dedamiwa macxovris sxe-
ulad gadaiqca, xolo qveyniereba, anu dedamiwis zedapiri
qristes samosels warmoadgenda.
adamianebma swored es samoseli gainawiles golgoTaze.3
dedamiwis zedapiri, anu mTeli qveyniereba ganawilebulia
calkeul erebs Soris. qristes samoseli dayofilia qveynebs So-
ris arsebuli sazRvrebiT. adamianebi xSirad ibrZvian qveyniere-
bis sazRvrebisTvis, xSirad sxvisi teritoriebis SemoerTe-
basac cdiloben. maT ar ician, rom am dros qristes samosels
ecilebian erTmaneTs — qristes samosels inawileben.
samoselisagan gansxvavebiT, golgoTaze ar ganawilebula
uflis kvarTi. igi ar danawevrebula. rogorc aRiniSna, igi
iyo ùkervel, zeiT gamoqsovil yovlad~. sulieri simbolokis
enaze swored kvarTi ganasaxierebs miwieri samyaros im nawils,
romelic, marTlac, ar nawildeba erebs Soris. es aris is
haerovani garsi, romelic mTel dedamiwas erTianad moicavs.
igi mTeli kacobriobis saerTo kuTvnilebaa. am SemTxvevaSi ha-
eris gageba ar Semoifargleba mxolod wminda fizikuri sub-
stanciis mniSvnelobiT da igi bevrad ufro farTo gagebiT
gaiazreba. sulieri mniSvnelobiT es `haeri~ im Sesaqmeseul
haersac ki ukavSirdeba, saidanac adamianSi STaberil iqna si-
cocxlis sunTqva. imave haerSi igulisxmeba is RvTaebrivi siy-
varulic, romelic mTel dedamiwas erTnairad moicavs.4
kvarTi aris garegani materialuri simbolo im siyvarulisa,
romliTac mTeli dedamiwaa moculi da romlis sruli realiza-
ciac mxolod momavalSi moxdeba. macxovris jvarcmis epoqaSi
zogadsakacobrio siyvarulis Camoyalibebis problema mxolod
sawyis etapze iyo. swored ieso qristem moitana qveynad moy-
vasis siyvarulis sruliad axleburi gageba. manamde adamianTa
Soris siyvarulsa da valdebulebebiT urTierTobebs ZiriTa-
dad mxolod sisxlismieri kavSirebi gansazRvravda. naTesauri
urTierTobebi savaldebulo siyvarulis safuZveli iyo.
macxovars, cxadia, ar gauuqmebia siyvarulis es forma,
magram man warmoudgenlad gaafarTova siyvarulis sazRvre-
bi. adamianisTvis manamde arasodes damdgara moTxovnilebad
- 124 -
rogorc moyvasis, aseve mtris siyvarulic. qristianobamde
aravis uTqvams, rom adamianebs marto mokeTeebisTvis ki ara,
mtrebisTvisac unda elocaT.
qristes mier dasaxuli zogadsakacobrio mizani jerac
ganxorcielebis procesSia da dedamiwaze qristesmieri siyva-
rulis sabolood damkvidreba kvlavac momavalSi igulveba.
amgvarad xdeboda uflis kvarTis interpretacia jer
kidev pirveli saukuneebis qristianul moZRvrebaSi. am gage-
biT, uflis kvarTi zogadsakacobrio kuTvnilebaa, magram es
zogadsakacobrio kuTvnileba kenWisyriT saqarTvelos ergo.
swored es faqti qmnis erT-erT mniSvnelovan safuZvels, raTa
sworad iqnas danaxuli saqarTveloSi ganviTarebuli sulieri
cxovrebis Taviseburebebi.
axla gavixsenoT, Tu ra nawildeba mociqulTa Soris
saqadageblad — irkveva, rom isev mTeli qveyniereba. Tormeti
mociquliT warmodgenili savseoba simetriaSia qveynierebis
Tormet mxaresTan. rogorc cnobilia, qveynierebis mxareebad
warmodgenisas arsebobs rogorc oTxi mTavari mimarTulebiT
dayofa, aseve imave mTlianobis Tormet mxared warmodgenac.
am Tormet mxares aseve ukavSirebdnen makrosamyaros para-
metrebs — uZrav varskvlavTa cis dayofas Tormet zodiaqod.
mis analogiurad, dedamiwis zedapiric raime moniSnuli cen-
tridan aiTvleboda rogorc Tormeti mxare.
macxovris Tormetma mociqulma saqadageblad qveyniere-
bis Tormetive mxare gainawila. cxadia, am SemTxvevaSi ar igu-
lisxmeba fizikur planSi gansazRvra, Tu ramdenad Tanabrad
moicavs es ganawileba mTels qveynierebas. am SemTxvevaSi mTeli
qveyniereba sulieri xatis enazea warmodgenili.
irkveva, rom qveynierebis mxareTa am garkvevaSi Semodis
mecamete parametric (geometriuli TvalsazrisiT, wris cen-
tri, saidanac Tormeti mxare aiTvleba). wilisyraSi RvTis-
mSobelmac miiRo monawileoba da mas saqadageblad saqarTvelo
xvda wilad.
vfiqrobT, sruliad aSkaraa analogia am wilisyrisa gol-
goTaze ganxorcielebul wilisyrasTan. RvTismSobeli ar Sei-
Zleba warmovidginoT romelime erisTvis mikerZoebuli mniS-
vnelobiT. igi mTeli qveynierebisTvis erTnairadaa RvTismSo-
beli, iseve, rogorc uflis kvarTi mTeli kacobriobisaTvis
erTnairadaa uflis kvarTi.
swored amitomac, RvTismSobeli ar midis erT romelime
- 125 -
mxareSi qristianobis saqadageblad. igi rCeba imdroindeli su-
lieri movlenebis centrSi — ierusalimSi. yovelive amis miuxe-
davad, gveuwyeba, rom RvTismSobels saqadageblad saqarTvelo
xvda wilad da, marTalia, igi fizikurad ar Casula saqarT-
veloSi, magram qristianobis qadageba da gavrceleba saqarT-
veloSi swored RvTismSoblis inspiraciiT ganxorcielda.
Tu warmodgenil orive wilisyras davakvirdebiT, advilad
SevamCnevT, rom sivrcobrivi orientaciis TvalsazrisiT mov-
lenebis centrad igulisxmeba ierusalimi. orive es wilisyra
ierusalimSi ganxorcielda da amdenad aRniSnuli qveyniere-
bis mxareebic simbolurad ierusalimidan aiTvleba. rogorc
pirvel SemTxvevaSi uflis kvarTi, aseve RvTismSobelic uSua-
lod ukavSirdeba swored warmosaxviT centrs, saidanac igi
qveynierebis yvela mxares moicavs.
orive wilisyris mixedviT, qveynierebis aRniSnul centrs,
romelsac fizikurad ierusalimi warmoadgens, sulieri sim-
bolikis enaze mcxeTa daukavSirda. uflis kvarTic mcxeTaSi
Camodis da RvTismSobelsac wilisyriT es mxare xvdeba saqa-
dageblad.
ramdenadac pirveli saukuneebis qristianul saqarTvelo-
Si swored amgvari suraT-xatis gaazreba moxda, bunebrivia, mas
daukavSirda qarTlis imdroindeli sulieri centris, mcxeTis
axal ierusalimad gaazreba. marTlac, rogorc araerTxel
aRniSnula, mcxeTa da misi mimdebare garemo mTeli Tavisi to-
ponimikiTa da landSaftiT gaazrebulia rogorc axali ieru-
salimi.
mcxeTasa da mis SemogarenSi ganlagebuli sulieri kere-
bi naTlad imeoreben ierusalimur garemos. mcxeTis centrSi
aRmarTuli sveticxovlis taZari, sadac umTavresi siwminde,
uflis kvarTia dafluli, Tavisi mravali aspeqtiT ukavSir-
deba ierusalimSi arsebul solomonis taZars, romelic aseve
iudeuri samyaros umTavres sulier centrs warmoadgenda. am
taZris sakurTxevlis mxares mdebareobs golgoTis mTa. iu-
deur taZarSi, qristianulisagan gansxvavebiT, taZris sakur-
Txeveli piriqiT, dasavleTis mxaresaa, ase rom, mcxeTaSi sve-
ticxovlis aRmosavleTiT, misi sakurTxevlisken mdebare jvris
monasteri, romelic aseve borcvzea aRmarTuli, sivrcobrivad
zustad Seesabameba ierusalimur garemos. jvris monastris
dasaxelebac da saerTod masTan dakavSirebuli istoriac naT-
lad aCvenebs, rom igi uSualo simetriaSia golgoTasTan. aseve
- 126 -
SemorCenilia mRvime eklesiis nangrevebi, romelsac beTle-
mi ewodeba.5 samxreTiT aRmarTulia Taboris mTa. masze idga
feriscvalebis eklesia. CrdiloeTiT daaxloebiT sam kilo-
metrze mdebareobs mTa eleoni, anu amaRlebis mTa. mcxeTi-
dan samxreTiT 8-9 kilometrze mdebareobs beTania. tradicia
gadmogvcems, rom sveticxovlis garemoSic samefo baRi iyo
gaSenebuli. sveticxovelTan axlos dResac arsebobs egreT
wodebuli geTsemaniis baRi.
rogorc vxedavT, mcxeTis amgvari gaazreba am garemos war-
mosaxavs rogorc axal ierusalims, anu axal sulier centrs,
xolo zemoT warmodgenili sivrcobrivi orientacia, romel-
ic uflis kvarTisa da RvTismSoblis wilxvdomilobis ideebs
ukavSirdeba, swored amgvar gaazrebas TavisTavadac gulis-
xmobs.
XII saukuneSi qarTlis moqcevis movlenebis komentirebi-
sas qarTlis kaTalikos-patriarqi nikoloz I aRniSnavs, rom is
faqti, rom uflis kvarTi wilad iberias xvda da is mcxeTelma
ebraelebma Camoitanes, imas ki ar niSnavs, rom maT raime keTi-
li saqmeebis gamo jildod miiRes igi, aramed es moxda RmerTis
winaswari gangebulebiT. RmerTs winaswarve gadaewyvita qarT-
veli eris èrad sazepurod Semzadeba~ da radgan saqarTvelo
RvTismSoblis wilxvedri mxare iyo, umTavresad swored ami-
tomac Rirs iqmna igi aseTi didi madlisa.6 RmerTma winaswarve
warmoavlina udidesi madli `raTa pirveladve daiwindos kuar-
TiTa miT da madliTa RvTaebisa misisaiTa.~
ese igi, didi qarTveli moZRvris TqmiT, saqarTvelo kvar-
Tis warmogzavniT winaswarve iniSneba (iwindeba), raTa momaval-
Si mis wiaRSi aResrulos mniSvnelovani qristianuli misia. uf-
lis kvarTis niSnad warmogzavna aseve dakavSirebuli yofila
iberiis RvTismSoblisadmi wilxvdomilebis faqtTan.
rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, es ori movlena erTmaneTTan
Rrmadaa dakavSirebeli.
uflis kvarTisa da RvTismSoblisadmi wilxvdomiloba
qarTvel sasuliero moRvaweebs arasodes esmodaT rogorc
erovnuli gamorCeulobis, sxva erebze aRmatebulobis niSani.
am suraT-xatebSi aseTi ram arc igulisxmeba. amgvar sakacobrio
siwmindeebTan wilxvdomilobiT dakavSireba, pirvel rigSi, ga-
iazreboda rogorc erovnuli tvirTis erT-erTi specifikuri
saxe, rac qarTvel erSi uSulod badebda mTeli kacobriobis
bedisadmi gansakuTrebuli pasuxismgeblobis grZnobas. sau-
- 127 -
kuneebis ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi danergili amgvari gan-
wyobilebidan bunebrivad daibada is fenomeni, rac dResac
TvalnaTliv SeimCneva qarTveli eris garegnul cxovrebaSic
ki. mravalgzis aRniSnuli faqtia, rom saqarTveloSi gansa-
kuTrebulad xazgasmuladaa gamoxatuli sxva eris warmomad-
genlebisadmi gamorCeulad Semwynarebluri, tolerantuli
damokidebuleba.
am TvalsazrisiT, qarTuli kultura istoriuli ganvi-
Tarebis sxvadasxva safexurze uaRresad Taviseburi formebiT
iyo CarTuli sakacobrio cxovrebis mdinarebaSi.
qristianuli epoqis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos qristianuli
cxovrebis forma rom umTavresad swored uflis kvarTisa da
RvTismSoblis wilxvdomilobis ideebs daukavSirda, es mov-
lena, cxadia, SemTxveviTobas ar wamoadgens. xolo Tavad am
qristianuli cxovrebis formis Taviseburebebis sxvadasxva as-
peqtebi, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, mravalwilad wminda giorgisa
da wminda ninosgan momdinare impulsebiT ganisazRvra, rac,
rogorc Cans, Zalze Soreuli epoqebidan momdinare proce-
sebis uSualo gagrZelebas warmoadgenda.
§ 2. `viTarca talanti, winamZRuarTagan dafaruli~
Zvel qarTul werilobiT wyaroTagan Znelad Tu moiZebne-

ba iseTi teqsti, romelsac mkvlevarTa ufro meti yuradReba
daumsaxurebia, vidre wminda ninos cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis
amsaxvel Txzulebebs. am Txzulebebs im TvalsazrisiT kidev
ufro Znelad Seedreba sxva romelime, rom arc erT maTgans
ar gamouwvevia azrTa amdeni sxvadasxvaoba da dapirispireba.
sxvadasxva mkvlevarTa mier warmodgenili koncefciebi, pirvel
rigSi, swored urTierTsawinaaRmdego da urTierTgamomric-
xveli SedegebiT gamoirCevian.
ra iyo is ZiriTadi debuleba, rac safuZvlad daedo xse-
nebul gamokvlevaTa umravlesobas? — erTi SexedviT, Zalze
martivi da naTeli mosazreba. TiTqosda, ra kritika sWirdeba
im azrs, rom `qarTlis moqceva~ warmoadgens teqsts, romel-
Sic CvenTvis ucnobi mematiane mogviTxrobs qarTlis moqcevis
istoriuli faqtis Sesaxeb im istoriuli monacemebis moxmo-
- 128 -
biT, romlebic mas naSromis Seqmnisas moepoveba. calke kvlevis
sagnad iqca Tavad am mematianis vinaobisa da misi moRvaweo-
bis periodis garkveva. samwuxarod, es amocana sabolood ver
iqna gadawyvetili. `qarTlis moqcevis~ Seqmnis TariRi Zalze
did periodSi — IV saukunidan X saukunemdea navaraudevi. sxva-
dasxva mkvlevari sxvadasxva Tvalsazriss adgas da cal-calke
yvelas met-naklebad sando argumentebi gaaCnia.
zemoT moyvanili debuleba imdenad eWvmiutanel WeSmari-
tebad gamoiyureba, rom masze bolo dromde TiTqmis ar yo-
fila seriozuli kamaTi da mkvlevarTa didi umravlesobisaT-
vis aqsiomatur WeSmaritebas warmoadgenda. am debulebas aseve
bunebrivad daukavSirda teqstSi mocemuli istoriuli faqte-
bis kvlevis meTodikac, romlis mixedviTac teqstis parale-
lurad ganxilul iqna is WeSmariti, aRiarebuli istoriuli
sinamdvile, ris dadgenis saSualebasac analogiuri periodis
Sesaxeb arsebuli istoriuli wyaroebi iZlevian. am mizniT,
ganxilul iqna istoriuli monacemebi rogorc qarTuli, aseve
berZnuli, romauli, somxuri wyaroebidan. istoriul faq-
tTa Sejerebis gziT warmoCinda `WeSmaritad istoriuli~ saxe
im faqtebisa, romelTa Sesaxeb `qarTlis moqcevaSic~ aris
saubari. marTalia, `qarTlis moqcevam~ zogierTi istoriuli
faqti daadastura, magram bevr SemTxvevaSi winaaRmdegobaSi
aRmoCnda `WeSmarit istoriasTan.~
vfiqrobT, msgavs gamokvlevaTa amgvari Sedegebi ukve saw-
yis etapzeve iyo gansazRvruli, radgan maTi ZiriTadi amosava-
li debuleba mcdarad iyo dasmuli. miuxedavad am debulebis
erTi SexedviT logikuri da eWvmiutaneli formisa, misi Si-
naarsi sakmarisad ar moicavs sakvlevi movlenis ZiriTad arss,
ris gamoc arasworad mimarTavs am kvalze damdgar yvela
mkvlevars.
`qarTlis moqceva~ ar warmoadgens saero-istoriul nawar-
moebs. igi eklesiis wiaRSia Seqmnili, aTeuli saukuneebis man-
Zilzedac monastris kedlebSia Semonaxuli da ukve is faqti,
rom wminda ninos cxovrebis aRmwerel arc erT momdevno av-
tors ar auvlia misTvis gverdi, naTlad metyvelebs misadmi
uaRresad seriozul damokidebulebaze.
ramdenadac es teqsti eklesiis garemoSia Seqmnili, da imis
gaTvaliswinebiTac, rom igi eWvmiutanlad axali welTaRric-
xvis pirvel aTaswleuls ganekuTvneba, bunebrivia, vivaraudoT,
rom masSi mocemuli movlenebis gadmocemisas weris is manera
- 129 -
iyos gamoyenebuli, romelic sazogadod damaxasiaTebeli iyo
imdroindeli sasuliero teqstebis SeqmnisaTvis. im periodSi
ki sasuliero teqstebis Seqmna uciloblad bibliur tradi-
cias efuZneboda. wminda werilis forma da Sinaarsi iyo is
aucilebeli orientiri, ris mixedviTac sasuliero Txzuleba
iqmneboda.
sayovelTao aRiarebiT, saxareba imiT gansxvavdeba yvela
sxva religiuri sistemisgan, rom masSi ar aris gakeTebuli gan-
sakuTrebuli aqcenti religiis moZRvrebis saxiT Camoyalibe-
baze. amitomacaa, rom xSirad qristianobis arsSi zedapirulad
garkveul bevr Tanamedrove mkvlevars aRuniSnavs, rom saxare-
baSi mocemuli TiTqmis yvela ZiriTadi debulebis moZieba ma-
namdel religiur sistemebSi SeiZleba. es mosazreba garkveu-
lad sworicaa, magram imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom igi sulac ar
exeba qristianobis ZiriTad arss. qristianobaSi, rogorc re-
ligiur moZRvrebaSi, umTavresia ara axali msoflmxedveloba,
aramed Tavad istoriuli faqti, romelic sruliad realur
drosa da sivrceSi ganxorcielda. swored RmerTis gankace-
bis, misi jvarcmis, aRdgomisa da amaRlebis istoriuli faqti
warmoadgens axali aRTqmis safuZvelTa safuZvels. rac Seexe-
ba rjulis kanonsa Tu misteriul sibrZnes, maTi analogebi
marTlac moiZebneba winare religiur sistemebSi, magram amiT
qristianobas sruliadac araferi akldeba.
marTalia, maxarebelTa umTavresi amocana momxdari is-
toriuli movlenis Setyobineba, anu xarebaa, magram Txrobis
forma isea SerCeuli, rom igi saSualebas iZleva am movlenis
swori grZnobadi aRqmisaTvis, xolo mis arsSi ufro Rrmad
garkvevis msurvelisTvis igi amave dros warmodgeba im sulier
simboloTa dasrulebul sistemad, romelic sulieri samyaros
uSinaganes saidumloebebs ganacxadebs. am simbolikis dafa-
ruli saxe ar warmoadgens araviTar dabrkolebas saxarebis
grZnobadi aRqmisaTvis da igi yoveli morwmunisaTvis sruliad
gasageb enaze gadmogvcems qriatianuli mrwamsis safuZvlebs.
saxarebis teqstis gadmocemaSi umTavresi mniSvneloba swored
Txrobis alegoriul formas eniWeba. es alegoriuli forma,
Tavis mxriv, saWiroebs dazustebas. istoriisa da alegoriis
urTierTobis sakiTxs uaRresad lakoniurad gangvimartavs ne-
tari avgustine, roca amgvarad ganixilavs sakiTxs:
` . . . romeli rwmenaa ufro mtkice — istoriuli da dro-
ismieri, Tu sulieri da saukuno? am rwmenaTagan romlisadmi
- 130 -
unda iyos mimarTuli yovelgvari ganmarteba avtoritetisa?
ra uwyobs xels gulisxmisyofas da miRwevas saukunoisa, raSic
mdgomareobs kidec mizani yovel qvelis-saqmeTa, da rac aris
kidec sarwmunoeba yvela droismieri sagnisa? ra gansxvaveba
arsebobs istoriul, faqtiur alegoriasa, sityvismier alego-
riasa da saidumloebis alegorias Soris?”7
rogorc vxedavT, netari avgustine wminda werilis gan-
martebisaTvis yuradRebas alegoriuli formebis moazrebaze
amaxvilebs, rac, cxadia, ar gamoricxavs arc wminda istoriul
movlenaTa gadmocemas.
mniSvnelovani rangis sulier teqstebSi arc erTi epizodi,
Tu calkeuli alegoriuli saxe ar Tavsdeba calsaxa gansaz-
RvrebebiT gadmocemis farglebSi. arcerTi alegoriuli saxe
ar Semoifargleba raRac logikurad gansazRvruli niSniT.
azrovnebis amgvari forma Tanamedrove mecnieruli dargebis-
Tvisaa damaxasiaTebeli da aramc da aramc im epoqis sulieri
mdgomareobisTvis. ramdenadac Cveni dRevandeli azrovneba
ZiriTadad mainc cnebebiTa da gansazRvrebebiT agebul yalib-
Sia moqceuli da CvenTvis yvelaze advilad gasagebi da mi-
sawvdomi swored sagnis gansazRvrebebiT mocemuli gadmocemaa,
misi arsis ukeT CawvdomisaTvis aucilebelia gaTvaliswinebul
iqnas, rom yoveli gansazRvreba, ramdenad zustadac unda See-
sabamebodes sinamdviles, mxolod erT-erTi aspeqtTagania sag-
nis WeSmariti arsisa. alegoriebi, romlebic garkveul sulier
movlenebs gadmoscemen, uaRresad mravalmxriv daxasiaTebas
saWiroeben. sxvadasxva aspeqtSi es alegoriebi sxvadasxva sa-
xiT warmodgebian. logikuri azrovnebisTvis Znelad aRsaqme-
lia maTi mniSvnelobebis sazRvrebSi garkveva, radgan isini
mkacri gansazRvrebiTi CarCoebiT arc arian Semofarglulni;
es ki Zalze arTulebs movlenaTa warmodgenas CvenTvis kargad
nacnobi mizez-Sedegobrivi jaWvis saxiT.
istoriuli movlenis amgvari alegoriuli formiT gadmo-
cema, cxadia, gansakuTrebul moTxovnilebebs uyenebs teqstis
avtors. istoriuli sinamdvile ise unda iyos moTxrobili,
rom igi, pirvel rigSi, gadmoscemdes movlenis sulier arss
da amave dros realur istoriasac gamosaxavdes. teqsti unda
eqvemdebarebodes rogorc grZnobad, rwmenismier aRqmas, aseve
alegoriul wakiTxvas. amgvar moTxovnilebebs, cxadia, ekle-
siis wiaRSic erTeuli pirovnebebi akmayofilebdnen da swored
amitomac gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobac eniWeba maT naRvaws.
- 131 -
vfiqrobT, swored amgvari rangis moazrovnes daekisra
im urTulesi amocanis Sesruleba, rac dakavSirebulia saqar-
Tvelos istoriis umniSvnelovanesi movlenis — misi moqcevis
sulier planSi gadmocemasTan. avtori mogviTxrobs sruliad
realuri istoriuli movlenis, wminda ninos mier qarTlis mo-
qcevis faqtis Sesaxeb, magram mis umTavres mizans aramc da
aramc ar warmoadgens am movlenasTan dakavSirebuli istori-
uli faqtebis konstatacia. amgvari azrovnebis forma swored
dRevandeli istoriuli mecnierebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli, im
droisaTvis ki igi mxolod meorexarisxovan rols TamaSobda.
`qarTlis moqcevis~ avtori mTlianad Txrobis bibliur tradi-
cias eyrdnoba da alegoriis formiT gadmogvcems IV saukuneSi
mcxeTaSi momxdari grandiozuli movlenis sulier arss. misi
umTavresi mizania qarTveli eris qristianul gzaze Sedgomis
sawyis etapze moazrebul iqnas is sulieri mimarTulebebi,
romlebmac am eris samomavlo gza unda gansazRvros. `qar-
Tlis moqceva~ swored im sulier garemoSia Seqmnili, sadac
umTavres problemad axali epoqis dasawyisSi qarTveli eris
sulieri misiis gansazRvra idga. swored am teqstSia mocemu-
li yvela is sulieri safuZveli, romelTac Semdgom qarTveli
eris, rogorc saqristianos erT-erTi kuTxis, specifikuri
saxe gansazRvra.
ase rom, Tu mokled SevajamebT saTqmels, SeiZleba aRvniS-
noT, rom `qarTlis moqceva~ ar warmoadgens wminda istoriul
Txzulebas. igi Seqmnilia uaRresad Rrmad ganswavluli su-
lieri moRvawis mier, romlis ZiriTad mizans Seadgens wminda
ninos mier qarTlis moqcevis faqtis sulieri arsis gadmo-
cema, risTvisac igi iyenebs Txrobis bibliur maneras da ale-
goriebis enaze gadmogvcems sruliad realur, istoriul si-
namdviles, sadac istoriul statistikas mxolod meoreuli
mniSvneloba eniWeba.
swored es debuleba gaxlavT is pirveladi safuZveli,
romelsac winamdebare gamokvleva daefuZna.
rac Seexeba kvlevis meTods:
rogorc iTqva, umravles SemTxvevaSi kvlevis meTodic Ta-
vad problemis dasmiTaa gansazRvruli. vfiqrobT, sruliad
naTelia, rom warmodgenili saxiT dasmul sawyis pospulats
damakmayofileblad veRar Seesabameba kvlevis is meTodi,
romelic ZiriTadad ucvleli saxiT vrceldeboda `qarTlis
moqcevis~ gamokvlevaTa didi umravlesobisaTvis. ramdenadac
- 132 -
amosaval principebSi ukve aRar aris wina planze wamoweuli
movlenaTa wminda istoriul-faqtobrivi (statistikuri) xas-
iaTi, cxadia, teqstis analizi paralelur istoriul wyaroeb-
Tan misi Sejerebis gziT ukve azrs moklebulia. mis sanacvlod
aRniSnuli sawyisi pirobebi Tavad gansazRvravs kvlevis mi-
marTulebasac. ramdenadac `qarTlis moqcevis~ teqsti xaz-
gasmulad sulieri simbolikiT gansazRvrul teqstadaa miCneu-
li, cxadia, logikuria, rom misi analizi moxdes im wyaroebis
mixedviT, romlebic wminda werilis analogiuri gamomsaxvelo-
bis ganmartebebs iZlevian.
rogorc aRmosavleTis, aseve dasavleTis sasuliero cxov-

rebaSi mniSvnelovani sakvanZo etapi aRiniSna VIII-IX saukuneeb-
Si. rogorc zemoT ukve iyo naTqvami, am dros civilizebuli
kacobriobis istoriaSi mniSvnelovani krizisi daiwyo. Tavad
qristianuli cxovrebis wiaRSi warmoqmnili mZime problemebis
gadasawyvetad aucilebeli gaxda, rom winare periodSi kaco-
briobis sulier moZRvarTa mier saidumlo RvTismetyvelebis
saxiT ganviTarebuli moZRvrebis didi nawili sakulto msax-
urebaSi gadataniliyo. am SemTxvevaSi saubaria ara saRvTis-
metyvelo saidumloTa srul egzoterizaciaze, aramed misi
nawilis gacxadebaze garkveuli sasuliero kerebis SigniT.
dasavleTSi swored VIII saukuneSi iqmneba graalis misteriasTan
dakavSirebuli sasuliero centrebi.
aRmosavleT saqristianoSi, kerZod saqarTveloSi, iwyeba
aqtiuri samonastro moRvaweoba. es sulieri aRmavloba Ziri-
Tadad grigol xanZTelis saxels ukavSirdeba. misi Zalisxmevis
Sedegad saqarTvelos teritoriaze iqmneba ramdenime Zalze
mniSvnelovani sasuliero centri.
amjerad gvinda yuradReba gavamaxviloT grigol xanZTelis
mier daarsebul Satberdis monasterSi dacul iseT mniSvnelo-
van xelnawerze, rogoricaa `moqcevaY qarTlisaY~.
Satberdis monasterSi gadaweril `moqcevis~ teqsts ax-
lavs saintereso minaweri, romelic iuwyeba, rom es Txzuleba
Zalze Zvelia, igi saukuneebis winaa Seqmnili, magram am dromde
sruliad miznobrivad, uSualod sulier moZRvarTa mier iyo
dafaruli. aRniSnul periodSi (daaxloebiT IX-X ss.) ki ukve
- 133 -
adgili aqvs mis werilobiTi saxiT gadmocemas.
minaweri il. abulaZis gamocemis mixedviT ase ikiTxeba:
`wigni qarTlisa moqcevisaY, romliTa RmerTman naTeli
gamoabrwyinva, dasabami wmidaTa eklesiaTa gamobrwyinvebisaY
(ZalTa zecisa mgalobelTa gundTa yuavilad ubiwoY sarwmu-
novebaY SeuZravi kedeli qristessa. ese Cuenisa codvisaY xsnaY
da margebel) sulisaY, viTarca talanti winamZRuarTagan da-
faruli, Semdgomad mravalTa JamTa da welTa vpoveT.~ 8
rogorc vxedavT, gadamweri mianiSnebs, rom es sulieri sa-
ganZuri misi Seqmnis `Semdgomad mravalTa JamTa da welTa~ iqna
maT mier mopovebuli. xolo am drois manZilze es moZRvreba
dakarguli ki ar iyo, aramed sruliad Segnebulad iyo dafar-
uli eris sulier moZRvarTa mier (`viTarca talanti winamZRu-
arTagan dafaruli~).
eris winamZRvarTagan saukuneebis manZilze, ese igi IV sau-
kunidan IX saukunemde dafaruli saganZuris gaxsna moxda ara
saxalxod, saero cxovrebis doneze, aramed monastrebis wi-
aRSi. saRvTismetyvelo saidumloTa amgvari gamotana Tundac
samonastro doneze ukve warmoadgenda maTi egzoterizaciis
garkveul safexurs. xolo am sibrZnis gacxadebis Semdgomi
safexuri ukve XII-XIII saukuneebSi aRiniSna. es movlena analogi-
uri saxiT ganxorcielda qristianul aRmosavleTSic da dasav-
leTSic.
§ 3. `qarTlis moqcevis~ bibliuri qargili
`qarTlis moqceva~ iwyeba qarTlis istoriis mokle mimo-

xilviT. kerZod, moTxrobilia, Tu rogor moxda qarTvelTa
dasaxleba maT teritoriebze da mocemulia qarTlis mefeTa
genealogiuri xazi pirveli mefidan qarTlis moqcevis epo-
qamde, ese igi, mirian mefemde.
`moqcevis~ Sesavali amgvarad gamoiyureba:
`pirvel, odes aleqsandre mefeman naTesavni igi loTis
SvilTani wariqcina da Sexadna igini kedarsa mas queyanasa, ix-
ilna naTesavni sastikni bun-Turqni, msxdomareni mdinaresa
zeda mtkuarsa mixueviT, oTx qalaqad, da dabnebi maTi: sarkine-
qalaqi, kaspi, urbnisi da oZraxe, da cixeni maTni: cixe didi
sarkinisaY, ufliscixe kaspisa, urbnisisa da oZraxisaY.
- 134 -
daukvirda aleqsandres da cna, rameTu ieboselTa naTe-
savni iyvnes, yovelsa xorcielsa Wamdes da samare maTi ara
iyo, mkudarsa SeSWamdes. da ver eZlo brZolaY maTi mefesa da
warvida.
maSin movides naTesavni mbrZolni, qaldevelTagan gamosx-
mulni, honni, da iTxoves bun-TurqTa uflisagan queyanaY
xarkiTa da dasxdes igini zanavs.
da epyra igi romel xarkiTa aqunda, hrqvian mas xerki.
da Semdgomad raodenisame Jamisa movida aleqsandre, mefe
yovlisa queyanisaY, da dalewna samni ese qalaqni da cixeni, da
honTa dasca maxvili.
xolo sarkinesa qalaqsa ebrZola aTerTmet TTue da dadga
sarkinesa dasavaliT kerZo da daasxa venaxi da ruY gamoiRo
qsniT, da dasxna kacni meruveni dastagiTa ruisaiTa; da hrqvi-
an adgilsa mas nastagisi.
da merme gamoiRo sarkine. TviT dayares da meot iqmnnes.
da Tana-hyvanda aleqsandres mefesa azoY, Ze arian-qarTlisa
mefisaY, da mas miuboZa mcxeTaY sajdomad da sazRvari daudva
mas hereTi, da egris wyali, da somxiTi da mTaY crolisaY da
warvida.
xolo ese azoY warvida arian-qarTlad, mamisa Tvisisa da
warmoiyvana rvaY saxli da aTni saxlni mama-mZuZeTani, da dajda
Zuel mcxeTas da Tana-hyvandes kerpni RmrTad — gaci da ga.
a. da ese iyo pirveli mefe mcxeTas Sina azoY, Ze arian-
qarTvelTa mefisaY, da mokuda.~9
am epizodSi ZiriTadi aqcenti gakeTebulia aleqsandre
makedonelis daxmarebiT qarTvelTa dasaxlebaze qarTlis
teritoriebze, sadac manamde Turme bun-Turqebi cxovrob-
dnen. Semdgomi movlenebi ukve mxolod sqematuradaa mocemu-
li da qarTlis mefeTa sia mciredi miniSnebebiTaa CamoTvlili
azodan mirianamde.
rogorc saerTod mTel Txzulebas, XX saukunis mecnieru-
li azri am epizodsac sruli undoblobiT Sexvda. magaliTad,
ivane javaxiSvili sayvedurobs `moqcevis~ avtors imis gamo,
rom `TviT cnobebSiac mematianes msxvili Secdomebi Sehparvia:
aleqsandre makedonelis laSqroba kavkasiaSi mas utyuar amba-
vad miaCnia.~10
gansaxilveli epizodis arsSi gasarkvevad aucilebelia
droebiT gverdze gadavdoT misi wminda istoriul-faqtobrivi
aspeqtebi (rac isedac meorexarixovania `moqcevis~ avtoris-
- 135 -
Tvisac) da SevecadoT teqstSi mocemuli ìstoriis alegori-
is~ wakiTxvas.
SevniSnoT, rom Txroba qarTvelTa qarTlSi dafuZnebis
Sesaxeb mTlianad bibliur istorias eyrdnoba. qarTvelTa gad-
mosaxlebis Sesaxeb imgvaradaa moTxrobili, rom es movlena
uSualo simetriaSia wminda werilSi mocemul analogiur is-
toriasTan — kerZod, ebraeli eris damkvidrebasTan aRTqmul
qveyanaSi.
rogorc biblia mogviTxrobs, ebraelTa dasaxleba
aRTqmul qveyanaSi ganxorcielda uSualod uflis ganzrax-
viTa da xelSewyobiT. es iyo saRmrTo gangebuleba, magram Ta-
vad ebraeli eris Tavnebobisa da codvebis gamo es procesi
rTulad ganxorcielda. RmerTma isini egviptis tyveobidan
gamoiyvana da sinas mTaze rjuli misca. meore wels ebraelebi
mdinare iordanes miadgnen, romlis gadaRmac iyo is qveyana,
romelic samkvidrod maT aRuTqva ufalma. mosem mzveravebi
gagzavna mdinaris gadaRma da ormoci dRis Semdeg maT moi-
tanes ambavi, rom im teritoriebze cxovrobdnen Zalian Zlieri
tomebi, romelTa damarcxebac SeuZlebeli iqneboda ebraele-
bisTvis. miuxedavad imisa, rom RmerTisagan hqondaT nabrZane-
bi, ebraelebi SeuSindnen maTTan SebrZolebas da ukan gabrune-
ba amjobines. swored amitomac daisajnen. RmerTma maT wilad
arguna ormocwliani mogzauroba udabnoSi, romlis drosac es
Taoba mTlianad gamoicvala. mxolod ormoci wlis Semdeg isu
naves winamZRolobiT ebraelebma gadalaxes iordane da Rmer-
Tis SewevniT qanaanis damkvidreba SeZles.
axla ki `moqcevis~ sawyisi epizodi am bibliur istoria-
sTan mimarTebaSi ganvixiloT:
zeda mtkuarsa mixueviT . . .~
TiTqosda ucnaurad gamoiyureba imis uwyeba, rom qarTlSi
mosvlis win aleqsandre makedonelma loTis STamomavlebi daa-
marcxa. wminda istoriuli TvalsazrisiT, makedonelis uamravi
sabrZolo gamarjvebebidan ratomRac loTis STamomavlebis
damarcxebis gamorCeva, cxadia, araviTar gansakuTrebul mov-
lenas ar unda warmoadgendes, miT umetes, rom am tomebis sam-
kvidrebeli teritoriebi imdroindeli masStabiT warmoudgen-
lad Sorsaa qarTlisagan.
- 136 -
istoriul planSi `moqcevis~ es cnoba, cxadia, realobasac
gamoxatavs, radgan makedonelma sxva mraval qveyanasTan er-
Tad es teritoriebic daipyro, magram teqstis dasawyisSive am
faqtis aRniSvna didi gaugebroba iqneboda, mas rom sruliad
sxva azrobrivi datvirTva ar hqondes. aq umTavresi isaa, rom
im periodSi, roca ebraelebi udabnoSi ormocwliani mogzau-
robis Semdeg iordanes napirebisaken gaemarTnen, ukanasknelad
maT swored is teritoriebi gaiares, romlebic aseve saRmrTo
gangebulebiT loTis STamomavlebs ekuTvnodaT. RmerTi am-
gvarad mimarTavs iordanesken mimavali ebraelebis winamZRols
isu naves:
`nu emterebiT moabelTa magaT da nuca aRadginebT magaT
mimarT Ruawlsa brZolisasa, rameTu ara migec Tquen queyana
ege magaTi xelTa TquenTa, rameTu ZeTa loTisTa mimicemies
igi nawilad mkvidrobisa maTisa.~11
rogorc vxedavT, iordanes misadgomebTan, saidanac
ebraelebi aRTqmul qveyanaSi unda Sesuliyvnen, dasaxldnen
maTi monaTesave tomebi — loTis STamomavlebi. bibliuri is-
toriisgan gansxvavebiT, `moqcevis~ avtorma aRniSna, rom make-
donelma daamarcxa es tomebi da Semdeg miadga mtkvris sana-
piroebs. mtkvari uSualo simetriaSia iordanesTan. am terito-
riebze cxovrobdnen `naTesavni sastikni bun-Turqni~. `dauk-
virda aleqsandres da cna, rameTu ieboselTa naTesavni iyvnes,
yovelsa xorcielsa Wamdes da samare maTi ara iyo, mkudarsa
SeSWamdes. da ver eZlo brZola maTi mefesa da warvida.~
am SemTxvevaSic Txroba kvlav bibliur istorias efuZne-
ba.
vin iyvnen is xalxebi, romlebic ebraelebisaTvis gankuT-
vnil teritoriebze cxovrobdnen da romelTa ganadgurebac
saRmrTo gangebulebiT iyo gadawyvetili?
ufali am xalxebis Sesaxeb auwyebs moses:
`qeteli igi, gergeseveli, amoreveli igi da qananeli igi
da ferezeli igi da eveli igi da ioboseli igi, Svidi igi naTe-
savi did-didi da uZlieresi Tquensa . . .~12
rogorc vxedavT, ieboselni arian erT-erTi im xalxTagani,
vinc ebraelTa misvlamde aRTqmul qveyanaSi cxovrobdnen. amave
dros swored ieboselni arian mTiani nawilis mkvidrni.13 ram-
denadac qarTlic mTiani mxarea, amiT kidev erTxel esmeba xazi
aq mkvidrTa msgavsebas aRTqmuli qveynis Zvel mosaxleobasTan.
aleqsandre makedonels isic SeumCnevia, rom ieboselTa naTe-
- 137 -
savni kaciWamiebi iyvnen da `yovelsa xorcielsa Wamdes.~ diax,
aRTqmuli qveynis Zveli mkvidrni swored kaciWamiebi yofilan.
rodesac ebraelebma mzveravebi gagzavnes am mxareSi, maT moi-
tanes ambavi, rom `queyana igi, romel Cuen ganvleT da vixileT,
queyana igi SemWmeli ars mkvidrTa misTa.~14
`moqcevis~ mixedviT kaciWamia ieboselTa xilvisas makedo-
nels SeSinebia da ukan gabrunebula. swored igive daemarTaT
ebraelebsac. maTac SeeSindaT aRTqmuli qveynis mkvidr mosax-
leobasTan SebrZolebisa da ukan gabrundnen. mxolod meore
laSqrobisas SeZles maT iordanes gadalaxva da maTi damor-
Cileba. aleqsandre makedonelsac meored mouxda qarTlSi ga-
molaSqreba am teritoriebis dasamorCileblad. amave epizodSi
gvxvdeba aseve bibliuri istoriis msgavsi epizodi. sarkines
cixis garemocva da kedlebis moxerxebulad dangrevis epizodi
saocrad exmaureba ebraelTa mier ierixonis kedlebis saswau-
lebriv dangrevasa da am cixe-qalaqis aRebas.
rogorc vxedavT, `moqcevaSi~ naxsenebi makedonelis ori
laSqroba sruliad garkveul alegoriul Sinaarss gamoxatavs
da amdenad umiznoa is mecnieruli dava, rac am istoriuli
faqtis realur planSi ganxilvasTanaa dakavSirebuli.
amjerad gvinda zemoT moTxrobili epizodis iseTi mniS-
vnelovani adgilebi, rogoricaa makedonelis laSqrobebis Su-
aledSi honTa mosvla da qarTlis warmarT mefeTa sia, droe-
biT gadavdoT da `moqcevidan~ gavixsenoT is epizodi, sadac
moTxrobilia, Tu rogor Semovida wminda nino qarTlSi.
rogorc Tavad wminda ninosagan gveuwyeba, mas Semdeg rac
man uflis kvarTis saflavis moZebna gadawyvita da qarTli-
saken gaemarTa, rifsimesa da gaianesTan erTad somxeTis teri-
toria gamoiara:
òrmocdaaTi suli warmovemarTeniT TTuesa pirvelsa
aTxuTmetsa da gamovediT areTa somxiTisaTa, samoTxesa mas
Trdat mefisasa. igini moiklnes mun TTuesa pirvelsa, ocdaaT-
sa, dResa paraskevsa.
xolo me davSTi ekalTa Sina vardisaTa.~15
aq wminda ninos moesma uflis xma, romelic mouwodebda
qarTlisaken wasvlas: `xolo Sen aRdeg da vidode aRmosava-
liT, sada-igi ars samkali friad da muSakni yovladve ara ar-
ian.~ `da TTuesa meoTxesa warved mTaTa zeda javaxeTisaTa,
raiTa vcna, Tu sadaiT ars mcxeTaY. da mivemTxvie mTasa zeda
tbasa didsa gardamdinaresa, romelsa erqua faravnaY, da dav-
- 138 -
deg mun or dRe.~
aqedan wminda ninom dainaxa qarTlis misadgomebi:
`mivxeden mTaTa CrdiloisaTa, rameTu dReTa zafxulisaTa
savseni Cndes hiririTa da TovliTa sastikiTa. da SevZrwundi
friad da vTqu: ùfalo, ufalo, mimiRe suli Cemi Cemgan.~ da
moviRe lodi erTi da davidev sasTunalad Tavsa, da gardasa-
dinelsa mis tbisasa daviZine. da movida CuenebiT kaci erTi
hasakiTa zomieri, TmiTa naxevar-Tmosani, da momca me wigni
dabeWduli da mrqua me: àRdeg da swrafiT miarTu ese mcxe-
Tas mefesa warmarTTasa.~ da viwye tiriliT vedrebad missa da
varqu: ùfalo, dedakaci var ucxoY da umecari, viTar mivide
me, arca enaY vici, Tu raY vTqua ucxoTa naTesavTa Tana.~ maSin
ganxsna wigni igi da momca me kiTxvad. dawerili iyo hromael-
ebr da dabeWduli iyo iesuisi.
dawerilni iyvnes aTni sityuani, viTarca-igi pirvel
ficarTa qvisaTa.~
amis Semdeg wminda nino qarTlSi Sevida da didi siZnelee-
bis gadalaxvis Semdeg mcxeTamde miaRwia.
am epizodSi mocemuli faqtebis Sesaxeb Zalze bevri
Tqmula da dawerila. es gansakuTrebiT Seexeba Tveebisa da
ricxvebis dasaxelebas. `moqcevis~ danarCen TariRebSi Tveebis
dasaxelebisas gamoiyeneba maTi romauli dasaxelebebi. mxolod
am epozodSi ar aris miniSnebuli amgvari dasaxelebani da isini
mxolod rigobrivi nomrebiT moixsenieba. sxvadasxva gamok-
vlevaSi qarTlis moqcevis daTariRebisTvis amosaval princi-
pad xSirad swored iseTi faqtebi iyo miRebuli, rogoricaa,
magaliTad, Tu rodis iyo pirveli Tvis 30 ricxvSi paraskevi
(rogorc es teqstSia miTiTebuli).16 aseve saberZneTidan 15
dRiani gzis gaTvaliswinebiT iqna gansazRvruli wminda ninosa
da misi megobrebis wamosvlis adgili. aseTma gaangariSebebma,
cxadia, bevri Sesworeba gamoiwvia Tavad `moqcevis~ monace-
mebSi. `moqcevis~ zogierTi Secdoma gadamwerebs dabraldaT.
vfiqrobT, teqstSi aRniSnuli TariRebi swored ise arian mo-
cemuli, rogorc unda iyvnen, mxolod isini wakiTxul unda
iqnan im konteqstSi, romlSic arian mocemulni.
gansaxilvel epizodSi Txroba Seexeba sruliad realuri
istoriuli faqtis gadmocemas, magram TxrobaSi gamoyenebu-
li alegoriebi imgvaradaa mocemuli, rom mxolod wminda ni-
nos saqarTveloSi SemosvlasTan dakavSirebul statistikur
monacemebs ki ar afiqsirebs, aramed am alegoriebis Sinaarsi
- 139 -
mianiSnebs Tavad am movlenis sulier mniSvnelobas. avtors,
pirvel rigSi, ainteresebs am faqtis sulieri mxare da mxolod
Semdeg istoriul-faqtobrivi.
marTebuladaa aRniSnuli, rom teqstSi dasaxelebuli
pirveli Tve ebrauli kalendris mixedviT aris aTvlili.
pirveli Tvis 15 ricxvi ukavSirdeba maT did dResaswauls —
egviptidan gamosvlas. ase rom, Txroba am epizodSi kvlav bib-
liur istorias efuZneba.
wminda nino gvauwyebs, rom isini saberZneTidan gamoiq-
cnen pirveli Tvis 15-Si. marTlac, swored am dRes aRiniSneba
ebraeli eris egviptidan gamosvla. pirvel TveSi igulisxmeba
ebrauli kalendris pirveli Tve — nisani. `moqcevis~ mixed-
viT, nisanis 15-Si saberZneTidan gamoqceuli ltolvilebi ima-
ve Tvis bolos ukve somxeTSi iyvnen da Trdatma sikvdiliT
dasaja rifsime da gaiane. `moqcevis~ am informaciis mimarT
mkvlevarTa undoblobis erT-erTi mizezi isaa, rom somxur
wyaroebSi wmindanebis dasjis gansxvavebuli TariRia dasaxele-
buli. aseve eWvis qveSaa `moqcevaSi~ mocemuli movlenebis ase-
Ti swrafi ganviTareba 15 dRian monakveTSi.
vfiqrobT, teqstis avtorisTvis sruliad ucxoa amgvari
racionalizmi. misTvis umniSvnelovanes moments warmoadgens
is, rom wmindanTa wamebas win uZRvis 15 dRiani monakveTi. es
ricxviTi simbolo ki mravlismetyvelia analogiuri movlenis
sulieri arsis gadmosacemad. magaliTad, agaTangelosis mier
moTxrobil somxeTis gaqristianebis istoriaSic es ricxvi-
Ti simbolo ramdenjerme moixsenieba. misi cnobiT, somxeTis
moqceva moxda qristianTa 15 wliani devnis Semdeg. somxeTis
episkoposad xeldasxmamde grigol ganmanaTlebelmac 15 weli
gaatara ormoSi. qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviT, 15 wlis iyo
miriani, roca misi meuRle — farnavazianTa ukanaskneli STamo-
mavali gardaicvala. `moqcevis~ mixedviT, aseve 15 wliani pe-
riodiT gamoisaxa wminda ninos moRvaweoba qarTlSi mosvlidan
mis micvalebamde.
n. maris, k. kekeliZis da sxvaTa maxvil mzeras, marTalia, am
teqstSi SemCneuli aqvT gadamwerTa mier daSvebuli zogierTi
koreqturuli Secdoma (gansakuTrebiT ucxouri gamoTqmebis
gadawerisas), magram yvela es Secdoma mxolod teqstis kore-
qturas Seexeba da araviTar SemTxvevaSi faqtebisa da daTari-
Rebebis arevas.
ase rom, `moqcevis~ uwyebaSi, rom wminda ninosa da misi me-
- 140 -
gobrebis ltolva saberZneTidan moxda `TTuesa pirvelsa aT-
xuTmetsa~, gagebuli unda iqnas misi sulieri mniSvnelobiT. ese
igi, maTi wamosvla saberZneTidan pirdapir simetriaSia iseT
bibliur movlenasTan, rogoricaa ebraelTa ltolva egvipti-
dan. TariRTa damTxveva, pirvel rigSi, swored am paralels
mianiSnebs. amave TveSi vardTa yvavilobaze miTiTebac bibli-
uri istoriidan momdinareobs. swored ebraelTa egviptidan
gamosvlisasac vardni yvaodnen. `Jamsa mas TTvisa vardobisasa,
rameTu TTuesa mas yuavilobisasa gamoxued Sen queyanisa mis-
gan egviptelTasa.~17
rac Seexeba im faqts, rom wminda nino qarTlSi Semovida
`TTuesa meoTxesa,~ aqac Txroba bibliur enaze viTardeba. `mo-
qcevis~ mixedviT, `TTuesa meoTxesa~ wminda nino movida java-
xeTSi `mTasa zeda tbasa didsa gardamdinaresa, romelsac er-
qua faravnai~ da dadga iq òr dRe~.~ Semdeg iqvea miTiTebuli,
rom im dros `dReTa zafxulisaTa~ mosCandnen Tovliani mTebi
da wminda ninos gzis gagrZelebisadmi Zlieri SiSi gauCnda.
movlenaTa amgvar ganviTarebas pirdapiri kavSiri aqvs bib-
liasTan. gavixsenoT, rogoraa moTxrobili analogiuri epizo-
di Zvel aRTqmaSi: egviptidan gamosvlis meore wels `TTuesa
meoresa, ocsa TTvisasa~ ebraelebi gavidnen sinas udabnodan
da daibanakes ùdabnosa mas faranisasa.~18 rogorc vxedavT,
`moqcevis~ dasaxelebuli teritoria `faravna“ etimologiurad
emTxveva bibliur dasaxelebas. ebraelebma `faranis~ udabnoSi
daibanakes da swored iqidan apirebdnen aRTqmul qveyanaSi Ses-
vlas. mdinaris meore napirze ukve moCanda am qveynis terito-
riebi (faravnis tbidanac wminda nino qarTlis teritoriebs
umzers). 10 dRis Semdeg mosem mzveravebi gagzavna iordanes
gadaRma. mzveravebi 40 dRis Semdeg dabrundnen da, rogorc
aRniSnulia, am dros `dReni igi iyunes dReni zafxulisani da
Jami msTvisaY yurZnisa.~19 `moqcevaSic~ xazgasmuladaa aRniSnu-
li, rom wminda nino faravanze mivida `dReTa zafxulisaTa~.
rogorc Zveli aRTqmidan Cans, meore Tvis 20 ricxvSi fa-
ranis udabnoSi dabanakebul ebraelebTan mzveravebi dabrun-
dnen 50 dRis Semdeg, ese igi, es periodi swored meoTxe Tves
emTxveva. meoTxe TveSi mzveravTagan motanili SemaSfoTebeli
informaciis Semdeg ebraeli eri dadga arCevanis winaSe, an
unda gadaelaxa iordane da SebrZoleboda maTze bevrad ufro
Zlier tomebs, an ukan gabrunebuliyo. ebraelebi Zlierma SiS-
ma moicva.
- 141 -
analogiurive suraTia faravnis tbasTanac. aseve meoTxe
TveSi faravnis tbasTan mosuli wminda ninoc SeSinda Tov-
liani mTebis xilvisa da im teritoriebidan mosuli mwyemse-
bisa da meTevzeebis informaciis mosmenis Semdeg. masac gauC-
nda SiSi, rom ver SeZlebda im misiis aRsrulebas, rac jer
kidev ierusalimSi yofnisas itvirTa. swored am epizodSi
dgeba is mniSvnelovani momenti, roca `moqcevis~ avtori aya-
libebs konceptualur damokidebulebas im problematikis mi-
marT, rac dakavSirebulia Zvel da axal aRTqmiseul movle-
naTa urTierTgansxvavebasTan. rogorc aRniSnulia, uflisagan
gamxnevebis Semdeg mesame dRes wminda ninom daZlia pirovnuli
SiSi da mcxeTisken gaemarTa. am epizodis Sefasebisas didi
gulubryviloba iqneboda gvefiqra, rom avtors mxolod imis
Cveneba unda, rom ebraeli erisagan gansxvavebiT wminda ninos
meti unari aRmoaCnda gansacdelis daZlevisa. am epizodSic
da movlenaTa Semdgom ganviTarebaSic xazgasmuladaa dafiq-
sirebuli is umTavresi niSnebi, rac damaxasiaTebelia axali,
qristianuli epoqisTvis gansxvavebiT winareqristianulisagan.
winareqristianul epoqaSi faranis udabnoSi ebraeli eri aseve
RvTis mfarvelobis pirobebSi Tavisi koleqtiuri cnobiere-
bidan gamomdinare iRebda gadawyvetilebas. egvipteSi monobiT
gamowveuli sulieri gadagvarebis gamosworeba maTi koleqti-
uri cnobierebisTvis SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda. amitomac saWiro
gaxda udabnoSi ormocwliani gzis gavla da Taobis gamocvla.
gansxavebiT Zveli aRTqmiseuli principebisagan, ùdabnos Tao-
bisa~ da `Taobis savaldebulo gamocvlis~ cnebebi absolu-
turad miuRebelia qristianuli msoflmxedvelobisaTvis. jer
erTi, qristianul msoflmxedvelobas wina planze gamoaqvs ara
koleqtiuri cnobierebis, aramed pirovnulis problema — ada-
mianis pirovnuli Tavisufleba. faranis udabnos epizodisagan
gansxvavebiT, faravnis tbaze individualuri pirovneba dgas
gadawyvetilebis miRebis winaSe. es aris uaRresad mniSvnelo-
vani gansxvaveba Zvel da axal aRTqmiseul principebs Soris.
ormocwliani mogzaurobis Semdeg ebraelebi kvlav mi-
adgnen iordanes. am SemTxvevaSi ukve isu naves xelmZRvanelo-
biT. uflis SewevniT maT gadalaxes iordane da aRTqmul qveya-
naSi Sevidnen.
faravanTan dakavSirebul istoriaSi `moqcevis~ avtori am
epizodsac xazgasmulad gamoexmaura. rogorc Zveli aRTqma
iuwyeba, ufalma iordaneze gadasvlamde sami dRiT adre gaa-
- 142 -
frTxila isu nave da momzadeba ubrZana:
àRhmzadeT sagzali, rameTu Semdgomad samisa dRisa wi-
aRslvad xarT iordanesa amas.~20
aqedan ori dRis Semdeg isu navem mouwoda ebraelT:
`ganiwmideniT xvalisa, rameTu xvale yos ufalman Tquen
Soris sakvirveli.~21
rogorc vxedavT, ukanaskneli sami dRis pirveli ori dRe
ebraelebi sagzals amzadebdnen, xolo mesame dRes xdeba su-
lieri momzadeba — ganwmenda.
swored analogiuri suraTi gvaqvs faravnis tbazec. wminda
nino amgvarad mogviTxrobs:
`da davdeg mun or dRe, viTxove sazrdeli meTevzurTagan
da ganvZlierdi ZaliTa miT sazrdelisaiTa, da madli Sevswire
RmerTsa. da mwyemsni iyvnes masve adgilsa da xumilvides sax-
umilavsa Ramisasa samwysoTa Sina maTTa.~22
ese igi, faravnis tbaze mosvlis pirveli ori dRis gan-
mavlobaSi wminda nino meTevzeebsa da mwyemsebs Sexvda da
sazrdeli miiRo. TavisTavad `meTevzeebisa~ da `mwyemsis~ sim-
boloebic uSualod ukavSirdebian axali aRTqmis warmodge-
nebs. amiT xazgasmulia gansxvaveba Zveli aRTqmis analogiur
epizodTan SedarebiT.
mesame dRe ebraelebma locvasa da ganwmendas moaxmares.
aseve xdeba faravanzec. uflisadmi vedrebis Semdeg wminda
nino TavTiT lods idebs da iZinebs. am SemTxvevaSi kvlav Zveli
aRTqmiseuli epizodi SeiZleba gavixsenoT. swored amgvari
saxiTaa mocemuli uflis iakobisadmi gamocxadeba mefeTa
velze: `da miiRo qvaY qvaTagan adgilisaTa da daidva sasTunal
Tvisa da daiZina mun. da ezmaneboda: da aha kibe damyarebuli
queyanasa zeda, romlisa Tavi miswuTeboda cad da angelozni
RmrTisani aRvidodes da gardamovidodes mas zeda.~23
faravnis tbazedac gamocxadebas aqvs adgili. wminda ninos
uflis dabeWdili wigni gadaecema.
am epizodSi uaRresad maxvilgonivruladaa ganxorciele-
buli Zveli aRTqmidan momdinare ramdenime epizodis ur-
TierTSerwyma. rogorc vnaxeT, aq erTobliobaSia moazrebuli
ebraelTa mier iordaneze gadasvlis orive cda. amave dros
aqve gvxvdeba iakobis gamocxadebasTan gatarebuli paraleli.
amaT garda avtori Zveli aRTqmis kidev erT umniSvnelovanes
motivs aviTarebs. igi qristianuli interpretaciiT gad-
mogvcems paralels sinas mTaze mosesadmi rjulis micemasTan
- 143 -
dakavSirebiT. wminda ninos swored aTi mcnebis formiT gada-
ecema uflis werili. am paralelze iqve uSualod mieTiTeba:
`dawerilni iyvnen aTni sityuani, viTarca-igi pirvel ficarTa
qvisaTa.~
es aTi mcneba, cxadia, ar aris igive, rac moses aTi mcneba.
aq aTi mcnebis formiTaa Camoyalibebuli wminda werilidan
aRebuli sxvadasxva fragmenti. maTi Sinaarsis ganxilva calke
Temaa da amjerad masze ar SevCerdebiT. aq mxolod imas SevniS-
navT, rom TariRebTan dakavSirebuli ricxviTi simbolikis
TvalsazrisiT am SemTxvevaSic damTxvevas aqvs adgili. ebrae-
lebi egviptidan pirveli Tvis 14-Si gamovidnen (paseqi 14-Sia,
xolo 15-Si am movlenasTan dakavSirebuli dResaswaulia). aqe-
dan 50-e dRes isini sinas udabnoSi mividnen. aqedan me-10 dRes
mose sinas mTaze avida da iq 40 dRe darCa. swored maSin mieca
mas rjuli. aTi mcnebac, cxadia, am rjulis umTavresi nawilia.
ase rom, Tu dReTa mocemul raodenobas viangariSebT, aRmoC-
ndeba, rom moses rjuli swored meoTxe TveSi mieca. rogorc
vnaxeT, faravnis tbazedac meoTxe Tves gadaeca wminda ninos
ieso qristes dabeWdili wigni aTi mcnebiT.
uflis weriliT gamxnevebuli wminda nino `gardmosadi-
nelsa mis tbisasa~ mihyva da mcxeTisken gaemarTa.
ebraelTa aRTqmul qveyanaSi misvlis bibliuri Temis
gamoxmaureba `moqcevis~ Semdgom epizodSic grZeldeba. aq
ukve saubaria wminda ninos uSualod mcxeTaSi Sesvlaze. mana-
mde wminda nino eswreba qarTvelTa warmarTul dResaswauls,
romelic armazis kerpTanaa dakavSirebuli. qarTvelTa cTo-
milebiT SeZrwunebuli nino loculobs uflis mimarT, rasac
mohyva armazis kerpebis msxvreva:
`dasavaliT haerni da qarni SeiZrnes da xma-sces quxilTa
xmiTa sazareliTa.~ `da meys moiwia risxvisa igi Rrubeli da
moiRo setyuaY litrisa swori mas adgilsa oden da dalewna
kerpni igi, da dafqvna da daawulilna. da daarRvina zRudeni
igi qarman sastikman da STayarna igini kldesa.~24
aRTqmuli miwis mkvidrTa kerpebis msxvrevis saWiroebaze
uSualodaa miTiTebuli Zvel aRTqmaSic. ufali amgvarad mou-
wodebs moses:
`da mospoT yoveli baginebi maTi da yoveli kerpebi maTi
dasxmulebi warswymidoT da yoveli Zeglebi maTi mospoT.~25
am epozods mosdevs uaRresad saintereso simbolika:
armazis kerpebis msxvrevis Semdeg wminda nino kidev 9 dRes
- 144 -
moicdis mcxeTaSi Sesvlamde. jer igi 6 dRis ganmavlobaSi
loculobs iqve maxloblad. meeqvse dRes mcxeTidan mosuli
sefeqali SroSana sTxovs wminda ninos wahyves mas mcxeTaSi, ma-
gram wminda nino ar daTanxmdeba da mxolod 3 dRis Semdeg, ese
igi, sul 9 dRis Semdeg gadadis mtkvarze. igi Sevida samefo
baRis mcvelis saxlSi da iq dayo 9 Tve. aq ganxorcielda wminda
ninos erT-erTi saswauli. misi maspinZlebi uSviloni iyvnen da
didad wuxdnen amis gamo. wminda ninom uflis ZaliT gankurna
isini da maT èsxnes Zeeb da asuleb mravlad.~
sami dRisa da eqvsi dRis ricxviTi simboloebi xSirad
gvxvdeba Zvel aRTqmaSi, magram, vfiqrobT, amjerad xazgasmu-
lad aqcentirebulia im epizodze, sadac pirvelad saxalxod
moxda ebraeli erisadmi uflis gancxadeba. rodesac mosem
egviptidan gamoyvanili ebraeli eri sinas mTasTan miiyvana,
sami dRis mzadebis Semdeg `gardamoxda didebaY RmrTisaY mTa-
sa mas zeda sinasa. da dafarul iyo RrubliTa mTa igi equs
dRemde.~26 am sanaxaobam didi SiSi mohgvara ebraelebs.
aseve 6 weli dasWirda isu naves qanaanis damkvidrebi-
sa da iqauri kerpebis msxvrevisaTvis. rogorc vnaxeT, arma-
zis mTazedac eqvsdRiani monakveTi ukavSirdeba uflis Zalis
gamovlenasa da kerpebis msxvrevas. armazis kerpebis msxvrevi-
sas SeZrwunebuli da gaqceuli mcxeTelebi mxolod eqvsi dRis
Semdeg gamovidnen kerpebis sanaxavad. wminda nino amgvarad mi-
marTavs:
`da vilocevdi mun equs dRe. odes-igi gamoxuediT simravle
erisaY da eZiebdiT RmerTTa maT, romelTa vnebaY dahbades, da
ara hpoveT, maSin me mun viyav, rameTu dRe iyo meequse TTvisaY
mis, odes-igi evmanuvel Tabors mamisa xati aCuena TavTa maT
cxovelTa da TavTa maT micvalebulTa.~27
am epizodSi `moqcevis~ avtori sul oriode frazaSi sao-
cari siRrmiT gadmoscems da erTmaneTTan Seajerebs Zveli da
axali aRTqmidan momdinare ramdenime mniSvnelovan sulier
movlenas.
sinas mTaze moxda uflis Zalis gancxadeba ebraeli eri-
sadmi. Taborze macxovarma icvala feri da WeSmariti saxiT
gamoecxada Tavis rCeul mowafeebs. armazis mTaze ufalma
Tavisi Zala warmarT qarTvelebs ganucxada.
dReebis raodenobebis aRmniSvneli simboloebiT armazis
movlena imaginaciurad sinas mTis movlenas ukavSirdeba, xolo
feriscvalebasTan dakavSirebiT ki uSualod TariRobrivadac
- 145 -
mieniSneba. am dRes swored 6 agvistoa da iqve zustdeba, rom
es feriscvalebis dRea (Zveli stiliT 6 agvisto, cxadia, axali
stiliT 19 agvisto, anu feriscvalebis dRea).
SeiZleba isic gavixsenoT, rom sinas mTaze adgili hqonda
feriscvalebasTan dakavSirebul erT analogiur movlenasac.
mosem sTxova ufals, rom namdvili saxe eCvenebina misTvis.
RmerTma gaafrTxila, rom mose, miuxedavd misi gamorCeuli
unarisa da RvTisadmi erTgulebisa, mainc ver iyo SemZlebeli
RmerTis namdvili saxiT xilvisa, magram mainc Seusrula Txov-
na da sinas mTaze asul moses mxolod nawilobriv, zurgis
mxridan daenaxva.
Taborze asul mowafeebsac gauWirdaT uflis saxis xilva.
am dros uflis gancxadeba ufro naTel saxes atarebda, ma-
gram misi xilva rCeulma mowafeebmac ki ver SeZles mRviZare
gonebiT.
Taborze ufali ise gamoecxada mowafeebs, rom mis marcx-
niv da marjvniv idgnen mose da ilia. gamomsaxvelobiTi Tval-
sazrisiT saocar suraTs vxedavT armazis SemTxvevaSi. `da aha,
dga kaci erTi spilenZisaY da tansa missa ecua jaWvi oqroisaY,
da Cafxuti oqroisaY, . . . da marjul misa dga kerpi oqroi-
saY da saxeli misi gaci. da marcxl misa — kerpi vecxlisaY da
saxeli misi ga, romelni-igi RmrTad hqondes mamaTa TquenTa
arian-qarTliT.~
rogorc vxedavT, garegnuli niSnebiT armazis kerpebi im-
gvarad arian warmodgenili, rogorc es uflis feriscvalebi-
sasaa mocemuli, magram aq swored isaa dafiqsirebuli, rom
armazze cru RmerTebis gancxadebaa da amitomac WeSmariti
RmerTis ZaliT es kerpebi imsxvrevian.
yovelive amasTan erTad gansaxilveli epizodi agrZelebs
qarTlis miwaze qarTveli xalxisa da misi WeSmariti aRmsare-
blobis damkvidrebis Temas da am movlenas kvlav bibliur is-
toriasTan paralelurad ganixilavs. am SemTxvevaSi mtkvarze
gadasvla simetriaSia iordaneze gadasvlasTan. sainteresodaa
mocemuli am movlenasTan dakavSirebuli ricxviTi simboloebi:
iordanesTan pirvelad misulma ebraelebma mzveravebi
gagzavnes qanaanSi. isini 40 dRis Semdeg dabrundnen da maTi
monaTxrobis safuZvelze ebraeli eri ukan gabrunda. Semdeg
40 wliani mogzaurobisas gamoicvala ebraelTa es Taoba da
udabnoSi dabadebuli Taoba Sevida aRTqmul miwaze. am ori
ricxviTi simbolos kavSirs Tavad mianiSnebs ufali:
- 146 -
`da yrmani Tquenni, romelTa sTquT, viTarmed aRsaWrel
iqmnen, igini Seviyvanen queyanasa mas da daimkvidron queyana
igi, romlisagan Tquen gansdeqiT, da guamni Tquenni daecnen
udabnosa mas. xolo Zeni Tquenni iqceodian udabnosa mas
ormeoc wel da aRixilnen siZvani Tquenni, vidremde gankfden
guamni ese Tquenni udabnosa amas. msgavsad ricxuTa maT dReTa,
ormeocTa dReTa, raodenTa dReTa igi ganimstureT queyana,
ormeocTa dReTa, (dRe igi erTi wlad erTad) miiRoT codva-
Ta TquenTaTvis ormeoc wel da scnaT guliswyroma risxvisa
Cemisa.~29
rogorc vxedavT, am periodSi ebraelTa axali Taoba dai-
bada. am `koleqtiur dabadebas~ ormoci weli dasWirda. Cven
zemoT aRvniSneT, rom ùdabnos Taobis~ da aseTi koleqtiuri
cvlis principebi sruliad ucxoa axali aRTqmiseuli azrovne-
bisaTvis. aq aqcenti ufro pirovnul sakiTxebzea da dasjis
amgvari formac ukve gaumarTlebelia. am gansxvavebas kidev
erTxel xatovnad afiqsirebs `moqcevis~ avtori. analogiur
konteqstSi Zveli aRTqmis ricxviTi simboloebis (40 dRe —
40 weli) nacvlad mas Semoaqvs gansxvavebuli simboloebi (9
dRe — 9 Tve). ricxviTi simbolo 9, sxva mraval sulier mniS-
vnelobasTan erTad, adamianis dabadebis mimaniSnebelicaa. cxa-
dia, 9 Tve swored individis dabadebis dros ukavSirdeba. am
SemTxvevaSic saubari swored dabadebazea, magram es ukve aRar
aris koleqtiuri dabadeba, axali Taobis dabadeba, romelic
Zvelis adgils ikavebs. wminda nino 9 dRis Semdeg Sedis mcxe-
TaSi da 9 Tves dayofs samoTxis mcvelis saxlSi. am simbolos
sulieri mniSvnelobis dazustebisaTvis avtori swored iqve
miuTiTebs, rom am dros man gankurna uSvilo col-qmari da
maT èsxnes Zeeb da asuleb mravlad.~ ese igi, bibliuri epi-
zodis analogiurad mcxeTaSic dabadebis saidumlo aResrula,
magram es aris ara ricxv 40-iT simbolizebuli `koleqtiuri
dabadeba~, aramed ricxv 9-iT gacxadebuli dabadeba, anu indi-
vidis dabadeba.
Tu `moqcevaSi~ mocemul faqtebs mxolod meqanikurad Se-
vudarebT bibliur istorias, SeiZleba Seiqmnas mcdari azri,
TiTqos avtori Seecada qarTvelTa istoria ebraeli eris is-
toriisTvis miemsgavsebina da `moqcevis~ saxiT mxolod mxat-
vrul nawarmoebTan gvaqvs saqme. wminda istoriul-faqtobrivi
kuTxiT kvlevisas k. kekeliZec xom mivida im daskvnamde, rom
ès Zegli ufro literaturuli nawarmoebia, vidre wminda is-
- 147 -
toriuli; imaSi ufro metad Cans publicisturi suliskveTeba
misi avtorisa, vidre mkacri istoriuli meTodi seriozuli
mematianisa.~30
`moqceva~ rom mematianis dawerili ar aris, es ukve ram-
denjerme aRvniSneT da amaSi TiTqosda marTalia mkvlevari,
magram, vfiqrobT, mTlianobaSi es Sefaseba mainc mcdaria.
ucnobi avtoris mier bibliur alegoriebSi moTxrobili
istoria gacilebiT mets gveubneba im periodSi momxdari mov-
lenis Sesaxeb, vidre am movlenaTa nebismieri sizustis aRw-
eriloba gvetyoda. avtori bibliur istorias iyenebs rogorc
qargils, romlis mixedviTac xdeba mocemuli alegoriebis su-
lieri mniSvnelobebis gaxsna. igi meqanikurad ki ar miyveba bib-
liur siuJetebs, aramed, erTi mxriv, iqedan aRebuli analoge-
bis da, meore mxriv, am analogebTan ganmasxvavebeli niSnebis aq-
centirebiT ayalibebs erTian, dasrulebul koncefcias, rasac
pirobiTad qarTveli eris sulis istoriac SeiZleba ewodos.
amis garda am istoriis TxrobiT iqmneba is safuZveli, romlis
fonzec viTardeba `moqcevaSi~ mocemuli Semdgomi movlenebi
da mxolod am sulieri safuZvlebidanaa SesaZlebeli maT arsSi
Cawvdoma.
§ 4. efeso
SeiZleba mokled gavixsenoT `qarTlis moqcevaSi~ aRwerili

epoqis ZiriTadi sulieri tendenciebi, romlebTanac qarTuli
samyaroc Rrmad iyo dakavSirebuli.
Tanamedrove civilizaciis istoriis periodizacia, cxa-
dia, sxvadasxva saxiTaa SesaZlebeli. Zalze mosaxerxebelia am
istoriaSi calke gamoiyos periodi Zv. w. IV saukunidan axali
welTaRricxvis IV saukunemde — ese igi, daaxloebiT 3-4 sau-
kune qristemde da amdenive dro qristes Semdeg.
es iyo grandiozuli gardaqmnebis periodi. am periodis
Sua nawilSi moxda yvelaze mniSvnelovani movlenac — mac-
xovris gankaceba.
swored am periodis qarTlis cxovrebas aRwers `qarTlis
moqceva~.
Tanamedrove civilizaciis manamdel istorias, ese igi, war-
RvnisSemdgom istorias Zv. w. IV saukunemde SeiZleba pirobiTad
- 148 -
Zveli misteriebis epoqa ewodos. es iyo xangrZlivi periodi,
romelic aTeul saukuneebs iTvlis. am SemTxvevaSi berZnuli
misteriebi, romlebic istoriaSi yvelaze metadaa cnobili,
faqtobrivad kacobriobis am grandiozuli misteriuli isto-
riis mxolod ukanasknel periods warmoadgens.
warRvnis Semdeg mZlavri sulieri centrebi aziis kon-
tinentze iqmneba da isini droTa ganmavlobaSi TiTqosda aR-
mosavleTidan dasavleTiT gadaadgildebian, vidre bolos sa-
berZneTs ar miaRweven.
Zveli aziuri misteriebi mkveTrad gansxvavdebian berZnu-
li misteriebisgan.
berZnul misteriebSi da gansakuTrebiT mis safuZvelze
Camoyalibebul berZnul kulturaSi Cven ukve vxedavT mcde-
lobas, rom adamiani rac SeiZleba myarad damkvidrdes miwier
samyaroSi. amgvari ganwyobileba ucxo iyo Zveli aziuri mis-
teriebisTvis. iq adamianTa swrafva ZiriTadad, mimarTuli
iyo kosmosuri mTlianobisken, sulier samyarosTan aqtiuri
urTierTobisken. iq imdenad intensiuri iyo sulieri samyaros
gancda, rom adamiani Znelad ganasxvavebda amqveyniur da im-
qveyniur movlenebsa da arsebebs. orive sfero misTvis srul
realobas warmoadgenda. sulieri arsebebi TiTqosda adamiane-
bis gverdiT imyofebodnen da uSualod iyvnen CarTuli mis
cxovrebasa da gansakuTrebiT kultmsaxurebaSi. `RvTisSvile-
bi~ Tavad monawileobdnen aziur misteriebSi. adamiani cxadli-
vad ganicdida, rom igi Tavadac kosmosis nawili iyo.
saberZneTSi sulieri arsebebis gancda iseTi intensiuri
ar iyo, rogorc aziaSi. saberZneTSi TiTqos sulier arsebebs
ki ara, maT anareklebs xedavdnen. sulieri xedva aq ufro
dabinduli iyo. samagierod, miwieri samyaros xedva iyo bevrad
ufro mkveTri. berZnuli kultura adamians ukve miwieri sam-
yaros warmomadgenlad ganixilavda.
berZnul misteriebSi ukve adamiani iqca misteriis erT-
erT centralur figurad. saberZneTSi `RvTisSvilebi~ ki aRar
Camodiodnen misteriebSi, aramed mis xasiaTs brZenkacebi gan-
sazRvravdnen, romlebic, marTalia, sulier impulsebs zena
samyarodan iRebdnen, magram isini ukve myarad idgnen miwier
yofaSi da sulieri codna praqtikul saqmianobaSi SeeZloT
gamoeyenebinaT. maTi azrovneba bevrad ufro racionaluri
iyo, vidre azieli qurumebisa.
aziur misteriebSi adamiani didad iyo damokidebuli siv-
- 149 -
rcisa da drois parametrebze. yvela kultmsaxurebis dro da
adgili sruliad konkretuli parametrebiT ganisazRvreboda.
sulier arsebebTan ritualuri kavSirebi wlis gansakuTrebul
periodebSi da sruliad gansazRvrul geografiul garemoSi
xorcieldeboda.
aziuri misteriebis adgilebi sagangebod iyo SerCeuli,
radgan iTvleboda, rom mxolod am konkretuli geografiuli
garemodanaa SesaZlebeli ama Tu im sulier arsebasTan dakav-
Sireba. ritualis droc gansakuTrebuli astrologiuri Tan-
wyobiT ganisazRvreboda. mnaTobebis konstilaciebs gadamwyve-
ti mniSvneloba eniWeboda.
berZnul misteriebSi ukve naklebad SeimCneva drosa da
sivrceze damokidebuleba. aq ufro intensiuria adamianis Si-
nagani samyaro. aq gadamwyvetia adamianis mier Sesrulebuli
Sinagani samuSao — locva Tu msxverplSewirva.
Zveli misteriebis epoqa daaxloebiT Zv. w. IV saukuneSi
damTavrda. aRmosavleTis grandiozuli misteriebis dasav-
leTisken moZraobam dasavleT kulturis sazRvrebs iseT su-
lier centramde miaRwia, rogoric iyo efeso. aRmosavleTisa
da dasavleTis misteriebi TiTqosda efesoSi Sexvda erTma-
neTs. bevr aspeqtSi isini erTmaneTs Seerwya.
efeso, rogorc sulieri garemo, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelo-
van rols TamaSobs kacobriobis istoriis iseT sakvanZo epo-
qaSi, rogoricaa Zv. w. IV saukune. es is epoqaa, roca sulieri
moRvaweobis Zvelma misteriulma formam, faqtobrivad dace-
mis bolo fazas miaRwia. rogorc aRmosavleTis, aseve dasavle-
Tis uZvelesi misteriuli centrebi, romlebic manamde mTeli
kacobriobis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis arss gansazRvravdnen,
an gamqraliyvnen msoflios istoriis asparezidan, anda Tuki
jer kidev arsebobdnen, fermkrTal xatebSiRa Wvretdnen su-
lieri samyarodan momdinare impulsebs.
efeso iyo swored erT-erTi is adgili, sadac yvelaze
sufTa saxiT SenarCunda Zveli misteriuli sibrZne. Zv. w. IV
sakuneSi igi misteriuli cnobierebis erT-erT ukanasknel
oazisad gvevlineba.
efesos misteriebis mniSvnelovani Tavisebureba imaSi
mdgomareobs, rom aq didi warmatebiT moxerxda, erTi mxriv,
ufro Zveli aRmosavluri sibrZnisa da, meore mxriv, berZnuli
samyaros misteriuli warmodgenebis Serwyma. efeso gvevlineba
rogorc SemaerTebeli rgoli aRmosavlur da dasavlur az-
- 150 -
rovnebiT formebs Soris.
im droisTvis saberZneTSic mZlavri impulsebi iyo gan-
viTarebuli. aRmosavleTisgan gansxvavebiT, isini ukve az-
rovnebiT Zalebs ukavSirdeboda. im periodSi aRmosavleT-
dasavleTis sulieri urTierTobis mTavar centrs efeso war-
moadgenda.
efesos skola saberZneTis sxva sulieri centrebisgan gan-
sxvavebiT jer kidev inarCunebda erTgvar aziur ganwyobile-
bas, rac adamianis kosmosTan mimarTebis intensiur formas
gulisxmobda. is jer kidev ar ganixilavda adamians kosmosis-
gan gancalkevebulad. bunebis ZalebTan mimarTebaSic gansa-
kuTrebuli aziuri forma iyo SenarCunebuli. efesoSi adamiani
moiazreboda erT mTlianobad, erTi mxriv, mTel kosmosTan da,
meore mxriv, mis irgvliv ganvrcobil bunebis ZalebTan.
efesos misteriebis erT-erTi centraluri motivi iyo
sruliad gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba enis fenomenis mi-
marT.
efesos misteriebis mowafeTa aRzrda ise mimdinareobda,
rom mas unda SeZleboda Tavisi Sinagani gancdebiT TiTqosda
Serwymoda artemides arsebas, TiTqosda unda Sesuliyo kos-
mosur eTerSi, mTeli Tavisi Sinagani aRqmebiT unda asuliyo
miwieri yofierebis zemoT kosmosuri eTeris gancdamde da igi
am dros SeigrZnobda adamianis enis WeSmarit bunebas. xolo am
enidan gamomdinare igi TandaTan wvdeboda kosmosuri logosis
raobas. igi xedavda, rogor qmnida da marTavda samyaros kosmo-
suri logosi. efesos misteriebis mowafe ganicdida, Tu rogor
ibadeba adamianis sityva, rogor vibrirebs igi haerSi, ra su-
lieri Zalebi moqmedebs haerSi vibrirebul sityvaSi, ra xdeba
haeris stiqiaSi, roca masSi iWreba sityva da ra kavSiri aqvs am
sityvas im kosmosur logosTan, romelic samyaros dasawyisSi
qmnida yofierebas. mowafe metyvelebaSi arsebul makrokosmo-
sur logoss ganicdida. igi grZnobda, rom kosmosuri logosis
garkveuli elementebi Tavad masSic cocxlobs. garegnulad
igi adamianuri metyvelebis saxiT gamoisaxeba. metyvelebaSi
mowafe eZebda gzas grandiozuli kosmosuri sulierebisken.
enis fenomenSi arsebuli cocxali elementis gancda iyo efe-
sos misteriebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani motivi.
efesos mowafe iseT sulier mdgomareobamde midioda, roca
igi sakuTar TavSi mTvarisgan areklil mzis sulier sinaTles
ganicdida. es gancda TiTqosda Sinaganad xmovandeboda bgera-
- 151 -
Ta iseTi wyobiT, rogoricaa i o a.
xmovanTa es Tanwyoba bgerebiT gadmoscemda am Rrma medi-
taciur gancdas da igi ukavSirdeboda im kosmosur logoss,
kosmosur metyvelebas, romelic adamianSi iyo gaxmovanebuli
da romelsac adamiani haeris stiqiaSi gamosaxavda. am xmovane-
baSi adamiani gamosaxavda mTel Tavis Sinagan samyaros, Tavis
individualobas kosmosur mTlianobasTan mimarTebaSi.
msgavsi sulieri ganwyobileba arsebobda Zvel ebraul sam-
yaroSic, roca aRniSnul bgeraTa wyobaSi (ioa), mis kosmosur
zemoqmedebaSi TiTqosda emateboda miwieri samyaros pasuxi.
igi gamoisaxeboda v da h bgerebiT. kosmosuri da miwieri Za-
lebis vibrirebis SerwymaSi miiReba ebrauli msoflmxedvelo-
bisTvis damaxasiaTebeli sityva iehova, anu RmerTis saxeli.
rogorc vxedavT, aRniSnuli mantra (ioa) uaRresad mniS-
vnelovania. igi RmerTis gamouTqmel saxels ukavSirdeba. me-
tyvelebasTan dakavSirebuli sulieri gancda mogvianebiT
Zalze lakoniurad gamosaxa ioane maxarebelma, roca man saxa-
reba daiwyo sityvebiT: `pirveliTgan iyo sityva da sityva igi
iyo RmerTisa Tana...~.
es Tema iyo efesos misteriebis erT-erTi centraluri
ganwyobileba. ar aris SemTxveviTi, rom ioane maxarebeli ase
Rrmad aris dakavSirebuli efesos sulier garemosTan. efeso
ioane maxareblis wilxvdomili mxarea. aq qristianoba swored
ioanem iqadaga.
cxadia, arc isaa SemTxveviTi, rom ioane maxareblis saxeli
swored zemoT aRniSnuli bgerebis (ioa) wyobiTaa Sedgenili —
ioa-ne.
efesos misteriis kidev erTi mniSvnelovani motivia bunebis
ZalebTan Zalze Rrma kavSiri. artemidesTan gaigivebiT efesos
misteriebis mowafe Zalze Rrmad ganicdida sakuTari arsebis
kavSirs rogorc cxovelTa, aseve mcenareTa samyarosTan da
aseve mTel landSaftTan. is xedavda, rom adamiani ganuyofe-
lia am dabali sulierebisgan. adamiani da bunebaSi moqmedi su-
lieri arsebebi mudmivad Tanaarseboben erTmaneTTan. es gan-
wyobilebac aziidan iWreba berZnul kulturaSi.
sokratesTan, platonTan, aristotelesTan da sxva berZen
moazrovneebTan jer kidev vxedavT Zveli misteriebis ganwyo-
bilebas, magram aq ukve aSkarad ikveTeba adamianuri azrovnebi-
Ti elementis momZlavreba, riTac safuZveli eyreba axal,
dasavlur cnobierebas.
- 152 -
cnobilia, rom bevrma didma berZenma moazrovnem swored
efesos skola gaiara. aseTebi iyvnen, magaliTad, heraklite,
platoni, piTagora da sxva. mogvianebiT efesos impulsebs
Rrmad ukavSirdeba aristotelec.
Zv. w. 356 wels efesos taZris dawva warmoadgens gansa-
kuTrebul movlenas Zveli civilizaciis istoriaSi. faqtobri-
vad, am xanZriT Caqra is mistikuri sinaTle, romelic aRmosav-
leTidan dasavleTisken modioda. amis Semdeg Zveli misterie-
bis epoqa, faqtobrivad, damTavrda. degradacias ganicdis ara
mxolod aRmosavleTis, aramed berZnuli misteriebic.
efesos xanZari SeiZleba miviCnioT garkveul mijnad Zvel
da axal istoriul realobebs Soris.
amrigad, grandiozuli aziuri misteriebi, romlebic efe-
soSi berZnuli formiT iyo warmodgenili, Zv. w. IV saukuneSi
dasrulda.
efesos Zveli misteriebis dasasruls Zalze mWidrod ukav-
Sirdeba kidev erTi mniSvnelovani individualoba — aleqsan-
dre makedoneli. gadmocemiT, aleqsandre swored im dRes dai-
bada, ra dResac herostratem efesos taZari dawva. aleqsandre
Zalze Rrmad iyo dakavSirebuli im sulier impulsebTan, rom-
lebic efesos misteriidan momdinareobda. aleqsandres moR-
vaweoba aseve ganuyofelia misi maswavleblis aristotelesgan.
maT saerTo ZalisxmeviT ganaxorcieles grandiozuli sakaco-
brio amocanebi. ese igi, roca efesos taZari iwvis da efesos
misteria fizikur planSi qreba, am dros dedamiwaze ibadeba
Zalze mniSvnelovani individualoba — aleqsandre makedoneli.
rogorc Semdgomi istoriuli movlenebi gviCvenebs, aleqsan-
dre makedoneli sakuTar Tavze iRebs mniSvnelovan misias —
sulier planSi aRadginos fizikur planSi ganadgurebuli efe-
sos taZari.
Tanamedrove istoriaSi aleqsandres aziuri eqspediciebi
ganixileba rogorc grandiozuli dapyrobiTi omebi, sadac
dapyrobiTi politikis garda aleqsandrem SeZlo elinuri
kulturis aziaSi ganvrcoba. garegnulad es yovelive, cxadia,
asecaa, magram am eqspediciebis xasiaTs mniSvnelovani sulieri
aspeqtebi gansazRvraven. aleqsandre makedoneli dapyrobil
teritoriebze aSenebs axal qalaqebs da afuZnebs samecniero
akademiebs. Zalze mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom bevr qveyanaSi
mas ganmaTavisufleblad xvdebian. aleqsandre ar ibrZvis ad-
gilobrivi kulturebisa da religiuri kultebis winaaRmdeg.
- 153 -
zogadad, aleqsandre berZnul kulturas ki ar nergavs ucxo
garemoSi, aramed igi afuZnebs msoflmxedvelobas, romelic
sruliad misaRebia TiTqmis yvela aziuri sulieri skolisaT-
vis.
swored es aris is sulieri impulsebi, romlebic Tavisi
warmoSobiT aziuri misteriebidan momdinareobs. efesoSi am
impulsebma mxolod berZnuli Seferiloba miiRo — moxda misi
elinizacia. faqtobrivad, aleqsandre makedoneli aziis degra-
direbul sulier kerebSi abrunebs im Zvel saganZurs, romelic
berZnulma samyarom swored aziidan miiRo da misi axali epoqis
Sesabamis formaSi transformireba moaxdina. swored amitomaa
es msoflmxedveloba Zalze axlobeli da gasagebi azieli
qurumebisTvis.
bevri ram, rac Zvel aziur sulier centrebSi mxolod mis-
tikur saburvelSi iyo mocemuli, amjerad ukve aristoteles
logikis formaSia Camoyalibebuli — Zveli sibrZne axal enaze
— aristoteles kategoriebis enaze gadmoica.
sulieri sinaTle, romelic saukuneTa manZilze aziidan
anaTebda, axla ukve efesos skolasa da masTan dakavSirebul
aristoteles naazrevSi gardaqmnili saxiT daubrunda azias.
efeso aswleulebis manZilze aRmosavluri misteriebis dasav-
lur nakads warmoadgenda, Semdeg ki berZnuli kulturis
nawilad gadaiqca. misi dawvisas aRmosavluri nakadi SeCere-
bul iqna efesosTan. aleqsandres ZalisxmeviT kulturuli na-
kadis ganvrcobam mimarTuleba Seicvala — kulturuli eqspan-
sia axla ukve berZnuli samyarodan momdinareobda.
es iyo erTgvari valis dabruneba. igive misteriuli si-
naTle gavrcelda yvela mimarTulebiT. aleqsandres mier
daarsebuli egviptis aleqsandriis akademia xdeba erT-erTi
umTavresi centri. aq yalibdeba mniSvnelovani SemecnebiTi
skola. mogvianebiT aq ganviTarebuli qristianuli msoflmxed-
veloba mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs civilizebuli samyaros
evoluciis procesSi.
aleqsandres mier daarsebulma akademiebma mniSvnelovani
roli Seasrula kacobriobis Semdgomi istoriis gansazRvraSi.
am sulierma kerebma sxvadasxva mxareSi sxvadasxva droiTa da
intensivobiT iarseba. aristotelizmmac sxvadasxva transfor-
macia ganicada da manac mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula Semdgomi
epoqis cnobierebis Camoyalibebis procesSi. Zveli misteriebis
dabruneba, cxadia, mxolod cnobierebis axleburi formiT iyo
- 154 -
SesaZlebeli.
efeso mcire aziis erT-erTi uZvelesi qalaqi iyo. mi-
Tologiuri gadmocemebis mixedviT, igi amorZalebma daaarses.
amorZalebTan dakavSirebiT mravali urTierTgansxvavebuli
mosazreba arsebobs. amorZalebis samefos centri iyo qalaqi
Temiskira kapadokiaSi. miTebis gadmocemiT, amorZalebi wlis
garkveul periodSi gamravlebis mizniT mezobeli tomebis ma-
makacebs iwvevdnen. strabonis cnobiT, amorZalebi umetesad
kavkasiidan iwvevdnen mamakacebs (mdinare kavkazosis sanapiroe-
bze mosaxle tomebs). straboni am SemTxvevaSi kolxebs gulis-
xmobs.
TavisTavad amorZalebis samefos arseboba kapadokiis
teritoriaze da maTi naTesauri urTierToba kolxeTTan ukve
naTlad mianiSnebs im uZveles kavSirebze, romelic maT Soris
arsebobda.
imis garda, rom amorZalebi RmerT aresis STamomavlebad
iTvlebodnen, maT umTavres RvTaebas artemide warmoadgenda.
amitomac ar aris SemTxveviTi, rom qalRmerT artemides erT-
erTi umTavresi taZari swored efesoSi iyo. efesos artemi-
des taZris qurum qalebze bevri gadmocema SemorCa. berZnul
xelovnebaSic farTod aisaxa efesos amorZalebis sxvadasxva
motivi.
rogorc vxedavT, jer kidev preistoriul xanaSi, miTo-
suri azrovnebis safexurzec ki naTlad mJRavndeba sulieri
kavSirebi efesosa da kolxur-iberiul kulturas Soris.
efeso, rogorc mniSvnelovani sulieri garemo, aseve Tavi-
seburad exmianeba kacobriobis iseT grandiozul movlenas,
rogoricaa macxovris qveynad movlineba da masTan dakavSire-
buli movlenebi. golgoTis istoriis Semdeg Cveni welTaR-
ricxvis pirvelsave saukuneSi efesoSi yalibdeba qristianuli
eklesia. cxadia, am periodSi ar arsebobs sayovelTaod miRe-
buli saeklesio dogmati da, bunebrivia, yovel calkeul ga-
remoSi axlad Camoyalibebul qristianul saZmos am garemoSi
manamde arsebuli misteriebis zegavlenac aSkarad etyoba.
efesos qristianuli saZmos moRvaweoba Warbad Seicavda
aRmosavluri, ufro konkretulad ki, induri misteriuli si-
brZnis elementebs.
ioane maxareblis gamocxadebaSi Svidi eklesiisadmi mimar-
Tvisas pirvel eklesiad swored efesos saZmoa dasaxelebuli:
àngelozsa efesoisa eklesiisasa arqu, viTarmed: amas
- 155 -
ityvis, romelsa upyrian Svidni igi varskulavni marjuenesa
missa, romeli-igi vals SvidTa maT sasanTleTa Soris oqroi-
saTa:
vicni saqmeni Senni da Sroma Seni da moTmineba Seni da vi-
Tarmed ver Zal-gic tvirTvad ukeTurTa maT da gamoscaden
igini, romelni ityvian TavTa TvisTa mociqulad, da ara arian,
da hpoven igini mtyuvar.
da moTmineba gaqus da itvirTe saxelisa CemisaTvis da ara
daSuer.
aramed maqus Senda momarT, rameTu siyuaruli igi Seni
pirveli dauteve.
moixsenebd, ukeTu sadaiT daeci, da Seinane da pirvelnive
saqmeni qmnen; ukeTu ara, moval adre da aRvZra sasanTle Seni
adgilisagan Tvisisa, ukeTu ara Seinano.
aramed ese gaqus: rameTu gZulan saqmeni igi nikolaelTani,
romelni igi me mZulan.
romelsa hqonan yurni, isminen, rasa etyvis suli eklesia-
Ta: romelman sZlos, mivsce mas Wamad Zelisa misgan cxorebisa,
romeli ars Soris samoTxesa RmrTisa Cemisasa.~31
Tu warmodgenili fragmentis ezoterul ganmartebebs
gaviTvaliswinebT, irkveva, rom Svidi eklesiisadmi mimarTva
gulisxmobs Svid kulturul epoqas, dawyebuls warRvnis epo-
qidan, anu atlantidis daRupvidan.32
rogorc cnobilia, warRvnis Semdeg pirvel kulturul
epoqas induri kultura warmoadgenda. am epoqis sulier saxes
gansazRvravda is monapovrebi, rac indoel riSebs sulier sam-
yarosTan mimarTebaSi hqondaT. am kulturis erT-erTi niSan-
doblivi Tavisebureba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom masSi xazgasmu-
lad aqcentirebulia miRmuri samyarosadmi mimarTeba. erTa-
derT realur arsebobad mxolod sulieri samyaro miiCneva,
xolo xiluli, grZnobadi samyaro iluziad, maiad aRiqmeba.
amgvar ganwyobilebas bunebrivad ukavSirdeba miwieri yofisad-
mi gulgriloba, yovelgvari amsofliuris uaryofa da sruli
pasiuroba materialur yofaSi.
qristianuli msoflmxedveloba ar gulisxmobs amgvar
radikalur damokidebulebas amsofliuri yofisadmi. qris-
tianuli swavleba adamianuri da qveyniuri yofis orive bune-
bas, rogorc RvTaebrivs, aseve miwiers, erTmaneTTan harmo-
niul urTierTmimarTebaSi ganixilavs.
ioanes gamocxadebaSi efesos eklesiisadmi mimarTvaSi igu-
- 156 -
lisxmeba, rom am saZmos moRvaweobaSi dadebiT faqtorad iT-
vleba nikolaelTa saqmeebisadmi siZulvili. nikolaelTa seq-
ta, romelic im periodSi marTlac arsebobda, swored induri
azrovnebis formis srul antipods warmoadgenda. nikolaelebi
adamianis arsebobis umTavres miznad grZnobad samyaroSi moR-
vaweobas miiCnevdnen. efesos eklesiisadmi mimarTvaSi uaryo-
filia nikolaelTa amgvari damokidebuleba, magram efesos
eklesias mieTiTeba, rom mis qristianul moRvaweobaSi Seim-
Cneva meore ukiduresoba, anu induri kulturidan SeTvise-
buli elementi — materialuri samyarodan gandgoma. amgvari
gandgoma ki simbolurad gamoisaxeba rogorc pirveli siyvaru-
lis mitoveba. am SemTxvevaSi pirvel siyvarulSi igulisxmeba
amsofliuri yofisadmi is siyvaruli, romelic ase aklda war-
Rvnis Semdegdroindel pirvel kulturas.
rac Seexeba efesos eklesiisadmi mimmarTvelis warmod-
genas marjvena xelSi Svidi varskvlaviT da Svid oqros lam-
pars Soris moarulis saxiT, amgvari sulieri xatebi swored
uZvelesi induri msoflmxedvelobidan, kerZod, iogas warmod-
genebidanacaa cnobili. am moZRvrebis mixedviT, Svidi oqros
lampriT gamosaxuli sulieri arsi sruliad miuRwevadia
grZnobad samyaroSi. ioane maxareblis gamocxadebaSi mocemu-
lia igive suraT-xati, magram aSkarad gadaadgilebulia aqcen-
tebi. efesos eklesias mieniSneba, Tu ra aris masSi pozitiuri
da ra aris Zveli, aRmosavluri kulturis gadmonaSTi, rac
aucileblad unda iqnas Camocilebuli qristianuli cxovre-
bis wesidan, raTa axali qristianuli msoflmxedvelobis safe-
xurze moxdes aRmosavluri da dasavluri nakadebis gawonas-
woreba, rac swored efesoSi ase warmatebiT miiRweoda Zveli
azrovnebis safexurze.
amjerad gvinda ganvixiloT `qarTlis moqcevaSi~ mocemuli
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani motivi.
yuradReba mivaqcioT im faqts, rom teqstSi orjeraa
moTxrobili wminda ninos ierusalimidan qarTlisken gamom-
gzavrebis epizodi.
pirvel SemTxvevaSi jer moTxrobilia `qristes amaRlebiT-
gan samas da meaTesa welsa~ konstantine mefis moqcevis Sesa-
xeb, rac ukavSirdeba viRac efeseli kacis rCevas:
ìyo vinme kaci efeseli da warmoTqua winaSe mefisa, vi-
Tarmed: `qristeaneni igi hromni da yovelni hindoni da visca
vis aqus Sjuli igi axali qristes wmidisa, ZeliTa juarisaiTa
- 157 -
da misiTa sasovebiTa sZleven mterTa Zlierad.~33
efeseli kacis am rCevas Sedegad mohyva konstantines
naTlisReba. `moqcevis~ avtori swored am epozods iRebs Sem-
degi movlenebis aTvlis wertilad:
`miT JamiTgan meaTesa welsa warvida helene ierusalemd
Ziebad patiosnisa juarisa. da meaToTxmetesa welsa ivltoda
dedakaci vinme mefeTa evadagi, saxeliT rifsime, romlisame
mizezisaTvis deda-mZuZiTurT.
da iyo mis Tana tyue erTi dedakaci Suenieri, saxeliT
nino, romlisa saqme misi gamoiZia helene dedofalman. da iyo
igi hromi mTavari, da TviT moevlo gzaY Tvisi da eqmnnes kurne-
bani. da mowevnul iyo saberZneTa da hmoZRurida mTavarsa mas
rifsimes.~34
wminda nino rifsimesTan da gaianesTan erTad miemarTeba
somxeTis teritoriebisken, sadac rifsime da gaiane mowameo-
brivad amTavreben sicocxles, xolo wminda nino Crdiloe-
Tisken agrZelebs gzas.
gansaxilvel epizodSi gvinda yuradReba gavamaxviloT im
uwyebaze, rom wminda ninos qarTlisken gamgzavrebas win uZRvis
viRac efeseli kacis mier konstantine keisris moqceva. yura-
dReba mivaqcioT imasac, rom efeseli kaci qristes saxeliT me-
brZolTa Soris asaxelebs indoelebs (`qristeaneni igi hromni
da yovelni hindoni . . . “).
`qarTlis moqcevis~ sxva epizodSi wminda nino Tavad
mogviTxrobs ierusalimidan qarTlisken gamomgzavrebis isto-
rias:
mas Semdeg, rac ierusalimSi wminda ninom meaforisagan
Seiswavla qristianobis arsi, igi dainteresda Tu `sada ars
Crdiloisa igi queyanaY, anu sada ars samoseli igi uflisa
CuenisaY? . . .
maT dReTa Sina mo-vinme-vida dedakaci efeseli Tayuanis-
cemad wmidasa adgomasa.~35
ierusalimis patriarqisgan xeldasxmis Semdeg swored efe-
sel dedakacTan erTad gamoemgzavra wminda nino da mxolod
Semdeg Sexvda rifsimes. wminda nino sagangebod mianiSnebs, rom
mxolod efeseli dedakacis nebarTviT rifsimem naTeliRo
wminda ninosagan.
rogorc wminda nino aRniSnavs, aqedan ori wlis Semdeg
gaqristianda mefe konstantine (am SemTxvevaSic iniSneba Tari-
Robrivi orientiri — konstantines moqcevis weli da kvlav
- 158 -
aqedan aiTvleba yvela danarCeni TariRi) da kidev rva wlis
Semdeg ìyo sivltolaY Cueni saberZneTiT.~
`moqcevis~ am epizodSi gvinda yuradReba gavamaxviloT im
uwyebaze, rom ierusalimSi qristianobis arsis Seswavlis Sem-
deg wminda nino efeseli dedakacis daxmarebiT miemgzavreba
Tavisi misiis Sesasruleblad.
rogorc vxedavT, pirvel epizodSi gadamwyvet rols
TamaSobs efeseli kaci, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi, efeseli qali.
teqstSi arc erTi maTgani ar aris saxeldebuli. amave dros,
orive SemTxveva Seexeba wminda ninos qarTlisken gamomgzavre-
bas da orientirad aRebulia konstantine keisris moqcevis
TariRi.
cxadia, iseTi Rrma sulieri mniSvnelobis teqstSi, rogo-
ric `qarTlis moqcevaa~, amgvari sulieri xatebis Semotana
SemTxveviT ar xdeba.
vidre efesosTan dakavSirebul alegoriaSi gaverkveodeT,
saWiroa kidev erTxel gavixsenoT `moqcevis~ dasawyisi.
mas Semdeg, rac aleqsandre makedoneli loTis STamoma-
vlebs amarcxebs, miemarTeba kavkasiisken. pirveli laSqrobis
warumateblobis Semdeg igi meore laSqrobisas ikavebs qarTlis
teritoriebs da aq qarTvelebs asaxlebs. amgvarad mkvidrde-
bian qarTvelebi SemdgomSi qarTlad wodebuli qveynis teri-
toriebze.
wina epizodebisgan gansxvavebiT, am SemTxvevaSi uSualod
ar aris naxsenebi efeso, magram `moqcevis~ am Sesavlis ganxil-
vas aRniSnul epizodebTan erTad swored imitom vapirebT, rom
aleqsandre makedonelis mTeli moRvaweoba Zalze mWidrod
ukavSirdeba swored efesodan momdinare sulier impulsebs.
Semdgomi ganxilvis meti sicxadisaTvis `moqcevis~ am sam
epizodSi mocemuli motivebi SeiZleba sqematurad moviniSnoT,
rogorc efesodan mcxeTisken momdinare sami urTierTgan-
sxvavebuli sulieri nakadi.
pirvel SemTxvevaSi saxeze gvaqvs warmarTul epoqaSi mom-
xdari movlena — qarTvelTa damkvidreba qarTlSi. am Sem-
TxvevaSi movlenis inspiratorad gvevlineba efesos misteri-
ebTan mWidrod dakavSirebuli aleqsandre makedoneli, xolo
Tavad movlena ise viTardeba, rom Sualedur rgolad warmod-
genilia Zveli aRTqmiseuli samyaro — makedoneli loTis STa-
momavalTa samkvidroebis gavliT miemarTeba qarTlisken.
Semdeg saubaria wminda ninos mier qarTvelTa Soris qris-
- 159 -
tianobis arsis damkvidrebaze. es nakadi efeseli qalis dax-
marebiT ierusalimis gavliT moemarTeba mcxeTisaken. swored
ierusalimSi iRebs wminda nino saRvTismetyvelo ganaTlebas da
swored aqedan mohyavs igi efesel qals. am SemTxvevaSi sruli-
ad xazgasmulad mieniSneba, rom saubaria qristianobis Sinagan
arsze da ara mis garegnul formaze. miaforisagan wminda nino
qristianobis umTavres saidumloebebs SeiTvisebs:
`da vhkiTxevdi vnebaTa maTTvis qristesTa, juar-cumisa,
daflvisa da aRdgomisaTvis misisa, da samoslisa misisa da
juarTa da tiloTasa da sudarisasa yovelsa miwyebiT, rameTu
aravin yofil iyo, arca iyo Soris ierusalemsa zomi misi mec-
nierebiTa Sjulisa gzasa Zuelsa da axalsa yovelsave.~36
mesame epizodSi ukve xazgasmulia efeseli kacis iniciati-
viT konstantine keisris gaqristianeba da misi brZola qristes
niSniT. am SemTxvevaSi mieniSneba, rom wminda nino ukve saber-
ZneTSia da aqedan miemarTeba qarTlisken. aqve umTavresi ad-
gili eTmoba imis gadmocemas, Tu rogor moxda qarTlSi qris-
tianuli eklesiis formis Camoyalibeba berZenTa daxmarebiT:
`da viTarca aRaSenes eklesiaY, waravlina mociquli da wig-
ni ninoisi saberZneTa, mefisa kostantinesa Txovad mRdelTa,
xolo igini mwrafl miiwines.
da mosca mefeman iovane episkoposi da orni mRdelni da
erTi diakoni da wigni elene dedoflisaY da xati macxovrisaY
da Zeli cxorebisaY ninoisTvis.
da viTarca movides, naTeli moiRo mirean mefeman da de-
dofalman da yovelman saxlman maTman.~37
saberZneTidan warmogzavnili saeklesio moRvaweni qarTlSi
qristianul eklesias afuZneben — mis formas gansazRvraven.
rogorc vxedavT, am SemTxvevaSi efesodan inspirirebuli
nakadi saberZneTis gavliT miemarTeba mcxeTisken da aq qris-
tianuli eklesiis formas amkvidrebs.
nax. 2
- 160 -
vfiqrobT, efesodan mcxeTisken momdinare am nakadebis
mocemuli saxiT warmodgena uaRresad mniSvnelovan adgils
ikavebs `moqcevis~ avtoris mier Camoyalibebul koncefciaSi.
igi sruliad naTlad mianiSnebs im kavSirebze, romlebic arse-
boben efesosa da mcxeTis sulier garemoTa Soris.
erTi SexedviT ucnaurad gamoiyureba, rom efeseli kaci
qristianuli mrwamsis damcvelad saberZneTis mefes indoeTs
usaxelebs. Tu am faqts wminda istoriul planSi SevxedavT,
cxadia, srul gaugebrobasTan gveqneba saqme. ra Tqma unda, IV
saukuneSi ar arsebobda iseTi qristianuli indoeTi, saber-
ZneTisaTvis rom samagaliTod gamodgeboda, magram `moqcevaSi~
mocemuli uwyeba gagebul unda iqnas swored sulieri mniS-
vnelobiT da ara rogorc realuri istoriuli faqti.
efeseli kacis rCevaSi swored is aspeqtebia wamoweuli,
romelTac ukve SevexeT efesos qristianul saZmosTan dakav-
SirebiT. efeso, rogorc sulieri garemo, qristemdel epoqa-
Sic erT-erT umTavres sayrdens warmoadgenda dasavluri da
aRmosavluri sulieri nakadebis gawonasworebis saqmeSi da
amjeradac ioanes gamocxadebis uwyebebze dayrdnobiT `mo-
qcevis~ avtori mianiSnebs gaqristianebuli aRmosavleTisa
da dasavleTis wonasworobas. igi qristianulad ganixilavs
rogorc imdroindeli dasavleTis tipiur warmomadgenels —
roms, aseve aRmosavluri sulierebis umTavres centrs — in-
doeTs. amave dros igi iTvaliswinebs, rom efesos saZmos qris-
tianuli mrwamsi, pirvel rigSi, swored induri misteriuli
warmodgenebiTaa Seferili.
rac Seexeba efesodan momdinare kidev ufro Zvel nakads,
rac kacobriobis istoriaSi momxdar ufro Zvel etapobriv
cvlilebas exeba, `moqceva~ mas Zalze xatovnad ukavSirebs
aleqsandre makedonels. amgvari gziT Zalze zustad gamoixate-
ba WeSmariti sulieri faqti, rasac adgili hqonda Zv. w. IV sau-
kuneSi, miuxedavad imisa, wminda realistur planSi namdvilad
ilaSqra Tu ara aleqsandre makedonelma saqarTveloSi.
`moqcevis~ avtori sruliad xazgasmulad imaginaciur xat-
saxeebSi gadmogvcems urTules saRvTismetyvelo problemebs.
mogvianebiT, XII saukuneSi, roca `qarTlis moqcevaze~ dayrd-
nobiT arseni imave Tematikas exeba, igi saWirod Tvlis zogi-
erTi simboluri xati ufro cxadlivi formiT warmoadginos.
igi gansakuTrebul aqcents akeTebs RvTismSoblisadmi saqar-
Tvelos wilxvdomilobis sakiTxze da am SemTxvevaSic movlene-
- 161 -
bi swored efesos ukavSirdeba. rogorc cnobilia, macxovris
amaRlebisa da sulTmofenis Semdeg mociqulebma kenWisyriT
gainawiles saqadageblad gansazRvruli teritoriebi. am ken-
WisyraSi RvTismSobelmac miiRo monawileoba da mas saqar-
TveloSi qadageba xvda wilad. rac Seexeba efesos, igi swored
ioane maxareblis wilxvdomilia. arseni am faqtsac sagangebod
gamoyofs:
`xolo wmidasa ioanes, maxarebelsa da RmrTismetyuelsa,
egreTve sam-gzis wil-gdebiTa xuda kerZoY efesoisaY, queyanaY
asiisaY.~38
am SemTxvevaSi arseni yuradRebas amaxvilebs kidev erT
uaRresad Rrmad ezoterul faqtze — RvTismSoblisa da io-
ane maxareblis urTierTobaze. rogorc saxarebidanaa cnobi-
li, ukve jvarcmuli macxovari amgvarad mimarTavs iqve mdgar
RvTismSobelsa da ioanes:
`hrqua dedasa Tvissa: dedakaco, aha Ze Seni!
da merme mowafesa mas hrqua: aha dedaY Seni! da mieriTgan
wariyvana igi mowafeman man TvisTa Tana.~39
RvTismSoblisa da ioanes am axali urTierTobis faqts ar-
seni swored efesos ukavSirebs da aRniSnavs, rom RvTismSo-
belma amgvarad mimarTa ioanes:
` . . . aw ukue warved Senca queyanasa mas, romeli wil-gxu-
da, da movide meca Sen Tana, raiTa orive sruliqmnas: Senica
qadagebaY da kualad Cemgan ganuSorebelobaY.~40
rogorc vxedavT, jvarcmuli macxovari uRrmesi sulieri
kavSiriT aerTebs erTmaneTTan RvTismSobelsa da ioanes. amis
Semdeg maTi moRvaweoba erTmaneTisgan ganuSorebelia. amgvari
kavSiri TavisTavad gulisxmobs maT wilxvdomil garemoTa So-
ris arsebul sulier kavSirsac. es wilxvdomili garemoebi ki,
erTi mxriv, saqarTveloa, xolo, meore mxriv, efeso.
ase rom, saqarTvelosa da efesos Soris jer kidev preis-
toriuli xanidan arsebuli Rrma sulieri kavSiri ukve qris-
tianuli epoqis dasawyisSive grandiozul sulier safexurze
ganxorcielebuli kavSiriT gvirgvindeba.
rogorc vnaxeT, ganxilul epizodebSi kvlav saxeze gvaqvs
àxali ierusalimis~ specifikuri gageba. berZnuli samyaro
ganixileba rogorc qristianobis garegnuli mxaris ganmac-
xadebeli, xolo mcxeTa rogorc qristianobis Sinagani arsis
mimRebi da Semnaxveli. orive es nakadi sulierad ukavSirdeba
efesos uZveles misteriebs da aRniSnulia, rom wminda ninos
- 162 -
iniciativiT isini IV saukunis saqarTveloSi xvdebian erTma-
neTs. am suraT-xatSi wina planze kvlav saqarTvelos RvTis-
mSoblisadmi wilxvdomilobisa da ioane maxarebelTan arsebu-
li mimarTebebi gamodis.
bunebrivad ibadeba kiTxva: risi Tqma unda `moqcevis~ av-
tors, roca dabejiTebiT irwmuneba, rom qarTvelebi qarTlis
teritoriaze makedonelma daasaxla, Semdeg ukve saqarTveloSi
qristianobis damkvidrebamde viRac efeselma kacma konstan-
tine keisari moaqcia, wminda ninos ierusalimidan qarTlisken
wamosvla ki viRac efesel qals ukavSirdeba.
aq sruliad uadgiloa am uwyebaTa istoriuli sizus-
tis Zieba. es uwyebebi swored rom pirdapiri mniSvnelobebiT
unda iqnas gagebuli, magram ara statistikuri TvalsazrisiT.
miuxedavad imisa, rom makedoneli istoriulad arasodes yo-
fila saqarTveloSi, `moqcevis~ avtori irwmuneba, rom qarTl-
Si damkvidrebuli xalxis cxovreba im sulieri impulsebiTaa
ganmsWvaluli, rac makedonelis aRmosavlur eqspediciebs
ukavSirdeba. ese igi, saqarTveloSi danergilia is sulieri im-
pulsebi, romlebic efesos Zveli misteriebidan momdinareobs
da Zveli aRmosavluri misteriebis berZnul formaSi warmod-
genas gulisxmobs.
konstantine keisrisTvisac efesel kacs arasodes urCevia
mterTan qristes niSniT brZola. istoriuli wyaroebis mixed-
viT es miniSneba man sizmarSi miiRo.
saxelis gareSe moxsenebuli viRac efeseli qalis Sesa-
xebac Znelia istoriis TvalsazrisiT msjeloba, magram yvela
es uwyeba erTi mimarTulebiT mimarTavs mkiTxvelis gonebas.
isini qmnian erTian warmodgenas — wminda ninos mier qarTlSi
damkvidrebuli qristianuli cxovrebis forma umTavresad im
sulier impulsebs efuZneba, romlebic efesodan momdinare-
obs. ese igi, Zveli aziuri misteriebi, romlebmac dasavleTSi
efesomde moaRwia da axleburi saxiT gardaiqmna, efesos da-
cemis Semdeg mcxeTaSi axali misteriis saxiT yalibdeba. Zveli
aziuri misteriebi, romlebic Zvel efesoSi berZnuli formiT
gardaiqmna, amjerad mcxeTas afareben Tavs da qristianuli
saxiT gvevlinebian. sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, mcxeTaSi Zveli aR-
mosavluri misteriebis gaqristianeba xdeba.
rogorc qvemoT ufro vrclad iqneba naCvenebi, saqar-
TveloSi Camoyalibebuli qristianuli cxovrebis forma Rrmad
ukavSirdeba aRniSnul sulier impulsebs.
- 163 -
Tavi V
`qeba da dideba
Y Y
qarTulisa enisa “ — mefeTa sia
Y
rogorc zemoT iTqva, efesos misteriebSi Zalze didi ad-
gili eTmoboda kosmosuri logosis gancdas. am misteriebSi
xdeboda imis Wvretac, Tu rogor vlindeba adamianis metyvele-
baSi kosmosuri logosi. rogorc Cans, es saRvTismetyvelo
Tematika did adgils ikavebs pirveli saukuneebis qarTvel
moZRvarTa naazrevSic.
Zveli qarTuli werilobiTi Zeglis `qebaY da didebaY
qarTulisa enisaY“-s Sesaxeb ukve sakmaod bevri iTqva da dai-
wera. miuxedavad mravali saintereso mosazrebisa, es Zegli
mainc ver CaiTvleba saTanadod Seswavlilad. amjerad Cvenc
gvinda zogierTi mosazrebiT SevuerTdeT kvlevis process.
teqstis kvlevis periodSi aSkarad mcdarad Setanil Ses-
worebebs Tu ar gaviTvaliswinebT, `qebaY“-s teqsti amgvari
saxiT SeiZleba ganvixiloT:
1 damarxul ars enaY qarTuli dRemde meored mosvlisa mi-
sisa sawameblad, raYTa yovelsa enasa RmerTman amxilos
amiT eniTa.
2 da ese enaY mZinare ars dResamomde, da saxarebasa Sina
amas enasa lazare hqvian.
3 da axalman nino moaqcia da helene dedofalman. ese ari-
an orni dani, viTarca mariam da marTaY.
4 da megobrebaY amisTvis Tqva, viTarmed yoveli saidum-
loY amas enasa Sina damarxul ars.
5 da oTxisa dRisa mkudari amisTvis Tqua daviT winaYs-
warmetyvelman, rameTu: weli aTasi, viTarca erTi dRe.
6 da saxarebasa Sina qarTulsa Tavsa xolo maTeYsa wili zis,
romel asoY ars da ityvis yovlad oTx aTassa maragsa.
7 da ese ars oTxi dReY da oTxisa dRisa mkudari, amisTvis
mis Tanave dafluli sikudiliTa naTlis-Rebisa misisaYTa.
- 164 -
8 da ese enaY, Semkuli da kurTxeuli saxeliTa uflisaYTa,
mdabali da dawunebuli, moelis dResa mas meored mos-
vlasa uflisasa.
9 da saswaulad ese aqus: oTxmeoc da aToTxmeti weli ume-
teYs sxuaTa enaTa qristeYs moslviTgan vidre dResa-
momde.
10 da ese yoveli, romeli weril ars, mowamed warmogiTxar,
asoY ese wili anbanisaY.
am SemTxvevaSi, gaTvaliswinebulia pavle ingoroyvas mier
teqstis danawevreba aT nawilad. marTalia amgvari danawevreba
pirobiTia, magram teqstis ganxilvis TvalsazrisiT mainc sak-
maod mosaxerxebelia.
teqstis zogad xasiaTTan dakavSirebiT Tamaz Cxenkelma
marTebulad SeniSna, rom masSi garkveuli simbolikis saxiT
mocemulia `saniSnoebi”:
ès saniSnoebi uTuod garkveul codnas gulisxmobs. ri-
sas? imisas, rac kodirebulia teqstSi da rac masTan uSua-
lo mimarTebaSia teqstisgare informaciis saxiT. nawarmoebi
teqstisa da teqstisgare sistemebis urTierTdamokidebule-
bas warmoadgens. Cveni azriT, himnSi cxadyofili informacia
mkiTxvels teqstisgare arsebul informaciaze miuTiTebs imis
meSveobiT, rac (daSifruli) codnis saxiT TviTon teqstSia
mocemuli.~1
`qebaY“-s teqstTan dakavSirebuli gamokvlevebis mraval-
ferovnebis erT-erTi mTavari mizezic swored isaa, rom amgvar
`teqstisgare sistemebad~ sxvadasxva mkvlevarTa mier sxva-
dasxva sferoebi iqna miCneuli.
aqve gvinda SevniSnoT `qebaY“-sTan dakavSirebuli erTi ga-
remoebac. Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT, teqstis pirveli naxevari
gacilebiT farTodaa Seswavlili, vidre meore. xSirad gverds
uvlian iseT mniSvnelovan simboloebs, rogorebicaa òTxmeoc
da aToTxmeti weli umeteYs sxuaTa enaTa qristeYs mosvliTgan
vidre dResamomde~ da aso `wil~-is ganmarteba. rogorc teq-
stidan Cans, swored es ori simbolo gamoxatavs qarTuli enis
umTavres saswaulebs.
vidre am simboloTa arsSi garkvevas SevecdebodeT, albaT,
saWiroa mokled SevexoT teqstis im nawilTan dakavSirebul
kvlevaTa Sedegebs, romelTa marTebulobac sadaod ar gveCve-
neba.
- 165 -
zviad gamsaxurdiam marTebulad SeniSna, rom èna~ Zvel
qarTulSi, iseve, rogorc sxva Zvel enebSi, mxolod enas ki ar
niSnavs, aramed xalxs, erovnebas, modgmas. es mosazreba dama-
jereblad iqna dasabuTebuli. swored ènis~ amgvarma gagebam
ganapiroba is, rom `qebaY“-sTan dakavSirebul `teqstisgare in-
formaciad~ miCneul iqna qarTveli xalxis, qarTveli eris is-
toriuli bedis moazreba.2
enis am mniSvnelobis gaTvaliswinebiT teqstis pirveli
winadadeba iuwyeba, rom qarTveli eri damarxulia macxovris
meored mosvlamde mis dasamowmeblad, raTa macxovarma am eris
meSveobiT amxilos codvili kacobrioba.
1 `damarxul ars enaY qarTuli dRemde meored mosvlisa

misisa sawameblad, raYTa yovelsa enasa RmerTman amxilos amiT
eniTa.~
am SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia sityva `damarxulis~ Zveli

mniSvnelobis gaTvaliswinebac. Tanamedrove qarTulSi igi
ufro metad sityva `dafvlis~ sinonimad ixmareba, maSin roca
Zvelad damarxvaSi umTavresad igulisxmeboda raimes dacva,
Senaxva. ese igi, teqstis dasawyisSi saubaria meored mosvlamde
qarTveli eris dacvis, anu Semonaxvis Sesaxeb.
cxadia, sityva `sawameblad~ araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda
iqnas gagebuli Tanamedrove mniSvnelobiT, rogorc wameba,
tanjva. Zveli qarTuli formis gaTvaliswinebiT, igi gulis-
xmobs damowmebas.
sxvadasxva gamokvlevaSi aseve sxvadasxvagvarad iqna gage-
buli sityva àmxilos~ mniSvnelobac. warmodgenil konteqstSi
ufro zustia misi gageba rogorc mxileba (raime codvaTa gamo
mxileba). Zvel qarTulSi umTavresad swored am mniSvnelo-
biT vxvdebiT am sityvas, magram uTuod gasaTvaliswinebelia
is garemoebac, rom teqstis mTliani Sinaarsidan gamomdinare,
bunebrivad am sityvas meore mniSvnelobac (gamxela, raime sai-
dumlos gamxela) igulisxmeba. rogorc teqstidan gveuwyeba,
qarTvel erSi damarxuli, anu Senaxuli yofila `yoveli sai-
dumlo~.
cxadia, es Senaxva moxda swored meored mosvlisas
gamomJRavnebis, anu gamxelisTvis.
ase rom, `qebaY“-s pirveli winadadeba Zalze optimisturad
gamoiyureba: qarTveli eri miaRwevs meored mosvlamde. saRm-
- 166 -
rTo gangebulebiT es eri daculi iqneba im dromde, raTa misi
meSveobiT moxdes qristes meored mosvlis damowmeba. amis
Sedegad SesaZlebeli iqneba, rom RmerTma swored qarTveli
eris saSualebiT amxilos kacobriobis codvili nawili.
vfiqrobT, uaRresad mniSvnelovania z. gamsaxurdias mier
gamoTqmuli mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom meored mosvlisas
qarTveli erisTvis gankuTvnili misia, amave dros, suliwmidis
gamovlenis misiasac ukavSirdeba:
`saqarTvelo, gadmocemiT RvTismSoblis wilxvdomilia.
RvTismSobeli, sofia, anu zeciuri deda, ezoteruli Tval-
sazrisiT aris deda misteriebisa, izida, `magna mater~ yvela
antiuri religiebisa da kultebisa. xolo pirvelqristian-
Ta da eklesiis mamaTa gagebiT, igi aris suliwmidis miwieri
gamocxadeba, suliwmidisa, romelic aris momcemeli WeSmariti
saRvTo sibrZnisa (sofiasi) da amave dros codvaTagan ganwmen-
dis madlisa, saxarebaSi mas ewodeba agreTve parakleti, anu
nugeSismcemeli.
ioanes saxarebaSi macxovari amcnobs Tavis mowafeebs, rom
momavalSi suliwmidam unda amxilos sofeli codvisaTvis da
amave dros unda mohmadlos rCeulebs WeSmariti saRvTo si-
brZne: àramed WeSmaritsa getyvi Tquen: umjobes ars Tqueda,
raYTa me warvide. ukeTu me ara warvide, nugeSismcemeli igi
ara movides Tquenda; ukeTu me warvide, movavlino igi Tquenda
da movides igi da amxilos sofelsa codvisaTvis da simar-
TlisaTvis da sasjelisaTvis. codvisaTvis esreT, rameTu ara
hrwmena Cemda momarT, xolo simarTlisaTvis, rameTu me mamisa
Cemisa mival da arRara mxedvideT me. xolo sasjelisaTvis,
rameTu mTavari igi amis soflisa dasjil ars~.3
amrigad, saxarebis mixedviT, suliwmidis misia aris kaco-
briobis codvaTa, anu `yvela enaTa~ codvaTa mxileba. igive
misia ekisreba qarTvel ers momavalSi, ioane zosimes Tvalsaz-
risiT. eWvgareSea, igi, rogorc WeSmariti qristiani, suliwmi-
dis mier kacobriobis momaval mxilebas qarTvel ers imis gamo
ukavSirebs, rom saqarTvelo aris RvTismSoblis wilxvdomili,
xolo RvTismSobeli aris suliwmidis miwieri gamocxadeba.
SemTxveviTi rodia is garemoeba, rom gadmocemiT, RvTismSo-
bels wilad ergo saqarTvelo suliwmidis gadmosvlis dRes,
anu martvilias.4
suliwmidis, RvTaebrivi sofiisa da RvTismSoblis xatebis
urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxs qvemoT SedarebiT vrclad Sevexe-
- 167 -
biT da amdenad aq aRar SevudgebiT am sakiTxebis dazustebas.
teqstis meore winadadeba iuwyeba, rom qarTveli eri mZina-
rea `dResamomde~ da am ers saxarebaSi lazare hqvia.
2 `da ese enaY mZinare ars dResamomde, da saxarebasa Sina

amas enasa lazare hqvian.~
qarTveli eris lazaresTan Sedareba teqstis Semdgom

nawilSi kidev ufro zustdeba, xolo rac Seexeba imis garkve-
vas, Tu ra istoriul periods gulisxmobs sityva `dResamomde~,
arsebul gamokvlevebSi mravali mosazrebaa gamoTqmuli, ma-
gram, Cveni azriT, maTSi ver vxvdebiT naTel dadasturebas.
mesame winadadebaSi mocemulia cnobili istoriuli faqti
imis Sesaxeb, rom saqarTvelo wminda ninom da elene dedofalma
moaqcies. istoriulobis TvalsazrisiT, cxadia, ufro zusti
iqneboda imis aRniSvna, rom saqarTvelo wminda ninom moaqcia
da am saqmianobaSi mas elene dedofalic uwevda Tanadgomas,
magram am SemTxvevaSi avtori miznad ar isaxavs amgvari isto-
riuli niuansebis dazustebas. amave dros aRiniSneba, rom isini
arian rogorc òrni dani~ — mariami da marTa.
3 `da axalman nino moaqcia da helene dedofalman. ese ari-

an orni dani, viTarca mariam da marTaY.~
rogorc saxarebidanaa cnobili, es ori dani, `mariami da

marTaY~, amave dros, swored lazares debi arian. xolo ram-
denadac qarTveli eri, anu qarTuli kultura Sedarebulia
lazaresTan, am gagebiT isini saqarTvelos debadac moiazrebi-
an. `qebaY“ igive saxiT warmogvidgens saqarTvelos momaqcevar
meore wyvilsac — wminda ninos da wminda elenes. amave dros,
rogorc marTebuladaa aRniSnuli, wminda ninosa da elene de-
doflis dakavSireba mariamsa da marTasTan sruliad gansaz-
Rvrul Sinaarssac gulisxmobs.
imavdroulad, wminda nino dakavSirebulia mariamTan,
xolo elene dedofali — marTasTan. am suraT-xatebis garkveva
ki SesaZlebelia lukas saxarebidan, sadac amgvari epizodia
moTxrobili:
macxovari stumrad imyofeboda erT-erT dabaSi. marTam
saxlSi SeipatiJa igi. man didi mondomeba gamoiCina stumris
pativsacemad. mariami saojaxo saqmianobaSi ar mixmarebia mar-
- 168 -
Tas. igi macxovris ferxTiT dajda da yuradRebiT ismenda mis
sityvebs. am ambavma marTa aRaSfoTa da macxovars SesCivla,
rom mariamma igi marto miatova misadmi msaxurebis saqmeSi.
macxovarma mas amgvarad upasuxa:
`marTa! hzrunav da SfoT xar mravlisaTvis; aqa erTisa ars
saxmar. xolo mariam keTili nawili gamoirCia, romeli arasada
mieRos misgan.~5
am SemTxvevaSi, mariami ganasaxierebs sulis Sinagan aq-
tivobas, RvTaebrivi sityvis miRebis wyurvilsa da mis Sinagan
gancdas. marTa, piriqiT, gansaxierebaa sulis garegani aqtivo-
bisa. misi sulieri moRvaweoba umTavresad garegnul qmedebaSia
gamovlenili. ese igi, mariami ganasaxierebs mistikuri Wvretis
gzas, xolo marTa socialur, sazogadoebriv sferoSia CarTu-
li. rogorc vnaxeT, am ori gzidan macxovari upiratesobas
mariamis gzas aniWebs.
`qebaY“-s avtori swored imas aRniSnavs, rom wminda ninosa
da elene dedoflis saxiT saqarTveloSi Semovida ori nakadi.
wminda ninom saqarTveloSi moitana RvTis mistikuri Wvreta,
xolo elene dedofalma daamkvidra qristianobis garegnuli
forma.
sakmaod mravlismetyvelia `qebaY“-s Semdegi winadadeba:
4 `da megobrebaY amisTvis Tqva, viTaremed yoveli saidum-

loY amas enasa Sina damarxul ars.~
am winadadebaSi ar aris mocemuli qvemdebare da amdenad

rTulia garkveva, Tu vin Tqva es `megobrebaY~. amave dros, arc
isaa naTlad mocemuli, Tu vis megobrobazea saubari.
Tu warmovidgenT, rom es winadadeba uSualod agrZelebs
wina winadadebaSi dawyebul azrs, maSin gamodis, rom saubaria
wminda ninosa da elene dedoflis megobrobaze. am SemTxvevaSi
gansaxilveli winadadeba iuwyeba, rom mas Semdeg, rac wminda ni-
nosa da elene dedoflis erToblivi moqmedebiT saqarTveloSi
Semotanil iqna qristianobis rogorc Sinagani, aseve garegani
formebi, am erSi daimarxa qristianobis yoveli saidumlo da,
rogorc zemoT iTqva, am saidumlos gamJRavneba moxdeba meo-
red mosvlisas.
gansaxilveli winadadebebis forma sakmao safuZvels iZle-
va imisTvisac, rom `megobroba~ davukavSiroT rogorc qarTul
ènas~, aseve mis saxarebiseul Sesatyviss — lazares. am Sem-
- 169 -
TxvevaSi `qebaY“-Si mocemuli megobrobis sulieri mniSvneloba
gacilebiT farTo saxiT warmodgeba.
qristianul TeologiaSi arsebobs azri imis Sesaxeb, rom
lazare aris igive ioane maxarebeli. marTalia, macxovari
yvela mociquls Tavis megobrebs uwodebs, magram ioanesTan
dakavSirebiT aRiniSneba, rom igi ufals gansakuTrebulad uy-
varda. siyvarulis gamomsaxveli igive termini (berZnulad —
filia) manamde mxolod lazaresTan dakavSirebiTaa naxmari,
rac erT-erT argumentsac warmoadgens ioanesa da lazares
igiveobisaTvis.
lazares aRdginebasTan dakavSirebiT, faqtobrivad, sau-
baria macxovrisgan ioanes xeldasxmis ganxorcielebis Sesa-
xeb. oTxdRiani sikvdilis, anu oTxdRiani leTargiuli Zilis
mdgomareobis gavliT ganxorcielebuli xeldasxma uZvelesi
droidan misteriebis aucilebel atributad iTvleboda. la-
zares aRdginebisagan gansxvavebiT es aqti mudam Rrmad gasai-
dumloebul garemoSi aResruleboda. macxovarma lazares aR-
dginebis saswauli sruliad cxadlivad, saxalxod aRasrula.
is, rac manamde misteriebis udides saidumlos warmoadgenda,
macxovarma saxalxo xilvisTvis gamoitana. am aqtiT mieniSna,
rom xeldasxmis Zvelma formam ukve amowura Tavisi Jami da amis
Semdeg igi qristianuli xeldasxmiT Seicvleboda. lazares aR-
dgineba Zveli misteriebis epoqis dasasruls afiqsirebs. male
golgoTaze aResruleba movlena, romlis Semdegac qristianu-
li iniciaciis gzaze damdgari yvela morwmunisaTvis savalde-
bulo xdeba qristesmieri naTlisRebis gavla.
macxovris Tormet mociqulTagan jvarcmis movlenas mxo-
lod ioane eswreba, rac imis mimaniSnebelia, rom mas yvelaze
metad gaaCnia qristesmieri naTlisRebis gancda. sakuTari xel-
dasxmis gamocdilebidan gamomdinare, mas ukve Seswevs unari
xiluli TvalebiT, dRis cnobierebiT aRiqvas is grandiozuli
movlena, rac macxovris jvarcmasTanaa dakavSirebuli.
Kkidev erTxel gavixsenoT, rom swored am epizodSi
aResruleba kidev erTi mniSvnelovani aqti. jvarze gakruli
macxovari uaRresad Rrma sulieri kavSiriT erTmaneTTan
aerTebs RvTismSobelsa da ioane maxarebels.
`xolo iesu viTarca ixila dedaY Tvisi da mowafe igi,
romeli uyuarda, winaSe mdgomareni, hrqua dedasa Tvissa:
dedakaco, aha Ze Seni!
da merme mowafesa mas hrqua: aha dedaY Seni! da mieriTgan
- 170 -
wariyvana igi mowafeman man TvisTa Tana.~6
rogorc vxedavT, jvarcmis Semdeg ioane ukve RvTismSob-
lis Svilobilia. wilxvdomilobis TvalsazrisiT, aseve RvTis-
mSoblis Svilobils warmoadgens saqarTveloc.
am TvalsazrisiT, `qebaY“-Si mocemuli uwyeba imis Sesaxeb,
rom qarTvel ers saxarebaSi lazare (anu ioane) hqvia, uaRre-
sad Rrma sulieri Sinaarsis gamomsaxvelia. ioanes RvTismSo-
belTan amgvari kavSiriT dakavSireba, sulieri TvalsazrisiT,
imasac mianiSnebs, rom ioanes miemadleba is uRrmesi saidumlo
sibrZne, rasac simbolurad RvTaebrivi sofia ganasaxierebs
da miwier planSi RvTismSobelSi vlindeba. swored amitomaa
naTqvami `qebaY“-Si, rom yoveli saidumlo qarTul kulturaSia
damarxuli.
`qebaY“-s Semdgom winadadebaSi ukve mocemulia, erTi mxriv,
lazares sikvdilis da, meore mxriv, saqarTvelos damarxvis,
anu Zilis xangrZlivobis Taviseburi interpretacia.
5 `da oTxisa dRisa mkudari amisTvis Tqua daviT winas-

warmetyvelman, rameTu: weli aTasi, viTarca erTi dReY“.
ramdenadac lazarem oTxdRiani sikvdilis periodi gaiara,

igive ricxviTi simbolo gansazRvravs qarTveli eris Zilis
mdgomareobasac, magram, cxadia, droiTi masStabi gacilebiT
didia da avtori mianiSnebs TiToeuli dRis gamosaxvas aTas-
wleuliT, risTvisac bibliur daviTs imowmebs.
am ricxviTi simbolos Sesaxeb arsebul gamokvlevebSi sain-
tereso mosazrebebia gamoTqmuli, magram amjerad misi mniS-
vneloba erTgvarad gansxvavebul konteqstSi iqneba warmodge-
nili, rasac qvemoT SevexebiT.
aseve qvemoT SevexebiT `qebaY“-s Semdgom uwyebasac, sadac,
erTi SexedviT, sayovelTaod cnobili faqtia aRniSnuli:
6 `da saxarebasa Sina qarTulsa Tavsa xolo maTeYsa wili

zis, romel asoY ars da ityvis yovlad oTx aTassa maragsa.~
maTes saxarebis qarTuli Targmani namdvilad aso `wil~-iT

iwyeba da qarTul asomTavrul anbanSi 31-e adgilze moTavse-
buli aso `wil~-is ricxviTi mniSvnelobac namdvilad 4000-ia.
31 o 4000
- 171 -
rogorc `qebaY“-s teqstis boloSi irkveva, avtori Zalze
did mniSvnelobas aniWebs am TiTqosda elementarul sakiT-
xebs.
me-7 winadadebaSi zustdeba, rom zemoT aRniSnuli oTxi
dRe namdvilad macxovris dafvlasTan dakavSirebul naTlis-
Rebas mianiSnebs:
7 `da ese ars oTxi dReY da oTxisa dRisa mkudari, amisTvis

mis Tanave dafluli sikudiliTa naTlis-Rebisa misisaYTa.~
ioane zosime aRniSnavs, rom qarTuli ena (anu modgma, kul-

tura) qristesTanaa dafluli sikvdiliTa naTlisRebisa misi-
saiTa. ese igi, qarTveli eri iRebs qristianul naTlisRebas.
qristes naTlisRebaSi ki saxarebis mixedviT qristes jvarcma,
dafvla da aRdgoma igulisxmeba. yoveli qristianis valic
swored isaa, rom qristianuli naTlisRebis gziT miiswrafodes
sasufevelisaken. pavle mociquli amgvarad gangvimartavs:
ànu ara uwyiTa, rameTu romelTa-ese naTel-viReT qriste
iesos mier, sikudilisa misisa mimarT naTel-viReT? da Tana-
davefleniT mas naTlis-RebiTa miT sikudilsa missa, raYTa
viTarca-igi aRdga qriste mkudreTiT didebiTa mamisaYTa,
egreTca Cuen ganaxlebiTa cxovrebisaYTa vidodiT. rameTu
ukueTu Tana-nerg veqmneniT msgavsebasa mas sikudilisa misi-
sasa, egreTca aRdgomasa mas missa viyvneT.~7
swored lazare moinaTla pirvelad amgvari naTlisRebiT
da rogorc `qebaY“-s avtori gvauwyebs, imave naTlisRebas ga-
dis qarTveli eric.
ioane zosime imave azrs agrZelebs, roca aRniSnavs, rom
es modgma, romelic kurTxeulia uflisagan, magram realur
yofaSi damdablebuli da dawunebulia, moelis uflis meored
mosvlas, roca unda gamovlindes masSi damarxuli saswauli —
codvili kacobriobis mxileba am eris meSveobiT.
8 `da ese enaY, Semkuli da kurTxeuli saxeliTa uflisaYTa,

mdabali da dawunebuli, moelis dResa mas meored mosvlasa
uflisasa.~
Semdeg ki avtori gamosaxavs uaRresad rTul frazas, rom-

lis pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT gagebac logikas ar eqvemdebareba:
- 172 -
9 `da saswaulad ese aqus: oTxmeoc da aToTxmeti weli ume-
teYs sxuaTa enaTa qristeYs mosvliTgan vidre dResamomde.~
ese igi, ioane zosimes cnobiT, qarTveli eri sxva erebTan

SedarebiT, maTgan aRmatebulad 94 wels iTvlis qristes mos-
vlidan vidre `dResamomde~.
rogorc vxedavT, kidev erTxel mivadeqiT ukve aRniSnul
gaurkvevlobas imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra dros gulisxmobs
gamoTqma — `dResamomde~ da amis garda es uwyeba mTlianobaSic
Zalze gaurkvevlad gamoiyureba. ra droc unda vigulisxmoT
`dResamomde~-Si, cxadia, qristes Sobidan nebismier dRemde
yvela erisTvis erTi da igive dro igulisxmeba da avtoris
cnoba, rom qarTvelebi am dRemde 94 wels umetes sxvaTa erTa
iTvlian, cxadia, Zalze ucnauria.
mkvlevarTa Soris yvelaze didi gaurkvevloba swored
teqstis am fragmentma gamoiwvia. mkvlevarTa didma umravle-
sobam, ubralod, gverdi auara am fragmentis ganxilvas. iyo
sruliad gaumarTlebeli mcdelobac sakuTari Sexedulebebis
mixedviT teqstis gadakeTebisa, roca teqstSi garkveviT dawe-
rili 94-is nacvlad 104-is Canacvleba moxda.
teqstis daskvniTi nawili mianiSnebs, rom avtoris mier ze-
moT damowmebuli saidumlos umTavresi `gasaRebi~ ukve nax-
seneb anbanis aso `wil~-Sia mocemuli:
10 `da ese yoveli, romeli weril ars, mowamed warmogiTxar,

asoY ese wili anbanisaY.~
vfiqrobT, gansakuTrebiT teqstis meore naxevridan

sruliad aSkaraa, rom vidre ar gairkveva teqstSi moxmobili
aso `wil~-isa da sxva erebze aRmatebis mimaniSnebeli ricxvis
94-is mniSvnelobebi, teqstis Seswavla damakmayofileblad ver
CaiTvleba. qvemoT ZiriTadi aqcentebi swored am mimarTulebiT
iqneba gakeTebuli.
upirveles yovlisa, gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom, marTalia, Cven
viziarebT im mosazrebas, rom `qebaY“-s `teqstisgare arsebul
informacias~ warmoadgens ara qarTuli sametyvelo ena, anda
qarTuli asomTavruli anbani, aramed is mesianisturi moZRvre-
ba, romelic qarTveli eris samomavlo perspeqtivebs gansaz-
Rvravs; magram winamdebare gamokvlevaSi SevecdebiT vaCvenoT,
rom amgvari mesianisturi moZRvreba gacilebiT ufro farTo
- 173 -
saxiTaa mocemuli iseT werilobiT ZeglSi, rogoricaa `mo-
qcevaY qarTlisaY.~ `qebaY“-c da `moqceva~-c, faqtobrivad, erT-
sa da imave sulier winamZRvrebs efuZnebian. xolo rac Seexeba
gamomsaxvelobiT formas, vfiqrobT, `qebaY“-s avtori SesaniS-
navad icnobs `moqcevis~ Sinaarss. `moqcevaSi~ mocemuli uaR-
resad rTuli da mravalmxrivi mesianisturi koncefcia `qebaY“-
Si Zalze lakoniuradaa gadmocemuli.
amjerad gvinda `qebaY“-is paralelurad swored `moqcevis~
zogierT fragments mivapyroT yuradReba.
rogorc cnobilia, `qebaY“-c da `moqceva~-c Sinaarsobrivi
TvalsazrisiT erTi da imave istoriuli movlenis, wminda ni-
nosa da elene dedoflis mier qarTlis moqcevis Sesaxeb iu-
wyebian. `moqcevaSic~ xazgasmiT aRiniSneba wminda ninosa da
elene dedoflis keTilganwyobili urTierToba da erToblivi
Rvawli. imave azrs `qebaY“-c garkveviT afiqsirebs.
amave dros `moqcevaSic~ vxvdebiT wminda ninos lazares
debTan mariamTan da marTasTan mimarTebis sakiTxs. Tormeti
wlis ninos amgvarad mimarTavs mamamisi:
`xolo Sen magdanelisa mariamis Suri aRiRe siyuarulis-
Tvis qristesisa da daTa maT lazaresTa.~7
sxva adgilas ki ufro konkretuladac aRiniSneba lazares
dis mariamis gansakuTrebuli miswrafeba uflis sityvis SeT-
visebisaken:
`friad uyuarda mariam ufalsa, rameTu maradis ismenn mis-
sa sibrZnesa WeSmaritsa.~8
`moqcevis~ es motivebi mniSvnelovan adgils ikaveben
`qebaY“-s teqstSic.
rogorc vnaxeT, `moqcevis~ teqsti im ambis moTxrobiT
iwyeba, Tu rogor damkvidrda qarTveli eri qarTlis miwaze.
mas Semdeg, rac makedonelis pirveli laSqroba warumate-
blad damTavrda, es teritoriebi daupyriaT da dauxarkiaT
qaldevelTagan devnil tomebs — honebs (`maSin movides naTesavni
mbrZolni, qaldevelTagan gamosxmulni, honni, da iTxoves bun-
TurqTa uflisagan queyanaY xarkiTa da dasxdes igini zanavs~).
`da Semdgomad raodenisame Jamisa movida aleqsandre, mefe
yovlisa queyanisaY, da dalewna samni ese qalaqni da cixeni, da
honTa dasca maxvili. da Tana-hyvanda aleqsandres mefesa azoY,
Ze arian-qarTlisa mefisaY, da mas miuboZa mcxeTaY sajdomad.~
azom arian-qarTlidan Camoiyvana Tavisianni da daasaxla am
teritoriebze.
- 174 -
Semdeg `moqceva~ iZleva qarTvel mefeTa sias dawyebuls
azodan da damTavrebuls qarTlis moqcevis periodis mefiT —
mirianiT:
`xolo ese azoY warvida arian-qarTlad, mamisa Tvisisa da
warmoiyvana rva saxli da aTni saxlni mama-mZuZeTani, da dajda
Zuel mcxeTas da Tana-hyvandes kerpni RmrTad — gaci da ga.
a˜. da ese iyo pirveli mefe mcxeTas Sina azoY, Ze arian-
qarTvelTa mefisaY, da mokuda.
b˜. da Semdgomad misa dadga farnavaz. aman aRmarTa kerpi
didi cxvirsa zeda, da dasdva saxeli misi armazi. da moqmna
zRude wyliT kerZo, da hrqvian armaz.
g˜. da Semdgomad misa dadga mefed saurmag. aman aRmarTa
kerpi aYnina gzasa zeda. da iwyo armazs Senebad.
d˜. da misa Semdgomad mefobda mirvan. da aRmarTa danina
gzasa zeda winare da aRaSena armazi.
e˜. da mefobda farnajob da aRmarTa kerpi zaden mTasa
zeda da aRaSena cixe.
v˜. da mefobda arsok da qalaqsa zRudeni moaqmnna.
z˜. da mefobda arik, romelman Sidacixe aRaSena armazsa.
H˜. da mefobda bratman, romelsa ze mcxeTas qalaqi daewyo.
T˜. da mefobda mirean. da man aRaSena mcxeTa qalaqi.
i˜. da mefobda arsuk, romelman kaspi Seipyra da uflis-
cixe ganago.
iã. da mefobda rok, romelman raYTurTiT mcxeTa gaiSora.
da mefoba orad gaiyo, orni mefeni dasxdes imier da amier.
i˜b. da mefobda qarZam armazsa da mcxeTas — bratman. da
amaTTa JamTa huriani movides mcxeTas da dasxdes.
i˜g. da mefobda imier farsman da amier — kaoz.
i˜d. da mefobda imier arsok da amier — amazaer.
i˜e. da mefobda imier amazasp da amier — deruk.
i˜v. da mefobda imier farsman qveli da amier — farsman avaz.
i˜z. da mefobda imier rok da amier — mirdat. da amisa ze
moaklda armazi sameufo da mcxeTas oden iyo mefobaY.
i˜ H. da mefobda Radami da dRe k.
i˜T. da farsman,
k˜. da amazasp,
- 175 -
kã. da rev marTali.
k˜b. vaCe.
k˜g. bakur.
k˜d. mirdat.
k˜e. asfagur.
k˜v. lev. mamaY mireanisi.
k˜z. mirean.
ese ocdarvani mefeni qarTls Sina warmarTni.~9
rogorc vxedavT, qarTlis warmarT mefeTa genealogia
sakmaod did dros (Zv. w. IV saukunidan axali welTaRricxvis IV
saukunemde) moicavs.
XX saukunis dasawyisSi mecnieruli azri am siis monace-
mebsac sruli undoblobiT Sexvda. mogvianebiT `moqcevis~
mefeTa siis ganxilvas gacilebiT meti yuradRebiT moekida
p. ingoroyva. man sakmaod vrceli gamokvleva miuZRvna am Temas.
ucxouri da qarTuli wyaroebis SejerebiT igi Seecada aRed-
gina am periodis mefeTa sruli sia. p. ingoroyva im daskvnamde
mivida, rom marTalia `moqcevaSi~ mocemuli mefeTa sia ar aris
sruli, magram igi ìstoriulia da ara legendaruli~ da `Tu
am ZeglSi aris Secdomebi, es aris Secdomebi istoriuli doku-
mentisa da ara legendaruli wyarosi.~10
miuxedavad am gamokvlevis sakmaod maRali mecnieruli Ri-
rebulebisa, `moqcevis~ mefeTa siis Sefasebis sakiTxSi p. in-
goroyvas mainc ver daveTanxmebiT. man miiCnia, rom am sias imitom
aklia mefeTa saxelebi, rom avtors xelT hqonia `dazianebuli~
siebi, an ubralod, es saxelebi gadawerisas daikarga.
sazogadod, aseT varauds, cxadia, aqvs arsebobis ufleba,
magram Cven mainc vfiqrobT, rom `moqcevis~ avtorma Segnebulad
Seadgina mefeTa sia mocemuli saxiT da mas miznad ar dausaxavs
am siis statistikuri sizuste. es sia, erTi mxriv, gamoxatavs
istoriul sinamdviles, magram, amave dros, rogorc naCvenebi
iqneba, mis am saxiT gadmocemas sruliad sxva mizani aqvs.
mocemuli epizodis statistikur-realistur planSi ganxil-
visas aSkarad SeiniSneba ramdenime gaurkvevloba. rogorc sxva-
dasxva istoriuli wyaro iuwyeba, gansaxilvel periodSi qarTlSi
maTac umefiaT, romelTa saxelebic am siaSi ar aris moxsenebuli.
amis garda, warmarT mefeTa siis ubralo Tvalis gadavlebiTac
SevniSnavT, rom siaSi dasaxelebulia ara 28, aramed 27 mefe. siis
mixedviT, miriani swored ocdameSvidea, maSin, roca iqve miTiTe-
- 176 -
bulia: èse ocdarvani mefeni qarTls Sina warmarTni.~
am gaurkvevlobaTa dadgenisa da saerTod mocemuli epi-
zodis mniSvnelobis garkvevisaTvis saWiroa igi ganvixiloT
`moqcevidan~ ara amokveTilad, aramed im konteqstSi, romel-
Sicaa mocemuli.
rogorc aRvniSneT, am sias win uZRvis makedonelis meore
laSqrobis Sedegad qarTvelTa Semosvla qarTlis teritori-
aze. manamde am teritoriebze bun-Turqebi saxlobdnen, magram
teqstSi vxvdebiT erT Zalze mniSvnelovan miniSnebas: mas Semdeg,
rac makedonelis pirveli laSqroba warumateblad damTavrda,
am teritoriaze mosulan `naTesavni mbrZolni, qaldevelTagan
gamosxmulni honni.~ makedoneli meore laSqrobisas swored
honebs SeebrZola da maTgan gaaTavisufla qarTli, miuxedavad
imisa, rom am dros aq kvlav cxovrobdnen is ieboselni, rom-
lebTanac manamde gauWirda SebrZoleba.
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, am SemTxvevaSi adgili aqvs ramdenime
bibliuri epizodis analogiur movlenaTa urTierTSejerebas.
aq, erTi mxriv, urTierTSejerebulia ebraelTa ori cda ior-
daneze gadasvlisa da, meore mxriv, mogvianebiT, aseve ebraelTa
istoriis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani movlena — babilonis tyveo-
ba. qaldevelTagan, anu babilonelTagan qarTlis teritoriebis
dapyroba da Semdeg maTgan ganTavisufleba swored am paralels
mianiSnebs. rogorc gveuwyeba, swored qaldevelTa gandevnidan
iwyeba qarTlis mefeTa istoria — aleqsandrem `mas miuboZa mcxe-
TaY sajdomad . . . da ese iyo pirveli mefe mcxeTas Sina azoY.~
am uwyebiT `moqcevis~ avtori afiqsirebs mis mier moce-
muli qarTlis mefeTa genealogiis sawyis wertils — qarTlis
mefeTa istoria iwyeba babilonelTa tyveobidan qarTlis teri-
toriis ganTavisuflebidan. xolo danarCenis gasarkvevad ga-
vixsenoT, Tu rogor grZeldeba `moqcevis~ teqsti mefeTa siis
CamoTvlis Semdeg:
`da iyo dReTa konstantine mefisaTa, qristes aRmaRlebiT-
gan samas da meaTesa welsa, iyo Ruawli brZolisa mterTagan da
friad ereodes mefesa konstantines, Zesa kostaissa. da gul-
gdebul iyo urvaTagan kostanti keisari.~ am dros `vinme kaci
efeseli~ urCevs mefes, raTa miiRos qristianoba da misi meoxe-
biT ibrZolos moZalebul mterTa winaaRmdeg. `mas Jamsa aRiZra
mefe gundebiTa, da waravlina moyvanebad ebiskoposTa ierusa-
lemiT, antioqiaiT, hromiT da aleqsandriaiT. da naTel-iRo
man Tavadman da dedaman misman banakiTurT.
- 177 -
maT JamiTgan meaTesa welsa warvida helene ierusalemd
Ziebad patiosnisa juarisa da meaToTxmetesa welsa ivltoda
dedakaci vinme mefeTa evadagi, saxeliT rifsime, romlisame
mizezisaTvis deda-mZuZiTurT.
da iyo mis Tana tyue erTi dedakaci Suenieri, saxeliT
nino. . . “11
rifsimesa da gaianes somxeTSi daRupvis Semdeg nino Cadis
qarTlSi `da meequsesa welsa arwmuna colsa mefisasa nanas
sensa Sina missa da meSvidesa welsa mefesa arwmuna saswauliTa
qristesmieriTa.~11
cota qvemoT ki wminda ninos micvalebasTan dakavSirebiT
miTiTebulia: `da Sehvedra suli Tvisi xelTa RmrTisaTa qar-
Tlad moslviTgan meaTxuTmetesa welsa da qristes aRmaR-
lebiTgan t˜lH (338) welsa, dasabamiTgan Wy˜lH (5838) welsa.~
xolo mirian mefem oTxi wlis Semdeg daamTavra `zemo ekle-
siis~ mSenebloba `da mokuda mirean mefe da daefla saSuvalsa
suetsa samxriTsa CrdiloiT kerZo.~12
gansaxilvel epizodSi TvalSi sacemia ori uxerxuloba.
jer erTi, TariRi 310 weli, roca saubaria konstantine mefis
moqcevis Sesaxeb, aTvlilia qristes amaRlebidan. igive meor-
deba wminda ninos micvalebis TariRTan dakavSirebiTac (ese
igi, amaRlebidan 338 w.). SeiZleba gvefiqra, rom avtori welTa
aRricxvas qristes amaRlebidan awarmoebs, magram iqve irkveva,
rom wminda ninos micvalebasTan dakavSirebiT qristes amaR-
lebidan 338 weli gaigivebulia dasabamiTgan 5838 welTan, rac
igive 338 welia, magram ara amaRlebidan, aramed qristes Sobi-
dan. dasabamiTgan qristes Sobamde rom 5500 weli igulisxmeba,
es imave teqstis sxva adgilas xazgasmiT mieTiTeba.
kidev erTi uxerxuloba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom Tu wmin-
da nino 310 wlidan 14 wlis Semdeg modis qarTlisaken, xolo
misi micvaleba moxda qarTlSi Camosvlidan me-15 wels, da es
iyo 338 weli, maSin gamodis, rom erTi weli TiTqosda zedme-
tia. am uxerxulobis Tavidan acileba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi
SeiZleba, Tu gamoTqmaSi `qarTlad mosvliTgan meaTxuTmetesa
welsa~, Tavad qarTlSi mosvlis welsac vigulisxmebT (Tumca
es daSveba TavisTavad xelovnuria). gamodis, rom wminda nino
310 wlidan 14 wlis Semdeg, ese igi 324 wels Camodis qarT-
lSi, 7 wlis Semdeg, ese igi 331 wels moeqca mirian mefe, xolo
wminda ninos qarTlSi Camosvlidan (324 w.) 14 wlis Semdeg, 338
wels moxda misi gardacvaleba. aqedan 4 wlis Semdeg, 342 wels
- 178 -
miicvala mirian mefec.
TiTqosda miviReT daTariRebis naTeli suraTi, magram
kvlav ZalaSia winaaRmdegoba, rom es wlebi aTvlilia qristes
Sobidan, rac kargad eTanadeba imave teqstSi moxsenebul welT-
aRricxvas dasabamiTgan, magram ewinaaRmdegeba im uwyebas, rom
310 da 338 wlebi amaRlebidan unda aiTvalos.
jerjerobiT Tavi SevikavoT sxva istoriuli paralelebis
meSveobiT TariRTa dazustebisagan (miT umetes, rom am mi-
marTulebiT Zalze didi moculobis samuSaoa Catarebuli da
ZiriTadad urTierTgamomricxveli SedegebiT) da vecadoT ga-
varkvioT, dasaxelebuli TariRebi raime ricxviT alegorias
xom ar Seicaven.
vfiqrobT, mocemuli epizodi moTxrobilia istoriis ale-
goriis enaze da warmoadgens swored mefeTa siaSi mocemuli
Temis gagrZelebas.
ramdenadac Txroba exeba qarTlSi qristianobis Semosvlis
faqts, avtori agebs imgvar koncefcias, romelic bibliur is-
toriaze mibmis saSualebas iZleva. swored amitomac, Txro-
bisaTvis SerCeulia igive bibliuri ena.
maTes saxareba dasawyisSive swored macxovris genealo-
gias gvTavazobs. saxarebaSi aqcenti gakeTebulia naTesaobiT
aspeqtze da moTxrobilia, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba ieso qriste
abraams. amisTvis moniSnulia 42 Taoba, romelic dayofilia
sam nawilad: `yoveli naTesavi abrahamisiTgan vidre daviTi-
samde naTesavi aToTxmet; da daviTisiTgan vidre tyuenvamde
babilovnelTagan naTesavi aToTxmet; da tyuenviTgan babilov-
nisaiT vidre qristesamde naTesavi aToTxmet.~13
Sua saukuneebSi yvela qristianul qveynebSi da, maT Soris,
saqarTveloSic ukve gabatonebul tradiciad iqca, rom adgi-
lobriv mefeTa genealogia bibliur genealogiasTan daekav-
SirebinaT. saqarTveloSi es idea gansakuTrebiT naTel saxes
iRebs IX saukunidan, roca samefo taxtze bagrationebi adian.
maTi naTesauri dakavSireba bibliur daviT mefesTan mowmobaa
imisa, rom saqarTveloSic cidan movida mefoba.
gansaxilveli teqstis Seqmnis periodSi problema gan-
sxvavebulad idga. teqstis avtori macxovris genealogiur
xazTan sxva formis kavSirebs warmogvidgens. igi mefeTa gene-
alogiur xazs calke gamoyofs da mas macxovris genealogias-
Tan ara naTesauri kavSiriT, aramed saxarebiseuli Txrobis
maneriT, ricxviTi simbolikiT akavSirebs.
- 179 -
teqstis dasawyisSive SemTxveviT ar aris dafiqsirebuli,
rom qarTvelebis samkvidro teritoriebze mcxovrebni mor-
Cilebdnen da xarks uxdidnen qaldevelebs, romelTaganac
aleqsandre makedonelma gaaTavisufla isini da swored man
daudo dasabami qarTlis pirveli mefis azos gamgeblobas.
rogorc vTqviT, qarTlis qaldevelTagan dapyroba uSu-
alo simetriaSia bibliur epizodTan — ebraeli eris tyveo-
basTan babilonSi. im periodisaTvis qaldevelisa da babilone-
lis cnebebi praqtikulad gaigivebuli iyo.
babilonis tyveoba erT-erTi sakvanZo wertilia macxovris
genealogiur xazSi. maTes saxareba abraamidan babilonis tyveo-
bamde orjer ToTxmet, anu 28 Taobas iTvlis, xolo babilonis
tyveobidan ieso qristemde 14-s. qarTlis mefeTa CamoTvlisas
`qarTlis moqcevis~ avtori swored am bolo 14-s iTvaliswinebs
da aTvlas babilonis tyveobidan iwyebs. ramdenadac qristes
Sobidan qarTlis moqcevamde sam saukuneze metia gasuli da,
cxadia, aucilebelia am faqtis gaTvaliswinebac, teqstis av-
tori kidev erT ToTxmeteuls gulisxmobs qristedan qarTlis
moqcevamde da ricxviTi simbolikis enaze gvauwyebs rom mirian
mefe aris 28-e mefe. ase rom, ToTxmeteulobiTi (anu, rac igivea,
SvidobiTi) aTvla grZeldeba da myardeba ricxviTi simbolikis
simetria saxarebis teqstTan. `moqcevaSi~ moxsenebul mefeTa
raodenoba 28 iyofa or ToTxmeteulad. maTgan pirveli emTxveva
bibliur monakveTs babilonis tyveobidan iseo qristemde, xolo
meore ToTxmeteuli moicavs istoriul monakveTs ieso qriste-
dan mirian mefemde, anu qarTlis moqcevamde. `moqcevis~ mefe-
Ta siis amgvari gayofa sruliad naTlad mieniSneba Tavad am
teqstSic, roca moTxrobilia, rom ieso qristes gankacebis Jams
qarTlSi mefobda amazaeri. marTlac, irkveva, rom `moqcevis~
mefeTa siaSi mefe amazaers swored me-14 adgili ukavia.
SeiZleba vaCvenoT kidev erTi cxadlivi dadastureba
gamoTqmuli mosazrebisa. zemoT aRniSnuli iyo, rom qarTlis
mefeTa CamonaTvalSi erTi SexedviT gaugebrobaa, radgan avtori
azodan mirianamde CamoTvlis 27 mefes, xolo Semdeg sias ajamebs
da ambobs: èse ocdarvani mefeni qarTls Sina warmarTni.~
irkveva, rom CamoTvlis amgvari manerac swored maTes saxa-
rebidan momdinareobs. ieso qristes genealogiis CamoTvlisas
maTe maxarebeli gvauwyebs: `yoveli naTesavi abrahamisiTgan vi-
dre daviTisamde naTesavi aToTxmet; da daviTisiTgan vidre
tyuenvamde babilovnelTagan naTesavi aToTxmet; da tyuenviT-
- 180 -
gan babilovnisaiT vidre qristesamde naTesavi aToTxmet.~14
ese igi, moxsenebulia samjer ToTxmeti, anu 42 modgma.
magram sakmarisia modgmaTa saxeldebiT CamoTvlaSi daviT-
valoT, rom aRmoCndeba, rom iq moxsenebulia ara 42, aramed 41
modgma. ese igi, CamoTvlaSi daklebulia erTi Taoba. amjerad
CvenTvis mniSvnelovani isaa, rom sam ToTxmeteulad gayofil
am rigSi es erTi Taoba daklebulia swored bolo ToTxme-
teulSi — babilonis tyveobidan iesomde, sadac 14-is nacvlad
dasaxelebulia 13 Taoba. ese igi, `moqcevis~ avtori am saxare-
biseul niuanssac ki iTvaliswinebs da qarTlis mefeTa siaSi,
romlis Sesaxebac gvauwyebs, rom raodenoba aris 28, sinam-
dvileSi saxeldebiT 27-s CamoTvlis.
rac Seexeba imas, rom teqstis avtori gvTavazobs ara
modgmaTa, aramed mefeTa TanmimdevrobiT ganxorcielebul
ricxviT simbolikas, irkveva, rom azrovnebis amgvar formasac
sakmaod myari safuZveli aqvs. magaliTisTvis SeiZleba gavix-
senoT romis saxelmwifosTan dakavSirebuli legenda. gadmo-
cemis mixedviT, romis saxelmwifo troas uZvelesi qurumuli
kulturis safuZvleze warmoiSva. kerZod, legendaSi naTqva-
mia, rom troeli gmiri eneasi mSobliuri qalaqis dacemis Sem-
deg Tavis winaparTa miwaze brundeba italiaSi. aqedan iwyeba
romis saxelmwifos istoria. didi xnis Semdeg iuliusis gva-
ris imperatorebi TavianT uSualo winaprad eneass Tvlian da
am gziT TavianTi gvaris RvTaebriv warmoSobas afiqsireben.
Tavad eneasi miCneulia zevsis erT-erT STamomavlad. legen-
da gvTavazobs saintereso ricxviT simbolikas: eneasi meSvide
modgmaa zevsidan. misi Svilisagan — askanusidan, romelmac
qalaqi alba-longa daaarsa, aiTvleba kidev 14 mefe numi-
toremde. numitorTan dakavSirebuli dramatuli movlenebis
Semdeg fiqsirdeba kidev erTi sakvanZo wertili romis saxel-
mwifos istoriaSi — numitoris STamomavali romulusi ZmasTan
erTad aSenebs qalaq roms. romulusidan aiTvleba kidev 7 leg-
endaruli mefe.
rogorc vxedavT, romael mefeTa rigic SvidobiT siste-
maSia warmodgenili, aseve SvideuliTaa igi dakavSirebuli
zevsTanac. zevsidan dawyebul modgmaTa da mefeTa saerTo
rigi 4 Svideulisagan, anu 28 erTeulisagan Sedgeba.
rogorc vxedavT, damTxveva sruliad aSkaraa. `moqcevis~
mefeTa siaSic 28 mefea mocemuli.
sainteresoa is garemoebac, rom didi xnis ganmavlobaSi
- 181 -
romael mefeTa istoriulobaSi eWvi aravis epareboda, vidre
bolos ar dadginda, rom, marTalia, romis mefeebi konkretuli
saxelebiT arian moxsenebulni, magram es saxelebi, ZiriTadad,
istoriul pirovnebebs ki ar gamosaxaven, aramed alegoriuli
Sinaarsis Semcvelni arian da am legendaSi idumalad uZvelesi
misteriebidan momdinare ezoteruli sibrZnea mocemuli.
Tu kvlav `moqcevis~ mefeTa rigs davubrundebiT, advilad
SevamCnevT, rom teqstis avtori warmogvidgens saxarebiseul
ricxviT simbolikasTan mibmis erTgvar paralelur sqemas, rac sa-
Sualebas iZleva moqcevamdeli saqarTvelos istoria winareqris-
tianul bibliur istoriasTan mTlianobaSi iqnas gaazrebuli.
nax. 3
rogorc ki teqstSi qarTlis mefeTa genealogiis CamoTvla
mTavrdeba, mas mosdevs Semdegi epizodi, romelic iuwyeba: `da
iyo dReTa kostantine mefisaTa, qristes aRmaRlebiTgan samas
da meaTesa welsa. . . “ aq, cxadia, konstantine keisris xsenebiT
dafiqsirebulia mocemuli genealogiuri xazis bolo — konstan-
tines mefoba bizantiaSi, ese igi qarTlis mefeTa genealogiuri
xazis CamoTvlamde miniSnebulia am xazis dasawyisze — bibliur
epizodze — babilonis tyveobaze, xolo genealogiuri xazis
bolo mibmulia im periodze, roca bizantiaSi mefobs konstan-
tine (amgvari msjeloba, cxadia, ar uaryofs am faqtTa wminda
- 182 -
istoriul mxaresac, magram, rogorc zemoTac aRvniSneT, es
sakiTxi jerjerobiT ar ixileba, raTa igi ar iqces dabrkole-
bad avtoris ZiriTadi Canafiqris garkvevisaTvis.)
ras SeiZleba niSnavdes teqstSi dafiqsirebuli weli — 310
qristes amaRlebidan?
istoriuli TariRis garda igi SeiZleba ganxilul iqnas
sulieri simbolikis enazec. ricxvi 310, am TvalsazrisiT, aris
igive 31 (ricxvis marjvniv mdgari nulebi ar cvlian mis suli-
er mniSvnelobas), rac, Tavis mxriv, ukavSirdeba 4-s (rogorc
3+1=4). sulieri maTematikis amgvari elementebi sakmaod far-
Todaa gamoyenebuli Zveli drois yvela sulier moZRvreba-
sa da sistemaSi, maT Soris, bibliur teqstebsa da sxvadasxva
xalxebis anbanur sistemebSic. magaliTad, qarTul asomTavrul
anbanSi 31-e adgilze aso `wil~-i zis, romlis ricxviTi aRniS-
vnac Seesabameba 4000-s (ricxvi 4000 ricxviTi simbolikis enaze
igive 4-ia). ase rom, erT-erTi aspeqti am asoiTi gamosaxulebi-
sa aris ricxv 4-is sulieri Sinaarsis gaxsna 3+1 jamiT, anu 4-is
wilobrivi gadmocema 3 da 1-is saxiT.
rogorc zemoT moyvanili sqemidan Cans, saxarebiseul ge-
nealogiur sqemas swored amgvari danawilebiT ebmis `moqcevis~
mier warmodgenili qarTlis mefeTa genealogiuri xazis sqema.
faqtiurad, ricxvi 310 Seicavs saxarebiseuli genealogi-
uri xazisa da qarTlis mefeTa genealogiuri xazis urTierT-
mimarTebis wess — sami nawili iesomde da erTi nawili iesodan
mirian mefemde, anu qarTlis moqcevamde. erTeul nawilad ki
aRebulia igive ricxviTi simbolika, rac maTes saxarebaSia — 14
modgma (ese igi, 14 erTeuli).
nax. 4
aq bunebrivia daibados kiTxva, Tu ratom vfiqrobT, rom
amgvari danawevreba swored qarTuli asomTavruli anbanis aso-
niSan `wil~-Tanaa dakavSirebuli, 4-is daSla 3 da 1 nawilebis
- 183 -
jamad xom am aso-niSnis gareSec sruliad Cveulebrivi movlenaa.
am sakiTxis gasarkvevad saWiroa kidev erTxel gavixsenoT
ioane zosimes `qebaY da didebaY qarTulisa enisaY.“ `wil~-i am-
gvaradaa daxasiaTebuli:
`da saxarebasa Sina qarTulsa Tavsa xolo, maTeYsa wili
zis, romel asoY ars da ityvis yovlad oTx aTassa maragsa.~
ese igi, mieniSneba, rom qarTulad arsebul maTes saxare-
baSi pirvel asod `wil~-i zis. ra Tqma unda, es uwyeba sinam-
dviles Seefereba, magram amjerad CvenTvis Zalze mniSvnelo-
vania, Tu ra saxiT zis aso `wil~-i maTes saxarebis TavSi. maTes
saxareba amgvarad iwyeba:
`wigni Sobisa iesu qristesi, Zisa daviTisi, Zisa abrahamisi.
abraham Sva isak; isak Sva iakob; iakob Sva iuda da Zmani misni;
xolo iuda Sva farez da zara Tamarisgan; da farez Sva
esrom; esrom Sva aram . . .~15
rogorc vxedavT, maTes saxareba swored ieso qristes genea-
logiis ganxilviT iwyeba. es genealogiuri xazi ki, rogorc vna-
xeT, uSualod monawileobs `moqcevis~ mixedviT Sedgenil sqemaSi.
axla gavarkvioT, Tu ratom mianiSnebs `qebaY“-s avtori aso
`wil~-Tan dakavSirebiT swored maTes saxarebis dasawyiss.
maTes saxarebis pirvelive sityva, romlis TavSic, cxadia,
aseve `wil~-i zis, aris sityva `wigni~. dasmuli sakiTxis swo-
rad garkvevisTvis aucilebelia davazustoT am sityvis mniS-
vneloba:
oTxi kanonikuri saxarebidan mxolod maTes saxareba dai-
wera arameulad, ese igi, bibliis pirvelad enaze. amdenad, am
sityvis mniSvnelobis dasazusteblad swored misi ebrauli Si-
naarsi gavarkvioT.
sityva `wigni~ Zalze konkretuli mniSvnelobiT ixmareba
bibliaSi. garda ioane maxareblis mier berZnul enaze dawerili
`gamocxadebisa~, es sityva bibliaSi mxolod orjeraa naxmari.
erTxel, rogorc aRvniSneT, maTes saxarebis dasawyisSi, xolo
meored Zvel aRTqmaSi — èse wigni Sesaqmisa kacTasa, romelsa
dResa Seqmna RmerTman adam . . .~ 16 (Sesaqme, 5, 1).
rogorc cnobilia, sityva `wigns~ imxanad sruliadac ar
gaaCnda is mniSvneloba, rac dReisTvis Cveulebriv igulisxmeba.
`wignad~ iwodeboda is teqsti, romelic iZleoda raime movlenis
Tanmimdevruli procesis saxiT warmodgenas. ese igi, `wignSi~
- 184 -
mocemuli movlenebi aucileblad rigobrivi TanmimdevrobiT
unda yofiliyvnen mocemuli. rogorc maTes saxarebis, aseve
Zveli aRTqmis `wignSi~ mocemulia genealogiuri xazebi, rom-
lebic, cxadia, amgvar rigobriv Tanmimdevrobas emorCilebian.
`qebaY“-s avtori xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom aso-niSani
`wil~-i, romelsac igi Tavis teqstSi gulisxmobs, warmoad-
gens maTes saxarebis TavSi mdgom `wil~-s da amdenad sityva
`wigni~-s dasawyissac. rogorc vTqviT, orive es mniSvneloba
Tanxvdenilia. maTes saxarebis dasawyisic macxovris genealo-
gias mogviTxrobs da sityva `wigni~-c swored am mniSvnelobis
Sinaarss azustebs.
ese igi, `qebaY~-Si mocemuli `wil~-i, romelic qarTuli
asomTavruli anbanis mixedviT ìtyvis yovlad oTx aTassa marag-
sa~ (misi ricxviTi mniSvneloba 4000-ia, xolo rigiTi nomeri 31),
dakavSirebulia im genealogiuri sqemis wilobriv warmodgenas-
Tan, romelic mocemulia maTes saxarebis dasawyisSi. aq moce-
muli macxovris genealogiuri xazi ki moicavs 3 wils — 3-jer
ToTxmeteuls. amas emateba `moqcevaSi~ dafiqsirebuli kidev
erTi ToTxmeteuli iesodan (Cven SemTxvevaSi, mefe amazaeridan)
mirian mefemde da viRebT genealogiis aso `wil~-iT mocemul
danawevrebas (3+1=4): sami nawili qristemde da erTi nawili
qristes Semdeg — sul oTxi wili, anu oTxi ToTxmeteuli.
vfiqrobT, swored amiT unda aixsnas is faqti, rom `mo-
qcevaSi~ qarTlis mefeTa CamoTvlas uSualod misdevs ric-
xviTi simbolo 31, xolo zemoT warmodgenili genealogiuri
sqemis gasaRebi mocemulia imave frazaSi:
`da iyo dReTa kostantine mefisaTa, qristes aRmaRlebiT-
gan samas da meaTesa welsa, iyo Ruawli brZolisaY mterTagan
da friad ereodes mefesa kostantines, Zesa kostaissa. da gul-
gdebul iyo urvaTagan kostanti keisari.
iyo vinme kaci efeseli da warmoTqua winaSe mefisa, vi-
Tarmed: `qristeaneni igi hromni da yovelni hindoni da visca
vis aqus Sjuli igi axali qristes wmidisaY, ZeliTa juarisaiTa
da misiTa sasovebiTa sZleven mterTa Zlierad~.
am rCevis Semdeg konstantine keisarma moiwvia episkoposni
ierusalimidan, antioqiidan, romidan, aleqsandriidan `da na-
TeliRo man Tavadman da dedaman misman banakiTurT~.
TiTqosda ucnaurad gamoiyureba imis aRniSvna, rom iseTi
udidesi mniSvnelobis faqti, rogoricaa bizantiis moqcevis
dasawyisi, ukavSirdeba viRac efeseli kacis rCevas keisrisad-
- 185 -
mi, rom qristes ZaliT ebrZolos mters. am faqtis istoriu-
lobaSi SesaZloa arc araferi yofiliyo saeWvo, am efeseli
kacis vinaoba mainc rom iyos dasaxelebuli, Torem bizantiis
moqcevis amgvari gamartivebuli saxiT warmodgena — viRac efe-
seli kacis rCeviT moeqca bizantia da misi saxelic ki ar icis
avtorma, cota ar iyos ucnaurad gamoiyureba. sinamdvileSi,
cxadia, am epizodSi araferia ucnauri, Tuki mas kvlav alego-
riuli TvalsazrisiT wavikiTxavT.
efeso, rogorc geografiuli adgili, qristianuli Tval-
sazrisiT, imiT aris mniSvnelovani, rom igi ukavSirdeba ioane
maxarebels. efesoSi qristianoba ioane maxarebelma iqadaga. `mo-
qcevidan~ moyvanil fragmentSic xom swored qristianobis qada-
gebazea saubari. efeselma kacma 310 wels swored qristianoba
uqadaga konstantine keisars. radgan aRniSnuli faqti uSualod
mosdevs ricxviT simbolos 310-s, mosalodnelia, rom igi erT-
gvar komentarsac warmoadgens misTvis. vfiqrobT, es swored
asecaa da swored amiT aixsneba zemoT ukve aRniSnuli gaugeb-
roba, roca istoriuli faqtis dasaxelebisas naTqvamia, rom es
moxda `qristes aRmaRlebiTgan samas da meaTesa welsa~.
wminda faqtobrivi TvalsazrisiT, aq wlebis aTvla araf-
riT ar SeiZleboda qristes amaRlebidan momxdariyo, radgan im
droisTvis, ese igi qristes amaRlebidan 310 wels, anu rac igivea,
qristes Sobidan 343 wels (310+33), ara Tu bizantiis moqcevaze
SeiZleba saubari, aramed konstantine keisari saerTod aRar
iyo cocxali. igi 337 wels gardaicvala. monaTvliTac igi gar-
dacvalebamde mcire xniT adre moinaTla. wminda ninos cxovre-
bis amsaxveli teqstidan ki gveuwyeba, rom konstantine keisarTan
urTierToba moqcevis Semdegac sakmaod didxans grZeldeboda.
aqve gvinda SevniSnoT, rom teqstSi aRniSnuli weli, miuxe-
davad imisa, rom igi ar emTxveva arc keisris da arc bizan-
tiis moqcevis TariRs, mainc mniSvnelovani iyo Tavad keisrisa
da, saerTod, qristianobis istoriaSi. am periodidan SeiZleba
gavixsenoT zogierTi wminda istoriuli faqti, romlebmac,
marTlac, mniSvnelovani roli Seasrules qristianobis gavr-
celebis istoriaSi.
310-312 wlebSi konstantine keisari, marTlac, mniSvnelo-
van brZolebs awarmoebda sakuTari Zalauflebis ganmtkice-
bisaTvis. man 312 wlis oqtomberSi erT-erTi ZiriTadi mowi-
naaRmdege maqscensiusi daamarcxa da imperiis dasavleT nawil-
Si erTpirovnulad gabatonda.
- 186 -
qristianobis istoriisTvis mniSvnelovania imperiis aR-
mosavleT nawilSi momxdari kidev erTi movlenac. am nawilis
maSindelma ganmgebelma galeriusma gardacvalebamde mcire
xniT adre, 311 wlis 30 aprils nikomediaSi gamosca ediqti, rom-
lis ZaliTac Sewyvetil iqna qristianTa devna. amis Semdeg, 313
wels ZalaSi Sedis liciniusis ediqti, romliTac qristianoba
Tavisi uflebebiT gautolda sxva warmarTul religiebs.
aseve istoriul sinamdviles Seefereba konstantine keis-
ris mier brZolaSi qristes niSnis wamZRvareba, Tumca sxva is-
toriul wyaroebSi amis mizezad dasaxelebulia konstantine
keisris xilva da ara viRac efeseli kacis rCeva.
rogorc vxedavT, sazogadod `moqcevis~ avtori istoriul
movlenebs eyrdnoba, magram ar erideba statistikuri sizus-
tis darRvevas da TariRebs imgvarad aadgilebs, rom warmod-
genili ricxviTi simbolika alegoriuli saxiT gadmogvcemdes
momxdari movlenebis sulier mxares.
vfiqrobT, swored èfeseli kacis~ alegoria xsnis im
gaugebrobebs, romlebic faqtobrivi masalis ganxilvisas war-
moiSoba. am konteqstSi es alegoria mianiSnebs ricxv 310-is
sulieri Sinaarsis ioaneseul wakiTxvas.
ioane maxareblis gamocxadebaSi saubaria bolo Jamis Sesa-
xeb, anu dedamiwis arsebuli saxiT arsebobis dasasrulze da
gadasvlaze arsebobis axal formaSi. es axali forma moxse-
nebulia rogorc àxali ierusalimi~.
axla gavixsenoT, riT aris yvelaze cnobili konstantine
keisari. misi moRvaweobisas Sewyda qristianTa devna, bizantiis
imperiaSi moxda qristianobis saxelmwifoebrivad cnoba da kei-
sari Tavad moinaTla. amave dros, man aaSena didi qalaqi kon-
stantinopoli, romelic Semdeg qristianuli aRmsareblobis
erT-erT umTavres centrad iqca. konstantinopoli gaazrebu-
li iyo rogorc axali ierusalimi, rogorc ioaneseuli àxali
ierusalimis~ miwieri anarekli.
erT-erT aspeqtSi swored axali ierusalimis ideas unda
gulisxmobdes èfeseli kacis~ dakavSireba, erTi mxriv, kon-
stantine keisarTan da, meore mxriv, simbolur ricxvTan —
qristes amaRlebidan 310 welTan. Tu welTaRricxvas movaxdenT,
rogorc ufro logikuricaa, qristes Sobidan, maSin aRniSnuli
TariRi miiRebs ricxv 343-is mniSvnelobas (310+33). es ric-
xviTi gamosaxuleba ki Zalze mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs
qristianul simbolikaSi.
- 187 -
ioanes gamocxadebaSi mocemuli ricxviTi simboloebi 666
da 1000 Cawerilia ganzomilebis SvidobiT sistemaSi. sakmarisia
isini gadayvanil iqnan aTobiT sistemaSi, rom miviRebT 342-s da
343-s (342=6X72+6X71+6X70, xolo 343=1X73+0X72+0X71+0X70). ese igi,
SvidobiTi sistemis 666 igivea, rac aTobiTi sistemis 342, xolo
SvidobiTi sistemis 1000 igivea, rac aTobiTi sistemis 343.
`moqcevis~ TariRebSi mirian mefis gardacvalebis weli
342 swored am konteqstSi unda iqnas aRqmuli. ioanesTan 666
qristianTaTvis gansacdelis aRmniSvnelia. igi mxecis ricxvia.
`moqcevaSi~ es simbolo aseve gansacdels — mirian mefis gar-
dacvalebas mianiSnebs. 342 wlis (666-is) Semdeg qarTlSi qris-
tianuli wesiT pirvelad ikurTxeba mefe. iwyeba qristianTa
mefoba iseve, rogorc ioanes gamocxadebaSi adgili aqvs qris-
tianTa aTaswlovan mefobas.
`moqcevaSi~ mocemuli ricxvi 310 imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom
igi, TiTqosda, aTvlilia qristes amaRlebidan, sinamdvileSi
igive 343-ia qristes Sobidan da, amave dros, apokalifsuri
ricxvi 1000-ia. ase rom, ricxvi 343 qristianul simbolikaSi
aris àxali ierusalimis~ simbolo. igi mianiSnebs im periods,
rodesac aRsruldeba qristes samsjavro da dedamiwa Sewyvets
arsebuli saxiT arsebobas — iqneba àxali ca da axali qveyana”—
`zeciuri ierusalimi~.
istoriuli wyaroebiT konstantinopolis aSenebis wlad 330
weli iTvleba, magram, cxadia, jer erTi, qalaqi erT welSi ar
Sendeba da, meorec, es ricxvic garkveulad swored simboluri
mniSvnelobiTaa daniSnuli, ramdenadac igi Seesabameba ricxv 33-s.
amitomac ar aris gasakviri, rom swored am mniSvnelovan movle-
nebsa da simboloebze xdeba qarTlis moqcevis istoriis mibmac.
ramdenadac `qarTlis moqcevis~ centralur Temas warmoadgens
ara bizantiis, aramed qarTlis moqceva, gansaxilvel epizodSi
avtors Semoaqvs uaRresad mniSvnelovani motivi. igi bizantiis
moqcevas sulieri simbolikis eniT akavSirebs qarTlis moqcev-
asTan, xolo Semdeg mcxeTaSi mimdinare procesebs imgvarad war-
mogvidgens, rom sulieri TvalsazrisiT mcxeTac axal ierusa-
limad moiazreba. swored aq kidev erTxel vxvdebiT mariamsa da
marTasTan dakavSirebul alegorias, romlis mixedviTac qarTlSi
qristianobis Sinagani arsis damkvidreba wminda ninos meSveobiT
xdeba, xolo elene dedofali, umTavresad, qristianuli eklesiis
garegnul formas gansazRvravs. amave gagebiT, bizantia warmod-
genilia rogorc axali ierusalimis egzoteruli saxis ganmsaz-
- 188 -
Rvreli, xolo axali ierusalimis idumali saxe swored mcxeTaSia
moazrebuli. rogorc Cans, imdroindeli saqarTvelos sulier
wreebSi es motivi uaRresad Rrmad yofila gacnobierebuli, rad-
gan mcxeTis mTeli garemo swored ierusalimis mixedviT augiaT
da maT naazrevSi saqarTvelos sulieri misiac swored axali
ierusalimis apokalifsur xatTan mimarTebaSi ganixileba.
Tu teqstis wakiTxvas imave konteqstSi gavagrZelebT, da-
vinaxavT, rom `moqcevaSi~ warmodgenili sqema analogiursave
xasiaTSi grZeldeba.
aTvlis sawyisi momentidan, ese igi 310 wlidan 14 wlis Sem-
deg, 324 wels wminda nino Camodis qarTlSi, xolo kidev 14
wlis Semdeg, 338 wels igi miicvala. bolo 14 wliani monakve-
Ti or Svideulad iyofa. wminda ninos qarTlSi Camosvlidan 7
wlis Semdeg moxda mirian mefis moqceva (ese igi 331 wels).
rogorc vxedavT, sruliad aSkaraa movlenaTa Tanmimdev-
robis SvidobiTi ritmiT warmodgena, rac saerTod damaxasi-
aTebelia ara marto qristianuli, aramed TiTqmis yvela su-
lieri moZRvrebisTvis.
Tu dasaxelebul movlenebs sqematuri saxiT davalagebT,
miviRebT:
nax. 5
- 189 -
rogorc vxedavT, mTeli sqema xazgasmulad SvidobiT
sistemaSia warmodgenili. aq, cxadia, araviTar uxerxulobas ar
unda iwvevdes is garemoeba, rom ricxvebi garkveul fragmentSi
mefeTa rigs mianiSneben, xolo Semdeg — wlebs. am SemTxvevaSi
ricxvebs mxolod sulieri simbolikis mniSvneloba eniWebaT da
amgvari wakiTxva sruliad bunebrivi movlenaa yvela sulier
moZRvrebaSi.
rogorc irkveva, warmodgenili sqema bevr mniSvnelovan
ricxviT simbolos Seicavs, riTac pirdapir paralelebs gvTava-
zobs saxarebasTan. SeiZleba vaCvenoT zogierTi maTgani:
rogorc maTes saxareba iuwyeba, modgmaTa raodenoba
abraamidan iesomde 42-ia. ese igi, ricxvi 42, anu 6 Svideuli
gamosaxavs monakveTs abraamidan ieso qristemde. gansaxilveli
sqemidan irkveva, rom swored meore 42 erTeuliani monakveTia
moniSnuli qristedan wminda ninos micvalebamde.
nax. 6
bibliur sqemasTan myardeba ricxviTi simetria. Zveli da
axali aRTqmis epoqebi 42-42 erTeuliTaa moniSnuli.
mTlianad qarTlis pirveli mefidan qarTlis moqcevamde
moniSnulia 7 Svideuli, anu 7X7=49, rac aseve mniSvnelovani
ricxviTi simboloa. igi mianiSnebs ganviTarebis erTi ciklis
dasasruls, saidanac iwyeba Semdegi axali etapi. marTlac,
swored qarTlis moqcevidan mis istoriaSi axali etapi iwyeba,
rac Sinaarsobrivadac srul SesabamisobaSia moyvanil ricxviT
simbolikasTan.
- 190 -
saqarTvelos pirveli mefidan wminda ninos qarTlSi mos-
vlamde naCvenebia 6 Svideuli, anu 42 erTeuli, iseve, rogorc
abraamidan ieso qristemde.
amjerad gvinda SevexoT `moqcevaSi~ mocemul erT-erT

mniSvnelovan alegorias.
rogorc aRiniSna, teqstSi orjeraa dafiqsirebuli uSu-
alod efesodan mcxeTisken inspirirebuli sulieri nakadi:
pirvelad efeseli kacis, xolo meored efeseli qalis saxiT.
SevniSnoT, rom teqstSi orive alegoriis Semotanas erTi da
imave ambis uwyeba mosdevs. orive SemTxvevaSi moTxrobilia
konstantine keisrisa da, saerTod, bizantiis moqcevis Sesa-
xeb. orive SemTxvevaSi dafiqsirebulia am istoriuli movlenis
TariRebi da am TariRebze mibmulia danarCeni mniSvnelovani
istoriuli movlenebi.
SevadaroT es uwyebebi erTmaneTs:
I epizodi:
`da iyo dReTa kostantine mefisaTa, qristes aRmaRlebiT-
gan samas da meaTesa welsa . . . “ am wels efeseli kacis rCeviT
moeqca konstantine keisari, elene dedofali da samefo kari.
`miT JamiTgan meaTesa welsa warvida helene ierusalemd Ziebad
patiosnisa juarisa. da meaToTxmetesa welsa~ rifsimesTan er-
Tad wminda nino saberZneTis gavliT miemarTeba kavkasiisaken.
II epizodi:
efesel qalTan erTad wminda nino ierusalimidan modis.
isini xvdebian rifsimes da mis amalas da erTad imyofebian
ori wlis ganmavlobaSi. `maSin moxeda ufalman saberZneTsa da
hrwmena mefesa kostantines, da qriste aRiara man da dedaman
misman da yovelman palatman maTman dasabamiTganTa welTa xuT
aTas oTxas ormeocdaoTxsa, xolo qristes aRmaRlebiTgan samas
da aTerTmetsa. da waremarTa yoveli saberZneTi qristeanobasa.
meSvidesa welsa iyo wmida kreba nikeas, da mervesa welsa iyo
sivltolaY Cueni saberZneTiT.~17
rogorc vxedavT, saberZneTis moqcevis TariRad pirvel
epizodSi moxseniebulia qristes amaRlebidan 310 weli, xolo
meore SemTxvevaSi 311 weli. Tu am TariRebs istoriul planSi
SevxedavT, es uwyebani did gaugebrobebs ar unda iwvevdnen,
- 191 -
radgan sxvaoba sul erTi welia. istoriuli TvalsazrisiT,
ufro mniSvnelovani isaa, rom es TariRebi ubralod ar em-
Txvevian arc konstantines naTlisRebis TariRs da arc saber-
ZneTis moqcevisas. amave dros, rogorc vTqviT, am TariRebis
aTvla qristes amaRlebidan ubralod ver miiCneva istoriu-
lad, radgan am dros konstantine keisari cocxali aRar iyo.
mocemuli epizodebis Sedarebisas irkveva, rom arc wminda
ninosa da rifsimes saberZneTidan ltolvis TariRebi emTxveva
erTmaneTs. pirvel SemTxvevaSi viRebT 324 wels (310+14), xolo
meoreSi 319 wels (311+8).
erTi SexedviT, yvelaze did gaugebrobad SeiZleba CaiT-
valos meore epizodSi TariRis gansazRvra dasabamiTgan. aq
naTqvamia, rom qristes amaRlebiTgan 311 weli aris igive da-
sabamiTgan 5444 weli. pirdapiri gagebiT es ubralod SeuZle-
belia, radgan dasabamiTgan aTvlili es weli Cvens welTaR-
ricxavmde 56 welze modis. ese igi, gamodis, rom saberZneTi
qristes Sobamde 56 wliT adre gaqriatianebula.
welTaRricxvis berZnuli sistemiT qristesSoba dasaba-
miTgan 5500 wels iyo. `moqcevaSi~ rom swored es welTaRricxva
igulisxmeba, es sagangebod iqve mieniSneba. imave teqstis sxva
adgilas vkiTxulobT: `gardaxdes qristes moslvadmde welni
W˜f (5500).~18
ras unda niSnavdes amdeni gaugebroba erTi da imave isto-
riuli movlenis uwyebaSi?
cxadia, es `gaugebrobebi~ kvlav alegoriis enaze unda iq-
nas wakiTxuli.
rogorc vnaxeT, meore epizodSi naTqvamia, rom konstan-
tine keisari (da saberZneTic) moeqca `dasabamiTgan welTa xuT
aTas oTxas ormeocdaoTxsa, xolo qristes aRmaRlebiTgan samas
da aTerTmetsa.~ ese igi, keisris moqcevis weli 310, romelic
amave teqstSi manamdea dasaxelebuli, Seicvala 311-iT, xolo
dasabamiTgan welTaRricxva aSkarad raRac alegoriul for-
maSi iqna gamosaxuli.
davazustoT, ras niSnavs dasabamiTgan 5444 weli, rome-
lic imave amaRlebidan 311 welia. cxadia, amaRlebidan 311
weli igivea, rac qristesSobidan 344 weli (311+33=344), xolo
Tu am wels ganvsazRvravT dasabamidan, miviRebT 5844 wels
(5500+344=5844). ese igi, teqstSi 5844-is nacvlad weria 5444.
`moqcevis~ avtors aRniSnuli movlena xelovnurad ukan gada-
uwevia 400 wliT. es igivea, rom movlenaTa aTvlis wertili
- 192 -
Cveulebriv welTaRricxvaSi 400 wliani monakveTiT gadaad-
gilda. is, rac aiTvleba qristes Sobidan, am warmosaxviT
welTaRricxvaSi unda vigulisxmoT Cvens welTaRricxvamde
400 wliT moniSnuli wertilidan. radgan teqstSi 310 weli
aTvlilia amaRlebidan da, amave dros, aSkarad igulisxmeba
misi aTvla Sobidan, irkveva, rom am axal warmosaxviT siste-
maSi gvaqvs sami sakvanZo wertili: erTi, aTvlis sawyisi (Zv. w.
400 weli), meore, qristesSoba (anu gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT
amaRleba) da mesame, konstantines moqcevis weli (erT SemTx-
vevaSi 310, xolo meoreSi 311).
am ricxviT simbolikaSi gasarkvevad mcire xniT kvlav unda
daviviwyoT movlenaTa wminda istoriuli mxare. gavixsenoT,
rom amaRlebidan 310 weli aris igive, rac Sobidan 343 weli,
anu apokalifsur enaze SvidobiT sistemaSi Cawerili ricxvi
1000. am sistemaSi es ricxvi uSualod mosdevs ricxviT gamosax-
ulebas 666-s, rac aTobiT sistemaSi 342-ia. 343-iT, anu 1000-iT
mTavrdeba erTi sruli cikli kacobriobis istoriaSi da iwyeba
axali etapi — apokalifsur enaze àxali ierusalimi~. 343 war-
moadgens sakraluri ricxvis 7-is jerads — 343=7 X 7 X 7.
raRas warmoadgens ricxvi 311?
cxadia, amaRlebidan 311 weli aris igive Sobidan 344 weli,
anu Tu kvlav SvidobiT sistemaSi warmovsaxavT mas, miviRebT
1001-s. es aris pirveli weli aTaswlovani ciklis Semdeg. am
TvalsazrisiT, igi gamosaxavs axali epoqis dasawyiss. erTi era
damTavrda 1000-iT (10 X 10 X 10), anu 343-iT (7 X 7 X 7), xolo
axali era iwyeba 1001-iT, anu 344-iT.
kacobriobis istoriis erTi sruli ciklis warmodgena
SvidobiTi saxiT uZveles tradicias warmoadgens da sxvadasxva
saRvTismetyvelo sistemaSi erTgvarad urTierTgansxvavebuli
interpretaciebiT gvxvdeba. aq aucilebelia gavixsenoT zogi-
erTi maTgani:
wminda ioane damaskeli amgvarad ganmartavs:
ìTvlian Svid saukunes ama qveynisas, anu caTa da qveynis
Seqmnidan sayovelTao dasasrulamde da adamianTa mkvdreTiT
aRdgomamde . . . merve saukune ki momavali saukunea~.19
qveynierebis arsebobis 7 asakad dayofa miRebuli tradi-
ciaa rogorc aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis qristianobaSi,
aseve ebraul TalmudSi da mraval sxva religiur warmodgena-
Si. es periodi zogjer aRiniSneba rogorc `7 saukune~, zogjer
`7 aTasi weli~, anda bibliuri warmodgenebidan momdinare
- 193 -
rogorc `7 dRe~.20 am SemTxvevaSi `dRe~ igivea, rac `saukune~,
anda `weli aTasi~.
SeiZleba vaCvenoT, rom 7 safexuriT dasrulebuli ciklis
Semdeg axlis merveTi dawyebis miniSneba swored gansaxilvel
epizodSia mocemuli. `moqcevaSi~ naTqvamia, rom saberZneTi
moeqca `dasabamiTganTa welTa xuT aTas oTxas ormeocdaoT-
xsa, xolo qristes aRmaRlebiTgan samas da aTerTmetsa. da wa-
remarTa yoveli saberZneTi qristeanobasa. meSvidesa welsa iyo
wmidaY krebaY nikeas, da mervesa welsa iyo sivltolaY Cueni
saberZneTiT.~
rogorc vxedavT, `meSvidesa welsa~ nikeas kreba amTavrebs
istoriis garkveul etaps da amis Semdeg `mervesa welsa~ iwye-
ba raRac axali — `sivltolaY saberZneTiT~ — wminda nino mi-
emarTeba qarTlisaken.
axla am konteqstSi ganvixiloT welTaRricxvis is war-
mosaxviTi sqema, romelsac `moqcevis~ avtori GgvTavazobs:
sawyisi wertilis gadaadgileba 400 wliT gulisxmobs, rom
is, rasac viTvlidiT qristes Sobidan, amjerad unda aviTvaloT
Cvens welTaRricxvamde 400 wlidan. meti TvalsaCinoebisaTvis
kvlav sqematuri gamosaxulebiT visargebloT:
nax. 7
gansaxilveli drois monakveTi 7 saukunes moicavs. drois es
monakveTi iyofa or nawilad. sawyisi wertilidan (anu qristes
Sobis im warmosaxviTi wertilidan, romelic pirobiTad gadata-
nilia Cvens welTaRricxvamdel periodSi) axali welTaRricxvis
- 194 -
dasawyisamde (anu qristes Sobis realur dromde) moniSnulia
4 saukune. amis Semdeg saberZneTis moqcevamde kidev 3 saukune
aiTvleba. am Svid aseuls mosdevs erTi damatebiTi aTeuli. sami
saukune moicavs ara zustad 300 wels, aramed 310-s. ese igi,
damatebulia kidev erTi aTeuli, rac swored `merve saukunis~
dasawyiss afiqsirebs. 310 wels iwyeba axali era — kacobriobis
ganviTarebis axali cikli — `merve saukune~.
zemoT Cven vaCveneT, rom gansxvavebul konteqstSi, ker-
Zod apokalifsuri ricxviTi simbolikiT, aTobiTi sistemidan
SvidobiTze gadasvliT swored imave ideas afiqsirebda ara
310, aramed 311 weli. irkveva, rom sxvadasxva konteqstSi es
ori erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli ricxvi erTsa da imave ideas
gamosaxaven. `moqcevis~ teqstSi swored asedacaa mocemuli.
sxvadasxva adgilas saberZneTis moqcevis TariRad dasaxele-
bulia TiTqosda sxvadasxva TariRi 310 da 311, magram rogorc
irkveva, simboluri TvalsazrisiT aq araviTari gaugebroba ar
arsebobs. Sinaarsobrivi TvalsazrisiT (sxvadasxva konteqstSi)
maTi mniSvnelobebi erTmaneTs emTxveva.
ra Tqma unda, savaraudoa, rom mxolod erTi ideis gamosaxa-
tavad `moqcevis~ avtori amgvar rTul warmosaxviT sistemas ar
Seadgenda. amitomac saWiroa sxva mxrivac ganvixiloT moce-
muli simboloTmetyveleba.
yvela uZveles sasuliero warmodgenaSi da maT Soris io-
anes apokalifsSic kacobriobis warRvnis Semdgomi istoria
moazrebulia Svidi periodisgan Semdgari saxiT.
es Svideuli iwyeba atlantidis daRupviT, anu, bibliis
enaze, warRvniT.21 am periodis pirveli monakveTi dakavSirebu-
lia induri civilizaciis ayvavebis xanasTan. warRvnis Semdeg
swored indoeTis teritoriaze iqmneba maRalganviTarebuli
civilizacia, romelic im periodSi, faqtobrivad, kacobriobis
ganviTarebis mimarTulebas gansazRvravs. SemdgomSi civili-
zaciis centrma TandaTan gadainacvla daaxloebiT im teri-
toriebze, sadac dRes sparseTi mdebareobs. indoeli riSebis
kulturis sakacobrio lideris funqciebi TandaTan gafer-
mkrTalda da amjerad wina planze gamovida azrovnebis gan-
sxvavebuli forma, rac mogvianebiT zaratustras moZRvrebis
saxeliT gaxda cnobili. sparsuli kultura warRvnis Semdgom
meore kulturas warmoadgenda. Zv. w. IV-III aTaswleulebSi ukve
wina planze mesame kulturuli epoqis warmomadgeneli xalxebi
gamodian da civilizaciis centrebma kidev ufro dasavleTiT
- 195 -
gadainacvles. egviptur-Sumeruli civilizacia gvevlineba
rogorc warRvnis Semdgomi mesame kultura. kidev ufro mogvi-
anebiT, Zv. w. II aTaswleulis bolos da gansakuTrebiT I aTas-
wleulSi kacobriobis ganviTarebis procesSi lideris saxiT
ukve berZnul-romauli samyaro gvevlineba. berZnul-romauli
samyaro warmoadgens gansaxilveli Svideulis IV kulturul
epoqas. swored am epoqaSi moxda is grandiozuli movlena, rac
dakavSirebulia macxovris gankacebasTan. dReisaTvis Cven ukve
warRvnis Semdgom V kulturul epoqaSi vcxovrobT.
warmodgenili periodizacia ar aris axali da igi gvxvde-
ba rogorc uZveles indur religiur warmodgenebSi, aseve
ebraul da qristianul wyaroebSic (cxadia, gansxvavebuli
terminologiiTa da interpretaciiT).
cnobilia, rom ioane maxareblis apokalifsSi gamosaxule-
bis 666-is ukanaskneli cifri swored am kulturaTa periodiza-
cias gulisxmobs. xolo ufro konkretulad, am periodizacias
ioane maxarebeli exeba teqstis meore da mesame TavebSi, sadac
mocemulia mimarTva Svidi eklesiisadmi. marTalia, am epizod-
Si sruliad realur qristianul saZmoebs miemarTebaT, magram
alegoriis enaze aq saubaria swored warRvnis Semdgomi Svidi
kulturis Sesaxeb. TiToeuli saZmo simbolurad Seesabameba
calkeul kulturul periods.
amjerad Cven ar SevudgebiT am uaRresad rTul sakiTxze
dawvrilebiT saubars. mxolod oriode miniSnebiT mokled
SevexebiT meoTxe kulturul epoqas, romelic gansaxilvel
konteqstSi gamosaxulia rogorc Tiatiras eklesia. swored am
meoTxe kulturul epoqaSi moxda rogorc macxovris gankace-
ba, aseve qarTlis moqceva da am movlenasTan dakavSirebuli
teqstic (`moqcevaY qarTlisaY“) swored maSin Seiqmna.
Tiatiras eklesiisadmi mimarTvaSi eklesiebisadmi mim-
marTveli pirvelad moixsenieba rogorc `Ze RmerTisa~. `da an-
gelozsa Tiatirisa eklesiisasa miuwere, viTarmed: amas ityvis
Ze RmrTisaY . . . “.22 marTlac, swored IV epoqaSi Ze RmerTisa
kacobriobas moevlina Ze kacisas saxiT.
mimarTvaSi simbolur saxeebSia daxasiaTebuli aRniSnuli
epoqis ZiriTadi niSnebi da bolos mieTiTeba:
`da romelman sZlos da daimarxnes vidre aRsasruladmde
saqmeni Cemni, mivsce xelmwifeba warmarTTa zeda.
da hmwysides maT kuerTxiTa rkinisaiTa; viTarca me moviRe
mamisagan.
- 196 -
da mivsce mas varskulavi igi ganTiadisaY.
romelsa hqonan yurni, isminen, rasa etyvis suli ekle-
siaTa.~23
rogorc am mimarTvaSi vxedavT, qristes mcnebebis WeSmari-
ti damcveli miiRebs ganTiadis varskvlavs.
vfiqrobT, qristianuli moZRvrebis es urTulesi motivi
`moqcevis~ teqstSic naTladaa gadmocemuli:
TiTqosda moulodnelad, teqstis avtori mesamed imeorebs
manamde ukve orjer monaTxrobs konstantine keisris moqce-
visa da masTan dakavSirebuli ricxviTi simbolikis Sesaxeb, ma-
gram Tu davakvirdebiT, advilad SevamCnevT, rom amjerad wina
planze wamoweulia swored is momentebi, rac dakavSirebulia
meoTxe kulturul epoqaSi momxdar movlenasTan — macxovris
gankacebasTan, xolo Txrobis manera iTvaliswinebs swored im-
ave Temaze apokalifsSi gadmocemul sulier simbolikas:
`gardaxdes qristes moslvamde welni W˜f (5500), SobiTgan
qristesiT vidre juar-cumamde l˜g (33), da juar-cumiTgan
qristesiT vidre kostantine berZenTa mefisa monaTlvadmde
t˜ia (311); da aToTxmetisa wlisa Semdgomad moivlina queyanasa
Cuensa qadagi WeSmaritebisaY nino, dedofali Cueni, viTarca
bnelsa Sina mTiebi raY aRmohxdis da ciskari aRiRis, da misa
Semdgomad aRmovaln didi igi mflobeli dRisaY“.24
rogorc vxedavT, am epizodSi naTlad mieniSneba, rom axal
epoqaSi, ese igi simbolur enaze 311 wlidan 14 wlis Semdeg
qarTvel ers moemadla ganTiadis varskvlavi, rasac mosdevs
mzis amosvla. am SemTxvevaSi, cxadia, mzis simboloSi Tavad
qriste igulisxmeba.
vfiqrobT, am epizodSi mocemulia erTgvari gamoxmaureba
apokalifsSi dasmul sakiTxze IV kulturuli epoqis Tavisebu-
rebaTa Sesaxeb. `moqcevis~ avtori aRniSnavs, rom is ganTiadis
varskvlavi, romelsac Ze RmerTisa hpirdeboda meoTxe epoqis
xalxebs, anu Tiatiras eklesiis wevrT, qarTvel xalxs moev-
lina gamarjvebis niSnad. amgvar varskvlavad ki gadataniTi
mniSvnelobiT moixsenieba qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebeli — wminda
nino.
rogorc vxedavT, `moqcevis~ avtorma Cveulebrivi welTaR-
ricxva iseTi saxiT warmoadgina, rom erT SemTxvevaSi zustad
gamoxatavs faqtobriv mxares, xolo meoreSi, igi isea gada-
keTebuli, rom qristes Soba meoTxe saukuneSi aRmoCnda. xolo
- 197 -
radganac am simbolur saukuneebSi igulisxmeba ara konkre-
tuli droiTi saukuneebi, aramed calkeuli warRvnis Semdgomi
epoqebi, irkveva, rom am SemTxvevaSic igi zustad gamoxatavs
apokalifsiseul uwyebas macxovris gankacebaze IV kulturul
epoqaSi.
`moqcevis~ avtorma am oTxi saukunis Semdeg ZiriTadi
movlenebis ganviTarebamde moiniSna kidev sami saukune, ri-
Tac miRebul iqna dasrulebuli Svidperiodiani cikli. am-
gvari periodizacia ki uSualod apokalifsis komentarebidan
momdinareobs. ese igi, `moqcevaSi~ saxeze gvaqvs Cveulebrivi
welTaRricxvisagan gansxvavebuli sistema, romelic qristes
Sobamde damatebiT 4 saukunes iTvlis. simbolur enaze ki es
`4 saukune igivea, rac `4 dRe~, anda `4 aTasi weli~. yvela Sem-
TxvevaSi saubaria ara konkretul droze, aramed kacobriobis
istoriis periodebze.
analogiurive suraTi gvaqvs `qebaY“-s teqstSic, sadac
naTqvamia, rom qarTuli ena, anu rac igivea, qarTveli xalxi,
qarTveli eri, sxva erebisgan aRmatebiT (ùmetes~) 94 wels iT-
vlis qristes Sobidan `dResamomde~.
`da saswaulad ese aqus: oTxmeoc da aToTxmeti weli umetes
sxuaTa enaTa qristeYs mosvliTgan vidre dResamomde.~
Tu am uwyebas pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT gavigebT, cxadia,
absurdul azrTan gveqneba saqme. qristes mosvlidan nebismier
dRemde aTvlili dro, cxadia, yvela erisTvis erTi da igivea.
pirvel rigSi, gavarkvioT, Tu ras niSnavs sityva `dResa-
momde~. vfiqrobT, mcdari iqneba, Tuki am gamoTqmaSi, marTlac,
im konkretul dRes vigulisxmebT, ra dResac teqstis avtorma
es winadadeba dawera. sityva `dResamomde~ uTuod gagebul
unda iqnas swored im mniSvnelobiT, rogoradac igi manamde
gvxvdeba Tavad amave teqstSi: `weli aTasi, viTarca erTi dReY“.
ese igi, dRe SeiZleba gulisxmobdes aTaswleulsac, saukune-
sac, xolo yoveli maTgani garkveul periods erisa, Tu saer-
Tod kacobriobis istoriaSi. rodesac `qebaY“-s avtori am-
bobs `dResamomdeo~, gulisxmobs ara konkretulad am teqstis
daweris dRes, aramed garkveul kulturul epoqas. rogorc
`moqcevasTan~ dakavSirebiT iyo naCvenebi, am teqstis avtori
ganixilavs apokalifsidan momdinare periodizacias da axali
eris sakvanZo wertils gamosaxavs ricxviTi simboloTi 310. es
ricxvi ki, sulieri simbolikis TvalsazrisiT, igive 31-ia da
ukavSirdeba qarTuli asomTavruli anbanis aso-niSan `wil~-s.
- 198 -
`wil~-i swored anbanis 31-e adgilze dgas da iTvlis òTx
aTassa maragsa~. ese igi `qebaY~- Si dafiqsirebuli aso-niSani
Tavisi ricxviTi mniSvnelobiT zustad emTxveva `moqcevis~
umTavresi sakvanZo wertilis ricxviT simbolos da rogorc
vnaxeT, `moqcevaSic~ swored im mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba,
rogorc `qebaY“-Si (igulisxmeba misi, rogorc maTes saxarebis
TavSi mdgomi asoiTi gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba).
rogorc vxedavT, sityva `dResamomde~ `moqcevis~ mixedviT
mianiSnebs 310 wels. am ricxviT simbolos ki ormagi mniSvnelo-
ba gaaCnia: ramdenadac igi, rogorc aso `wil~-is gamomsaxveli
4000-s iTvlis, gulisxmobs im IV kulturul epoqas, romelSic
aResrula jer golgoTis misteria da Semdeg qarTlis moqce-
vac. amave dros, cxadia, teqstis avtoric am epoqaSi cxovrobs
da amdenad am epoqis poziciidan mimarTavs mkiTxvels. meore
mxriv, qristes amaRlebidan 310 weli igive qristes Sobidan
343 welicaa, rac, Tavis mxriv àxal ierusalims~ Seesabameba.
am gagebiT, simbolo 310 erTdroulad gulisxmobs rogorc mi-
wier ierusalims, aseve zeciurs da sulieri simbolikis enaze
orives ukavSirebs mcxeTis sulier garemos.
Tu `qebaY“-s teqsts ganvixilavT da sityva `dResamomdes~
moviazrebT rogorc termins, advilad SevamCnevT, rom es sit-
yva teqstis dasawyisSi swored meored mosvlis Jams mianiSnebs:
`damarxul ars enaY qarTuli dRemde meored mosvlisa mi-
sisa sawamebelad . . .
da ese enaY mZinare ars dResamomde . . . “
rogorc vxedavT, `qebaY“-c `dResamomdeSi~ meored mosvlas
gulisxmobs da `moqcevis~ mixedviT warmodgenil sqemaSic Sesa-
bamisi ricxvi 310 (anu igive 343) swored meSvide epoqis dasas-
ruls afiqsirebs.
axla isRa dagvrCenia, vaCvenoT, Seesabameba Tu ara erTma-
neTs `qebaY“-sa da `moqcevaSi~ mocemuli analogiuri uwyebani
imis Sesaxeb, rom qarTveli erisTvis ganxilulia sxva erebi-
sgan gansxvavebuli welTaRricxvis sistema. SevadaroT es ori
uwyeba:
`qebaY“:
òTxmeoc da aToTxmeti weli umeteYs sxvaTa enaTa qristeYs
mosvliTgan vidre dResamomde.~
`moqceva”:
droiTi ciklis sawyisad iTvleba xelovnurad 4 saukuniT
- 199 -
ukan gadaweuli qristesSobis momenti, xolo am ciklis bolod
— Cveni welTaRricxvis 310 weli.
nax. 8
ese igi, mTeli periodi moicavs 710 wels (400+310).
cxadia, `qebaY“-s da `moqcevis~ uwyebani identurni iqnebi-
an, Tuki maTSi mocemuli warmosaxviTi monakveTebis (ese igi,
qristes mosvliTgan vidre dResamomde) aRmniSvneli ricxvebi
— erT SemTxvevaSi 94, xolo meoreSi 710, kavSirSi aRmoCndebian
erTmaneTTan.
rogorc irkveva, am problemisaTvis erTi da igive `gasaRe-
bia~ mocemuli rogorc `qebaY“-Si, aseve `moqcevaSi~. esaa aso-
niSani `wil~-i.
rogorc ukve bevrjer aRiniSna, aso `wil~-is ricxviTi
gamosaxuleba aris, erTi mxriv, 31, xolo meore mxriv — 4000,
anu 4. ese igi `wil~-i iZleva ricxv 4-is wilobriv danawevrebas
3 da 1 erTeulebad. `qebaY“-s mixedviT, igulisxmeba im `wil~-is
mniSvneloba, romelic maTes saxarebis dasawyisSi zis da iwyebs
genealogiuri xazis CamoTvlas. rogorc vnaxeT, `moqcevis~ da-
sawyissac zustad igive saxe aqvs da qarTlis mefeTa siis saxiT
aqac genealogiuri suraTia mocemuli. irkveva, rom rogorc
maTes saxarebis siis, aseve `moqcevis~ mefeTa siis dasawyisSi
arsebul `wil~-s erTi da igive mniSvneloba aqvs. `moqceva~ amg-
varad iwyeba:
zeda mtkuarsa mixueviT, oTx qalaqad, da dabnebi maTi: sarkine-
qalaqi, kaspi, urbnisi da oZraxe, da cixeni maTni: cixe didi sar-
kinisaY, ufliscixe kaspisa, urbnisisa da oZraxisaY.“
rogorc vxedavT, am epizodSi dafiqsirebulia oTxi qalaqi
- 200 -
oTxi cixiT. am simbolikaSi igulisxmeba swored is oTxi epoqa,
romelic win uZRoda kacobriobis istoriis umTavres movlenas
— macxovris gankacebas. es movlena ki swored meoTxe epoqaSi
ganxorcielda. aqve gvinda davazustoT, rom am SemTxvevaSi igu-
lisxmeba am epoqebis imgvari interpretacia, romelic miRebu-
lia mraval uZveles religiur warmodgenaSi. am periodizaciis
mixedviT, kacobrioba odesRac cxovrobda oqros xanaSi. es iyo
periodi, roca adamians uSualo mimarTeba gaaCnda sulier sam-
yarosTan. bibliuri eniT rom vTqvaT, igi cxovrobda samoT-
xeSi. samoTxidan gamoZevebis Semdeg adamiani TandaTan Sordeba
sulier samyaros da ufro metad ikveTeba misi individuali-
zaciis procesi. am epoqas vercxlis epoqa ewodeba.
SemdegSi sulieri samyarodan daSorebis da, Sesabamisad,
adamianuri azrovnebis ganviTarebis procesi kvlav grZeldeba
da kacobrioba brinjaos epoqas gaivlis.
kacobrioba sulieri dacemis uaRresad dabal safexurs aR-
wevs meoTxe anu rkinis epoqaSi da umTavresi movlenebic swored
am epoqaSi TamaSdeba. kacobriobis gadasarCenad RmerTi adami-
anis saxiT evlineba qveynierebas. rogorc vxedavT, am SemTxveva-
Sic golgoTis movlena kvlav meoTxe epoqaSi aRiniSna.
`moqcevis~ avtori uaRresad zustad mianiSnebs, rom war-
modgenili oTxi epoqidan meoTxes gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba
eniWeba. rogorc gveuwyeba, `da Semdgomad raodenisame Jamisa
movida aleqsandre, mefe yovlisa queyanisaY, da dalewna samni
ese qalaqni da cixeni, da honTa dasca maxvili.
xolo sarkinesa qalaqsa ebrZola aTerTmet TTue . . . “
ese igi, warmodgenili oTxi qalaqidan calkea gamoyofili
sami, xolo ZiriTadi movlenebi swored meoTxe qalaqTan mim-
dinareobs. sqematurad kvlav saxeze gvaqvs 4-is daSla `wil~-
isTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSniT (3+1). oTxi qalaqis wilobrivi
gancalkeveba xdeba aso `wil~-iT. cota qvemoT mefeTa siis
CamoTvlisas es ricxviTi simbolika kidev ufro aSkaradaa
gacxadebuli, ramdenadac mefeTa siis CamoTvlas uSualod
mosdevs ricxviTi simbolo 310, rac igive 31-ia.
rogorc vTqviT, meoTxe epoqa, romelic calkea gamoyofi-
li, aris rkinis epoqa. `moqcevaSic~ garkveviT mieniSneba, rom
meoTxe qalaqi, sadac TerTmet Tves gagrZelda brZola, aris
sarkine.
ras SeiZleba mianiSnebdes is uwyeba, rom am meoTxe qalaqSi
brZola grZeldeboda 11 Tves?
- 201 -
ra Tqma unda, am azris pirdapiri, statistikuri saxiT
gageba arafriT ar iqneba swori. teqstSi, sadac gacilebiT
ufro mniSvnelovani movlenebis daTariRebisas zogjer aTeu-
li wlebiT da zogjer saukuneebiTac ki xdeba maTi gadaadg-
ileba, cxadia, umniSvnelo istoriuli ambis gadmocemisas
iseTi sizuste ar iqneboda daculi, rom avtorma 11 Tve erT
wlamdec ki ar daamrgvala. vfiqrobT, am simbolos SemotanaSi
Zalze mniSvnelovani miniSnebaa mocemuli. kerZod, mieniSneba,
rom is oTxi epoqa, romlebic win uswrebs golgoTis movle-
nebs, am SemTxvevaSi unda ganxilul iqnas rogorc cal-calke
dasrulebuli ciklebi, magram maTi danawevreba unda moxdes
TormetobiTi sistemiT. radgan teqstSi mocemuli ricxviTi
simbolo 11 gamosaxavs TveTa ricxvs, cxadia, rom es Tveebi
wlis Semadgeneli nawilia da weli ki, rogorc erTi dasrule-
buli cikli, moicavs 12 Tves. sazogadod, kacobriobis isto-
riis raime dasrulebuli ciklis gamosaxva erTi wliT moce-
muli simboloTi sruliad miRebuli xatia uZveles religiur
warmodgenebSi.
sakmarisia qalaqTa da cixeTa simbolur ricxviT gamosa-
xulebaSi (3+1), anu 31, ukanaskneli meoTxe erTeulis nacv-
lad CavweroT misi Sesabamisi ricxviTi simbolo 11, rom kvlav
CvenTvis nacnob ricxvs 311-s miviRebT. ricxvi 310 gardaisaxa
311-ad. swored asecaa mocemuli `moqcevaSi.~ erTi da igive mov-
lena jer dasaxelebulia 310 wlisTvis, xolo Semdeg 311 weli
moixsenieba. am ori ricxviTi simbolos sxva TvalsazrisiT mo-
cemul simbolur igiveobriobaze zemoT ukve iyo saubari.
rogorc irkveva, swored `moqcevis~ dasawyisSi mocemuli
es simbolika warmoadgens `gasaRebs~ zemoT dasmuli sakiTxis
gasarkvevad: ratomaa, rom `moqcevaSic~ da `qebaY“-Sic qar-
Tveli eris istoriis Txrobisas Semotanilia welTaRricxvis
gansxvavebuli pirobiTi formebi, sadac damatebiT 4 sauku-
ne aiTvleba ùmeteYs sxuaTa enaTa~. rogorc vTqviT, `qebaY“
qristes mosvlidan `vidre dResamomde~ iTvlis simbolur 94
wels, xolo `qarTlis moqveva“ imave periods, aseve simbolu-
rad, gamosaxavs ricxviT 710.
SeiZleba vaCvenoT, rom orive es ricxvi sulieri Tvalsaz-
risiT Sesabamis konteqstebSi erTi da igivea.
visargebloT `moqcevis~ dasawyisSi mocemuli `gasaRebiT~
da ricxvi 710 ganvixiloT rogorc TormetobiT sistemaSi Cawe-
rili. maSin, cxadia, igi daiSleba or nawilad: bolo aTeuli
- 202 -
warmodgeba rogorc erTeulTa Tanrigis maCvenebeli, xolo
cifri 7 gviCvenebs TormetobiT Tanrigs:
7 10
Ļ Ļ
12 1
ese igi, Tu am ricxvs TormetobiTi sistemidan gadaviyvanT

aTobiT sistemaSi, gamova, rom es ricxvi unda Sedgebodes 7
Tormeteulisa da 10 erTeulisagan, anu maTi jamisagan. ele-
mentaruli gaangariSebiT viRebT, rom es aris swored aTobiT
sistemaSi Cawerili 94.
7X12+10X1=84+10=94
swored es unda iyos is 94 weli, romelic qarTvel ers

`saswaulad ese aqus . . . umeteYs sxuaTa enaTa qristeYs mosv-
liTgan vidre dResamomde.~
rogorc vxedavT, `moqcevac~ da `qebaY“-c sakmaod rTulad
daSifrul ricxviT simbolikas Seicaven, romliTac gamosaxu-
lia kacobriobis gza im droiT monakveTSi, romelic warRvniT
iwyeba da Svidi kulturuli periodis Semdeg amave rangis
cvlilebebiT aRiniSneba. orive SemTxvevaSi aseve sakmaod rTu-
li simboluri suraT-xatebiT saubaria qarTveli eris misiaze
am zogadsakacobrio mdinarebaSi.
imis garda, rom xelovnurad Semotanili oTxi saukunis
meSveobiT agebul iqna aRniSnuli periodizaciis gamomsaxveli
sqema, am oTxsaukunovan gadanacvlebas, warmosaxviTis garda,
sruliad realuri mniSvnelobac aqvs. amasTan dakavSirebiT
SeiZleba gavixsenoT wina TavebSi aRniSnuli istoriuli faqte-
bi.
mas Semdeg, rac uZvelesma kolxurma kulturam saWiro
dromde Semoinaxa kacobriobis Zvirfasi saganZuri, anu winare
epoqaSi mopovebuli misteriuli sibrZne, man oqros sawmisis
saxiT gadasca igi momaval, anu berZnul kulturas, TviTon
ki Rrma Zilis mdgomareobaSi gadavida. swored am periodidan
iwyeba axali berZnul-romauli kulturis aRmavlobac. xaris
epoqa cxvris epoqiT icvleba.
Tu am movlenas istoriul planSi warmovidgenT, davina-
xavT, rom qarTuli kultura swored oTxi saukuniT adre
- 203 -
aRasrulebs aRniSnul sulier aqts. kolxeTis daaxloebiT 7-8
saukunovani zeobis Semdeg, Zv. w. XII saukuneSi berZnuli samya-
ro eziareba winare kulturuli epoqidan kolxeTSi gadanaxul
sulier sibrZnes. argonavtebs oqros sawmisi miaqvT kolxeTi-
dan. istoriul planSi ki am axal kulturasTan dakavSirebuli
epoqa astronomiulad oTxi saukunis mogvianebiT, VIII sauku-
nidan aRiniSneba. Zv. w. 747 wels mze xaris zodiaqodan verZis
zodiaqoSi gadadis (`dRe pirveli~).
saqarTvelos sulieri istoria SemdgomSic imave kanonzo-
mierebiT viTardeba. argonavtikis Semdeg, daaxloebiT Zv. w.
IV saukuneSi (qristemde 4 saukuniT adre) qarTuli kultura
intensiurad iwyebs gaRviZebis process da TandaTan erTveba
sakacobrio istoriis mdinarebaSi.
kidev erTi 7-8 saukunovani ciklis Semdeg — axali welT-
aRricxvis IV saukuneSi saqarTveloSi aRiniSneba grandiozuli
sulieri procesebi. faqtobrivad, am dros qarTuli kultu-
ra amTavrebs CasunTqvis process da Zalze intensiurad mi-
iswrafvis Tavisi axali misiis aRsrulebisaken. zemoT Cven am
sakiTxs SedarebiT vrclad SevexeT, roca naCvenebi iyo, Tu
ra roli Seasrula XI-XII saukunis saqarTvelom axali epoqis
momzadebaSi. am epoqis dawyebas ki aRniSnuli movlenebi kvlav
daaxloebiT 4 saukuniT uswrebda. berZnul-romauli kulturis
Tanamedrove kulturiT Secvla astronomiulad XV saukuneSi
aRiniSna. 1413 wels mze verZis zodiaqodan Tevzebis zodiaqoSi
gadavida. rogorc aRvniSneT, es sakacobrio cvlileba sulier
wyaroebSi iwodeba terminiT — `meore dRe~.
`moqcevisa~ da `qebaY“-s Seqmnis periodSi es `meore dRe~
momavalSi gaTvaliwinebul movlenas warmoadgenda, rom aRa-
raferi vTqvaT `mesame dReze~, romelic araTu im periodSi,
dResac ki uaRresad Soreul momavalSi igulveba. miuxedavad
amisa, swored es `mesame dRe~ warmoadgens sakacobrio istori-
is im umniSvnelovanes etaps, romliskenac gansakuTrebuladaa
mipyrobili saqarTvelos uZveles moZRvarTa sulieri mzera.
`mesame dRe~ sruliad gansakuTrebuli movlenaa rogorc
kacobriobis, aseve saqarTvelos sulier istoriaSic. marTa-
lia, am sakiTxs qvemoT SedarebiT farTod SevexebiT, magram
gansaxilvel masalasTan dakavSirebiT aqac SeiZleba moviniS-
noT zogierTi aspeqti.
`mesame dRe~, anu Tanamedrove kulturuli epoqis Secvla
Semdgomi VI kulturiT, umTavresad imiTaa niSandoblivi, rom
- 204 -
im Soreul momavalSi gaTvaliswinebulia RvTaebrivi marad-
qaluri sawyisis da, aqedan momdinare, RvTismSoblis impul-
sis mniSvnelovani gamovlineba. mas Semdeg, rac Tanamedrove
V epoqaSi kacobrioba qristologiasTan dakavSirebul sulier
problemebs aiTvisebs, VI epoqa gamokveTilad RvTaebis marad-
qaluri sawyisis aqtivobiT aRiniSneba.
Tu istoriuli procesi marTlzomierad ganviTardeba,
am axali, VI kulturuli epoqis mosamzadebeli periodis cen-
traluri amocanebis gadawyvetaSi qarTul kulturas mniS-
vnelovani rolis Sesruleba mouwevs. am momavali misiis Ca-
nasaxi advilad SeiniSneba Tundac Tanamedrove qarTul kul-
turaSi arsebul sulieri cxovrebis formaSi, sadac sruli-
ad cxadlivad igrZnoba im sulieri muxtis feTqva, romelic
RvTismSoblis gansakuTrebul kultTanaa dakavSirebuli.
Tu istoria imave kanonzomierebiT ganviTardeba, qarTuli
kultura Tavis grandiozul misias epoqalur cvlilebamde
kvlavac ramdenime (daaxlobiT 4) saukuniT adre Seasrulebs.
astronomiulad es cvlileba moxdeba maSin, roca mze Tevzebis
zodiaqodan merwyulis zodiaqoSi gadainacvlebs. swored am
periods ewodeba `mesame dRe~.
am grandiozuli movlenis Sesaxeb cxadlivi miniSneba mo-
cemulia ioanes saxarebaSi, sadac naTqvamia, rom swored mesame
dRes aRiniSna kanas qorwili, sadac RvTismSobeli iyo miwveu-
li. amave qorwilSi macxovris miwvevis Sesaxeb mxolod am faq-
tis aRniSvnis Semdeg gveuwyeba.
`da mesamesa dResa qorwili iyo kanas galileaYsasa, da mun
iyo deda iesuYsi.
mihxades iesus da mowafeTa misTa qorwilsa mas~ (ioane, 2,
1-2).
rogorc cnobilia, swored es SemTxvevaa erTaderTi, sa-
dac macxovris saswaulSi RvTismSobeli monawileobs. SeiZleba
ufro metic iTqvas — kanas saswauli RvTismSoblis iniciati-
viT aResruleba.
am saswaulsac ufro vrclad qvemoT SevexebiT, amjerad ki
mxolod SevniSnavT, rom aRniSnul epizodSi swored is saRvTis-
metyvelo saidumlo mieniSneba, rom `mesame dRes~ qristesTan
erTad uaRresad mniSvnelovani iqneba kacobriobis swori mi-
marTeba RvTismSobelTan.
amave dros, ramdenadac saqarTvelo ioane-lazares msgav-
sad RvTismSoblis Svilobilia, anu, sxvanairad rom vTqvaT,
- 205 -
ramdenadac saqarTvelo RvTismSoblis wilxvedri mxarea,
`mesame dRes~ sruliad gansakuTrebulad gamoixateba saqar-
Tvelos sulieri misia.
ramdenadac zemoT moyvanil msjelobaSi mxolod wminda ni-

nos cxovrebis Satberdul-WeliSur versias veyrdnobiT, bune-
brivia, daisvas kiTxva: Tu moyvanili msjeloba marTebulia,
maS riTi aixsneba, rom wminda ninos cxovrebis amsaxvel sxva
versiebSi dafiqsirebuli TariRebi gansxvavdebian Satberdul-
WeliSuri versiis TariRebisagan? iTvaliswineben, Tu ara maTi
avtorebi aRniSnul koncefcias?
Cven vfiqrobT, rom danarCeni avtorebi araTu iTvalis-
wineben am koncefcias, aramed swored am koncefciiT aixsneba
yvela is sxvaoba, rac arsebobs maT dasaxelebul TariRebsa da
Satberdul-WeliSuri versiis ricxviT simbolikas Soris.
zemoT ukve iyo saubari imis Sesaxeb, rom `moqcevaSi~
dasaxelebuli TariRebi da sxvadasxva ricxvebi ar gamosaxa-
ven ìstoriul statistikas~. isini, marTalia, Seesabamebian
realur istoriasac, magram TavianT ricxviT gamosaxulebebSi
imgvarad arian SerCeulni, rom erTmaneTTan mimarTebaSi qmnian
sruliad gansazRvrul sistemas, romelic, Tavis mxriv, sim-
bolikis enaze wakiTxvas eqvemdebareba da garkveuli sulieri
koncefciis ganmacxadebelia.
`moqcevis~ garda moipoveba kidev sami versia, romlebic,
faqtobrivad, `moqcevis~ teqsts eyrdnoba. isini Tav-Tavise-
burad gadmogvcemen imave epoqalur movlenebs. am versiebis
zedapiruli gadaTvalierebiTac ki TvalSi sacemia is faqti,
rom, miuxedavad imisa, rom isinic imave istorias imeoreben
da, sruliad cxadia, rom `moqcevis~ teqstsac icnoben, maT-
Si dasaxelebuli TariRebi mkveTrad gansxvavdeba `moqcevaSi~
dasaxelebuli TariRebisgan.
rogorc irkveva, es sxvaobebi mxolod moCvenebiTia, rad-
gan isini mxolod garegnul mxares exebian, sulieri Tvalsaz-
risiT, maTi monacemebi arafriT ar ewinaaRmdegebian `moqcevis~
monacemebs da, ufro metic, yvela is sxvaoba, rac am versiebSi
arsebobs, swored imiT aixsneba, rom maTi avtorebi cdiloben
maqsimalurad SeinarCunon `moqcevis~ ricxviTi simbolikis su-
lieri Sinaarsi.
- 206 -
Semdegi versia, romelic droSi mosdevs Satberdul wminda
ninos cxovrebas, aris leonti mrovelis `moqceva mirian mefisa
da mis Tana yovlisa qarTlisa wmindisa da netarisa dedisa
Cuenisa nino mociqulisa mier~ (XI saukune).
rogorc naCvenebi iyo, `qarTlis moqceva“ istoriuli Si-
naarsis qronikas ar warmoadgens. misi Tanamedrove gagebiT
saistorio (statistikur) Txzulebad gageba mxolod dabneu-
lobaa. `moqceva~ sasuliero-istoriuli Janris teqstia da
misi gageba mxolod sulieri simbolikis enazea SesaZlebeli.
teqstSi sruliad dasrulebuli saxis sulieri koncefciaa mo-
cemuli da ar unda iyos swori mecnierebaSi arsebuli varaudi,
rom avtorma manamde arsebuli ufro vrceli versia Seamok-
la.25
isic sruliad cxadia, rom teqstSi mocemuli koncefcia
qarTlis gaqristianebis periodSi samonastro sferoSia Se-
qmnili, xolo IX_X saukuneebamde Tu ramdenjer moxda misi
redaqtireba, amaze dRes raimes dabejiTebiT mtkiceba Znelia.
`moqcevaSi~ gadmocemulma istoriam yvelaze ufro mniS-
vnelovani cvlileba XI saukuneSi ganicada. `moqcevaSi~ moce-
muli Tematika leonti mrovelma gadaamuSava da mniSvnelovani
cvlilebebi Seitana. es ukve aRar iyo teqstis redaqtireba.
leonti mrovelma sxva, axali koncefciac Seqmna da igi `moqce-
vas~ daumata.
`moqcevis~ istoriis amgvar gadakeTebas Tavidanve hyavda
momxreebic da mowinaaRmdegeebic. magaliTad, XII saukunis kidev
erT versiaSi, romlis avtoric arsen beria, aSkara protesti
igrZnoba leonti mrovelis axali koncefciis mimarT. arseni
qarTveli eris warmomavlobis sakiTxSic da mefeTa istoria-
Sic kvlav `moqcevis~ cnobebis aRdgenas cdilobs.
rogorc Cans, am koncefciaTa WidilSi mainc leonti mrove-
lis versiam gaimarjva. am teqstis aRiareba sruliad konkre-
tuli istoriuli garemoebebiT iyo ganpirobebuli.
daaxloebiT XII saukuneSive moxda saistorio xasiaTis kre-
bulis Sedgena, romelic `qarTlis cxovrebis~ saxeliTaa cno-
bili. masSi Tavmoyrilia sxvadasxva periodSi dawerili Txzu-
lebebi, romlebic saqarTvelos istorias exebian. `qarTlis
cxovrebaSi~ swored leonti mrovelis versia iqna Setanili.
miuxedavad imisa, rom leonti mrovelis kocefciis mimarT
protesti Semdeg saukuneebSic igrZnoba, igi, praqtikulad, XIX
saukunemde ucvleli saxiT Sedioda `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~.
- 207 -
ZiriTadi Tema, rasac leonti mrovelis teqstSi qarTvel
moazrovneTa protests iwvevda, iyo mkveTrad gamokveTili
armenofiluri pozicia, romelic teqstSi uSualod leonti
mrovelis mier iyo Setanili.
miuxedavad sruliad aSkarad xelovnurad Setanili ar-
menofiluri motivebisa, saukuneTa manZilze mainc ar momxdara
misi Secvla. vaxtang VI-is karze swavlulTa komisiam specialu-
ri ganxilvis Semdeg mrovelis teqsti ucvlelad datova. Sem-
degSi vaxuSti bagrationmac ucvleli datova mrovelis kon-
cefcia.
mxolod XIX saukuneSi Seecada Teimuraz batoniSvili mas-
Si cvlilebebis Setanas. Teimurazis mier Catarebuli samuSao
ufro metad erovnuli Tavmoyvareobis grZnobidan momdinare-
obda da naklebad efuZneboda mecnieruli kvlevis Sedegebs.
amitomac mis mier Setanil cvlilebebs mxolod meqanikuri xa-
siaTi hqonda.
mroveliseuli koncefciisadmi radikalurad uaryofiTi
damokidebuleba mecnieruli TvalsazrisiT pirvelad ivane
javaxiSvilTan gvxvdeba. misi ganaCeni Zalze mkacri da konkre-
tuli iyo — leonti mrovelis Txzuleba WeSmarit istoriul
wyaroebs ar efuZneba da qarTveli eris istoriisTvis TiTqmis
sruliad gamousadegaria.26
mTeli XX saukunis manZilze uamravi urTierTsapirispiro
mosazreba gamoiTqva igive Temaze. leonti mrovelis koncef-
cias arc momxreebi dahklebia da arc mowinaaRmdegeebi.
sruliad bunebrivad ibadeba kiTxva: mainc ra aris iseTi
leonti mrovelis koncefciaSi, ramac amdeni winaaRmdegoba
gamoiwvia qarTvel moazrovneTa Soris, anda ra aris masSi ise-
Ti Rirebuli, rom, amdeni protestis miuxedavad, mTeli aTas-
wleulis manZilze ver Seelivnen saqarTveloSi?
vfiqrobT, am kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema SeuZlebelia im
konkretuli istoriuli garemos gauTvaliswineblad, romel-
Sic leonti mrovelis koncefcia Seiqmna.
XI saukunis pirveli naxevari saqarTvelos istoriaSi erT-
erTi yvelaze mSfoTvare periodi iyo. saukunis dasawyisSive
taxtze asuli bagrat mesame energiulad ibrZvis saqarTvelos
gaerTianebisa da kavkasiaSi misi poziciebis gaZlierebisTvis.
bagrat mesamem jer kaxeT-hereTi SemoierTa, Semdeg ki ganjis
saamiroc Tavis gavlenis qveS moaqcia da xarki daakisra. Crdi-
lo kavkasiis eqspediciac warmatebiT damTavrda. saqarTvelos
- 208 -
politikuri gavlena kavkasiis gadaRmac gavrcelda.
kavkasiis politikuri lideris poziciis SenarCuneba
saqarTvelos uaRresad mZime brZolebSi uwevda. saqarTvelos
sxvadasxva kuTxeSi jer kidev ar iyo Camoyalibebuli erTiani
saxelmwifoebrivi cnobiereba. samTavroebsa da saerisTaoebs
erTTavad calke gandgomisken eWiraT Tvali.
gareSe mteric Zlieri hyavda saqarTvelos. am periodSi
bizantiis imperia Zalze agresiul politikas atarebda mis mi-
marT.
bagrat III-is gardacvalebis Semdeg taxtze asul axalgaz-
rda mefes giorgi I-s mZime brZolebis gadatana mouxda basili
keisarTan. bizantielTa Semosevas seriozuli winaaRmdegoba
Sexvda giorgi I-is mxridan. sabolood tao da basiani bizantiis
gavlenis qveS moeqca, mesxeTis nawili ki giorgim SeinarCuna.
ufliswuli bagratic mZevlad waiyvanes bizantiaSi.
giorgis moulodneli gardacvalebis Semdeg taxtze kvlav
mcirewlovani mefe (cxra wlis bagrat IV) aRmoCnda. misi me-
fobis dasawyisSive tao da klarjeTi ganudga saqarTvelos.
maT zurgsukan bizantia idga. marTalia, qarTvel sasuliero
moRvaweTa ZalisxmeviT saqarTvelos es nawilebi SenarCunebul
iqna, magram es erToba Zalze arasaimedo iyo.
saqarTvelos samefo taxtzec gaCndnen axali pretenden-
tebi. giorgi I-s kidev erTi Svili, demetre hyavda osTa mefis
asul aldesagan. demetre dedasTan erTad afxazeTSi anakofi-
is cixe-qalaqs flobda. demetrem bizantiis jarebi Semoiyvana
afxazeTSi da, faqtobrivad, es mxare saqarTvelos Camoscil-
da.
saqarTvelos seriozuli problemebi hqonda aRmosavleTi-
danac. aqedan ganjis amira aviwroebda. am periodSi kaxeTic
gandgomili iyo. TbilisSi amira jafari ijda. yvelafer amas
kidev erTi ubedurebac daerTo — mefes kldekaris erisTavmac
uRalata.
liparit baRvaSma bizantiaSi gaqceuli demetre moiwvia.
demetre bizantiis jariT moadga saqarTvelos. mas kaxelebmac
dauWires mxari. bagrat IV-s mZime brZolebiT mouxda taxtis
SenarCuneba.
miuxedavad amgvari rTuli problemebisa, kavkasiaSi
saqarTvelo mainc inarCunebda politikuri lideris pozicias.
1045 wels saqarTvelos samefo taxtis Zalaufleba somxeTzec
gavrcelda. am wels bizantiis imperatorma konstantine IX
- 209 -
monomaxosma somxeTis mefe gagik II daatyveva. bagrat IV dedis
mxridan somex mefeTa STamomavali iyo. somxeTis didebulebma
bagrat IV somxeTis mefed miiwvies — somxeTis dedaqalaq anisSi
qarTuli jari Cadga.
garkveuli droiT bagratma afxazeTzec gaavrcela Zalau-
fleba da Tbilisic SemoierTa.
samwuxarod, qveyanaSi politikuri mdgomareoba TiTqmis
yovel wels icvleboda.
rogorc Cans, qarTveli mefeebi did mniSvnelobas ani-
Webdnen kavkasiis yvela xalxTan urTierTobis Camoyalibebis
sakiTxs. roca giorgi I-s colad hyavda somexTa mefis asu-
li mariami, man, faqtobrivad, meore colad osTa mefis asu-
li alde moiyvana. SemdegSic bagrat IV-m berZeni dedoflis
adreul asakSi gardacvalebis Semdeg aseve osTa mefis asuli
borena SeirTo colad.
amgvar winaaRmdegobriv garemoSi xdeba leonti mrovelis
koncefciis Camoyalibeba. misi koncefciis safuZveli im peri-
odSi arsebul politikur mdgomareobaSi unda veZeboT.
SeiZleba warmovidginoT, ra amocanebi dgas leonti mrove-
lis winaSe, roca is manamde arsebuli `moqcevis~ teqstis axali
variantis Seqmnas iwyebs. ra ar akmayofilebs mis moTxovnile-
bebs `moqcevis~ teqstSi.
`qarTlis moqcevaSi~ Zalze mokled da lakoniurad
moTxrobilia aleqsandre makedonelis did damsaxurebaze,
roca man qarTlis teritoria viRac bun-TurqTa da honTa-
gan gaanTavisufla da aq arian-qarTlis mefis Ze azo gaamefa.
azos Tavisi naTesavebic mcxeTaSi gadmouyvania da qarTlis
gamgeblobas Sesdgomia. arian-qarTlis mefis Ze azo mcxeTaSi
pirveli mefe yofila da roca gardacvlila, mis Semdeg far-
navazi gamefebula. farnavazis damsaxureba sul oriode si-
tyviT mieniSneba. mas armazis kerpi aRumarTavs da misi garemo
SemouzRudavs.
leonti mroveli Tavis `mefeTa cxovrebaSi~, analogi-
uri istoriuli movlenis gadmocemisas, am epizods mkveTrad
afarToebs. igi aRniSnul epizodSi aSkarad cvlis aqcentebs.
mis monaTxrobSi arsad Canan bun-Turqebi da honebi. leonti
mrovelis uwyebiT, makedonelis qarTlSi mosvlisas farnavazis
mamis Zma samari mcxeTis mamasaxlisia. samaric da misi Zma, anu
farnavazis mama aleqsandre makedonels mouklavs. isini STa-
momavlobiT qarTlosisgan momdinareobdnen da uflosis Zeni
- 210 -
iyvnen. farnavazis dedas, romelic erovnebiT sparsi iyo, sami
wlis daoblebuli farnavazi malulad gauzrdia.
leonti mrovelis teqstSi azo borot mefedaa warmodge-
nili. mas Zalauflebis SenarCunebaSi berZnebi uWerdnen mxars.
roca farnavazi gaizarda, man samefo taxtze Tavisi kanonieri
uflebebi ganacxada. mas mxari dauWira egresis mTavarma. aseve
moiwvia daqiravebuli jari osebisa da lekebis saxiT. farnavazi
amarcxebs azos da mcxeTas ikavebs. kanonieri mefobis misaRe-
bad farnavazi mociqulebs asureTSi gzavnis. asureTis mefem
farnavazi qarTlis mefed akurTxa, gvirgvini gadasca da Tavis
mokavSire somxeTs daavala samxedro ZaliT daxmareboda ber-
ZenTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. gadamwyvet brZolaSi farnavazis
gaerTianebulma jarma azos mxardamWeri berZnebi daamarcxa.
am brZolaSi azo mokles. farnavazis mefoba qarTveluri tome-
biT dasaxlebuli teritoriis did nawilze gavrcelda.
ra Tqma unda, SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom leonti mroveli
`moqcevis~ avtorisgan gansxvavebiT met informacias flobda,
anda is, rom man meti erTguleba gamoiCina faqtobrivi istori-
uli masalis mimarT, magram faqtia, rom XI saukunis qarTveli
saeklesio moRvawe Zalze negatiurad warmoaCens saberZneTis
rols da, amave dros, aSkara simpaTias gamoxatavs asureTis me-
fis antioqosis mimarT, romelsac Turme farnavazma msaxureba
aRuTqva.
rogorc zemoT iyo naCvenebi, XI saukuneSi bizantia aqti-
urad ereoda saqarTvelos Sida saqmeebSi. bizantiel impera-
torebs qarTveli mefeebis kurTxevis pretenziac hqondaT.
isini TavianTi jarebiT gzavnidnen taxtis maTTvis sasurvel
pretendentebs, ufliswulebsac xSirad mZevlebad iTxovdnen
da TviTon gansazRvravdnen, Tu rodis unda gamoegzavnaT
saqarTveloSi. rogorc Cans, leonti mroveli Seecada bizan-
tielTa am pretenziebisTvis ideologiuri safuZveli moespo.
manamde, Tu `moqcevis~ cnobiT, pirveli mefe aleqsandre make-
donelma akurTxa da qarTlis mefoba daudgina, amjerad le-
onti mrovelma erTbaSad gaauqma es uwyeba, makedonelis das-
muli mefe azo saqarTvelos mtrad gamoacxada da mis nacvlad
gamefebuli farnavazis Sesaxeb sakmaod vrceli legenda war-
mogvidgina:
Turme makedonels qarTlSi kanonieri mefoba daumxia da
Tavisi qveSevrdomi ukanonod gaumefebia. berZnebis winaaR-
mdeg amxedrebul farnavazs, romelsac deda sparsi hyavda,
- 211 -
mTeli kavkasia amosdgomia mxarSi. jer iyo da, egrisis mTa-
varTan daumyarebia kavSiri, Semdeg samxedro ZaliT daxmare-
bian lekebi, osebi, somxebi da saerTo ZaliT berZnebis jari
daumarcxebiaT. sabolood ki samefo gvirgvini asureTis mefes
warmougzavnia. ese igi, qarTlis mefis kurTxeva asureTidan
momdinareobs da ara saberZneTidan, rogorc amas manamdeli
qarTuli wyaro (`moqceva~) iuwyeboda.
centraluri Tema, rasac leonti mroveli aviTarebs, aris
kavkasiel xalxTa erToba — maTi saerTo winaprisgan warmo-
Soba. es Tema gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri swored XI saukuneSia,
roca saqarTvelo aqtiurad ibrZoda kavkasiaSi politikuri
hegemoniis mosapoveblad.
axali koncefciis damkvidrebisas leonti mrovels erTi
Zalze mniSvnelovani garemoebis gaTvaliswineba uwevs:
am periodSi saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs iseTi werilobiTi
wyaro, romelic qarTvelTa eTnogenezis sakiTxs exeba. `moqce-
vis~ teqsti amgvar amocanas aSkarad ar isaxavs. iq moxsenebuli
qarTvelTa winare samSoblo, egreT wodebuli àrian-qarTli~
konkretul sivrces TiTqos arc gulisxmobs. am sakiTxze sxva
cnobebSic aSkarad alegoriebi ufro Warboben, vidre isto-
riuli qronikisTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi. amave dros, igive
kavkasiaSi mcxovreb somxebs ukve V saukuneSi aqvT dawerili
sakuTari istoria. mose xorenelis `somxeTis istoria~ erT-
gvarad berZnuli istoriuli Janris formiTaa dawerili. iq
somexTa eTnogenezic da maTi kavkasiaSi mosvlis istoriac
konkretuli formiTaa mocemuli.
ramdenadac mose xorenelis teqsti leonti mrovelis
epoqaSi ukve 5-6 saukunis istorias iTvlis, leonti mroveli
ar cdilobs raRac axali istoriis daweras. mas cvlilebebi
Zvel qarTul TxzulebaSi, `moqcevaSi~ Seaqvs. siZvelis Tval-
sazrisiT, `moqceva~, cxadia, mose xorenelis Txzulebas ar
CamorCeba. piriqiT, `moqcevis~ mTxroblebad IV saukunis isto-
riuli pirovnebebi gvevlinebian.
leonti mrovels paralelurad kidev erTi rTuli prob-
lemis gadawyveta uwevs. man qarTvelTa winapari uTuod bib-
liur genealogias unda daukavSiros. qarTul werilobiT wya-
roebSi manamde ar gvxvdeba qarTvelTa genealogiis bibliasTan
sisxlismierad dakavSirebis SemTxveva.
kavkasieli xalxis istoriis warmodgenisTvis leonti mro-
veli TargamosTan dakavSirebul somxur legendas afarToebs.
- 212 -
leonti mroveli erTgvarad àzustebs~, rom yvela kavkasieli
xalxi am teritoriaze erTdroulad movida da, am Tvalsaz-
risiT, maT Tanabari uflebebi aqvT.
dReisTvis Zneli saTqmelia, ra arCevani hqonda leonti
mrovels. SeiZleba is kidec icnobda ax. w. I saukuneSi moR-
vawe ebraeli istorikosis ioseb flaviusis cnobas imis Sesa-
xeb, rom `Teobelma daafuZna Teobelebi, romelTac amJamad
iberebi hqviaT. mesxosma daafuZna mesxebi, romelTac axla ka-
padokielebi ewodebaT.~.27 ioseb flaviusis am cnobiT SemdegSi
sxva avtorebsac xSirad usargebliaT.28
miuxedavad imisa, rom am cnobebs dRemde ar daukargavT
aqtualoba, leonti mroveli gansxvavebul versias amjobinebs.
vfiqrobT, leonti mrovelisTvis miuRebelia kavkasiel xal-
xTa Sesaxeb sxvadasxva winaprebis dasaxelebis versia. Tundac
igive mesxeTi XI saukuneSi xSirad saqarTvelodan gandgomisken
iswrafvoda. leonti mrovelisTvis ara Tu qarTveluri tome-
bis sxvadasxva winaprebis arsebobaa miuRebeli, aramed igi yve-
la araqarTvelur kavkasiel xalxsac qarTvelurTan erTad
saerTo modgmas ukavSirebs. XI saukuneSi am ideas udidesi
politikuri mniSvneloba hqonda. rogorc aRvniSneT, saqar-
Tvelos gavlena ukve Crdilo kavkasiaSic ki vrceldeboda. me-
zobeli somxeTic seriozul kriziss ganicdida da qarTvel
mefeebs maTi taxtiskenac seriozulad eWiraT Tvali.
Tu Semdgom saukuneebSi ganviTarebuli movlenebiT Seva-
fasebT, cxadia, leonti mrovelis am koncefciis mniSvneloba
kidev ufro gaizarda. daviT aRmaSeneblis droindeli saqar-
Tvelos gavlena Zalze did teritoriebze gavrcelda da, cxa-
dia, saerTo winapris arseboba ideologiuri TvalsazrisiT
kidev ufro aqtualuri gaxda. marTalia, arqeologiuri da
enaTmecnieruli masalebiT sabolood ar aris dasabuTebuli,
magram kavkasiur cnobierebaSi kavkasiel xalxTa erTobis le-
ontiseulma koncefciam, praqtikulad, Tanamedrove epoqamde
moaRwia.
rogor Cans, swored am mizezis gamo saukuneTa manZilze
qarTuli sazogadoeba ver eleoda leonti mrovelis mier Camoya-
libebul qarTlis istoriis versias, miuxedavad imisa, rom am
istoriis bevr sxva motivs aSkara gaugebrobebi axlda Tan.
leonti mrovelis politizebuli koncefciis zogierT mo-
tivs SesaZloa dRemde ar daukargavs aqtualoba, magram igi,
ZiriTadad, mainc Sua saukuneebis politikuri ideologiis am-
- 213 -
saxvelia da amdenad misi aqtualoba SesamCnevad gafermkrTale-
bulia. vfiqrobT, qarTveli eris sulieri cxovrebis tenden-
ciebs pirveladi teqsti (`qarTlis moqceva~) gacilebiT coc-
xlad gamoxatavda. masSi qarTveli eris sulieri cxovrebis
perspeqtivebi globalur masStabSia dasmuli da naklebad iTva-
liswinebs epoqisTvis damaxasiaTebel politikur situacias.
TariRTa dasaxelebis TvalsazrisiT, `moqcevisgan~ gan-
sxavebiT SedarebiT mcire sxvaobaa. etyoba leonti mrovelsac
TvalSi moxvda is uxerxuloba, rac dakavSirebulia `moqcevis~
im uwyebasTan, rom wminda nino miicvala qarTlSi mosvlidan
meTxuTmete wels. wlebi ki ubralod erTmaneTs sworad rom
mihbmoda, saWiro gaxda qarTlSi mosvlis welic am TxuTmet-
Si gvegulisxma. zemoT Cven asec moviqeciT, magram leonti
mrovelma mainc arCia daezustebina es momenti da aRniSna,
rom wminda ninom `Sevedra suli Tvisi meufesa caTasa qarT-
lad moslviTgan misiT meToTxmetesa welsa,~ xolo danarCeni
zustad gaimeora `moqcevidan~ — `qristes amaRlebiTgan samas
ocdaTurametsa welsa, dasabamiTganTa welTa xuTiaTas rvaas
ocdaTurametsa.~29 amiT, faqtobrivad, leonti mrovelma araTu
raime Secvala `moqcevis~ konceptualur sqemaSi, aramed piri-
qiT, kidev ufro ganamtkica igi. magram am ganmtkicebisTvis mas
mouxda Seleoda `moqcevidan~ momdinare ricxviT simbolos,
romelic ricxv 15-s ukavSirdeboda. mrovelma es simbolo na-
klebad mniSvnelovnad CaTvala, vidre ZiriTad sqemaSi arse-
buli uxerxuloba.
erTi SexedviT mniSvnelovan cvlilebad SeiZleba mogve-
Cvenos is faqti, rom mroveli mirian mefes asaxelebs rogorc
ocdameoTxe mefes da ara ocdamerves, rogorc es `moqcevaSi~
iyo. ramdenadac es ricxviTi simboloc uSualod monawileobs
ganxilul sqemaSi, SeiZleba mogveCvenos, rom igi Sesabamis
cvlilebebs gamoiwvevs, magram irkveva, rom leonti mroveli
am niuanssac iTvaliswinebs.
rogorc naCvenebi iyo, `moqcevis~ avtorma bibliur is-
toriaze mibma gamosaxa qarTlis mefeTa genealogiis dakav-
SirebiT babilonis tyveobis bibliur epizodTan. mrovelic
ZalaSi tovebs am koncefcias, magram mas Semoaqvs sruliad
axali aspeqtic, rac ar gvxvdeba wina versiaSi. esaa farnava-
zianTa dakavSireba TargamosTan. swored amiT iwyeba mis mier
moTxrobili `cxovreba mefeTa~. Cven amjerad ar SevudgebiT am
axali motivis ganxilvas da msjelobas imave konteqstSi gav-
- 214 -
agrZelebT. mroveli aseT Tanamimdevrobas gvTavazobs: Targa-
mosma misca qarTloss qveyana, romelsac ewoda qarTli. qar-
Tlosis Semdeg mcxeTaSi mefobda misi Ze mcxeTosi, xolo mas
Semdeg — uflosi.
rogorc vxedavT, leonti mrovelma qarTlis mefeTa genea-
logiaSi Seitana oTxi axali saxeli, magram rom ar darRveu-
liyo `moqcevis~ warmodgenili sqema, igi iZulebuli iyo aseve
oTxiT Seemcirebina danarCen mefeTa raodenoba da aReniSna,
rom miriani iyo 24-e mefe farnavazidan. farnavazi ki uSua-
lod agrZelebs mefeTa sias uflosidan. `mas Jamsa iyo Wabuki
erTi mcxeTas qalaqsa Sina, romelsa erqua saxeli farnavaz.
ese farnavaz iyo mamulad qarTleli, naTesavi uflosi, mcxe-
Tosis Zisa.~30
rogorc vxedavT, mrovelma genealogiuri xazidan amoSala
azoc, rogorc farnavazTan dapirispirebuli Zala. ramdenadac
wina oTxi mefis STamomavlobiTi mefoba mTeli saqarTvelos
masStabiT ganixileboda, amjerad garkveviT daafiqsira, rom
èse farnavaz iyo pirveli mefe qarTlsa Sina qarTlosisa na-
TesavTagani~. xolo misgan 24-e — mirian mefe. Tu Targamosidan
aviTvliT, miriani aRmoCndeba 28-e mefe da `moqcevis~ versiis
ricxvTa simbolika kvlav ucvleli darCeba.
marTalia, leonti mrovels axali aqcentebi Seaqvs qarTlis
moqcevasTan dakavSirebul TxrobaSi, magram mainc aSkarad cdi-
lobs, rom mTlianad SeinarCunos wina versiaSi ganviTarebuli
koncefcia. raTa ar daikargos `moqceviseuli~ sqemis sawyisi
wertili, igi moixseniebs aleqsandre makedonelisdroindel
qarTlis dapyrobasac da manamdel urTierTobasac babilon-
Tan:
`xolo vidre sikudilamde mcxeTosisa ese yovelni naTe-
savni Targamosisni iyvnes siyuarulsa zeda erTmaneTisasa; da
SiSi aqundaT nebroTianTa, da hgonebdes igini nebroTianTa-
gan Zebnasa sisxlisa nebroTissa. da iswrafdes igini magrebasa
cixe-qalaqTasa SiSisaTvis nebroTianTasa.~31
rogorc vxedavT, `moqcevisa~ da `cxovreba mefeTa~-s ver-
siebs Soris arsebuli gansxvaveba TariRebisa da ricxvebis
dasaxelebaSi mxolod moCvenebiTia. ufro sworad, ricxvebi,
rogorc maTematikuri sidideebi, ki gansxvavdebian erTmaneTi-
sagan, magram maT Soris araviTari sxvaoba ar arsebobs Sinaar-
sobrivi TvalsazrisiT.
qarTlis moqcevis istoriis amsaxveli mesame versiis avtori
- 215 -
arseni Tavisi naSromis Sesaxeb miuTiTebs, rom igi icnobs wina
versiebs da Tavis monaTxrobSi mTlianad maT eyrdnoba. Tavad
am axali variantis daweris mizezi ki is aris, rom èse netar-
isa ninois `cxorebaY~ Seuwyobelad da ganbneulad `qarTlis mo-
qcevasa~ Tana da `hanbavsa mefeTasa~ Tana aRreulad sweria. . .
da amisTvis saeklesiod mkiTxvelTaTvis friad sawyino iyo da
msmenelTaTvis uxmar da ver sacnaur.~32 amis ZiriTad mizezad ki
imas asaxelebs, rom Zveli teqstebi pirvel pirSia dawerili da
sxvadasxva fragments sxvadasxva pirovneba gviambobs.
rac Seexeba arseniseuli versiis ZiriTad Sinaarss, avtori
gvamcnobs, rom ìgi ars piri, romeli ZvelTa Sina sweria. arca
Semimatebia, arca damiklia.~ `da ukueTu raime Sesavalad Txrobi-
sa, anu adgil-adgil Sesakravad sityvisa sityuaY gvixmaria, igica
saRmrToTa wignTagan da wmidaTa mier Tqmulisagan ars.~33
am epizodSi kargad Cans imdroindeli damokidebuleba is-
toriis alegoriis mimarTac. arseni gvauwyebs, rom mas araferi
Seucvlia Zvel teqstSi, xolo Tu mis naSroms gadavikiTxavT,
davinaxavT, rom mis mier dasaxelebuli arc erTi TariRi ar
emTxveva Zveli teqstebis TariRebs. arseni gvTavazobs TariR-
Ta sruliad sxva Tanwyobas, maSin, roca igi Tavad darwmunebu-
lia, rom amiT araferi icvleba Zvel versiebTan SedarebiT.
faqtobrivad, is marTalicaa. ZiriTadi arsi am versiaSic, mar-
Tlac, ucvleli rCeba.
wina versiebisagan gansxvavebiT arseni uaRresad didi gul-
modginebiT gadmogvcems iseT mniSvnelovan Temas, rogoricaa
RvTismSoblisadmi saqarTvelos wilxvdomileba. am sakiTxs,
cxadia, wina versiebic exebian, magram iq, ZiriTadad, mainc
alegoriebi Warboben, amjerad ki es Tema Zalze daxvewiladaa
mowodebuli.
zemoT Cven visaubreT èfeseli kacis~ alegoriis Sesaxeb
da SesaZloa erTgvari eWvi mainc warmoSobiliyo imis gamo,
es alegoria namdvilad mianiSnebs Tu ara ioane maxarebelTan
kavSirs, magram amjerad arseni sruliad garkveviT gvauwyebs
ioane maxareblis pirdapir kavSirs, erTi mxriv, efesosTan,
rogorc mis samociqulo mxaresTan da, meore mxriv, uSualod
RvTismSobelTan, romelsac samociqulod swored saqarTvelo
rgebia wilad. `xolo wmidasa ioanes, maxarebelsa da RmrTisme-
tyuelsa, egreTve sam-gzis wil-gdebiTa xuda kerZo efesoisaY,
queyana asiisaY,~ Semdeg ki xazgasmulia, rom RvTismSoblisa da
ioane maxareblis moRvaweoba erTmaneTisagan ganuSorebelia.
- 216 -
rogorc RvTismSobeli mimarTavs ioanes, àw ukue warved Sen-
ca queyanasa mas, romeli wil-gxuda, da movide meca Sen Tana,
raiTa orive sruliqmnas: Senica qadagebaY da kualad Cemgan
ganuSorebelobaY.~34
faqtobrivad, `moqcevaSi~ am epizods gansxvavebuli Sinaar-
si eniWeboda da igi warmoadgenda komentars manamde naxmari
ricxviTi simbolos 310-is da TariRTa dasaxelebaSi sawyisad
qristes amaRlebis wlis dasaxelebis ganmartebisaTvis. amjerad
arseni uaRresad moxerxebulad afarToebs am simbolos mniS-
vnelobas da aqcenti RvTismSobelTan mimarTebaze gadaaqvs.
rogorc Cans, movlenaTa daTariRebis sferoSi arsenis
amocana sakmaod rTulad idga. mas, erTi mxriv, unda Seenar-
Cunebina wina versiebSi mocemuli koncefcia da, meore mxriv,
angariSi gaewia ricxviTi simboloebis sakmaod rTuli ur-
TierTmimarTebebisaTvis. erTgvarad, isic igrZnoba, rom ar-
seni angariSs uwevs nikeas krebis Sesabamisi TariRis dafiq-
sirebis sizustes da erideba mis wminda simboluri mosazre-
biT dasaxelebas, rogorc es wina versiebSia gakeTebuli. am
problemaTa gadawyvetis procesSi arsenic sakmaod saintereso
ricxviT simbolikas gvTavazobs.
arseni daTariRebaTa sistemas or gancalkevebul jgufad
warmoadgens. pirvelSi igi sawyis wertilad iRebs bizantiis
moqcevis wels, rogorc es wina versiebSia, magram amjerad igi
310-is nacvlad asaxelebs 311-s qristes amaRlebidan. gvauw-
yebs, rom es moxda `. . . sarwmunoebad mosvlisa da cnobad WeS-
maritebisa mirian qarTvelTa mefisa pirvel aTormetisa wli-
sa.~ ese igi, mirian mefes qristianuli sarwmunoeba ucvnia 323
wels (31112). rogorc teqstidan Cans, am TariRs ukavSirdeba
mirian mefis TvalTdabnelebis epizodi TxoTis mTaze, magram
arseni calke gamoyofs mirian mefis naTlisRebis TariRsac.
am TariRs igi aerTianebs elene dedoflis mier golgoTis
jvris povnis da mcxeTaSi saswaulebrivi Zelis aRmarTebis
TariRebTan. am TariRad igi 330 wels asaxelebs. jer erTi, su-
lieri simbolikis TvalsazrisiT am TariRis daniSvniT ricxvi
33 ukavSirdeba macxovris 33 wels, da meorec, es informacia
srul SesabamisobaSia berZnuli wyaroebis cnobasTan golgo-
Tis jvris povnasTan dakavSirebiT. amave dros wina TariRic
(323 w.) ise iyo `SerCeuli~, rom mas aRniSnul 330 welTan erTi
Svideuli aSorebs. kerZod, wminda nino swored 7 wlis win, ese
igi 316 wels, Camosula qarTlSi (igulisxmeba armazis kerpe-
- 217 -
bis Semusvris epizodi). ase rom, wminda ninos qarTlSi Camos-
vlidan 7 wlis Semdeg moeqca miriani, anu rogorc `moqcevaSi-
caa~, wminda ninom `meSvidesa welsa mefesa arwmuna saswauliTa
qristesmieriTa~, xolo kidev 7 wlis Semdeg `naTel-iRes mefe-
man da dedofalman SviliTurT maTiT da yovelTa mTavarTa
maTTa da uricxuman simravleman erisaman saxeliTa mamisaiTa
da ZisaiTa da sulisa wmidisaiTa xeliTa patriaqisaiTa.~35
aRniSnuli ori SvideuliT miiReba is ricxv 14-iT simboli-
zebuli monakveTi, razedac zemoT iyo saubari da romelic
unda daematos mirianis mefobis rigis maCvenebels, raTa mivi-
RoT sakraluri ricxvi 42. marTlac, arsenic imeorebs `moqce-
vis~ analogiursave istorias qarTlis qaldevelTa tyveobis
qveS yofnisa da aleqsandre makedonelisagan misi ganTavisu-
flebis Sesaxeb da adasturebs, rom `. . . ese azove ars pirveli
mefe qarTvelTaY. da amisTa Svilis-SvilTagan ocdamerve
mefe iyo mirian.~36 arseni arafers ambobs farnavazisa da azos
rTul urTierTobaze. igi ar iziarebs leonti mrovelis kon-
cefcias da ZiriTadad kmayofildeba ricxviTi simbolos 28-is
dafiqsirebiT, riTac, faqtobrivad, `moqcevaSi~ mocemul sim-
bolur sqemas ucvlelad tovebs, miuxedavad imisa, rom Tavad
dasaxelebuli TariRebi aRar emTxvevian mis monacemebs.
nax. 9
- 218 -
`moqcevis~ sqemasTan SedarebiT es sqema ufro sadadaa
warmodgenili, magram amis garda, arseni gvTavazobs TariRTa
meore Tanwyobasac, romelic masTan paralelurad SeiZleba iq-
nas ganxiluli. TiTqosda moulodnelad, arseni iZleva wminda
ninos qarTlSi moRvaweobis sakmaod grZel, 35 wlian periods
da misi gardacvaleba `gadaaqvs~ 354 wlisTvis.
`da friadTa SromaTa da RvawlTa mier gankafuli sofli-
sa amisgan sufevad saukunod aRvida ocdameaTxuTmetesa welsa
qarTls Semoslvisa misisasa, xolo dasabamiTganTa welTa xuT
aTas rvaas ormeocdameaToTxmetesa.~ 37
Tu wminda nino dasabamiTgan 5854 wels, anu qristes So-
bidan 354 wels miicvala da es iyo misi qarTlSi Semosvlis
35-e weli, maSin gamodis, rom igi qarTlSi Semosula 319 wels
(354 _ 35). imave teqstis zemoT moyvanili sqemis mixedviT ki
am TariRad moxsenebuli iyo 316 weli. ese igi, erTsa da imave
teqstSi erTi da imave movlenis TariRTa dasaxelebaSi arse-
bobs samwliani gansxvaveba.
aq, ra Tqma unda, SemTxveviTi ar aris am axali TariRebis
Semotana. wminda ninos qarTlSi Camosvlis es axali TariRi —
319 weli kvlav `moqcevidan~ momdinareobs. gavixsenoT, rom,
rogorc wminda nino mogviTxrobs, bizantiis moqcevidan `me-
Svidesa welsa iyo wminda krebaY nukeas, da mervesa welsa iyo
sivltolaY Cueni saberZneTiT.~
rogorc vxedavT, aq ori ricxvia dasaxelebuli. mas Sem-
deg, rac arsenma daafiqsira bizantiis moqcevis TariRi 311
weli, gamodis, rom 8 wlis Semdeg, ese igi 319 wels, wminda
nino saberZneTidan wamosula. imave versiiT wminda nino imave
wels Camodis qarTlSi. ase rom, arsenis Semotanili es axali
da TiTqos ucnauri daTariRebac swored `moqcevis~ teqsts
eyrdnoba.
rac Seexeba meore monacems, rom nikeas kreba iyo bizan-
tiis moqcevidan me-7 wels, ese igi 318 wels. arsenma, ra Tqma
unda, SesaniSnavad icis, rom nikeas kreba realurad iyo ara
318 wels, aramed 325 wels da, faqtobrivad, Tavis versiaSi
swored am TariRze akeTebs orientacias, magram mainc anga-
riSs uwevs `moqcevis~ monacems — 318 wels. arseni am simbolos
asaxelebs ara rogorc krebis wels, rogorc es `moqcevaSia~,
aramed rogorc eklesiis mamaTa raodenobis aRmniSvnel ricxvs
am krebaze. igi evstaTi antioqiel patriarqTan dakavSirebiT
gvauwyebs, rom ìyo mas Jamsa nikeas, wmidasa mas da didebulsa
- 219 -
krebasa samas aTrvametTa wmidaTa mamaTasa.~38
rogorc vxedavT, ricxviTi simbolo 318, romelic `mo-
qcevaSi~ nikeas krebis TariRs gviCvenebs, arsenTan gvevlineba
rogorc wminda mamaTa raodenoba amave krebaze.
es ricxviTi simbolo jer kidev Zveli aRTqmidanaa cno-
bili. magaliTad, roca ebraelebs Tavs daesxnen sodomisa da
gomoris mefeebi da tyved waiyvanes abraamis Zmiswuli loTi,
abraamma àRiracxna Tvisni saxlisa naSobni samas aTrvametni
da devna-uyo Semdgomad maTsa vidre dandmde.~39 abraamma daa-
marcxa sodomisa da gomoris mefeebi da swored am gamrjvebis
Semdeg igi mefeTa velze xvdeba melqisedeks, selemis mefes.
gadmocemiT aseve 318 wlis Semdeg iqna napovni da aRmarTuli
golgoTis jvari, romelic jvarcmis Semdeg daikarga. ase rom,
simbolo 318 gamarjvebis, Zvelis daTrgunvis simboloa. am
TvalsazrisiT, nikeas krebac swored WeSmariti qristianuli
aRmsareblobis damtkicebis movlenadaa gaazrebuli.
es epizodebi erTxel kidev adastureben, rom gansaxilvel
teqstebSi ricxviT gamosaxulebebs, pirvel rigSi, swored sim-
boluri mniSvnelobebi eniWebaT.
ase rom, wminda ninos micvalebis TariRis dasaxelebiT
warmoSobili TariRTa jaWvic srul TanxmobaSi aRmoCnda `mo-
qcevis~ versiasTan im TvalsazrisiT, rom dacul iqna is ric-
xviTi simboloebi, romlebic `moqcevaSia~ mocemuli, miuxeda-
vad imisa, rom Tavad TariRebis aRmniSvneli ricxvebi Zalze
mkveTrad gansxvavebuli saxiT gamoiyurebian.
wminda ninos qarTlSi moRvaweobis diapazonic, 35 weli,
SemTxveviT ar aris aseTi didi. vfiqrobT, amis erT-erTi ax-
sna isic unda iyos, rom arseni iZulebulia angariSi gauwios
im faqts, rom simbolikis warmodgenisaTvis `moqcevis~ avtorma
welTaRricxvis aTvlisTvis TiTqosda qristes amaRlebis weli
SemogvTavaza, maSin, roca dasabamiTgan TariRTa dasaxelebis
CvenebiT migvaniSna, rom istoriul planSi isini mainc qristes
Sobidan unda vigulisxmoT. marTalia, wina versiebSi es gare-
moeba imiT aixsneboda, rom iq saerTod amgvar simboloebSia
moTxrobili mTeli teqsti, magram amjerad, radgan arsenis
teqsti eklesiaSi sakiTxavadaa gaTvaliswinebuli, raime gauge-
broba rom ar gamoewvia mrevlSi, arsenma amjobina, rom wminda
ninos micvalebis weli imgvarad gamoesaxa, rom, Tu vinme ale-
goriaSi ver gaerkveoda da welTaRricxvas marTlac qristes
amaRlebidan awarmoebda, winaaRmdegobaSi ar aRmoCeniliyo am
- 220 -
TariRTan. magaliTad, Tu aviTvliT bizantiis moqcevis TariRs
(311 weli amaRlebidan), igi aRmoCndeba 344 weli qristes Sobi-
dan. es informacia ar daaeWvebs msmenels, radgan wminda nino
amis Semdeg miicvala (am versiiT, 354 wels). swored amiT SeiZle-
ba aixsnas, rom wminda ninos micvalebis TariRi dasaxelebulia
ara qristes amaRlebidan, anda Sobidan, aramed dasabamidan.
rac Seexeba Tavad ricxv 35-s, isic, cxadia, Rrma simboluri
mniSvnelobis Semcvelia, kerZod, wminda ninos moRvaweobas
qarTlSi warmogvidgens 5 Svideulis saxiT.
rac Seexeba qarTlis moqcevasTan dakavSirebuli movle-
nebis amsaxvel meoTxe versias:
igi dawerilia XIII saukuneSi da avtori ucnobia. am teqstSi
movlenebi uaRresad racionaluradaa gadmocemuli. avtori
cdilobs maqsimalurad lakoniurad da naTlad warmoadgi-
nos yoveli epizodi. Tu teqsts mxolod amjerad gansaxilvel
konteqstSi SevxedavT, vfiqrobT, SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom
amjerad avtori ar isaxavs miznad wina versiebSi ganviTare-
buli ricxviTi simbolikebis warmodgenas. aq, ZiriTadad, sxva
aqcentebia gakeTebuli da amdenad am koncefciaze aRaraa gamax-
vilebuli yuradReba. TariRTa dasaxelebisas avtori iCens erT-
gvar kompromisul damokidebulebas. igi cdilobs sul oriode
miniSnebiT Seajeros wina versiebis monacemebi. konkretulad
dasaxelebulia mxolod ori TariRi. rogorc gveuwyeba, bizan-
tia moeqca 318 wels qristes amaRlebidan. xolo meore TariRi
miTiTebulia wminda ninos micvalebasTan dakavSirebiT: `sofli-
sa amisgan sufevad saukunod aRvida ocdameaTxuTmetesa welsa
qarTls Semoslvisa misisasa, xolo dasabamiTganTa welTa xuTi
aTas rvaas ormeoc da meaTxuTmetesa.~ 40
rogorc vxedavT, aRniSnuli wlebi wina versiebis arc erT
Sesabamis TariRs ar emTxveva, magram, vfiqrobT, es gaugebroba
advilad ixsneba, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imave avtoris miniSnebas
imis Sesaxeb, rom mirian mefis naTlisRebisas mcxeTaSi Camo-
suli iyo konstantine keisris warmogzavnili èvstaTi antio-
qeli patriaqi, kaci yovliTa sibrZniTa savse, romelman nikiisa
krebasa daamtkica marTali sarwmunoebaY.~41
ese igi, rogorc irkveva, avtori qarTlis moqcevis epi-
zods nikeas krebis Semdeg aTavsebs. am SemTxvevaSi bizantiis
moqcevis TariRis mibma nikeas krebaze iTvaliswinebs `moqce-
vis~ monacems imis Sesaxeb, rom saberZneTis moqcevidan `me-
Svidesa welsa iyo wmida krebaY nikeas.~ Semdeg ukve aRniSnuli
- 221 -
garemoeba gaiTvaliswineba wminda ninos qarTlSi Camosvlis
TariRis gansazRvrisas. avtori am TariRad miiCnevs 320 wels.
vfiqrobT, esec TariRTa im Sejerebas efuZneba, romlis mixed-
viTac gaTvaliswinebuli iqna kidev erTi monacemi `moqcevis~
versiidan, kerZod, is, rom wminda ninom `meequsesa welsa ar-
wmuna colsa mefisasa nanas sensa Sina missa da meSvidesa welsa
mefesa arwmuna saswauliTa qristesmieriTa.~
marTalia, es TariRi uSualod ar aris dafiqsirebuli, ma-
gram, vfiqrobT, swored aRniSnuli garemoebaa gaTvaliswine-
buli wminda ninos qarTlSi Camosvlis TariRis gansazRvrisas.
Tu es asea, maSin gamodis, rom mas Semdeg, rac wminda nino 320
wels Camodis qarTlSi, 6 wlis Semdeg, 326 wels moaqcia nana
dedofali (es TariRi uSualod mosdevs nikeas krebis TariRs
— 325 wels). rac Seexeba wminda ninos gardacvalebis TariRs
(355 weli qristes Sobidan, anu 5855 weli dasabamidan), igi ukve
meqanikuradaa gansazRvruli 320 wlidan 35 wlis damatebiT.
wminda ninos qarTlSi 35 wliani moRvaweobis monacemi ki ukve
aRebulia arseniseuli versiidan.
bizantiis moqcevis TariRTan misi amaRlebidan aTvlis
moxseniebac mxolod gaTvaliswinebaa wina versiebSi analogi-
uri uwyebis arsebobisa.
ase rom, XIII saukunis ucnobi avtoris `ninos cxovrebaSi~
miznad ar aris dasaxuli ricxviTi simbolokiT raime ale-
goriuli suraTis Seqmna. aq amocana ufro realisturadaa
dasaxuli. teqstSi gaTvaliswinebulia ricxv 318-is sulieri
mniSvneloba da Tu wina versiebSi es ricxvi jer nikeas krebis
TariRad iyo dasaxelebuli, xolo Semdeg am krebaze saekle-
sio mamaTa raodenobad, amjerad avtori mas qristianuli sam-
yaros kidev erT mniSvnelovan movlenas — bizantiis moqcevas
ukavSirebs. sxva mxriv ki erTgvarad Seajerebs wina versiebis
monacemebs, ise, rom Tavad am teqstSi ar SeiniSnebodes serio-
zuli winaaRmdegobani istoriuli movlenebis Sesabamisi Tari-
Rebis urTierTmimarTebaSi. am versiaSi aSkarad SeimCneva is,
rom avtori, ZiriTadad Tavs aridebs zust TariRTa dasaxele-
bas. SesaZloa, ubralod, igi Tavis Tavze ar iRebs maTi is-
toriulobis TvalsazrisiT sizustis mtkicebas. is ori Tari-
Ric, romlebic teqstSia dasaxelebuli, isea SerCeuli, rom
Tu vinme moindomebs danarCeni TariRebis garkvevas sxvadasxva
miniSnebebis, an sxva versiebis monacemebis mixedviT, aRniSnuli
teqstidan gamomdinare winaaRmdegobebs ar waawydeba.
- 222 -
mokled rom SevajamoT zemoT gamoTqmuli mosazrebani,
SeiZleba aRvniSnoT, rom wminda ninos cxovrebisa da qar-
Tlis moqcevis Sesaxeb arsebul versiebSi TariRTa dasaxeleba
wminda istoriuli TvalsazrisiT ar SeiZleba gagebul iqnas
pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT. es TariRebi, marTalia, uSualo kav-
SirSi arian istoriul movlenebTanac, magram maTi ricxviTi
mniSvnelobebi da Tavad istoriuli faqtebis Sesaxeb Txrobis
manerac qmnian Rrmad simbolizebul sistemas, sadac pirvela-
di mniSvneloba eniWeba am simboloTa sulier mniSvnelobas da
mxolod Semdeg — istoriuls. amdenad, es TariRebi, pirvel
rigSi, aRqmul unda iqnan rogorc alegoriebi, rac saSualebas
iZleva movlenaTa WeSmariti Sinaarsis wvdomisaTvis. TariR-
Ta ganxilvisadmi amgvari damokidebuleba sruliad bunebrivi
movlenaa Zveli drois sulier moZRvrebebSi.
bunebrivia, zemoT gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis gaziarebis
SemTxvevaSic ki SeiZleba daisvas kiTxvebi: mainc rodis moeqca
saqarTvelo? mainc rodis Camovida wminda nino saqarTveloSi?
rodis gardaicvala wminda nino? da sxva.
Cveni damokidebuleba am sakiTxisadmi aseTia:
arsebuli masalebis mixedviT, cxadia, SeiZleba am sakiT-
xebze msjeloba, magram albaT ufro swori iqneba, Tu vityviT,
rom qarTveli eris sulier cxovrebaSi iseTi mniSvnelovani
TariRebis daniSvna, rogoricaa qarTlis moqceva, wminda ninos
Camosvla saqarTveloSi, an wminda ninos micvaleba, ar unda
warmoadgendes wminda mecnierul problemas. amgvari TariRe-
bis daniSvnis ufleba SeiZleba hqondes mxolod saqarTvelos
marTlmadideblur eklesias — cxadia, gaTvaliswinebiT im su-
lieri aspeqtebisa, rac saerTod dakavSirebulia am movlenis
sulier SinaarsTan. xolo rac Seexeba aRniSnuli sakiTxis
wminda samecniero saxiT kvlevas, rasakvirvelia, amgvari kvle-
va aucilebelia, misi mniSvneloba udavod didia istoriul
movlenaTa Seswavlis saqmeSi, magram maTi Sedegebi xsenebul
TariRTa dadgenaSi unda warmoadgendes mxolod damxmare masa-
las qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiisaTvis sulieri sim-
bolikis damuSavebis saqmeSi, radgan sulieri simbolika mxo-
lod qarTlis gaqristianebis periodis gadmocemiT ar Semoi-
fargleba. misi Seqmna, Tu gaazreba mTeli istoriis manZilze
xdeba. igi dResac grZeldeba da kvlavac cocxali procesia.
- 223 -
Tavi VI
andria pirvelwodebuli
rogorc zemoT iyo saubari, Zv. w. IV saukunidan Zveli mis-

teriebi erTgvar TavSesafars hpoveben mcxeTis sulier ga-
remoSi. am sulieri nakadebis Semodineba, erTi mxriv, dace-
mis gzaze mdgari berZnuli misteriebis gavliT, xolo, meore
mxriv, uSualod aziuri samyarodan xdeboda. cxadia, saqar-
Tvelos teritoriaze mas adgilobrivi memkvidreobac daxvda.
dReisTvis Zalze Znelia am memkvidreobis pirvandeli saxis
restavracia.
aqve gvinda mivaniSnoT kidev erT sulier nakadze, rome-
lic samxreTidan da aRmosavleTidan saqarTvelosken moZrav
nakadebs CrdiloeTis mxridan Seerwya.
axali welTaRricxvis dasawyisisaTvis, erTi SexedviT, uc-
nauri movlena SeimCneva. Tu manamde saukuneTa manZilze ber-
Znebi kolxebs egviptelebad moixseniebdnen, amjerad sruliad
axali epiTeti Cndeba. zogierT berZnul wyaroSi saqarTvelo
ukve skviTeTad moixsenieba.
vfiqrobT, saqarTvelos skviTeTad moxseniebas analo-
giurive mizezi aqvs, rogorc manamde saqarTvelos egvipted
warmodgenas hqonda. axali welTaRricxvis dasawyisSi berZnebi
saqarTvelos sulieri cxovrebis formaSi ukve Crdilouri,
anu skviTuri misteriebis niSnebs Wvreten. am sakiTxis garkveva
sruliad warmoudgenelia im periodis iseTi movlenis gareSe,
rogoricaa qristianuli impulsebis gavrceleba da am Sem-
TxvevaSi andria pirvelwodebulis mociqulebrivi moRvaweoba
saqarTvelos mxareSi.
rogorc cnobilia, saqarTvelos eklesia samociqulo
eklesiaa da saqarTveloSi qristianoba andria pirvelwode-
bulma iqadaga. marTalia, saqarTvelos eklesiis warmomadgen-
lebs jer kidev Sua saukuneebidan moyolebuli xSirad uwev-
daT axsna-ganmartebaTa micema am faqtTan dakavSirebiT, ma-
gram, vfiqrobT, dReisaTvis aRaraferi unda iyos saeWvo mis
marTebulobaSi. araTu mxolod qarTul, aramed berZnul wya-
roebSic mravalgzis dasturdeba saqarTvelos teritoriaze
- 224 -
andria pirvelwodebulis samociqulo moRvaweoba.
am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT umTavresi gaugebroba imaSi mdgo-
mareobda, rom sayovelTaod miRebul wyaroebSi qristianuli
eklesiis sakmaod maRali rangis avtorebi, marTalia, andria mo-
ciqulis moRvaweobis sferoebze saubrisas konkretuladac ki
asaxeleben saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regions, magram aseve sayo-
velTaod miRebuli tradiciiT, igive mociquli skviTeTis gan-
manaTleblad iTvleboda. samociqulo teritoriebis ganawile-
bisas andrias skviTeTi xvda wilad1 da am uwyebaSi saqarTvelo
saxeldebiT ar moixsenieba. rogorc gamoirkva, am SemTxvevaSi
winaaRmdegobas mxolod moCvenebiTi xasiaTi aqvs. rogorc mTa-
varepiskoposma anania jafariZem naTlad warmoaCina, andria
mociqulis skviTeTis ganmanaTleblad moxsenieba swored adas-
turebs mis mier saqarTveloSi moRvaweobis faqts, radgan axali
welTaRricxvis I-IV saukuneebSi kavkasiasTan arsebuli sakmaod
vrceli teritoria, saqarTvelosa da misi mezobeli samTavroe-
bis CaTvliT, skviTeTad iyo wodebuli2.
am periodis cnobili berZeni istorikosebi plutarqosi,
dionisos periegeti, stefane bizantieli, cece, libaniosi, epi-
fane kvipreli da sxvani mravalgzis aRniSnavdnen, rom `fazisi
(anu rioni) skviTeTis mdinarea~,3 `skviTiis rCeuli tomebia: bi-
Zerebi, makronebi, mosinikebi, tibarenebi, xalibebi~,4 `skviTuri
tomebi arian afsilebi, sanigebi, lazebi~.5 `libaniosi (314-393)
kolxTa qveyanas uwodebs `skviTTa qveyanas~, aiets — `skviTTa
mefes~, xolo medeas — `skviTTa mefis asuls~.6
rogorc vxedavT, roca berZeni istorikosebi saubroben
andria mociqulis mier movlili skviTebis teritoriebis Sesa-
xeb, isini am teritoriebSi swored saxeldebiT moixsenieben
qarTuli tomebis samkvidro sivrceebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom
skviTebad iwodebodnen xalxebi, romlebic samociqulo peri-
odSi kavkasionisa da Savi zRvis CrdiloeT nawilSi cxovrob-
dnen, sazogadod, skviTeTad moixsenieboda mis samxreTiT mde-
bare teritoriebic.
amjerad gvinda yuradReba gavamaxviloT Semdeg sakiT-
xebze: ratom moxda, rom I-IV saukuneebis berZeni avtorebi am-
gvari ucxo dasaxelebiT moixsenieben kolxeTs, iberiasa da sxva
qarTul teritoriebs, miuxedavad imisa, rom am periodSi maT
mWidro urTierToba hqondaT saberZneTTan. aseve mniSvnelova-
nia imis garkvevac, Tu ra TaviseburebebiT unda xasiaTdebodes
is faqti, rom macxovris Tormet mociqulTagan swored andria
- 225 -
pirvelwodebuli Camodis RvTismSoblis wilxvedr iberiaSi da,
amave dros, igive andria im xalxis ganmanaTlebelicaa, rom-
lebic namdvilad skviTebis saxeliT iyvnen cnobili da kavkasi-
is CrdiloeTiT saxlobdnen.
skviTebis saxeli momdinareobs uZvelesi drois erT-er-
Ti udidesi xeldasxmulis skviTis saxelisagan. faqtobrivad,
skviTeTad iwodeboda is teritoriebi, sadac moqmedebda skvi-
Tis mier daarsebuli misteriebi, xolo is xalxi, romelic am
teritoriebze cxovrobda da garkveulad ukavSirdeboda am
misteriebs, Sesabamisad skviTebad iwodeboda.
Tanamedrove sulieri mecnierebis monacemebis mixedviT,7
warRvnis periodSi (daaxloebiT 100 saukunis win), rodesac at-
lantidis civilizacia ganadgurda, ori ZiriTadi migraciuli
nakadi gamoikveTa. am migraciuli nakadebis saTave geografi-
ulad Crdilo evropis teritoriebs, ufro konkretulad,
dRevandeli irlandiis maxlobel regionebs ukavSirdeba. war-
Rvnis wina periodSi swored aq moxda im gansakuTrebulad
ganviTarebuli individebis koncentracia, romelTa misiasac
Seadgenda, moaxloebuli katastrofis miuxedevad, gadaerCi-
naT da momaval epoqaSi gadaetanaT atlantiduri sulieri si-
brZne. es gaerTianeba, romelic flobda mziuri orakulis mis-
teriul sibrZnes, gaiyo samxreTul da Crdilour nakadebad.
samxreTul nakads manu winamZRolobda da am saxis migraciul-
ma nakadma dRevandeli indoeTis teritoriebamde miaRwia da iq
warRvnis Semdgom pirvel mniSvnelovan kulturas daudo dasa-
bami. meore nakadi Crdilo evropis kulturis damaarseblad8
mogvevlina. Crdilouri nakadic mogvianebiT kvlav gaiyo or
nawilad, romelTagan kidev erTi samxreTuli migracia gan-
xorcielda. CrdiloeTSi darCenili misteriebis moRvaweobas
skviTi edga saTaveSi. skviTis mier daarsebuli misteriuli
centri irlandiis kunZulze arsebobda. Semdeg moxda am mis-
teriebis gavrceleba ufro samxreTiT, evropuli kontinentis
teritoriebze. evropeli xalxebi TavianTi istoriuli misiis
Sesasruleblad swored am sulieri centrebis moRvaweobam
moamzada. es misteriebi yvelaze ufro sufTa saxiT inarCu-
nebdnen atlantidur sulier sibrZnes. amave misteriebSi Se-
narCunebuli iyo atlantiduri epoqisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
naTelxilvis uaRresad maRali donec.
erT-erTi umTavresi gansxvaveba Crdilour da samxreTul
misteriebs Soris imaSi mdgomareobda, rom Crdilour suli-
- 226 -
er centrebSi sulieri samyaros gancda umTavresad gare sam-
yarosTan mimarTebaSi xdeboda. maTi sulieri mzera umTavresad
makrosamyarosaken iyo mimarTuli. maTTvis bunebis yovelgvar
movlenaSi kosmosuri suli cxaddeboda. samxreTul misterie-
bSi, piriqiT, aqcenti adamianis Sinagani samyarosken iyo mi-
marTuli. sulierebis Ziebis areals ufro metad mikrosamyaro
warmoadgenda. skviTis mier daarsebul sulier centrebSi uaR-
resad Rrmad swvdebodnen fizikuri sxeulis saidumloebebs.
ramdenadac isini sulierebas, ZiriTadad, garegan samyaroSi
eZebdnen, maT centralur amocanas kosmosuri evoluciis gan-
Wvreta warmoadgenda. am procesSi ki umTavresi roli swored
fizikuri sxeulis evolucias eniWeboda.
ramdenadac Crdilour misteriebSi SenarCunebuli iyo na-
Telxilvis uaRresad maRali done, palestinaSi ganxorciele-
buli istoria aq zegrZnobadi saxiT iqna aRqmuli. marTalia,
aqaur xeldasxmulebs fizikur planSi araviTari kavSiri ar
hqondaT palestinaSi mimdinare movlenebTan, magram maT na-
TelxilvebSi Zalze Rrmad ganicdeboda is sulieri impulsebi,
rac macxovris gankacebis, jvarcmis, aRdgomisa da sxva gran-
diozuli movlenebidan momdinareobda.
rac Seexeba xalxebs, romlebic garegnul istoriul wya-
roebSi skviTebad iwodebian, ZiriTadad, Savi zRvisa da kavkasi-
is CrdiloeTiT saxlobdnen. istoriul arenaze isini Zv. w. VII
saukunidan Canan, xolo axali welTaRricxvis III saukuneSi,
faqtobrivad, arsebobas wyveten. goTebma TiTqmis mTlianad
gaanadgures skviTuri tomebi. daaxloebiT ori saukunis Sem-
deg — V saukuneSi maT nasaxlar teritoriebze ukve slavebi
mkvidrdebian. swored aqedan momdinareobs is ganwyobileba,
rom Tanamedrove slavebi TavianT sulier winaprebad skviTebs
miiCneven, xolo skviTebis ganmanaTlebel andria pirvelwode-
buls — TavianT mfarvel mociqulad. am TvalsazrisiT, ruse-
Tis marTlmadidebluri eklesia andrias samociqulo eklesiad
warmodgeba.
werilobiT wyaroebSi Zalze Zunwi cnobebi moipoveba
saqarTvelosa da skviTeTis urTierTobis Sesaxeb.
Zveli aRTqmis wignebSi ezekielTan saintereso cnobas
vxvdebiT qarTveluri tomebisa da skviTebis urTierTobis
Sesaxeb. qarTvelur tomebs, anu meSeqisa da Tubalis STamo-
mavlebs israelis winaaRmdeg skviTebis laSqrobaSi miuRiaT
monawileoba.9 i. javaxiSvilis cnobiT, III saukunis samocian
- 227 -
wlebSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi skviTebi SemoWrilan. maT Savi
zRvis sanapiro simagreebidan romis jarebi gandevnes da sak-
maod vrceli teritoriebi daikaves10. am periodSi goTebisagan
Seviwroebul skviTebs mcire droRa darCenodaT istoriis are-
naze. swored am periodidan berZnul wyaroebSi gansakuTrebiT
gaxSirda saqarTvelos skviTeTad moxsenieba. cxadia, amis
mTavari mizezi ver iqneboda skviTebis es xanmokle SemoWra
dasavleT saqarTveloSi. rogorc aRvniSneT, saqarTvelos
teritoriebis skviTeTad saxeldeba momdinareobs iqidan, rom
berZeni moazrovneebi naTlad xedavdnen aqauri sulieri cen-
trebis msoflmxedvelobis msgavsebas skviTuri misteriebis
monapovrebTan. mas Semdegac, roca skviTebi fizikurad ukve
aRar arsebobdnen, qarTvelTa sulieri cxovreba kvlav inar-
Cunebda CrdiloeTidan momdinare impulsebs da amitomac am
periodSic maTi teritoriebi kvlav skviTeTad iwodeboda.
Zveli qarTuli werilobiTi wyaroebis mixedviT, romlebic
Seesabamebian imave periodis berZnul wyaroebsac, andria moci-
quls samjer umogzauria saqarTvelos teritoriaze. `qarTlis
cxovrebis~ mixedviT, andrias pirveli mogzaurobisas mxolod
samxreT saqarTvelo mouvlia, xolo mesamed gamomgzavrebisas
Tan macxovris kidev ori mociquli — simon kananeli da mata-
Tia xlebian. am faqts VIII saukunis cnobili moRvawe epifane
konstantinopolelic adasturebs. am mogzaurobisas simon ka-
naneli gardacvlila da igi saqarTveloSi, kerZod, nikofsiaSi
daukrZalavT (rogorc cnobilia, simon kananelis saflavi am-
Jamadac axal aTonSia). epifane kviprelis (IV s.) cnobiT, mata-
Tiac saqarTveloSia dakrZaluli.
`qarTlis cxovrebis~ cnobiT, andria mociqulma qarTuli
qristianuli eklesia daafuZna. pirveli saepiskoposo kaTedra
mas awyurSi Seuqmnia.11 imave wyaros mixedviT, andria pirvel-
wodebuli saqarTveloSi RvTismSobels gamougzavnia. mas Sem-
deg, rac mociqulebma wili yares, Tu vis romel mxareSi unda
eqadaga, RvTismSobels saqarTvelo rgebia wilad. maSin mas
gamoecxada macxovari da urCia, rom igi ar ganSoreboda ieru-
salims, xolo Tavis nacvlad saqarTveloSi andria gaegzavna.
ra Tqma unda, is faqti, rom macxovris Tormeti mociquli-
dan swored andrias daekisra RvTismSoblis nacvlad eqadaga
saqarTveloSi, naTlad metyvelebs, rom am mociqulisTvis dama-
xasiaTebeli individualuri Tvisebebi saqarTvelos imdroin-
deli sulieri mdgomareobisadmi Sesabamisi unda yofiliyo.
- 228 -
ioanes saxarebaSi andria mociqulis Sesaxeb sam epizodSia
moTxrobili da TiToeuli am epizodis Sinagani arsis garkveva
didad dagvexmareba Tavad am mociqulis individualuri saxis
warmodgenaSi.
pirvelad andrias macxovris naTlisRebis epizodSi vxvde-
biT. naTlisRebamde andria ioane naTlismcemlis mowafe iyo.
igi Tavadac eswreboda naTlisRebas, magram, rogorc ioane
maxarebeli iuwyeba, andriam mxolod meore dRes SeZlo ior-
daneze momxdari saswaulis gacnobiereba. amaSi mas Tavad io-
ane naTlismcemeli daexmara, roca uSualod mianiSna uzenaesi
RvTaebis adamianur sxeulSi gamovlenis faqtze. naTlisRebis
Semdeg `xvalisa dRe dga kualad iovane da mowafeTa misTa-
ganni orni. da mihxeda iesus, vidoda raY igi, da Tqua: aha
tarigi RmrTisaY. da esma misi orTa maT mowafeTa, ityoda raY
amas, da misdevdes iesus. moeqca iesu da ixilna igini, mi-raY-
sdevdes mas, da hrqua maT: rasa eZiebT? xolo maT hrques mas:
rabi (romeli iTargmanebis `moZRuar~), sada iyofi? hrqua maT:
movediT da ixileT. da mivides da ixiles, sada iyofoda, da mis
Tana daadgres mas dResa Sina. Jami iyo viTar meaTe. iyo andria,
Zma simon-petresi, erTi orTagani, romelTa esma iovanesgan, da
misdevdes mas.“12
am epizodidan jerjerobiT is aspeqti gvinda gamovyoT,
rom macxovris Tormet mociqulTa wridan swored andriaa
is individualoba, romelic yvelaze Rrmadaa dakavSirebuli
naTlisRebis saidumlosTan da ramdenadac naTlisRebis Sem-
deg ioane male iqna mokluli, faqtobrivad, swored andria
agrZelebs misgan momdinare sulier mimarTulebas. cxadia, am
SemTxvevaSi andria gvevlineba ara rogorc warmavali Zveli,
romelic unda dapataravdes axlis mosvlisa da zrdis gamo
(ioane, 4, 30), aramed ukve mTlianad qristes impulsiT ganm-
sWvaluli sulieri nakadis warmmarTveli, romelic naTlisRe-
bis misteriidan iRebs saTaves.
Tavis mxriv, ioane naTlismcemeli qmnis im rgols, rom-
liTac winareqristianuli samyaro axal, qristes naTlisRe-
biT dabadebul samyaros ukavSirdeba. ioane amzadebs qristes
gzas. ioane amzadebs Zvel samyaros axali sulieri impulsis
misaRebad. am TvalsazrisiT, ioane naTlismcemeli gvevline-
ba rogorc SemaerTebeli xidi or grandiozul epoqas Soris.
rogorc irkveva, swored imave niSniT xasiaTdeba misi erT-er-
Ti upirvelesi mowafe andriac.
- 229 -
warmodgenil saxarebiseul epizodSi mniSvnelovania an-
drias macxovarTan Sexvedris formac. andria, romelic mis-
devs macxovars, kiTxvaze Tu ras eZebs, TiTqosda ucnaur pa-
suxs iZleva — igi Tavad svams kiTxvas — `sada iyofi?~.
ioane naTlismcemlis mowafem, andriam, icis, Tu ras niS-
navs sxeulis momzadeba uzenaesi sulis misaRebad. amitomac mis
mier dasmuli kiTxva swored sakuTari xeldasxmis poziciidan
momdinareobs. ramdenadac, sazogadod, sxeulia sulis samyo-
fi, misi sacxovrebeli, andrias ainteresebs gansxeulebuli
qristes, rogorc uzenaesi sulis, adamianur sxeulSi gamov-
lenis problema. macxovaric dauyonebliv pasuxobs — modiT
da naxeT.
warmodgenili dialogi aRniSnavs, rom am momentSi Tavad
ieso qristem ganucxada maT Tavisi gansxeulebis da naTlis-
Rebis Semdeg ieso nazarevelis fizikur sxeulSi gamovlenili
sicocxlis saidumlo.13
rogorc vxedavT, andria, romelic am epizodis Semdeg mac-
xovris mowafe xdeba, Tavisi winare xeldasxmis gaTvaliswinebiT
mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli im uZveles misteriebTan, romelTa
interesis sfero sxeulis uRrmes saidumloebebs Seexeboda. am
warmarTuli misteriebis erT-erTi bolo warmomadgeneli Ta-
vad andrias pirveli moZRvari ioane naTlismcemeli iyo.
vfiqrobT, warmodgenil konteqstSi sruliad bunebrivad
gamoiyureba is faqti, rom andria saqadageblad midis skviTeTSi,
anu im mxareSi, sadac moqmedeben warsulis udidesi xeldasxmu-
lis skviTis misteriebi. rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, swored
skviTis misteriebSi iyo Senaxuli is uRrmesi saidumloebebi,
romlebic fizikuri sxeulis evolucias Seexebodnen.
axali epoqis dasawyisSi, berZen swavlulTa TvalsazrisiT,
igive Crdilouri misteriebi moqmedebdnen saqarTveloSic.
saqarTvelos sulier centrebSic uaRresad Rrmad iyo gacno-
bierebuli fizikur sxeulSi sulierebis gamovlenisa da am sxe-
ulis evoluciis saidumlo.
ioanes saxarebaSi andria meored moxseniebulia xuTi aTasi
kacis dapurebis epizodSi:
àRixilna Tualni Tvisni iesu da ixila, rameTu mravali
eri movals misa. hrqua filipes: vinaY viyidoT puri, raiTa Wa-
mon amaT? amas ra etyoda, gamoscdida mas, xolo TviT uwyoda,
raY eguleboda yofad.
hrqua filipe: orasisa drahknisa puri ver kma ars amaTa,
- 230 -
raYTa kacad-kacadman mcired raime miiRos.
hrqua mas erTman mowafeTa misTaganman, andrea, Zmaman si-
mon-petresman:
ars aqa yrmaY, romelsa aqus xuTi puri qrTilisaY da ori
Tevzi, aramed ese raY ars esodenTa winaSe?”14
rogorc vxedavT, macxovari pirvelad mimarTavs filipes,
magram, rogorc irkveva, filipes Zalze rTulad eCveneba xuTi
aTasi kacis dapurebis problemis gadawyveta. mxolod amis Sem-
deg erTveba andria, romelic xedavs problemis gadawyvetis
gzas, magram bolomde arc mas aqvs warmodgenili, Tu ris ga-
keTebas apirebs macxovari.
ezoteruli TvalsazrisiT, xuTi aTasi kacis dapurebis
saswauli warmoadgens mociqulTa mier astralur samyaroSi
gancdil winaswarmetyvelur xats, romelic mianiSnebs war-
Rvnis Semdgomi mexuTe kulturuli epoqis dapurebas qristes
impulsiT.15
ese igi, am epizodSi andria momavali epoqis sulier mokav-
Sired gvevlineba. saswaulSi igi Suamavlis rols TamaSobs.
Zalze niSandoblivia is epizodi, sadac andrias mesamed
vxvdebiT saxeldebiT ioanes saxarebaSi.
ierusalimSi Sesul macxovarTan mividnen warmarTebi (ese
igi, araebraelebi), romlebsac masTan saubari surdaT:
ìyvnes vinme warmarTTagannica aRmosrulnTa maTganni,
raiTa Tayuanis-scen dResaswaulsa mas.
eseni movides filipesa, romeli-igi iyo beTsaidaiT gali-
leaisaiT, da etyodes mas: ufalo, gunebavs iesuisi xilvaY.
mivida filipe da hrqua andreas; da movides andrea da
filipe da hrques iesus.~16
rogorc vxedavT, am epizodSi saubaria macxovris urTi-
erTobaze araebraul samyarosTan (saxarebis zogierT Tar-
gmanSi am epizodSi sityva `warmarTTagannis~ nacvlad vxvdebiT
dasaxelebas — `berZnebi — `dResaswaulze TayvaniscemisaTvis
amosulTa Soris iyvnen berZnebi~)17. Zveli qarTuli gadmoceme-
bis mixedviT, am warmarTTa Soris mcxeTelebic iyvnen.
am SemTxvevaSi sainteresoa ara Targmanis sizustis lite-
raturuli mxare, aramed sasuliero wreebSi arsebuli ganwyo-
bileba, rom am warmarTTa Soris TavianTi winaprebic egulaT.
rogorc vxedavT, gansaxilvel epizodSi andria filipesTan
erTad gvevlineba rogorc macxovarTan damakavSirebeli rgo-
li warmarTuli samyarosTvis.
- 231 -
berZnebma (anu warmarTebma) pirvelad filipes sTxoves
daxmareba. rogorc irkveva, filipem sakuTar Tavze ver aiRo
aseTi amocanis Sesruleba da daxmarebisaTvis andrias mimarTa.
macxovarTan orive erTad midis danabarebis gadasacemad.
aSkarad TvalSi sacemia samive ganxilul epizodSi arse-
buli saerTo kanonzomiereba: samive SemTxvevaSi andria gvev-
lineba rogorc damakavSirebeli pirovneba da, amave dros,
igi moqmedebs ara damoukideblad, aramed kidev erT pirovne-
basTan erTad wyvilSi. pirvel epizodSi igi macxovars gahyva
ioane naTlismcemlis kidev erT mowafesTan erTad. marTalia,
misi vinaoba saxarebaSi ar aris miTiTebuli, magram saeklesio
gadmocemis mixedviT, is iyo ioane maxarebeli. meore da mesame
epozodebSi andria moqmedebs filipe mociqulTan erTad da,
amave dros, igi moqmedebaSi erTveba mxolod mas Semdeg, roca
filipes uWirs dakisrebuli amocanis Sesruleba.
albaT, ar iqneba uadgilo, Tu gavarkvevT, ratom mainc-
damainc filipesTan erTad uxdeba damakavSirebeli funqciis
Sesruleba andrias. gavixsenoT, Tu rogor movida filipe mo-
ciqulTa wreSi:
saxarebaSi konkretulad ar aris saubari filipes winare
biografiis Sesaxeb, magram naTlad ki mieniSneba, rom macxo-
varTan Sexvedramde igi garkveul sulier moRvaweobas eweoda
naTanaelTan erTad. filipe warmoSobiT, andrias da petres
msgavsad, beTsaididan iyo. andriasa da petresgan gansxvavebiT,
mas Tavad mouwoda ufalma, raTa gahyoloda.
`xvalisagan unda iesus ganslvad galilead da pova filipe
da hrqua mas iesu: momdevdi me.
xolo iyo filipe beTsaidaiT, qalaqisagan andreaisa da pe-
tresa.
pova filipe naTanael da hrqua mas: romeli-igi dawera
mose sjulsa da winaswarmetyvelTa, vpoeT: iesu, Ze iosebisi,
nazareTiT.
da hrqua mas naTanael: nazareTiT SesaZlebel arsa keTil-
isa raisame yofad? hrqua mas filipe: moved da ixile.
ixila ra iesu naTanael, momavali misa, da Tqua misTvis: aha
WeSmaritad israiteli, romlisa Tana zakuvaY ara ars.
hrqua mas naTanael: vina mici me? miugo iesu da hrqua mas:
pirvel filipes xmobadmde Senda, iyav raY leRusa queSe, gix-
ile Sen.
miugo mas naTanael da hrqua: rabi, Sen xar Ze RmrTisaY, Sen
- 232 -
xar meufe israelisaY.
miugo iesu da hrqua mas, rameTu: garqu Sen, viTarmed: gix-
ile Sen leRusa queSe, da grwams. ufroisi amaTsa ixilo.~18
naTanaelisa da macxovris warmodgenil dialogSi naT-
ladaa gadmocemuli, Tu xeldasxmis ra formasa da safexurs
flobs naTanaeli. teqstidan irkveva, rom filipe da naTa-
naeli erToblivad ewevian garkveul sulier cxovrebas. maT
SesaniSnavad ician ebrauli rjuli da mosesa da winaswarme-
tyvelTa werilebis mixedviT, kidec moelian mesias. filipes
cnobas mesiis povnis Sesaxeb naTanaeli eWviT xvdeba, radgan
Zveli ebrauli rwmeniT mesia beTlemidan unda mosuliyo da
ara nazareTidan. amitomac kiTxulobs naTanaeli: `nazareTiT
SesaZlebel arsa keTilisa raisame yofad?”
warmodgenil epizodSi cnobili sulieri terminebis gamo-
yenebiT gadmocemulia, rom naTanaeli da filipe warmomadgen-
lebi arian im ebrauli misteriuli nakadisa, romelic egvip-
turi samyarodan momdinareobs da leRvis xis misteriebad
iwodeba. swored amitomac mianiSnebs macxovari, rom man naTa-
naeli filipes daZaxebamde leRvis xis qveS dainaxa. rogorc
cnobilia, am leRvis xis problema sabolood macxovris ieru-
salimSi Sesvlis Semdeg irkveva, roca mas gaxmoba ganesazRvra.
leRvis xem ver SeZlo saTanado nayofis gamoReba.
leRvis xis misteriebSi neofits sulier srulyofile-
bamde Svidi safexuri SeeZlo gaevlo. yovel safexurs sa-
Tanado saxeli da mniSvneloba hqonda. yvelaze dabal, pirvel
safexurze myof neofits `yorani~ ewodeboda. Semdeg modioda
òkultistis~ safexuri. mesame da meoTxe safexurebs Sesa-
bamisad ewodebodaT `damcveli~ da `lomi~. mexuTe safexurze
myofi xeldasxmuli ukve imgvar sulier Zalebs flobda, rom
mas SeeZlo mTeli Tavisi arsebiT moecva sakuTari eris koleq-
tiuri suli. igi ukve erovnuli sulis mesaidumle da misi dam-
cvelia. am rangis xeldasxmuls ewodeboda Tavisi eris saxeli,
ebraul misteriebSi `WeSmariti ebraeli~, egvipturSi `WeSma-
riti egvipteli~ da a.S.
swored leRvis xis misteriebis mexuTe safexuris xeldas-
xmuls warmoadgenda naTanaeli, romelzedac macxovari ambobs:
àha WeSmaritad israiteli~. macxovris sulieri WvretiT gao-
cebuli naTanaeli varaudobs, rom mis winaSe dgas umaRlesi,
anu meSvide safexuris xeldasxmuli da amitomac amgvarad
gamoTqvams Tavis `mixvedrilobas”: `rabi, Sen xar Ze RmrTisaY,
- 233 -
Sen xar meufe israelisaY~.
swored meSvide safexuris xeldasxmas ewodeba `mefe~ (me-
eqvse safexuri `mzis mxedaria~. zog SemTxvevaSi meSvide safe-
xurad `mefis~ nacvlad ixsenieba `mama~).
ra Tqma unda, macxovari ar aris meSvide rangis xeldas-
xmuli, rogorc es naTanaels hgonia, magram naTanaelisaTvis
amis gageba jer kidev naadrevia. amitomac macxovari iqve mia-
niSnebs: ùfroisi amaTsa ixilo~.
ganxiluli epizodidan irkveva, rom naTanaeli da filipe
momdinareoben im ebrauli misteriebidan, romlebic egvipturi
warmoSobisaa da leRvis xis misteriebad iwodebian. swored am
sulieri skolis saSualebiT gaido xidi warmaval egviptur da
momaval ebraul misteriul cxovrebas Soris. faqtobrivad,
warRvnisSemdgomi mesame, anu egvipturi kulturidan ebrae-
lebma leRvis xis misteriebi meoTxe kulturaSi gadaitanes.
am TvalsazrisiT, aRniSnulma misteriam erTgvarad daakavSira
mesame da meoTxe kulturuli epoqebi. imave leRvis xisagan
berZnebic arian davalebulni. maTi sulieri cxovrebac sak-
maod didi doziT ikvebeboda egvipturi warmodgenebiT. miTo-
suri azrovnebis safexurze SeiZleba gavixsenoT, rom Tavisi
iniciaciis erT-erT safexurze odisevsi mTeli Ramis ganmav-
lobaSi leRvis xeze ekida.19
Tu kvlav gansaxilvel saxarebiseul epizods davubrun-
debiT, Zneli araa garkveva, Tu ratom mividnen macxovarTan
Sesaxvedrad mosuli berZnebi swored filipesTan. isini Ta-
vianTi misteriuli poziciidan cdilobdnen problemis gadaw-
yvetas, filipeSi xedavdnen im Zalas, romelsac SeeZlo ber-
ZnebisaTvis damakavSirebeli rgolis movaleoba Seesrulebina,
iseve, rogorc odesRac es misia leRvis xis misteriam Seas-
rula. iqve irkveva, rom filipes Zalisxmeva ukve aRar aris sak-
marisi. momavalSi, anu V kulturul epoqaSi damakavSirebeli
rgolis funqcia ukve andriasTvisaa gankuTvnili. amitomac
`mivida filipe da hrqua andreas; da movides andrea da filipe
da hrques iesus~.
rogorc vxedavT, saxarebis samive epizodSi, sadac saubaria
andriaze, igi gamokveTilad or samyaros Soris idumali mokav-
Siris saxiT gvevlineba. swored amitomac, sruliad bunebrivad
gamoiyureba, rom swored andria pirvelwodebulia rogorc
skviTebis, aseve qarTvelebis ganmanaTlebeli mociquli.
skviTebs CrdiloeTidan samxreTisaken, kavkasiamde moaqvT Ta-
- 234 -
vianTi uZvelesi misteriuri monapovrebi, romelTa Sorisac
did adgils adamianis fizikuri sxeulis evoluciis mistikuri
gancda ikavebs. analogiurive nakadi, gancdili samxreTul
misteriebSi, warmodgenili ioane naTlismcemlis moRvaweobis
saxiT, miemarTeba samxreTidan CrdiloeTisaken. qristianul
mrwamsTan erTad, am impulsebis umTavresi gadamtani ioane
naTlismcemlisa da macxovris saerTo mowafe andria pirvel-
wodebulia. Crdilouri da samxreTuli misteriebi kavkasiaSi
xvdebian erTmaneTs.
amis garda, rogorc oqros sawmisTan dakavSirebiT iyo
aRniSnuli, im etapze swored qarTuli kultura warmodga
rogorc SemaerTebeli rgoli or grandiozul epoqas Soris.
misi meSveobiT warmatebiT ganxorcielda egvipturi kulturis
berZnuliT Secvlis procesi. qarTuli kulturis erT-erT cen-
tralur misias swored es funqcia gansazRvravs. kacobriobis
istoriis TiTqmis yvela sakvanZo etapze igi gvevlineba warma-
val da momaval kulturebs Soris gadamyvani kulturis saxiT.
- 235 -
Tavi VII
arsukiZis sveticxovlis oqros gonio
§ 1. cisken gawvdili xeli
`qarTlis moqcevis~ mixedviT axal ierusalimad moazre-

bul mcxeTaSi centralur movlenadaa warmodgenili wminda ni-
nos mier sveticxovlis taZris ageba. saRmrTo gangebulebiT es
taZari uSualod uflis kvarTis dafvlis adgilas aigo.
qarTuli qristianuli taZris istoriac sworad IV sauku-
nidan, qarTlis moqcevis pirvelive wlebidan iRebs dasabams.
rogorc `moqceva“ iuwyeba, wminda ninom qarTlSi mosvlis ukve
`meSvidesa welsa mefesa arwmuna saswauliTa qristesmieriTa.
da mwrafl aRaSena eklesiaY quemoY samoTxesa Sina.~1
wminda ninos mier mcxeTaSi agebuli sveticxovlis xis
taZari swored pirveli qristianuli taZaria qarTlSi.
am taZris mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebuli movlenebi sak-
maod vrcladaa moTxrobili wminda ninos moRvaweobisa da qar-
Tlis moqcevis amsaxvel werilobiT wyaroebSi. rogorc Cans,
pirveli sveticxovlis ageba mniSvnelovani movlena yofila ara
mxolod qarTlSi, aramed, saerTod, imdroindel qristianul
samyaroSic. ukve IV saukunis meore naxevrisa da V saukunis ber-
Znul-romaul werilobiT wyaroebSi mravalgzis moixsenieba am
mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebuli movlenebi. gelasi kesarielis,
rufinusis, Teodorite kirselis, sokrat sqolastis da sxvaTa
naSromebSi mocemulia pirveli sveticxovlis mSeneblobasTan
dakavSirebuli ambavi.2 maTi monacemebi, marTalia, principu-
lad ar ewinaaRmdegebian erTmaneTs, magram erTi ram mainc
sruliad aSkarad igrZnoba: yoveli maTganisTvis ZiriTadi in-
formaciuli wyaro qarTuli samyarodan momdinareobs (gelasi
kesarieli amis Sesaxeb Tavadac miuTiTebs).
V saukuneSi gorgasalma igive adgilas didi bazilika aaSena.
XI saukunis dasawyisSi mcxeTaSi uflis kvarTis saflavze
ukve mesame sveticxovlis taZari aRimarTa. igi melqisedek kaTa-
likosis dros iqna agebuli xuroTmoZRvar arsukiZis mier.
- 236 -
amjerad gvinda yuradReba mivapyroT Tavad am taZridan
momdinare im impulsebs, romlebic Taviseburad, specifikuri
kuTxiT warmoaCenen sveticxovlis misteriis zogierT mxares.
dasawyisSi gvinda SevexoT gansaxilveli qristianuli taZ-
ris uaRresad Rrma Sinagan kavSirs winareqristianul xuroT-
moZRvrul formebTan da, kerZod, Zveli aRTqmisTvis damaxasi-
aTebel ierusalimis solomonis taZarTan.
marTalia, biblia dawvrilebiT aRwers solomonis taZris
yovel detals, magram misi mSeneblobis istorias lakoniuri
formiT gadmogvcems. am istorias gacilebiT ufro vrclad
exebian is gadmocemebi, romlebic Semdegdroindel sxvadasxva
ezoterul sazogadoebaSia damuSavebuli.
dReisTvis ar moipoveba araviTari werilobiTi wyaro imis
gasarkvevad, Tu ra saxiT iyo cnobili es istoria IV, an Tun-
dac XI saukunis saqarTvelos sasuliero wreebSi. rac Seexeba
im faqts, rom imdroindel saqarTveloSi amgvari misteriuli
codna arsebobda da Tanac igi zedmiwevniT iyo gadaazrebuli
qristianul safuZvelze, amis araviTar eWvs ar gvitovebs arc
Tavad sveticxovlis taZris saxe da arc masTan dakavSirebuli
werilobiTi, Tu gamomsaxvelobiTi wyaroebi.
roca amgvari codna rame garegnuli Zeglis, magaliTad,
taZris formis, an werilobiTi wyaros SinaarsSi vlindeba,
es, cxadia, uSualod mianiSnebs, rom misi Semoqmedi swored
am msoflmxedvelobidan sazrdoobs. ra Tqma unda, xuroTmoZ-
Rvari Tavad ar qmnis amgvar misteriul safuZvlebs. piriqiT,
saukuneebis manZilze dagrovili, Tu RvTaebrivi gamocxadebis
saxiT miRebuli sibrZne xuroTmoZRvrebaSi mxolod gamJRav-
ndeba, magram im TaviseburebiT, rom aq am sibrZnes adamianuri
qmedebac emateba da gamTlianebuli saxiT qvidan qvaSi gadadis,
formidan formaSi ixveweba.
imis gamo, rom dReisTvis ar aris cnobili, Tu ra saxiT
arsebobda solomonis taZris legenda IV-XI saukuneebis saqar-
TveloSi, vfiqrobT, garkveuli miaxloebiT SeiZleba warmodge-
na viqonioT masze, Tuki bibliuri teqstis paralelurad gavix-
senebT zogierT epizods im warmodgenebidan, rac gviani Suasau-
kuneebis evropis qristianul ezoterikaSi iyo SemorCenili.3
roca solomoni ierusalimis taZris mSeneblobas Seudga, mas
daviTis gamocxadebis saxiT ukve miRebuli hqonda codna taZris
detaluri aRwerilobis Sesaxeb. solomons mouxda im xuroTmoZ-
Rvaris moZebna, visac SeeZlo RvTiT boZebuli idea realobad eq-
- 237 -
cia. es misia daekisra tvirosis (finikiis) mefis xuramis gamogzav-
nil Semoqmeds, romlis saxelic aseve xurami iyo. xuramma Sesa-
niSnavad gaarTva Tavi rTul amocanas da daviTis gamocxadebiT
mocemuli taZari realur planSi ganaxorciela.
am bibliur epozodSi simbolurad dafiqsirda udidesi mis-
teriuli faqti, rac jer kidev abelisa da kaenis dapirispire-
bis problemidan iRebs saTaves. solomoni adamis modgmis im
Stos ekuTvnis, romelic abelidan momdinareobs. ese igi, igi
seTis STamomavalia. am STamomavlobis yvela warmomadgeneli
`RvTis Svilad~ iwodeba. abelur xazs miemadla is `wmidaTa
wmida~, rac aRTqmis kidobanSi inaxeboda da swored am xazis
misias Seadgenda taZris Sinagani arsis mSenebloba, maSin, roca
kaenis STamomavlebi, romlebic `cecxlis Svilebad~ iwodebian,
pirvel rigSi, am taZris garegan formas qmnian.
abeli mwyemsia da misi valia daicvas da amravlos is fara,
romelic RvTiT eboZa, xolo kaeni miwaTmoqmedia da igi sak-
uTari SromiT amuSavebs miwas, raTa iqidan mosavali moiwios.
amitomac, swored kaenis STamomavlobam moitana qveynad yovel-
gvari adamianuri Semoqmedeba. mecnierebis, teqnikisa da xe-
lovnebis yvela dargs swored isini iTviseben da aviTareben.
ramdenadac kaenis STamomavalTa saqmianobaSi Warbadaa ada-
mianuri qmedebis elementebi, ramdenadac TavianT Semoqmedeba-
Si isini ufro xSirad eyrdnobian adamianur, miwier codnasa da
gamocdilebas, cxadia, maT qmedebaSi, Sesabamisad, metia cod-
vis Cadenis SesaZleblobac. amitomac biblia miwier sferoSi
qmedebaTa Jams didi sifrTxilisken mogviwodebs. kaens saku-
Tari Zmis sisxli awevs mZime codvad. am codvisagan gamoxsna ki
mxolod golgoTaze xerxdeba. swored macxovarSi xdeba aRniS-
nuli ori nakadis WeSmariti SeerTeba. manamde ki, solomonis
taZris mSeneblobisas, es ori nakadi pirvelad xvdeba erT-
maneTs, isini pirvelad mJRavndebian saerTo qmedebaSi. imis-
Tvis, rom taZari realurad aSendes, solomoni, romelic abe-
lis STamomavalia, iZulebulia, moiwvios kaenis STamomavali
— xuroTmoZRvari xurami, romelic mflobelia im adamianuri
codnisa, rac aucilebelia taZris asagebad.
golgoTamde jer kidev didi droa darCenili. amitomac,
miuxedavad imisa, rom taZari brwyinvaled igeba, solomonsa da
xurams Soris mSvidobiani urTierToba mainc ver myardeba.
bibliuri teqstisgan gansxvavebiT, `taZris legenda~ ufro
met yuradRebas amaxvilebs xuramis pirovnebaze. am legendis
- 238 -
mixedviT, solomonisa da xuramis konfliqtis mTavari mizezi
arabeTidan mosuli sabas dedofalia, romelic ierusalimSi
stumrad imyofeba solomonTan. am dros taZari damTavrebis
stadiaSia. dedofali aRfrTovanebulia taZris didebulebiT
da xuroTmoZRvris gacnobas moisurvebs. dedofalze xuramic
did STabeWdilebas axdens, rac solomonis eWvis mizezi Seiq-
mneba. dedofali solomons sTxovs sxva mSeneblebic aCvenos,
magram irkveva, rom mefes ar SeuZlia am survilis Sesruleba.
maSin xurami adis qvaze da marjvena xeliT haerSi gamosaxavs
simbolur niSans `tau~-s (T). mis irgvliv maSinve Segrovdebi-
an taZris mSeneblebi. gadmocemis mixedviT, kaenis erT-erTma
STamomavalma mafusailma Seqmna anbanis wminda asoebi da sim-
boluri niSani T (`tau~), romlis mixedviTac erTmaneTs scnob-
dnen `cecxlis Svilebi~.
solomons eSinia ar dakargos dedoflis siyvaruli da
amitomac xels ar uSlis im sam xelosans, romlebmac xuramis
daRupva gadawyvites.
mSeneblobis ukanasknel dRes, rodesac solomoni da sa-
bas dedofali xuramis mier `spilenZis zRvis~ Camosxmis pro-
cess eswrebian, riTac mTavrdeba taZris mSenebloba, aRmoCnda,
rom SeTqmulebs Senadnobis Semadgenloba daurRveviaT da ga-
varvarebuli masa formidan gadmoiRvara. damswreebma mxolod
gaqceviT uSveles Tavs. xuramma wyliT scada cecxlis Caqroba,
magram amiT kidev ufro gaarTula mdgomareoba. wyali maSinve
gavarvarebul orTqlad gadaiqca. ubedurebaSi martod darCe-
nil xurams cecxlidan moesma xma, romelic mouwodebda cec-
xlSi gadaSvebuliyo. xurami asec moiqca da igi cecxlovani
gziT uvneblad daeSva dedamiwis centrSi, sadac Tubal-kaenma
igi kaens warudgina. xurami aq xeldasxmas iRebs kaenisgan. mas
gadaecema sami saidumlo sityva, kaenis gonio da CaquCi. dedami-
waze dabrunebuli xurami am CaquCiT aRadgens `spilenZis zRvas~
da amiT sabolood mTavrdeba ierusalimis taZris mSenebloba.
xurami, marTalia, dedoflis siyvaruls imsaxurebs, magram
SeTqmuli xelosnebi mainc axerxeben mis mokvlas. sikvdilamde
xuroTmoZRvarma WaSi gadamala is gonio, romelsac Tan atareb-
da da romelzedac amotvifruli iyo ostatis saidumlo sityva.
swored am legendidan momdinareobs is faqti, rom Sua-
saukuneebidan moyolebuli, dasavleTis bevri ezoteruli or-
denis umTavres simbolos swored gonio da CaquCi warmoad-
gens.
- 239 -
Tu mcxeTis sveticxovelTan dakavSirebul movlenebs ga-
vixsenebT, advilad SevamCnevT, rom rogorc wminda ninos moR-
vaweobis amsaxvel teqstebSi, aseve arsukiZis agebul sveti-
cxovelSi naTlad warmoCindeba solomonis taZarTan dakav-
Sirebuli motivebi.
roca wminda nino sveticxovlis taZris mSeneblobas
Seudga, man Svidi sveti moamzada aRsamarTavad. maTgan erTi
sruliad gansakuTrebuli iyo. eqvsi sveti advilad aRmarTes
mSeneblebma, meSvides aRmarTva ki maTTvis SeuZlebeli aRmoC-
nda. roca daRamda, wminda nino Tavis mowafebTan erTad darCa
mSeneblobis adgilas. man mTeli Rame locvaSi gaatara. RamiT
maT saocari xilva hqondaT. dainaxes, rom uecrad sparsTa
laSqari Semoesia mcxeTas.
`da vidre arRa eyivna qaTamsa, samTave karTa sca zarsa
laSqarman Zlierman da dalewnes karni qalaqisani da aRivso
qalaqi sparsTa laSqriTa da meyseulad Seiqmnnes zaris aR-
saxdelni zrinvani, da yivilni da klvaY erisaY, viTarmca sisx-
li dioda. . . “4
Semdeg moTxrobilia sparsTa laSqris mier qalaqis
ganadgurebisa da mefis Sepyrobis Sesaxeb, magram iqve irkveva,
rom es movlenac mxolod warmosaxviTia da realur, fizikur
planSi ar xdeba. amave dros wminda nino hmadlobs RmerTs
yovelive amisTvis, radgan es iyo niSani `qarTlisa cxorebisaY
da amis adgilisa didebisaY“.
wminda nino amgvarad mimarTavs momxvdur laSqars:
`sada arian mefeni sparsTani xuara da xuan xuara? sabas-
taniT guSin warmoxuediTa? male moxuediT. da didad same ars
laSqari, uzomo vidreme xarT, da Zlierad dahleweT qalaqi
ese, maxvili daeciT. ubrZaneb qarTa da niavTa: warvediT bnelTa
CrdiloisaTa, mTaTa maT kedarisaTa. aqa movida igi, romelsa
Tquen evltodeT. da ganZra marjuene Tvisi da daswera xeliTa
saxe juarisaY da meyseulad uCino iqmna yoveli igi simravle
erisaY . . .~
am epizodSi mocemulia ramdenime uaRresad mniSvnelovani
sulieri xati. rogorc wminda nino aRniSnavs, Zala, romel-
mac mamlis yivilamde qalaqis samive kari dalewa, sabastanidan
movida.
ras SeiZleba mianiSnebdes sabastanidan mosuli sparsTa
laSqari, romelsac erTdroulad ori mefe — xuara da xuaran
xuara meTaurobda? (marTalia, wminda ninos mimarTvaSi moixse-
- 240 -
nieba xuara da xuan xuara, magram iqve dazustebulia, rom me-
ore mefis saxeli xuaran xuaraa — àmas brZanebs mefe sparsTa
xuara da mefeT-mefe xuaran xuara~).
sabastani bibliaSicaa moxsenebuli da igi teritoriulad
ukavSirdeba samxreT arabeTs. ase rom, erTi SexedviT Zalze uc-
naurad gamoiyureba, rom sparsTa laSqari samxreT arabeTidan
movida mcxeTaSi da Tanac wina dRes wamovida iqidan. sinamdvile-
Si, cxadia, aq araviTar realur-istoriul movlenaze ar aris
saubari da mocemuli epizodic mxolod imaginaciuri xatia.
`qarTlis moqcevis~ teqsti uaRresad lakoniurobiT gamo-
irCeva da, cxadia, aseT mniSvnelovan epizodSi ori sakuTari
saxelis moxseneba ar unda iyos SemTxveviTi movlena.
radgan sparsTa laSqari ganasaxierebs im Zalas, romelic
am adgilis didebisTvis lewavs qalaqis samive kars, unda viva-
raudoT, rom am laSqris winamZRoli mefeebic simbolurad ra-
Rac gansakuTrebul individualobebs unda ganasaxierebdnen.
aSkaraa, rom, radgan meore mefis dasaxelebisas misi titu-
li aRmatebiT xarisxSi mefeT-mefed moixsenieba, aseve gaor-
magebulia wina mefis saxeli xuara da swored am xerxiT iwar-
moeba saxeli xuaran xuara.
risTvis unda yofiliyo saWiro laSqris winamZRolebad ori
erTmaneTis msgavsi saxelis mqone mefis dasaxeleba da Tanac
erTi mefisTvis ufro maRali titulis miniWeba meoresTan Se-
darebiT? vfiqrobT, es alegoriac bibliidan momdinareobs da
kvlav solomonis taZris istorias ukavSirdeba.
Zveli aRTqmis mixedviT, roca taZris aSeneba gadawyvita,
`SeuTvala solomonma xurams, tvirosis mefes: rogorc mamaCems
daviTs eqceodi da naZvebs ugzavnidi misi sacxovrebeli saxlis
asaSeneblad, mec ase momeqecio~.5 `xuramma, tvirosis mefem, weri-
liT upasuxa solomons da SeuTvala: . . . kurTxeul iyos ufali,
RmerTi israelisa, romelmac Seqmna ca da miwa, romelmac mefe
daviTs brZeni, Wkviani da gonieri vaJi uboZa, romelic aSenebs
saxls uflisaTvis da samefo saxls TavisTvis. axla ki gigzavni
brZensa da gamocdil kacs — xuram-abis, daneli qalis Zes, mamiT
tvirosels, romelmac icis oqros, vercxlis, spilenZis, rki-
nis, qvis, xis, Zoweuli da lurji narTebis, selisa da yirmizis
damuSaveba, yovelgvari CuqurTmis kveTa, yvela Canafiqris gan-
saxorcieleblad, rac ki daevaleba Sens xelosnebTan da Cemi
batonis, daviTis, xelosnebTan erTad~.6
rogorc vxedavT, solomonis taZris asagebad tvirosis
- 241 -
mefe xurami ierusalimSi gzavnis xuroTmoZRvars, romlis
saxelic aseve xuramia.
vfiqrobT, mcxeTis karTa damlewi laSqris winamZRolebis
saxelebi swored aqedanaa nawarmoebi. cxadia, laSqars xuroT-
moZRvari ver uwinamZRolebda da amitomac simbolurad isic
mefedaa moxsenebuli, magram bibliaSi mocemuli mimarTeba rom
daculiyo, meore mefeze misi daqvemdebareba imiTaa naCvenebi,
rom igi mefeT-mefed moixsenieba.
bibliuri xuroTmoZRvari xurami ar qmnis solomonis taZ-
ris sulier arss. igi daviT mefes RvTiT eboZa. xurami mxolod
miwier planSi agebs taZars, mxolod mis garegan arss moicavs.
amis analogiurad, mcxeTaSi xuaras winamZRolobiT mosuli
sparsTa laSqari simbolurad swored im Zalas ganasaxierebs,
romelic am adgilis didebisTvis mis damabrkolebel gare-
mos gardaqmnis — samive garss (samive kars) amsxvrevs da mcxe-
Tas RvTaebrivi madlis misaRebad amzadebs. am Zalebis Zveli
aRTqmiseuli xasiaTi imiTac mieniSneba, rom sparsTa laSqari
Tavisi xasiaTiT erTgvarad mainc dapirispirebul Zalas gana-
saxierebs.
magram ratom modis sparsTa laSqari maincdamainc sabas-
tanidan?
irkveva, rom bibliaSi swored solomonis taZris mSeneb-
lobasTan dakavSirebiT gvxvdeba es dasaxeleba. ierusalimSi
swored sabastanis dedofali Cadis arabeTidan (sabaze spar-
suli enisTvis damaxasiaTebeli bolosarT “stan~-is darTviT
miiReba sityva, romelic “sabas qveyanas~ Seesabameba). `qarTlis
moqcevis~ avtori saocari sizustiT atarebs am paralels.
`qarTlis moqcevis~ avtori kidev erTi mniSvnelovani
StrixiT azustebs xuramis suraT-xats. taZris mSeneblobas da
saerTod mirian mefis moqcevas win uswrebs erTi aseTi epi-
zodi:
qarTlSi moRvaweobidan eqvsi wlis Semdeg wminda ninom
qristes ZaliT gankurna nana dedofali, riTac misi didi
ndoba daimsaxura. amis Semdeg aseve mZimed avad Seiqmna dedo-
fal nanas dedis Zma — sparsi mogvi mTavari, romlis saxelic
aseve xuara iyo (`da Semdgomad misa mogvi mTavari sparsi xuara
sneul iyo, suliTa ukeTuriTa ficxlad iguemeboda, sikudid
miwevnul iyo~).7
nana dedofalma da mirianma sTxoves wminda ninos
ganekurna sneuli mogvi. wminda ninom waiyvana sneuli da
- 242 -
samoTxed wodebul baRSi `naZuTa maT queSe, daadgina igi da
aRmosavliT aRpyrobad-scna xelni misni. da aTqumia samgzis:
`vijmni Sengan, eSmako, da Seudgebi qristesa, Zesa RmrTisasa ...
da mwrafl ganvida suli igi boroti. da daemowafa wmidasa
ninos igi da yoveli saxli misi, da adidebda RmerTsa, mamasa
da Zesa da wmidasa sulsa, romlisa ars dideba ukuniTi uku-
nisamde, amen~.
rogorc vxedavT, am epizodSi moTxrobilia sparsi mogvi
mTavris xuaras qristianad moqcevis Sesaxeb. ra Tqma unda,
spars mefeTa saxelebTan aseve sparsi mTavris saxelis xu-
aras damTxveva sulac ar niSnavs, rom es mTavari, pirdapiri
gagebiT, igive is sparsi mefea, romelic sparseTis jarTan er-
Tad movida sabastanidan, magram arc is iqneba swori, Tu am
damTxvevas mxolod SemTxveviTobas mivawerT. am SemTxvevaSic
saxeze gvaqvs paraleluri warmosaxviTi xati. bibliuri xura-
mis xelmZRvanelobiT qarTlis didebisTvis mosuli laSqari
mxolod Zveli aRTqmiseuli niSnebiT ar gamoirCeva. es Zala,
iseve rogorc sazogadod Zveli aRTqma, marTalia, winaswar
Semamzadebel saSualebas warmoadgens qristianuli mrwamsis
damkvidrebisTvis, magram radgan mcxeTis movlenebi golgo-
Tis jvarcmis Semdeg xdeba, `moqcevis~ avtori xuaras moqcevis
imaginaciiT mianiSnebs, rom es momamzadebeli sulieri Zala
amave dros qristianul impulssac Seicavs.
aqve albaT aucilebelia isic gairkves, Tu ras mianiSnebs
sabas dedoflis `saidumloebis alegoria~.
sabas dedofali simbolurad ganasaxierebs RvTaebriv si-
brZnes — sofias. aqedan gamomdinare, xuramisagan misi siyvaru-
lis damsaxureba mianiSnebs xuroTmoZRvris ziarebas RvTae-
briv sibrZnesTan. marTalia, sofiasTan miaxleba xuramisTvis
realur planSi tragikulad mTavrdeba, magram iqve isicaa mi-
TiTebuli, rom es ziareba momavalSi gamoiRebs nayofs.
taZris legenda Zalze datvirTulia sakraluri sim-
boloebiT, magram amjerad arc misi sruli saxiT gadmocemas
da, miT umetes, arc misi Sinaarsis ganxilvas, cxadia, ar va-
pirebT. mxolod is ZiriTadi aspeqtebi gvindoda gamogveyo,
romlebic sveticxovelTan dakavSirebiTac cxadad warmoCin-
deba.
vfiqrobT, sveticxovlisa da solomonis taZrebis Rrma Si-
nagani kavSiri Tavis droze maxvilgonivrulad ganWvrita Cven-
ma didma mweralma konstantine gamsaxurdiam. cxadia, mis ro-
- 243 -
mans `didostatis marjvenas~ ara aqvs mecnieruli gamokvlevis
pretenzia da amitomac amgvari Wvreta, ZiriTadad, mxatvruli
intuiciis doneze vlindeba.
romanis erT-erTi gmiri, mefe giorgi I, uaRresad naTel
pirovnebadaa warmodgenili, magram, miuxedavad qveynisadmi
uangaro samsaxurisa da Tavdadebisa, masac aqvs adamianuri
sisusteebi. masac uxdeba angariSi gauwios Tavis adamianur
grZnobebs, romlebic misgan miwieri siyvarulisaken gadaWar-
bebul ltolvas moiTxoven.
mefes saqarTvelos umTavresi taZris mSenebloba gadau-
wyvetia da amisTvis iseT xuroTmoZRvars eZebs, romelsac am
rTuli amocanis Sesruleba SeeZleba. xuroTmoZRvari arsukiZe
brwyinvaled arTmevs Tavs dakisrebul misias, magram mefesTan
dapirispirebas mainc ver ascdeba. mefesac da xuroTmoZRvar-
sac erTi da igive qali — Sorena uyvarT, is ki arCevans xuroT-
moZRvris sasargeblod akeTebs.
mefes moswons arsukiZis agebuli sveticxoveli, magram
mainc ver iokebs mrisxanebas da udanaSaulo xuroTmoZRvars
dasaRupavad gaimetebs.
vfiqrobT, swored solomonis taZris legendidan momdi-
nare impulsebi warmoadgenen STagonebis erT-erT umTavres
wyaros am siuJetis qargilisaTvis.
romanis erT-erT inspiratorad moxsenebulia erTi pata-
ra sevdiani xalxuri leqsi, romelic epigrafad uZRvis kidec
konstantine gamsaxurdias romans:
`xekorZulas wyali misvams,

mcxeTa ise amigia,
damiWires, mklavi momWres,
ratom kargi agigia.~
marTalia, es leqsi xalxurad iTvleba, magram ukve is faqti,

rom igi ase didxans SemorCenia xalxur mexsierebas, gvafiqre-
binebs, rom meti yuradRebiT movekidoT mis gaazrebas.
ra Tqma unda, sruliad dasaSvebia, rom igi pirdapiri
mniSvnelobiTac iqnas gagebuli. miT umetes, amgvari gage-
bisas igi bunebrivad ukavSirdeba sveticxovlis CrdiloeT
fasadze arsebul bareliefs, romelzedac, marTlac, mklavia
gamosaxuli. iqve warwerac iuwyeba: `xeli monisa arsukiZisa,
SeundeT~.
- 244 -
aseve bunebrivia STabeWdileba, rom moyvanili leqsi-
ca da bareliefic raRac erTsa da imave istoriul faqtze
mogviTxroben. gamoTqmula azric, rom bareliefiT gamowveu-
li asociaciidan gamomdinare, es leqsi mogvianebiT Seqmna
xalxurma fantaziam.
leqsis mcire zomis miuxedavad, masTan dakavSirebiT da-
sawyisSive ibadeba ramdenime kiTxva.
xekorZulas xeoba mcxeTidan moSorebiT, mtkvris gaRma
napirze mdebareobs. mdinare xekorZula mcxeTidan 6-7 kilo-
metris moSorebiT uerTdeba mtkvars.
maS, ras unda niSnavdes, rom arsukiZe mcxeTidan 6-7 kilo-
metris moSorebiT svamda wyals da mcxeTas ise agebda?
SesaZloa, arsukiZe im dros xekorZulaSi cxovrobda, ma-
gram sakiTxavia, Tu riT aris es faqti imdenad mniSvnelovani,
rom erTstrofian leqsSi ase xazgasmulad yofiliyo aRniS-
nuli.
aseve sainteresoa, ras unda niSnavdes naTqvami — `mcxeTa
ise amigia~. ratom aris gaigivebuli mcxeTisa da sveticxovlis
ageba?
kritikulad ganwyobil gonebas erTi seriozuli winaaR-
mdegoba moxvdeba TvalSi: bareliefi, romelic xuroTmoZRvris
xelis mokveTis ambavs ìuwyeba~ da amas leqsis bolo nawilic
adasturebs, moTavsebulia frontonis TaRis qveS. ese igi, es
qva maSin unda yofiliyo Cadgmuli, roca taZris iseTi serio-
zuli nawili, rogoricaa taZris yeli da gumbaTi, jer ar iyo
agebuli. Tu xuroTmoZRvari dasajes, maSin taZris darCenili
- 245 -
nawili sxvas unda aeSenebina, xolo Tavad bareliefi dasjis
Semdeg unda Seqmniliyo. aseT SemTxvevaSi ki, cxadia, igi Se-
nobaSi veRar moxvdeboda.
cxadia, SeuZlebelia erTstrofian leqsSi aseTi gauge-
broba iyos da amas saukuneebis manZilze ver amCnevdnen.
vfiqrobT, arc leqsSi da arc bareliefSi ar aris ara-
viTari gaugebroba, Tuki orive maTgani swored Tanadrouli,
maTi WeSmariti sulieri mniSvnelobiT iqneba wakiTxuli.
mxatvruli alegoria imxanad mTlianad bibliur tradicias
eyrdnoboda. am tradiciiT ki yovelgvar alegoriul TxrobaSi
pirveladi mniSvneloba mis sulier Sinaarss eniWeboda da mxo-
lod Semdeg — istoriuls. yoveli Txrobis umTavres mizansac
is warmoadgenda, rom msmenelSi aRebeWda is imaginaciuri saxe-
ebi, romlebic mas swored `saidumloebis alegoriis”8 gziT
WeSmarit sulier RirebulebebTan miaaxlebda.
vfiqrobT, gansaxilveli leqsic da bareliefic imxa-
nad cocxali misteriis, sveticxovlis misteriis xatovani
anareklebia, misi `saidumloebis alegoriis~ imaginaciuri
saxeebia.
Tu swored am TvalsazrisiT SevxedavT am patara xalxur
leqss, masSi, marTlac, sakmaod warmoCindebian uaRresad sain-
tereso imaginaciuri saxeebi, romlebic qristianuli mistiki-
sTvis damaxasiaTebeli alegoriebiT vlindebian.
magaliTad, ras SeiZleba niSnavdes leqsis pirvelive ale-
goriuli saxe — xekorZula?
sazogadod, xes, rogorc sulier simbolos, msoflios yve-
la xalxis warmarTul misteriul warmodgenebSi mniSvnelovani
adgili ukavia. jer kidev druidul misteriebSi xis xati mTeli
kosmogoniuri warmodgenis umTavresi elementia. zaratustras
moZRvrebaSi magiuri xe TviT zeciuri samyaros erT-erTi mniS-
vnelovani nawilia da igi varskvlavTa xis saxiTaa moazrebuli.
analogiursave xatovan epizods vxvdebiT berZnul miTosSic
— herakle vaSls moipovebs hesperidebis baRidan. arc induri
religiuri azrovnebaa gulgrili xis simbolikis mimarT — buda
swored bodhis xis qveS axdens meditirebas.
xis alegoria mniSvnelovan adgils ikavebs bibliur war-
modgenaSic. rogorc gveuwyeba, `da dahnerga RmerTman samoTxe
edems aRmosavaliT da dadva mun kaci, romeli Seqmna. da aR-
moacena RmerTman mermeca queyanisagan yoveli xe Suenieri
xilvad da keTili saWmelad da xe cxorebisa saSual samoTxisa
- 246 -
da xe gamomrCevali cnobasa keTilisa da borotisasa.~9
` . . . da amcno ufalman RmerTman adams, metyuelman: yov-
lisagan xisa samoTxisa WamiT sWamo. xolo xisagan cnobadisa
keTilisa da borotisa ara sWamoT misgan, rameTu romelsa
dResa sWamoT misgan, sikudiliT mohkudeT~.10
adamianis codviT dacemis Semdeg, rac dakavSirebuli iyo
xe-cnobadis nayofis WamasTan, adami gamoZevebul iqna samoTxi-
dan, da Tumca, erTi mxriv, igi dasjil iqna Cadenili codvi-
saTvis, meore mxriv, igi gaxda Semcnobeli keTilisa da boro-
tisa, anu rogorc ufali brZanebs, àha adam iqmna viTarca
erTi Cuengani, mecnier keTilisa da borotisa~.11 sxvagvarad
rom vTqvaT, adamianma daiwyo Semecnebis procesi.
rogorc samoTxis xeTa Sesaxeb ioane damaskeli gvauw-
yebs, samoTxeSi àdamiani angelozis msgavsad tkbeboda erTa-
derTi, yvelaze tkbili nayofiT — RmerTis WvretiT, da amiT
sazrdoobda. ai, swored, es iwodeba kidec samarTlianad xed
cxovrebisa, radgan RmerTTan ziarebisa da erTobis sitkboeba
imgvar sicocxles aniWebs yvelas, vinc Rirsi Seiqmneba amisa,
romelsac sikvdili ver Seexeba. amasve uwoda RmerTma `yoveli
xec~, roca Tqva: ` . . . yovlisagan xisa samoTxisa WamiT sWamo
(dab. 2, 16) rameTu TviT RmerTi aris yovelive, romelSic da
romlis mierac `yovelive daemtkica~ (kolas. I, 17).
keTilisa da borotis Secnobis xe aris Wvreta mravalsaxo-
vani saxilvelisa, anu adamianis mier sakuTari bunebis Secnoba.
amgvari Secnoba, romliTac xdeba sakuTari Tavisagan gamov-
lena Semoqmedis didebulebisa, mSvenieria srulyofilTaTvis,
anu RvTis Semecneba-WvretaSi ganmtkicebulTaTvis, romelTac
ara aqvT SiSi dacemisa imis gamo, rom xangrZlivi Zalisxmevis
Sedegad garkveuli Cvevac gamoumuSavebiaT TavisTavis amgvari
Wvretisa. magram aseTi Secnoba sakuTari Tavisa kargi ar aris
imaTTvis, vinc jer gamoucdelia da advilad nebdeba xorciel
siameTa wadils.~12
rogorc vxedavT, xe-cxovrebisa ganasaxierebs adamiani-
saTvis dakargul maradiul cxovrebas, ukvdavebas, xolo xe-
cnobadobisa aris grZnobadi samyaros Semecneba.
gansaxilvel leqsSi mocemuli xis mniSvneloba dazustebu-
lia uaRresad sakraluri niSniT. es aris xekorZula. xekorZu-
las simbolikaSi wamoweulia samoTxis xis is aspeqti, romelic
swored sveticxovlis misterias ukavSirdeba.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, sveticxovlis saswaulebrivad
- 247 -
aRmarTuli sveti uSualo simetriaSia im svetTan, romelic
solomonis taZrisTvis damzadda, magram iq misi gamoyeneba
ver SeZles. Semdeg igive sveti gvevlineba golgoTis jvris
saxiT, sadac macxovari iqna jvarcmuli. imave svetis istoria
jer kidev samoTxis baRidan iwyeba. igi samoTxiseuli xidan
mokveTili totidan momdinareobs.
Tu `qarTlis moqcevidan~ gavixsenebT, sveticxovlis svetic
swored im baRSi mokveTili xisgan mzaddeba, romelsac mcxeTaSi
aseve samoTxis baRi hqvia. amiT erTxel kidev xazgasmulad fiq-
sirdeba cocxali svetis uSualo simetria bibliuri baRidan
momdinare xesTan da am xis Semdgom istoriasTan, rac solomo-
nis taZris svetisa da golgoTis jvris saxiT vlindeba.
igive sulieri paralelebi `qarTlis moqcevaSi”kidev ramde-
nime simboluri niSniTaa mocemuli. maTgan, pirvel rigSi, gvinda
gamovyoT is alegoriuli saxe, rac mcxeTis samoTxed wodebul
baRSi babilos saxiTaa mocemuli. am alegorias kvlav SevexebiT
wminda ninos jvarTan dakavSirebiT, magram amjerad gvinda erT-
erTi aspeqtiT warmovaCinoT misi simboluri mniSvneloba.
babilo aris xed warmodgenili vazi, xe-vazi, rac imagi-
naciurad qmnis xis iseT simbolur saxes, sadac xe da vazi erT-
maneTs erwymis.
babilos adgili gansakuTrebulia mcxeTis samoTxis baRSi
da amitomac mas wminda ninos saswaulebic ukavSirdeba.
mcxeTis samoTxis baRSi, rac imaginaciurad ukavSirdeba
bibliur samoTxis baRs, nayofieri babilos, anu nayofieri
vazis adgilas aRimarTa saswaulebrivi sveti da taZaric iqve
aigo. am gagebiT mieniSneba bibliur sicocxlis xesa da mcxeTis
vazs Soris arsebul Rrma sulier kavSirze.
es xati, cxadia, SemTxveviT ar aris Semotanili teqstSi. io-
ane damaskeli xom gvaswavlis, rom samoTxeSi arsebuli `yoveli
xec~ swored sicocxlis xes uwoda ufalma. ase rom, sulieri
TvalsazrisiT sulac ar aris aucilebeli, rom maincdamainc
am xis moWra da misgan svetis damzadeba iyos moTxrobili.
babilod warmodgenili xe swored im imaginaciur saxes qmnis,
romelic samoTxiseul sicocxlis xes garkveuli aspeqtiT war-
moaCens. mcxeTis samoTxeSi vazi Seerwya sicocxlis xes da igi
babilod warmodga.
ra Tqma unda, korZuli mcenaris yvelaze TvalsaCino ni-
muSi swored vazia. vazi mTlianad dakorZili mcenarea, xolo
radgan mcxeTis samoTxiseuli baRis babilo vazisa da xis er-
- 248 -
Tobad warmodgeba, amitomac swored es xe SeiZleba moviazroT
korZul xed, anu xekorZulad.
amgvar warmosaxvas kidev ufro aZlierebs Semdegi mosazre-
bac: radgan saqme exeba bibliuri edemis xidan totis mokveTis
istoriasac, am movlenasac swored korZuli xisken mivyevarT.
xis korZi umTavresad xom mokveTili totis adgilas Cndeba.
ase rom, xekorZulas imaginaciuri xati am orive aspeqtiT uSu-
alod bibliur sicocxlis xes ukavSirdeba da Sinaarsobriva-
dac sruliad bunebrivia, rom sveticxovlis agebis SemZlebeli
mxolod is xuroTmoZRvari SeiZleba yofiliyo, vinc maradiso-
bis ZalebTan iyo ziarebuli, visac sicocxlis xis wyali esva.
es sicocxlis xe ki mxolod zogadi bibliuri saxiT ki ara,
aramed misi erT-erTi kerZo aspeqtiTac, mcxeTis sveticxov-
lis misteriuli arsidanac warmodgeba.
TavisTavad wylis, rogorc sulieri simbolos mniS-
vnelobac aranakleb mniSvnelovania. marTlmadidebluri ekle-
sia amgvarad ganmartavs am saidumlos:
`qristianuli TvalsazrisiT, mniSvnelovania am simbolikis
sami ZiriTadi mxare. upirveles yovlisa, wyali — es aris pirve-
ladi kosmosuri stiqia. Sesaqmes dasawyisSi . . . `suli RmrTisa
iqceoda zeda wyalsa~ (Sesaqme, I, 2). amave dros, igi simboloa
ngrevisa da sikvdilisa. sicocxlis safuZveli, ganmacxovele-
beli Zala — da sikvdilis safuZveli, damangreveli Zala: ase-
Tia wylis orbunebovani saxe qristianul RvTismetyvelebaSi.
da bolos, wyali — es aris ganwmendis, aRorZinebisa da ganax-
lebis simbolo.~13
vfiqrobT, es ganmarteba raimes damatebas aRarc saWiroebs.
xekorZulas wyali igive sicocxlis wyalia, igive Sesaqmeseuli
wyalia da gamoTqma `xekorZulas wyali misvams~ — uaRresad
Rrma misteriuli aqtis ganmacxadebelia. sveticxovlis taZris
Semoqmedi ara mxolod samoTxiseuli cxovrebis xis ZalebTanaa
ziarebuli, aramed mas srulad aqvs gacnobierebuli is konkre-
tuli misteriuli saidumloc, riTac mcxeTis samoTxis babilo
xasiaTdeba, riTac cocxali sveti wminda ninos vazis jvars
ukavSirdeba.
gansaxilveli leqsis meore striqonis (`mcxeTa ise amigia~)
gasagebad, saWiroa gavixsenoT, Tu rogor aris agebuli mcxeTa.
rogorc naCvenebi iyo, mcxeTa da mTeli misi mimdebare teri-
toriebi TavianTi religiuri kerebiT gaazrebulia rogorc
ierusalimi.
- 249 -
Tavad sveticxovlis taZari swored iseTive adgils ikavebs
am TanwyobaSi, rogoric solomonis taZars gaaCnia ierusalim-
Si. mcxeTis, rogorc àxali ierusalimis~ misteriuli centri,
cxadia, swored sveticxovelia. amitomac mcxeTis yvela wminda
adgilis mimarTeba, pirvel rigSi, sveticxovlis mimarT irkveva.
yoveli maTganis adgili àxal ierusalimSi~ swored sveticxov-
lidan aiTvleba. sveticxovlis taZari awesrigebs da sivrciT
organizacias ukeTebs mcxeTis mimdebare garemos da amitomac
am taZris ageba leqsSi mcxeTis agebasTanaa gaigivebuli.
mcxeTisa da ierusalimis toponimikis SedarebaSi kidev
erTxel naTlad Cans sveticxovlisa da solomonis taZrebis
Sinagani simetria.
kvlav imave ideis gagrZelebas warmoadgens leqsis bolo
striqonebic — `damiWires, mklavi momWres, ratom kargi agigia~.
am tragikul uwyebaSi is dapirispireba irekleba, rac jer
kidev solomonis taZris mSeneblobisas iCens Tavs. miuxedavad
imisa, rom macxovarSi ukve ganxorcielda `RvTis SvilTa~ da
`cecxlis SvilTa~ Serigeba, RvTaebrivi da adamianuri sibrZnec
erT mTlian moZRvrebad gamTlianda, magram realur planSi
arsebuli dapirispireba mainc bolomde ar aris daZleuli.
sazogadod, kacobriobis realuri istoriac xom amis naTeli
dadasturebaa. leqsSi gadmocemuli tragedia erTgvar eqos
warmoadgens im istoriisas, rac solomonis taZarTan dakav-
SirebiT gaTamaSda.
rogorc solomonis taZris legenda mogviTxrobs, mas Sem-
deg, rac SeTqmulebma xurami mokles, igi erT borcvze saidum-
lod damarxes. mSeneblebma SeZles samarxis migneba. gvamis
amoTxrisas ostatebi SeTanxmdnen, rom gasaidumloebis mizniT
gonioze dawerili saidumlo sityva SeecvalaT da pirobiTad
es sityva yofiliyo is, romelic gvamis amoRebisas SemTxveviT
pirvelad warmoiTqmeboda. roca samarxidan xuramis gvami amo-
iRes, dainaxes, rom mis sxeuls Tavi ganeSora. erT-erTma mSen-
ebelma wamoiZaxa: `makbenax~, rac daaxloebiT niSnavs, rom xor-
ci Zvlisagan ganeSora. swored es sityva pirobiTad saidumlo
sityvis Semcvlelad daiTqva.
mcxeTaSi sveticxovlis bareliefze, sadac gonioa gamosa-
xuli, weria: `xeli monisa arsukiZisa, SeundeT.~ xolo legenda
iuwyeba, rom xuroTmoZRvars xeli mokveTes.
rogorc vxedavT, am or tragikul istorias Rrma Sinagani
paraleli gaaCnia.
- 250 -
samoTxis baRSi moikveTa toti, saidanac momdinareobs is
sveti, romelic ver aRimarTa solomonis taZarSi da Semdeg
golgoTis jvrad mogvevlina. aseve mcxeTis samoTxed wodebul
baRSi moikveTa is xe, romlisganac sveticxovlis umTavresi
sveti iqna damzadebuli. aseve xekorZulas wyalTan ziarebuli
Semoqmedisganac ikveTeba mklavi da amis mizezi kargad agebuli
taZaria. magram solomonis taZris istoriisgan gansxvavebiT
qristianuli msoflmxedveloba sruliad axal saidumlosac
gvTavazobs. mkvdari xe, romelzedac macxovari gaakres, mac-
xovris aRdgomis Semdeg ayvavilebuli jvaria, kvlavac cisa
da miwis SemaerTebeli sicocxlis xea da Tavadac axali, mara-
diuli sicocxlis momniWebelia.
sveticxovlis saswaulebrivi svetic swored cocxali xa-
tia am jvrisa.
ase rom, taZris bareliefze gamosaxuli xeli gamxmari
xeli ki araa, aramed cxovrebis xis Zalebs ziarebuli Semoqme-
dis cisken gawvdili xelia. mas xom taZris agebisas xekorZulas
wyali usvams da amitomac RvTaebrivi xeldasxmis niSnad zeci-
dan gadaecema am xeldasxmis tradiciuli simbolo — gonio.
aqve aucilebelia aRiniSnos, rom misgan gansxvavebiT, so-
lomonis taZris xuroTmoZRvars xurams igive gonio miwis wi-
aRSi gadaecema kaenisgan. es gansxvaveba uaRresad niSandoblivi
faqtia, rac imas mianiSnebs, rom sveticxovlis bareliefSi xaz-
gasmulad qristianul xeldasxmazea saubari. sxva SemTxvevaSi,
xuroTmoZRvris amgvari siTamame uTuod mkrexelobad iqnebo-
da gagebuli.
Tu solomonis taZris legendidan gavixsenebT, miwis wiaRSi
Casul xurams xeldasxmis niSnad gadaeca gonio, CaquCi da sami
saidumlo sityva. imave gadmocemiT, es gonio taZris sakurTx-
evelSi saidumlodaa dafluli, xolo is sami saidumlo sityva
aravin icis da momavlis miznad swored misi codnaa dasaxuli.
ese igi, momavlis taZris amSeneblad is ostatia dasaxuli,
romelsac gonioTi simbolizebuli xeldasxma aqvs miRebuli.
am legendaSi asaSenebeli taZaric, marTalia, simbolizebulia,
magram garkveul safexurze mis garegnul gamovlinebad re-
aluri taZaric igulisxmeba.
Tu vinmes SeiZleba zemoT moyvanili msjeloba saeWvod
moeCvenos, vfiqrobT, am eWvs srulad ganaqarvebs imave sve-
ticxovlis kidev erTi bareliefi, romelic taZris gumbaTzea
moTavsebuli. aq ukve sruliad realur planSia mocemuli
- 251 -
gonios gadacemis scena.
amave dros sayuradReboa is detalic, rom im figuras, rom-
lisganac xdeba gonios gadacema, meore xelSi swored CaquCi
uWiravs. orive es atributi zustad mianiSnebs solomonis taZ-
ris istoriasTan dakavSirebuli legendis imave epizodze.
am bareliefze uaRresad gonebamaxviluradaa gamoxatuli

is azri, rom gonios gadacema erTi samyarodan meoreSi xdeba.
xeldamsxmelis figura gumbaTis erT waxnagzea gamosaxuli,
xolo gonios mimRebni — sxva waxnagze. es waxnagebi erTmaneTis
mimarT SesamCnevad didi kuTxiT arian mimarTulni, rac erT-
xel kidev xazs usvams am or samyaros Soris arsebul mkveTr
sazRvars. Tavad gonio ki gadacemisas swored sazRvarzea
gamosaxuli.
aseve mniSvnelovania is detalic, rom gonios mimRebi oTxi
figura jvris msgavsi Zeluri gamosaxulebis qveS dganan da
yvelas erToblivad uWiravT igi. Tu am jvris formas davak-
virdebiT, advilad SevniSnavT, rom igi swored taZris leg-
endidan cnobil niSans T-s (tau) ganasaxierebs. ese igi, taZ-
ris mSeneblebi am niSniT yofilan gaerTianebulni. analogiur
azrs ki Cven ukve SevxvdiT solomonis taZris istoriasTan
dakavSirebiT.
oTxi figuridan samni TiTqosda anaforis msgavsi grZeli
tansacmliT arian Semosilni. maTgan mesames gvirgvini adgia.
- 252 -
rogorc Cans, igi mefes gamosaxavs, wina ori ki sasuliero
pirebad unda vigulisxmoT. boloSi mdgari meoTxe figuris
Cacmuloba ufro saeros STabeWdilebas tovebs, radgan mas
grZeli samosi ar acvia.
yvela es niSani, albaT, kidev ufro ganamtkicebs zemoT
moyvanil mosazrebebs.
rogorc cnobilia, monRolTa Semosevebis dros (XIII s.)
taZris gumbaTi Camoangries da sxva nawilebic Zlier dazian-
da. taZari mxolod XV saukuneSi iqna aRdgenili. amis gamo
ar aris gamoricxuli, rom es meore bareliefi zustad aRar
ijdes Tavis Zvel adgilas, an, saerTodac, pirvelTan Sedare-
biT mogvianebiT iyos Seqmnili. yovel SemTxvevaSi erTi ram
mainc sruliad cxadia, rom Tu orive bareliefi Tanadrouli
ar aris, yovel SemTxvevaSi, meore bareliefis avtorma Sesani-
Snavad icis, risi Tqma undoda pirvel avtors.
nax. 10
meore bareliefze erTgvarad ufro realisturi, gami-
wierebuli saxiTaa gamosaxuli mTeli siuJeti, maSin, roca
pirveli saocari lakoniurobiT gamoirCeva. masze gamosaxu-
li xeli cocxali svetis msgavsad vertikalur mimarTulebas
- 253 -
afiqsirebs. esaa Semoqmedis cisken gawvdili xeli, romelsac
RvTaebrivi xeldasxmis niSnad gonio gadaecema da iqve warw-
erac azustebs: `xeli monisa RvTisa arsukiZisa, SeundeT~.
rogorc vxedavT, solomonis taZris legendisTvis damaxa-
siaTebeli iseTi simboluri niSnebi, rogorebicaa gonio, CaquCi
da niSani T (tau), sruliad aSkaradaa gamosaxuli bareliefebze,
magram SeiZleba vaCvenoT, rom sveticxovlis misteriaSi arc
is sami saidumlo sityvaa gamotovebuli, romelic aseve mniS-
vnelovan rols TamaSobs solomonis taZriseul xeldasxmaSi.
sazogadod, sveticxovlis umTavresi mSenebeli wmin-
da ninoa da cocxali svetis saidumloc ukve IV saukunidan,
saqarTvelos ganmanaTleblisagan iRebs dasabams. sveticxov-
lis mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebul pirvel RvTaebriv xeldas-
xmas swored wminda nino iRebs. `qarTlis moqceva~ amgvarad
mogviTxrobs am epizods:
rodesac sveticxovlis mSeneblobisas mSeneblebma veraf-
riT moaxerxes taZris umTavresi svetis aRmarTeba, wminda nino
Tavis mowafeebTan erTad darCa mSeneblobis adgilas da mTeli
Rame locvaSi gaatara. gamTeniisas moxda saswauli:
`da wmidaY nino dga xel-aRpyrobil. da aha esera zeda-moad-
ga Wabuki erTi yovladve naTliTa Semosili, da moeblardna
cecxlis-saxed zewari, da arquna samni raime sityuani netarsa
ninos. xolo igi daeca pirsa zeda Tvissa. xolo Wabukman man
miyo xeli suetsa mas da upyra Tavi da aRamaRla da wariRo
simaRlesa caTasa . . . da aha vixile sueti igi cecxlis-saxed
Camovidoda da moeaxla xarisxsa mas Tvissa~.14
rogorc vxedavT, cocxali svetis saswaulebriv aRmarTe-
bas win uZRvis wminda ninosadmi sami saidumlo sityvis gadace-
ma. xolo es sami sityva rom gansakuTrebulia da saidumloa, es
garemoebac iqvea dafiqsirebuli, roca naTqvamia, rom am dros
wminda ninos mowafeebs sZinavT, xolo erTaderTi mRviZare
mowafe ver xvdeba, Tu ras niSnavs es yovelive da SeSinebuli
ekiTxeba ninos amis Sesaxeb.
rogorc vnaxeT, sabastanidan mosuli Zala swored maSin
modis mcxeTaSi, roca Svidi svetidan eqvsi ukve aRmarTulia
da mxolod meSvide, magram yvelaze Znelad aRsamarTavi svetia
darCenili.
solomonis taZris xuroTmoZRvars aseve swored ukanasknel
da yvelaze rTul elementTan, `spilenZis zRvasTan~ dakav-
Sirebuli garTulebebis Semdeg sami saidumlo sityva gadaeca
- 254 -
xeldasxmis niSnad. igive meordeba mcxeTaSic. swored Sesabamis
epizodSi, roca meSvide svetis aRmarTeba did siZneleebTanaa
dakavSirebuli, wminda ninosac aseve sami saidumlo sityva ga-
daecema svetis saswaulebrivi aRmarTebis win.
ese igi, rogorc solomonis taZris mSeneblis xuramis,
aseve mcxeTis sveticxovlis taZris mSeneblis wminda ninos
xeldasxmac sami saidumlo sityvis gadacemiT moxda.
aqve SeiZleba SevniSnoT, rom sveticxovlis taZarSi
sakurTxevlis gverdiT dRemdea SemorCenili Wa (igi dResac
moqmedia). Tu solomonis taZris legendidan gavixsenebT,
sikvdilis win xuramma swored WaSi gadamala xeldasxmis niSnad
miRebuli gonio.
gasagebi mizezebis gamo, Cven ZiriTadi yuradReba swored
solomonis taZarTan dakavSirebul legendaze gavamaxvileT,
Torem, cxadia, zemoT moxsenebuli sulieri simbolika mxolod
am legendidan ar momdinareobs. amgvari simbolika, sazoga-
dod, saerTo sakacobrio kuTvnilebas warmoadgens da sxva-
dasxva saxiT uZvelesi kulturebis misteriul warmodgenebSic
mravalgzis vlindeba.
qristianobis gavrcelebis pirvel saukuneebSi, roca xde-
boda warmarTuli simbolikis qristianuli eklesiis mier aT-
viseba da gadaazreba, isini sakmaod Ria saxiT vlindebodnen
qristianul msoflmxedvelobaSic. mogvianebiT, roca sabo-
lood dazustda da dakonkretda qristianuli saeklesio
simbolika, cxadia, bevr maTganze ukve aRar gamaxvilda yura-
dReba.
sami saidumlo sityvis gadacemiT ganxorcielebuli xel-
dasxmis magaliTad SeiZleba moviyvanoT epizodi Tomas apokri-
fuli saxarebidan:
`da man (iesom) gaixmo gverdze is (Toma) da uTxra mas sami
sityva. rodesac Toma dabrunda Tavis megobrebTan, maT hkiT-
xes: ra giTxra iesom? Tomam upasuxa maT: Tu me getyviT erT
sityvasac ki maTgan, romlebic man miTxra, Tqven aiRebT qvebs
da mesvriT, cecxli gamova qvebidan da dagwvavT Tqven~.15
marTalia, es teqsti ar Sedis kanonikur saxarebaTa ric-
xvSi, magram moyvanili epizodi naTlad aCvenebs, rom sami sai-
dumlo sityvis gadacemiT RvTaebrivi xeldasxmis simbolizeba
miRebul tradiciad iTvleboda axali epoqis dasawyisSi.
ramdenadac `qarTlis moqcevac~ swored qristianobis gavr-
celebis pirveli saukuneebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli teqstia,
- 255 -
masSic sakmaod mravladaa warmodgenili amgvari simboluri
saxeebi. mogvianebiT, XII saukuneSi, rodesac qristianuli dog-
mati sruliad garkveuli da Camoyalibebulia, arseni ukve gan-
sxavebulad udgeba am sakiTxs16 da wminda ninos cxovrebis am-
saxvel TxzulebaSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom igi mTlianad `qar-
Tlis moqcevis~ versias eyrdnoba, am teqstidan mainc amoSlis
amgvar epizodebs. rogorc Tavadac miuTiTebs, misi teqsti
eklesiaSi wasakiTxadaa gaTvaliswinebuli, xolo wina teqstebi
`msmenelTaTvis uxmar da ver sacnaur arian~.
marTalia, arsenTan aRar moixsenieba wminda ninosadmi ga-
dacemuli sami saidumlo sityvis Sesaxeb, magram samagierod
igi wminda ninos RvTaebriv xeldasxmas uaRresad amaRlebuli
saxiT warmoaCens. wminda ninos Tavad RvTismSoblisagan gad-
aecema vazis jvari, romelic zeciuri vazidan mokveTili nas-
xvlevisagan iqmneba.
cxadia, XII saukunis qarTveli saeklesio moRvawisTvis
kargad iqneboda cnobili sveticxovlis is bareliefic, sadac
xuroTmoZRvars gonio gadaecema zecidan da amdenad mis mier
warmodgenili xati kidev ufro aRrmavebs da mravlismetyvels
xdis sveticxovelTan dakavSirebul sulier simbolikas.
§ 2. elementaruli samyaros gardaqmna mcxeTaSi
rogorc vnaxeT, mcxeTaSi saswaulebrivad aRmarTuli sve-

tis istorias sulieri paraleli gaaCnia golgoTis jvris bib-
liur istoriasTan. mcxeTis samoTxed wodebul samefo baRSi
moWrili xe imaginaciurad emsgavseba im xes, romelic bibliuri
samoTxis sicocxlis xidan momdinareobs. adamis gandevnis Sem-
deg igi am xidan mokveTili totis saxiT gadainergeba samoTxis
gare samyaroSi. am totidan amosuli xisgan mzaddeba sveti,
magram misi gamoyeneba solomonis taZris mSeneblobisas ver
xerxdeba da amitomac mdinareze xidad gaideba. golgoTaze
kedev erTxel icvleba misi amplua da amjerad macxovris
jvarcmisTvis gankuTvnil jvrad gvevlineba. jvris istoria
arc amiT mTavrdeba da macxovris aRdgomis Semdeg igi ukve
ayvavilebuli, cocxali jvaria. ase rom, samoTxis xidan momdi-
nare Zelis istoria paralelurad mihyveba kacobriobis mTel
gzas da misi yofis yovel etapze sxvadasxva saxiT vlindeba.
- 256 -
Cven mier `sveticxovlis misteriad~ wodebuli gadmoce-
mebi swored imgvarad warmoaCenen mcxeTaSi saswaulebrivad
aRmarTuli svetis istorias, rom igi simboluri saxiT gol-
goTis jvris mTel istorias imeorebs da, amave dros, sakuTar
imaginaciur warmosaxvaSi qarTveli eris qristianuli mrwamsis
ZiriTad Taviseburebebsac moicavs. am Taviseburebebze dayrd-
nobiT ki qarTveli eris qristianuli misiis samomavlo gan-
Wvretasac iZleva. qarTveli eris qristianuli misia, umTavre-
sad, swored sveticxovlis misteriaSi cxaddeba.
mcxeTis cocxali svetis erT-erTi umTavresi aspeqti
swored misi qristianuli jvris saxiT moazrebaa. `qarTlis
moqcevis~ uwyebiT, IV saukunis bolos qarTlis mefis mirda-
tis dros taZris svetad aRmarTuli xis Zelisgan mcire zomis
jvrebi damzadda da mTel qveyanas moefina. cocxali Zeli
mraval qristianul jvrad gardaisaxa. am faqtiT kidev erTxel
fiqsirdeba misi sulieri kavSiri golgoTis jvarTan. rogorc
cnobilia, golgoTis jvarsac swored igive bedi ewia. misganac
mcire zomis jvrebi damzadda da qveynierebas moefina.
ramdenadac cocxali sveti qristianuli jvris kerZo as-
peqtebis garda iseT funqciebsac moicavs, rogoricaa saqar-
Tvelos umTavresi taZris svetad aRmarTeba, igi am gziT kidev
erT mniSvnelovan sulier xatadac warmoCindeba da pirdapir
kavSirs amJRavnebs solomonis taZris misteriasTanac.
cocxali svetis aRmarTeba, erTi mxriv, uSualo replikas
warmoadgens solomonis taZris analogiuri svetis problemas-
Tan da, meore mxriv, igi aseve mWidrod ukavSirdeba im svetis
momaval saxesac — qristianuli jvris sulier Sinaarssac. ami-
tomac, albaT ar iqneba uadgilo, Tu calke SevexebiT cocxali
svetis jvrad gaazrebis problemasac.
ramdenadac sveticxovlis misteriis qristianuli saxiT
Camoyalibebis epoqaSi uaRresad aqtiurad mimdinareobda war-
marTuli samyarodan mopovebuli sulieri simbolikis qris-
tianulad gadaazrebis procesi, albaT swored is warmodge-
nebi unda iqnas gaTvaliswinebuli, romlebic jvris, rogorc
mistikuri niSnis imdroindel gaazrebas ukavSirdeboda.
rogorc irkveva, IV saukunis saqarTvelos sasuliero
wreebSi gaziarebulia jvris berZnuli samyarodan momdinare
imgvari interpretacia, roca igi ganasaxierebs, erTi mxriv,
mTel xilvad samyaros da, meore mxriv, am samyaros oTx pirvel-
sawyis stiqias (cecxli, haeri, wyali, miwa).
- 257 -
nax. 11
roca jvris amgvari saxe golgoTis jvarTan mimarTebaSi
ganixileba, bunebrivad miiReba misi qristianuli interpreta-
cia. macxovarma zurgiT zida es kosmosuri jvari, xolo yoveli
qristianis valia, swored aqedan aiRos magaliTi, itvirTos
sakuTari jvari da Seudges macxovars. adamianis amqveyniuri
moRvaweobis mizani ki imaSi vlindeba, rom igi ganTavisufldes
amqveyniuri valisagan, amqveyniuri codvis tvirTisagan.
`rameTu ukueTu Tana-nerg veqmneniT msgavsebasa mas si-
kudilisa misisasa, egreTca aRdgomasa mas missa viyvneT.
ese uwyiT, rameTu Zueli igi kaci Cueni mis Tana juars
ecua, raiTa ganqardes xorci igi codvisaY, raiTa arRara vhmo-
nebdeT Cuen codvasa.~17
adamiani macxovris aRdgomiT gardmoixsneba qveyniuri
jvrisagan — oTxi stiqiiT ganxorcielebuli grZnobadi sam-
yaros jvrisagan. magram rogor vlindeba es grZnobadi samyaro
Tavad adamianSi?
rogorc jer kidev uZvelesi mistikuri wyaroebic iuwyebian,
adamianis suli miwier cxovrebaSi samgvari garsis tyveobaSi im-
yofeba. samgvari garsisgan Sedgeba adamianis is sxeuli, romel-
Sic amqveyniuri yofa uxdeba mis ukvdav nawils. qristianuli
ezoterikis enaze ki qristianuli impulsiT ganmsWvalulma ada-
mianma swored es sammagi garsi unda daamsxvrios, raTa RvTa-
ebriobas ziarebuli suli uflis winaSe pirnaTeli wardges.
am samgvarovani sxeuliT monawileobs adamiani im grZnoba-
di samyaros mdinarebaSi, romelic mineraluri, mcenareuli da
cxoveluri samyaroebiT enaTesaveba Tavad adamians.
wminda ioane damaskeli Zalze zustad axasiaTebs am naTe-
saobas:
- 258 -
ùnda aRiniSnos, rom adamians raRac saerTo aqvs usulo
sagnebTan, kvalad Tanaziaria aragonieri arsebebisa, da, garda
amisa, aqvs gonier arsebaTaTvis damaxasiaTebeli unaric az-
rovnebisa. usulo sagnebTan erToba imaSi gamoixateba, rom
adamians maT msgavsad aqvs sxeuli, romelic oTxi stiqiisagan
Sedgeba; mcenareebTan es aqvs saerTo da, kidev unari sazrdoo-
bisa, gazrdisa, Teslis warmoqmnisa da gamravlebisa. aragonier
arsebebTan saerTo aqvs yovelive zemoT CamoTvlili da kidev
isic, rom aqvs Tavisufali nebidan gamomdinare midrekilebani,
anu is, rom SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros xorciel wadilT, da sxva-
dasxva vnebas, agreTve is, rom dajildoebulia grZnobebiTa da
unariT, imoqmedos Sinagan aRZvraTa Sesabamisad~.18
swored amgvari moZRvrebidan ganisazRvreba im sami garsis
raoba, romlebic adamianis sulis damabrkolebel sferoebadaa
miCneuli.
idea sammagi garsisgan sulis ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb
Zalze popularuli iyo dasavleTis ezoteruli ordenebis
msoflmxedvelobaSi. es msoflmxedveloba ki eyrdnoba jer
kidev qristianobis damkvidrebis pirvel saukuneebSi Camoya-
libebul qristianul mistikas. ramdenadac sveticxovlis mis-
teriac swored am epoqaSia fesvgadgmuli, albaT ar iqneba
ucnauri, Tu es mistika masSic aisaxeboda. vfiqrobT, igi mar-
Tlac sruliad naTladaa gamovlenili iseTi garegnuli Zeg-
lis SinaarsSi, rogoricaa `qarTlis moqceva~. vidre qarTul
werilobiT wyaroSi Sesabamis epizods SevexebodeT, jer ga-
vixsenoT, rogori damokidebuleba aqvs am problemis mimarT
dasavleTis erT-erT ezoterul qristianul saZmos — tampli-
erebis ordens:19
jvris zemoT naCveneb simbolur gamosaxulebaSi, sadac
pirveladi stiqiebi Seesabamebian mis elementebs, cxadia, es
stiqiebi mxolod fizikur substanciebs ar mianiSneben. magali-
Tad, stiqia `miwa~ Suasaukuneebis qristianul ezoterikaSi
uSualod moiazreboda rogorc saxarebiseuli `kldis~ cneba.
am gagebiT ki igi ukavSirdeba mociqul petres. petre simbolu-
rad ganasaxierebs im kldes, romelzedac qristianuli taZari
unda aSendes. es taZari ki erT-erT aspeqtSi, Tavis mxriv, mac-
xovris fizikur sxeuls ganasaxierebs. kacobriobis ganviTare-
bis garkveul etapze swored qristianul taZarSia davanebu-
li uzenaesi RvTaebrivi suli da igi warmoadgens im garss,
romlis SigniTac udidesi qristianuli saidumlo aResrula.
- 259 -
ieso qristem daangria Zveli taZari da igi sam dReSi aRad-
gina. qristianuli eklesia swored im axal taZars gulisxmobs,
romelic `kldes~ daefuZna da romelzedac gadis RmerTisken
mimavali WeSmariti gza. swored amitomac petres ukavSirdeba
is imaginaciuri xati, rasac `mamlis yivili~ da `samjer uaryo-
fa~ gamosaxavs. tamplierebis ordenis xeldasxmis ritualic
swored am principebs eyrdnoboda. mowafis win debdnen jvars
da mas eubnebodnen, rom igi unda droebiT iqces petred da
masaviT ganudges ieso qristes, raTa samjer uaryofis Semdeg
mTeli Tavisi arsiT SeuerTdes macxovars.
es rituali sruliad gaugebari darCeba, Tu aqve imasac
ar gavixsenebT, Tu ra igulisxmeboda petres gandgomasa da
samjer uaryofaSi.
mamlis pirveli yivili simbolurad ganasaxierebda ada-
mianis dabadebas grZnobad samyaroSi, anu misi ukvdavi sulis
SeerTebas nivTier samyarosTan. am dros es suli eqceoda sam-
magi garsis tyveobaSi, xolo mamlis `meored yivilisas~ fiq-
sirdeba adamianis sulieri ganviTarebis is safexuri, rodesac
mas srulad aqvs Sesisxlxorcebuli qristianuli impulsi da
am gziT ganvlo sulis ganwmendis sami stadia. igi ukve gan-
Tavisuflebulia sulis damabrkolebeli sammagi garsisagan.
mamlis pirveli yivilisas swored am sami garsiT samjer ga-
nudga suli ufals, xolo mamlis meored yivilisas ganwmendis
procesi ukve ganvlilia, sami garsi damsxvreulia da adamianis
Tavisufali suli mzadaa ufalTan Sesaxvedrad.
amgvari warmodgenebiT sazrdoobdnen Suasaukuneebis ev-
ropuli qristianuli ordenebi. xolo am warmodgenebis fes-
vebi Zalze Rrmad iyo gadgmuli axali eris dasawyisis qris-
tianul msoflmxedvelobaSi.
axla ki `qarTlis moqcevidan~ gavixsenoT is epizodi,
romelic uSualod win uZRvis mcxeTuri misteriis erT-erT
udides saswauls — cocxali svetis saswaulebriv aRmarTebas.
wminda ninos erT-erTi mowafe sidonia gvauwyebs: `da viTar
ver SeuZles aRmarTebad da umarju iqmna saqme igi, warvida
mefe da yoveli eri gul-gdebuli urvisagan da mwuxare iyvnes
amas zeda. xolo netari nino daSTa adgilsave, da aTormet-
ni dedani sxuani. xolo sanatreli igi godebda da daadenda
cremlTa suetsa mas zeda. da viTarca SuvaRame oden iyo, war-
moiqceodes orni ese mTani — armaz da zaden, reca Tu esreT
CamoirRuevodes, da daayennes orTave wyalni igi. da mtkuarman
- 260 -
gardamoxeTqa da warhqonda saSinelad qalaqi. da mier Seiqmnnes
xmani saSinelni da sazarelni tyebisa da sivltolisani. egreve
aragvi gardmoxda cixesa zemoiT da iqmnebodes saSinelni
grgvinvani. da SeSindes dedani igi da ivltodes, da meca maT
Tanave, xolo netari wmidaY nino RaRadebda: `nu geSinin, dano
Cemno, mTani igi munve hgian da wyalni igi munve dian da ersa
yovelsa sZinavs. xolo ese, romel reca mTani dairRues, sa-
marTlad guaCuenebs, rameTu urwmunovebisa mTani dairRues
qarTls Sina. da wyalni romel daeyennes, daeyena sisxli igi
yrmaTa eSmakTa Sewirvisa. . . da meyseulad dascxres xmani igi,
da iyo arara.~20
rogorc vxedavT, es epizodi erTi SexedviT sakmaod ucna-
urad gamoiyureba. moTxrobilia mcxeTasTan arsebuli mTebis
Camongrevisa da mdinareTagan qalaqis walekvis Sesaxeb, magram
iqve isicaa dafiqsirebuli, rom sinamdvileSi es movlena ar
xdeba fizikur planSi. roca wminda ninos mowafeebi SeZrwu-
nebulni arian am movlenis xilviT, wminda nino maT amSvidebs,
rom `mTani igi munve hgian da wyalni igi munve dian da ersa
yovelsa sZinavs~. cxadia, ar SeiZleba am epizodis imgvari
gageba, TiTqos rame moCvenebasTan gvqondes saqme. `qarTlis
moqceva~ am SemTxvevaSic sruliad gansazRvrul imaginaciur
xats gvTavazobs da misi aRqmac mxolod mocemuli sulieri
simboloebis gaTvaliswinebiTaa SesaZlebeli.
pirvel rigSi, aucilebelia gaviTvaliswinoT, rom es ima-
ginaciuri xati mocemulia uSualod saswaulebrivi svetis aR-
marTebis wina etapze, es sveti ki erT-erT aspeqtSi swored
golgoTis jvars ukavSirdeba. mcxeTis wyliT warRvna, am
SemTxvevaSi, imaginaciurad mianiSnebs warmosaxviT naTlobas
wyliT, rasac unda mohyves qristianuli naTloba — naTloba
cecxliTa da suliwmidiT. igive epizodi imasac afiqsirebs,
rom am movleniT amave dros ganxorcielda mcxeTis garemos
gardaqmna, misi feriscvaleba — kerZod, Seicvala miwisa da
wylis stiqia. moxda am stiqiebis ganwmenda da isini ukve
gardaqmnili xvdebian mcxeTis udides saswauls — cocxali
svetis aRmarTebas.
vfiqrobT, am epizodSi mocemuli stiqiebis wyobac ar aris
SemTxveviTi. rogorc vxedavT, vertikalur WrilSi `miwis~
stiqia moxsenebulia zemoT (mTebi zevidan qveviT Camoingrnen),
xolo stiqia `wyali~ am vertikalSi qveda mdgomareobas ikavebs
(mtkvari da aragvi TavianTi kalapotebidan gadmovidnen). jvris
- 261 -
sqemaze pirveladi stiqiebis wyobac misi identuria. jvris ver-
tikaluri xazis zeda nawils swored `miwa~ Seesabameba, xolo
qveda nawils — `wyali~.
aqve SeiZleba mivaniSnoT kidev erT saxarebiseul motivze.
roca mcxeTaSi amgvari grandiozuli sulieri movlena xdeba,
rogorc wminda nino aRniSnavs, èrsa yovelsa sZinavs~. mxolod
wminda ninos Tormeti mowafea mRviZare da amitomac swored
isini aRiqvamen am movlenas. gamTeniisas kidev ufro didi sas-
wauli moxda — cocxali sveti saswaulebrivad aRimarTa. am
movlenas ukve wminda ninos mowafeebic veRar Wvreten mRviZa-
re TvalebiT da maTac eZinebaT. am dros mxolod erTaderTi
mowafe, sidonia SeZlebs mRviZarebas.
rogorc saxarebidanaa cnobili, rogorc geTsimaniis baRSi
macxovris locvisas, aseve feriscvalebisas, uflis yvelaze
rCeul mowafeebsac ki ar ZaluZT mRviZare gonebiT Wvreta.
sidonias mRviZareba mianiSnebs im faqts, rom geTsimaniis
locvisa da feriscvalebis epizodebisgan gansxvavebiT, mcxe-
Tis saswauli golgoTis Semdeg xdeba. ese igi, macxovris aR-
dgoma ukve ganxorcielebuli faqtia da amdenad ukve arsebobs
SesaZlebloba sulieri mRviZarebisa.
Tu kvlav gansaxilvel teqsts davubrundebiT, davinaxavT,
rom moyvanili epizodis gagrZeleba kidev ufro aRrmavebs
warmodgenil imaginaciur xats. aq ukve Txroba exeba swored
saxarebaSi mocemul iseT sulier simbolikas, rogoricaa `mam-
lis yivili~ da `samgzis uaryofa~, anu, rogorc vTqviT, sulis
sami garsisagan ganTavisufleba.
`da vidre arRa eyivna qaTamsa, samTave karTa sca zarsa
laSqarman Zlierman da dalewnes karni qalaqisani da aRivso
qalaqi sparsTa laSqriTa da meyseulad Seiqmnnes zaris aR-
saxdelni zrinvani, da yivilni da klvaY erisaY, viTarmca sis-
xli dioda. . . “21
rogorc vxedavT, es warmosaxviTi movlena mamlis yivi-
lamde xdeba. ese igi, am moments win unda uswrebdes samgzis
ganwmenda, anu sulis damabrkolebeli sami garsis msxvreva. am
SemTxvevaSi es procesi warmodgenilia rogorc qalaqis sami
karis damsxvreva. Tanac miTiTebulia, rom qalaqs swored mxo-
lod sami kari aqvs (`samTave karsa sca zarsa laSqarman Zlier-
man da dalewes karni qalaqisani~). ese igi, qalaqi warmodge-
nilia SemozRuduli saxiT, romelsac sami kari aqvs.
Semdeg moTxrobilia sparsTa laSqris mier qalaqis ganad-
- 262 -
gurebis Sesaxeb, magram irkveva, rom es movlenac mxolod war-
mosaxviTia.
am movlenis mniSvneloba kargad Cans wminda ninos mimar-
TvaSi:
`sada arian mefeni sparsTani xuara da xuan xuara? sabas-
taniT guSin warmoxuediTa? male moxuediT. da didad same ars
laSqari, uzomo vidreme xarT, da Zlierad dahleweT qalaqi
ese, maxvili daeciT. ubrZaneb qarTa da niavTa: warvediT bnel-
Ta CrdiloisaTa, mTaTa maT kedarisaTa. aqa movida igi, romel-
sa Tquen evltodeT.~ da ganZra marjuene Tvisi da daswera
xeliTa saxe juarisaY da meyseulad uCino iqmna yoveli igi sim-
ravle erisaY . . .~
am epizodSi miTiTebulia, rom qarTa da niavT ebrZanaT am
garemos datoveba. Zveli qari da niavi gandevnil iqna Crdilo-
eTiT. haeris stiqiamac Seicvala saxe da isic mzadaa axali
impulsis misaRebad. wminda ninom jvari gardasaxa garemos da
yovelive igi uCino iqmna.
rogorc aRvniSneT, sparsTa laSqrisagan mcxeTis karTa
dalewvis warmosaxviT epizods uSualod mosdevs is, rom jer
qarni da niavni ganidevnebian CrdiloeTiT, anu moxdeba stiqia
`haeris~ gardaqmna da Semdeg, ganTiadisas, zecidan mosuli
Zala aRamaRlebs cocxal svets.
naTliT Semosilma Wabukma, romelsac `moeblardna cec-
xlis-saxed zewari~, xeli mihyo svets, cad aRamaRla `da aha
vixile sueti igi cecxlis-saxed Camovidoda da moeaxla xaris-
xsa mas Tvissa~. ese igi, sveti cecxlis saxed daeSva zevidan.
am SemTxvevaSi ukve meoTxe pirveladi stiqiac saxezea. amiT
mTavrdeba oTxive stiqiis gardaqmna da cocxali svetic ukve
aRmarTulia.
rogorc vxedavT, ganxiluli epizodi naTlad mianiSnebs,
rom cocxali sveti, romelic, erTi mxriv, taZris umTavre-
si svetia, amave dros, jvarsac ganasaxierebs, magram es jvari
mkveTrad emijneba jvris, rogorc simbolos, warmarTul gage-
bas. marTalia, simbolurad isic moicavs mTeli kosmosis saw-
yis oTx pirvelad stiqias, magram isini mTlianad gardaqmnili
arian qristianuli impulsiT da amdenad mcxeTaSi aRmarTuli
jvari swored xazgasmulad qristianuli jvaria.
vfiqrobT, jvris mocemul imaginaciaSi kidev erTi mniS-
vnelovani niSanic igulisxmeba. sveti, rogorc realuri forma,
mxolod vertikaluri xazisagan Sedgeba. magram, Tu igi jvar-
- 263 -
sac ganasaxierebs, bunebrivad SeiZleba daibados kiTxva, Tu
rogor igulisxmeba mis formaSi jvris horizontaluri xazic.
rogorc naCvenebi iyo, es horizontali simbolurad ganasa-
xierebs `haerisa~ da `cecxlis~ stiqiebs. rogor SeiZleboda
ganlagebuliyvnen es stiqiebi svetis erTaderT vertikalze?
aq uTuod unda gavixsenoT, Tu sad aRimarTa mcxeTis coc-
xali sveti. igi aRmarTulia uflis kvarTis saflavze, ese igi,
svetis qveda nawili uSualod efuZneba uflis kvarTis saflavs,
magram zemoT Cven vaCveneT, rom qristianul ezoterikaSi uf-
lis kvarTi simbolurad ganasaxierebs dedamiwis garemomcvel
haerovan stiqias, romelic mTeli kacobriobis saerTo kuT-
vnilebaa. ase rom, Tu Cven jvris sqemaze mocemul horizon-
talur da vertikalur xazebs erT vertikalSi gavaerTianebT,
aRmoCndeba, rom horizontalze nagulisxmevi `haeris~ stiqia
daikavebs vertikalis qveda nawils, xolo `cecxli~ — zedas.
nax. 12
`haeris~ stiqiam, romelic uflis kvarTs Seesabameba, logi-
kurad daikava Tavisi adgili cocxali svetis gamosaxulebaze,
magram sainteresoa, cecxlis adgils Tu iTvaliswinebs `qarT-
lis moqcevis~ avtori.
vfiqrobT, igi uaRresad zustad icavs am simbolikas da
Zalze xatovnad gvauwyebs, rom naTliT Semosilma Wabukma
`miyo xeli suetsa mas da upyra Tavi da aRamaRla da wariRo
simaRlesa caTasa~. da, amave dros, es Wabuki cecxlovani ze-
wriTaa Semosili (`moeblardna cecxlis-saxed zewari~). amiT,
jer erTi, svetis sqematur gaazrebaSi `cecxli~ ikavebs swored
Sesabamis adgils svetis vertikalis zeda nawilSi, da meorec,
myardeba saocari wonasworoba svetis zeda da qveda nawilebSi
ganlagebul orive gadaadgilebul stiqias Soris. orive maT-
- 264 -
gani ganasaxierebs kvarTs. qveviT uflis kvarTis saflavia
(stiqia `haeri~), xolo zeviT moTavsebulia kvarTi, romelic
swored cecxlovani kvarTia.
am simboluri sqemiT mcxeTis cocxali sveti Zalze zustad
gamosaxavs im umTavres saidumlos, rac dakavSirebulia uflis
kvarTis sulier simbolikasTan da es bunebrivicaa — cocxali
sveti xom swored am kvarTis saflavze aRimarTa. amave dros,
es sqema srulad iTvaliswinebs svetis formaSi nagulisxmev
jvris simbolikasac.
aqve gvinda gavixsenoT, rom is sulieri impulsebi, rom-
lebic saqarTvelosken wamosul wminda ninos moaqvs, inspiri-
rebulia efesodan, rac simbolurad efeseli qalis ierusa-
limSi CasvliT gamoixateba. wminda nino efesel qals mohyavs
ierusalimidan, sadac mas xeldasxma aqvs miRebuli, erTi mxriv,
meaforisagan da, meore mxriv, ierusalimis patriarqisagan.
efesodan momdinare sulieri nakadi ierusalimis gavliT moe-
marTeba mcxeTisaken.
efeso — ierusalimi — mcxeTa. es aris sami uwmindesi adgi-
lis Rrma sulieri kavSiris gamoxatuleba.
Cven ukve ganvixileT is paraleli, rac ierusalimis umTavres
taZarsa da mcxeTis sveticxovels Soris arsebobda. samoTxi-
seuli xidan momdinare svetis aRmarTva solomonis taZarSi
ver moxerxda. iqve taZris ukanaskneli elementis, spilenZis
zRvis Camosxmisas xdeba saswaulebrivi gamocxadeba da mxolod
sulieri Zalebis Carevis Semdeg sruldeba taZris mSenebloba.
analogiuri suraTi gvaqvs mcxeTaSic. am SemTxvevaSi, umTavresi
saswauli swored svetis aRmarTebas ukavSirdeba.
rogorc irkveva, es motivi Zalze cxadlivi saxiTaa moce-
muli efesos misteriebSic. pliniusi mogviTxrobs, rom efesos
artemides taZris mSeneblobisas gadauwyvetel problemad iqca
karis ganapira svetis (ufro zustad, wirTxlis, anu karis Car-
Cos gverdiTi qvis) aRmarTeba. mSeneblebma verafriT moaxerxes
am amocanis gadawyveta. sasowarkveTilebaSi Cavardnili xuroT-
moZRvari ukve Tavis mokvlas apirebda, roca mas sizmarSi Tavad
artemide gamoecxada. qalRmerTma mas auwya, rom Tavis mokvla
ar aris saWiro, radgan man Tavadve aRmarTa wirTxlis qva. di-
liT mSenebelma naxa, rom qva marTlac saswaulebrivad aRmarTu-
liyo da swored saWiro mdgomareobaSi gasworebuliyo.11
rogorc vxedavT, samive SemTxvevaSi, efesos, ierusalimis
da mcxeTis umTavresi taZrebis mSeneblobebisTvis moTxro-
- 265 -
bilia erTi da imave motivis sxvadasxva varianti. samive sas-
wauli saerTo suraT-xatiTaa gamosaxuli.
§ 3. oqros gonio
rogorc vnaxeT, sveticxovels uaRresad Rrma sulieri

kavSiri aqvs ierusalimis solomonis taZarTan. es Sinagani kav-
Siri mJRavndeba ara mxolod misteriul safexurze, aramed
calkeul, konkretul detalebSic. erT-erT amgvar sulier
simbolos ganasaxierebs, erTi mxriv, solomonis taZris legen-
didan momdinare xuramis gonio da, meore mxriv, XI saukunis
sveticxovelze gamosaxuli arsukiZis gonio.
rogorc aRvniSneT, qristemdel epoqaSi xuramma es samSe-
neblo iaraRi qvesknelSi kaenisgan miiRo. misgan gansxvavebiT,
Sua saukuneebis qristianuli epoqis xeldasxmul arsukiZes
gonio zecidan gadaeca. sveticxovlis bareliefze swored ar-
sukiZis cisken gawvdili xelia gamosaxuli.
rogorc am bareliefis gamokvlevam aCvena, igi uaRresad
mniSvnelovani informaciis momcvelia. ramdenadac am sakiT-
xebs ufro detalurad calke gamokvlevaSi vexebiT,22 amjerad
mxolod calkeuli miniSnebebiT vaCvenebT im Taviseburebebs,
riTac es bareliefi sveticxovlis misteriisTvis damaxasi-
aTebel niSnebs warmoaCens.
solomonis taZris legendaSi sulieri simbolikis enaze
mocemulia kosmosur stiqiebSi gamovlenili sulierebis har-
monizaciis problema. ufro konkretulad, aq wina planzea
wamoweuli cecxlisa da wylis stiqiebis urTierTgawonaswore-
bis idea. geometriuli simbolokis enaze am movlenas ganasaxi-
erebs ori erTmaneTis gadamkveTi wesieri samkuTxedi, anu
heqsagrama:
nax. 13
- 266 -
vidre kosmosuri cecxli da wyali erTmaneTs Seereva,
isini gamoisaxebian erTmaneTis sapirispirod mimarTuli sam-
kuTxedebiT.
nax. 14
am stiqiebis SeerTeba uaRresad rTul sulier problema-
daa dasaxuli da misteriul enaze amgvari harmonizaciis miR-
weva xeldasxmis niSnad miRebuli gonioTia SesaZlebeli. Sua
saukuneebis dasavleTis ezoterul wreebSi am ideis aRsaniS-
navad erTmaneTisken mimarTul or samkuTxeds Soris swored
gonio gamoisaxeboda xolme.
nax. 15
rogorc irkveva, sakmarisia sveticxovlis bareliefis

samkuTxedze wrewiri SemovxazoT da masSi meore samkuTxedis
damatebiT heqsagrama gamovsaxoT, rom am figurebidan mTeli
kompozicia mxolod fargliTa da saxazaviT igeba.
- 267 -
nax. 16
iseT geometriul gamosaxulebebs, romelTa agebac mxolod
fargliTa da saxazaviTaa SesaZlebeli, uZvelesi droidanve
udidesi sulieri mniSvneloba eniWeboda. Tanamedrove ter-
minologiiT, maT geometriulad harmonizebuli gamosaxule-
bebi ewodeba. misi mTavari Tavisebureba isaa, rom sakmarisia
erT-erTi elementi dainiSnos, rom mTeli Semdgomi ageba ukve
gadazomvebis gareSe, fargliTa da saxazaviTaa SesaZlebeli.
miuxedavad imisa, rom sveticxovlis bareliefi Zalze mxat-
vrulad da erTgvarad Tavisufal maneraSi Sesrulebuladac
ki gamoiyureba, misi yoveli wertili mkacr geometriul kanon-
zomierebebs eqvemdebareba. amgvari geometriuli harmonizacia
Zalze zustad Seesabameba bareliefis religiur Sinaarssac. aq
xom swored stiqiaTa harmonizaciis ideaa gadmocemuli.
Tu bareliefs zomadobis TvalsazrisiT ganvixilavT,
irkveva, rom igi am TvalsazrisiTac uaRresad mniSvnelovan
kanonzomierebebs warmoaCens. gonios orive gverdi zustad
gamosaxavs XI saukuneSi saqarTveloSi moqmedi ganzomilebis
anTropometruli sistemis or umTavres sazom erTeuls `wyr-
Tas~ da `mklavs~.
nax. 17
- 268 -
am ori sazomi erTeulis erT gonioSi gaerTianebis mTa-
vari saidumlo imaSi mdgomareobs, rom isini erTmaneTs zustad
oqros kveTis principiT ukavSirdebian. ese igi, sveticxovlis
bareliefis gonios gverdebis zomebi erTmaneTs oqros kve-
Tis proporciiT Seefardebian. oqros kveTi, anu `RvTaebrivi
proporciebi~ ki uZvelesi droidanve cnobilia rogorc coc-
xali samyaros harmoniis umTavresi gamomsaxveli. am Tvalsaz-
risiT, sveticxovlis bareliefze kidev erTxel wina planze
wamoiwia gonios, rogorc kosmosuri harmoniis simbolurma
mniSvnelobam. xuroTmoZRvari mxolod gonios ori zomiT ar
kmayofildeba da mTel kompozicias ise agebs, rom masSi moce-
mulia im periodSi saqarTveloSi moqmedi ganzomilebis antro-
pometruli sistemis TiTqmis yvela ZiriTadi sazomi erTeuli.
naxazze warmodgenili suraTis safuZvelze did sirTules
aRar warmoadgenda danarCeni sazomi erTeulebis gamoTvla
da ganzomilebis sistemis sruli saxiT aRdgena. amis Semdeg,
cxadia, bunebrivi iyo varaudi, rom Tavad sveticxovlis taZa-
ric swored ganzomilebis am sistemaSi iqneboda agebuli, rac
gamokvlevam srulad daadastura.
nax. 18
- 269 -
rogorc aRvniSneT, am sakiTxebs sakmaod vrclad vexebiT
calke gamokvlevaSi da amjerad sityvas ar gavagrZelebT, ma-
gram zomadobasTan dakavSirebiT kidev erTi detali mainc
gvinda aqac mivaniSnoT.
kompoziciis umTavresi zoma (samive qvis saerTo sigrZe) da
masTan dakavSirebuli `samefo wyrTa~ (marjvena qvis zoma) uaR-
resad mniSvnelovani sazomi erTeulebia im TvalsazrisiT, rom
isini Zveli aRTqmidan momdinareoben da Tanac swored solo-
monis taZris ganaxlebas ukavSirdebian (ezekieli, 40, 5).
rogorc ezekieli iuwyeba, solomonis taZris ganaxlebisas
Zveli sazomi wyrTa axliT Seicvala da misi saSualebiT aizoma
axali taZari. am axali wyrTisagan meqanikurad miiReba axali
mxari, anu `samefo mxari~ (4 `samefo wyrTa~) da axali lerwami
(6 `samefo wyrTa~, anu 7 Cveulebrivi wyrTa).
ramdenadac arsukiZis sveticxovelic swored Zveli taZ-
ris ganaxlebaa (faqtobrivad, igi mesame sveticxovelia),
xuroTmoZRvari zedmiwevniT zustad iTvaliswinebs Zveli
aRTqmis princips da ganzomilebis sistemaSi iyenebs am prin-
cipis mixedviT miRebul sazomebsac. amave dros, sveticxovlis
taZars imgvari modulirebiT agebs, rom sazomTa gamomsaxveli
ricxvebi mniSvnelovan ricxviT simbolikas gansazRvravdnen.
am gziT SesaZlebeli xdeba Senobis zomadobaSi gacxadebuli
sakraluri ricxviTi simbolikis mTlianobaSi warmodgena.
rogorc vxedavT, sveticxovlis bareliefze (warweriT
`xeli monisa arsukiZisa, SeundeT~) gamosaxulia xeli, romel-
sac zevidan gadaecema òqros gonio~, romelic òqros kveTis~
umTavresi proporciis Semcvelia da, amave dros, afiqsirebs
ganzomilebis anTropometruli sistemis etalonur zomebs.
bareliefis sxva elementebic amave sistemis Semadgenel
TiTqmis yvela sazom erTeuls gangvicxadeben.
am TvalsazrisiT, saintereso paraleli SeiZleba gavataroT
Zv. w. XXVIII saukunis erT-erT egviptur xis dafasTan, romelze-
dac cnobili xeofsis piramidis amSenebeli xuroTmoZRvari
xesiraa gamosaxuli. xuroTmoZRvars xelSi sxvadasxva zomis
samSeneblo instrumentebi uWiravs. rogorc samecniero gamok-
vlevebma daadastura, arc im instrumentebs da arc dafis sxva
elementebs SemTxveviTi zomebi ar hqoniaT. isini ganacxadeben
ganzomilebis anTropometruli sistemis kanonzomierebebs da
Seicaven rogorc modulur erTeulebs, aseve òqros kveTis~
sxadasxva funqciisTvis damaxasiaTebel fardobebs.
- 270 -
xesiras xelSi uWiravs samSeneblo instrumentebi, rom-
lebic iZlevian im sazom sidideebsa da kanonzomierebebs,
romelTa gamoyenebiTac xeofsis piramida aigo.23
nax. 19
rogorc vxedavT, egvipturi gamosaxulebis mxatvruli
siuJeti analogiuria sveticxovlis bareliefisa. orive Sem-
TxvevaSi xuroTmoZRvars xelSi uWiravs samSeneblo instru-
menti, romelic gvevlineba rogorc zomadobis umTavresi eta-
loni. rogorc egvipturi dafis, aseve sveticxovlis bareli-
efis danarCeni elementebic uamravi ricxviTi, Tu simboluri
gamosaxulebis Semcvelni arian.
arsebobs kidev erTi Zvelegvipturi nimuSi, romelsac
kidev ufro aSkara sulieri `naTesaoba~ gaaCnia sveticxovlis
- 271 -
gonios bareliefTan.
daaxloebiT Zv. w. 2800-2400 wlebs Soris agebuli egvip-
turi samarxis reliefze aRmoCenil iqna kargad Senaxuli naxa-
ti, romelzedac gamosaxulia Svidi xelosani. isini sami moz-
rdili qvis damuSavebis procesSi arian.24
nax. 20
ricxviTi simbolikis enaze mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom am
sam qvas Svidi ostati imgvarad amuSavebs, rom sami maTgani zo-
mavs, xolo danarCeni oTxi saWreTliTa da CaquCiT amuSavebs.
ese igi, sami xelosani gansazRvravs ideas, xolo oTxi mas fizi-
kurad axorcielebs.
rogorc reliefis Seswavlam aCvena, masze gamosaxul qvebs
sulac ar aqvs SemTxveviTi zomebi. maTi proporciebi da naxat-
ze miniSnebuli zomebi uaRresad mniSvnelovan geometriul
kanonzomierebebs Seicavs.
- 272 -
nax. 21
am gamosaxulebaze mocemulia sami oTxkuTxedi da me-
Todebi maTgan xuTi mniSvnelovani samkuTxedis agebis Sesaxeb.
am samkuTxedebis kaTetebis urTierTfardoba (1:1, 1:2, 2: 5,
3:4 da 4:5) saSualebas iZleva TiTqmis yvela im geometriuli
gamosaxulebis asagebad, romlebic uZvelesi droidanve wminda
figurebad iyvnen cnobili da, faqtobrivad, mTeli egvipturi
arqiteqtura maT safuZvelzea agebuli.
n. vasiutinskim moswrebulad SeniSna, rom, faqtobrivad,
am reliefze uZvelesi geometriis is saxelmZRvaneloa gamosa-
xuli, romlidanac egvipteli xuroTmoZRvrebi nagebobaTa
proporciebis dasadgenad sargeblobdnen.
rogorc vxedavT, sveticxovlis bareliefis msgavsad, aqac
swored sami qvisgan Semdgari kompoziciaa gamosaxuli. Tu
egviptur reliefze Svidi ostatia warmodgenili, sveticxo-
velSi es idea ufro lakoniuria da mxolod ostatis xelisa
da samSeneblo instrumentis gamosaxviT Semoifargleba. orive
SemTxvevaSi mocemulia is geometriuli kanonzomierebebi,
romelTa safuZvelzedac Sesabamisi periodebis sakulto nage-
bobebi iqmneboda.
sveticxovlis òqros gonio~ imdenad amomwuravad iZ-
leva ganzomilebis anTropometrul sistemas, rom Cven isRa
dagvrCenia SevamowmoT, namdvilad es sazomebi aris Tu ara
gamoyenebuli Tavad sveticxovlis taZris agebisas.
rogorc mosalodneli iyo, es asecaa. sveticxovlis taZ-
ris yvela mniSvnelovani zoma swored òqros gonios~ moce-
muli ganzomilebis sistemis modulebis jeradia.
ramdenadac taZris sazomi erTeulebi napovnia, ukve ad-
vilad xerxdeba misi zomebis Sesabamisi ricxvebiT gamosaxva,
riTac kidev erTi aspeqtiT warmoCindeba sveticxovelisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli sulieri simbolika — am SemTxvevaSi ricxviTi
simbolika.
- 273 -
nax. 22
rogorc naxazidan Cans, taZris zomadoba sruliad naT-
lad gaazrebul ricxviT simbolikas eqvemdebareba. amis garda
aRsaniSnavia, rom ZiriTadi gabarituli zomebis gansazRvri-
sas yvelgan SesaZlebelia egreT wodebuli `samefo wyrTiT~
modulireba, riTac gaTvaliswinebulia is bibliuri kanonzo-
miereba, rom taZris aRdgenisas swored es sazomi iqna gamo-
yenebuli. arsukiZis agebuli taZaric xom sveticxovlis ganax-
lebis SemTxvevaa.
ase rom, xuroTmoZRvari taZris zomadobis gansazRvrisas
uaRresad saintereso ricxviT koncefcias ayalibebs.
ramdenadac arsukiZis bareliefis geometriuli sqemisTvis
gamoyenebuli iyo wminda samkuTxedi da misgan Sedgenili heqsa-
grama, savaraudoa, rom igive gamosaxuleba Tavad arsukiZis
sveticxovlis taZarSic mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobdes. mar-
Tlac, rogorc irkveva, taZris moculobis umTavresi sakvanZo
wertilebi swored am geometriuli figuris kanonzomierebebs
eqvemdebareba:
- 274 -
nax. 23
mocemuli heqsagramisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli iracionalo-
bis modulirebamde dayvanis Semdeg Senobis ZiriTadi maxasi-
aTeblebi Tanazomadebi xdebian, ris Semdegac òqros gonios~
sazomi erTeulebi mTeli ricxvebiT Tavsdebian maT sidideeb-
Si.
aqve SeiZleba mivaniSnoT im sulier ricxviT simbolikaze-
dac, rac mocemuli sqemidan vlindeba.
qristianuli msoflmxedvelobis mixedviT, taZris mTeli
nageboba moazrebulia rogorc macxovris sxeuli. saxareba
gvauwyebs, rom miwier planSi 42 Taoba moandoma ebraelma
erma, raTa mis wiaRSi momzadebuliyo is RvTaebrivi sxeuli,
sadac Tavad ufali unda gankacebuliyo. ricxvi 42 simbolu-
rad swored im sxeuls ukavSirdeba, romelic ufalma Seimosa.
sxeulTan mimarTebaSi imave ricxviT simbolikas winareqris-
tianul misteriebSic xSirad vxvdebiT.
es idea uaRresad naTladaa gacxadebuli sveticxovlis
taZris geometriuli sqemis gaazrebisas. rogorc naxazidan
Cans, taZris ZiriTadi navis ganmsazRvreli heqsagramis radiu-
si swored 42 `samefo wyrTaa~. es sazomi ki swored is bibliuri
sazomia, romelic ezekielis gamocxadebaSia mocemuli da rom-
- 275 -
liTac ganxorcielda kidec solomonis ganaxlebuli taZris
zomadoba. aseve niSandoblivia is faqtic, rom sveticxovlis
igive heqsagrama afiqsirebs ZiriTadi navis sigrZisa da siganis
aseve sakralur mniSvnelobebs — 21 `samefo tani~ da 12 `samefo
tani~. orive es ricxviTi gamosaxuleba cnobili saxarebiseuli
simboloa.
analogiuri suraTi gvaqvs taZris fasadebisTvisac:
nax. 24
rogorc naxazidan Cans, taZris dasavleT fasadis saxes
gansazRvravs igive geometriuli gamosaxuleba, rac òqros
gonios~ kompozicias da taZris horizontalur gegmils.
aRsaniSnavia erTi detalic: taZris fasadze gamosaxuli
heqsagramis centri emTxveva frontonis samkuTxedSi Cawerili
- 276 -
TaRis Tavs. es ukve TavisTavad mravlismetyvelia simbolikis
TvalsazrisiT, magram am wertilis gansakuTrebuloba kidev
ufro xazgasmuladaa warmoCenili. TaRis Tavze gamosaxulia
macxovris bareliefi. fasadis centraluri wertili zustad
macxovris fexebis sayrdens warmoadgens.
nax. 25
am SemTxvevaSi Cven sveticxovlis taZris uaRresad mra-
valricxovani elementebis mxolod mciredi nawili mimovixi-
leT, magram, vfiqrobT, am ramdenime magaliTidanac naTlad
ikveTeba is faqti, rom taZris mSenebeli xuroTmoZRvari Ses-
aniSnavadaa garkveuli sveticxovlis misteriis urTules ni-
uansebSi da Tavisi Semoqmedebis farglebSi warmatebiT axer-
xebs am ideebis formaSi gacxadebas.
- 277 -
Tavi VIII
wminda ninos sveticxovlis taZari
rogorc naTqvami iyo, wminda ninom IV saukunis 30-ian wleb-

Si uflis kvarTis daflvis adgilas sveticxovlis taZari daa-
fuZna. wminda ninos sveticxoveli imave adgilas arsebobda, sa-
dac XI saukunis dasawyisSi xuroTmoZRvarma arsukiZem dResac
arsebuli sveticxovlis taZari aago.
1970-71 wlebSi sveticxovlis saremonto-sarestavracio
samuSaoebis Catarebisas (xelmZRvaneli v. cincaZe) mikvleul
iqna wminda ninos taZris saZirkvlebi.1 gamoikveTa rogorc
svetebis, aseve grZivi kedlebis saZirkvlebis geometriuli
sqema.
- 278 -
nax. 26
wminda ninos sveticxovelSi gamovlenilia sami grZivi ked-
lis lenturi saZirkvlebi, rac saSualebas iZleva Senobis kon-
turebi moviniSnoT, magram am saZirkvlebisa da svetebis arse-
buli urTierTganlageba samSeneblo praqtikis farglebSi ar
Tavsdeba. vfiqrobT, sruliad naTelia, rom sqemaze mocemul
oTxkuTxa formis Senobas ase qaosurad ganlagebul svetebs
aravin mouwyobda. anki ra gauWirdaT iseTi, rom oTxkuTxa Se-
nobaSi swor xazze ver ganalages svetebi.
rogorc wminda ninos cxovrebis amsaxvel arseniseul
- 279 -
versiaSi vkiTxulobT, wminda ninom, àxalman man beseliel,
xuroTmoZRurebisa sibrZniTa aRvsebulman da misisave madli-
sa Rirsqmnilman saRmrTo igi taZari gamousaxa. da viTar igi
gamousaxavda, erni igi aSenebdes.~2
rogorc vxedavT, wminda nino Tavisi xuroTmoZRvruli
sibrZniT Sedarebulia beselielTan. Zveli aRTqmis mixedviT
ki beselieli iyo is xuroTmoZRvari, romelmac moses karavi
aago.
sveticxovelTan dakavSirebulma gaTxrebma gamoavlina,
rom taZris Zeluri kedlebis lentur saZirkvlebSic didi
`gaugebrobaa~. taZars sami grZivi kedeli aRmoaCnda daaxloe-
biT 2 da 4 metris malebiT. samSeneblo masalis analizma aCvena,
rom saZirkvlebi erTdrouladaa Sesrulebuli. kedlebis am-
gvari ganlageba Cveulebrivi samSeneblo gegmarebis Tvalsaz-
risiT imdenad gaugebari aRmoCnda, rom v. cincaZem ivarauda,
rom taZari jer 6 metris siganis Sendeboda da mSeneblobis
procesSive igi daviwroebul iqna 4 metramde.
ras unda niSnavdes aseTi gaugebroba?
erTi mxriv, taZris amSenebeli xuroTmoZRvruli sibrZniT
beselielTanaa Sedarebuli, xolo, meore mxriv, nivTieri masa-
lis kvleva cdilobs dagvarwmunos, rom taZris mSenebelma jer
svetebi ganalaga uTavbolod, Semdeg ki kedlebi rom aaSena,
aRar moewina Senoba, dasavleTis kedeli moarRvia da taZari 2
metriT daaviwrova.
vfiqrobT, saWiroa saTanado ndoba gamovucxadoT rogorc
werilobiT wyaroebs, aseve nivTier masalas. amave dros, swo-
rad gaviTvaliswinoT is sulieri safuZvlebi, romlebmac taZ-
ris amgvari saxiT warmodgena gansazRvres.
gavixsenoT, Tu rogor mogviTxrobs `qarTlis moqceva~
pirveli sveticxovlis mSeneblobis Sesaxeb:
adgili taZris mSeneblobisTvis mirian mefem SearCia. saRv-
To gangebulebiT igi daemTxva im adgils, sadac uflis kvarTi
iyo dafluli da saflavze naZvi aRmarTuliyo.
`da meyseulad moiRes Zeli da iwyes Senebad. da mohkue-
Tes naZvi igi da Semzades suetad da ZirTa misTa zeda dadves
safuZveli eklesiisaY. da iyo suetisa mis saSinel xilvaY da
saZirkueli, romeli zemo weril ars.
xolo odes moiwia Jami aRmarTebad sueti igi pirvel mox-
senebuli, iwyes xuroTa maT aRmarTebad da ver uZles.~3
mefem da mSeneblebma yoveli Rone ixmares, magram vera-
- 280 -
friT SeZles svetis aRmarTva. rodesac daRamda, wminda nino
Tavis mowafeebTan erTad darCa mSeneblobis adgilas da mTeli
Rame locvaSi gaatara. gamTeniisas moxda saswauli:
`da wmidaY nino dga xel-aRpyrobil. da aha esera zeda-moad-
ga Wabuki erTi yovladve naTliTa Semosili, da moeblardna
cecxlis-saxed zewari, da arquna samni raime sityuani netarsa
ninos. xolo igi daeca pirsa zeda Tvissa. xolo Wabukman man
miyo xeli suetsa mas da upyra Tavi da aRamaRla da wariRo
simaRlesa caTasa . . . da aha vixile sueti igi cecxlis-saxed
Camovidoda da moeaxla xarisxsa mas Tvissa.~4
ase aRimarTa sveticxovlis taZris umTavresi simbolo —
cocxali sveti. rogorc `moqceva~ gvauwyebs, igi saswaulmo-
qmedi aRmoCnda. mravalni `sneulni movidodes da ganikurne-
bodes, vidremdis mefeman Seqmna saburveli ZelisaY garemois
suetsa mas da dafara xedvisagan da egreT Seexebodes erni
sarTulsa mas da ganikurnebodes mwrafl da adidebdes Rmer-
Tsa sakvirvelT-moqmedsa.
da iwyo mefeman aRSenebad samoTxesa mas Sina eklesiasa
gulsmodginebiTa da sixaruliTa didiTa.~5
rogorc vxedavT, taZris mSenebloba or nawiladaa warmod-
genili. jer moxda Svidi svetis aRmarTva, romelTagan meSvide
gansakuTrebulia. garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi es svete-
bi xilvadobisTvis Riaa da xalxs SeuZlia Seexos kidec maT.
SemdgomSi mefem isini `dafara xedvisagan~. da iqve mieTiTeba,
rom mirianma iwyo taZris Seneba. ese igi, moxda kedlebis Se-
moSeneba. SemdegSi taZris SigniT araTu xalxi, aramed mefec ki
ekrZalvoda Sesvlas.
gaTxrebisas gamovlenili masalac adasturebs zemoT moy-
vanil msjelobas. taZris formas gansazRvraven kedlebi, xolo
svetebi uSualod ar monawileoben am formis SeqmnaSi. maT
aSkarad gansxvavebuli funqcia akisriaT, vidre wminda samSe-
neblo, rogoricaa saxuravis dayrdnoba da kedlebis damagre-
ba. SesaZloa, isini nawilobriv am funqciasac asruleben, mag-
ram maTi ganlageba adasturebs, rom es funqcia am SemTxvevaSi
meorexarisxovania da mxolod SeTavsebuli.
mniSvnelovania gaTxrebisas gamovlenili kidev erTi Sedegi.
àqve gamovlenil iqna fragmentebi wyobisa, Sesrule-
buli sufTad CaTlili kvadrebiT, romlebic gansxvavebulia
xis taZris cokolis kvadrebisagan, romlebic Sesrulebulia
riyis qvis masalisagan. es fragmentebi gvaZleven safuZvels
- 281 -
vifiqroT, rom ufro Zvel droSi aq unda yofiliyo aRmarTu-
li warmarTuli kultis samsxverplo, romelic mSeneblobisas
dangreul iqna wminda ninos mier~ (v. cincaZe).
vfiqrobT, es varaudi marTebulia, radgan warmarTuli
sakulto nagebobis adgilas qristianuli taZris ageba gama-
rTlebul praqtikad iTvleboda. cxadia, ar aris aucilebeli,
rom es nageboba maincdamainc samsxverplo yofiliyo.
Tu gavixsenebT, rom baRi, sadac taZari aSenda, manamdec
samoTxed iyo wodebuli da mSeneblobis adgilic Tavad mirian
mefem SearCia, gasakvirveli ar unda iyos, rom mefes swored
aseTi gansakuTrebuli adgili SeerCia. rogorc Cans, miuxeda-
vad imisa, rom uflis kvarTis saflavis adgili gasaidumloe-
buli iyo, es adgili ZvelTaganve wminda adgilad iTvleboda
da mis siaxloves agebuli yofila warmarTuli sakulto nage-
boba. am warmarTuli nagebobis adgilas wminda ninom qristia-
nuli taZari aago. warmarTuli sakulto nagebobis qristianul
taZrad gadakeTebisas wminda ninos mouxda Zveli nagebobis
garkveuli funqciebis qristianulad gadaazreba, ramac gansaz-
Rvra taZris orientacia da svetebis specifikuri ganlageba.
vidre wminda ninos sveticxovelTan dakavSirebul nivTo-
briv masalas ganvixilavdeT, albaT, saWiroa SeZlebisdagvarad
gavarkvioT, Tu ras mogviTxroben uZvelesi werilobiTi wya-
roebi am taZris Sesaxeb.
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, taZris mSenebloba danawevrebuli
saxiTaa warmodgenili. pirvelad wminda ninom, àxalman man be-
seliel, xuroTmoZRurebisa sibrZniTa aRvsebulman da misisave
madlisa Rirsqmnilman saRmrTo igi taZari gamousaxa. da vi-
Tar igi gamousaxavda, erni igi aSenebdes.~6 mSeneblobis pirvel
etapze taZrisTvis gaTvaliswinebuli Svidi svetidan aRmarTul
iqna eqvsi. meSvide svetis, anu `cocxali svetis~ aRmarTeba
ukve gansakuTrebuli movlenaa taZris mSeneblobaSi. `moqceva~
am epizodisagan xazgasmulad gamijnavs mSeneblobis Semdgom
etapsac, roca taZris Svidi svetis aRmarTebidan garkveuli
drois Semdeg mirian mefem `Seqmna saburveli ZelisaY garemois
suetsa mas da dafara xedvisagan . . . da iwyo mefeman aRSenebad
samoTxesa mas Sina eklesiasa gulsmodginebiTa da sixaruliTa
didiTa.~7
rogorc vTqviT, mSeneblobis es etapi ukve kedlebis Se-
moSenebas gulisxmobs, ris Semdegac manamde Svidi svetiT mo-
cemul nagebobas moculobiTi saxe eZleva.
- 282 -
taZris mSenebloba suliwmidis madliT aRvsili wminda ni-
nos winaswar gansazRvruli gegmiT iwyeba da igi Sedarebulia
moses karvis xuroTmoZRvarTan — beselielTan. mcdari iqneba
vifiqroT, rom teqstis avtors am SedarebiT mxolod wminda
ninos xuroTmoZRvruli ostatobis Seqeba surdes. vfiqrobT,
mocemuli Sedareba sruliad garkveul sulier xats gvTava-
zobs. am gziT uSualod mieniSneba im paralelze, rac mcxeTis
sveticxovlis taZarsa da beselielis mier agebul moses karavs
Soris arsebobs. moses karavi swored is wminda adgilia, saida-
nac mose RvTaebrivi svetis saSualebiT ukavSirdeboda RmerTs.
es sveti dRisiT Rrublis, xolo RamiT cecxlovani saxiT ec-
xadeboda ebrael ers. mcxeTis cocxali svetic Tavis erT-erT
aspeqtSi swored am svets ganasaxierebs. moses karavTan aR-
marTuli cecxlovani sveti Tavis istorias mcxeTis sveticxo-
velSi agrZelebs.
qarTlis kaTalikos-patriarq nikoloz I-is mier XII sauku-
neSi Sedgenil `sveticxovlis sakiTxavSi~ vkiTxulobT:
`gixaroden sueto Tana mzraxvelo da mesaidumleo didisa
RvTismetyvelisa moseso. gixaroden winamZRolo da Tana mog-
zauro israelTao: gixaroden axlisa sjulisa momaswavebelo.
Tabors da iordanes msaxur qmnilo Zisa RvTisao.~8
ese igi, nikoloz I mcxeTis svets uSualod im svetad moi-
azrebs, romelic moses ecxadeboda da ebrael ers win miuZ-
Roda.
es aris mcxeTis cocxali svetis mxolod erT-erTi aspeqti.
aqve gvinda yuradReba gavamaxviloT wminda ninos taZarTan
dakavSirebul kidev erT Taviseburebaze.
rogorc cnobilia, warmarTul sakulto nagebobebSi ga-
damwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeboda nagebobis elementebis mi-
marTebas mTel kosmosTan. magaliTad, rogorc Tanamedrove
gamokvlevebic adastureben, jer kidev druidebis taZrebSi
arc erTi qva ise ar daideboda, Tu igi TanxmobaSi ar iqneboda
astrologiur sistemasTan. Senobis yoveli elementi `ciur
ganzomilebaTa~ Sesabamisad ewyoboda.
uZvelesi induri taZrebi specialuri sqemebis — mandale-
bis mixedviT Sendeboda. mandala warmoadgens magiur diagra-
mas (ufro xSirad gamoiyeneboda kvadratuli mandalebi 64
(8X8), an 81 (9X9) kvadratuli ujrediT), romlis yovel ele-
ments winaswar gansazRvruli sulieri mniSvneloba eniWeboda.
faqtobrivad, es aris energetikuli velis sqema, romelic
- 283 -
Tavis TavSi simbolurad moicavs mTeli kosmosis warmosaxviT
saxes, gaazrebuls induri kosmogoniis mixedviT. sxva mraval
simbolur mniSvnelobasTan erTad, mandalebi iZlevian uaRre-
sad zust sivrciT da droiT orientirebsac. am diagramebiT
zustad fiqsirdeba sivrcis sakvanZo wertilebi ciur sxeulTa
moZraobebTan mimarTebaSi. magaliTad, igi iTvaliswinebs mzis
amosvlisa da Casvlis wertilebs, rogorc zamTrisa da zafxu-
lis mzebudobebisas, aseve dReRamsworebis wertilebSi, plane-
taruli moZraobebis sxvadasxva saxeebs da, saerTod, Zalze
naTlad ikiTxeba astronomiuli movlenebis TvalsazrisiT.
amitomac iTvleba, rom `xuroTmoZRvruli nageboba, agebuli
mis safuZvelze, Tavis TavSi moicavs mTel samyaros da coc-
xal arsebebs sam planSi: miwisqveSaSi, miwiersa da zeciurSi.~9
amave dros, realur planSi, mandalebis diagramebis elemen-
tebi adamianis sxeulis Sesabamisi zomebiT gamoisaxeba. adami-
anis sxeulis zoma maT ZiriTad sazom erTeuls warmoadgens.
ciur ganzomilebaTa da miwier formaTa Sesabamisoba asaxu-
lia warsulis yvela civilizaciis mier Seqmnil sakulto nage-
bobebSi, Sesabamisad maTi kosmologiuri Sexedulebebisa. ram-
denadac es sakulto nagebobebi uSualod ukavSirdebodnen Se-
sabamisi religiuri ritualis wliur cikls, isini, amave dros,
warmoadgendnen sakmaod maRali sizustis kalendarul siste-
mebsac. religiuri ritualis dReebic swored maT mixedviT aiT-
vleboda. kalendaruli dReebis aTvlisTvis amosavali princi-
pebi swored ciuri sxeulebis moZraobebiT ganisazRvreboda.
qristianul taZarSi amgvari aqcentebi erTgvarad Sesuste-
bulia, magram, cxadia, es ar niSnavs, rom igi ar aris Sesabamiso-
baSi kosmosur movlenebTan. qristianul taZarTmSeneblobaSi
astrologiuri sistemidan mxolod ZiriTadi aspeqtebia Se-
narCunebuli, xolo maTi dacva da formaSi ganxorcieleba Se-
muSavebuli kanonikis meSveobiT xorcieldeba.
adreqristianul epoqaSi, roca jer kidev ar iyo SemuSave-
buli amgvari kanonika da, saerTod, qristianuli dogmatic
Camoyalibebis procesSi iyo, bunebrivia, warmarTuli memkvi-
dreoba ufro Ria saxiT vlindeboda. es Seexeba adamianuri
moRvaweobis yvela sferos da, maT Soris, cxadia, taZarTmSe-
neblobasac.
rogorc zemoTac aRvniSneT, wminda ninos mier agebuli sveti-
cxovlis taZris svetebs uaRresad specifikuri ganlageba aqvT.
gare samyarosTan mimarTebaSi maTi ganxilva naTlad gviCvenebs,
- 284 -
rom isini qmnian sruliad gansazRvrul sistemas, romelic ori-
entirebulia mTel rig astrologiur movlenebze. amave dros
igi afiqsirebs qristianuli ritualis damaxasiaTebeli wliuri
kalendris sakvanZo wertilebsac. ase rom, svetebis TiTqosda
qaosuri ganlageba sinamdvileSi mxolod moCvenebiTia. yoveli
maTganis adgili maRali sizustiTaa gansazRvruli.
rogorc iTqva, Tavad taZris mSeneblobis amsaxvel
teqstebSi xazgasmuladaa naCvenebi, rom taZris mSenebloba im-
gvarad moxda, rom svetebi garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi Ria
saxiT asrulebdnen TavianT funqciebs. mxolod Semdeg moxda
kedlebis SemoSeneba — ese igi, aigo taZris kedlebi. amitomac,
albaT, ufro moxerxebuli iqneba, Tu Cvenc amgvari Tanmimdev-
robiT ganvixilavT wminda ninos sveticxovlis im saxes, rom-
lis dadgenis saSualebasac gaTxrebis monacemebi iZleva.
am monacemebiT advilad xerxdeba svetebis ganlagebis
sqemisa da maTi diametrebis sidideTa aRdgena. mxolod Ta-
vad umTavresi svetis zust gegmilze ver vimsjelebT am masa-
liT, radgan, rogorc `qarTlis cxovreba~ iuwyeba da gaTxre-
bis Sedegebic adastureben, mefe mirdatis dros (IV saukunis
bolos) am saswaulebrivi svetisgan damzadebul iqna patara
jvrebi da morwmuneTa Soris ganawilda, xolo imave adgilas
qvis sveti daidga. am svetis saZirkveli aSkaradaa gamovle-
nili. Tavad qvis sveti garkveuli gadakeTebiT dResac dgas
sveticxovelSi. vidre umTavresi svetis gegmils calke Seve-
xebodeT, jerjerobiT swored am qvis svetis saZirkvlis saxe
davitanoT sqemaze:
nax. 27
ramdenadac gansaxilveli sistema garkveul msoflmxed-
velobriv safuZvels emyareba da, amave dros, geometriuli
simbolikidan momdinare Taviseburebebic gaaCnia, albaT mar-
Tebulia, rom taZris svetebiT Seqmnili geometriuli sistema
swored amgvar kanonzomierebebTan kavSirSi iqnas ganxiluli.
- 285 -
pirobiTad svetebi aRvniSnoT laTinuri anbanis asoebiT.
meti TvalsaCinoebisaTvis yoveli sveti gansaxilvel sistemaSi
gamovyoT misi funqciis garkvevasTan erTad.
Tu svetebis ganlagebis sqemas davakvirdebiT, SevamCnevT,
rom maT TiTqosda qaosur ganlagebaSi gamoikveTeba mniSvnelo-
vani geometriuli figura — B, C da D svetebi qmnian tolgverda
samkuTxeds:
F G
D
nax. 28
gansaxilvel sqemaSi am geometriuli figuris gamoCena
ar aris SemTxveviTi. tolgverda samkuTxedi TiTqmis yvela
kulturis mistikuri warmodgenebis erT-erTi umTavresi sim-
boluri gamosaxulebaa.
ramdenadac cnobilia, qristianuli simbolika, ZiriTadad,
aRebulia Zveli aRTqmiseuli (ese igi iudeuri) an antikuri
samyarodan. qristianuli eklesiis mamebma mogvces am simboli-
kis qristianuli interpretacia. maT naazrevSi sruladaa gaT-
valiswinebuli winamorbedi mistikis safuZvlebi, magram igi
- 286 -
mTlianad axali moZRvrebis poziciebidanaa ganWvretili.
gansaxilveli samkuTxedi rogorc iudeuri, aseve antikuri
samyarosTvis damaxasiaTebeli sulieri simbolikis erT-erTi
centraluri elementia. magaliTad, iudaizmis mistikur war-
modgenaSi egreT wodebuli daviTis varskvlavis gamosaxuleba
swored am samkuTxedisgan iqmneba. xolo antikur samyarosTan
mimarTebaSi dReisTvis igi gansakuTrebiT platonis kosmo-
goniidanaa cnobili. es samkuTxedi, rogorc sulieri niSani,
iudeur da berZnul misteriebamdeli kulturebisTvisac erT-
erT umTavres gamosaxulebas warmoadgenda.
aRniSnuli samkuTxedis, rogorc sulieri simbolos arse-
boba wminda ninos taZris struqturaSi sruliad bunebrivia,
radgan cnobilia, rom IV saukunis saqarTveloSic aqtiurad
xdeboda antikuri samyarodan momdinare sulieri simbolikis
qristianulad gadaazreba.
albaT, marTebuli iqneba, Tu mokled gavixsenebT plato-
nis damokidebulebas am formasTan.
demokrites atomisturi moZRvrebisagan gansxvavebiT, pla-
toni samyaros safuZvlad, mis umcires saSen erTeulad saxavs
ara raRac ganuyofel materialur nawilaks, aramed abstraqtul
geometriul formas. amgvar pirvelad erTeulad mas warmoud-
genia swored samkuTxedi. rodesac Tavis elementarul sam-
kuTxeds `pirvelads~ uwodebs, platoni marto imas rodi gu-
lisxmobs, rom pirveli umartivesi, elementaruli geometriu-
li figura samkuTxedia, aramed, platonis `samkuTxeds~ Tavisi
Rrmad simboluri mniSvneloba aqvs. is warmoadgens `timeosis~
mTel `samebas~, anu `triadas~, romlis pirveli wevria sam-
yaros Semoqmedi (`poietes~) da mama (`pater~), igive WeSmariti
arsi, anu demiurgosi, ucvlelobis, waruvalobis, TviTigi-
veobis, yovliserTobis racionaluri pirvelsawyisi: èrTi~,
anu `monada”; meore — yovlismimrqmeli (`pandexes~) materia,
yovelgvaris dabadebis ZiZa da deda (`meter~), amorfulobis,
cvalebadobis, ganusazRvrelobis iracionaluri principi, anu
òri~ — `diada”; mesame ki erTis gaorebaa, anu monadis `dia-
daSi~ gadasvliT warmoqmnili grZnobad-konkretuli samyaro
(Svili), romelic erTdroulad wilnayaria rogorc mamis, ise
dedis bunebasTan.~10
erT-erT pirvelad samkuTxedad platons miaCnia marTkuTxa
samkuTxedi, romlis mcire kaTeti orjer mcirea hipotenuzaze.
swored misgan da tolferda marTkuTxa samkuTxedisgan iqmneba
- 287 -
yvela is stiqia (cecxli, haeri, wyali, miwa), romlebisganac
ganxorcielebulia mTeli grZnobadi samyaro. maTi Sesabamisi
abstraqtuli formebis CamoyalibebasTan dakavSirebiT pla-
toni gvauwyebs, rom `misi pirvelsawyisia samkuTxedi, romlis
hipotenuza patara kaTetze orjer ufro grZelia. Tuki or
amgvar samkuTxeds hipotenuzebiT mivadgamT da erTmaneTTan
SevaerTebT, samjer gavimeorebT amgvar moqmedebas da Tanac
ise, rom patara kaTetebma da hipotenuzebma erT wertilSi,
rogorc TavianT centrSi moiyaron Tavi, — eqvsi amnairi sam-
kuTxedi erT tolgverda samkuTxeds mogvcems.~11
nax. 29
Tavis mxriv, am samkuTxedisgan iqmneba cecxlis, haerisa da
wylis Sesabamisi abstraqtuli sxeulebis (tetraedri, oqtae-
dri, ikosaedri) geometriuli saxeebi.
rogorc wminda ninos taZris svetebis ganlageba gviCvenebs
(nax. 28), sami sveti (B, C da D) swored amgvar tolgverda sam-
kuTxeds qmnis.
aq, albaT, SeiZleba daibados kiTxva: Tuki es samkuTxedi
yvela kulturis sulier simbolikaSi mniSvnelovan rols as-
rulebs, ratom vfiqrobT, rom wminda ninos taZris samkuTxedi
maincdamainc mis antikur interpretaciasTanaa dakavSirebuli.
am sakiTxis gasarkvevad saWiroa gansaxilveli samkuTxede-
bi maTi danarCeni parametrebiTac SevadaroT.
rogorc vnaxeT, platonis tolgverda samkuTxedi eqv-
si erTmaneTSi `Cadgmuli~ iseTi marTkuTxa samkuTxedisagan
Sedgeboda, romlis hipotenuza orjer didia mcire kaTetze.
ese igi, Tu mis erTeul sazoms warmoadgens mcire kaTeti, ma-
Sin hipotenuza toli iqneba 2 erTeulis. ramdenadac am sam-
kuTxedebiT Sedgenili tolgverda samkuTxedis gverdis zomas
swored es hipotenuza warmoadgens, gamodis, rom platonis
tolgverda samkuTxedis gverdis zoma swored 2 erTeuli yo-
fila.
- 288 -
nax. 30
axla ganvixiloT wminda ninos taZris Sesabamisi tol-

gverda samkuTxedi. misi parametrebis gasarkvevad gaTxrebis
masalidan avzomoT Sesabamisi sidideebi. irkveva, rom wminda
ninos taZris svetebiT Seqmnili tolgverda samkuTxedis gver-
dis zoma aris 366 sm. es zoma warmodgenilia metrul siste-
maSi, magram taZris agebisas, cxadia, amgvari sazomi sistema
ar arsebobda. imxanad yovelgvari zomadoba eqvemdebareboda
ganzomilebis antropometrul sistemas. am sistemis sazomi
erTeulebi uSualod adamianis fizikuri sxeulis realuri
zomebidan momdinareobda. sakmarisia gansazRvrul iqnas eta-
lonad miRebuli sxeulis zoma (ese igi, adamianis simaRle, an
misi gaSlili xelebiT dafiqsirebuli zoma), rom danarCeni
sidideebi (wyrTa, fexi, goji . . .) ukve meqanikurad ganisaz-
Rvrebian. amgvari sistemebis umTavresi problema imaSi mdgo-
mareobs, rom sxvadasxva qveyanaSi adamianis etalonur zomad
sxvadasxva simaRle iyo miRebuli. ramdenadac amjerad Cven,
jer erTi, berZnul samyarosTan veZebT paralelebs, da meo-
rec, Tavad wminda ninoc swored berZnuli samyarodan movida
saqarTveloSi, bunebrivia, Cvenc pirvelad swored ganzomile-
bis berZnul anTropometrul sistemas mivapyroT yuradReba.
rogorc cnobilia, berZnuli sazomi sistemis safuZvels
warmoadgens etalonad miRebuli adamianis sxeulis simaRle
— 183 sm. es sazomi aris umTavresi erTeuli, xolo misi modu-
luri daSliT miiRebian sxva sazomi erTeulebi. berZnuli sam-
yaros xuroTmoZRvruli Zeglebis didi umravlesoba swored
am sazomi erTeulebiT izomeba.
rogorc vnaxeT, wminda ninos taZris sami svetisgan Sedge-
- 289 -
nili tolgverda samkuTxedis gverdis zoma tolia 366 sm-is.
es zoma zustad orjer iTavsebs berZnul sazoms (366=183X2).
ese igi, am samkuTxedis Semadgeneli platonuri marTkuTxa sam-
kuTxedis erTeul zomad (anu mcire kaTetis zomad) auRiaT
zustad adamianis simaRle da es zoma dauniSnavT berZnuli
anTropometruli sistemis etalonis mixedviT.
nax. 31
yovelive es ki gviCvenebs, rom, jer erTi, wminda ninos
taZarSi ganzomilebis sistemad gamoyenebuli yofila berZnu-
li anTropometruli sistema, da meorec, wminda ninos taZris
B, C da D svetebiT Sedgenili tolgverda samkuTxedi, misi pa-
rameterebis gaTvaliswinebiT, zustad emTxveva platonis ko-
smogoniaSi samyaros erT-erT umTavres safuZvlad miRebuli
samkuTxedis saxes.
platonuri tolgverda samkuTxedis sqemaze (nax. 30) ad-
vilad SevamCnevT, rom mis Semadgenel eqvs pirvelad sam-
kuTxeds urTierTgadakveTebiT miRebuli erTi saerTo werti-
li gaaCniaT. es aris gansaxilveli samkuTxedis centri. amgvar
elements ki sulieri simbolokis enaze uaRresad didi mniS-
vneloba eniWeba.
gadmovitanoT es msjeloba wminda ninos sveticxovlisTvisac
da es centraluri wertili mis analogiur samkuTxedSi aRvniS-
noT À“ asoTi (nax. 31). marTalia, es wertili svetebis ganlagebis
sqemaze jerjerobiT mxolod warmosaxviTia, magram, rogorc qve-
moT davinaxavT, swored igi warmoadgens gansakuTrebul adgils
- 290 -
wminda ninos taZris svetebiT gansazRvrul sistemaSi. swored
es aris is gansakuTrebuli wertili, saidanac xdeba dakvirveba
mTel rig astrologiur movlenebze. svetebiT Sedgenili mTeli
sistema, pirvel rigSi, swored am wertilzea orientirebuli.
sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, es aris is centraluri adgili, sadac
dgeba damkvirvebeli, rodesac taZris Svidi svetis daxmarebiT
awarmoebs ciuri sxeulebis mdebareobebis damzeras.
axla warmovidginoT, rom damkvirvebeli dgas am À“
wertilSi da gavarkvioT misi mimarTeba umTavres svetTan (na-
xazze `S“ sveti).
pirvelive SexedviT TvalSi sacemia, rom es sveti À“
wertilidan CrdiloeTiT mdebareobs.
gavixsenoT, rogor aris moTxrobili am svetis aRmarTebis
Sesaxeb `qarTlis moqcevaSi”:
mas Semdeg, rac mSeneblebma ver SeZles taZris umTavresi
svetis aRmarTeba, wminda ninom mTeli Rame locvaSi gaatara.
ganTiadisas moxda saswauli. zecidan daeSva `Wabuki erTi yov-
ladve naTliTa Semosili~ da sveti cad aitaca. amis Semdeg sve-
ti cecxlovani saxiT daeSva da Tavis saZirkvelze aRimarTa:
`da aha vixile sueti igi cecxlissaxed Camovidoda da moeax-
la xarisxsa mas Tvissa. da viTar daemarTa, da dadga zeda xaris-
xsa mas queyaniT aRSorebulad viTar aTormet wyrTa da neliad
Camoicvaleboda Tvissave mas zeda nakueTsa, rameTu xarisxad iyo
Ziri igi misi, romlisagan mokueTil iyo sueti igi cxoveli.~12
rogorc vxedavT, zecidan svetis daSvebis epizodis aR-
werisas naTqvamia, rom es procesi uwyvetad ar ganxorcielebu-
la. daSvebuli cecxlovani sveti dedamiwidan 12 wyrTis simaR-
leze SeCerda da amis Semdeg nela daeSva im Zirze, saidanac iyo
mokveTili. ese igi, svetma dedamiwidan 12 wyrTis simaRleze ra-
Rac sazRvari daafiqsira. ramdenadac es Txroba taZris mSeneb-
lobis process exeba, bunebrivia, rom amgvar urTierTdasaz-
Rvrul sivrceebad taZris Sida da gare sivrceebi vigulisxmoT.
SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom radgan 12 wyrTis simaRleze sveti gan-
sxvavebul sivrceSi gadavida, swored taZris simaRle yofila
amgvari zoma da, aqedan gamomdinare, Tavad am svetis simaRlec
12 wyrTa gamodis. am mosazrebas sxva damadasturebeli argu-
mentebic gaaCnia, romelTac qvemoT SevexebiT. amjerad gvinda
teqstSi moxsenebul am wertilze gavamaxviloT yuradReba.
warmovidginoT, rom damkvirvebeli dgas Cvens mier zemoT
ganxiluli samkuTxedis À“ centrSi da CrdiloeTiT cocxa-
- 291 -
li svetisken iyureba. ras SeiZleba igi xedavdes svetis Tavze
12 wyrTis simaRleze? Tu realur zomebs taZris gaTxrebis
monacemebidan aviRebT da damkvirveblis simaRlis gansaz-
Rvrisas vixelmZRvanelebT zemoT ganxiluli ganzomilebis an-
Tropometruli sistemis mixedviT, gamova, rom À“ wertilSi
mdgari damkvirvebeli `S“ svetis Tavze 12 wyrTis simaRleze
zustad polarul varskvlavs xedavs (angariSi Sesrulebulia
zusti trigonometriuli meTodiT mcxeTaSi sveticxovlis ad-
gilis geografiuli ganedisTvis, damkvirvebeli adamianis ara
mxolod dgomis zusti wertilis, aramed misi Tvalis realuri
mdebareobis gaTvaliswinebiTac).
nax. 32
Teoriuli gamoTvlebisa da realuri taZris anazomis mo-
nacemebi saocari sizustiT emTxveva erTmaneTs.
polaruli varskvlavi mzerisaTvis, cxadia, wertilad
aRiqmeba, maSin, roca svets raRac garkveuli diametris zoma
unda gaaCndes da, ese igi, misi Tavis romeliRac erTi werti-
li unda Seesabamebodes polarul varskvlavs. `qarTlis mo-
qcevaSi~ am svetis diametris Sesaxeb araferia naTqvami, magram
aRniSnuli kia, rom svetis zomebi gansakuTrebulad didi iyo,
imdenad rom ìyo suetisa mis saSinel xilvaY“.
gaTxrebis monacemebidan vxedavT, rom danarCeni svetebis
zomebi daaxloebiT 24-dan 37 sm-mde diametris farglebSi ic-
vlebian. eseni, ra Tqma unda, mcire zomis diametrebia da am-
gvari zomebiT veravis gaakvirvebdnen. zemoT moyvanili mosaz-
- 292 -
rebebidan uSualod gamomdinareobs umTavresi svetis ganivi
zomis mniSvnelobac.
irkveva, rom À“ wertilSi mdgari damkvirvebeli A sve-
tis Tavze 12 wyrTis simaRleze xedavs polarul varskvlavs.
rogorc geometriuli zomebiT irkveva, am varskvlavs igi sve-
tis kuTxeSi xedavs. es bunebrivicaa, radgan svetis Tavze sxva
wertili bunebrivad arc aris dafiqsirebuli. amave dros,
polaruli varskvlavis svetis kideze damzera imiTacaa mosa-
xerxebeli, rom damkvirvebeli naTlad xedavs samyaros RerZTan
dakavSirebul sawyis meridians. svetis farglebSi igi emTxveva
mis mTel kides da am kidis gaswvriv ciuri mnaTobebis zustad
danaxvac xerxdeba. polaruli varskvlavi rom svetis centrze
yofiliyo, jer erTi, am wertilis dafiqsirebas dasWirdeboda
damatebiTi RonisZiebani, da meorec, Tavad sveti Tavisi tanis
farglebSi dafaravda sawyis meridians da masze myofi sxva mna-
Tobebis aRqma SeuZlebeli iqneboda.
nax. 33 nax. 34
Tu kvlav sulier simbolikas davubrundebiT, amgvari su-
raTi warmogvidgeba: wminda ninos taZris sami svetisgan Se-
qmnili BCD samkuTxedis centrSi mdgari damkvirvebeli saku-
Tar Tavs, erTi mxriv, am samkuTxedis sulieri mniSvnelobidan
- 293 -
gamomdinare, ganicdis rogorc samyaros pirvelsawyisis cen-
trSi myofad, ese igi, mis uSualo ziarad da, meore mxriv, taZ-
ris umTavres svetTan mimarTebaSi igi imyofeba samyaros Rer-
Zze. igi erTdroulad ganicdis samyaros orive sazRvars, erTs
mikrosamyaroSi misi `pirveladi~ simboluri safuZvlis saxiT
da meores makrosamyaroSi mTeli kosmosis RerZis saxiT.
Tu mocemul msjelobas mivyvebiT, unda vivaraudoT, rom
arc Tavad BCD samkuTxedis orientacia unda iyos SemTxvevi-
Ti. marTlac, rogorc irkveva, misi DB gverdi orientirebulia
sveticxovlis aRmosavleTiT mdebare borcvis wverze, sadac
amjerad jvris monasteri mdebareobs, sveticxovlis agebis pe-
riodSi ki uSualod wminda ninos mier am adgilas aRmarTul
iqna saswaulebrivi jvari.
amgvari ZiriTadi orientirebis moniSvnis Semdeg ukve Se-
saZlebelia gavarkvioT svetebis urTierTmimarTebebiT gan-
sazRvruli mimarTulebebi.
rogorc cnobilia, msgavsi tipis uZveles sakulto nage-
bobebSi udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeboda mzis amosvlis momente-
bis fiqsacias. marTalia, sazogadod cnobilia, rom mze aRmosav-
leTiT amodis, magram, faqtobrivad, horizontze misi amosvlis
wertili yoveldRiurad icvleba. zustad aRmosavleTiT mze
weliwadSi mxolod orjer, gazafxulis da Semodgomis dReRam-
tolobebisas (21 marts da 23 seqtembers) amodis. gazafxulis
dReRamtolobis Semdeg mzis amosvlis wertili yoveldRiurad
gadaadgildeba CrdiloeTisaken da Tavis maqsimalur gadaxras
(daaxlovebiT 33q-s) zafxulis mzebudobisas, 21 ivniss aRwevs.13
amis Semdeg aRniSnuli wertili kvlav sawyisi punqtisken moZ-
raobs da 23 seqtembers kvlav 90q-iani azimutis, anu aRmosav-
leTis mimarTulebis dafiqsirebis Semdeg ukve samxreTis mi-
marTulebiT gadaadgildeba. zamTris mzebudobisas sawyisi Rer-
Zidan gadaxra maqsimaluria da 25 dekembridan, dRis matebasTan
erTad, mzis amosvlis azimutic TandaTan mcirdeba.
aqve gvinda SevniSnoT, rom mzis amosvlad iTvleba is momen-
ti, roca mzis diskos zeda wertili qvemodan exeba horizontis
xazs — ese igi, faqtobrivad, mze mxolod iwyebs amosvlas.
mniSvnelovania is garemoebac, rom mzis amosvlis werti-
lis dafiqsireba horizontis xazze mxolod gansakuTrebul
pirobebSia SesaZlebeli — roca mze zRvis mimarTulebidan
amodis, anda vrceli plato, an mkveTrad gavakebuli tramali
mdebareobs aRmosavleTis mxares. ufro xSirad reliefis kon-
- 294 -
turs Tavisi koreqtivebi Seaqvs mzis diskos damzeraSi.
mcxeTis aRmosavleT mxares sakmaod rTuli konturis mqone
qedi mdebareobs da, amdenad, mze yoveldRiurad gacilebiT
ufro gvian gamoCndeba am konturze, vidre es moxdeboda Ria
horizontze. amave dros, radgan mzis moZraobis traeqtoriac
daxrilia horizontis mimarT, igi qedis konturze gamoCndeba
ufro samxreTisaken gadaadgilebuli, vidre horizontze amos-
vlis SemTxvevaSi. ese igi, gaizrdeba azimutis mniSvneloba.
aRniSnul garemoebaTa gamo aucilebeli gaxda sagangebod

gamogvekvlia konkretulad sveticxovlis adgilidan danaxuli
mzis amosvlis wertilebi mTeli wliuri ciklisTvis.
rogorc gamokvlevam aCvena, taZris svetebis adgilebisa
da maTi diametrebis gansazRvrisas zedmiwevniT zustadaa gaT-
valiswinebuli mzis amosvlis yoveldRiuri monacvleoba da,
faqtobrivad, taZris svetebiT fiqsirdeba qristianuli kalen-
dris umniSvnelovanesi wertilebi.
zemoT moniSnuli `wminda samkuTxedis~ centrSi mdgom
damkvirvebels taZris umTavresi svetis Tavze polaruli var-
skvlavis danaxvis garda SeuZlia daafiqsiros kidev ramdenime
mniSvnelovani orientiri: zamTris mzebudobisas (25 dekembers)
igi E svetis kideze dainaxavs mzis amosvlis wertils. 25 dekem-
beri TiTqmis yvela warmarTuli religiuri sistemebis erT-
erTi umTavresi orientiria. mogvianebiT, warmarTul reli-
giur warmodgenebSi mocemuli mzis dabadebis dRe qristianul
kalendarSi qristes Sobis dRed mogvevlina.
astronomiuli TvalsazrisiT, zamTris mzebudobisas mzis
amosvlis wertili amTavrebs Tavis gadaxras samxreTisaken da
kvlav CrdiloeTisaken brundeba, anu sxvanairad rom vTqvaT,
dRis xangrZlivoba iwyebs matebas. horizontze mzis amosvlis
azimuti am dRes maqsimaluria — 121q.
- 295 -
Tu sveticxovlis `wminda samkuTxedis~ centrSi mdgari
damkvirvebeli B svets miapyrobs mzeras, SeamCnevs, rom mis ki-
deze mzis amosvla 29 agvistos aRiniSneba.
dRevandeli qristianuli kalendriT sruliad cxadia am
dRis mniSvneloba. 28 agvisto RvTismSoblis miZinebis dRea,
magram, rogorc cnobilia, es TariRi IV saukuneSi jer kidev ar
aRiniSneboda dRevandeli saxiT. RvTismSoblis miZinebis dRis
28 agvistos aRniSvna oficialurad mxolod IX saukunidan da-
kanonda. miuxedavad amisa, wliuri ciklis am punqts ZvelTa-
ganve gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeboda. konkretulad
gansaxilvel SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia Semdegi ga-
remoeba: swored im periodSi, rodesac moxda qarTlis moqceva
da wminda ninos mier pirveli sveticxovlis ageba, romis impe-
riaSi drois aTvlas diokletianes kalendriT awarmoebdnen. es
egreT wodebuli `diokletianes era~ SemoRebul iqna 284 wlis
29 agvistodan. ese igi, axali wlis dasawyisi 29 agvistos See-
sabameboda. es kalendari imdroindeli qristianuli samyaros
erT-erT umTavres kalendars warmoadgenda da, bunebrivia,
qarTlSic gaTvaliswinebuli iqneboda es faqti.
imave periodSi moqmedi àleqsandriuli erac~ wlis aT-
vlas swored 29 agvistos iwyebda. saerTodac cnobilia, rom
kalendaruli aTvlis dawyeba wlis am periodSi sakmaod dam-
kvidrebul tradicias warmoadgenda. berZnuli welTaRricxva,
romelsac mogvianebiT `bizantiuri era~ ewoda, welTaRricxvis
sawyisad Zv. w. 5508 wlis 1 seqtembers miiCnevda. aseve 1 seqtem-
bers aRiniSneboda axali weli antioqiuri kalendriTac (sawyi-
si — Zv. w. 5969 weli). mogvianebiT ebraul kalendarSic gaCnda
igive TariRi, roca wlis aTvla ierusalimis dacemidan iqna
dafiqsirebuli (axali welTaRricxvis 69 wlis 1 seqtemberi).14
rogorc vxedavT, sveticxovlis samkuTxedis centridan
fiqsirdeba sami mniSvnelovani orientiri: S svetis mimarT
samyaros RerZi, E-s mimarT zamTris mzebudoba da B-s mimarT
wliuri kalendris dasawyisi.
am SemTxvevaSi gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi garemoeba:
analogiuri tipis sakulto nagebobebSi raime mimarTule-
bis maqsimalurad zusti gansazRvrisaTvis sakmarisi ar aris
mzis amosvlis wertilis fiqsacia erTi svetis kideze. sizus-
tisaTvis aucilebelia, rom amgvar damzeraSi an ori sveti
monawileobdes, anda mzis amosvlis adgili reliefze mkveTrad
iyos gamokveTili.
- 296 -
polaruli varskvlavis damzera, cxadia, mxolod RamiTaa
SesaZlebeli. sveticxovelSi samyaros RerZis mimarTulebis
gansazRvrisaTvis amgvari meTodia gamoyenebuli: samkuTxedis
centridan A svetis Tavze polaruli varskvlavis mimarTule-
bis fiqsirebisaTvis ar aris aucilebeli Tavad am varskvlavis
uSualo aRqma. RerZis zustad gansazRvrisaTvis imave Rer-
Zze aRmarTulia meore svetic — F (ix. nax. 34). sakmarisia À“
wertilidan damkvirvebelma S da F svetebis kideebi erTmaneTs
SeuTavsos, rom S svetis marcxena zeda kuTxe zustad samyaros
RerZze aRmoCndeba. svetebis urTierTSeTavsebuli kideebi ki
emTxvevian samyaros nulovan meridians.
svetebis kideebis urTierTSeTavsebis meTodia gamoyeneb-
uli yvela danarCeni orientiris gansazRvrisTvisac. aRsani-
Snavia, rom samkuTxedis aRniSnuli centridan gansazRvrul
samive orientirs svetebis imave sistemaSi `dublikatebi~
gaaCniaT. ese igi, imave sistemaSi arseboben imave mimarTulebe-
bis gansazRvris sxva SesaZleblobanic. ise rom, damkvirvebeli
maincdamainc À“ wertilSi ki ar dgeba, aramed svetebis kidee-
bis SeTavsebiT ufro advilad gansazRvravs mzis amosvlis
wertilebs qedis konturze. E da G svetebis kideebze gamavali
wrfec aseve samyaros umTavres meridians afiqsirebs. D da F
svetebis mimarTuleba qmnis 29 agvistos mimarTulebis `dub-
likats~, xolo D da E svetebis kideebis SemaerTebeli wrfe
kvlav zamTris mzebudobis wertils mianiSnebs.
nax. 35
- 297 -
rogorc cnobilia, TiTqmis yvela xalxis religiur-ka-
lendarul sistemebSi erT-erT umTavres orientirs gazafxu-
lisa da Semodgomis dReRamtolobis wertilebi warmoadgenda,
rogorc aRvniSneT, zustad aRmosavleTidan, ese igi 90q-iani
azimutiT, mze mxolod am or dRes amodis. rogorc ebrauli
paseqis dResaswauli, aseve qristianuli aRdgoma swored am
movlenidan aiTvlebian. wminda ninos taZris agebis drois-
Tvis aRdgomis dResaswaulis gazafxulis dReRamtolobidan
aTvlis wesi ukve kanonikur saxes atarebda. ase rom, wliuri
kalendaruli ciklis am sakvanZo wertilis fiqsacia wminda
ninos taZris sistemaSi sruliad bunebrivia. marTlac, F da G
svetebis kideebis urTierTSeTavsebisas aRmosavleTiT mdebare
qedis CanaWdevSi fiqsirdeba mzis amosvla 95q-iani azimutiT.
am monacemis horizontze dayvanisas irkveva, rom reliefis
aRniSnul wertilSi mze mxolod im dRes amodis, roca igi
horizontze 90q-ian azimuts gaivlis. F da G svetebiT moce-
muli mimarTuleba mianiSnebs mTis konturis im gansakuTrebul
wertils, sadac mze 21 martsa da 23 seqtembers amodis.
wminda ninos taZris saZirkvlebis gaTxrebisas Sesrulebuli
anazomi ar aris iseTi maRali sizustis, rom mis mixedviT yvela
mimarTulebaze dabejiTebiT visaubroT, magram am masaliT sa-
varaudoa, rom igive svetebis sistema kidev ramdenime sivrciT
orientirs afiqsirebs. magaliTad, F da B svetebi azimutiT 19
ianvris, anu naTlisRebis Sesabamis mimarTulebas afiqsireben.
sagangebod gvinda SevexoT D da B svetebiT mocemuli orien-
taciis mniSvnelobas. rogorc aRvniSneT, es igive mimarTulebaa,
romliTac svetebis sistemis agebis dasawyisSi `wminda samkuTxe-
di~ iqna mimarTuli saswaulebrivi jvris aRmarTebis adgilisa-
ken. IV saukuneSi am adgilas wminda ninos mier aRmarTuli jvari
idga. yvela zemoT ganxilul SemTxvevaSi mze mTis qedis erT-
erT damaxasiaTebel wertilSi amodioda. amjeradac mze borcvis
Tavze amodis, magram im gansxvavebiT, rom aq qedis zedapiri
Tavisufali ki ar aris, aramed golgoTis jvarTan dakavSire-
buli simboloa mocemuli. mze rom Sesabamisi dResaswaulisas
jvris Zirze (ese igi, reliefis im wertilze, sadac jvaria das-
muli) amodiodes, sulieri simbolokis TvalsazrisiT miuRebel
suraT-xatTan gveqneboda saqme. wminda ninos mier borcvze aR-
marTuli jvari amomaval mzeze aRmarTuli gamoCndeboda.
mcxeTis jvarTan dakavSirebiT `moqceva~ saocar suraT-
xats gvTavazobs. mas Semdeg, rac dRevandeli jvris monastris
- 298 -
adgilas xis jvari iqna aRmarTuli, mcxeTelebma ixiles didi
saswauli: `viTarca cecxli dga da viTarca ali egzneboda zeda
Tavsa juarisasa samgzis mzisa ubrwyinvalesi.~16
rogorc vxedavT, `samgzis mzisa ubrwyinvalesi~ naTeba jvris
Tavze ixilveboda, rac suraT-xatis enaze zustad gamoxatavs
aRdgomis Semdegdroindeli jvris sulier Sinaarss. am niuansis
dasazusteblad iqve mieniSneba, rom es movlena sulTmofenobis
Semdeg xdeba (`da iyo raodenisame Jamisa Semdgomad, martviliisa
ukuana, ixiles saswauli didi da saSineli dResa oTxSabaTsa~).17
sulTmofenoba kalendarulad moZravi dResaswaulia da
igi, ZiriTadad, mais-ivnisis TveebSi aRiniSneba. am periodSi
mzis amosvlis wertili sakmaodaa gadaxrili CrdiloeTisken
da, amdenad, jvris aRmarTebis adgilidan didadaa dacilebuli.
sainteresoa gavarkvioT xiluli mzis monawileobiT ra dRes
aRiqmeba mcxeTaSi `moqcevaSi~ gadmocemuli suraT-xati. mze
rom jvris Tavs aliviT egznebodes, amisTvis saWiroa, rom mze
mTliani diskoTi qedis reliefis zeviT iyos amosuli da qedze
aRmarTuli jvris Tavamde moaswros amaRleba. rogorc irkveva,
mcxeTaSi amgvari SemTxveva gvaqvs 14 oqtombers, ese igi, swored
uflis kvarTis dResaswaulisas. am faqtis gaTvaliswinebiT
SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom am dResaswaulis daniSvnisas swored
`moqcevaSi~ mocemuli sulieri xati iqna gaTvaliswinebuli.
bolos, SeiZleba mokled SevajamoT yovelive zemoT Tqmu-
li da wminda ninos taZris svetebiT gansazRvruli orientire-
bi erTiani sqemis saxiT warmovadginoT:
nax. 36
- 299 -
Tu imave mimarTulebebis Sesabamis wertilebs sveticxov-
lis aRmosavleTiT mdebare qedis konturze moviniSnavT, Sem-
degi suraTi warmogvidgeba:
nax. 37
rogorc warmodgenili sqemidan Cans, wminda ninos taZris
svetebiT mocemuli orientirebi qristianuli wliuri kalen-
dris sakvanZo wertilebs afiqsireben.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, wminda ninos Sedareba beseliel-
Tan pirdapir mianiSnebs im sulier paralels, rac arsebobs mo-
ses karavsa da mcxeTis sveticxovels Soris. RvTaebrivi sveti
swored moses karavTan aRimarTeboda xolme da ase esaubre-
boda ufali moses. es paraleli imdenad cxadia, rom igi sa-
Sualebas iZleva moses karvisa da wminda ninos taZris svetebi
zomadobis TvalsazrisiTac ki SevadaroT erTmaneTs.
biblia moses karvis zomadobis Sesaxeb iuwyeba:
`hqmnne suetni karvisani ZelTagan ulpolvelTa. aT wyrTa
hyo simaRle sueti igi erTi da wyrTa erTisa kerZo sivrce
suetisa misve erTisa.~18
rogorc vxedavT, moses karvis svetebis simaRle aTi wyrTa
yofila. sruliad bunebrivia varaudi, rom wminda ninos taZris
danarCeni eqvsi svetis simaRlec swored aseTi zomisa iyo. am
mosazrebas ganamtkicebs XII saukunis versiaSi mocemuli uw-
yeba imis Sesaxeb, rom zecidan cecxlovani saxiT daSvebuli
cocxali sveti haerSi gaCerda miwidan ori wyrTis simaRleze
- 300 -
da aseT mdgomareobaSi darCa (`da STamoeaxla xarisxsa mas da
dadga aRSorebulad queyaniT viTar aTormet wyrTa: neliad ne-
liad Camoicvaleboda xarisxad Tvisad monakueTsa Zirsa mas
Tvisisasa damarTebiT: viTar moeaxla orwyrTa oden, dadgra
ukue egre saxed Tvinier miaxlebisa vinaive romelica hgies
vidre ukunisamde~).19
ras SeiZleba mianiSnebdes maincdamainc ori wyrTis zomis
dafiqsireba? `moqcevidan~ cnobilia, rom svetis zeda Tavi mi-
widan 12 wyrTiTaa aRSorebuli, xolo Tu am uwyebis mixedviT,
imave svetis qveda kide miwidan ori wyrTiT zemoT gaCerda,
gamodis, rom am svetis simaRle swored 10 wyrTa yofila. ese
igi, nikoloz kaTalikosis teqstSi, erTi mxriv, SenarCunebu-
lia svetis zeda wertilis mdebareoba (12 wyrTa), xolo, meore
mxriv, igi taZris centraluri svetis zomasac ar ganasxvavebs
zomadobis TvalsazrisiT da amgvar sidided asaxelebs swored
moses karvis svetebis zomas — 10 wyrTas.
warmodgenili mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, faqtobri-
vad, ukve mogvepoveba wminda ninos mier aRmarTuli Svidive
svetis yvela geometriuli parametri da, amdenad, SesaZlebe-
lia am nagebobis saxis aRdgena.
nax. 38
rogorc naTqvami iyo, svetebis aRmarTva mxolod pirveli
etapi iyo sveticxovlis mSeneblobaSi. rogorc Cans, swored
- 301 -
am etapze moxda gaTvaliswineba im warmarTuli sakulto nage-
bobis funqciebisa, romelic mSeneblobis adgilas arsebobda.
wminda ninom am nagebobis mimarTeba ciur sxeulebTan svetebiT
mocemul sqemaSi SeinarCuna, magram igi mTlianad qristianu-
lad iqna gadaazrebuli. TavisTavad qristianuli sakulto
nagebobis Tundac aseTi saxiT arsebobac ki ukve aRar Seesa-
bameboda qristianul msoflmxedvelobas. amitomac garkveuli
drois Semdeg svetebis garSemo kedlebis SemoSenebiT wminda
ninos taZarma sruliad gansxvavebuli saxe miiRo.
winandeli warmarTuli religiuri sistemebis aqtiuri

orientacia Ria kosmosTan sruliad logikuri iyo ara mxolod
wminda praqtikuli, aramed sulieri TvalsazrisiTac. maSin,
roca macxovris gankacebis faqti mxolod winaswarmetyvelur
xasiaTs atarebda da realur planSi ar ganxorcielebuliyo,
cxadia, am misteriebis xeldasxmulni uzenaesi sulieri arse-
bis Wvretas dedamiwis gareT, swored Ria kosmosSi, ciuri sxe-
ulebis konstilaciebSi cdilobdnen, magram mas Semdeg, rac
macxovris suli Tavad SeuerTda dedamiwas, roca dedamiwa
Tavad iqca macxovris sxeulad, cxadia, sulieri xedvis mi-
marTulebebic Seicvala da qristianulma msoflmxedvelobam
pirvel rigSi golgoTis movlenebis fonze ganWvrita miwier
da sulier samyaroTa urTierTmimarTeba.
amitomac, sruliad logikuria, rom xilvadi svetebis saxiT
pirvel sveticxovels didxans ar uarsebia. garkveuli drois
manZilze `sneulni movidodes da ganikurnebodes, vidremdis
mefeman Seqmna saburveli ZelisaY garemois suetisa da dafara
xedvisagan . . . da iwyo mefeman aRSenebad samoTxesa mas Sina
eklesiasa gulsmodginebiTa da sixaruliTa didiTa.~20
ese igi, meore etapze moxda svetebis irgvliv kedlebis
mowyoba, riTac svetebi xilvadobisaTvis daifara.
gaTxrebma am kedlebis saZirkvlebic gamoavlines da Sesa-
Zlebeli gaxda taZris horizontaluri gegmilis aRdgena.
grZivi kedlebi sruliad aSkaradaa gamovlenili, xolo rac
Seexeba ganiv SemomzRudav kedlebs, savaraudoa, rom Crdilo-
eTis kedeli ar iyo masiuri, xolo samxreTis kedeli Seerwya
dReisTvis arsebul sveticxovlis kedels (arc isaa gamoric-
xuli, rom isic ar yofiliyo masiuri).
- 302 -
ra Tqma unda, es nagebobac wminda ninos xuroTmoZRvruli
sibrZniT iqneboda agebuli da, albaT, aRarc unda gagvikvir-
des, Tu mis gamovlinebas am formaSic mivakvlevT.
uTuod saWiroa gavixsenoT, rom am taZris mSeneblobisas
sruliad Camouyalibebeli iyo qristianuli taZris kanonikuri
saxe da formebisa da simbolikis damkvidreba mxolod sawyis
etapze mimdinareobda.
qristianuli taZris istoriaSi dReisaTvis sruliad aRi-
arebulia is faqti, rom qristianuli taZris simbolikis sa-
fuZvels, pirvel rigSi, iudeuri taZris Sesabamisi simbolika
warmoadgens. cxadia, igi mTlianad qristianuladaa gadaazre-
buli. magaliTad, rogorc marTlmadidebluri qristianobis
kompetenturi wyaroebic adastureben, `qristianuli eklesiis
winare saxeebia moses karavi, solomonis taZari, taZari, age-
buli babilonis tyveobis Semdeg, da wminda sagnebi, romlebic
am taZrebSi inaxeboda. . . marTlmadidebluri eklesia daesesxa
maT Zveli aRTqmis iudeuri taZridan imitom, rom qristes mos-
vlis Semdeg, gaixsna ra am sagnebis sarwmuneobrivi azri, isini
unda qceuliyvnen da iqcnen kidec marTlmadidebluri qris-
tianuli eklesiis wminda simboloebad.~21
Zveli aRTqma detalurad mogviTxrobs taZris, rogorc
nagebobis istoriasac. misi safuZveli danaxulia jer kidev
noes kidobnis formaSi. Semdeg `wminda kidobani~ ukve moses
karavSi inaxeba. rogorc noes kidobani, aseve moses karavi
erTgvarad `moZravi~ formebia da mxolod solomonis taZris
saxiT xdeba RvTis saxlis miwaze damkvidreba. amitomac, qris-
tianuli taZris umTavres winare formad swored solomonis
taZaria miRebuli.
rogorc Zveli aRTqma warmoadgens axali aRTqmis winare for-
masa da safuZvels, aseve solomonis taZris formis qristianuli
saxiT gadaazrebiT warmoiqmneba qristianuli taZris saxe.
es tradicia qristianuli taZris mTel istorias Tan gas-
devs da yvela drois xuroTmoZRvarni mudam cdilobdnen, rom
qristianuli taZris mSeneblobisas uTuod gaeTvaliswinebinaT
solomonis taZridan momdinare amosavali principebi.
mcxeTis sveticxovelTan dakavSirebiT ierusalimis ta-
ZarTan mimarTeba kidev ufro gamZafrebulia, radgan aq mxo-
lod taZris formis gaTvaliswineba ki ar xdeba, aramed Ta-
vad cocxali svetis ideac Zalze mWidro kavSirSia solomonis
taZris istoriasTan.
- 303 -
wminda ninos taZris pirveli etapis aRwerisas gatare-
bulia paraleli moses karavTan, rasac ukavSirdeba mcxeTis
cocxali svetis gaazreba bibliuri cecxlovani svetis Sesa-
bamisobaSi. mSeneblobis am pirveli etapis, anu Svidi svetis
mowyobisas `qarTlis moqceva~ afiqsirebs im sakvanZo moments,
rodesac aqcenti moses karvidan misi Semdgomi formisken,
solomonis taZrisken gadaadgildeba. cocxali svetis aR-
marTebis win miniSnebulia solomonis taZarTan dakavSirebuli
imaginaciuri saxeebi. warmodgenilia warmosaxviTi epizodi,
sadac sabastanidan mosul sparseTis jars mcxeTaSi mefe xu-
ara da mefeT-mefe xuan xuara SemouZRvebian. am imaginaciur
saxeebs zemoT ukve SevexeT, magram amjerad gavixsenoT, rom
maTi saxiT miniSnebulia swored solomonis taZris mSenebel
xuramsa da mis warmomgzavnel mefeze, romelsac aseve xurami
erqva. ierusalimSic swored sabastanidan (anu sabas qveynidan)
modis dedofali, romelic aseve mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs
solomonis taZris istoriaSi.
aseve solomonis taZris istoriis mixedviT, am mSeneblo-
bis adgilas miitanes is xe, romelic samoTxis xis totis ga-
danergviT iyo gazrdili. mSeneblebma ver SeZles am xisagan
damzadebuli svetis gamoyeneba taZrisTvis da iqve axlos mdina-
reze xidad gades. SemdegSi swored am xisgan iqna damzadebuli
golgoTis is jvari, romelzedac macxovari gaakres. rogorc
vxedavT, mkvdari xisagan jvari daamzades da macxovris aR-
dgomis Semdeg es mkvdari xe cocxal jvrad, anu cocxal svetad
gardaisaxa. swored am cocxali svetis simbolikas ukavSirdeba
mcxeTis cocxali svetic, xolo misi aRmarTebis saswaulebrivi
istoriac swored imis maCvenebelia, rom is, rac ver SeZles
solomonis taZris mSeneblobisas, ese igi, samoTxiseuli xisgan
momdinare, magram ukve mkvdari xis svetad aRmarTva, macxovris
aRdgomis Semdeg ukve SesaZlebelia da es cocxali sveti mcxe-
TaSi taZris mSeneblobisas saswaulebrivad aRimarTa.
Zveli aRTqma Zalze detalurad gadmogvcems solomonis
taZris formis, zomebisa da masalebis Sesaxeb. gavixsenoT,
rogoraa moTxrobili taZris ZiriTadi gabarituli parametre-
bis Sesaxeb:
`da taZari igi, romel aRuSena solomon mefeman ufalsa,
sameoc wyrTa — sigrZe misi da oc wyrTa — sivrce misi da oc
wyrTa — simaRle mis taZrisa.
da moadga ardabagi garemo zRudesa mas mis taZrisasa da
- 304 -
dabirsa da moaqmna kedliskedel garemo kedelTa maT.
kedeli iyo Sinagani — xuT wyrTa sivrce misi, da kedeli
igi meore — equs wyrTa — sivrce misi da mesamisa mis — Svid
wyrTa — sivrce misi . . .~ 22
Cven amjerad ar SevudgebiT am ricxviTi simbolikis uaR-
resad rTuli sulieri arsis Sesaxeb saubars. ganvixiloT isi-
ni, rogorc taZris realur planSi mocemuli zomebi. taZris
ZiriTadi nawili gegmaSi iyo sigrZiT 60 wyrTa, xolo siganiT
20 wyrTa. gverdebze hqonia minaSenebi 5-5 wyrTis siganis zome-
biT. ese igi, taZris sruli sigane yofila 30 wyrTa, anu sigr-
Zis naxevari. sakurTxevlis zomebad 20X20 wyrTaa mocemuli.
nax. 39
axla ki, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT mcxeTis gaTxrebis mo-
nacemebs da aseve sqematuri saxiT gamovsaxavT wminda ninos
sveticxovlis horizontalur gegmils, miviRebT solomonis
taZarTan mis saocar damTxvevas.
am SemTxvevaSi sveticxovlis taZris sazom erTeulad
aRebulia swored is etalonad miRebuli adamianis simaRle,
romelzedac ukve gvqonda saubari svetebiT Seqmnili wminda
samkuTxedis ganxilvisas. igi, faqtiurad, warmoadgens gan-
zomilebis berZnuli anTropometruli sistemis safuZvels
da sigrZiT 183 sm-is tolia. Tu am egreT wodebul `berZnul
mxars~ sazom erTeulad davniSnavT, maSin wminda ninos taZ-
ris horizontaluri gegmili amgvari sqematuri saxiT SeiZleba
gamoisaxos:
- 305 -
nax. 40
rogorc mocemuli naxazidan Cans, wminda ninos sveticxov-
lis Sesabamisi sqema analogiuria solomonis taZris bibliuri
sqemisa. urTierTdamTxveulia ara mxolod ZiriTadi propor-
ciebi, aramed ricxviTi simbolikac. magaliTad, Tu solomonis
taZris sigrZe 60 wyrTaa, sveticxovelSi es zoma 6 `mxaria~.
sulieri simbolikis enaze ki 60 da 6 erTmaneTs Seesabamebian.
aseve, solomonis taZris sigane Tu 30 wyrTaa, sveticxovelSi
sigane 3 `mxaris~ tolia. analogiurad, ZiriTadi taZris sigane
solomonis taZarSi 20 wyrTaa, maSin, roca sveticxovelSi igi
2 `mxaria~.
mcired dazustebas moiTxovs mxolod minaSenebis sakiTxi.
solomonis taZars orive mxares aqvs 5-5 wyrTis siganis mi-
naSenebi, ese igi, maTi jamuri sigane 10 wyrTaa. wminda ninos
taZars mxolod erTi mxridan aqvs minaSeni, magram saerTo
proporciebi rom ar darRveuliyo, mis siganed swored solo-
monis taZris minaSenebis jamuri sididis (10 wyrTa) Sesabamisi
zoma — 1 `mxari~ auRiaT. es gadanacvleba sruliad bunebrivia,
radgan sveticxovelSic orive mxridan rom momxdariyo miSe-
neba, maSin, taZris mcire zomebidan gamomdinare, am minaSenebis
zomebi Zalze umniSvnelo iqneboda (sul 0,5 `mxari~, anu 91,5
sm) da, cxadia, aseTi viwro saTavsi veraviTar funqciur daniS-
nulebas veRar Seasrulebda.
- 306 -
aqve gvinda SevexoT sveticxovlis gaTxrebiT gamovlenil
erT uxerxulobasac. taZris minaSenis dasavleTis kedeli ar
aris danarCeni ori grZivi kedlis paraleluri. marTalia,
gadaxra mcirea, magram SeuZlebelia, rom amgvari ram Sem-
TxveviTobas mieweros. vfiqrobT, am `gaugebrobasac~ sruliad
konkretuli axsna gaaCnia. amis gasarkvevad kidev ufro dava-
zustoT, Tu rogoraa bibliaSi aRwerili solomonis taZris
gverdiTi minaSenebi:
es minaSenebi sam sarTulad yofila mowyobili. amave dros
qvemodan zemoT minaSenebis sigane TandaTan izrdeboda: `ke-
deli iyo Sinagani — xuT wyrTa sivrce misi, da kedeli igi
meore — equs wyrTa — sivrce misi da mesamisa mis — Svid wyrTa—
sivrce misi . . .~ 23 ese igi, taZris minaSenis sigane pirveli
sarTulis doneze 5 wyrTa yofila, xolo misi maqsimaluri
zoma taZris zeda, mesame sarTulis doneze 7 wyrTa. rogorc
Cans, wminda ninos taZris minaSenis mowyobisas swored es niuan-
sia gaTvaliswinebuli. ra Tqma unda, aseTi mcire zomis taZ-
risTvis SeuZlebeli iyo sami sarTulis mowyoba. amitomac bib-
liuri ricxviTi simboloebi rom SenarCunebuliyo, solomonis
taZris minaSenebis siganeebis Sesabamisi sidideebi gegmilSi
iqna dafiqsirebuli. taZris erT mxares Tu minaSenis sigane 5
wyrTis Sesabamisia (solomonis taZris orive minaSenis sigane 10
wyrTa warmodgenil proporciaSi 1 `mxars~ Seesabameba), taZris
meore mxares minaSenis sigane ukve zustad solomonis taZris
7 wyrTian zomas Seesabameba. mcxeTis sveticxovlis monacemebi
sruliad adastureben warmodgenil mosazrebas.
wminda ninos taZris gaTxrebis monacemebis mixedviT, taZ-
ris kedlebisa da svetebis ganlagebis sqema ki garkveuli si-
zustiT dgindeba, magram es monacemebi arafers gveubnebian
taZris moculobiTi ganviTarebis Sesaxeb da, cxadia, arc am
moculobis erT-erT umTavres parametrze — taZris simaRleze.
warmodgenil konteqstSi SesaZlebelia wminda ninos taZris si-
maRlis gansazRvra moxdes solomonis taZris mixedviT.
solomonis taZris simaRle 30 wyrTaa. Tu am zomas propor-
ciulad gadavitanT sveticxovlisTvis, miviRebT, rom misi si-
maRle yofila 3 `mxari~ anu 12 wyrTa. es Sedegi ki zustad
emTxveva Cven mier zemoT taZris mTavari svetis mixedviT gan-
sazRvrul zomas.
`da aha vixile sueti igi cecxlis saxed Camovidoda da
moeaxla xarisxsa mas Tvissa. da viTar daemarTa, da dadga zeda
- 307 -
xarisxsa mas queyaniT aRSorebulad viTar aTormet wyrTa da
neliad Camoicvalebda Tvissave mas zeda nakueTsa.~24
rogorc naTqvami iyo, es epizodi imas mianiSnebs, rom svet-
ma 12 wyrTis simaRleze daafiqsira gansxvavebul sivrceSi ga-
dasvla. rac imas niSnavs, rom rogorc cocxali svetis, aseve
taZris simaRled swored 12 wyrTaa miniSnebuli. es zoma ki
absoluturad emTxveva solomonisa da wminda ninos taZrebis
Sedarebisas Cven mier zemoT miRebul Sedegs.
- 308 -
Tavi IX
wminda ninos jvari
jvari, rogorc sulieri niSani, jer kidev uZvelesi mis-

teriebidanaa cnobili. misi simboluri mniSvnelobis inter-
pretacia, ZiriTadad, erTi da imave saxiT xdeboda. garkveul
gansxvavebebs ganapirobebda Tavad am misteriebis Sinagani xa-
siaTi, maTi gavrcelebis geografiuli adgili da epoqa. mar-
Talia, jvris umTavresi mniSvneloba golgoTaze gacxadda,
magram am jvars manamdec sakmaod grZeli istoria hqonda. igi
winare epoqebis gavliT movida golgoTaze. macxovris jvar-
cmis Semdeg jvari qristianobis umTavres simbolod iqca da
yovelgvar qristianul warmodgenaSi masSi mudam golgoTis
jvris imaginacia igulisxmeba. golgoTis movlenebis Semdeg
Seudareblad ufro gafarTovda jvris, rogorc simbolos su-
lieri arsi, srulad gaixsna misi sulieri mniSvneloba. iman,
rac am niSanSi manamde igulisxmeboda, rogorc momavalSi gan-
saxorcielebeli, amjerad ukve aRsrulebuli Sinaarsi SeiZina.
warsul samyaroSi mxolod azrsa da warmosaxvaSi arsebuli
amjerad ukve realur planSi aResrula.
geometriuli formis TvalsazrisiT, qristianuli jvari
uaRresad martivi saxiT warmodgeba. sazogadod, esaa ori erT-
maneTis mimarT marTi kuTxiT gadamkveTi xazi. TavisTavad es
martivi gamosaxuleba srulad gamosaxavs qristianuli jvris
mTel sulier arss, magram, miuxedavad amisa, mainc arseboben
qristianuli jvris sxva saxesxvaobanic. ra Tqma unda, maTi
sulieri mniSvnelobebi aramc da aramc ar upirispirdebian
erTmaneTs. yvela isini ganasaxiereben golgoTis jvars, magram
maTi formis sxvadasxvaoba ganpirobebulia imiT, rom yoveli
maTgani irCevs garkveuli specifikuri xedvis kuTxes. yovel
maTganSi aqcentirebulia golgoTis jvris erTi romelime as-
peqtTagani. faqtobrivad, yvela es jvari warmoadgens golgo-
Tis jvris kerZo interpretacias, mis gadmocemas rame gamo-
calkevebuli, kerZo aspeqtiT.
jvari, rogorc religiuri simbolo, mniSvnelovan rols
TamaSobda warmarTuli epoqis TiTqmis yvela kulturaSi.
- 309 -
asureTis, Zveli sparseTis, indoeTis, skandinaviis sxvadasxva
tomis, amerikeli indielebis Tu mcire aziis sxvadasxva xal-
xebis mistikur warmodgenebSi, marTalia, jvris interpretacia
TiTqosda urTierTgansxvavebulia, magram sruliad aSkaraa,
rom yvela SemTxvevaSi jvari ukavSirdeba fizikur samyaros,
bunebaSi moqmed stiqiebs, am stiqiebis moqmedebis gamovline-
bas samyaros oTxi mimarTulebiT. yvelaze gavrcelebuli war-
modgenis mixedviT, jvari ganasaxierebda samyaros Semadgenel
oTx elements.
qristianobis damkvidrebis Semdeg jvris warmarTuli in-
terpretaciebi, cxadia, garkveulad CrdilSi moeqca da gol-
goTis istoriuli jvris mniSvnelobam umTavresi adgili dai-
kava. jvris formis simartivis miuxedavad, man sxvadasxva in-
terpretacia SeiZina da dReisTvis jvris 400-ze meti formaa
dafiqsirebuli.1 marTalia, maT met-naklebi mniSvneloba aqvT
eklesiuri cxovrebis farglebSi, magram maTi didi umravleso-
ba srulad aRiarebulia qristianul kultmsaxurebaSi. marTa-
lia, jvris formebisa da maTi sulieri mniSvnelobebis deta-
luri ganxilva scildeba winamdebare naSromis farglebs, ma-
gram TvalsaCinoebisTvis mainc moviyvanT ramdenime magaliTs:
berZnuli jvris oTxive mxari to-

lia. winare qristianul epoqaSi igi ganasa-
xierebda mzis simbolos, agreTve samyaros
Semadgenel oTx elements (miwa, wyali, ha-
eri, cecxli). berZnuli jvris garda, mas
xSirad `Jenevis jvradac~ moixsenieben, rad-
gan saberZneTis droSis garda (TeTri jvari
cisfer fonze) igi jer kidev 1339 wlidan
gamoisaxeboda Sveicariis droSazec.
am formis jvari yvelaze gavrcelebu-

lia. es forma rogorc msgavsi adamianisa
gaSlili xelebiT, qristemde didi xniT
adre ganasaxierebda RmerTs saberZneTsa
da CineTSi. jvris es forma farTod iyo
gavrcelebuli Zvel egvipteSic. miuxeda-
vad imisa, rom am jvars zogjer dasavle-
Tis jvradac moixsenieben, cxadia, rom mas
mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia aRmosavleT
saqristianoSic.
- 310 -
mcenare samyuras foTlebi ganasa-
xierebs samebis princips, rac am jvris
umTavresi ideaa. amave dros, rogorc
cocxali mcenaris Semcveli, es jvari war-
moadgens qristes aRdgomis simbolosac.
amgvari jvari Zalze popularulia

marTlmadideblur samyaroSi. dasavleT-
Si mas `kardinalis kaTolikur jvarsac~
uwodeben. zeda Zeli gamosaxavs warweris
adgils golgoTis jvarze.
`papis jvris~ garda am jvars xSirad

`sammag jvarsac~ uwodeben. ZiriTadad, im
ritualur procesebSi figurirebs, rom-
lebSic papi monawileobs. sami horizon-
taluri Zeli ganasaxierebs, erTi mxriv,
sicocxlis xes, xolo, meore mxriv, Zalau-
flebis niSanicaa.
am jvars zogjer àRmosavlur jvars~

anda `wminda lazares jvarsac~ uwode-
ben. igi Zalze popularulia aRmosavleT
saqristianoSi — umTavresad, ruseTSi.
zeda Zeli warweris adgils mianiSnebs,
xolo qveda — jvarcmuli macxovris fexe-
bis dasayrdens.
- 311 -
zogjer mas `rvaqimian jvarsac~
uwodeben. amgvari TeTri jvari Sav
fonze iyo simbolo hospitalierTa sabr-
Zolo da religiuri ordenisa. isini aq-
tiur monawileobas iRebdnen jvarosnul
laSqrobebSi wminda miwis gasaTavisufle-
blad. devnis Semdeg, XVI saukuneSi, am
ordenis wevrebi gadasaxldnen maltaSi
da swored aqedan momdinareobs am jvris
saxelwodebac (`maltis jvari~).
es jvari IV saukunidan gvxvdeba

rogorc petre mociqulTan dakavSirebu-
li niSani. romis imperator neronis dros
wminda petre jvars acves (ax. w. 65 w.) am-
gvar jvarze TaviT qvemoT.
es jvari gamosaxavs berZnul enaze

daweril `qristes~ pirvel asos. amgvari
formis jvarze moxda andria pirvelwode-
bulis jvarcma. SemdgomSi jvris igive
forma daukavSirda sxva wmindanebsac da
ganmasxvavebel niSnad ferebi iqna moniS-
nuli. cisfrad, an TeTrad gamoisaxeba an-
drias jvari, oqrosfrad — pirveli bri-
taneli didmowamis wminda albanis jvari,
SaviT — wminda osmundis, xolo wiTliT —
wminda patrikis jvari.
es jvari gansakuTrebiT gavrcel-

da mas Semdeg, rac jvarosnebma pirveli
laSqrobis Semdeg (1099 w.) ierusalimi
gaaTavisufles. xSirad mas ierusalimis
jvarsac uwodeben. didi jvari ganasa-
xierebs qristes jvars, xolo oTxi patara
jvari ukavSirdeba oTx maxarebels. xuTive
jvari erTobliobaSi, amave dros, qristes
xuT Wrilobazec mianiSnebs.
- 312 -
tevtonTa ordenis jvris oTxi patara
jvaric oTx maxarebelze, anu oTx saxare-
baze mianiSnebs.
es jvari momdinareobs egvipteSi

arsebuli koptebis qristianuli eklesi-
isgan. jvarTan erTad gamosaxuli oTxi
samsWvali mianiSnebs im samsWvalebs, rom-
lebic gamoyenebul iqna macxovris jvar-
cmisas.
konstantines jvari warmoadgens mo-

nogramas, romelic Sedgeba ori berZnuli
asosagan X (`xi~) da P (`ro~). es aris qristes
saxelis pirveli ori aso. gadmocemis
mixedviT, 311 wels gadamwyveti brZolis
win swored es niSani ixila konstantine
keisarma da isic euwya, rom mxolod am
niSniT iyo SesaZlebeli gamarjveba. Sem-
dgom wels konstantinem gamosca ediqti
qristianobis devnis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb da
es monograma, romelic manamde saidum-
lod inaxeboda qristianTa TemebSi, gada-
iqca qristianTa sayovelTaod miRebul
simbolod.
am jvris dasaxeleba momdinareobs

franguli sityvisgan, rac sayrdens niS-
navs. am SemTxvevaSi wina planzea wamoweu-
li qristes jvris, rogorc adamianTa su-
lieri sayrdenis idea.
- 313 -
dasaxeleba momdinareobs berZnul
aso `gama~-sTan msgavsebidan. es jvari ga-
nasaxierebs qristes, rogorc èklesiis
fuZis qvas~. marTlmadideblur eklesiaSi
igi xSirad gamoisaxeba RvTismsaxurTa sa-
mosze.
wminda iulianes jvari Tavisi formiT

waagavs tevtonTa ordenis jvars, magram
igi Semobrunebulia 450-iT da, faqtobri-
vad, misi forma andria mociqulis jvri-
dan miiReba.
Zvel egvipteSi es forma gamoxatavda

rogorc nayofierebas, aseve sicocxles.
wresTan gaerTianebuli igi maradisobas
ganasaxierebda. amitom mas xSirad ègvip-
turi jvaric~ ewodeba. ramdenadac igive
niSani iyo ebrauli damwerlobis bolo
aso, igi mianiSnebda samyaros dasasrul-
sac — bolo Jams. rodesac sikvdilis
angelozi moevlina egviptes, ebraelTa
ojaxebi swored am niSniT iqna gamorCeu-
li. igive niSani iTvleba kaenis STamomav-
lebis simbolodac.
nax. 41 qristianul eklesiaSi es forma miRe-
bulia rogorc wminda antonis jvari. 2
formis TvalsazrisiT, wminda ninos jvari imiT gan-
sxvavdeba jvris `klasikuri~ formisagan, rom misi `horizonta-
luri~ nawili TiTqosda kuTxiTaa moxrili. am gziT miRebuli
ori monakveTi qveda mxridan maxvili kuTxiT arian mimarTuli
vertikaluri xazisadmi.
nax. 42
- 314 -
jvris es forma saocrad organulad Seerwya saqarTvelos
qristian morwmuneTa warmodgenas. miT umetes, rom am warmodge-
nas zurgs umagrebs da warmosaxvis Zalas aniWebs sionis taZarSi
dasvenebuli vazis jvari, romelic, gadmocemis mixedviT, Ta-
vad wminda ninos mieraa Seqmnili. saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli
jvris zemoT naxsenebi formac swored am jvridan iRebs dasa-
bams. Tavad am vazis jvris Seqmnis istorias ki uZvelesi qarTu-
li werilobiTi wyaroebic mravalgzis adastureben.
`qarTlis moqcevis~ cnobiT, es jvari wminda ninom Seqmna
vazis nasxlevisagan.
wminda ninos jvris Semdgomi istoriis Sesaxebac ramdenime
versia moipoveba. erT-erTi maTganis mixedviT, `ninos jvari
mcxeTis sakaTalikoso taZarSi esvena 544 wlamde. igi xelSi
hqonia wmida SuSaniksac. sikvdilis win wmida mowames curtavis
moZRvrisaTvis, andriasTvis, gadaucia. cecxlis Tayvanismce-
melTa SiSiT andriam misi gamogzavna mcxeTaSi ver moaxerxa da
speris qalaqSi daasvena. ramdenime xnis Semdeg somexTa eris-
Tavma grigol mamikonianma jvari kapoetis, anu lurj cixeSi
daasvena. aqedan jvari gadautaniaT q. vanandSi. arabTa Semose-
vis gamo wauRiaT q. anSi. XI saukuneSi daviT aRmaSenebelma q.
ani aiRo da jvari didi pativiT mcxeTaSi gadmoasvena. magram
aqac ar asvenebdnen mas: aRreulobis dros jvars mTiuleTSi
gaxiznavdnen xolme. erT dros igi ananuris miZinebis eklesia-
Sic yofila damaluli.
1749 wels Tbilelma mitropolitma romanozma es jvari
ruseTSi wauRo vaxtang meeqvsis memkvidreebs. saqarTvelos me-
feebi da kaTalikosebi Zlier wuxdnen amis gamo da exvewebod-
nen maT, jvari saqarTveloSi daebrunebinaT, magram isini ver
eleodnen. jvari niJni novgorodis guberniis sof. liskovoSi
inaxeboda.
1801 wels baqaris SviliSvilma giorgi aleqsandres Zem
jvari imperator aleqsandre pirvels uZRvna, romelmac igi
saqarTveloSi daabruna~.3 jvris Camosveneba saqarTveloSi
didi zeimiT moxda da mas Semdeg igi Tbilisis sionis taZarSi
asvenia.
swored am jvridan momdinareobs is forma, romelic dRes
wminda ninos jvris formadaa cnobili.
TiTqosda, ra SeiZleba iyos kidev ufro metad sarwmuno
sabuTi imisa, rom qarTvelma morwmune qristianma wminda ninos
jvris es forma miiCnios qristianuli jvris erT-erT kerZo
- 315 -
formad, msgavsad mravlad arsebuli sxva aseTi formebisa.
amave dros, masSi warmoisaxos misTvis maxlobeli, raRaciT
aqcentirebuli niSani imisa, rac wminda ninom moitana saqar-
TveloSi, rac Tavad ufalma daakisra am erT-erT qristianul
kuTxes misdami samsaxurad. aseTi specifikuri niSani xom yovel
ersa da kuTxes gaaCnia, gamomdinare misi winare istoriisagan,
garkveuli erovnuli Taviseburebebisagan, romliTac swored
aseTi mravalferovani da mdidaria mTeli qristianuli saZmo.
arc sxvadasxva geografiul regionSi gavrcelebuli jvre-
bis formebia mxolod iq mcxovrebi xalxebis kerZo kuTvnileba
da arc wminda ninos jvaria mxolod `qarTuli jvari~. yvela
es jvari qristianuli jvaria da mTeli saqristianos saerTo
kuTvnilebaa. sxvagvari, mikerZoebuli damokidebuleba ki, cxa-
dia, dapirispireba iqneboda Tavad qristianuli msoflmxed-
velobisadmi.
albaT, arc am anbanuri ganmartebebis gaxseneba unda yo-
filiyo saWiro, rom ara bolo wlebSi saqarTveloSi gavrcele-
buli zogierTi mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom wminda ninos jvris
forma ar warmoadgens qristianul jvars da rom igi mxolod
morwmuneTa fantaziis nayofia.
samwuxarod, es mosazrebebi saSiSroebas qmnis, rom amgvarma
eWvma morwmuneTa farTo fenebSic gadainacvlos da mkvidrad
moikidos fexi.
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani argumenti, rasac xSirad wminda
ninos jvris formis mowinaaRmdegeebi asaxeleben, aris is, rom
yvela is freska, Tu xati, sadac wminda ninos jvris formaa
gamosaxuli, ukanasknel saukuneebSia Seqmnili da xelT ara
gvaqvs raime uZvelesi gamosaxuleba, sadac jvari amgvari
formiTaa mocemuli. isini svamen kiTxvas: Tu Cveni Soreuli
winaprebisTvisac cnobili iyo wminda ninos jvris forma, ra-
tom ar SemorCa dRemde amgvari gamosaxuleba? TiTqosda, kiTx-
va logikuradaa dasmuli, magram, vfiqrobT, es ar aris sakma-
risi argumenti wminda ninos jvris formis ugulebelsayofad.
wamoyenebuli argumentis safuZveli ukve imiTac Seiryeva,
Tuki, Tundac yovelgvari kvleva-Ziebis gareSe, Cvenc aseve
kiTxviT vupasuxebT: Tuki wminda ninos jvari gamosaxuli unda
yofiliyo uZveles freskebsa da xatebze, cxadia, igi, pirvel
rigSi, unda yofiliyo im freskebsa da xatebze, sadac wminda
ninoa gamosaxuli. magram wminda ninos romeli uZvelesi gamosa-
xulebaa dReisTvis cnobili? irkveva, rom arc erTi. TiTqosda
- 316 -
ucnauria, magram dReisTvis ar mogvepoveba arc erTi uZve-
lesi xati, an freska, sadac wminda ninoa gamosaxuli. amitomac
aRar unda gagvikvirdes, rom aseve ar mogvepoveba wminda ni-
nos jvris uZvelesi gamosaxulebac. sabednierod, wminda ni-
nos moRvaweobis realuroba mainc ar iwvevs eWvs, radgan igi
mraval werilobiT wyaroSi dasturdeba.
`qarTlis moqcevaSi~ vkiTxulobT, rom ierusalimSi wminda
ninos brwyinvale saRvTismetyvelo ganaTleba aqvs miRebuli,
mas Seswavlili aqvs yoveli saidumlo, rac dakavSirebulia
jvarcmis movlenasTan. es ganaTleba man miaforisagan miiRo:
`da vhkiTxevdi vnebaTa maTTvis qritesTa, juar-cumisa,
daflvisa da aRdgomisaTvis misisa, da samoslisa misisa da
juarTa da tiloTasa da sudarisasa yovelsa miwyebiT, rameTu
aravin yofil iyo, arca iyo Soris ierusalemsa zomi misi mec-
nierebiTa Sjulisa gzasa Zuelsa da axalsa yovelsave.~4
rogorc am epizodebidan Cans, wminda ninom SesaniSnavad
icis qristianuli jvris, rogorc simbolos sulieri mniS-
vneloba.
wminda nino mcxeTaSi Camosvlis pirveli sami wlis ganmav-
lobaSi farulad loculobda mayvlovanSi da swored am dros
`Seqmna saxe juarisaY, nasxlevisaY“, xolo `meoTxesa welsa iwyo
Tqumad qriste RmerTi da Sjuli~. meSvide wels mefe miri-
ani daarwmuna qristes rjulis WeSmaritebaSi da imave wels
mirianma aaSena pirveli qristianuli taZari qarTlSi (sveti-
cxoveli).
sruliad bunebrivia, rom mcxeTaSi wminda ninos Svidwliani
moRvaweobis Semdeg, miT umetes, roca am qalaqSi uSualod me-
fis iniciativiT ukve agebulia pirveli qristianuli taZari,
jvris forma araviTar saidumloebas ar unda warmoadgendes
aqauri mosaxleobisaTvis da, gansakuTrebiT, mirian mefisTvis.
magram momdevno epizodi, romelic mogviTxrobs taZris agebis
Semdgom istorias, erTi SexedviT, ucnaurad gamoiyureba:
`da viTarca aRaSenes eklesiaY, waravlina mociquli da wig-
ni ninoisi saberZneTa, mefisa kostantinesa Txovad mRdelTa.
xolo igini mwrafl miiwines . . . da viTarca movides, naTeli
moiRo mirean mefeman da dedofalman da yovelman saxlman maT-
man. iTxoves xe, raiTa Seqmnan juari.~ `xolo mRdelni igi as-
wavebdes saxesa mas juarisasa, da raJams Seqmnes juari igi, mo-
vides da uTxres mirean mefesa xuroTa maT, viTarmed: `Sevqme-
niT Cuen juari igi, viTarca mRdelTa maT guaswaves.~
- 317 -
da meys aRdga mefe igi sixaruliT da yovelman erman ixi-
les saxe igi juarisa mis. da daukvirda friad da adidebdes
RmerTsa.
mas Jamsa gulisxma-yo da moexsena mefesa, odes-igi dRe
daubnelda mTasa zeda, viTar-igi naTeli mbrwyinvalebisa
didisa ixila msgavsad juarisa, da viTar ixila, icna.~5
rogorc vxedavT, am epizodSi sruliad xazgasmuladaa
dafiqsirebuli, rom berZeni mRvdlebis swavlebiT Seqmnili
jvris forma gansxvavdeba jvris im formisagan, romelic wmin-
da ninosgan icodnen mcxeTaSi. amave dros, rogorc ukve iTqva,
imave teqstis mixedviT, sruliad gamoricxulia is varaudi,
rom qarTlis ganmanaTlebelma qristianuli jvris forma ar
icoda berZeni mRvdlebis Camosvlamde.
marTalia, teqstSi ar aris saubari arc erTi jvris kon-
kretuli formis Sesaxeb, magram ukve is faqti, rom wminda ni-
nos jvari formiT gansxvavdeba berZeni mRvdlebis mier naswav-
lebi jvris formisagan, ukve TavisTavad mravlismetyvelia.
wminda ninos vazis jvris Seqmnis sakiTxs sxva werilobiTi
wyaroebic gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmoben. magaliTad,
rogorc wminda ninos moRvaweobis amsaxvel arseniseul (XII
s.)6 da XIII saukunis ucnobi avtoris versiebSi vkiTxulobT, es
vazis jvari Tavad RvTismSobelma Seqmna:
`maSin wmidaman dedofalman xeli mihyo zeda kerZo cxe-
drisa misisa myofsa mas rtosa vazisasa da mohkueTa misgan da
Seqmna juari. da misca xelTa Rirssa ninos.~7
orive avtoris mier vazis jvris RvTaebrivi warmoSobis
aqcentireba sruliad aSkarad metyvelebs, rom am simbolos
isini gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWeben.
amave dros naTqvamia, rom RvTismSobelma `xeli mihyo zeda
kerZo cxedrisa misisa myofsa mas rtosa vazisasa~. rasakvirve-
lia, aq `zeda~ sulieri ierarqiis gamomxatvelia da imas iuw-
yeba, rom es vazi aris Tavad ieso qriste. sxva veraviTar vazs
ver vigulisxmebT RvTismSoblis zemoT. Tavad ufalic xom
brZanebs: `me var vazi WeSmariti~.8
ese igi, teqstSi xazgasmulia, rom RvTismSoblisagan wmin-
da ninosaTvis Seqmnili jvari uSualod macxovrisagan momdi-
nareobs, rac kidev erTxel adasturebs, rom sxva qristianul
jvarTa msgavsad isic macxovars ukavSirdeba, isic qristianu-
li jvaria.
yovelive zemoT Tqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT, vfiqrobT,
- 318 -
sakmao safuZveli arsebobs imisTvis, rom wminda ninos jvris
forma ar miviCnioT SemTxveviT moxrili vazis nasxvlavisagan
momdinared, an bolo saukuneebis zogierT morwmuneTa fan-
taziis nayofad, ramac, TiTqosda, SecdomaSi Seiyvana Semdegi
Taobebi.
***
vidre wminda ninos jvris sulier mniSvnelobas Sevexebo-

deT, gvinda vaCvenoT, rom misi garegnuli forma sruliad
bunebrivad momdinareobs adreuli qristianuli epoqis analo-
giuri formebisagan.
`qarTlis moqceva~ gansakuTrebulad amaxvilebs yura-
dRebas iseT mniSvnelovan istoriul faqtze, rogoricaa miri-
an mefis xilva TxoTis mTaze. swored mirianisgan qristes
jvris xilva da misi ZaliT daxsna daedo safuZvlad qarTlis
gaqristianebis dasawyiss.
rogorc cnobilia, aseTive movlenas hqonda adgili saber-
ZneTSic. konstantine keisris mier jvris xilva da Semdeg am
monogramiT warmoebuli brZolis warmateba iqca saberZneTSi
qristianobis gavrcelebisa da xelSewyobis mizezad.
rogorc naCvenebi iyo, konstantine keisris monograma, anu
konstantines jvari Sedgenilia qristes saxelis pirveli ori
asosagan — X (`xi~) da P (`ro~):
nax. 43
marTalia, dReisTvis es monograma sakmaod miviwyebulia,
magram IV-V saukuneebSi swored igi warmoadgenda qristianuli
jvris yvelaze gavrcelebul gamosaxulebas.
advilad SevamCnevT, rom konstantines jvars saocari si-
zustiT uTavsdeba wminda ninos jvaric:
- 319 -
nax. 44
kidev ufro mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom rogorc kon-
stantines, aseve wminda ninos jvris safuZvels warmoadgens
andria pirvelwodebulis jvari:
nax. 45
ra Tqma unda, andrias jvrisgan wminda ninos jvris formire-
ba sruliad logikuria, radgan, faqtobrivad, swored andria
pirvelwodebulis misiis gamgrZelebelia wminda nino, roca igi
qristianul rjuls qarTlis teritoriaze amkvidrebs.
Tu wminda ninos jvris vertikalur xazSi warmovidgenT
ara qristes saxelis meore aso P-s, aramed mcxeTuri misteriis-
Tvis damaxasiaTebel umTavres niSans — cocxal svets, am jvris
formis Camoyalibeba kidev ufro bunebriv xasiaTs miiRebs.
nax. 46
- 320 -
sxvadasxva sulieri, Tu saxelmwifoebrivi simbolikis
Camoyalibebis amgvari praqtika uZvelesi droidanve arsebobda
da ukanasknel periodamdec moqmedebs. erT-erT amgvar magali-
Tad SeiZleba gavixsenoT didi britaneTis droSis Camoyal-
ibebis istoria. XVII saukunis dasawyisSi, roca iakob I-is mmar-
Tvelobis qveS inglisisa da Sotlandiis saxelmwifoebi gaer-
Tiandnen, SemuSavebul iqna droSis axali simbolika:
nax. 47
es droSa warmoadgens ori jvris SeerTebas. wiTeli jvari
TeTr fonze gamosaxavs wminda giorgis jvars. ramdenadac wminda
giorgi ingliselTa mfarvel wmindanad iTvleboda, igi am Sem-
TxvevaSi ingliselTa erovnul simbolod gvevlineba. TeTri di-
agonaluri jvari cisfer fonze andria pirvelwodebulis jvaria.
andria mociquli ki Sotlandiis mfarvel mociquladac iTvleba.
SemdgomSi inglis-Sotlandiis kavSirs irlandiac Seuer-
Tda. am faqtis gaTvaliswinebiT, warmodgenil simbolos dae-
mata irlandielTa ganmanaTleblis wminda patrikis jvaric.
igi formiT zustad emTxveva andria pirvelwodebulis jvars,
magram feriT wiTelia. amitom igi ikavebs adgils diagonaluri
TeTri jvris SigniT da am gziT yalibdeba didi britaneTis
umTavresi simbolo.9
***
qristianuli gadmocemis mixedviT, golgoTis jvari mom-
dinareobs im xidan, romelic seTis mier samoTxiseuli sicoc-
xlis xis totis gadanergviT gaizarda. pirvelad am xisagan
sveti Seqmnes solomonis taZrisaTvis, magram mSeneblebma ver
SeZles misi gamoyeneba da mdinareze xidad gades. ase xidad iyo
igi gadebuli, vidre misgan golgoTis jvars daamzadebdnen.
xidad gadebuli xe aerTebda mdinaris or napirs, rac erT-
erT aspeqtSi simbolurad ganasaxierebs ori, erTmaneTisagan
- 321 -
gaTiSuli qvena da zena samyaroebis SeerTebas. Semdeg, rode-
sac aRsrulda golgoTis movlena da macxovari Tavad gaekra
am Zelze, mkvdar xes Tavad ieso qristes sasicocxlo sxeuli
SeuerTda da igi cocxal xed, cocxal jvrad gadaiqca. ada-
mianur da RvTaebriv samyaroTa SemaerTeblad ufali Tavad
mogvevlina rogorc cocxali sveti. manamde ki aRsrulda
golgoTis kidev erTi didi saidumlo — macxovarma sakuTari
zurgiT zida Tavisive jvarcmisTvis gankuTvnili jvari.
sulieri simbolikis enaze mkvdari xisagan damzadebu-
li jvari ganasaxierebs qvena samyaros, im grZnobad samyaros,
romelTan erTobaSic adamianis ukvdav suls uxdeba cxovreba.
es yofa ki misTvis swored jvarcmaa. marTalia, grZnobadi sam-
yaro Tavisi arsiT ucxoa da dapirispirebuli adamianis ukvdavi
sulisaTvis, magram swored isaa am sulis sazidi tvirTi, rom
igi Tavisi ganviTarebis umniSvnelovanes safexurs am samyaroSi
gadis. igi valdebulia sakuTari zurgiT zidos es jvari.
jvris amgvari gaazreba ukve arsebobda uZveles misteri-
ebSi da golgoTamde oTxi saukuniT adre berZnuli azrovne-
bac SesaniSnavad ireklavs am ideas. rogorc platoni gvauw-
yebs, `kosmosuri samSvinveli jvarcmulia kosmosur sxeulze~.
adamiani, rogorc mSvinvieri arseba, gaiazreboda rogorc am
kosmosuri samSvinvelis nawili. es adamianuri samSvinveli
dRevandel epoqaSi yvelaze metad mineralur samyarosaa mi-
jaWvuli, magram ufro farTo gagebiT, mTeli sakacobrio is-
toria warmodgeba rogorc sulis kosmosuri jvarcma rogorc
mineraluri, aseve mcenareuli, cxoveluri da adamianuri sam-
yaroebiT Seqmnil kosmosur sxeulze.
ramdenadac es kosmosuri sxeuli berZnuli msoflmxed-
velobiT Sedgenilia oTxi pirveladi elementisagan (miwa,
wyali, haeri, cecxli), maT warmosaxvaSi jvris oTxi nawili
swored am oTx elements ukavSirdeba.
nax. 48
- 322 -
adamianis sulisaTvis uzenaes miznad swored am oTxi
stiqiis saboloo daZleva da misgan ganTavisufleba iyo
dasaxuli.
mogvianebiT rusTveli brwyinvale poetur formaSi gad-
mogvcems am ideas, roca nestan- darejanis werilSi vkiTxu-
lobT:
`RmerTsa Semvedre, nuTu kvla damxsnas soflisa Sromasa,

cecxlsa, wyalsa da miwasa, haerTa Tana Zromasa;
momces frTeni da avfrinde, mivxvde mas Cemsa ndomasa,
dRisiT da RamiT vxedvide mzisa elvaTa krTomasa.~10
rogorc vxedavT, rusTvelic adamianis uzenaes miznad

oTxi stiqiisagan Sedgenili qvena bunebisagan ganTavisuflebas
saxavs. rusTveli `vefxistyaosanSi~ imasac sruliad garkveviT
aRniSnavs, rom misi msoflmxedveloba mWidrodaa dakavSire-
buli platonisa da dionise areopagelis naazrevTan. orive
maTgans is saxelobiT moixseniebs.
rogorc cnobilia, Tavis mxriv, dionise areopagelic di-
dadaa davalebuli platonuri moZRvrebisagan. faqtobrivad,
mis naSromebSi moxda kidec im droisaTvis axali qristianuli
msoflmxedvelobisa da warmarTuli — antikuri sibrZnis sin-
Tezi.
rusTvelis erT-erTi winamorbedis, didi qarTveli moaz-
rovnis ioane petriwis filosofiac xom swored gamokveTilad
neoplatonuri xasiaTisaa. gelaTis qristianuli neoplatonuri
skolis filosofiuri sawyisebi uSualod qristianuli RvTis-
metyvelebiT moazrebuli platonizmidan momdinareobda. Ziri-
TadSi swored gelaTis qristianul-neoplatonuri skolisa da
dionise areopagelis saidumlo RvTismetyvelebis Teologi-
uri Sexedulebebi irekleboda Sua saukuneebis saqarTvelos
mowinave kulturaSi.
rusTvelis mier `vefxistyaosanSi~ ganviTarebuli msofl-
mxedveloba rom swored azrovnebis am nakadebidan sazrdoobs,
es ukve sakmaod miRebuli azria rusTvelologiaSi, magram
aranakleb saintereso mosazrebebia gamoTqmuli imis Sesaxe-
bac, rom masze gacilebiT Zveli, ukve V-IX saukuneebis weri-
lobiTi Zeglebic swored am mimarTulebiTaa orientirebuli.11
rogorc irkveva, axali welTaRricxvis pirvelsave saukuneebSi
saqarTveloSi Zalze popularulia platonuri filosofia.
- 323 -
amaSi TavisTavad araferia ucnauri, radgan am mxriv saqarT-
velo gamonakliss ar warmoadgens. im periodSi qristianuli
dogmatis Camoyalibeba da damkvidreba, pirvel rigSi, swored
platonur da neoplatonur moZRvrebasTan mimarTebaSi xde-
boda. eklesiis mamebis Zalisxmeva iqiT iyo mimarTuli, rom
antikuri filosofia ki ar dapirispireboda axal religiur
moZRvrebas, aramed, piriqiT, kidev ufro ganemtkicebina misi
avtoriteti. amis erT-erTi magaliTi swored isicaa, rom pla-
tonuri kosmosuri jvris interpretacia advilad Tavsdeba
qristianuli msoflmxedvelobis farglebSi da aramc da aramc
ar ewinaaRmdegeba qristianobis Sexedulebas jvarze, rogorc
golgoTidan momdinare niSanze.
es yovelive imisTvis gavixseneT, rom gvindoda gagverkvia,
SeiZleboda, Tu ara, rom qristianuli jvris amgvari interpre-
tacia misaRebi yofiliyo IV saukunis saqarTveloSi, an ufro
konkretulad, SeiZleboda, Tu ara, rom wminda ninos jvris
forma qristianuli jvris amgvari gaazrebidan momdinareob-
des.
vfiqrobT, sazogadod, es SesaZlebloba sruliad bunebri-
vad gamoiyureba, Tu, cxadia, amas sxva argumentebic daadas-
tureben.
vidre SevexebodeT umTavres sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, Tu
ratom maincdamainc saqarTveloSi gamaxvilda yuradReba
qristianuli jvris kosmosur sxeulTan dakavSirebul inter-
pretaciaze, albaT, umjobesia, kidev ufro axlos gavecnoT
rogorc platonuri kosmosuri jvris, aseve wminda ninos
jvris formebs.
`timeosSi~ platoni detalurad mogviTxrobs uzenaesi
Semoqmedis, demiurgosis, mier ganxorcielebul Sesaqmis pro-
cess (berZnul azrovnebaSi swored demiurgosis saxeliT moix-
seniebdnen Semoqmeds yovelive xilulisac da uxilavisac).
samyaros sxeulis Seqmna platons warmoedgina rogorc
oTxi umTavresi stiqiis (miwa, wyali, haeri, cecxli) propor-
ciuli urTierTSerwymiT miRebuli. Semoqmedma maTi SereviTa
da mowesrigebiT àago xiluli da xelSesaxebi ca~. `kosmosis
Seqmnas rom Seudga, RmerTma, uwinares yovlisa, es oTxi sawyi-
si moawesriga ideebisa da ricxvebis meSveobiT~.12 ase `daibada
kosmosis sxeuli, proporciulobis wyalobiT mwyobri wesri-
giT Sekruli~. magram RmerTma kosmosur sxeulamde kosmosuri
suli Seqmna `rogorc sxeulis meufe da mbrZanebeli~. maT er-
- 324 -
TobaSi warmodgenili `kosmosi aris suliTa da gonierebiT
mosili cocxali arsi~.13 platonTan kosmosuri sulis Seqmnac
proporciulobiT mowesrigebuli nazavis saxiTaa gaazrebuli,
magram aq mocemuli nazavis elementebica da proporciulobis
maCvenebeli ricxvebic mxolod simboluri gamosaxulebebia.
maT ukan igulveba uaRresad Rrmad gaazrebuli kosmogoniuri
suraTi. nazavis proporciulobis maCvenebeli ricxvebi, faq-
tobrivad, iZlevian samyaros agebulebis struqturas egreT
wodebuli sferoTa harmoniis saxiT, sadac umTavres sazomebs
musikaluri intervalebi qmnian. msgavsi moZRvreba manamdec
gvxvdeba piTagorasTan.14
Semdeg platoni analogiuri simbolikiT gadmogvcems kos-
mosis agebulebis ori mniSvnelovani elementis — ekliptikisa
da ekvatoris Seqmnis Sesaxeb. igi aRniSnavs, rom demiurgosma
`sigrZeze orad gakveTa mTeli nazavi, erTmaneTze gadaaj-
varedina isini aso X-is msgavsad, wriulad moxara orive da
boloebi maTi gadakveTis sapirispiro wertilSi SeaerTa. Sem-
dgom amisa, aiZula isini erTgvarovnad, erTsa da imave adgilas
ebrunaT wriulad, Tanac, erTi wre garegani yofiliyo, meore
ki — Sinagani. garegani wris brunvas igiveobrivis buneba dasdo
saxelad, Sinaganisas — buneba sxvisa. igiveobrivis wre aiZula
marcxnidan marjvniv, marTkuTxedis gverdis gaswvriv ebruna,
wre sxvisa ki — marjvnidan marcxniv, imave marTkuTxedis di-
agonalis gaswvriv. xolo upiratesoba mianiWa igiveobrivisa da
msgavsis wrebrunvas, radganac mxolod is datova mTliani da
dauyofeli, maSin, rodesac Sinagani wrebrunva eqvsjerad dayo
Svid araTanabar wred~.15
am citataSi mocemuli terminebi ìgiveobrivi~, `sxvisa~
platonuri filosofiisTvis damaxasiaTebeli wminda filo-
sofiuri terminebia. amjerad ar SevudgebiT maT detalur
ganxilvas, magram mokled ki gadmovcemT mocemuli citatis
Sinaarss.
masSi mocemulia kosmosuri sivrcis platonuri interpre-
tacia. am sivrcis ZiriTad struqturas gansazRvravs ori erT-
maneTis mimarT berZnuli aso X-is msgavsad gadajvaredinebuli
wre. erTi maTgani aris ciuri ekvatori, xolo meore — eklip-
tika. platoni ekvators uwodebs garegans, xolo ekliptikas
— Siga wres.
wminda astronomiuli TvalsazrisiT, ciuri ekvatori
ukavSirdeba uZrav varskvlavTa cis sferos. amitomac moix-
- 325 -
senieba igi rogorc garegani da, amave dros, upiratesobac
eniWeba Sinagani wris, anu im wris mimarT, romelic gansaz-
Rvravs mzis sistemas. swored amitomaa naTqvami, rom demiur-
gosma Sinagani wre èqvsjerad dahyo Svid araTanabar wred~.
aq, cxadia, igulisxmeba is Svidi orbita, romlebzedac Svidi
planeta moZraobs (platonis kosmosi warmodgenilia rogorc
geocentruli sistema da am Svid planetas qmnian mTvare, mze,
venera, merkuri, marsi, iupiteri da saturni). radgan uZrav
varskvlavTa ca ucvleli saxiT brunavs dedamiwis irgvliv,
swored mas eTanadeba termini ìgiveobrivi~. amave dros pla-
tonma SesaniSnavad icis, rom warmosaxviTi kosmosis RerZi
imave dedamiwis RerZia da uZrav varskvlavTa cac imitom bru-
navs dedamiwis irgvliv, rom Tavad dedamiwa brunavs Tavisive
RerZis irgvliv. `rac Seexeba dedamiwas, Cvens marCenals da
ZiZas, Tavisi RerZis irgvliv rom brunavs, romelic mTels
samyaroze gadis — RmerTma dRe-Ramis mcvelad da gamriged
Seqmna igi~.16
rogorc vxedavT, platoni yuradRebas amaxvilebs kosmosis
geometriul struqturaze da mis centralur elementad kos-
mosur jvars warmoadgens. am kosmosuri sivrcis centrSi imyo-
feba dedamiwa, xolo ciuri ekvatorisa da ekliptikis wriuli
sibrtyeebi kosmosur sivrciT struqturas qmnian. am wreebis
diametrebi swored centrSi, anu dedamiwaze gadaikveTebian da
berZnul aso X-is formiT warmodgebian. swored am kosmosur
jvarze, rogorc kosmosur sxeulze, jvarcmulia kosmosuri
samSvinveli. es kosmosuri jvari ki Sedgenilia oTxi stiqiisa-
gan.
jvris dakavSireba samyaros Semadgenel elementebTan uZve-
lesi misteriebidan momdinareobs, magram Tavad jvris formis
gaazreba ara marTkuTxa, aramed daxrilad urTierTgadamkveTi
monakveTebiT, rogorc Cans, axali aspeqti unda iyos analo-
giur naazrevSi. es, faqtobrivad, aris samyaros suraTis ufro
realisturi warmodgena, sadac platoni ar kmayofildeba
kosmosuri jvris mxolod simboluri saxis warmodgeniT da
cdilobs am jvars ufro realuri saxe mianiWos. ekliptikisa
da ekvatoris sibrtyeebi rom urTierTSeTavsebulni yofil-
iyvnen, maSin isini marTi kuTxiT gadaikveTebodnen samyaros
RerZiT da Sesabamisad kosmosuri jvaric marTkuTxa iqneboda,
magram radgan ekvatorsa da ekliptikas Soris realurad arse-
bobs daxris garkveuli kuTxe, platonic cdilobs Tavis kos-
- 326 -
mogoniaSi gaiTvaliswinos es garemoeba. swored amitomaa, rom
igi am sibrtyeebis gadakveTis saxed berZnul aso X-is formas
asaxelebs.
marTalia, platoni ar aRniSnavs mocemuli kuTxis zust
zomas, magram Tu gavixsenebT im faqts, rom, rogorc straboni
gvauwyebs, platoni specialurad Cavida egvipteSi, raTa iqaur
qurumul sibrZnes ziareboda, 13 weli dayo heliopolisSi da
iqauri qurumebisagan Seiswavla mecniereba ciuri movleneb-
is Sesaxeb, SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom misTvis cnobili unda
yofiliyo im kuTxis zomac (Tundac garkveuli miaxloebiT),
romelic arsebobs ciur ekvatorsa da ekliptikas Soris. sam-
yaros RerZsa da mzis traeqtoriaze dakvirvebiT am kuTxis
gansazRvra araviTar gansakuTrebul sirTules ar warmoad-
gens. dRevandeli astronomiuli monacemebiT,17 platonuri
jvris `gadaxra~ marTkuTxa jvrisagan, anu kuTxe ekliptikasa
da ekvators Soris 230°27I’8II-ia. faqtobrivad, aRniSnuli kuTxe
warmoadgens dedamiwis brunvis RerZis daxras mzis ekliptikis
mimarT.
nax. 49
naxazze mocemuli suraTi platonis naazrevis mixedviT
samyaros geocentruli sistemisTvisaa Sedgenili. sazogadod,
swored samyaros geocentruli sistema iZleva misi imgvari sa-
xiT aRqmis saSualebas, rogoradac adamiani vizualurad xe-
davs kidec. igive sqema SesaZlebelia heliocentruli sistemis-
Tvisac warmovidginoT:
- 327 -
nax. 50
adamiani uSualo damzeriT ver aRiqvams uZrav varskvlavTa
cis ekvators, magram misTvis sruliad cxadi saxiT warmodgeba
misi meore umniSvnelovanesi parametri — samyaros RerZi. sak-
marisia, adamianma Tvali miapyros polarul varskvlavs, rom
advilad darwmundeba, rom igi Tavad imyofeba am RerZze. po-
laruli varskvlavi uZravi rCeba, xolo mTeli warmosaxviTi
cis sfero wriulad da Tanabrad brunavs am RerZis mimarT
(faqtobrivad, es aris dedamiwis brunva sakuTari RerZis ir-
gvliv).
ase rom, adamianis vizualuri dakvirvebisTvis platonis
kosmosuri jvari advilad aRiqmeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi uZ-
rav varskvlavTa cis myar sayrdenad miiRebs samyaros RerZs
(rasac realurad xedavs kidec) da daakvirdeba mzis moZrao-
bis sibrtyis mimarTebas am RerZTan. damkvirvebeli advilad
SeamCnevs, rom wlis droTa monacvleobasTan erTad es kuTxe
icvleba. sruliad TvalsaCinoa, rom mzis dReRamuri traeq-
toria zenitTan yvelaze axlos zafxulSia, xolo Semdeg igi
TandaTan ufro samxreTisaken ixreba da dekembris bolos ukve
sakmaod SesamCnevadaa daxrili zenitis mimarT. Semdeg mzis
traeqtoriis sibrtyis es daxriloba kvlav TandaTan mcir-
deba. Tu aTvlis momentebad davTqvamT wliuri ciklis oTx
umTavres wertils (gazafxulisa da Semodgomis dReRamtolo-
bis, zamTrisa da zafxulis mzebedobis wertilebs), Semdeg su-
raTs miviRebT:
- 328 -
nax. 51
rogorc naxazidan Cans, mzis dedamiwis garSemo moZraobis
warmosaxviTi sibrtye weliwadSi mxolod orjer (gazafxulisa
da Semodgomis dReRamtolobisas) iqneba marTobuli samyaros
RerZis mimarT, xolo zafxulisa da zamTris mzebudobebisas
igi gadaixreba am mdgomareobidan jer erT, xolo Semdeg meore
mxares swored dedamiwis RerZis daxris kuTxiT (D =23°27 I 8 II).
warmodgenili naxazidan advilad SevamCnevT, rom sakma-
risia mzis maqsimaluri da minimaluri gadaxrebis Sesabamisi
wertilebi sapirispiro kulminaciebamde gavagrZeloT, rom mi-
viRebT platonis kosmosur jvars, warmodgenils wminda ninos
jvris formis analogiuri saxiT:
nax. 52
- 329 -
sakmarisia adamianma moisurvos, rom platonis mier aR-
werili kosmosuri jvari sakuTari TvaliT vizualurad aRiq-
vas (anu dainaxos, Tu rogor mimarTebaSia erTmaneTTan uZ-
rav varskvlavTa cis sferos RerZi da dedamiwis irgvliv mzis
moZraobis warmosaxviTi sibrtye), rom igi misi TvalTaxedvis
winaSe wminda ninos jvris formiT warmodgeba.
am jvris vertikaluri xazi warmoadgens samyros RerZs,
xolo mis `horizontalur~ texil xazs qmnis mzis moZraobis,
anu ekliptikis sibrtye.
Tu am formas zust astronomiul monacemebs SevusabamebT,
miviRebT, rom jvris horizontisadmi daxrili nawilebi masTan
qmnian 230 27 I 8 II-is kuTxes, xolo erTmaneTTan 1330 5 I 16 II -s.
ramdenadac Cven araviTari werilobiTi wyaro ar gagvaCnia
imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras udris wminda ninos jvris analogiuri
kuTxe, albaT, yvelaze ufro logikuri iqneba, Tu am monacems
aviRebT im konkretuli, realurad arsebuli jvridan, rome-
lic sionis taZarSi asvenia (anki, sxva ra monacemebi SeiZleba
iyos ufro damajerebeli?).
nax. 53
- 330 -
rogorc vxedavT, wminda ninos realurad arsebuli jvris
forma, wminda maTematikuri TvalsazrisiTac ki, uaRresad maRa-
li sizustiT Seesabameba kosmosuri jvris warmodgenil saxes. ase
rom, wminda ninos jvris zemoT mocemuli interpretacia mxolod
Teoriuli mosazrebebiT ar Semoifargleba da realur, fizikur
planSi warmodgenil masalasTanac srul SesabamisobaSia.
aqve gvinda SevexoT Teoriuli formebis monacemebisa da re-
aluri fizikuri sxeulebis parametrebis urTierTobis sakiTxsac.
ramdenadac cnobilia, dedamiwis formis Teoriul gamoxa-
tulebas warmoadgens sfero, magram realur planSi dedamiwa,
rogorc fizikuri sxeuli, mcired mainc gansxvavdeba sferosagan.
Teoriul warmodgenaSi dedamiwa wriulad brunavs mzis garSemo,
magram realurad es wre deformirebulia da elifss warmoadgens.
Teoriul aTvlebSi uZravad warmodgenili dedamiwis RerZic ar
aris sinamdvileSi uZravi da Zalze mcire siCqariT, magram mainc
gadaadgildeba uZrav varskvlavTa sferos mimarT. analogiurive
kanonzomiereba Seesabameba sivrce-drois yvela parametrs. sam-
yaroSi ar arsebobs àbsoluturad wesieri~ geometriuli formebi
(aseve droiTi parametrebi), magram isini sruliad aSkara mimarTebas
amJRavneben wesieri formebis mimarT. es kanonzomiereba uZvelesi
droidan iyo SemCneuli da amitomac gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba
eniWeboda wesieri geometriuli figurebis Seswavlas. platonis
kosmogoniaSi mTeli samyaros idealuri safuZveli swored wesier
geometriul formebamdea dayvanili.
Tu zemoT warmodgenili jvris maTematikur parametrebs
mcired davamrgvalebT, es formac zustad moTavsdeba wesi-
eri geometriuli figurebis farglebSi (am SemTxvevaSi zemoT
ganxiluli kuTxe S/8-mde damrgvaldeba, rac realur kuT-
xesTan mcire gansxvavebas 00 57 I 8 II -s iZleva). wesier geomet-
riul formebamde dayvanil jvars Semdegi saxe eqneba:
nax. 54
- 331 -
rogorc naxazidan Cans, `wesier geometriaze~ dayvanili
wminda ninos jvari SeiZleba miRebul iqnas, erTi mxriv, wesi-
eri 16-kuTxedis diagonalebis urTierTgadakveTiT da, meore
mxriv, tolferda marTkuTxa samkuTxedis biseqtrisebiT. es
samkuTxedi aq SemTxveviT ar aris gamosaxuli, radgan plato-
nis kosmogoniaSi swored igi warmoadgens im pirvelad ide-
alur safuZvels, saidanac TviT kosmosis Semadgeneli sti-
qiebi warmoiSvnen.
calke gvinda ganvixiloT is kavSiri, rac platonis kosmo-
suri jvris `wesier~ formasa da dodekaedrs Soris arsebobs.
platonis moZRvrebaSi ganxilulia stiqiebisa da wesieri
mravalwaxnaga sxeulebis urTierTSesabamisobis sakiTxi. orive
am simravlis raodenoba xuT-xuTia. samyaros Semadgenel oTx
stiqias aseve oTxi geometriuli sxeuli Seesabameba: cecxli
— tetraedri, haeri — oqtaedri, wyali — ikosaedri da miwa
— kubi. mexuTe wesieri mravalwaxnaga sxeuli ar Sedis im sxe-
ulTa ricxvSi, romelTa Sesabamisi elementebi samyaros fizi-
kur sxeuls qmnian. igi warmoadgens Tavad sferuli samyaros
simbolos, amave dros, eTeris geometriul formas.
dodekaedri warmoadgens iseT wesier mravalwaxnaga sxeuls,
romelsac aqvs 12 waxnagi, 20 wvero da 30 wibo. misi waxnagebi
toli wesieri xuTkuTxedebia. dodekaedrs aqvs centri, saida-
nac yvela wvero Tanabari manZiliTaa daSorebuli. irkveva, rom
Tu dodekaedris centrs mis wveroebTan SevaerTebT, yvela wibo
zustad im kuTxiT daxrili aRmoCndeba am sxivebTan, rasac Sead-
gens zemoT ganxiluli jvris analogiuri parametri. radgan
dodekaedri sivrciTi sxeulia, am jvris geometriuli formac
sivrciTi iqneba (wveroebSi Tavs iyris sam-sami wibo). xolo Tu
mas sibrtyeze gamovsaxavT, swored wminda ninos jvris geomet-
riul formas miviRebT. ese igi, dodekaedris centridan gamo-
suli sxivebi da dodekaedris wiboebi qmnian wminda ninos jvris
Sesabamis formebs da am jvrebis erToblioba SemosazRvravs
mTel geometriul sxeuls, romelic platonis kosmogoniaSi
mTeli kosmosuri sxeulis simbolodaa miCneuli.
Tu geometriul formebTan dakavSirebiT zemoT warmodge-
nil masalas SevajamebT, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom sionis taZarSi
dasvenebuli vazis jvris forma, praqtikulad, maRali si-
zustiT Seesabameba, erTi mxriv, platonis mier warmodgenil
kosmosur jvars, romelic kosmosur sxeuls ganasaxierebs da,
meore mxriv, igive jvris forma warmoadgens aseve platonur
- 332 -
kosmogoniaSi mTeli samyaros simbolod dasaxuli wesieri
mravalwaxnaga sxeulis, dodekaedris damaxasiaTebel erT-erT
umTavres parametrs. amave dros, jvris, rogorc sulieri sim-
bolos platonuri interpretaciac advilad Tavsdeba qris-
tianuli msoflmxedvelobis farglebSi.
aqve SeiZleba vaCvenoT kidev erTi saintereso paraleli.
rogorc iTqva, platoni Sesaqmeze saubrisas kosmosur jvars
warmoadgens berZnuli anbanis aso-niSnis X-is msgavsi formiT.
isic naCvenebi iyo, rom dazustebuli astronomiuli parametre-
bis gaTvaliswinebiT, es forma uSualod wminda ninos jvris
formad gardaisaxeba. aq SeiZleba daisvas kiTxva: Tuki wminda
ninos jvris forma marTlac kavSirSia platonis am naazrevTan,
maSin iqneb qarTul anbanSic gvxvdeba raime msgavsi SemTxveva?
miT umetes, rogorc cnobilia, berZnuli anbanis asoniSnebi
mniSvnelovan rols TamaSoben qarTul asomTavrul anbanSi.
asomTavrul anbanSi ori aso-niSnis aRsaniSnavadaa gamoye-
nebuli jvris forma. erTi, es aris aso m (igive mxedruli
`q~), xolo meore — ] (igive mxedruli `j~). rogorc vxedavT,
pirveli jvris saxe Zalze axloa `klasikuri jvris~ formas-
Tan da igi sityva `qristes~ pirvel asosac warmoadgens, aseve
advilad SevamCnevT, rom meore jvriT gamosaxuli aso-niSani
] (j) sityva `jvris~ pirveli asoa da, amave dros, es aso-
niSani uSualo kavSirSia berZnul X-sTan, romelic plato-
nuri kosmosuri jvris ganxilvisas ukve bevrjer movixsenieT.
maTi urTierTobis dazustebisTvis SevadaroT berZnuli X-is
formis identuri wminda ninos jvris saxisa da asomTavruli
aso-niSnis ]-s ricxviTi mniSvnelobebi.
wesieri geometriuli saxiT warmodgenili wminda ninos
jvari, Caxazuli wrewirSi, am wrewirs yofs proporciiT 3 : 5.
nax. 55
- 333 -
ese igi, `horizontaluri~ texilis qvemoT moqceulia
wrewiris 3/8 nawili, xolo mis zemoT 5/8 nawili. wre gayofi-
lia 3+5=8 saxiT.
axla ganvixiloT aso niSani ]. igi anbanSi moTavsebulia
35-e adgilze da misi ricxviTi mniSvneloba tolia 8000-is.
35 ] 8000
ricxviTi mistikis enaze 8000 igive 8-s niSnavs, xolo moce-

muli saxiT Cawerili aso-niSanis ricxviTi gamosaxuleba iSi-
freba rogorc ricxv 8-is sulieri Sinaarsis gaxsna (3+5)-iT
mocemuli proporciis saxiT: 3+5=8.
yoveli aso-niSnis amgvari ricxviTi saxiT warmodgena
iZleva am aso-niSnebis sulieri maTematikis enaze wakiTxvis
saSualebas. amgvari ricxviTi mistikis gauTvaliswineblad
arc erTi Zveli anbanuri sistema ar Seqmnila da, cxadia, arc
qarTuli asomTavruli anbania gamonaklisi.18
rogorc vxedavT, imis garda, rom berZnuli anbanis asos
analogiuri qarTuli asomTavruli ] aso swored jvars gamo-
xatavs da sityva `jvris~ pirveli asocaa, amave dros, misi ric-
xviTi simbolika zustad emTxveva wminda ninos jvris formis
Sesabamis ricxviT simbolikas. aseTi sizustis damTxvevebi ki,
cxadia, ar SeiZleba mxolod SemTxveviTobas mieweros.
miuxedavad yovelive zemoT Tqmulisa, albaT, ar iqneba
mTlad koreqtuli imis dabejiTebiT mtkiceba, rom wminda ni-
nos jvris forma da qarTuli asomTavruli anbanis ] aso-
niSanis forma da ricxviTi simbolika mxolod da mxolod pla-
tonuri kosmogoniidan ganisazRvra, miuxedavad imisa, rom am
formaTa Sesabamisoba antikuri samyarodan momdinare analogi-
ur gamosaxulebebTan sruliad aSkaraa. ufro marTebuli iqne-
ba, vifiqroT, rom yvela am formas, rogorc antikuri, aseve
qarTuli samyarodan momdinares, saerTo wyaro gaaCnia RvTaeb-
rivi gamocxadebis saxiT, saidanac uSualod momdinareobs ki-
dec yovelgvari WeSmariti sulieri simbolika. xolo Tuki re-
alur planSi qarTuli asomTavruli anbanis Seqmnisas berZnuli
anbanis aso-niSnebis formebi iqna gamoyenebuli, xolo wminda
ninos jvris formisTvis aseve berZnuli samyarodan momdinare
jvris erT-erTi interpretacia, es ar unda gavigoT rogorc
formaTa ubralo kopireba. saqarTveloSi Seqmnil aso-niSnebi-
sa da jvris formebis sulieri arsi sruliad originaluri da
- 334 -
TviTmyofadia, radgan, pirvel rigSi, swored sulieri Sinaarsi
gansazRvravs formas da ara forma Sinaarss.
cxadia, sruliad naTelia, rom rogorc wminda ninos
jvars, aseve qarTul asomTavrul anbans sruliad dasrulebu-
li, TavisTavadi sulieri Sinaarsi udevT safuZvlad, xolo am
Sinaarsis gamosaxatavad moxerxebuladaa gamoyenebuli konkre-
tulad arsebuli, am SemTxvevaSi, berZnuli samyarodan momdi-
nare garegnuli formebi.
vfiqrobT, ganxiluli paralelebi aSkarad metyveleben
warmodgenil geometriul formaTa identurobaze, maT Sinagan
urTierTkavSirze, magram albaT aucilebelia daisvas kiTxva:
ra mosazrebebi unda dasdeboda safuZvlad wminda ninos jvris
formis Seqmnas mTeli kosmosis simbolod gaazrebuli formis
analogiuri saxiT? ratom maincdamainc saqarTveloSi iqna aq-
centirebuli qristianuli jvris amgvari interpretacia?
saqarTvelos sulier wreebSi arsebuli qristianuli
jvris aRniSnuli interpretacia, upirveles yovlisa, isev da
isev im umniSvnelovanesi sulieri winamZRvrebidan momdinare-
obs, romlebic dakavSirebulia mcxeTaSi uflis kvarTis ar-
sebobisa da saqarTvelos RvTismSoblisadmi wilxvdomilobis
movlenebTan. rogorc am sakiTxebze saubrisas iyo aRniSnuli,
uflis kvarTi simbolurad warmoadgens im zogadsakacobrio
kuTvnilebas, romelic erebsa da mxareebs Soris ar nawilde-
ba da sivrcobrivi orientaciis TvalsazrisiT misi moazreba
sulier centrs ukavSirdeba. analogiur suraT-xats moicavs
RvTismSoblisadmi wilxvdomilobis ideac. 12 samociqulo mxa-
red ganawilebuli qveynierebis centrSi imaginaciurad igul-
veba RvTismSobeli. fizikuradac igi rCeba qveynierebis su-
lier centrSi — ierusalimSi, magram iqve mieniSneba, rom mas
saqadageblad saqarTvelo xvda wilad.
am sulieri xatidan uSualod momdinareobs mcxeTis àxal
ierusalimad~ moazrebis ideac. saqarTvelos sulieri moZ-
Rvarnic swored im Soreuli momavlisken miapyrobdnen mzeras,
roca sakacobrio arenaze qarTvel ers mouwevs mniSvnelovani
zogadsakacobrio misiis aRsruleba da es misia, umTavresad,
swored RvTismSobelTan iqneba dakavSirebuli. maT warmodgen-
ebSi, bunebrivia, im Soreul epoqaSi mcxeTa moiazreba qveyniere-
bis axal sulier centrad. swored amitomac, rogorc naCvenebi
iyo, mcxeTis sveticxovlis taZris geometriuli agebulebac ki
xazgasmiT afiqsirebs samyaros RerZis mcxeTaze gavlis ideas.
- 335 -
mcxeTis cocxali sveti erT-erT aspeqtSi swored samyaros Re-
rZsac ganasaxierebs.
rogorc wminda ninos jvarTan dakavSirebiT SevniSneT,
imave samyaros RerZis simboluri gamosaxuleba masSic cen-
tralur adgils ikavebs. wminda ninos jvris vertikaluri
nawili swored samyaros RerZs ganasaxierebs da cocxali sve-
tis msgavsad isic polaruli varskvlaviskenaa mimarTuli.
am TvalsazrisiT, wminda ninos mier agebuli svetic-
xovelic da misive Seqmnili vazis jvaric erTsa da imave ideas
ganacxadeben.
miuxedavad samyaros sivrcobrivi struqturis amgvari
gaazrebisa, wminda ninos jvris formas sxva uaRresad mniS-
vnelovani sulieri aspeqtebic gaaCnia.
rogorc cnobilia, miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelo
saqadageblad RvTismSobels xvda wilad, samociqulo peri-
odSive mis nacvlad andria pirvelwodebuls mouwia gamom-
gzavreba. rogorc zemoT iyo naCvenebi, es sulieri movlena
sruliad gansakuTrebul garemoebasTan iyo dakavSirebuli im-
denad, ramdenadac mociqulTa wridan swored andria iyo is in-
dividualoba, romelsac jer kidev Tavisi winare xeldasxmidan
momdinare xelewifeboda urTierTobis garkveva Crdilour
samyarosTan.
CrdiloeTis sulieri centrebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli mi-
marTeba samyaroul movlenebTan, ufro zogadad ki fizikuri
sxeulis misteriebTan, samxreTul sulier nakadSi swored an-
drias pirvel moZRvarTan — ioane naTlismcemelTan iyo dakav-
Sirebuli. swored amitomac andrias daekisra samxreTuli da
Crdilouri misteriebis SemaerTeblisa da qristianulad war-
momsaxvelis urTulesi misia. am ori misteriuli samyaros su-
lieri Sexvedra ki mniSvnelovanwilad swored saqarTveloSi
ganxorcielda, riTac safuZveli Caeyara am mxaris samomavlo
perspeqtivebsac.
ramdenadac samxreTuli misteriebisgan gansxvavebiT Crdi-
loelTa sulieri mzera, ZiriTadad, gare samyarosken iyo
mimarTuli, varskvlavuri samyaro da maTSi gacxadebuli su-
liereba swored maT moZRvarTa Wvretis umTavres areals
warmoadgenda. marTalia, maT ar SeuqmniaT platonis msgavsi
mecnieruli moZRvreba varskvlavuri kosmosis struqturis
Sesaxeb, magram am varskvlaveTidan momdinare impulsebTan maT
uaRresad farTo sulieri mimarTebebi akavSirebdaT.
- 336 -
yovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT, did mniSvnelobas iZens
qristianobaSi miRebuli tradicia imis Sesaxeb, rom qris-
tesTvis wamebuli andria mociquli swored berZnuli aso X-is
formis jvarze iqna gakruli.
aqedan gamomdinare, sruliad bunebrivia, rom formis
TvalsazrisiT, imave jvarTanaa dakavSirebuli mis samociqulo
mxareSi imave misiis ganmaxorcielebeli wminda ninos mier Se-
qmnili jvris formac. am TvalsazrisiT, andrias jvaric, Tavis
mxriv, qristianuli jvris imgvari interpretaciidan unda mom-
dinareobdes, romelzedac zemoT iyo saubari. miT umetes, rom
andrias qadagebani da misi sulieri cxovrebis xasiaTi saber-
ZneTSic SesaniSnavad iyo cnobili. gadmocemebis mixedviT, an-
drias saqarTvelosa da skviTeTis garda saberZneTsa da mcire
aziaSic didxans mouwia samociqulo moRvaweoba.
***
zemoT Cven, ZiriTadad, mxolod wminda ninos jvris formas

SevexeT, magram aseve mniSvnelovania is faqtic, rom es jvari
vazis nasxvlavisganaa Seqmnili.
`qarTlis moqcevaSi~ naTqvamia, rom igi Tavad wminda ninom
Seqmna: `da Seqmna saxe juarisaY, nasxlevisaY da mun daadgra da
ilocvida~.
rogorc Cans, mogvianebiT kidev ufro Zlierdeba aqcenti
vazisa da wminda ninos jvris sulier kavSirze. wminda ninos
moRvaweobis amsaxvel XII saukunis arseniseul da XIII saukunis
ucnobi avtoris versiebSi ukve pirdapiraa miTiTebuli, rom
wminda ninos jvari RvTaebrivi warmoSobisaa. igi Seqmnilia Ta-
vad RvTismSoblis mier da, amave dros, uSualod macxovrisa-
gan momdinareobs. arseni sruliad garkveviT aRniSnavs, rom
Txrobisas mTlianad `qarTlis moqcevisa~ da leonti mrove-
lis `mefeTa cxovrebis~ teqstebs eyrdnoba da maT cnobebSi
arafers cvlis. miuxedavad amisa, wminda ninos jvris Seqmnas-
Tan dakavSirebiT, erTi SexedviT, TiTqosda aSkarad gansxvave-
bul cnobas gvawvdis. arseni gvauwyebs, rom wminda ninos jvari
RvTismSobelma RvTaebrivi vazisgan Seqmna da gadasca ninos,
maSin, roca `moqcevis~ mixedviT es jvari Tavad wminda ninom
Seqmna. faqtobrivi TvalsazrisiT, erTmaneTisagan TiTqosda
didad gansxvavebuli es ori uwyeba sulieri TvalsazrisiT,
marTlac, ar gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan. `moqceva~ iuwyeba,
- 337 -
rom mcxeTaSi mosuli nino sami wlis ganmavlobaSi ìlocvida
farulad adgilsa erTsa Seburvilsa brZamliTa mayulisaiTa.
da Seqmna saxe juarisaY, nasxlevisaY da mun daadgra da ilocvi-
da~. rogorc irkveva, arsens sulieri TvalsazrisiT, marTlac,
araferi Seucvlia am epizodSi. ubralod, man `moqcevaSi~ mo-
cemuli mayvlovanis sulieri simbolo ufro cxadlivi saxiT
warmoadgina. mayvlis buCqi jer kidev moses gamocxadebaSi
gvxvdeba, roca ufali cecxlmodebuli, dauwvavi buCqidan esa-
ubreba moses. qristianuli eklesiis tradiciiT, es `mayvlis
buCqi, romlisagan gamodioda (ismoda) sityva RvTisa, moas-
wavebda yovlad wmida RvTismSobels, romlisagan iSva sityva
RvTisa — ieso qriste~.19
mayvlis buCqTan locvisas jvris Seqmnis procesi arsenis
mier ganicdeba rogorc RvTismSoblis uSualo monawileoba am
jvris SeqmnaSi, ramdenadac es mayvlis buCqi Tavadaa msaxebeli
RvTismSoblisa.
marTalia, `moqcevaSi~ aseTi gaxsnili saxiT ar aris mo-
cemuli es idea, magram, samagierod, teqsti gvTavazobs kidev
erT mniSvnelovan alegoriul formas, rac uSualod ukavSir-
deba rogorc taZris cocxali svetis, aseve wminda ninos jvris
sulier gaazrebas.
rogorc `moqcevaSi~ vkiTxulobT, mcxeTaSi aris samefo
baRi, romelsac samoTxe hqvia, xolo am baRSi, swored im adgi-
las, sadac uflis kvarTia dafluli da male saswaulebrivi
cocxali svetic aRimarTeba, aris naZvnari da am `naZuTa queSe
babiloTa adgili ars mcire, sayuarelad Semzadebuli~.20
wminda ninos gamocxadebiT mieniSneba am adgilis Sesaxeb.
am gamocxadebiT man uSvilo col-qmari gankurna, xolo Sem-
deg sxva gamocxadebebic kvlav am babiloze amaxvileben yura-
dRebas:
`da maTve dReTa Sina orgzis da samgzis vixile Cueneba-
sa Sina mciredsa mas mirulebasa Cemsa muxlTa zeda: movidian
mfrinvelni cisani, STavidian mdinaresa, daibanian da movidian
samoTxesa mas, da babilosa mas moisTulebdian da yuavilsa mas
Zovdian . . . “
Semdeg, roca qristianad moqceulma mirian mefem taZris
ageba gadawyvita, igi swored am adgils irCevs da wminda ninos
amgvarad mimarTavs:
àra vhrido samoTxesa mas sameufosa da naZuTa simaRlesa
da babiloTa maT nayofierebasa da yuavilTa maT sulnelebasa,
- 338 -
aramed mas Sina aRvaSeno taZari salocvelad Cemda, romeli
egos ukunisamde~.21
saRmrTo gangebulebiT, es adgili zustad emTxveva uf-
lis kvarTis dafvlis adgils da wminda ninos sveticxovelic
swored aq aRimarTeba.
rogorc vxedavT, babilos alegoriuli saxe Zalze gamokve-
Tiladaa mocemuli, magram ra aris Tavad babilo?
sulxan-saba orbeliani amgvarad ganmartavs:
`babilo (xe) — maRali vazi, xis venaxi, gina grZeli vazi,
xeze venaxi.~22
ese igi, babilo xed moazrebuli vazia da igi qmnis xis im-
gvar imaginacur saxes, sadac xe da vazi erTmaneTs erwymis da
erT saxed warmodgebian. amave dros teqstSi mocemuli babilo
swored samoTxis xea, rac kidev ufro azustebs mocemul ale-
gorias. am adgilas mokveTili naZvisagan mzaddeba cocxali
sveti, romelic, Tavis mxriv, qriatianuli jvris erT-erTi
gamovlinebaa. cocxali svetisa da qristianuli jvris uSua-
lo erTobis sakiTxi imiTac xazgasmulad mieniSneba, rom misi
aRmarTebidan arcTu ise didi xnis Semdeg es sveti uSualod
jvris formad gardaisaxeba. misgan mcire zomis jvrebi mzad-
deba da mTel saqarTvelos moefineba. am SemTxvevaSi igi ime-
orebs golgoTis jvris istorias.
ase rom, mcxeTis samoTxis baRSi vazi da xe urTierTSer-
wymulad warmodgeba, xolo es xati uSualod ukavSirdeba
samoTxiseul sicocxlis xes, saidanac, Tavis mxriv, qristianu-
li jvari momdinareobs.
wminda ninos vazis jvaric, cxadia, qristianuli jvaria da
isic samoTxiseul sicocxlis xesTanaa kavSirSi.
rogorc vxedavT, teqstSi mocemuli babilos alegoria
uaRresad saintereso imaginaciur xats qmnis da swored am gziT
warmoaCens wminda ninos jvris vazTan erTobis simbolikas.
vazis simbolo qristianuli gagebiT uSualod ukavSirdeba
macxovars. igi Tavadaa `vazi WeSmariti~ (ioane, 15, 1). amiT
kidev erTxelaa xazgasmuli wminda ninos jvris mimarTeba mac-
xovarTan, magram amis garda babilos alegoria jer kidev Zveli
aRTqmis warmodgenebidan iRebs saTaves. babilosa da RmerTis
danergili naZvis urTierTobis ideac ukve aqedanaa cnobili.
79-e fsalmuni amgvarad JRers:
`venaxi egviptiT scvale, ganasxen warmarTni da daasxi igi.
- 339 -
gza-uyav winaSe missa da dahnergen Zirni misni, da aRivso qu-
eyana. dafarna mTani Crdiloman misman da babiloTa misTa — na-
Zuni RmrTisani.~23
am SemTxvevaSi Tavad ebraeli eria moazrebuli rogorc

egviptidan aRTqmul qveyanaSi gadanergili vazi. xolo es vazi
babilod gaizarda da Tavad `naZuni RmrTisanic~ ki daCrdila.
SemdgomSi ebraeli eris aRTqmisagan gandgoma da RmerTis mier
misi dasja xSirad swored am babilos gadagvarebiTa da una-
yofobiTaa simbolizebuli (esaia, 5, 1-7; ieremia 2, 21; ezekieli
17, 6).
RmerTis danergili naZvisa da vazis urTierTgardasaxvis
saocar xats gvTavazobs ezekielis gamocxadeba, sadac naTqva-
mia, rom arwivi `movida libanidan da kenwero moawyvita naZvs;
mostexa zemoTa ylorti, waiRo qanaanis qveynad da movaWreTa
qalaqSi dado.
aiRo im qveynis Tesli da CaTesa nayofier yanaSi; uxv
wylebTan dado da dargo tirifiviT.
aRmocenda da Seiqna rtogaSlili da tandabali vazi, rom-
lis totebi arwivisken ixreboda da fesvebi misi mis qveS iyo.
Seiqna vazi, rqa gamoiRo da gauSva totebi~.24
msgavsive warmosaxviTi xatia mocemuli `qarTlis mo-
qcevaSic~. aq ukve xazgasmuladaa miniSnebuli, rom mcxeTis
samoTxeSi danergili babilo msxmoiare, nayofieri vazia da
igi, rogorc samoTxis xe, erTian mimarTebaSi moiazreba uf-
lis kvarTis saflavze arsebul naZvTan — `naZusa mas libaniT
mosrulsa da mcxeTas danergulsa~.25 am naZvisgan ki, rogorc
cnobilia, cocxali sveti Seiqmna.
amgvari imaginaciuri saxiT `qarTlis moqceva~ erTmaneT-
Tan akavSirebs mcxeTis samoTxeSi uflis saflavze aRmarTul
cocxal svetsa da wminda ninos vazisgan Seqmnil jvars. orive
maTgani ki imave warmosaxviT uSualod ukavSirdebian golgo-
Tis qristianul jvars.
- 340 -
Tavi X
sveticxovlis misteriis
sofiologiuri aspeqti
§ 1. sofiologiis pirveli nabijebi

rogorc aRiniSna, qarTuli kulturis `gamofxizleba~
Tavis apogeas Cveni welTaRricxvis IV saukuneSi aRwevs. es pro-
cesi jer kidev maSin iwyeba, roca berZnuli samyaros miste-
riuli centrebi mkveTrad ecemian. gansakuTrebiT delfosa da
efesos misteriebis sulieri monapovrebi Zalumad gadaiRvara
qarTul kulturaSi. axali welTaRricxvis pirvel saukuneebSi
ki xdeba misi qristianuli impulsiT ganayofiereba. es qris-
tianizaciis procesi erTgvarad specifikuri kuTxiT viTarde-
ba da am specifikurobis yvelaze TvalnaTeli gamovlineba mo-
cemulia iseT sulier xatebSi, rogorebicaa ukve aRniSnuli
ori wilxvdomileba — uflis kvarTisa da RvTismSoblisadmi
saqarTvelos wilxvdomilebiT dakavSireba. sabolood am ori
mniSvnelovani istoriuli movlenis saerTo xatSi warmosaxvac
xorcieldeba da igi mcxeTaSi aRmarTuli sveticxovlis saxiT
gvevlineba. amjerad gvinda swored am mimarTulebiT mivap-
yroT yuradReba.
dRevandeli gadasaxedidan sveticxovlis sulier ar-
sSi garkveva sruliad warmoudgenelia iseTi mniSvnelovani
sakiTxis gauTvaliswineblad, rogoricaa wminda sofiis arsis
garkveva.
rogorc warmarTuli, aseve qristianuli RvTismetyveleb-
is mTeli istoriis manZilze Znelad Tu moiZebneba ufro idu-
malebiT moculi problema, vidre wminda sofiis gagebis sakiT-
xia. marTalia, am problemis ganxilva Sors scildeba winamdebare
naSromis farglebs, magram zogierTi mosazrebis sicxadisTvis
mokled SevexebiT sofiologiis ZiriTad sakiTxebs.
sofiis, anu garkveul sulier arsebad moazrebuli RvTae-
brivi sibrZnis Sesaxeb arsebuli warmodgenebi jer kidev uZve-
lesi qaldeuri misteriebidan iReben saTaves.
Zv. w. III aTaswleulSi adamianebi dRevandelisgan sruliad
- 341 -
gansxvavebulad aRiqvamdnen gare samyaros. dRis azrovneba
jer kidev ar iyo iseTi `mkveTri~, rogorc es dResaa da am-
denad sifxizlisasac ki isini naTlad ganicdidnen sxvadasxva
sulieri arsebis moqmedebas garemomcvel samyaroSi. es aracno-
bieri naTelxilva mniSvnelovnad `bindavda~ adamianTa fxizel
azrovnebas da, faqtobrivad, maTi sifxizle didi doziT Sei-
cavda Zilis mdgomareobasac. samagierod, maTi Zilis mdgo-
mareoba, anu sizmriseuli xedvac ar iyo iseTi aracnobieri da
qaoturi, rogorc es dResaa. Zilisas adamians sakmaod naTeli
gancda hqonda sulier samyarosTan urTierTobisa da SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom gacilebiT ufro `fxizlad~ eZina. Tanamedrove
gagebiT, dRis mdgomareoba erTgvarad Serwymoda sizmri-
seul azrovnebas. adamianuri yofisa da sulier samyarosTan
urTierTobis es ori mdgomareoba, anu, dRevandeli gagebiT,
sifxizle da Zili uZveles qaldeur warmodgenebSi aRiniSne-
boda rogorc àfsu~ da `TiamaTi~.1 igi Seesabameboda dRisa
da Ramis mdgomareobas, anu ufro zustad, dRisa da Ramis gan-
mavlobaSi arsebul urTierTobebs sxvadasxva rangis sulier
arsebebTan. ramdenadac es sulieri arsebebi qmnidnen adamianis
ZiriTad saarsebo garemos, Zveli qaldevelisTvis àfsuc~ da
`TiamaTic~ sruliad realur, mravlismomcvel sulier arsebe-
bad warmodgebodnen.
ramdenadac Semdgomi sakacobrio cxovreba sulieri Tval-
sazrisiT TandaTanobiTi dacemis gziT warimarTa, adamianebis-
Tvis es xilvebi aseve TandaTan daibinda da `TiamaTis~ wiaRSi
ufro da ufro Warbad ixilveboda sxvadasxva saxis demonuri
arsebebi, romlebic negatiuri sulieri Zalebis SemoWris gziT
vlindebodnen da maT mimarT adamianTa damokidebuleba, cxadia,
uaryofiTi iyo. am demonur arsebaTa erToblioba qaldeur
miTosSi aRiniSneboda rogorc keTili RmerTebis umTavresi
mteri — cecxlis mfrqveveli drakoni. am miTosur xilvebSi
aRniSnuli cvlilebebi aRiqmeboda rogorc `TiamaTis~ mier
drakonis dabadeba. imave miTosuri warmodgenebis mixedviT,
istoriis am krizisul periodSi arenaze gamoCnda mniSvnelo-
vani sulieri arseba èa~. èa~-m kacobriobis mxsnelad gamog-
zavna Tavisi Ze — marduqi. mZime brZolaSi marduqma daamarcxa
TiamaTis Sobili cecxlovani drakoni da misi sxeulisgan ca da
dedamiwa Seqmna.
swored es uZvelesi qaldeuri panTeonis sulieri arseba
èa~ warmoidgineboda rogorc gamoxatuleba RvTaebrivi si-
- 342 -
brZnisa. mogvianebiT mas ukve sofia ewoda. uZvelesi tradiciiT,
am sityvis Semadgeneli bgerebic analogiur Sinaarss afiqsire-
ben. èa~, anu ìa~ gamosaxavs yovlismomcvel sibrZnes, xolo
nawilaki `sof~ niSnavs myofobas. am gagebiT sityva `sof-ia~
gamosaxavs yovlismomcvel, yoveliveSi gamovlenil, yovelive-
Si gamefebul sibrZnes.2
swored èa~-m, anu RvTaebrivma sibrZnem, `sofiam~ daba-
da zeciuri gmiri marduqi, romelic Semdgomi tradiciebis
mixedviT ukve mTavarangelozuri ierarqiis warmomadgenel
miqaelTan gaigivda. kidev ufro mogvianebiT ukve qristianul
msoflmxedvelobaSic vxvdebiT kosmosur drakonTan mebrZol
mTavarangeloz miqaels. rogorc aRvniSneT, am sulieri brZo-
lis winasaxe ukve uZveles qaldeur misteriebSia mocemuli,
sadac èa~-s Ze marduqi kosmosur drakons amarcxebs.
aqve SeiZleba vaCvenoT, rom analogiuri suraT-xati ber-
Znul miTosur azrovnebaSic irekleba. aseve uZvelesi mis-
teriebis saidumlos warmoadgenda is Rrma Sinagani kavSiri,
rac babilonelTa marduqsa da berZenTa apolons Soris arse-
bobda.
berZnuli miTosis mixedviT, dedamiwis RvTaeba `gea~ war-
moiSva qaosisgan. `gea~-m qalwulebrivad Sva uranosi. Semdeg
imave geasgan ibadebian titanebic. gea iyo usazRvrod brZeni
da delfoSi daaarsa salocavi, sadac moRvaweobda misi qal-
wuli Temida. imave delfos samlocveloSi moqmedebda gveli
piTonic. erT-erT aspeqtSi es gveli swored sibrZnis simbolo-
dac gvevlineba. mTel am miTosur suraTSi xazgasmiT mieniSne-
ba delfos misteriebis Rrma sulieri kavSiri maradqalur saw-
yisTan. mogvianebiT apoloni amarcxebs gvel piTons da del-
foSi arsdeba apolonis sakurTxeveli. am gziT mieniSneba, rom
`gea~-dan momdinare sulieri nakadi axal safexurze vlindeba
delfos apolonur misteriaSi.
swored apolonuri nakadis gagrZelebas warmoadgens wmin-
da giorgis qristianuli saxe. miqaeluri sulieri nakadis um-
Tavresi gmiris wminda giorgis arqetips ganasaxierebs mziuri
gmiri apoloni, romelic, Tavis mxriv, warmoadgens `gea~-dan
momdinare misteriebis gamgrZelebels.
swored miqaeluri gziT vlindeba sulieri naTesaoba, erTi
mxriv, babilonur marduqsa da, meore mxriv, berZenTa apolons
Soris. es ukanasknelni ki momdinareoben babilonur èa~-sa da
berZnul `gea~-sgan. aseve naCvenebi iyo, rom èa~-c da `gea~-c
- 343 -
swored RvTaebriv sibrZnes ganasaxiereben. bgeraTmetyvelebac
naTlad mianiSnebs amgvar paralelze. faqtobrivad, babilo-
nuri panTeonis èa~-c da berZnuli miTosidan ganWvretili
`gea~-c erTi da imave sulieri arsebis, RvTaebrivi sibrZnis,
anu sofiis Sesaxeb metyveleben. orive es nakadi mianiSnebs
mziuri gmiris miqaelis movlinebas da mis brZolas kosmosur
drakonTan.
ramdenadac `gea~-dan momdinare nakadi qristianul epoqaSi
ukve wminda giorgis kultSi vlindeba, am gziT kidev erTi sa-
xiT warmoCindeba wminda giorgis saxelis (`georgos~) da, meore
mxriv, saqarTvelos berZnuli dasaxelebis (`georgia~) uSualo
momdinareoba `gea~-sTan dakavSirebuli misteriebidan. am mis-
teriebSi ki yvelaze ufro Zalumad vlindebian miwieri sub-
stanciebidan momdinare sulieri Zalebi. amitomac, rogorc
ukve aRniSnulic iyo, georgia miwaTmoqmedia swored sulieri
TvalsazrisiT. amave dros, misi warmomavloba sofiis xatis
uZveles gamovlinebas ukavSirdeba. am gziT, erTi mxriv, wminda
giorgis qristianuli saxe da, meore mxriv, sofiis qristianu-
li saxe — RvTismSoblis xati, ase mWidrod erwymian erTmaneTs
saqarTvelos erovnul cnobierebaSi.
Zv. w. II aTaswleulis dasawyisSi qaldeuri samyarodan
gamodis axali kulturuli nakadi, romelsac kacobriobis is-
toriaSi sruliad gansakuTrebuli misia akisria. bibliur enaze
es movlena gamosaxulia rogorc abraamis gamosvla uridan.
mas Semdeg ebraul samyaroSi mudmivad arsebobda qaldeadan
wamoRebuli codna RvTaebrivi sibrZnis Sesaxeb. mogvianebiT es
codna ukve werilobiTi saxiT Camoyalibda wminda werilebSi.
Zvel aRTqmaSi sofiis Sesaxeb sakiTxs gansakuTrebiT far-
Tod exebian ìgavni solomonisa~, `sibrZne solomonisa~ da `si-
brZne ziraqisa~. amaT garda sofiis Sesaxeb garkveul cnobebs
vxvdebiT èklesiastesa~ da ìobis~ wignebSic.
Semdgomdroindeli Txzulebebisgan gansxvavebiT am weri-
lebs arafriT ar SeiZleba ewodoT sofiologiuri kvlevebi,
radgan maTSi mocemulia ara gamokvlevebi da mosazrebebi
RvTaebrivi sibrZnis, anu sofiis Sesaxeb, aramed misi cocxali
mistikuri gancda. Semdgomi sofiologiuri kvlevebisTvis es
werilebi uSualo pirvelwyaros warmoadgenen.
rogorc ki ukanaskneli saukuneebis mecnierulma azrma
yuradReba gaamaxvila wminda sofiis azrovnebiTi SesaZle-
blobebiT garkvevis sakiTxze, maSinve mTeli simwvaviT daisva
- 344 -
uamravi amouxsneli amocana. im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca mkvle-
varni cdilobdnen qristianuli eklesiis did avtoritetebs
dayrdnobodnen, wminda sofiis arseba mainc idumalebis buru-
siT moculi rCeboda. wminda sofiasTan dakavSirebuli sakiT-
xebi arasodes yofila msoflio saeklesio krebebis special-
uri ganxilvis sagani da amdenad saeklesio dogmati maT praq-
tikulad ar exeba. qristiani mamebis mier gamoTqmuli calkeu-
li mosazrebebi aranairad ar iZleoda srul suraTs sofiis
srulyofilad moazrebisTvis.
gaurkveveli aRmoCnda iseTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxic ki, Tu
rogor unda aRqmuliyo wminda sofia — rogorc damoukide-
beli, pirovnuli arseba, Tu rame arsis personifikacia. xolo
Tu igi gagebul iqneboda damoukidebel sulier arsebad, ma-
Sin kidev ufro didi sirTule Cndeboda imis gasarkvevad, Tu
romel sulier ierarqias ganekuTvneboda igi.
solomonis igavebSi garkveviT mieniSneba, rom sofiis gamo-
Cena win uswrebs RmerTisgan samyaros, anu droisa da sivrcis
Seqmnas. aRniSnul werilSi sofia sakuTari arsebis Sesaxeb iu-
wyeba:
ùfalma SemiZina Tavisi gzis dasawyisSi, Tavis qmnilebe-
bamde dasabamiT; ukuniTidan damadgina, Tavidanve, qveynis da-
sabamidan. roca ar iyo ufskrulebi, maSin gavCndi, roca arc
wyaluxvi wyaroebi iyo; me gavCndi, vidre mTebi damyardebodnen,
borcvebze uwinares; roca jer arc qveyana iyo Seqmnili, arc
mindor-velebi da arc samyaros pirveli mtveri; rodesac igi
zecas ganamzadebda, iq viyavi, rodesac ufskrulis pirze wres
avlebda, rodesac maRla cebs amagrebda, ufskrulis wyaroebs
aZlierebda, rodesac zRvas wess udgenda, rom wyali napire-
bidan ar gadmosuliyo, rodesac qveyanas safuZvels uyrida,
maSin me gverdiT vyavdi, rogorc ostati . . . “3
Zvel aRTqmaSi isicaa aRniSnuli, rom RmerTis sibrZne sau-
kunod masTan imyofeba:
`yoveli sibrZne uflisagan aris da masTanaa saukunod.
zRvaTa qviSa, wvimis wveTebi da dReni maradisobisa vin aR-
ricxos? zecis simaRles, miwis sifarTes, ufskrulsa da si-
brZnes vin gamoikvlevs?
yovelTa uwinares warmoiSva sibrZne da gonebis gamWriaxo-
ba ukunisidan. Ziri sibrZnisa vis gamoecxada da xelovnebani
misi vin Seicno?
erTia brZeni, friad saSiSi, Tavis taxtze dabrZanebuli.~4
- 345 -
SesaqmeSi sibrZnis SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweoba da RmerTis-
gan misi ganuSorebloba sakmao safuZvels iZleoda, rom zogi-
erT saeklesio moRvawes igi qristesTan gaeigivebina.
arianelTa winaaRmdeg brZolisas aTanase aleqsandriels
uwevs komentari gaukeTos Zveli aRTqmis im fragmentebs, sadac
RvTaebriv sibrZnezea saubari. marTalia, sofiasa da logoss
ariozic aigivebda, magram ìgavebis~ zemoT moyvanili uwyeba
mas esmoda rogorc dadastureba imisa, rom logosi Seqmnilia
mama RmerTis mier. aTanases ganmartebiT ki wminda werilis es
fragmenti ar iZleoda amgvar safuZvels. marTalia, aTanasec
gulisxmobda, rom am SemTxvevaSi saubaria logosze, rogorc
mamis sibrZnis gamovlinebaze, magram Tvlida, rom aq ar das-
turdeba, rom logosi Seqmnilia. qristianuli dogmatis mixed-
viT, qriste aris ara qmnili, aramed `Sobili uwinares yovelTa
saukuneTa~.
sofiis amgvar gaazrebas jer kidev filon aleqsandriel-
ma daudo saTave. male imave mosazrebas gamoTqvams origeni
(II saukune). igi aRniSnavs, rom `qriste aris logosi da mamis
uzenaesi sibrZne~. SemdgomSi klimenti aleqsandrielTan da
grigol RvTismetyvelTan gvxvdeba ideebi logosisa da sofiis
gaigivebis Sesaxeb.
RvTaebrivi sibrZnis logosTan kavSirSi ganxilvas mxars
uWeren eklesiis sxva maRali avtoritetebic (ioane damaskeli,
epifane . . .).
aRniSnuli mosazrebis momxreebTan xSirad xdeba citireba
axali aRTqmidanac. korinTelTa mimarT pirvel epistoleSi
pavle mociquli amgvar gamoTqmebs mimarTavs:
`xolo maTve CinebulTa, huriaTa da warmarTTa qriste
RmrTisa Zal ars da RmrTisa sibrZne~.5
`misgan Tquen xarT qristes iesos mier, romeli-igi iqmna
Cuenda sibrZne RmrTisa mier, simarTle, siwmide da gamoxsna~.6
Zveli aRTqmis uwyebebi sakmao safuZvels qmnida imis-
Tvisac, rom eklesiis zogierT mamebs suliwmindis gamovline-
badac SeecnoT igi. magaliTad, pirveli saukuneebis cnobili
moRvaweebi Teofile antioqeli (186) da irineosi (202) swored
amgvari mosazrebisani iyvnen.
xSirad eklesiis mamebi sofiis mravalsaxovanebazedac sau-
brobdnen. V saukunis didi RvTismetyveli Teodorite kireli
wminda sofias samsaxovnad ganmartavs:
àrsebobs sami sofia: erTi, romlis saSualebiTac Cven mo-
- 346 -
cemuli gvaqvs viyoT azrianni da gamWriaxni, misiT SesaZlebe-
lia sinamdvilis Semecneba, mis saSualebiT Cven veweviT moR-
vaweobas mecnierebasa da xelovnebaSi, da misiT Cven SegviZlia
SevimecnoT RmerTi, meore — isaa, romelic gacxadda SeqmnilSi,
da mesame, romelic gamovlinda Cvens macxovarSi~.7
miniSneba RvTaebrivi sibrZnis mravalmxrivobaze axal
aRTqmaSic arsebobs. efeselTa mimarT epistoleSi pavle moci-
quli amgvarad msjelobs:
`me, umrwemessa amas yovelTa wmidaTasa, momeca madli ese
warmarTTa Soris xarebad gamoukuleveli igi simdidre qris-
tesi da ganaTlebad yovelTa, rai-igi ars gangebulebaY igi sai-
dumloisa mis dafarulisaY saukuniTgan RmrTisa Tana, romel-
man yovelive dahbada ieso qristes mier, raiTa euwyos aw mTav-
robaTa maT da xelmwifebaTa zecisaTa eklesiisagan mraval-
feri igi sibrZne RmrTisaY.~8
masala wminda sofiasTan dakavSirebiT qristiani mamebis
mier gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis Sesaxeb sakmaod vrcelia da
amjerad ver SevudgebiT mis detalur ganxilvas. mxolod zoga-
dad SevniSnavT, rom, erTi SexedviT, am mosazrebaTa urTierT-
gansxvavebuloba da winaaRmdegobriobac ki ZiriTadad mainc
moCvenebiTia. am SemTxvevaSi ufro marTebulia, igi danaxul
iqnas ara rogorc azrTa sxvadasxvaoba, aramed rogorc azrTa
mravalferovneba, rac sruliad marTebulia iseTi sakiTxis
ganxilvisas, rogorc wminda sofiis gagebaa. vfiqrobT, pirveli
saukunis saeklesio moRvaweTa naazrevSi centralurs warmoad-
gens im sakiTxis sworad danaxva, rom yovel maTgans aerTianebs
erTi saerTo tendencia — saeklesio disputebis wina planze
idges qristologiis da ara sofiologiis problemebi. qris-
tiani mamebisTvis sruliad naTelia imis gancda, rom sofio-
logia ar aris im epoqis centraluri problema, romelic
iwyeboda da romlis srulyofilad ganviTarebisTvisac isini
iRvwodnen. wminda sofiis sakiTxebs saeklesio mamebi, ZiriTa-
dad, mxolod im aucileblobis SemTxvevebSi exebodnen, roca
saWiro iyo swori saeklesio warmodgenebis dacva moZalebuli
eresisagan.
vfiqrobT, swored es iyo ZiriTadi mizezi imisa, rom sofi-
is gagebis problema Tavidanve idumalebis burusSi aRmoCnda
da qristianuli cnobierebis wina planze sakmaod mogvianebiT
gamovlinda.
pirveli saukuneebis saRvTismetyvelo sferoebSi naTlad
- 347 -
irekleba kidev erTi mniSvnelovani tendencia. ukve aRniSnuli
mizezebis gamo, erTi SexedviT, TiTqosda CrdilSia darCenili
iseTi mniSvnelovani problema, rogoricaa saRvTismetyvelo
dogmati yovladwmida RvTismSoblis Sesaxeb. mxolod efesos
msoflio saeklesio krebaze xerxdeba yovladwmida RvTismSob-
lis sruli aRiareba. am droisTvis qristianuli aRmsareblo-
bis WeSmariti saxiT damamkvidrebeli mamebis Zalisxmevis Sed-
egad umTavresi problema — qristes arsis sworad gansazRvra,
praqtikulad gadawyvetilia da amdenad ukve SesaZlebeli xde-
ba ufro Soreuli tendenciebis moniSvnac.
Semdgom saukuneebSi movlenebi ukve imgvarad viTardeba,
rom wminda sofiasa da yovladwmida RvTismSobelTan dakav-
Sirebuli saRvTismetyvelo suraT-xatebi TandaTan mWidrod
ukavSirdebian erTmaneTs. droTa ganmavlobaSi isic naTeli
xdeba, rom aRniSnuli tendencia erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli,
specifikuri gzebiT viTardeba ukve erTmaneTisgan gaTiSul
aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqristianoSi.
sazogadod aRiarebulia, rom sofiologiis umTavresi Tema
Zveli aRTqmiseuli sofiisa da axali aRTqmiseuli RvTismSob-
lis erTobliobaSi moazrebasTan dakavSirebiT Tavidanve aR-
mosavleT saqristianoSi viTardeba. im periodis dasavleTis
qristianuli kultura, am TvalsazrisiT, ZiriTadad mxolod
gamoxmaurebaa aRmosavleTidan momdinare impulsebisa.
marTalia, adreul Sua saukuneebSi ver vxvdebiT specia-
lur saRvTismetyvelo naSromebs sofiologiis sferoSi, mag-
ram saeklesio mxatvrobaSi ukve SeimCneva, rom sofiis arsis
gaazrebisas aqcentebi TandaTan gadadis masSi maradqaluri
RvTaebrivi sawyisis Wvretisken.
dasavleTSi sofiis amgvari saxiT gamosaxvis uZveles ni-
muSad iTvleba VI saukunis samxreT italiaSi (rosano) bibliis
xelnawerSi moTavsebuli miniatura. naxatze gamosaxulia qa-
lis figura, romelic karnaxobs markoz maxarebels, romelic
etratze saxarebas wers.
Zalze mravlismetyvelia hildenshaimis wminda miqaelis
eklesiaSi arsebuli miniatura, romelic XII saukuniT TariR-
deba. samefo tansacmelSi gamowyobil qalwuls — sofias, rome-
lic garemoculia axali aRTqmis mniSvnelovani warmomadgen-
lebiT, zeawvdili xelebiT TiTqosda Tasi uWiravs. miniaturis
kompozicia imgvaradaa agebuli, rom Tasis zemoT macxovaria
gamosaxuli. iqve moTavsebulia warwera, romelic iuwyeba so-
- 348 -
fias monawileobas samyaros SeqmnaSi (igavni solomonisa). am
miniaturaSi sofia gamosaxulia rogorc SemaerTebeli cisa da
miwisa. igi Tavis wiaRSi iRebs RvTaebriv sityvas da mas ka-
cobriobas gadascems. am TvalsazrisiT, wminda sofia aSkarad
RvTismSoblis atributebiTaa gamosaxuli.
parizis erovnul biblioTekaSi daculia daaxloebiT
VII-VIII saukuneebis aRmosavluri (siriuli) miniatura, sadac
samefo tansacmelSi gamowyobili sofia dgas cisfrad Semosi-
li RvTismSoblis marjvniv. RvTismSobels xelSi uWiravs meda-
lioni yrma iesos gamosaxulebiT. RvTismSoblis marcxniv dgas
mefe solomoni. sofias erT xelSi uWiravs jvari, xolo meo-
reSi — wigni. marcxena xelSi solomonsac wigni uWiravs.9
wminda sofiasTan dakavSirebiT sakmaod STambeWdavi su-
raT-xatebia mocemuli bingeneli naTelmxilveli qalis hil-
degardis xilvebSi. faqtobrivad, mis mier gadmocemuli su-
raT-xatebi zustad Seesabameba wminda sofiis Zvel aRTqmiseul
daxasiaTebas. amis garda am suraT-xatebSi sofia gamosaxulia
rogorc samefo tansacmliT Semosili qalwuli, rac ukve axa-
li drois warmodgenebs Seesabameba.
wminda sofiis problema kvlavac idumalebiT moculi rCe-
ba aRorZinebis xanaSic. dasavleT evropis xelovnebaSi mxolod
erTeul SemTxvevebSi Tu gakrTeba xolme sofiis suraT-xate-
bi.
dasavleT evropis sofiologiuri skolis mamamTavrad sa-
marTlianad iTvleba XVII saukunis cnobili moazrovne iakob
biome (1575-1624). wminda sofiasTan dakavSirebuli warmosax-
viTi suraT-xatebi, romlebic mis winamorbedTa SemoqmedebaSi
irekleboda, iakob biomem pirvelma daiyvana azrobriv forme-
bamde. amave dros, es iyo ara abstraqtuli azrebi da azrobrivi
modelebi, aramed piradi gamocdilebidan momdinare cocxali
gancdebi. iakob biomes sofiologiis erT-erT centralur xazs
warmoadgens is azri, rom RvTaebrivi sibrZne, anu sofia miwier
planSi RvTismSobelSi gamovlinda, ramac SesaZlebeli gaxada
aseve adamianur sxeulSi Tavad macxovari gankacebuliyo.
miuxedavad imisa, rom biomes sakmaod mravlad aRmoaCndnen
mimdevrebic, misma sofiologiurma Sexedulebebma mainc ver
poves farTo aRiareba. amis umTavresi mizezi ki is iyo, rom im-
droindel dasavlur azrovnebas sruliad sxva mimarTulebiT
miepyro mzera. axali drois racionaluri azrovnebis udides
monapovrebze dayrdnobiT mecnierebisa da teqnikis sul axal-
- 349 -
axali mimarTulebebi isxamdnen frTebs.
dasavlur samyaroSi ganviTarebuli kidev erTi nakadi,
romelic SedarebiT ufro dafaruli saxiT arsebobda da uaR-
resad Rrma mistikuri mimarTeba gaaCnda wminda sofiasTan, iyo
rozenkreiceruli moZraoba. marTalia, momavalSi kidev gaCnda
calkeuli werilobiTi wyaroebi rozenkreicerTa gamocdile-
bis Sesaxeb, magram maTi umTavresi sofiologiuri mimarTebebi,
ZiriTadad, mainc dafaruli darCa gareSe sazogadoebisTvis.
SemdgomSi RvTaebriv sofiasTan Sexvedris gancdebs
brwyinvale poetur formebSi gadmoscems adreuli germanuli
romantizmis udidesi warmomadgeneli novalisi (1772-1801).
novalisTanac kvlav wina planzea subieqturi gamocdileba,
adamianis pirovnuli mimarTeba RvTaebrivi sibrZnis qalur as-
peqtSi gamovlinebasTan, magram iseve, rogorc zemoT CamoT-
vlil sxva avtorebTan, am SemTxvevaSic Zalze Wirs rame konkre-
tuli warmodgenebis Camoyalibeba RvTaebrivi sofiis, rogorc
garkveuli sulieri arsebis Sesaxeb. maTi sulieri gancdebi
Znelad daiyvaneba konkretul azrebamde.
marTalia, dasavleT evropul azrovnebaSi iyo seriozuli
mcdelobebi sofiologiis safuZvlebis CamoyalibebisaTvis,
magram sofiologiuri problemebi gacilebiT ufro cocxali
da masStaburi saxiT iqna warmodgenili aRmosavleT saqris-
tianoSi. am TvalsazrisiT, dReisTvis umTavresad cnobilia
rusul marTlmadideblur samyaroSi arsebuli warmodgenebi,
romelTa uSualo gamoxatulebasac warmoadgenen, erTi mxriv,
sofiis SesaniSnavi taZrebi (kievis, novgorodis) da, meore
mxriv, mravalricxovani xatebi, romlebzedac uaRresad Rrma
sofiologiuri interpretaciebia mocemuli. Tavad sofi-
ologiis, rogorc moZRvrebis Camoyalibebis saqmeSic yvelaze
ufro seriozuli nabijebi swored ruseTSi gadaidga. am Tval-
sazrisiT, gamorCeul adgils ikavebs didi rusi moazrovne
vladimer soloviovi. mis mimdevarTa Soris ki gansakuTrebul
Sedegebs miaRwies rusuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis mameb-
ma pavle florenskim da sergei bulgakovma.
miuxedavad imisa, rom rusuli sofiologiuri skolis war-
matebebi sruliad TvalsaCinoa, unda aRiniSnos, rom sofiis
Sesaxeb moZRvrebas Tavad aRmosavleT saqristianoSive Zalze
Rrma safuZvlebi hqonda. faqtobrivad, rusuli sofiologi-
uri skolis mier moxda im saRvTismetyvelo warmodgenebis
egzoterizacia, romlebic, erTi mxriv, dafaruli moZRvrebis
- 350 -
saxiT arsebobda monastruli cxovrebis farglebSi da, meore
mxriv, sakulto msaxurebis saxiT farTod danergiliyo xalxur
religiur cnobierebaSi. gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
uZvelesi sofiologiuri warmodgenebis yvelaze ufro Rrma
kvals swored qarTuli eklesiis saTaveebisaken mivyavarT. mar-
Talia, saqarTvelos sasuliero wreebSi sofiologia, rogorc
termini, praqtikulad ar ixmareboda, magram samagierod mas-
Tan dakavSirebuli yvela warmodgena srulad iyo moculi im
religiur-mistikur gancdaSi, rac RvTismSobelTan iyo dakav-
Sirebuli. saqarTvelos religiur warmodgenebSi RvTismSob-
lis kultma mTlianad gadafara yovelgvari sofiologiuri
warmodgenebi.
§ 2. wminda sofiis Tanamedrove gageba
yvela im gamokvlevaSi, romelic sofiologiis sferoSi

arsebobs, erT-erTi urTulesi problemaa imis garkveva, war-
moadgens Tu ara sofia damoukidebel sulier arsebas, anu,
sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, gaaCnia Tu ara sofias pirovnuli xa-
siaTi.
umTavresi problema sofiis pirovnulobis aRiarebisa
imaSi mdgomareobda, rom am SemTxvevaSi aucilebeli xdeboda
misi adgilis garkveva zeciur ierarqiaTa sferoSi. Tu yura-
dRebiT gadavxedavT sxvadasxva epoqis moazrovneTa sulier
gancdebs sofiasTan dakavSirebiT, advilad SeimCneva, rom
sxvadasxva SemTxvevaSi zeciuri ierarqiis sruliad sxvadasxva
safexuria gamovlenili. zogjer saubaria sofiis im aspeqtze,
sadac RvTaebrivi sibrZnea warmoCenili da am SemTxvevaSi igi
warmogvidgeba rogorc ùflebaTa~ ierarqiis warmomadgeneli,
radgan swored ùflebaTa~ ierarqia ganasaxierebs sibrZnis su-
lebs. zogjer aSkarad ikveTeba sofiis Sesaqmeseuli aspeqtebi,
rogorc Sesaqmes aqtiuri monawile, ùflis gverdiT mdgomi
ostati~ da am gziT xelmwifebaTa, anu elohimTa ierarqiaze
mieniSneba. swored xelmwifebaTa ierarqia gansazRvravs formis
sulebs.
sxvadasxva sulier moRvaweTa mistikur gancdebSi sofiis
gamovlinebas vxvdebiT kidev ufro dabal ierarqiul safe-
xurebzedac, magaliTad, rogorc sawyisTa, anu drois sulebis,
anda mTavarangelozTa ierarqiis doneebzedac.
- 351 -
arcTu iSviaTia iseTi SemTxvevebic, rodesac Zveli drois
filosofosebi da mistikosebi sakuTar arsebaSi ganicdian
RvTaebrivi sibrZnis gamovlinebas. am SemTxvevaSi TiTqosda ra-
Rac RvTaebrivi arseba (sokrates SemTxvevaSi — keTili `demo-
ni~) adamianis meSveobiT vlindeba, adamianis eniT metyvelebs.
zemoT isic iyo naCvenebi, rom zogierT SemTxvevaSi so-
fia mravalsaxovnad warmoidgineboda. Tu Zvel sofiologiur
naazrevSi amgvar warmodgenebs ufro intuiciuri xasiaTi hqon-
da, axal epoqaSi ukve SesaZlebeli gaxda sofiis warmodgena
swored mravalwevrovani saxiT.10 ufro zustad, sofia moazre-
bul iqna rogorc Svidwevrovani arseba, rasac niSandoblivad
exmaureba rogorc Zveli aRTqmiseuli, aseve Semdgomi peri-
odis mravali mistikuri warmodgena.
rogorc solomoni iuwyeba, `sibrZneman iSena Tavisa Tvi-
sisa saxli, da queSe Seudgna mas Svidni suetni~.11
RvTaebrivi sibrZnis es Svidwevrovneba mravalgzis me-
ordeba Semdgomi epoqis sulier moRvaweTa warmodgenebSic.
sofiis yvela xatSi umTavresi aqcenti mudam am Tavisebureba-
zea gamaxvilebuli.
zeciuri cxra ierarqiidan krebiTi formiT warmodgenili
sofia moicavs qveda eqvs safexurs (uflebaTa, ZalTa, xel-
mwifebaTa, sawyisTa, mTavarangelozTa da angelozTa ierar-
qiebs). rogorc iTqva, am jgufis umaRlesi ierarqia, uflebaTa
ierarqia, ganasaxierebs sibrZnis sulebs, ramac gansazRvra
kidec sofiis warmodgena rogorc RvTaebrivi sibrZnis gamov-
lineba. miuxedavad sofiis mravalsaxovanebisa, mis dasaxeleba-
Si umTavresad swored es niSani warmoCndeba. igi xSirad pirda-
pir moixsenieba rogorc sibrZne.
sofiis meSvide wevri ganviTarebadi formiT warmoidgine-
ba adamianuri ierarqiis doneze. am niSniT sofia uaRresad
mWidrod ukavSirdeba adamianTa SemoqmedebiT moRvaweobas.
sofia mudam aRiqmeboda rogorc adamianuri samSvinvelebis
damakavSirebeli sulier ierarqiebTan — miwasa da zecas Soris
aRmarTuli cecxlovani sveti.
cxadia, sofiis warmodgena sxvadasxva ierarqiebisgan Sem-
dgari krebiTi saxiT Zalze rTul amocanas warmoadgens racio-
naluri azrovnebisken midrekili adamianisTvis. am SemTxvevaSi
SeiZleba paraleli gatardes iseT rTul dogmatur sakiTxTan,
rogoricaa samebis erTarsebad warmosaxva. rogorc samebis
hipostasebi erTmaneTTan Seurevlad qmnian samebis ganuyofel
- 352 -
erTarsebas, aseve sofiis Svidi ierarqiuli wevric, miuxedavad
imisa, rom yoveli maTgani warmoadgens damoukidebel ierar-
qiul arsebas, erTobliobaSi qmnis erTmaneTisgan ganuyoflad
dakavSirebul erTarss — wminda sofias.
s. prokofievma yuradReba gaamaxvila im Rrma mistikur
faqtze, rom sxvadasxva epoqaSi adamianTa warmodgenebSi sofia
aRiqmeboda qaluri sawyisis gamovlinebad. sofiis imaginaciur
gamosaxulebebSi igi umTavresad samefo tansacmelSi gamowyo-
bili qalis saxiTaa warmodgenili. magram Tu sofias zemoT
warmodgenili ierarqiuli saxiT moviazrebT, cxadia, mas ver
davukavSirebT veraviTar adamianur warmodgenas qalur, an ma-
makacur sqesTan dakavSirebiT. ierarqiul arsebebze pirdapiri
gagebiT ar SeiZleba gavrceldes amgvari adamianuri warmod-
genebi. miuxedavad amisa, aTaswleulebis manZilze mravali mis-
tikosis, winaswarmetyvelisa da brZenis sulieri gamocdileba
uCvenebs, rom sulier samyaroSi mainc arsebobs raRac, rac
adamianuri azrovnebisTvis Tavis gamovlinebaSi SeiZleba
garkveuli gagebiT aRiniSnos rogorc mamakacuri, an qaluri
sawyisi.12
zeciuri samyaros arsebebi uZvelesi droidan gaazre-
buli iyo ori erTmaneTisgan mkveTrad gansxvavebuli niSniT.
pirveli, es iyo is sulieri arsebebi, romlebic individualur
arsebebs warmoadgendnen da konkretulad gansazRvrul ierar-
qiul safexurs ganekuTvnebodnen. amgvar individualur arse-
bas warmoadgens yoveli calkeuli angelozi, mTavarangelozi
da a.S.
sulier arsebaTa meore saxeobas ganekuTvneba iseTi arse-
bebi, romlebic krebiTi saxiT moiazreba. isini warmoadgenen
ori, an meti ierarqiuli arsebis erTobliobas, romlebic cal-
calke, cxadia, sruliad damoukidebeli, individualuri ierar-
qiuli arsebebi arian, magram raime mizniT qmnian erTobliv
arsebas da amdenad adamianTa naTelxilvebSi krebiTi saxiT
warmodgebian. uZvelesi misteriebis enaze sulier arsebaTa
swored es ori saxeoba gamoisaxeboda, erTi mxriv, mamakacuri,
xolo, meore mxriv, qaluri sawyisis saxiT. sulieri arsebebi,
romlebic individualuri ierarqiuli saxiT vlindebodnen,
warmoidginebodnen rogorc mamakacuri sawyisis matarebelni,
xolo krebiTi saxiT warmodgenili sulieri arsebebi qaluri
sawyisiT aRiniSnebodnen.
mxolod am gagebiT SeiZleba sulier arsebebs mieniWoT ma-
- 353 -
makacuri, an qaluri sawyisi. swored am gziT SeiZleba sworad
iqnas gagebuli warsulis mravali sulieri moRvawis gancda,
roca isini RvTaebriv sofias warmoadgendnen rogorc RvTae-
briv qalwuls.
rac Seexeba wminda sofiis kosmosur aspeqts, misi Svidwev-
rovneba moazrebulia zodiaquri sistemis Sesabamis arealze.
rogorc uZvelesi warmodgenebidanac cnobilia, zodiaquri
wris yoveli monakveTi garkveulad Seesabameba sulieri ierar-
qiebis gamovlinebas. am TvalsazrisiT, wminda sofia moicavs
areals qalwulis zodiaqodan Tevzebis zodiaqos CaTvliT.
swored qalwulis zodiaqoSi vlindeba ùflebaTa~ ierarqiis,
anu sibrZnis sulebis moqmedeba.13
verZi Zis principi

xari suliwmidis principi
tyupebi serafimebi
kibo qerubimebi
lomi saydarni (taxtni)
1 qalwuli uflebani (sibrZnis sulebi)
2 saswori Zalni
3 morieli xelmwifebani (elohimebi)
sofia
{ 4 mSvildosani
5 Txis rqa
6 merwyuli
7 Tevzebi
sawyisni
mTavarangelozi
angelozi
adamiani (fizikuri sxeuli)
rogorc aRiniSna, RvTaebrivi sofia zeciur ierarqiul

wyobaSi moicavs qveda eqvs safexurs. meore mxriv, es eqvsi
safexuri warmoadgens ierarqiuli sistemis meore da mesame
jgufebs. am gradaciaSi pirvel jgufs Seadgens pirveli sami
ierarqia — serafimebi, qerubimebi, taxtni. meore jgufs —
uflebani, Zalni, xelmwifebani, xolo mesame jgufs — sawyis-
ni, mTavarangelozni da angelozni. am cxra ierarqiis zemoT
igulveba samebis samyaro, xolo qvemoT, ese igi angelozTa
ierarqiis qvemoT, adamianuri yofis safexuri.
warmodgenili gradaciis gaTvaliswinebiT Svidwevrian
sofias sruliad gansxvavebuli mimarTebebi aqvs, erTi mxriv,
Tavis umaRles wevrze (uflebaTa ierarqiaze) ufro zemoT
- 354 -
arsebul ierarqiebTan, xolo, meore mxriv, im ierarqiebTan,
romelTa warmomadgenlebsac Tavadac moicavs Tavis arsebaSi.
pirveli jgufis ierarqiebi (serafimebi, qerubimebi, taxtni)
misTvis erTgvar damakavSirebel safexurebs qmnian samebis sam-
yarosTan. maT mimarT sofias erTgvarad pasiuri gamtari pozi-
cia aqvs. igi `zemodan~ iRebs sulier impulsebs da TiTqosda
sarkiseburad aireklavs maT.
sruliad gansxvavebulia wminda sofias gamovlineba ufro
dabali safexuris ierarqiul arsebebTan mimarTebaSi. am Sem-
TxvevaSi igi mkveTrad aqtiuri, SemoqmedebiTi formiTaa ga-
movlenili.
sofiis es orgvari saxe naTladaa asaxuli solomonis weri-
lebSi. erT SemTxvevaSi solomoni axasiaTebs sofias rogorc
pasiur sawyiss — ìgia saukuno naTelis anarekli, uxinji sarke
RvTis qmedebisa da xati misi sikeTisa~.14
sxva adgilas ki sofia gvevlineba rogorc aqtiuri monawile
samyaros SeqmnaSi. `Tavidanve, qveynis dasabamidan~ uflis mier
dadgenili sibrZne uSualod misi TanaSemwea samyaros SeqmnaSi
(`maSin me gverdiT vyavdi, rogorc ostati, dReniadag sixaruli
viyavi da yovel Jams mis winaSe vlaRobdi, vlaRobdi samyaroSi
mis miwaze da adamis modgmaSi iyo Cemi sixaruli”15).
sofiis amgvari mravalsaxovani gamovlineba iyo imis mi-
zezi, rom sxvadasxva moRvaweTa naazrevSi igi xSirad aRreulia
xan RvTaebriv logosTan da xanac suliwmidasTan.
rodesac wminda werilSi saubaria suliwmidis im aspeqte-
bze, romlebic sofiis gamovlinebiT irekleba, cxadia, didia
imis SesaZlebloba, rom isini gaigivebul iqnas. magaliTad,
imis gamo, rom suliwmidis Svid niWTagan erT-erTs sibrZnec
warmoadgens, zogierTi moazrovne swored suliwmidis Svid-
wevrovnebaSi aTavsebda sofias da mas suliwmidis erT-erT ni-
Wad miiCnevda. xSir SemTxvevaSi, roca saubaria sofiis aqtiur
SemoqmedebiT gamovlinebaze da mis monawileobaze samyaros
Seqmnis procesSi, misi funqciebi Zalze waagavda RvTaebrivi
logosis funqciebs. ramdenadac samyaro moiazreba rogorc
mamisagan Zis meSveobiT Seqmnili, aseve am SemTxvevaSic di-
dia imis SesaZlebloba, rom sofia RvTaebriv logosTan iqnas
gaigivebuli.
amis garda, ierarqiuli ganfenilobiTac sofia swored im
ierarqiul safexurebs moicavs, romel ierarqiebSic yvelaze
ufro aqtiurad vlindeba logosisa da suliwmidis moqmedeba.
- 355 -
meore da mesame jgufis ierarqiebi swored warmoadgenen im
sulier areals, sadac Sesabamisad RvTaebrivi logosisa da
suliwmidis aqtiurad gamovlenaa asaxuli. am ierarqiebis es
funqciac garkveulad waagavs sazogadod sofiis arekvliT
funqciebs. rodesac saubaria imaze, rom angelozebi, an mTa-
varangelozebi vlindebian rogorc suliwmidis megzurebi, misi
mauwyeblebi, cxadia, Znelia garkveva, ra movlenasTan gvaqvs
saqme, sofiis mier suliwmidis àrekvlasTan~, Tu calkeuli
ierarqiuli arsebis damoukidebel funqciebTan.
rodesac axal aRTqmaSi saubaria iseTi grandiozuli mov-
lenis Sesaxeb, rasac mokled `Soba~ ewodeba, cxadia, igulisxme-
ba sruliad konkretuli istoriuli faqti — samebis erT-erTi
hipostasis, Ze-RmerTis, anu RvTaebrivi logosis gansxeuleba
adamianur sxeulSi. samyaros istoriaSi es aris erTaderTi
(erTjeradi) movlena. bunebrivia, palestinaSi ganxorcielebu-
li Sobis misteria yvelaze ufro sruli da naTeli saxiT axal
aRTqmaSia mocemuli, radgan maxareblebi swored im epoqisa da
movlenebis warmomadgenlebi arian da amdenad uSualo pirvel-
wyarodan iuwyebian macxovris gankacebis udidesi saidumlos
Sesaxeb. miuxedavad amisa, sruliad aRiarebulia is faqtic,
rom, martivad rom vTqvaT, macxovris gankaceba kacobriobisT-
vis sulac ar warmoadgenda moulodnel faqts. piriqiT, sxva-
dasxva xalxis misteriul cxovrebaSi aTaswleulebis manZilze
arsebobda `Sobis~ molodini. amave dros uZveles misterie-
bSi Soba ganixileboda rogorc ara mxolod erTjeradi aqti,
romelic SemdgomSi palestinaSi aResrula, aramed xangrZlivi
kosmosuri procesi. sxvadasxva epoqebis warmmarTveli xel-
dasxmulebi TavianTi misteriuli yofis safexurebidan aTas-
wleulebis manZilze Wvretdnen im grandiozul sulier pro-
cesebs, romlebic dakavSirebuli iyo uzenaesi sulieri arse-
bis, RvTaebrivi logosis TandaTanobiTi daSvebis procesTan
samebis samyarodan adamianur yofamde.
sakacobrio mexsierebam misteriul enaze Semoinaxa is uZve-
lesi gancda, rac dakavSirebuli iyo RvTaebrivi logosis Se-
mosvlasTan zodiaqur samyaroSi. faqtobrivad es movlena moi-
azreba rogorc Ze-RmerTis Semosvla zeierarqiuli, anu samebis
sauflodan Seqmnil, ierarqiul kosmosSi, ese igi, RvTaebrivi
logosi zodiaquri samyaros gare sferodan gancxadebuli,
ganxorcielebuli kosmosis doneze daeSva. qristes es winare
istoriuli `Soba~ zodiaqur samyaroSi suliwmidis sferodan,
- 356 -
anu suliwmidis meSveobiT ganxorcielda. jer kidev uZvelesi
misteriuli warmodgeniT qristes es preistoriuli `Soba~ ver-
Zis zodiaqoSi ganxorcielda. ese igi, verZis zodiaqo warmoad-
gens cis im kars, romlidanac zodiaqur wreSi qriste Semovida.
mniSvnelovania, rom golgoTis movlenisas mze swored verZis
zodiaqoSi imyofeboda, rac imas niSnavs, rom fizikurad xi-
luli mze gazafxulis buniobisas verZis zodiaqoSi amodioda.
erTi mxriv, qristes preistoriuli Sobis da, meore mxriv, misi
fizikur adamianSi dabadebis es saidumlo SesaniSnavad airek-
la qarTul metyvelebaSi. gamTeniisas mzis amosvlis periods
qarTulad swored ciskari (cis kari) ewodeba. qristes (sulieri
mzis) miwieri moRvaweobis epoqaSi, anu astrologiurad verZis
epoqaSi, gazafxulis buniobisas mzis amosvla ciskarze swored
cis karSi, anu verZis zodiaqoSi ixilveboda. cxadia, arc isaa
SemTxveviTi, rom qristes sinonimad Zalze xSirad `kravi~ moix-
senieba, xolo zogjer `mwyemsi keTili~.
macxovris es `kosmosuri Soba~ yvelaze ufro naTlad var-
skvlavuri damwerlobis enaze vlindeba. am kosmosur sura-
Tze zodiaquri wre imgvaradaa warmodgenili, rom yovel zo-
diaqur ares calkeuli zeciuri ierarqiis gansakuTrebulad
aqtiuri gamovlineba Seesabameba. verZis zodiaqo, anu verZis
kari swored is zodiaquri area, sadac yvelaze ufro srulad
vlindeba Zis principi. Semdgomi are — xaris zodiaqo, uZve-
lesi droidan kosmosuri sulis, anu suliwmidis principTan
iyo dakavSirebuli.
tyupebis zodiaqodan ukve iwyeba cxra zeciuri ierarqiis
gamovlineba. es zodiaqo serafimTa ierarqias Seesabameba da
aqedan moyolebuli merwyulis zodiaqos CaTvliT moiniSneba
is cxra zodiaquri are, romlebsac serafimebidan angeloze-
bamde arsebuli ierarqiuli wyoba Seesabameba. meTormete, anu
Tevzebis zodiaqo ukve mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli adamianuri
arsebis gamovlinebasTan. mTel ierarqiul wyobaSi mxolod
adamians aqvs fizikuri sxeuli. igi misi arsebis yvelaze ufro
dabali Semadgeneli nawilia da swored fizikuri sxeulis su-
lier arss ukavSirdeba Tevzebis zodiaqo.16
qristes Semosvla ganxorcielebul kosmosSi da misi Sem-
dgomi daSveba mTeli zodiaquri wris gavliT, anu verZis zo-
diaqodan Tevzis zodiaqomde, gasagebi iqneba, Tu gaviTva-
liswinebT sxvadasxva kosmosur sferoze ierarqiebis moqmede-
bis gavrcelebis Semdeg klasifikacias:17
- 357 -
uZrav varskvlavTa sferoze uSualod moqmedeben umaR-
lesi ierarqiebi serafimebidan uflebaTa ierarqiis (sibrZnis
sulebis) CaTvliT. planetur sferoze ierarqiebi vlindebian
serafimebidan xelmwifebaTa ierarqiis CaTvliT, xolo mTva-
ris sferoze — serafimebidan mTavarangelozebamde. am klas-
ifikaciaSi gansakuTrebuli mdgomareoba ukavia mzes, romel-
sac aqvs orgvari aspeqti: varskvlavuri da planeturi. varskv-
lavur casTan mimarTebaSi mzec erT-erTi varskvlavia, xolo
roca ganixileba planeturi samyaro, sxva danarCen planetebT-
an erTad, isic planetad ganixileba. ase rom, roca saubar-
ia ierarqiul areze serafimebidan uflebaTa ierarqiamde,
am SemTxvevaSi zemoqmedebis am arealSi eqceva mzis mxolod
varskvlavuri aspeqti, xolo Semdgomi ierarqiebi (Zalni, xel-
mwifebani) gansazRvraven mzis planetur xasiaTs.
amjerad SeiZleba warmovidginoT uzenaesi sulis, qristes
TandaTanobiTi daSvebis procesi mocemuli sqemis mixedviT
moniSnul ierarqiul kibeze.
rogorc aRvniSneT, mamis samyarodan Seqmnil kosmosSi
qriste Semodis verZis karidan da es Soba ganxorcielebulia
suliwmidis meSveobiT. pirveli oTxi zodiaqos (verZi, xari,
tyupebi, kibo) gavla dakavSirebulia wmindad varskvlavur
samyarosTan da mxolod qalwulis zodiaqoSi xdeba Zis im-
pulsis gamovlineba mzis varskvlavur aspeqtSi. sxvanairad
rom vTqvaT, qalwulis zodiaqos kariT qriste mzis sferoSi
Semodis. ramdenadac uZvelesi indoeli riSebis sulieri xe-
dva swored am sferos moicavda, qristes manamdeli gamovline-
ba, anu varskvlavuri sferos gavla, maT enaze gamoisaxeboda
rogorc uzenaesi sulis viSva-karmanis myofoba maTi aRqmis
sferos miRma. mxolod Semdgom kulturul epoqaSi — uZveles
sparsul kulturaSi, aRqma mzis sferoSi xdeba. am kulturis
fuZemdebeli zaratustra aura-mazdaus samyofels swored
mzisken miuTiTebs. qalwulis zodiaqos gavliT, anu ierar-
qiulad uflebaTa ierarqiis kariT mzis sistemaSi gamovle-
nili uzenaesi suli zaratustras moZRvrebaSi aura-mazdaus
saxeliT iwodeba. is, rom zaratustras mimdevrebi mzis suls
scemen Tayvans, am movlenis Zalze gamartivebuli gagebaa. faq-
tobrivad, es aris im uZveles epoqaSi (Zv. w. V-VI aTaswleuli)
grandiozuli kosmosuri movlenis sulieri Wvreta. magram mas
Semdeg, roca qristes impulsi kidev ufro uaxlovdeba dedami-
was, cxadia, zaratustras moZRvreba ukve moZvelebul warmod-
- 358 -
genebs gamosaxavs da amdenad ukve atavistur xasiaTs atarebs.
SemdgomSi qristes arseba morielis, anu arwivis zodiaqoSi
(xelmwifebaTa ierarqiis karidan) ukve planetur safexuramde
eSveba. xolo kidev ufro mogvianebiT Txis rqis zodiaqodan
(mTavarangelozTa ierarqia) misi moqmedeba ukve mTvaris sfe-
roSi aRiqmeba.
uzenaesi kosmosuri sulis dedamiwasTan amgvari miaxloeba
ukve intensiurad aRiqmeba dedamiwis garemomcvel samyaroSic,
kerZod, igi misteriuli Wvretis doneze ukve bunebis stiqi-
ebSic ki vlindeba. sakacobrio ganviTarebis am etapze qristes
arsebas sxvadasxva xalxi sxvadasxva saxiT aRiqvams: magaliTad,
egviptelebs igi ganecxadebaT rogorc ozirisi, mcire aziaSi
— adonisi, saberZneTSi — apoloni, sparseTSi — miTra, Crdilo
evropeli xalxisTvis miwier stiqiebSi gamovlenili qristes
arseba balduris saxeliT iwodeba. imave arsebas ebraelTa
sulieri winamZRoli mose sinas mTis cecxlovan mayvalSi `me
var~-is saxeliT Seicnobs. mTeli am periodis manZilze qristes
arseba ukve Zalze axloa miwier samyarosTan.
mamis samyarodan qristes daSvebis mTeli es kosmosuri
gza mTlianobaSi moiazreba rogorc grandiozuli kosmosuri
msxverplSewirva, romelic bolos ukve adamianuri arsebis
doneze ganxorcielebuli msxverplSewirviT mTavrdeba. pales-
tinaSi uzenaesi kosmosuri suli ukve miwier adamianSi vlin-
deba. varskvlavuri damwerlobis enaze es movlena aRiniSneba,
rogorc qristes adamianur arsebaSi Semosvla, romelic Tev-
zebis zodiaqos kariT ganxorcielda. swored amitomac qristes
mowafeebi, ZiriTadad, meTevzeebi arian. isini arian adamianebi,
romlebic eZeben Tevzs, anu ziarebas Tevzis kariT adamianTa
yofaSi Semosul ufalTan. macxovris erT-erT uZveles sino-
nimsac swored Tevzi warmoadgens.
Tevzis saidumlosTan dakavSirebuli warmodgenebi Sem-
dgom saukuneebSic mravalgzis mJRavndebian. magaliTad, graa-
lis misteriebSi graalis mcveli moixsenieba rogorc meTev-
zeTa mefe. Tevzis simbolo xSirad gvxvdeba qristemdel re-
ligiur warmodgenebSic. mahabharatas mixedviT, manu cnobas
warRvnis Sesaxeb swored Tevzisgan iRebs. gilgameSis eposSic
enqidu `Tevzis Zed~ iwodeba.18
rogorc vxedavT, Sobis misteriam, romelic xangrZliv wi-
nareistoriul procesTanaa dakavSirebuli, Tavisi kulminaci-
uri dasasruli palestinaSi pova. macxovris Soba am grandio-
- 359 -
zuli kosmosuri msxverplSewirvis saboloo Sedegia.
rogorc vxedavT, qristes gankacebas xangrZlivi kosmo-
suri procesi uZRoda win. es kosmosuri `Soba~ garkveuli
mniSvnelobebis calkeuli etapebisgan Sedgeboda. RvTaebrivi
logosi mamis sauflodan adamianuri yofisaken ierarqiuli
safexurebis meSveobiT eSveboda. marTalia, kosmosuri Sobis
am procesSi yoveli safexuris gavlas sruliad gansxvavebuli
funqcia ekisreboda, magram maT Soris sami ciuri karis gavla
mainc gansakuTrebulad gamorCeuli mniSvnelobiT SeiZleba
aRiniSnos: pirveli, es aris suliwmidis meSveobiT verZis cis
kariT RvTaebrivi logosis Semosvla mamis sauflodan zodi-
aqur samyaroSi. mas Semdeg, rac igi gaivlis varskvlavur ares
verZis zodiaqodan qalwulis zodiaqomde, fiqsirdeba kidev
erTi grandiozuli kosmosuri Soba. qriste Tavisi arsiT mzis
varskvlavur aspeqts ukavSirdeba. qriste ukve mzis sistemaSi
ganicdeba. qristes Semosvla mzis sistemaSi ganxorcielda qal-
wulis zodiaqoSi, anu im zodiaqur arealSi, romelic sibrZnis
sulebs (uflebaTa ierarqias) ukavSirdeba. es movlena miste-
riul enaze aRiniSna rogorc RvTaebrivi logosis Soba qalwu-
lis mier, xolo ramdenadac uflebaTa ierarqia, anu sibrZnis
sulebi warmoadgenen Svidwevrovnad warmodgenili RvTaebrivi
sofiis umaRles wevrs, aseve marTebulia warmodgena imisa, rom
RvTaebrivi logosi qalwul sofias mier iSva.
qalwulis karis gavlis Semdeg RvTaebrivi logosi ukve
mTlianad sofiis sferoSi agrZelebs daSvebas, vidre pales-
tinaSi ar aResruleba kosmosuri Sobis damamTavrebeli aqti
— macxovris gankaceba. am TvalsazrisiT, RvTaebrivi sofia
gvevlineba rogorc SemaerTebeli xidi maRal ierarqiul (var-
skvlavur) samyarosa da adamianur ierarqias Soris. sofiis meS-
vide, anu yvelaze dabali wevri xom swored adamianur ierar-
qiaSi vlindeba.
imisTvis, rom ganxorcieldes iseTi grandiozuli movle-
na, rogoricaa macxovris gankaceba, aucilebeli xdeba mas win
uswrebdes iseTi kosmosuri movlena, rogoricaa Tavad sofiis
gamovlena adamianur arsebaSi. sofiisgan RvTaebrivi logosis
Soba, rac manamde mxolod ierarqiul safexurze vlindeboda,
amjerad ukve fizikur planSi, adamianuri yofis safexurze
aResrula — RvTaebrivi sofia RvTismSobelSi gamovlinda.
RvTismSoblisagan qristes qalwulebrivi Sobac swored miwi-
eri anareklia zemoT aRniSnuli kosmosuri Sobisa — qalwulis
- 360 -
zodiaqoSi sofiis kariT qristes dabadebisa mzis samyaroSi.
zogierT religiur warmodgenaSi qristes moazreba mzis su-
lad, anda misi simboluri warmodgena mziuri suraT-xatiT
swored am mziuri Sobis gamoxmaurebaa.
rac Seexeba RvTismSoblisagan macxovris mucladRebas,
romelic suliwmidis meSveobiT ganxorcielda, es movlenac
swored miwieri gamoxatulebaa im Soreuli kosmosuri Sobisa,
roca verZis zodiaqoSi suliwmidis meSveobiT moxda RvTa-
ebrivi logosis Semosvla Seqmnil samyaroSi, anu zodiaqur
sivrceSi.
ase rom, qristes kosmosuri Sobis procesSi SeiZleba
swored aRniSnuli sami saetapo movlena gamoiyos xazgasmu-
lad:
1. verZis kariT — suliwmidis meSveobiT qristes Soba var-
skvlavur samyaroSi.
2. qalwulis kariT — qalwul sofias meSveobiT qristes
Soba mziur samyaroSi.
3. Tevzebis kariT — adamianSi gamovlenili sofiis, anu
RvTismSoblis mier qristes qalwulebrivi Soba miwier
samyaroSi.
qristes kosmosuri Sobis araswor gagebas saukuneTa man-
Zilze ukavSirdeboda sxvadasxva saxis gaugebrobebi. xSirad
erTmaneTSi iyo aRreuli Sobis ierarqiuli saxesxvaobebi,
rasac Sedegad zogjer suliwmidisa da sofiis, zogjer ki su-
liwmidisa da RvTismSoblis gaigiveba mosdevda. aqedan gamom-
dinare ki suliwmida calsaxad qaluri sawyisis gamovlinebad
moiazreboda, rac, cxadia, aseve arazusti warmodgenaa.
§ 3. sveticxoveli sofiis taZaria
yovelive zemoT Tqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT, amjerad gvinda

yuradReba mivapyroT cocxali svetis misteriis im centralur
sakiTxebs, romlebic uaRresad mWidrod arian dakavSirebuli
sofiologiur problemebTan.
sruliad gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom rogorc
aRmosavleT, aseve dasavleT saqristianoSi Znelad moipov-
- 361 -
eba imgvari gamomsaxvelobiTi Zegli, romelic sofiologiis
ufro Rrma sulier Sreebs exebodes, vidre amas mcxeTis sveti-
cxovlis taZris simbolikasa da masTan dakavSirebul werilo-
biT wyaroebSi vxvdebiT. am SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba rogorc
IV saukuneSi wminda ninos mier agebuli pirveli taZari, aseve
XI saukuneSi arsukiZis mier agebuli mesame sveticxoveli. rac
Seexeba imave adgilas V saukunis bolos gorgaslis mier aR-
marTul meore taZars, masalis ukmarisobisa da arsebulis
Seuswavlelobis gamo masze ver SevCerdebiT. werilobiT Zeg-
lebs Soris, cxadia, umTavresi mniSvneloba kvlav `qarTlis
moqcevas~ unda mieniWos. aseve mniSvnelovania yvela is weri-
lobiTi Zeglic, romlebic mis safuZvelze mogvianebiT Seiqm-
na.
vfiqrobT, sveticxovlis sofiologiur arsSi garkveva
sruliad warmoudgenelia iseTi saetapo Txzulebis gareSe,
rogoricaa qarTlis kaTalikos-patriarq nikoloz I-is mier XII
saukuneSi Sedgenili `sakiTxavi suetis cxovelisa, kuarTisa
saufloisa da kaTolike eklesiisa~. drois ukuRmarTobis gamo
Zvel qarTul werilobiT ZeglTagan igi erT-erTi yvelaze
ufro Seuswavlelia.
1908 wels mRvdel vasil karbelaSvilis redaqtorobiT
moxerxda am Txzulebis sruli saxiT gamocema. gamocemisadmi
darTul winasityvaobaSi vasil karbelaSvili did mowiwebas
gamoxatavs am Txzulebisadmi:
`wignis Rirsebazed da mis maRal diad mniSvnelobazed
Cven veras vityviT, amitom rom, sadac mze mnaTobs, iq sinaTle
sanTlisa daSrtebis; sadac amosduRs wyaro cxovrebisa, iq
mwyurvalebas adgili ar unda hqondes. avqsonis maRali mWevr-
metyveleba, romliTac ganmsWvalulia es Sroma, misi cxoveli
sarwmunoeba da Tval Seuwvdeneli saTnoeba, misi filosofo-
suri Sexeduleba am saganzed, Tavsmdebia am nawarmoebis sidi-
adisa, didebulis `svetis cxovelis~ Sesaxeb da Cueni msjeloba
umetes veras ityvis.~19
redaqtori imis gamoc didad wuxs, rom es naSromi sruli-
ad Seuswavlelia axal epoqaSi. igi SeniSnavs:
`codod unda Seeracxos awindels Cuens samRudeloebas,
mometebuli nawili romlisa gatacebulia `Cin-ordenTa~ Zie-
biT, da sakuTaris gandidebis da qebis miswrafebiTa, da es
mSuenieri saRuTismetyuelo mwerloba, romelic Seuswavle-
lia maTgan, ecema da eZleva daviwyebasa! bevri maTgani raRa-
- 362 -
cas Sromobs, bWobs, buzs daawvens da aqlems aSobinebs. yvelas
dascinis, hgmobs da aRaras erideba. dro aris qarTvelobam
yuradReba miaqcios am daukiTxav mamaTa èna sibrZneobasa~ da
maT `gonebis uflobasa~, Savs Savi uwodos da TeTrs TeTri;
TviTeuli sagani racxos xolme sakuTaris saxelwodebiT.~
vasil karbelaSvilis am mowodebas TiTqosda male gamoex-
maura mecnieruli azric, roca `sveticxovlis sakiTxavs~ ivane
javaxiSvilma miapyro yuradReba da calke gamokvlevac miuZ-
Rvna mas. samwuxarod, mecnierul azrTan es Sexvedra sruli
gaugebrobiT dasrulda. Tumca ivane javaxiSvilmac aRniSna
nikoloz I kaTalikos-patriarqis maRali mWevrmetyveleba da
Rrma filosofiuri azrovnebis unari, magram mecnieris Ziri-
Tadi daskvna mainc paradoqsulad JRers — rusTvelisa da
Tamar mefis Tanamedrove didi saeklesio moRvawis naSromi
amgvarad iqna Sefasebuli:
`swored samwuxaroa, rom aseTi didi codna-dakvirveba
da niWi nikoloz kz~ma aseTs, Cvenis Tanamedrove azriT, um-
niSvnelo da uferuls ambebs Sealia, rogoric sveticxovlis
sakiTxavia.~20
vfiqrobT, saxelganTqmuli swavlulis mier gamoTqmuli
es sinanuli, Tavis mxriv, mogvevlina bedis ironiad. is, rac
mRvdelma v. karbelaSvilma guliTa da cxoveli rwmeniT ganica-
da, sruliad SeuRwevadi aRmoCnda mkvlevris civi gonebisTvis.
rogorc cnobilia, nikoloz I-is qarTlis kaTalikos-patri-
arqad kurTxeva 1149 wels unda momxdariyo. 1160 wels man Tvi-
Tonve àRiZarcva~ patriarqobis Rirseba da ierusalimSi gaem-
gzavra. 1184 wels Tamar mefem igi kvlav saqarTveloSi moixmo.
`sveticxovlis sakiTxavis~ daweris mizezs Tavadve gvauwyebs av-
tori. es sakiTxavi gankuTvnilia `Semkobad dResaswaulsa wmidi-
sa kaTolike eklesiisa da . . . cxovelisa suetisa~.
`sakiTxavis~ dasawyisSi avtori Zveli aRTqmis swored im
fragmentebisken miapyrobs yuradRebas, romlebic qristianu-
li sofiologiis qvakuTxeds warmoadgens.
kaTalikos-patriarq nikoloz I-is `sveticxovlis sakiTxa-
vi~ Semdegi uwyebiT iwyeba:
`da aRiZrnes Zeni israelisani, suqoTiT da daibanakes
aToms, udabnosa mas Tana, xolo uZRoda maT dRisi, suetiTa
miT RrublisTa, da uCvenebda maT gzasa da Rame suetiTa cec-
xlisaTa da ara moaklda maT sueti igi Rrublisa dRisi, da
sueti igi cecxlisa Rame winaSe yovlisa erisa.~21
- 363 -
rogorc Semdeg nikoloz kaTalikosis sakiTxavSi mraval-
gzis mieniSneba, swored es cecxlovan-Rrublovani sveti,
romelic jer kidev israelTa egviptidan gamosvlaSi ase aq-
tiurad monawileobda, mcxeTis sveticxovlis winasaxes war-
moadgens.
Semdegi sakiTxavi (`mefeTa sakiTxavi~) Semoifargleba im
uwyebiT, rom solomonma RvTis saxli aaSena ierusalimSi:
`da dga solomon piris pir sakurTxevlisa uflisa winaSe
yovlisa mis krebulisa israelisa. aRipyrna xelni Tvisni ze-
cad, Tqva: ufalo RmerTo israelisao ara vin ars RmerTi Sen-
ebr caTa Sina da queyanasa zeda. da ukeTu cani da cani caTani
ver SemZlebel arn Senda viTar saxli ese romeli me aRvaSene
saxelisaTvis Senisa wmidisa, iyos sayofelad Senda.~22
rogorc vxedavT, mas Semdeg, rac avtorma mcxeTis sve-
ticxovlis winasaxe moiniSna, solomonis taZris mSeneblobis
aRweraze gadadis, romelic sulieri TvalsazrisiT, aseve wi-
nasaxea mcxeTis sveticxovlis taZrisa.
aRniSnul fragments pirdapir mosdevs wminda sofiis Svid-
wevrovnad warmodgenis solomoniseuli gageba:
`sibrZneman iSena Tavisa Tvisisa saxli da queSe Seudgna mas
Svidni suetni~.
am gziT ierusalimSi solomonis mier agebuli uflis sax-
li moiazreba rogorc Svidwevrovani sofiis taZari.
iqve nikoloz kaTalikosi warmodgenili simboloebis Rrma
sulier kavSirs petre mociqulis avtoritetiT ganamtkicebs
da ixsenebs fragments misi werilidan:
àmas mivwer Tqvenda da vesav adre moslvasa Cemsa. xolo
ukeTu vyovno, raTa uwyodi viTar igi jer ars saxlsa Sina
RvTisasa svlaY. romel ars eklesia RmrTisa, cxovelisa sue-
ti da simtkice WeSmaritebisa da aRsarebelad da ars RmrTis
msaxurebisa igi saidumloY: RmerTi gamoCnda xorciTa da gan-
marTlda suliTa, eCuena angelozTa, iqadaga warmarTTa Soris,
hrwmena sofelsa da amaRlda didebiTa: ara mnebavs umecreba
Tqueni: Zmano, rameTu mamani Cuenni yovelni Rrubelsa queSe
iyvnes da yovelni zRuasa ganxdes da yovelTa moses mier na-
Tel iRes RrubelTa miT da zRviTa da yovelTa igive saz-
rdeli sulieri Wames . . . “23
teqstis Semdgomi nawilic imave suliskveTebiT grZeldeba
da Zveli da axali aRTqmis wminda werilebidan moyvanilia is
ZiriTadi fragmentebi, romlebic wminda sofiis daxasiaTebas
- 364 -
exebian. mxolod amis Semdeg `sveticxovlis sakiTxavi~ gad-
mogvcems im saRvTismetyvelo koncefcias, romelic mcxeTis
sveticxovlis sulieri arsis warmodgenas isaxavs miznad.
nikoloz I Tavisi sakiTxavis istoriuli nawilis Txrobi-
sas mTlianad `qarTlis cxovrebisa~ da `qarTlis moqcevis~
teqstebs eyrdnoba da amas sagangebodac miuTiTebs. sveti-
cxovlis istorias mxolod im saswaulebs umatebs, romlebic
am teqstebis daweris Semdeg moxda da maTSi aRuwereli darCa.
marTalia, am TxrobaTa fonze avtori bevr iseT sakiTxsac
exeba, romlebic amave dros saRvTismetyvelo da filosofi-
ur problematikasac ukavSirdeba, magram amjerad Cven yvela
maTganze ver gavamaxvilebT yuradRebas. ufro metad gvinda
SevexoT `sveticxovlis sakiTxavis~ im nawils, romelic, faq-
tobrivad, ganacxadebs cocxal svetTan, uflis kvarTTan da
kaTolike eklesiasTan dakavSirebul sulier aspeqtebs.
nikoloz kaTalikosi uaRresad rTul saRvTismetyvelo
Temas exeba da cocxali svetis winare istorias gadmogvcems.
am Temis arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom mcxeTaSi saswaulebrivad
aRmarTuli sveti aris igive is sveti, romelic ebrael ers
uZRoda udabnoSi da ormoci wlis ganmavlobaSi ùcdomelad
avlinebda~.
Zveli aRTqmac iuwyeba, rom es sveti RamiT cecxlovani
saxiT ecxadeboda ebraelT da gzas unaTebda, xolo dRisiT
Rrublis svetad evlineboda da udabnos mcxunvare mzisgan
iCrdilavda. kidev ufro mniSvnelovani ki isaa, rom ufali
swored am svetis meSveobiT ecxadeboda moses.
nikoloz kaTalikosi cocxali svetis arss, uSualod
samebis erT-erT hipostass — suliwmidas ukavSirebs da SeniS-
navs, rom igive sveti monawileobda rogorc macxovris ior-
daneze naTlobisas, aseve misi feriscvalebisas Taboris mTaze.
nikoloz kaTalikosis saRvTismetyvelo koncefcia arc amiT
amoiwureba da gveuwyeba, rom igive sveti amave dros yovlad-
wmida RvTismSoblis `msaxebelicaa~.
es urTulesi saRvTismetyvelo problematika `sveti-
cxovlis sakiTxavis~ erT-erT fragmentSi Zalze lakoniuradaa
Camoyalibebuli:
`gixaroden, sueto Tana mzraxvelo da mesaidumleo didisa
RuTis-metyuelisa moseso! gixaroden, winamZRuaro da Tana mog-
zauro israelTao. gixaroden, axlisa sjulisa momaswavebelo,
Tabors da iordanes msaxur qmnilo Zisa RuTisao! gixaroden,
- 365 -
naTelo naTlisa mwamebelo Zed sayuarelad! gixaroden, mamaTa
moRuaweTa udabnoisaTa da wmidaTa moRuaweTa sasoebao, Jamad
Jamad saxilavo brwyinvaleo! gixaroden, mzeebrTa oqrois sa-
xeTa SuqTa gulsa morwmuneTasa isrebr msrolelo! gixaroden,
sions mociqulTa zeda aTormet nawilad, enad cecxlisad gar-
damoelvebulo! gixaroden, ufroisad yovlad wmidisa RuTis
mSobelisa msaxebelo~.24
rogorc vxedavT, sveticxovlis amgvari daxasiaTeba su-
lieri TvalsazrisiT ganuzomlad farTo masStabebs moicavs.
pirdapir mieniSneba, rom igi suliwmidis gancxadebaa. cxadia,
`sions mociqulTa zeda aTormet nawilad, enad cecxlisad
gardmoelvebuli~ swored samebis mesame hipostasi — suliwmi-
daa. sveticxovlis amgvar moazrebas uSualod mosdevs kidev
erTi saRvTismetyvelo sakiTxi, roca igive sveticxoveli yov-
ladwmida RvTismSobels ukavSirdeba — `gixaroden, ufroisad
yovlad wmidisa RuTis mSobelisa msaxebelo!~ ese igi sveti-
cxoveli, erTi mxriv, suliwmidis, xolo, meore mxriv, RvTis-
mSoblis `msaxebelia~.
rogorc cnobilia, suliwmidisa da RvTismSoblis urT-
ierTmimarTebis moazreba saidumlo RvTismetyvelebis erT-
erTi centraluri sakiTxia. samebis sami hipostasidan swored
suliwmida Seicavs RvTaebis maradqalur sawyiss. Tu RmerT-
mamakacebrivi aspeqtis gansxeuleba uSualod ieso qristeSi
ganxorcielda, RvTaebis maradqaluri aspeqtis miwieri gamov-
lineba swored RvTismSobelSi moxda. ase rom, nikoloz I-is
mier warmodgenili saRvTismetyvelo koncefciis mixedviT,
mcxeTis sveticxoveli gamosaxavs RvTaebis maradqaluri saw-
yisis orive gamovlinebas — erTi mxriv, suliwmidas, rogorc
samebis erT-erT hipostass, da, meore mxriv, RvTismSobels.
nikoloz I sveticxovlisa da RvTismSoblis sakiTxs ram-
denime kuTxiT warmoaCens. igi pirdapir mianiSnebs, rom naTlis
svetiT, faqtobrivad, RvTismSobelia saxeldebuli (`dedao da
qalwulo, naTelo naTlisa suetsa msaxebelo. xolo suetad
saxel debulo”25). amave dros SeniSnavs, rom RvTismSoblis
cocxali svetis saxiT warmoCena jer kidev manamdeli wminda
mamebisa da winaswarmetyvelebis mier iyo navaraudevi:
`suetad naTlisad yovlad brwyinvaled, qadagebulo da
moswavebulo, wmidaTa mamaTa, da winaswarmetyuelTagan dedo-
falo wmidao, RvTisa dedao, meox gveyav Cven.~26
amave dros imave naTlis svetis gamovlinebas hqonda ad-
- 366 -
gili iordaneze iesos naTlisRebisas da Taborze macxovris
feriscvalebisas, sadac moxda mis mier RvTis damowmeba. Tavad
macxovris mtvirTveli RvTismSobeli naTlis svetadac war-
moCinda:
`Sen xar sueeti. naTeli naTlisagani, romeli elvebr
hkrTeboda iordanes da Tabors, mwamebelad Zesa RmrTisasa.
saxed Senda, naTlisa sueti gamoaCina, naTlisa sueto qal-
wulo, Sengan tvirTulman RmerTman. amisTvis Tayvanis gcemT
Sen mis Tana~.
nikoloz I ar kmayofildeba naTlis svetis daxasiaTebiT
axal aRTqmiseul epoqaSi da gvauwyebs, rom swored esaa is sve-
ti, romelic win miuZRoda ebrael ers, RamiT cecxlis saxed
ecxadeboda, xolo dRisiT — Rrublad. Zveli aRTqmis mixed-
viT ki swored am svetis meSveobiT xdeboda moses damoZRvra,
rodesac Rrublad movlinebuli sveti moses karavs faravda
da Rrublis Tavidan ufali uSualod esaubreboda.
`sakiTxavSi~ mocemuli sveticxovlis interpretacia, cxa-
dia, uSulo kavSirSi ganixileba iseT grandiozul mistikur
faqtTan, rogoricaa saqarTvelos RvTismSoblisadmi wil-
xvdomileba. nikoloz kaTalikossac ucilobel WeSmaritebad
miaCnia, rom qarTlSi ganmanaTleblad qalis movlinebis erT-
erTi mizezic swored am faqtidan momdinareobs. amave dros
svetis saxiT gancxadebuli RvTismSobeli maradiuli mfarve-
lia qarTveli erisa.
`saswauli sakvirelTa, sueti saso da zRude qarTvelTa
naTesavisa, romeli uxilead Cuen Soris uxilavad mdgomare
ars . . . queyniT zecas miwevnilo da zecas damkvidrebulo,
xolo Cuen Tana maradis myofo, sueto cxovelo, dedofalo
wmidao, meox gveyav mosavTa SenTa~.27
mas Semdeg, rac nikoloz kaTalikosi uaRresad Rrmad da
mravalmxriv axasiaTebs sveticxovlis sulier arss, rogorc,
erTi mxriv, suliwmidis, da, meore mxriv, yovladwmida RvTis-
mSoblis gancxadebas, igi kidev ufro aviTarebs am Temas, er-
TobliobaSi moiazrebs kaTolike eklesiis, uflis kvarTis da
naTlis svetis gamomsaxvelobas da maT urTierTobas wmida
samebis analogiurad ganixilavs.
ramdenadac cocxali sveti swored uflis kvarTis saflav-
zea aRmarTuli da amave adgilas iqna agebuli sveticxovlis
taZaric, maTi moazrebac mxolod erTobliobaSi iZleva WeS-
marit suraTs: `caTa mobaZav ese eklesia da sueti cxoveli,
- 367 -
naTlisa samoselsa, cecxlisa saxuvelsa, kuarTsa yovlad wmi-
dasa, uCrdiloben RrubliTa naTlisaTa~.
`samTa nivTTa sam saxeTa, samebisa gamomsaxvelTa: eklesia-
sa, kuarTsa da suetsa cxovelsa, erTobiT vadidebdeT, viTar-
ca samebasa erT RuTaebad. aRviarebT sam naTelTa erTobiT:
mamasa Zesa sulsa, ganuyofelad da Seurwyumelad msasoebelni
mermisa cxovrebisani~.28
rogorc vxedavT, `samebisa wmidisa msaxebelad~ warmodge-
nilia `kaTolike eklesia, kuarTi uflisa da sueti cxoveli~.
amave dros wmida samebis ganmartebisas nikoloz kaTaliko-
si eyrdnoba basili didis avtoritets da mis saRvTismetyvelo
naSromsac (èqusTa dReTa~) didi mowiwebiT moixseniebs.
nikoloz kaTalikosis `sakiTxavSi~ mocemul koncefciaSi
saqarTvelos wilxvdomilebiTi mimarTeba, erTi mxriv, uflis
kvarTisadmi, xolo, meore mxriv, RvTismSoblisadmi saocari
siRrmiT gamTlianda. es ori nakadi sveticxovlis sulier xat-
Si erTmaneTs Seerwya.
amave dros imave sveticxovelSi aseve mniSvnelovani aqcen-
ti gakeTda, erTi mxriv, suliwmidisa da, meore mxriv, ebrauli
samyaros mavlinebeli svetis moazrebazec.
sveticxoveli rom suliwmidas RvTismSobelTan mimarTe-
baSi daukavSirda, es ukve aRiniSna, magram amjerad gvinda ga-
varkvioT, Tu ras SeiZleba mianiSnebdes udabnos svetTan misi
gaigiveba.
am SemTxvevaSi kidev erTi kuTxiT mivadeqiT im sakiTxs,
romelsac jer kidev delfos misteriebze saubrisas SevexeT.
rogorc naTqvami iyo, apolonuri misteriis garda bunebis
elementebSi gamovlenil sulierebasTan aseve gansakuTrebuli
mimarTeba gaaCnda ebrael ersac. Tu yuradRebas mivapyrobT
moses epoqas, davinaxavT, rom mis qmedebaTa udidesi nawili
dakavSirebulia dedamiwis elementebidan momdinare ZalebTan.
udabnoSi mose kverTxiT kldidan gadmoadens wyals, moses
dauwvavi mayvlis buCqidan esaubreba ufali, mose adis mTaze
da iRebs aRTqmas. yovelive es aris sulieri Zalebis gancxa-
deba dedamiwis elementebSi. dedamiwis ZalebSi sulierebis
amgvar gamovlinebebs Tavad ebraelebi mudam gansakuTrebuli
simboloebiT gamosaxavdnen. im suraT-xatSi, romelSic moce-
mulia, Tu rogor miuZRvis win ebrael ers cecxlovani sveti,
an Rrubeli, gamosaxulia swored dedamiwidan, iahves samefo-
dan momdinare suliereba.29
- 368 -
ebraeli winaswarmetyvelebi delfos qurumebisgan mkveT-
rad gansxvavebuli saxiT arkveven TavianT urTierTobas ele-
mentarul samyarosTan. mogvianebiT am sferoSi rogorc ber-
Znuli misteriebis, aseve ebraeli winaswarmetyvelebis moR-
vaweoba TiTqosda erTgvarad CrdilSi eqceva, garegnul kult-
msaxurebaSi TiTqosda idumalebis burusSi iZireba, magram
rogorc irkveva, swored am qvesiRrmeebSi xdeba am procesebis
qristianizacia da igi axali ZaliT gadmoedineba sveticxov-
lis misteriaSi. qarTul qristianul kerebSi am qvesiRrmeebSi
daTesili Tesli TandaTan Rvivdeba da axal nayofier xed aR-
mocendeba. ebraeli eris winamZRoli sveti mcxeTaSi cocxali
svetis saxiT aRimarTeba. amave dros igive sveti msaxebelia
RvTismSoblisa da suliwmidis gancxadebasac warmoadgens.
XII saukunis bolos da gansakuTrebiT XIII saukunis dasaw-
yisSi kacobriobis evoluciis procesSi mniSvnelovani sakvanZo
etapi aRiniSna. sulieri samyaros mkveTri `dabindvis~ Sedegad,
rac dakavSirebuli iyo Tavad sulier samyaroSi momxdar mniS-
vnelovan movlenebTan, aucilebeli gaxda religiuri cxovre-
bis qvesiRrmeebSi arsebul saidumloebaTa didi nawili gamo-
taniliyo saero cxovrebis safexurze. ese igi, moxda ezoter-
uli sibrZnis didi nawilis egzoterizacia. es procesi ZiriTa-
dad mniSvnelovani saero xasiaTis kulturuli Zeglebis Seq-
mniT ganxorcielda. es qmnilebebi Zalze Rrmad iyo ganmsWva-
luli imdroindeli saRvTismetyvelo sibrZniT. dasavleTSi
erTmaneTis miyolebiT iqmneba mniSvnelovani literaturuli
Zeglebi graalis misteriebTan dakavSirebiT. imave periodSi
dante aligieri saero enaze, poemis saxiT gadmoscems qris-
tianuli swavlebis uRrmes saidumloebebs.
aRmosavleTSi, kerZod, Tamaris droindel saqarTveloSi,
`vefxistyaosanSi~ gamoisaxeba is umniSvnelovanesi sulieri
procesebi, romlebic qarTuli miqaeluri qristianobis saxiT
viTardeba da aqtiurad monawileobs msoflio mniSvnelobis
sulier movlenebSi.
saqarTvelos sulier cxovrebaSi arsebuli mimdinareoba,
romelic Tavisi arsiT gansxvavdeba aRniSnuli miqaelur-geor-
gianuli moZRvrebisagan, iyo RvTaebis maradqalur sawyisTan
dakavSirebuli sulieri nakadi. es mimarTuleba efuZneboda
RvTismSoblis wilxvdomilebisa da uflis kvarTis saidumloe-
bebidan momdinare impulsebs da saxovanebis TvalsazrisiT, um-
Tavresad, sveticxovlis misteriaSi airekla. marTalia, es ori
- 369 -
nakadi saqarTvelos sulieri cxovrebis qvesiRrmeebSi, ZiriTa-
dad, erToblivad moqmedebda da mWidrod iyo urTierTdakav-
Sirebuli, magram maTi gancalkevebac sruliad cxadi saxiTaa
mocemuli uZveles qarTul wyaroebSi. am gancalkevebis mTa-
vari mizezi imaSi mdgomareobda, rom erovnuli misiis Tval-
sazrisiT isini sxvadasxva epoqisken iyvnen mimarTulni.
RmerTmamakacebrivi aspeqtidan momdinare miqaelur-geor-
gianuli moZraoba, ZiriTadad, swored im impulsebs ganapi-
robebda, romlebic im periodSi Tanadroul procesebTan iyo
dakavSirebuli. qarTuli kultura, erTi mxriv, swored misTvis
damaxasiaTebeli miqaelur-georgianuli saxiT monawileobda
msoflio qristianul moZraobaSi da `meore dRis~ umTavre-
si amocanebis gadawyvetaSi, xolo, meore mxriv, saqarTvelos
sulieri cxovrebis am gziT gamomuSavebulma mebrZoli qris-
tianobis xasiaTma gansazRvra is, rom saqarTvelos XIII saukuni-
dan dawyebuli, erovnuli katastrofis pirobebSic ki, Seenar-
Cunebina rogorc fizikuri arseboba, aseve aRmsareblobis
formac. qarTveli eris es georgianuli brZola TviTgadarCe-
nisaTvis rva saukunis ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda da, faqto-
brivad, dRevandlamde grZeldeba.
rac Seexeba meore, maradqaluri sawyisidan momdinare na-
kads, igi umTavresad momavlis tendenciebs Seicavs da dRevan-
deli qarTveli eris sulieri misiac swored am mimarTulebi-
Taa gansazRvruli.
vidre am sakiTxs calke SevexebiT, gvinda moviniSnoT is
faqti, rom Tamaris droindel saqarTveloSi am sulieri na-
kadis garkveuli egzoterizaciac aRiniSna. es procesi Tavisi
xasiaTiT sakmaod gansxvavebulia ukve aRniSnulisagan, radgan
Tu `vefxistyaosanSi~ mniSvnelovnad `gaxalxurda~ miqaelu-
ri nakadidan momdinare ezoteruli sibrZne, am SemTxvevaSi
adgili hqonda ara gaxalxurebas, aramed qarTuli erovnuli
sulisTvis damaxasiaTebeli uRrmesi sulieri safuZvlebis
interpretacias. es interpretacia ki Tavad eklesiis wiaRSi
ganxorcielda.
Tamar mefis karze am urTulesi amocanis gadawyveta rus-
Tvelisave Tanamedrove udides qarTvel moRvawes, saqarTvelos
kaTalikos-patriarqs nikoloz I-s daevala. mis mier dawerili
sveticxovlis `sakiTxavi~ swored amgvari problemis gadawyve-
tas emsaxureba. moaxloebuli katastrofis pirobebSi aucile-
beli iyo werilobiTi saxiT Camoyalibebuliyo sveticxovlis
- 370 -
misteriis umTavresi safuZvlebi, raTa momaval Taobebs saSu-
aleba miscemodaT sworad moeZebnaT qarTuli erovnuli cxov-
rebis TaviseburebebiT gansazRvruli is fesvebi, saidanac am
qveyanaSi axali epoqis Sesabamisi qristianuli cxovreba unda
amozrdiliyo.
rogorc vnaxeT, nikoloz kaTalikosisTvis araviTar eWvs
ar iwvevs is faqti, rom RvTaebrivi sofia swored RvTismSo-
belSi gamovlinda, xolo ramdenadac jer kidev moses epoqidan
ase TvalnaTliv xiluli cocxali sveti uZvelesi tradiciiT
swored RvTaebrivi sofiis msaxebelia, aqedan momdinare, igive
sveti RvTismSoblis msaxebelicaa.
Tu Svidwevrovnad warmodgenili sofiis zemoT ganxilul
saxes gavixsenebT, davinaxavT, rom sofiis yvelaze dabali wevri
uSualod adamianuri ierarqiis doneze vlindeba da, amdenad,
Zalze mWidrod ukavSirdeba adamianur yofas, xolo yvelaze
maRali wevri zeciur ierarqiul wyobaSi ùflebaTa~ ierarqi-
is, anu sibrZnis sulebs moicavs. am TvalsazrisiT, RvTaebrivi
sofia warmoidgineba rogorc cecxlovani sveti, romelic su-
lierad miwieri yofidan iwyeba da ùflebaTa~ maRal sulier
ierarqiamdea aRmarTuli. xolo ramdenadac zodiaquri Tval-
sazrisiT am zeciur ierarqias mzis umaRlesi, varskvlavuri
aspeqti Seesabameba, faqtobrivad, aRniSnuli cecxlovani sveti
sulieri TvalsazrisiT dedamiwasa da mzis umaRlesi aspeqtis
SemaerTebel svetad gvevlineba.
aqve unda gavixsenoT, rom ùflebaTa~ ierarqia, anu si-
brZnis sulebi zodiaqur wreSi qalwulis TanavarskvlavedTa-
naa dakavSirebuli, xolo adamianuri arseba, anu miwieri yofa
gamosaxulia Tevzebis zodiaqoTi. ese igi, qristes kosmosuri
Soba qalwul sofias mier maSin ganxorcielda, roca moxda misi
`daSveba~ saydarTa ierarqiidan uflebaTa ierarqiamde, anu
qalwulis kariT mziur samyaroSi Semosvla.
`qarTlis moqceva~ saocrad lakoniurad mianiSnebs am ko-
smosuri faqtis Sesaxeb. rogorc gveuwyeba, mcxeTaSi saswau-
lebrivi jvris aRmarTebamde mirian mefe Tavis locvaSi am-
gvarad metyvelebs:
`Sen, iesu qriste, romelman Tavi Tvisi daimdable da xati
monebisa STaicu simdabliTa SeniTa, romeli gardamohxed
kurTxeulTagan wiaRTa mamisaTa, romelman dauteven CuenTvis
saydarni, uflebani da Zalni da daemkvidre saSosa wmidisa qal-
wulisasa . . .~ 30
- 371 -
advilad SevamCnevT, rom locvis am mcire monakveTSi
qristes kosmosuri Sobis samive saetapo movlena fiqsirde-
ba. pirvelad xom, marTlac, mamis wiaRidan Seqmnil samyaroSi
moxda Semosvla (`romeli gardamohxed kurTxeulTagan wiaRTa
mamisaTa . . . “).
Semdgomi kosmosuri `Soba~ ukve qalwul sofias mier im
arealSi ganxorcielda, sadac kosmosuri qriste tovebs `say-
darTa~ ierarqias da ùflebaTa~ ierarqiaSi (anu qalwulis
areSi) gadadis (`romelman dauteven CuenTvis saydarni, ufle-
bani da Zalni . . .).
sxva SemTxvevaSi mamis wiaRidan zeciuri ierarqiebis gav-
liT qristes daSveba, cxadia, pirveli ierarqiidan, anu se-
rafimTa ierarqiidan unda moxsenebuliyo, magram, rogorc
vxedavT, TiTqosda moulodnelad `moqcevis~ avtori mis mier
`saydarTa~, anu mesame ierarqiis datovebiT iwyebs daSvebis
procesis gadmocemas da CamoTvlaSic mxolod sami erTmaneTis
momdevno daRmavali ierarqiis dasaxelebiT ifargleba, riTac
xazgasmiT mianiSnebs, rom am SemTxvevaSi saubaria ara mxolod
imaze, rom mamis sferodan daSvebulma qristem cxrave ierarqia
gamoiara, aramed aqcentirebulia erT-erTi saetapo movlena,
kerZod `saydarTa~ ierarqiis datovebis Semdeg qristes `Soba~
ùflebaTa~ ierarqiaSi, rac varskvlavur enaze wminda sofiis
mier qristes kosmosur Sobas mianiSnebs.
iqve mieniSneba qristes Semdgomi, mesame, anu fizikur
planSi dabadeba, romelic ukve RvTismSoblisagan aResrule-
ba (`romeli gardamohxed kurTxeulTagan wiaRTa mamisaTa,
romelman dauteven CuenTvis saydarni, uflebani da Zalni da
daemkvidre saSosa wmidisa qalwulisasa . . . “)
analogiuri suraT-xati `moqcevis~ sxva epizodSic
garkveviT fiqsirdeba:
`maSin netarman man dedakacman nino Tqua: `kurTxeul ars
RmerTi da mamaY uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristesi, romelman moav-
lina sityuaY wmidaY misi caTa maRalTaiT TviT Zlierisagan
saydrisa gardamosruli queyanad mdablad ueWuelad Sobad
xorcielad Teslisagan daviTisa dedakacisagan martod Sobi-
lisa wmidisagan da ubiwoisa . . .~
rogorc vxedavT, am SemTxvevaSic qristes kosmosuri Sobis
is sakvanZo etapebia moniSnuli, romlebzedac wina SemTxvevaSi
iyo saubari.
rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, mamis wiaRidan zodiaqur samyaroSi
- 372 -
qristes Semosvla suliwmidis gziT ganxorcielda da pirveli
oTxi ierarqiis (serafimni, qerubimni, saydarni, uflebani) var-
skvlavur areals moicavs. swored uflebaTa ierarqiaSi vlin-
deba pirvelad mzis varskvlavuri aspeqti, mis zemoT ki wmin-
dad zodiaquri, anu varskvlavuri samyaroa.
`moqcevis~ ganxilul epizods uSualod mosdevs grandio-
zuli suraT-xati, romelic wminda sofiis aRniSnul saxeze me-
tyvelebs:
`da iyo raodenisame Jamisa Semdgomad, martviliisa ukuana,
ixiles saswauli didi da saSineli dResa oTxSabaTsa. aha esera
sueti naTlisaY saxed juarisa dga zeda juarsa mas da aTormet-
ni angelozni dagvirgvinebul iyvnes garemois misa, egreve saxed
aTormetni varskulavni dagvirgvinebul iyvnes . . .
da merme kualad ixiles sxuaY saswauli patiosnisa juari-
saY: viTarca cecxli dga da viTarca ali egzeboda zeda Tavsa
juarisasa samgzis mzisa ubrwyinvalesi, da viTarca saxumilisa
raY naberwyali aRvaln Zlierad, egre saxed iyo: aRvidodes
angelozni da gardamovidodes zeda patiosansa juarsa. xolo
borcvi igi juarisa ixarebda Zlierad da yoveli queyanaY iZr-
voda, da mTaTa da borcuTa da ReleTa armuri sulnelebisaY
aRvidoda camde~.31
rogorc vxedavT, aRniSnuli movlena xdeba sulTmofeno-
bis Semdeg. am miniSnebiT, jer erTi, xazi esmeva warmodgenili
movlenis paralels sulTmofenobasTan da, meorec, gamoric-
xavs sofiis suraT-xatis aRrevas suliwmidis gamovlinebaSi.
vfiqrobT, warmodgenil epizodSi sruliad naTelia ima-
ginaciuri kavSiri ioanes gamocxadebaSi mocemul suraT-xat-
Tan:
`da saswauli didi gamoCnda caTa Sina: dedakaci, romelsa
emosa mze, da mTovare iyo queSe ferxTa misTa, da Tavsa zeda
missa gvirgvini varskulavTa aTormetTaY.“32
es apokalifsuri suraT-xati mogvianebiT mravalgzis iqna
gamoyenebuli wminda sofiis gamomsaxvel ikonografiaSi. sofia
gamoisaxeboda rogorc taxtze mjdomi dedofali, romelic
mziuri naTliTaa Semosili. mis zemoT Tormeti varskvlavia,
xolo ferxTiT namgala mTvare.
es suraT-xati mravalmxriv SeiZleba iqnas gagebuli. erT-
erT aspeqtSi igi moicavs sofiis ierarqiuli ganfenilobis su-
raTsac.
sam jgufad dayofil zeciur ierarqiaSi pirveli sami
- 373 -
swored varskvlavur sferos moicavs da igi ar Sedis sofiis
Svidwevrovan agebulebaSi. amitomac es varskvlavuri sfero
sofiis zemoT gamoisaxeba Tormeti varskvlavis saxiT. ricxvi
Tormeti am SemTxvevaSi srul varskvlavur sferos gulis-
xmobs. ierarqiaTa Semdgomi ori jgufis warmomadgenlebi ukve
monawileoben sofiis krebiT saxeSi. amave dros maTgan pirveli
jgufi (uflebani, Zalni, xelmwifebani) swored mziur sferos
ganasaxiereben, rac sofiis mziT SemosilebaSi gamoixateba ki-
dec. mxolod qveda ierarqiebi moicaven mTvareul aspeqtebs
da es gradaciac zustad isaxeba warmodgenil apokalifsur
suraT-xatSi. mzeSemosili dedakacis ferxTiT, marTlac, mTva-
rea gamosaxuli.
cad aRmarTuli cecxlovani sveti rom sofias ganasa-
xierebs da igi SemaerTebelia cisa da miwisa, imiTac mieniSneba,
rom am svetze angelozTa asvla-Camosvla ixilveba (àRvidodes
angelozni da gardamovidodes zeda patiosansa juarsa~).
`moqceva~ imasac iuwyeba, rom cecxlis saxed aRmarTuli
sveti `samgzis mzisa ubrwyinvalesia~. sami mzis sulieri mniS-
vnelobac naTlad airekla sofiis xatis gamomsaxvelobaSi.
magaliTad, novgorodis sofiis xatze gamosaxul qalwuls —
sofias swored sammagi manaTobeli garsi mosavs. taxtze mjdo-
mi sofiis zemoT gamosaxulia RvTaebrivi logosi — qriste,
romelic aseve sammagi manaTobeli garsiTaa Semosili.
idea sofiis mzeze ubrwyinvalesobis Sesaxeb jer kidev
Zveli aRTqmidan momdinareobs. solomoni RvTaebrivi sofiis
Sesaxeb gvauwyebs:
`radgan igi mzis umSvenesia da varskvlavTa yvela xomlze
aRmatebuli; naTlis winaSec ki pirveli aRmoCnda~.33
es motivi naTladaa mocemuli ian van eikis (XV s) mier
holandiaSi Sesrulebul gentis sakurTxevelSi. aq RvTismSo-
beli gamosaxulia taxtze mjdomi. RvTismSobels xelSi wig-
ni uWiravs, xolo warwera azustebs, rom am SemTxvevaSi igi
gamosaxulia sofiis im aspeqtSi, roca mieniSneba, rom misi na-
Teli mzisas aRemateba (sibrZne solomonisa 7, 29).
`moqcevis~ uwyeba imis Sesaxeb, rom jvris Tavze mgzne-
bare ali iyo `samgzis mzisa ubrwyinvalesi~, kidev ufro akon-
kretebs solomoniseul interpretacias da exeba uaRresad
rTul saRvTismetyvelo problemas.
jer kidev qristianobamdel misteriebSi arsebobda codna
mzis sammagi bunebis Sesaxeb. sulieri TvalsazrisiT, mze moiaz-
- 374 -
reboda rogorc RvTaebrivi sofiis mier Seqmnili sammagi garsis
matarebeli. pirvel garss warmoadgenda misi manaTobeli sxeuli,
romelic fizikur samyarosac aniWebda sinaTles. meore garsi
gulisxmobda mzis im aspeqts, romelic sicocxlis kosmosur saw-
yiss moicavs da fizikur planSi siTburi saxiT vlindeboda.
mzis mesame aspeqti vlindeboda im kosmosuri siyvarulis
ZalaSi, romelic Semdgom sikvdilis damTrgunveli msxver-
plSewirvis safuZvlad unda gamovleniliyo.
rac Seexeba adamianur arsebasTan mimarTebas, es sammagi
mziuri aspeqti Semdegi saxiTaa mocemuli: mze, rogorc su-
lieri sinaTlis wyaro aRanTebs adamianis sulier Semecnebas,
mze, rogorc sicocxlis wyaro, ganacxovelebs da sulier Si-
naarss aniWebs adamianur grZnobas, xolo mze, rogorc sulieri
siyvarulis wyaro, adamianur nebaSi vlindeba rogorc RvTae-
brivi msxverplSewirvis safuZveli.
Zveli misteriebis xeldasxmulT ukve hqondaT winaswari
ganWvreta imisa, rom momavalSi kacobriobas sami mziuri gar-
sisgan Seqmnili zeciuri samosiT mziuri logosi unda mov-
lenoda. faqtobrivad, es iyo sofiis mier ganxorcielebuli
samosi kosmosuri qristesTvis, romelic TandaTan uaxlovde-
boda miwier samyaros.
es saidumlo codna sammagi mzis Sesaxeb winareqristianul
epoqaSi mravali misteriuli skolis erT-erT centralur swavle-
bas warmoadgenda. mas Semdeg, rac es winaswari ganWvreta fizikur
planSi aResrula, amgvari mistikuri ganwyobileba, cxadia, Tanda-
Tan Caqra. TviT qristianul wreebSic, ZiriTadad, IV saukunemde
xdeboda am Temaze saubari. amis Semdeg garegnul kulturaSi ukve
aRar vxvdebiT sammagi mzis saRvTismetyvelo problemas.
Semdgom periodSi saidumlo codna sammagi mzis Sesaxeb
kvlav agrZelebda sicocxles, erTi mxriv, aRmosavleT saqris-
tianos monastrul cxovrebaSi da, meore mxriv, dasavleTSi
arsebul wminda graalis misteriebSi. ufro mogvianebiT ki am
Temas kvlav exebian rozenkreicerTa viwro wreebSi.34
rogorc irkveva, saqarTvelos sasuliero wreebSi saidum-
lo codna sammagi mzis Sesaxeb Zalze Rrmad iyo gacnobiere-
buli. garda `qarTlis moqcevisa~, am problemas exebian iseTi
didi qarTveli moazrovneebi, rogorebicaa daviT aRmaSenebeli
da rusTveli.
rogorc iTqva, RvTaebrivi sofiis suraT-xatSi erT-erT
centralur motivs warmoadgens misi Svidwevrovnebis gamosax-
- 375 -
va Svidi svetis saxiT. Zvel aRTqmiseul uwyebaze dayrdnobiT
sibrZnis saxls, anu sofiis taZars Svidi sveti aqvs (`sibrZneman
iSena Tavisa Tvisisa saxli, da queSe Seudgna mas Svidni suetni~
— sibrZne solomonisa 9, 1).
es motivi mogvianebiT mravalgzis iqna gamosaxuli
ikonografiaSi. sofiis xatebSi aqcenti xSirad swored am Svid
svetzea. ramdenadac mcxeTaSi aRmarTuli cocxali sveti Ta-
vad warmoadgens RvTaebrivi sofiis msaxebels, bunebrivia,
rom aq agebul taZars swored Svidi sveti aqvs. swored amgvar
suraT-xats gamosaxavs wminda ninos mier mcxeTaSi aRmarTu-
li Svidi sveti. mniSvnelovania isic, rom am Svidi svetidan
meSvide gansakuTrebulia da igi, amave dros, jvarsac ganasa-
xierebs. sabolood es sveti fizikuradac swored jvrad gar-
daisaxeba — cocxali svetisgan mcire jvrebi damzaddeba da
mTel saqarTvelos moefineba.
meSvide svetis jvarTan dakavSirebis idea sruliad bune-
brivad gamomdinareobs sofiis Svidwevrovani agebulebidan.
ramdenadac wina eqvsi sveti ukavSirdeba zeciur ierarqiebs
ùflebaTa~ ierarqiidan àngelozTa~ ierarqiis CaTvliT, am-
denad jvris arseboba ver gavrceldeba am sferoebze. jvar-
cmis mniSvneloba mxolod adamianuri yofis sferos exeba da
amdenad sofiis agebulebaSi mxolod im nawilis dakavSireba
SeiZleba jvarTan, romelic adamianuri yofis safexurze vlin-
deba. meSvide sveti, romliTac wminda sofia adamianur yo-
famde eSveba, faqtobrivad, qmnis SemaerTebel xids adamianur
da zeciur ierarqiebs Soris. zecisken mimavali sakacobrio
gza swored qristianul jvarze gadis.
am TvalsazrisiT, sainteresoa sofiis gamosaxuleba iaro-
slavis ioane oqropiris saxelobis taZarSi. aq wminda sofia
swored eklesiis saxiTaa warmodgenili. zemoT gamosaxulia
qriste, qvemoT naxevarwre, saidanac Svidi svetis aRsaniSnavad
Svidi sxivi gamodis. am Svidi svetidan meSvide gamosaxulia
rogorc jvari (jvarcmulTan erTad).35
Svidsvetiani saxlis, anu Svidsvetiani taZris saxiT wminda
sofiis gamosaxva sakmaod gavrcelebuli formaa gviani peri-
odis ikonografiaSi. am TvalsazrisiT, sruliad unikalur
SemTxvevasTan gvaqvs saqme mcxeTis sveticxovelTan dakavSire-
biT. IV saukuneSi wminda ninom Zveli aRTqmiseuli sofiis xati
sruliad realur planSi ganaxorciela — Svidi svetisgan Se-
qmna RvTis saxli, rac kidev erTxel adasturebs, rom wminda
- 376 -
ninos mier mcxeTaSi agebuli taZari swored sofiis taZaria.
rogorc vnaxeT, XI saukuneSi agebuli sveticxovlis taZaric
Tavisi moculobiTi formiT solomonis taZarTan aRmoCnda
simetriaSi. aseve, Zveli aRTqmis mixedviT, ierusalimSi age-
buli solomonis taZaric swored sibrZnis saxlia.
sofiis xatovan gamosaxulebebTan dakavSirebiT Cven, Ziri-
Tadad, im SemTxvevebze gavamaxvileT yuradReba, roca RvTae-
brivi sofia gamosaxulia an uSualod RvTismSoblis saxiT,
anda ufro zogadad — Svidsvetiani taZris suraT-xatiT. sain-
teresoa, rom pavle florenski sofiis rusuli xatebis sam
tips ganasxvavebs, romelTagan or tips swored es saxeebi qmni-
an. sofiis xatis mesame tipi iTvaliswinebs sofiis gamosax-
vas angelozis msgavsi saxiT (magaliTad, novgorodis xati).
ruseTSi Zalze bevria xati, sadac wminda sofia gamosaxulia
cecxlovani angelozis saxiT.36
vfiqrobT, mogvianebiT rusul ikonografiaSi ganviTare-
buli es suraT-xatic naTladaa mocemuli `qarTlis moqcevaSi~.
wminda ninos locvis Semdeg `da aha esera zeda-moadga Wabuki
erTi yovladve naTliTa Semosili, da moeblardna cecxlis-
saxed zewari~. swored cecxlovanma Wabukma `miyo xeli suetsa
mas da upyra Tavi da aRamaRla da wariRo simaRlesa caTasa~,37
saidanac Semdeg sveti Tavad daeSva cecxlovani saxiT.
vfiqrobT, cecxlovani Wabukic RvTaebrivi sofiis erT-
erTi saxea, radganac am SemTxvevaSi misi qmedeba swored sofi-
ur xasiaTSi vlindeba. igi monawileobs miwieri da zeciuri
ierarqiebis cecxlovani svetiT SeerTebis proceSi.
wminda ninos mier mcxeTaSi sveticxovlis taZris mSe-
neblobas pirdapiri paraleli gaaCnia saberZneTSi konstantine
mefisa da elene dedoflis moRvaweobasTan. am urTierTobaTa
Sesaxeb `moqceva~ xazgasmiT iuwyeba.
im periodSi, rodesac wminda nino mcxeTaSi sveticxovlis
taZars aSenebs, konstantinopolSi aia-sofiis taZari Sendeba.
marTalia, dReisTvis jer kidev kamaTia imis Sesaxeb, sofiis
ra gagebas gulisxmobs konstantinopolis aia-sofia, magram
TavisTavad is faqti, rom misi umTavresi dResaswauli Sobas
aRiniSneba, ukve metyvelebs RvTismSoblis arsTan mis mWidro
kavSirze.
amdenad, ar unda iyos gasakviri, rom imave periodSi wminda
ninoc swored sofiis taZars aSenebs mcxeTaSi.
SesaZloa, erTi SexedviT, ucnaurad gamoiyurebodes, rom
- 377 -
dReisTvis wminda ninos sveticxovlis adgilas arsebuli me-
same sveticxoveli (XI s.) Tormet mociqulTa saxelze agebul
taZrad moixsenieba, magram sinamdvileSi aq ar aris araviTari
Seusabamoba. am suraT-xatis gasarkvevad gavixsenoT, Tu, sa-
zogadod, ras gulisxmobs Tormeti mociqulis erToblivi
warmodgena.
am SemTxvevSi igulisxmeba sulTmofenobis epizodi, roca
Tormetive mociquli erTad loculobs. seriozul saRvTisme-
tyvelo problemas warmoadgens imis garkveva, Tu ra mimarTeba
aqvs RvTismSobels sulTmofenobis orgvari xatis arsebobaSi.
erTi tipis xatebze mxolod Tormeti mociqulia gamosaxuli,
xolo meoreze Tormet mociqulTan erTad RvTismSobelic im-
yofeba. am suraT-xatebis sulier mniSvnelobebs qvemoT Seve-
xebiT, amjerad ki mxolod moviniSnavT, rom mcxeTur miste-
riaSi sruliad gamokveTilad meore tipis xatia warmodgenili.
cocxali svetis aRmarTebis adgilas Tormeti mociqulis taZ-
ris ageba swored am xats gulisxmobs, radgan, rogorc vnaxeT,
cocxali sveti swored RvTismSoblis msaxebelia.
analogiuri xati gansxvavebuli saxiTaa gamosaxuli aseve
mcxeTaSi arsebul samTavros taZarSi. aq taZris gumbaTze,
TiTqosda kanonikis darRveviT, Tormetis naclad cameti fan-
jaraa. yovel fanjarasTan TiTo mociqulia gamosaxuli, xolo
mecamete fanjarasTan RvTismSoblis gamosaxulebaa. am Sem-
TxvevaSi RvTismSobeli mociqulTa srul wreSi dgas.
warmodgenil mosazrebas kidev ufro ganamtkicebs is faq-
ti, rom mcxeTis sveticxovlis taZars odiTganve sioni ewode-
boda, rac kidev erTxel mianiSnebs imaginaciur paralels
sulTmofenobis movlenasTan.
mniSvnelovania is faqtic, rom mcxeTis cocxali svetis
daxasiaTebisas nikoloz kaTalikosi mas suliwmidis msaxebla-
dac warmogvidgens, rac, cxadia, pirvel rigSi kvlav sulT-
mofenobis epizods gvaxsenebs.
advilad SevamCnevT, rom `moqcevaSi~ cocxal svetTan
dakavSirebul simbolikaSi xSirad moixseniebian mcenareebi.
Tavad svetis Seqmnisasac sami sxvadasxva jiSis xezea miTiTeba.
igive xdeba jvris Seqmnisasac.
mcenareuli simboloebi xSiria sxvadasxva sakvanZo mo-
mentis gadmocemisasac. magaliTad, somxeTSi wminda nino var-
dis buCqSi imaleba da iq aqvs mniSvnelovani xilva. mcxeTa-
Sic garkveuli drois manZilze mayvlis buCqebSi cxovrobs da
- 378 -
loculobs. miniSnebulia mcxeTaSi arsebuli vazis msxmoiare-
bis Sesaxebac.
yvela am mcenareul simbolos, cxadia mravalmxrivi inter-
pretacia gaaCniaT, magram garkveuli gagebiT isini wminda so-
fiasac ukavSirdebian. Zvel aRTqmaSi swored amgvari mcenareu-
li simboloebiT xasiaTdeba RvTaebrivi sibrZne:
`me gamovedi uzenaesis piridan da nisliviT davfare de-
damiwa. maRalze davdgi Cemi karavi da Cemi taxti svetze Rru-
blisa . . . .
uwinares saukunisa, dasabamiTve, Semqmna me da ukunisamde
ar gavTavdebi. wminda karavSi vimsaxure mis winaSe da sionSi
ase ganvmtkicdi . . .
avmaRldi, rogorc kedari libanSi da kviparosi hermonis
mTebze. avmaRldi, rogorc finiki engadSi da rogorc buCqe-
bi vardisa ieriqonSi, rogorc mSvenieri zeTisxili velze da
rogorc Wadari avmaRldi. gamoveci keTilsurneleba, rogorc
dariCinma da aspalanTma da rogorc rCeulma gundrukma amo
surneli movfine . . .
me warmovSvi madli, rogorc vazma da Cemi yvavilebi dide-
bisa da dovlaTis nayofia.~38
RvTaebrivi surnelebis Temac mWidrod ukavSirdeba mcxe-
Tis cocxal svets, ramdenadac aq miniSnebulia surnelovani
alvis monawileoba.
`qarTlis moqcevis~ mixedviT warmodgenil sveticxovelze
saubrisas ukve mravalgzis aRiniSna, rom mcxeTis sulier gare-
moSi gamokveTilad aqcentirebulia gansakuTrebuli mimarTeba
bunebis stiqiebisadmi. sveticxovlis aRmarTebas swored oT-
xive stiqiis gardaqmna uZRvis win.
rogorc irkveva, es motivic uaRresad mWidrodaa dakav-
Sirebuli sofiis gamovlinebis sferosTan.
mefe solomoni sibrZnis Sesaxeb aRniSnavs:
`man momca me arsebulTa utyuari codna, raTa Semecno
samyaros wyoba da stiqiaTa moqmedeba. dasabami, dasasruli da
Suaxani, mzebudobaTa monacvleoba da areTa Senacvlebani, we-
liwadis brunva da varskvlavTa ganlageba, cxovelTa buneba
da mxecTa Tviseba, qarTa qrolva da kacTa zraxvani, mcena-
reTa mravalferovneba da fesvebis Zala. yovelive Sevicani,
dafarulic da gancxadebulic, radgan sibrZnem ganmaswavla,
yovelTa Semoqmedma~.39
- 379 -
§ 4. `Sen xar venaxi”
amjerad gvinda SevexoT dReisTvis Zalze cnobilsa da gax-

maurebul saeklesio sagalobels — `Sen xar venaxi~.
rogorc cnobilia, am sagaloblis teqsti dawerilia XII
saukuneSi daviT aRmaSeneblis Zis, demetre mefis mier. ese igi,
misi Seqmna cotaTi win uswrebs kaTalikos-patriarq nikoloz
I-is moRvaweobis xanas.
sagalobeli, romelic dReisTvis `Sen xar venaxi~-s saxeliT
moixsenieba, faqtobrivad, aris demetre mefis mier RvTis-
mSoblisadmi miZRvnili teqstis meore nawili. teqstis pirveli
nawilic analogiuri metriTaa dawerili da iq ufro gamokve-
Tiladaa warmodgenili RvTismSoblisadmi xotbis Sesxma:
RvTismSobeli da yovladpatiosani
deda, qalwuli, Svenieri SroSani,
mas axarebda angelosi frTosani,
Sengan iSvebis mefe gvirgvinosani.
da mas hmonebdes mefe mraval-ymosani.
rogorc vxedavT, teqstis es nawili sruliad garkveviT

RvTismSoblisadmia miZRvnili. rac Seexeba meore nawils, aq
ukve am motivis ase cxadad aRqma erTgvar sirTulesTanaa
dakavSirebuli:
Sen xar venaxi, axlad ayvavebuli,

morCi keTili, edemSi danerguli,
alva sulneli samoTxiT gamosruli,
RmerTman Segamko, veravin gjobs qebuli,
da TaviT TvisiT mze xar gabrwyinvebuli.
erTi SexedviT, ar aris cxadad gamokveTili, Tu ratom

miemarTeba RvTismSobels amgvari epiTetebiT. am garemoebam
mkvlevarTa Soris eWvi warmoSva, rom es sagalobeli eZRvneba
ara RvTismSobels, aramed macxovars.
vfiqrobT, am teqstSic sruliad xazgasmulad mocemulia
saqarTvelos imdroindel saRvTismetyvelo azrovnebaSi Rrmad
gacnobierebuli is koncefcia, romlis mixedviTac mcxeTis
cocxali sveti moazrebulia rogorc yovladwmida RvTismSob-
lis `msaxebeli~. `Sen xar venaxi~ warmoadgens RvTismSoblis
- 380 -
sagalobels, magram am SemTxvevaSi mas miemarTeba, rogorc sve-
ticxovels — mcxeTur misteriaSi suliwmidisa da RvTismSob-
lis ganmacxadebel saxes.
am azris naTelsayofad ganvixiloT is epiTetebi, rom-
lebic teqstis mixedviT RvTismSobels ukavSirdeba.
pirvel striqonSi RvTismSobeli moixsenieba rogorc `ve-
naxi, axlad ayvavebuli~. meore striqonSi — `morCi keTili,
edemSi danerguli~, xolo mesameSi — àlva sulneli samoTxiT
gamosruli~.
cxadia, am SemTxvevaSic simbolur metyvelebasTan gvaqvs
saqme da es epiTetebi garkveuli msoflmxedvelobidan momdi-
nareobs. irkveva, rom umTavresad swored es sami epiTeti gan-
sazRvravs cocxali svetis sulier simbolikas.
zogierTi gadmocemis mixedviT, cocxali sveti mironmde-
ni alvis xisgan iqna damzadebuli. `moqcevis~ versiiT ki, igi
uflis kvarTis saflavze amosuli naZvisgan iqmneba. `moqce-
va~ imaginaciurad mianiSnebs am naZvis mokveTis adgilas vazis
arsebobasac. sveticxovlis taZris adgilis SerCevisas mirian
mefe amgvarad mimarTavs wminda ninos:
àramed ara vhrido samoTxesa mas sameufosa da naZuTa si-
maRlesa da baboloTa maT nayofierebasa da yuavilTa maT sul-
nelebasa, aramed mas Sina aRvaSeno taZari salocvelad Cemda,
romeli egos ukunisamde.
da meyseulad moiRes Zeli da iwyes Senebad. da mohkueTes
naZvi igi da Semzades suetad da ZirTa misTa zeda dadves sa-
fuZveli eklesiisaY.“40
babilo sulxan-sabas ganmartebiT warmoadgens xe-vazs,
xeze asul vazs.41 ese igi, babilo vazs xis saxiT warmoadgens.
imave adgilas aRmarTuli naZvis Sesaxeb `moqceva~ imasac
iuwyeba, rom igi libanidan aris motanili. macxovris kvarTis
saflavis adgilze mieniSneba: `maxlobel ars adgili igi naZusa
mas libaniT mosrulsa da mcxeTas danergulsa.~42
`moqcevaSi~, marTalia, cocxali sveti libaniT mosuli
naZvisgan mzaddeba, magram alvis xis simboloc ar aris davi-
wyebuli da naTqvamia, rom imave adgilas mogvianebiT aRimarTa
jvari, romelic saswaulebrivi xisgan damzadda.
`maSin Zirsa zeda aRhmarTes, karsa eklesiisasa samxriTsa
. . . da iyo xilvaY misi Suenier da sulhamo, viTarca smeniT
viciT xisa misTvis alvisa~.43
ese igi, sveticxovlis aRmarTebis adgilas mocemulia xis
- 381 -
sami imaginaciuri xati: babilo, anu xe-vazi, libaniT mosuli
naZvi da `sulhamo alva~.
am simbolikaSi ukeT garkvevisaTvis saWiroa gavixsenoT
Zveli aRTqmiseuli erTi motivi, romelic qristianul gadmo-
cemebSi amgvaradaa moTxrobili:
òdes daviTs kidobani sjulisa moaqunda saxliTa aminada-
bisiTa ierusalemad, samni morCuni epyrnes xelTa: erTi saroi-
sa, erTi fiWuisa da erTi naZuisa, romelnic libanis mTidan
iyvnen motanilni (eseni, am apokrifis sxva versiiT, gamotani-
li iyvnen samoTxidan noes Svilis ionitis mier), diakeulTa
maTTvis, romelni zrvides kidobansa mas. da viTarca moiwia
adgilsa romelsame erTsa, samnive erTobiT dahnergna, da saR-
mrToiTa wamisyofiTa erTad SeerTnes da aRizardes da iqmnes
xe maRal da Suenier~. òdes solomonisa taZarsa aSenebden,
maSin mohkueTes xe igi taZrisTvis~. magram am mokveTil xes,
RvTis gangebiT sxva daniSnuleba miuRia, is taZrisaTvis ve-
Rar gamouyenebiaT, iqve taZarSi dautovebiaT da `raJams moi-
wia vnebaY qristesi, maSin gankueTes da mas zeda juarsa acues
ufali RmerTi Cueni.~44
rogorc vxedavT, am qristianul apokrifSi mocemulia li-
banidan motanili saros, fiWvisa da naZvis urTierTSerwymis
sulieri xati. sulxan-sabas ganmartebiT, saro igive alvis xea.
ese igi, `moqcevaSi~ moTxrobili sami xis sveticxovelSi SeerTe-
bis istoriaSi ori (alvis xe da naZvi) zustad emTxveva, xolo
fiWvis magivrad Canacvlebulia vazi. es cvlileba swored gan-
sxvavebuli kuTxiT warmoaCens mcxeTaSi ganxorcielebul sas-
wauls. vazis simbolika mniSvnelovan adgils ikavebs mcxeTur
misteriaSi. aq ukve vazi uSualod monawileobs qristianuli
jvris warmosaxvaSi. gavixsenoT, rom TviT wminda ninos jvaric
swored vazis nasxlavisganaa Seqmnili.
vfiqrobT, swored `moqcevaSi~ mocemuli am sami simboluri
xatis (vazi, naZvi da alva) erTarsad warmosaxvas gamoxatavs
sagalobeli `Sen xar venaxi~. masSi mocemuli epiTetebiT mi-
emarTeba sveticxovels, romelic, Tavis mxriv, `msaxebelia~
yovladwmida RvTismSoblisa.
sagaloblis meore strofis pirvel striqonSi (`Sen xar ve-
naxi, axlad ayvavebuli~), cxadia, sruliad garkveviT vazi igu-
lisxmeba. mesame striqonSic araferia saeWvo, rom aq samoTxi-
seul surnelovan alvaze mieTiTeba (àlva sulneli samoTxiT
gamosruli~). dazustebas saWiroebs mxolod meore striqoni
- 382 -
— `morCi keTili, edemSi danerguli~.
zemoT moyvanili msjeloba rom marTebuli iyos, aq edemSi
danergul morCSi libanidan mosuli naZvi unda igulisxme-
bodes.
rogorc irkveva, es motivic Zveli aRTqmidan momdinare-
obs da swored masSivea gacxadebuli xis vazad gardasaxvis
sulieri xati, rac sveticxovlis misteriis erT-erTi cen-
traluri Temaa.
winaswarmetyveli ezekieli gvauwyebs, rom arwivi `movida
libanidan da kenwero moawyvita naZvs; mostexa zemoTa ylorti,
waiRo qanaanis qveynad da movaWreTa qalaqSi dado.
aiRo im qveynis Tesli da CaTesa nayofier yanaSi; uxv
wylebTan dado da dargo tirifiviT.
aRmocenda da Seiqmna rtogaSlili da tandabali vazi, rom-
lis totebi arwivisken ixrebodnen da fesvebi misi mis qveS iyo,
Seiqmna vazi, rqa gamoiRo da gauSva totebi.~45
ese igi, libanis naZvidan mokveTili morCi nayofier miwaSi
dainerga da vazad gardaisaxa.
`moqceva~ samoTxes, anu edems uwodebs im baRs, sadac sve-
ticxovlis adgilas erTmaneTs Seerwya vazi, naZvi da alva. `Sen
xar venaxSic~ morCis danergvis adgilad swored edemi moixse-
nieba (`morCi keTili, edemSi daneguli~).
vfiqrobT, moyvanili msjeloba naTlad aCvenebs, rom demet-
re mefis sagaloblis pirveli sami striqoni sami gansxvavebu-
li epiTetiT sveticxovlis sam sulier aspeqts mianiSnebs da,
amave dros, cocxal svets miemarTeba rogorc RvTismSobels.
aqve SeiZleba aRvniSnoT, rom TbilisSi, petre-pavles
taZarSi arsebobs RvTismSoblis xati, romelsac `Sen xar ve-
naxi~ ewodeba.
sagaloblis bolo nawilSi RvTismSobeli, anu misi msa-
xebeli sveticxoveli gabrwyinebul mzed moixsenieba (`RmerT-
man Segamko, veravin gjobs qebuli, da TaviT TvisiT mze xar
gabrwyinvebuli~). mze, rogorc sulieri simbolo, ZiriTadad,
macxovris mimarT ixmareba da amjerad RvTismSobelTan dakav-
SirebiT misi moxseneba erTgvar dazustebas saWiroebs.
am sagalobelSi cocxal svets miemarTeba rogorc RvTis-
mSoblis gamomsaxvels, xolo sveticxovlis mimarT amgvari
epiTetis gamoyeneba, cxadia, araviTar uxerxulobas ar qmnis.
SeiZleba gavixsenoT aseve XII saukuneSi dawerili nikoloz
kaTalikosis `sakiTxavidanac~.
- 383 -
`gixaroden, mzeo dauvalo yovlad brwyinvaleo.~ 46
`kuarTo saRmrToo, romelsa zeda elvebr mzis saxed gna-
Tobs sueti yovlad wmida da uxilavad angelozTa dasni Zno-
biT galoben da qristesa akurTxeven ukunisamde.~47
rogorc vxedavT, am citatebSi sveticxoveli swored ga-
brwyinebul mzesTanaa Sedarebuli. ase rom, `Sen xar venaxSi~
amgvari Sedareba araviTar uxerxulobas ar unda iwvevdes.
sveticxovlis, rogorc xis simbolikis momcveli svetis
saxiT warmodgeniT, faqtobrivad, mivadeqiT mis meore sulier
aspeqts. pirvel SemTxvevaSi igi ganixileboda rogorc zeci-
dan daSvebuli cecxlovani sveti, romelic uaRresad maRal
sulier ierarqiebs ganasaxierebda. amjerad ki saxeze gvaqvs
sveticxovlis warmosaxva im svetis saxiT, romelic uSualod
samoTxiseuli sicocxlis xisgan momdinareobs da am gziT ukav-
Sirdeba golgoTis jvars.
marTlac, gadmocemis mixedviT, samoTxiseuli sicocxlis
xis morCidan, romelic wamoRebul iqna samoTxidan da mis ga-
reT dainerga, amoizarda is xe, romlidanac solomonis taZ-
risTvis gankuTvnili sveti daamzades, magram mSeneblobisas
ver SeZles misi gamoyeneba da iqve mdinareze xidad gades.
Semdeg amave xisgan iqna damzadebuli is jvari, romelzedac
macxovari gaakres golgoTaze. amis Semdeg es jvari dakarguli
iyo IV saukunemde. bizantiis moqcevis Semdeg elene dedofalma
ipova igi da kvlav aRmarTa. aseve saeklesio gadmocemis mixed-
viT, mogvianebiT es jvari danawevrebuli iqna mcire jvrebad
da mTel qveynierebas moefina.
`qarTlis moqceva~ swored analogiursave istorias
mogviTxrobs mcxeTis cocxali svetis Sesaxebac. isic damzade-
bul iqna mcxeTis samoTxeSi (ase uwodebs avtori aq arsebul
samefo baRs) mokveTili xisgan da gamoyenebul iqna taZris
mSeneblobisTvis. solomonis taZrisgan gansxvavebiT mcxeTaSi
moxerxda misi aRmarTeba. cota mogvianebiT es svetic daiSala
da mcire individualur jvrebad gardaiqmna, romlebic mTel
saqarTvelos moefina. Tavad sveticxovelTan dakavSirebiT
`moqceva~ saintereso suraT-xats gvTavazobs. jer Tavad sve-
tis aRmarTebas gvauwyebs, xolo Semdeg imave adgilas saswau-
lebrivi xisgan damzadebuli jvrisas. am gziT cocxali sveti
golgoTis jvarTan mimarTebaSi warmoisaxeba.
- 384 -
§ 5. RvTisSvil pirquSis saxe
sveticxovlis misteriaSi
rogorc vnaxeT, nikoloz kaTalikos-patriarqis `sakiTxav-

is~ erT-erT centralur Temas warmoadgenda cocxali svetis
suliwmidis msaxeblad moazreba, romelic, amave dros, yov-
ladwmida RvTismSobelsac ganasaxierebs. miuxedavad nikoloz
kaTalikosis maRali avtoritetisa, SesaZloa mainc gamoiTqvas
eWvi imis gamo, Tu ramdenad miRebuli iyo es saRvTismetyvelo
ideebi saqarTvelos sulier wreebSi.
SeiZleba vaCvenoT, rom `sakiTxavSi~ ganviTarebuli saRvTis-
metyvelo ideebi uaRresad did rols TamaSobda saqarTvelos
sxvadasxva sulieri wris msoflmxedvelobis CamoyalibebaSi. am
TvalsazrisiT, yvelaze ufro Zveli Sreebi fSav-xevsureTis
sakulto ritualebSia SemorCenili.
samwuxarod, xSirad Zalze cudadaa gagebuli am rituale-
bis qristianuli xasiaTi da isini xelaRebiT warmarTul gad-
monaSTebad miiCnevian.
SeuZlebelia am ritualebis xasiaTis sworad gageba, Tu ar
gaviTvaliswinebT im faqts, rom saqarTveloSi qristianobis
Semosvla axali welTaRricxvis pirvel saukuneebSi ierusa-
limidan moxda. amitomac im periodSi qristianuli ritualebi
ierusalimuri ganCinebis mixedviT sruldeboda, ese igi, wirva-
locva egreT wodebuli iakobis liturgiiT tardeboda.
mogvianebiT, roca pirvelma saeklesio krebebma konstan-
tinopolis primati daamkvidres da mkacrad gansazRvruli
dogmati Camoyalibda, saqarTveloSi am axali ganCinebis Canac-
vleba sakmaod rTulad ganxorcielda. kerZod, mTian kuT-
xeebSi mTlianad ver moxda es Canacvleba da aq ritualis saxe
kvlav ierusalimur ganCinebas eyrdnoboda. baris eklesiebSi
liturgia, rogorc Cans, ufro male daeqvemdebara konstanti-
nopolidan gavrcelebul kanonikas. ramdenadac ierusalimuri
ganCineba, ZiriTadad, fSav-xevsureTSi SemorCa, swored es unda
iyos mizezi imisa, rom aq mcxovrebi xalxis nawils barSi xevis
uriebs, anu xevsurebs uwodebdnen. xevsureTi, faqtobrivad,
niSnavs xevis ureTs.
saqarTvelos mTianeTSi dRemdis SemorCenili adaT-wesebi
naTlad metyveleben uSualo msgavsebas pirveli saukuneebis
liturgiuli formebisadmi.
erT-erTi niSandoblivi Tavisebureba fSav-xevsureTSi
- 385 -
gavrcelebuli qristianobis formisa isic aris, rom masSi
mJRavndeba ebrauli religiuri formisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
erT-erTi niSani — kerZod, RvTaebis saxelisadmi gansakuTre-
buli, sakraluri damokidebuleba. rogorc cnobilia, ebrae-
lebi ritualis aRsrulebisas ar warmoTqvamen RvTaebis saxels
— iahves da mas sxva saxeliT, adonaiT moixsenieben. RvTae-
bis saxelisadmi amgvari damokidebuleba, marTalia, mxolod
ebrauli samyarosTvis ar aris damaxasiaTebeli, magram aq es
sakiTxi Zalze mkveTradaa gamoxatuli.
sruliad marTebuladaa SemCneuli, rom fSav-xevsurul an-
drezebSi kvirias saxeSi swored ieso qriste igulisxmeba. ber-
Znuli warmomavlobis sityva `kvirios~ — (ùfali~) macxovris
epiTetis ucxo enaze SeniRbuli saxea.48
ramdenadac sulier arsTa saxelebis SeniRbva da maTi sxva
pirobiTi formebiT Secvla damaxasiaTebelia, erTi mxriv, az-
rovnebis ebrauli formisTvis da aqedan momdinare fSav-xev-
sureTSi gavrcelebuli qristianuli aRmsareblobisTvisac,
mosalodnelia, rom es saxelTcvlileba sxva SemTxvevebSic
mJRavndebodes. kerZod, vfiqrobT, rom analogiursave movle-
nas aqvs adgili suliwmidis saxelis gamosaxvisTvisac.
vfiqrobT, fSav-xevsurul andrezebSi moxsenebul RvTis-
SvilTagan pirquSis saxeSi suliwmidis mniSvneloba mJRavndeba.
amave dros masSi mocemulia ara mxolod suliwmidis zogadi
xati, aramed igi moazrebulia swored im saxiT, rogorc igi
gvxvdeboda nikoloz I kaTalikos-patriarqis `sakiTxavSi~, ese
igi, sveticxoveli, rogorc suliwmidis msaxebeli. pirquSs
miewereba, erTi mxriv, sveticxovlis, xolo, meore mxriv, su-
liwmidis, rogorc samebis erT-erTi hipostasis niSnebi. aqve
gaTvaliswinebulia sveticxovlis RvTismSoblisadmi mimarTe-
bis sakiTxic.
jer kidev vaJa-fSavelam SeamCnia, rom sxva RvTisSilTagan
gansxvavebiT pirquSis Sesaxeb erTob cota gadmocema arsebobs
(`vrcels ambebs imis moqmedebisas xalxur zepirsityvierebaSi
vera vpoulobT~)..49 imave zepirsityvierebaSi Zalze Zunwadaa
warmodgenili miTosis kosmogoniuri mxarec. marTalia, eWvi
ar aris, rom morige RmerTis arsi qristianul mama-RmerTs
Seesabameba, magram mis mier ganxorcielebul Sesaqmeze vrclad
ar aris moTxrobili. naTqvamia, rom igi dambadebelia cisa
da miwisa, xolo uSualod miwaze igi Tavad ki ar moqmedebs,
aramed mis mier Camogzavnili RvTisSvilebi. `morige RmerTs
- 386 -
arasodes dautovia Tavisi kari caSi, romlis maxloblad er-
TaderT RvTisSvils kvirias udgas karavi~. swored igia morige
RmerTis mokarve, `msgavsad misi marjveniT mjdomarisa — misi
Zali da samarTali~.50 amave dros, RmerTamde misvlac swored
kviriaTi xdeba, anu igia RvTis kari:
`pirvelad RmerTi vaxsenoT, is ufro didebulia,

memre vadidoT kvirae, kvirae karaRvTisia.~
am leqsSi uSualod saxarebiseuli motivia mocemuli, sa-

dac naTqvamia, rom RmerTTan veravin miva macxovris gareSe.
ase rom, morige RmerTis saxeliT fSav-xevsuruli gadmo-
cemebi iuwyebian samebis pirvel hipostasze — mama-RmerTze,
xolo kviriaSi igulisxmeba meore hipostasi — Ze, anu ieso
qriste.
bunebrivia, analogiur konteqstSi unda arsebobdes same-
bis mesame hipostasis epiTeturi gamomsaxvelobac.
am epiTetis gasarkvevad gavixsenoT ramdenime ritualuri
sadidebeli, romlebic fSav-xevsureTis xatobebze srulde-
ba. niSandoblivia, rom am sadideblebs sakmaod zustad gan-
sazRvruli struqtura aqvs. rogorc wesi, pirveli mimarTva
ekuTvnis morige RmerTs, Semdeg xdeba kvirias moxsenieba. sa-
didebelTa did umravlesobaSi amgvari mimarTvebidan mxolod
pirveli samia rigobrivi nomriT aRniSnuli da advilad Se-
vamCnevT, rom es sami mimarTva swored samebis sam hipostass
ekuTvnis.
pirveli mimarTva yovelTvis mama-RmerTisadmia miZRvnili,
xolo meore kviriasadmi, anu Zisadmi. bunebrivia, am Tanmimdev-
robaSi mesame mimarTva, romelic amave dros rigobrivi nomris
xazgasmiTacaa dafiqsirebuli, suliwmidas unda gulisxmobdes
da, ese igi, mis erT-erT epiTets unda Seicavdes.
magaliTad, xevsureTis sofel bacaligoSi pirquSis xato-
baze amgvari sadidebeli warmoiTqmis:51
`wina Wiqa-barZimzeda Sen gadidas,

gagimarjos, RmerTo maRalo!
meore Wiqa-barZimiTa, sanTel-sufriTa Sen gadidas-d
gagimarjos, kviriav xTis makarveo!
mesame Wiqa-barZimiTa, sanTel-sufriTa Sen gadidas-d
gagimarjos, saxmTo RubisTav svetis angelozo.
- 387 -
aem Wiqa-barZimiTa, sanTel-sufriTa Sen gadidas,
gagimarjos, pirquSo cecxlis-aliano.
gagimarjos, pirquSo alvis tanisad myolo angelozo.
gagimarjos, pirquSo mederbaseo angelozo.
aem Wiqa-barZimiTa, sanTel-sufriTa Tqven gadidasT,
gagimarjosT, pirquS molaSere-morazmeno.~
..........
rogorc vxedavT, pirveli, anu `wina Wiqa-barZimiT~ moix-

senieba maRali RmerTi, `meore Wiqa-barZimiT~ — kviria, xolo
`mesame Wiqa-barZimiT~ — `saxmTo RubisTav svetis angelozi~.
Semdeg nomeracia aRar mieTiTeba da zedized oTxjer moix-
senieba pirquSi misi sxvadasxva aspeqtiT. pirvelad rogorc
cecxlis-aliani, meored — alvis tanisad myoli angelozi, me-
samed — mama-RmerTis mederbase, anu medarbaze angelozi da
meoTxed ukve ididebian pirquSis molaSqre-morazmeni.
ras SeiZleba niSnavdes sadideblis `mesame Wiqa-barZimiT~
moxsenebuli `saxmTo RubisTav svetis angelozi”?
vfiqrobT, swored es epiTeti gansazRvravs suliwmidis,
rogorc samebis mesame hipostasis moazrebas cocxali svetis
saxiT.
gavixsenoT, rom nikoloz I kaTalikos-patriarqi `sveti-
cxovlis sakiTxavSi~ swored imas ganmartavda, rom sveti-
cxoveli warmoadgens suliwmidis gancxadebas da, amave dros,
sveticxoveli aris igive is sveti, romelic ebrael ers si-
nas udabnoSi RamiT cecxlovan svetad ecxadeboda da dRisiT
Rrublad. am Rrublis Tavidan ki Tavad ufali esaubrebo-
da moses. sadidebelSi mocemuli `saxmTo RubisTav sveti~,
anu `saRmrTo RrublisTaviani sveti~ swored am suraT-xats
ganacxadebs. igi warmoadgens cocxali svetis saxiT gacxade-
buli suliwmidis epiTets. sadidebelSic am fragments swored
mesame adgili ukavia da samebis hipostasTa CamonaTvalSi mam-
RmerTisa da kvirias, anu Zis Semdeg moixsenieba.
ramdenadac gansaxilveli sadidebeli pirquSis xatobaze
sruldeba, bunebrivia, samebis Semdeg uSualod pirquSisadmia
mimarTva, magram amjerad Zalze mniSvnelovania, Tu ra epi-
TetebiT moixsenieba es RvTisSvili.
rogorc vTqviT, pirvelad igi cecxlis-alianad iwodeba.
- 388 -
marTlac, pirquSis umTavresi epiTeti swored amgvarad gamoi-
yureba. igi iwodeba `pircecxlis angelozad~, àlianad~, gadmo-
cemebis mixedviT, mas aqvs `cxrafesviani cecxlovani maTraxi~.
xalxuri gadmocemis mixedviT, pirquSi sanam RvTisSvili
gaxdeboda, mWedeli yofila. amave gadmocemaSi uSualod isic
mieTiTeba, rom gardacvalebis Semdeg igi suliwmidad gvev-
lineba.
èsr mWedel yofil pirquSi da iseT wmida kac yofil ro,
ro momkvdar xTis nasaxad gadaqceul. memr ro sulwmidad gad-
aqceul axads.~52
marTalia, am citataSi moxsenebuli termini `sulwmida~
ar SeiZleba pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT gavigoT rogorc samebis
hipostasi, radgan fSav-xevsureTSi sxva RvTisSvilTa mimarTac
ixmareba es gamoTqma, magram TavisTavad pirquSis gaRvTiure-
bis gadmocemis forma mainc mravlismetyvelia.
vfiqrobT, amgvari cecxlovani saxiT warmodgena srul
simetriaSia mcxeTaSi cecxlis saxiT Camosul sveticxovelTan,
magram arseboben gadmocemebi, romlebic kidev ufro azuste-
ben am paralels.
pirquSi adamianuri yofis Jams Zalze lamazi yofila da
bevr qals (zog versiaSi 60, zogSi ki 23) hyvarebia. maTgan rom
Tavi daeRwia, RmerTisTvis uTxovia, iseTi ram dammarTe, rom
maT aRar vuyvardeo. RmerTma daavadeba `yvaili~ mouvlina.
`yvailma~ ise daumaxinja saxe, rom sami qalis garda yvelam
Tavi daaneba.
gadmocemis mixedviT, roca pirquSi daiZinebda, mis mxarTa
Sua sinaTlis sveti anaTebda (`raxan daiZinisav, mxarT SuaSiiT
Suq amavardisaod gaanaTisav iqaobaiv. sxodac manaTis odnav
xqondisav mxarT SuaSiav TeTr kveriv. lamazic imiT yofil ro,
nawilian evseTai as yvelaze Zalian lamazi, isiT xorcni xqon
ro mzesaviT Suqs uSoben~ 53).
rogorc vxedavT, pirquSis sxeulebrivi agebulebac ki
manaTobeli saxiTaa warmodgenili, Tumca isic mieTiTeba, rom
mas pirisaxe Zalze damaxinjebuli hqonda. sxva gadmocemebSi
igi Zalze ganawyenebuli gamoiyureba da zogjer piridan cecx-
lsac afrqvevs. rogorc Cans, misi saxelic (`pirquSi~) swored
aqedan momdinareobs.
miuxedavad misi saxis pirquSi gamometyvelebisa, sxeuli
mzesaviT anaTebs da mxarTa Soris sinaTlis sveti gamokrTis.
vfiqrobT, swored es epiTetebi gansazRvraven sadidebelSi
- 389 -
mocemul suliwmidis gansazRvrebas — saRmrTo RrublisTavian
svetis angelozs.
pirquSis saxe RrubeliviT pirquSad gamoiyureba, magram
es Rrubeli amave dros aris manaTobeli svetis saRmrTo Tavi
(`saxmTo RubisTavi~), ese igi, `saxmTo RubisTav svetis an-
gelozi~ aris samebis mesame wevris suliwmidis epiTeti, xolo
misi personifikacia mocemulia RvTisSvil pirquSSi.
sadidebelSi mocemuli Semdgomi epiTetebi kidev ufro
ganamtkiceben gamoTqmul azrs.
rogorc vTqviT, pirquSis meored moxseniebisas igi Sedare-
bulia alvis xes — `pirquSo alvis tanisad myolo angelozo~.
alvis xis simbolos uaRresad didi adgili ukavia fSav-
xevsurul religiur warmodgenebSi. xevsureTis umTavres su-
lier centrad moazrebulia xmalas alvis xe, romelsac, an-
drezis Tanaxmad, wmida mironi swveTda gamudmebiT da iqve
mis Ziras Camarxul qvevrebSi grovdeboda, raTa iqidan mTeli
xevsureTis salocavebSi ganawilebuliyo. adgili, sadac miro-
nis wyaroa, wmida saymos Suagulad unda viguloT, rogorc
mTeli qristianuli saqarTvelosTvis sveticxoveli, rome-
lic, saeklesio legendis Tanaxmad, mironmdinari alvis xis
adgilzea agebuli.54
ara mxolod fSav-xevsureTSi, aramed TiTqmis mTel saqarT-
veloSi gavrcelebulia alvis xesTan dakavSirebuli kidev erTi
motivi, sadac alvis xe nayofad yurZens isxams. am leqsis mra-
valricxovani variaciebidan SeiZleba erT-erTze mivuTiToT:
`Cvenis batonis karzeda

xe alvad amosulao,
wverad mausxam yurZeni,
saWmelad Camasulao,
magis uWmeli qal-vaJi
udrood daSaulao.~
yurZenmosxmuli alvis xis xatic swored sveticxovlis

erT-erTi imaginaciuri saxea. mcxeTis cocxal svetSic swored
babilo, anu xe-vazi da mironmdeni alva erwymian erTmaneTs.
ase rom, pirquSis mimarT àlvis tanisad myoli angelozis~
epiTetis miniWeba erTxel kidev mianiSnebs misi, rogorc coc-
xali svetis, anu suliwmidis personifikaciad moazrebas.
gansaxilvel sadidebelSi pirquSis mesame epiTetad moxse-
- 390 -
nebulia misi mederbaseoba — `pirquSo mederbaseo angelozo~.
gadmocemebis mixedviT, pirquSs neba aqvs RvTis karze
aitanos maxvewarTa sityva da samsaxuri. RmerTis darbazobaze
ki xdeba am vedrebaTa gansja-ganxilva. amitomac ewodeba mas
RmerTis mederbase, anu medarbaze. qristianuli gagebiT, su-
liwmidac xom swored nugeSismcemelia kacobriobisTvis.
sadidebelSi moixseniebian pirquSis `molaSqre-morazme-
nic~, ese igi, is sulieri arsebebi, romlebic pirquSis laSqars
Seadgenen da mas moRvaweobaSi exmarebian. fSav-xevsurul
zepirsityvierebaSi es sakiTxic uaRresad Taviseburadaa war-
modgenili.
rogorc cnobilia, RvTaebis maradqaluri aspeqti samebis
hipostasTagan swored suliwmidaSia gamovlenili. amdenad,
Tu pirquSi marTlac ganmacxadebelia suliwmidis saxisa, igi
aucileblad unda ukavSirdebodes mdedrobiT aspeqts. mar-
Tlac, rogorc irkveva, pirquSis amqveyniuri moRvaweoba
mWidrod yofila dakavSirebuli mis laSqar-dobilebTan. baca-
ligos jvris pirquSis laSqar-dobilebi Turme frinvelTa sa-
xiT Camodian cidan. `pirquSis laSqarni dasaSveleblad frin-
veliviT Cqarad mifrindebodesad gaanadgurebdes pirquSis
ymaT mters . . . dobilni saTamaSod gamodiodes mzis amosvlis
da mzis Casvlis dros . . .~55
es dobilni `dadiodes sayuriadodacad, yurobdes wuxr-
wuxr ras vin ambobd, an fiqrobd, aucileblad cuds ar aaci-
lebdes eseTs kacs, vinc cuds ambobd, Tu kas vin ambobda, kas
vin fiqrobd jvarTadacad kacdac, is kidev kas ar maSCebod.
mividodes dobilnid pirquSs uambobdes yvelas, raic naxesad
gaiges~.56
am gadmocemidan aSkarad Cans, rom pirquSi yoveli adami-
anis yoveldRiur qmedebasTan da fiqrTanac ki swored Tavisi
dobilebiT, anu mdedrobiTi aspeqtiT yofila dakavSirebuli.
amave dros mniSvnelovania pirquSis dobilebis Sedareba cidan
Camosul frinvelebTanac, ramdenadac es xati kargadaa cno-
bili wminda werilidan. igi swored suliwmidas ganasaxierebs.
nikoloz kaTalikos-patriarqis `sakiTxavSic~ miniSnebu-
lia, rom sveticxoveli suliwmidis garda RvTismSoblis msa-
xebelicaa. sainteresoa, rom analogiuri idea vlindeba fSav-
xevsurul sadidebelSic.
xevsureTSi barisaxos kviriasadmi miZRvnil xatobaze am-
gvari sadidebeli warmoiTqmis:
- 391 -
wina sanTel-Wiqa-barZimzeda Sen gadidas,
gagimarjos, maRalo RmerTo.
aem sanTel-Wiqa-barZimzeda Sen gadidas,
gagimarjos, kviraa xTis karze karviano.
gagimarjos, RubisTav svetis angelozo.
gagimarjos, xTisSobelo.
gagimarjos, saxmTo-saxates mdgomo angelozo.
gagimarjos, pirquSo cecxlis-aliano.~
............
am sadidebelSi pirveli sami mimarTva wina magaliTis
msgavsadaa daculi, magram pirquSis cecxlis-alianad warmod-
genamde moixsenieba RvTismSobeli.
bevr sadidebelSi mesame mimarTvaSi, romelic, Cveulebriv,
suliwmidas unda exebodes, pirdapir moixsenieba RvTismSo-
beli:
`wina Wiqa-barZimiTa Sen gadidas,
gagimarjos, maRalo RmerTo!
meore sanTel-Wiqa-barZimiTa Sen gadidas,
gagimarjos, dido kvirea.
mesame Wiqa-barZimiTa Sen gadidas,
gagimarjos RmerTma, xelmwife xTiSobelo.
aem Wiqa-barZimiTa Sen gadidas,
gagimarjos, Tavado goris angelozo.~
...........
yovladwmida RvTismSoblisa da RvTisSvil pirquSis mi-
marTeba aseve sainteresod vlindeba maTdami miZRvnil xat-
salocavebis urTierTobaSi. magaliTad, fSavis sofel WiCoSi,
faqtobrivad, erT kompleqsSia gaerTianebuli pirquSis xatis,
Tavadi mTavarangelozis xatisa da deda-RvTismSoblis salo-
cavebi. maT aqvT saerTo sadasturo, salude, anu saqobe, dar-
bazi da beReli.
WiCos Temis umTavresi dResaswauli swored mariamobas
(ese igi, axali stiliT 28 agvistos) imarTeba da, rac Zalze
mniSvnelovania, RvTismSoblisa da pirquSisadmi miZRvnil am
erTobliv dResaswauls amave dros sveticxovlobac ewodeba.57
pirquSisa da RvTismSoblis xatebSi arsebuli erToblivi
- 392 -
dResaswauli da am dResaswaulis sveticxovlobad moxseneba,
cxadia, erTxel kidev adasturebs im sakralur kavSirs, rasac
jer kidev mcxeTur misteriaSi vxvdebiT da, rogorc Cans, mTis
saRvTismetyvelo warmodgenebSic analogiurad moiazreba.
msgavsive mdgomareobaa xevsureTis sofel gveleTSic, sa-
dac adgilisdeda RvTismSoblis salocavi pirquSis `sabrZanis-
Tan~ erTadaa warmodgenili.58
bacaligoSi, sadac pirquSis umTavresi sabrZanisia, aseve
analogiur suraTs vxvdebiT. aqac xatis axlos adgilisdeda
RvTismSoblis salocavia.
vfiqrobT, warmodgenili masala naTlad aCvenebs, rom
saqarTvelos mTianeTis religiur warmodgenebSi swored
RvTisSvili pirquSi warmoadgens samebis mesame hipostasis — su-
liwmidis personofikacias. igi im saxiTaa moazrebuli, rogorc
mcxeTur misteriaSi, sadac sveticxovelia msaxebeli, erTi mxriv,
suliwmidis da, meore mxriv, yovladwmida RvTismSoblisa.
amjerad Cven ar SevudgebiT im sakiTxis ganxilvas, Tu ram-
denad zustad Seesabamebian fSav-xevsureTis kultmsaxurebaSi
areklili es motivebi saRvTismetyvelo kanonikas suliwmidisa
da RvTismSoblis urTierTmimarTebis Sesaxeb. ubralod gvinda
vaCvenoT, rom mTiani saqarTvelos kultmsaxurebasa da xalxur
cnobierebaSi SemorCenili es warmodgenebi ZiriTadad im sulieri
winamZRvrebidan sazrdooben, romlebic jer kidev XII saukuneSi
nikoloz-kaTalikosis `sveticxovlis sakiTxavSic~ airekla.
SeiZleba SevniSnoT, rom mTis zepirsityvierebaSi pirquSis
saxes garkveuli miTosuri elementebic ukavSirdeba. magali-
Tad, erTi gadmocemiT igi koWli mWedeli yofila. `pirquSs
yvelaze adre gamouWedia saxnisi, culi, waldi da sxva rkineu-
li. xalxic Zalian afasebda. ityodnen: esaa Cveni RmerTio.~59
cxadia, pirquSis koWl mWedlad warmodgena paralels
qmnis Zvel berZnul RmerTTan hefestosTan, zevsis ZesTan,
romelic aseve koWli mWedlis saxiTaa cnobili. pirquSisagan
mWedlobis saidumlos xalxisadmi gadacema da maTTvis rkinis
iaraRebis damzadeba ki aSkarad promeTesTan dakavSirebul mo-
tivebs mogvagonebs.
amgvari paralelebis arseboba TavisTavad ar aris ucnau-
ri, radgan uZveles berZnul da qarTul kulturebs mravali
saerTo fesvi gaaCniaT, rac yvelaze cxadad swored maT miTo-
sur azrovnebaSi airekla.
- 393 -
Tavi XI
`moqcevis~ varskvlavTmetyveleba
da graalis misteria
§1. graalis misteriis aRmosavluri nakadi

Tavisi qristianuli arsiT graalis misteria uSualod gol-
goTis movlenidan iRebs saTaves. ioseb arimaTiels jvarcmuli
macxovris Wrilobidan gadmodenili sisxli da wyali iaspis
TasSi Seugrovebia. gadmocemis mixedviT, saidumlo serobisas,
romelic ioseb arimaTielis saxlSi gaimarTa, macxovars imave
Tasidan uziarebia mociqulebi. sxva gadmocemebis mixedviT,
graalis Tasis istoria maRali rangis zegrZnobadi movlen-
ebidan iRebs saTaves. mTavarangeloz miqaelisa da luciferis
zeciuri brZolisas luciferis gvirgvinidan iaspis qva miwaze
Camovardnila. misgan damzadebuli Tasi pirvelad sabas dedo-
falTan da solomon mefesTan moxvedrila. palestinis movle-
nebisas ki es Tasi ukve macxovris erT-erTi faruli mowafis
ioseb arimaTielis kuTvnileba yofila. aseve ioseb arimaTiels
gadautania graali Crdilo evropaSi.
graalis aRmosavleTidan dasavleTSi gadatanis Sesaxeb
ramdenime versia arsebobs.
Sua saukuneebis evropaSi werilobiTi cnobebi graalis
Sesaxeb pirvelad XII saukunis bolos Cndeba. 1180 wels didi
frangi poeti kretien de trua eposis formaSi pirvelad gad-
moscems graalis maZieblis ambavs.
odnav mogvianebiT, daaxloebiT 1190 wels, meore frangi
avtoris rober de boronis mier graalis Temaze Seqmnili
poema „ioseb arimaTieli“ qveyndeba. es teqsti avtoris mier
Cafiqrebuli vrceli poemis mxolod pirvel nawils warmoad-
gens. poema daumTavrebeli darCa, magram mxolod es pirveli
nawilic uaRresad Rirebulia.
XIII saukunis dasawyisSi graalis Temam germanul samyaroSi
gadainacvla. volfram fon eSenbaxma SesaniSnav poetur forma-
Si gadmosca kretien de truas mier dawyebuli Tematika. es po-
ema winamorbedebTan SedarebiT ufro srulyofilad gvawvdis
- 394 -
graalTan dakavSirebul motivebs.
daaxloebiT 1270-1280 wlebSi qveyndeba graalis Temaze
Seqmnili kidev erTi saintereso poema. mis avtorad albrext
Sarfenbergeli iTvleba. masSi axali, mniSvnelovani motivebia
warmoCenili. aq detaluradaa gadmocemuli graalis koSkis
aRweriloba. amave poemaSi aseve detaluradaa mocemuli graa-
lis mcvelTa warmomavlobac.
rober de boronma pirvelma warmoaCina graalis kavSiri
golgoTis movlenebTan. avtoris TqmiT, graali is Tasia, rom-
lidanac macxovarma saidumlo serobisas mociqulebi aziara,
jvarcmisas macxovris Wrilobidan gadmodenili sisxli ioseb
arimaTielma amave TasSi Seagrova.
rober de boroni gviyveba ioseb arimaTielisa da misi mim-
devrebis im qmedebebze, rac graalis wminda Tasis aRmosav-
leTidan dasavleTSi gadatanas ukavSirdeba. am SemTxvevaSi,
graalis Tasis gadatanis areali uelsamdec ki igulisxmeba.
sxva teqstebis mixedviT, graalis koSkis adgilsamyofelad
espaneTis an safrangeTis sxvadasxva adgili moiazreba. yvela
avtorTan vxvdebiT miniSnebebs, rom am koSkis Zebna erT rome-
lime gansazRvrul adgilze ar aris marTebuli. graalis koSki
grZnobadis miRmier sferoSia. volfram fon eSenbaxi ambobs,
rom, roca parcifali graalis koSkSi moxvda, mas im manZilis
daZleva mouwia, romlis dafarva frinvelsac ki gauWirdebo-
da.
sulieri TvalsazrisiT, graali warmodgenilia rogorc
macxovris impulsis Sinagani gancda, romelic adamianis
gulTan ufroa dakavSirebuli, vidre mis saRvTismetyvelo
ganaTlebasTan. es gancda TavisTavad gardaqmnis, akeTilSobi-
lebs adamianis Sinagan bunebas, ganwmends mas vnebebisa da sxva
qvena instinqtebisgan. ramdenadac adamianis Sinagani bunebis
gardaqmnis analogiur process Zveli berZnebi òqros sawmisis~
suraT-xatiT gamosaxavdnen, qristianul epoqaSi graali war-
modgenil iqna rogorc axali drois òqros sawmisi~, romelic
aRmosavleTidan dasavleTSi iqna gadatanili.
fizikur planSi graalis misteria mxolod qristiano-
bis dasawyisSi arsebobda evropaSi. male igi gadatanil iqna
zegrZnobad sferoebSi da VIII saukunemde sulieri ierarqiebis
gamgeblobaSi imyofeboda.
swored VIII saukunis Semdgom periodSi evropuli cnobiere-
ba mZime krizisSi aRmoCnda. rogorc ukve aRiniSna, es krizisi
- 395 -
gamowveul iqna im mniSvnelovani cvlilebebis Sedegad, rom-
lebic sulier sferoebSi moxda, kerZod, adamianTa azrovnebi-
Ti unaris gamgebloba mTavrobaTa ierarqiidan gadanacvlebul
iqna sawyisTa ierarqiaSi.
am dros mkveTrad daqveiTda sulieri samyaros uSualo
gancdis unari, ris gamoc aucilebeli Seiqna gansakuTrebuli
ezoteruli moZraobis Camoyalibeba, romlis umTavres amoca-
nas swored qristianobis arsis Sinagani gancda warmoadgenda.
evropaSi graalis moZraoba daarsebul iqna VIII saukuneSi ti-
turelis mier.
VIII-IX saukuneebSi graalis misteria, faqtobrivad, wina-
rekulturuli epoqebidan momdinare ezoteruli sibrZnis
aRorZinebas warmoadgenda. es warmarTuli sibrZne qristianu-
lad iqna gadaazrebuli da, amdenad, mTlianad qristianuli
formiT Camoyalibda.
graalis misteriebis ganviTarebis Semdgomi safexuri,
romelic ukve amfortass ukavSirdeba, ukve mWidrod uaxlovde-
ba adamianuri samSvinvelis im formas, romelic Tanadroul
tendenciebs gamoxatavs. rogorc aRvniSneT, adamianuri gan-
sjiTi unaris ganviTarebasTan erTad dasavlur sulier cxov-
rebaSi mkveTri disharmoniac aRiniSna. adamianuri samSvinvelis
Zveli da axali unarebis aRrevam da urTierTdapirispirebam
Sinagani ganxeTqileba da tragikuli gaoreba gamoiwvia.
dasavleTis sulier cxovrebaSi warmoSobili es krizisu-
li mdgomareoba naTladaa gamosaxuli amfortasis pirovnul
tragediaSi. mis samSvinvelSi momxdari dacemis procesi fizi-
kuri sxeulis donezedac ki vlindeba. amfortasi saSineli
tkivilebisagan itanjeba da mouTmenlad elis mxsnelis gamoCe-
nas. warmoSobili disharmoniis dasaZlevad adamianuri samSvin-
velis axali unarebis gamomuSavebaa saWiro, rasac warmatebiT
axerxebs parcifali.
Zveli Crdilouri misteriebisgan gansxvavebiT, graalis
misteriebSi adamianuri `me~ gamokveTilad adamianuri arsebis
SigniTaa mimarTuli da qristes impulsis samSvinvelis wiaRSi
gancdisaken miiswrafvis.
mas Semdeg, rac parcifalma graalis misteria ixsna da igi
samSvinvelis axal safexurze iqna aTvisebuli, es misteria miwi-
eri samyarodan kvlav sulier samyaroSi gadavida, sadac wminda
Tasis mcvelebi kvlav gaxdnen ierarqiuli arsebebi da micvale-
bulTa rCeuli sulebi.1 ramdenadac parcifalis moRvaweobis
- 396 -
xanad X saukune igulisxmeba, cxadia, wminda Tasis zegrZnobad
sferoebSi gadatana swored amis Semdeg unda momxdariyo.
graalis misteriebis miwier planSi arsebobis periodSi isini
daxurul misteriebs warmoadgendnen da SemTxveviT pirovnebas
aranairad ar SeeZlo masTan ziareba. parcifalis Semdeg, sak-
maod mogvianebiT, mxolod meTormete saukunis bolos iqmneba
pirveli Ria teqsti, romelic farTo sazogadoebas saSualebas
aZlevs nawilobriv mainc eziaros graalis saidumloebebs.
am gziT graalis misteriebis nawili gamotanil iqna sayo-
velTao aRqmisTvis — is, rac manamde iyo Sinagani, amjerad
garegani formiT mogvevlina.
am movlenis umTavresi mizezi imaSi mdgomareobda, rom im
periodSi ukve iwyeboda kidev erTi uaRresad Rrma krizisi,
romelic kacobriobis sulier cxovrebas mniSvnelovan prob-
lemebs uqmnida.
sulieri TvalsazrisiT, es krizisi gamowveul iqna imis Se-
degad, rom XIII saukunis Sua xanebisTvis ukve mzaddeboda mniS-
vnelovani cvlilebebi, romlebic sulieri ierarqiebis doneze
vlindeboda. Tu am dromde kacobriobis sulieri ierarqiebidan
winamZRoloba, ZiriTadad, sawyisTa ierarqiidan momdinareobda,
amjerad es funqciebi TandaTan mTavarangelozTa ierarqias
gadaeca. am gardamaval periodSi mkveTrad `daibinda~ sulieri
samyaros Wvretis unari. Seqmnil qaosur mdgomareobas Sedegad
isic mohyva, rom sakacobrio cxovrebis inspiraciaSi negatiuri
sulieri Zalebi gaaqtiurdnen. istoriul procesSi am ZalTa
uSualo gamovlinebas Sedegad mohyva monRolur samyaroSi Se-
qmnili mZlavri luciferuli gaerTianeba, romelmac im pro-
cesebis impulsireba moaxdina, rac monRolTa farTomasStabian
eqspansiaSi gamoixata. es laSqrobebi sakacobrio civilizaci-
isaTvis katastrofuli SedegebiT damTavrda. marTalia, mon-
Rolebs Sua evropamde ar SeuRweviaT, magram negatiur ZalTa
moqmedebis Sedegebi evropaSic mkveTrad gamovlinda.
ramdenadac aRniSnuli problemebi ukve naTlad vlinde-
bian XII saukunis bolos, aucilebeli xdeba graalis misterie-
bidan momdinare impulsebis farTo masebSi gadatana. swored
amgvari aucileblobiT iyo gamowveuli is, rom graalis mis-
teriebi ukve eposur formaSic ki gadmoica. igi saerTo sa-
xalxo kuTvnilebad iqca.
imave mizeziT SeiZleba aixsnas is faqti, rom analogiur
movlenebs hqonda adgili imdroindeli civilizebuli sam-
- 397 -
yaros mraval sferoSi.
swored aRniSnuli krizisis periodSi ezoteruli codnis
`gaxalxurebis~ procesi TiTqmis yvela regionSi aRiniSneba.
dante aligieri SesaniSnav poetur formaSi gadmoscems saidum-
lo RvTismetyvelebis uRrmes saidumloebebs. Tu qristianobis
pirvel saukuneebSi dionise areopagelidan momdinare zeciuri
ierarqiebis aRweriloba mxolod viwro samonastro sferoebSi
ganixileboda, am ierarqiebis da, saerTod, sulieri samyaros
sxvadasxva sferosTan dakavSirebuli movlenebis umTavresi
Taviseburebebi amjerad saero poeziis daxvewili formiT iqna
gadmocemuli.
imave periodSi xdeba sqolastikis Camoyalibebac. Toma
aqvinelisa da misi Tanamoazreebis Zalisxmeva swored iqiTaa
mimarTuli, rom sulieri samyaros inspiraciisa da adamianis
azrovnebiTi SesaZleblobebis sruliad axleburi urTier-
Tobis pirobebSi gamomuSavebul iqnas Semecnebis Sesabamisi
formebi. adamianur unarebs sruliad axleburi saxiT eZlevaT
gamovlenis SesaZlebloba. faqtobrivad, swored sqolastikiT
eyreba safuZveli mecnierul-teqnikuri progresis Semdgom
aRmavlobas.
XIII saukunis saetapo movlenebs Taviseburad gamoexmaura
ebrauli samyaroc. samxreT evropaSi gabneulma ebraulma Te-
mebma moaxerxes iudaizmis uZvelesi tradiciebi axali epoqis
CarCoebSi gadmoecaT. Tavad ebrauli samyaros imdroindeli
mdgomareobisa da religiuri cxovrebis wesis Taviseburebi-
dan gamomdinare, es uZvelesi ezoteruli sibrZne, marTalia,
xalxur eposSi ar gadaRvrila, magram misi werilobiTi gad-
mocema kabalis saxiT axali epoqis tendenciebze reagirebas
mianiSnebda.
msgavsive movlenebi aRiniSna aRmosavleTSic, kerZod,
saqarTveloSic. XII saukunis bolosa da XIII saukunis saqar-
TveloSi, anu Tamaris mefobis periodSi, samefo karis
davalebiT iqmneba ramdenime umniSvnelovanesi werilobiTi Zeg-
li, romelTa ZiriTadi mizanic swored isaa, rom Zveli sibrZne
axali epoqis suliskveTebiT gadmoices. maTgan SeiZleba gansa-
kuTrebiT gamoiyos rusTvelis `vefxistyaosani~ da nikoloz I
kaTalikosis `sveticxovlis sakiTxavi~.2
rogorc zemoT ukve iyo aRniSnuli, rusTvelis `vefxistyao-
sanSi~ asaxul iqna georgianuli saqarTvelos sulieri cxov-
rebis umniSvnelovanesi Taviseburebebi. saero Txzulebis
- 398 -
formaSi gadmocemul iqna miqaeluri qristianobis is uRrme-
si saidumloebebi, romlebic mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravdnen
qristianuli saqarTvelos religiuri cxovrebis georgianul
xasiaTs, mis ZiriTad tendenciebs.
ramdenadac es georgianuli nakadi Zalze mWidrod ukav-
Sirdeboda saqarTveloSi RvTismSoblis kultis gamovline-
bis aseve Tavisebur qristianul nakads, Tamaris samefo karze
saWirod CaiTvala axali epoqis poziciebidan momxdariyo misi
interpretaciac. ramdenadac `qarTlis moqcevaSi~ gadmoce-
muli imaginaciuri saxeebis aRqma ukve rTul problemas war-
moadgenda, nikoloz kaTalikoss daevala misi komentirebis
gziT sazogadoebis ufro farTo fenebSi gamoetana `moqce-
vis~ saRvTismetyvelo problemebi. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom
RvTismSobelTan dakavSirebuli religiuri impulsebi saqar-
Tvelos centralur mesianistur ideas ukavSirdebian, saWirod
ar CaiTvala am teqstis sruli gaxalxureba da igi viwro mo-
nastruli wreebidan mxolod eklesiuri cxovrebis SedarebiT
farTo masebSi gamovida. `sveticxovlis sakiTxavi~ sveticxov-
lis dResaswaulze liturgiis procesSi sakiTxavad Seiqmna.
rogorc iTqva, graalis misteriebi analogiuri proce-
sis dasavlur formaSi ganxorcielebas warmoadgenda. Tavad
garegnuli teqstebic droTa ganmavlobaSi farTovdeboda da
ixveweboda.
kretien de truas mier aRwerili oqros sasmisi eSenbaxTan
saswaulebrivi qviT icvleba. volfram fon eSenbaxi graals
ukve saswaulebrivi qvis saxiT warmoadgens. es qva zeciuri
warmomavlobisaa. yovel vnebis xuTSabaTs masze cidan mtredi
eSveba da xdeba misi cxovelmyofeli Zalis ganaxleba. am uwye-
biT graalis istoria ara Tu golgoTis movlenebidan, aramed
ufro Soreuli warsulidan iRebs dasabams. qvis zecidan miRe-
bis ambavi gacilebiT adreul epoqaSi igulisxmeba.
volfram fon eSenbaxi xazgasmiT miuTiTebs, rom, miuxeda-
vad imisa, rom graalis saidumlos srulyofili gageba mxolod
qristianulad monaTlulisTvisaa SesaZlebeli, igi garkveuli
saxiT warmarTul epoqaSic iyo cnobili. vinme flegetanisma
jer kidev qristianuli naTlobis arsebobamde Seicno graalis
saidumlo.
flegetanisi yofila bunebis saidumloTa Rrmad mcodne,
SesaniSnavad erkveoda varskvlavTa moZraobis saidumloebebsa
da maTTan dakavSirebul adamianTa bedisweraSi. varskvlavuri
- 399 -
damwerlobis codnam igi miiyvana im saidumlos Secnobamde,
rasac graali ewodeba. Semdeg aRniSnulia, rom flegetanisis
deda ebraeli iyo, mama ki im warmarTuli Stodan, romelic
xaris kults scemda Tayvans. amavdroulad, flegetanisis war-
momavloba solomonis Stodan momdinareobda.
rogorc vxedavT, volfram fon eSenbaxi graalis istori-
is erT-erT sakvanZo wertils solomonis epoqas ukavSirebs.
eSenbaxis es miniSneba aSkarad solomonis Tanamedrove xurams
gulisxmobs. xuramis mama finikieli warmarTi iyo, igi xaris
kults scemda Tayvans, deda ebraeli hyavda (bibliis mixedviT,
igi nefTalimis Stodan iyo). swored xurami gaxldaT is xuroT-
moZRvari, romelmac ierusalimSi solomonis taZari aago.
solomonis taZris dangrevis Semdeg sxvadasxva sulier mim-
dinareobaSi damkvidrda tradicia, romlis Tanaxmadac xurami
yvela im saqmianobis moZRvrad da mamamTavrad unda miCneu-
liyo, rac kacobriobis „uxilavi taZris“ agebas gulisxmobs.
eSenbaxTan graalis raindebi „metaZreebad“ iwodebian. isini
axali taZris saidumloTa mcvelebi arian.
rogorc eSenbaxi aRniSnavs, graalis istoria man didi moZ-
Rvrisagan, kiotisgan icis. kioti provanseli gaxldaT. man Zvel
CanawerebSi aRmoaCina arabul enaze dawerili teqsti, romelic
parcifalis Sesaxeb iuwyeboda. am teqstis gulmodgine Seswav-
lis Semdeg man es istoria frangul enaze gadmosca.
Tavad teqstidanac naTlad Cans, rom graalTan dakavSire-
buli sulieri impulsebi aRmosavleTidan momdinareobs. graa-
lis misteria aRmosavluri da dasavluri sibrZnis sinTezia.
albrextTan aqcenti graalis gmirebis STamomavlobasa da
naTesaur kavSirebze keTdeba. avtori mTel genealogiur xes
agebs. igi mogviTxrobs kapadokiis mmarTvel vinme serabonis
Sesaxeb, romelsac sami vaJi hyavda. isini imperator vespasianes
mier warmoebul brZolebSi monawileobdnen. Zmebma Tavi gamo-
iCines ierusalimis aRebis dros. erT-erT maTgans, beriluss
imperatorma sakuTari qaliSvili miaTxova. berilusma frankTa
mefis titulic miiRo. danarCeni ori Zmac dasavleTis same-
foTa gamgeblebi gaxdnen. samive Zma qristianulad moinaTla
da maT gamgeblobaSi myofi xalxic qristianebad moaqcia.
am monaTxrobSi SemTxveviT ar aris aRniSnuli, rom movle-
nebi ierusalimis aRebas ukavSirdeba. sulieri TvalsazrisiT,
aq im moZraobis dawyeba igulisxmeba, rac Zveli aRmosavluri
sibrZnis gadasarCenad mis dasavleTSi gadatanas gulisxmobs.
- 400 -
Zveli taZari ingreva da dRis wesrigSi axali „uxilavi taZris“
ageba dgeba.
am sami Zmis, sami mefis samSoblo kapadokiaa. es is regio-
nia, sadac im periodSi uZvelesi misteriuli centrebi arse-
bobda da saidanac dasavleTisken mZlavri sulieri impulsebis
gavrceleba xdeboda.
graalis istoria ase grZeldeba:
berilusis vaJma titurizonma colad SeirTo aragunis me-
fis qaliSvili. maT mravali wlis manZilze Svili ar eZleo-
daT. col-qmarma ierusalimi moiloca da macxovris saflavTan
ufals Svilis micema SesTxova. maT eyolaT vaJi, romelsac ti-
tureli daarqves. angelozma mSoblebs auwya, rom es yrma qris-
tianobisTvis mebrZolad gaizrdeboda, Semdeg ki angelozTa
mxedrobaSi iqneboda miRebuli. marTlac, titureli axalgaz-
rdobidanve rCeul raindad Camoyalibda da 50 wlis asakamde
Tavdauzogavad ibrZoda warmarTebis winaaRmdeg. am dros
mas angelozebma auwyes, rom igi arCeulia graalis mcvelad.
titureli uRran tyeSi arsebul mTaze — monsalvatze daem-
kvidra. graali am dros jer kidev uxilavi angelozebis gamge-
blobaSi iyo da miwierebamde ar iyo daSvebuli. titurelma
mas am mTaze mdidruli taZari auSena. albrexti dawvrilebiT
aRwers taZris brwyinvalebas. igi mTlianad Zvirfasi qvebiTaa
agebuli. erT-erTi yvelaze didi qoro suliwmidisadmia miZRv-
nili. graalis taZris mfarveli swored suliwmidaa. am qoros
gverdiT RvTismSoblis qoroa, Semdeg ioane naTlismcemlis, 12
mociqulis da a. S.
mSenebloba 30 welSi dasrulda da graali mxolod amis
Semdeg daeSva taZarSi.
graalis mefe titureli erTgulad asrulebda Tavis mova-
leobas. igi ukve 400 wlisa iyo, roca ufleba mieca ojaxi Se-
eqmna da STamomavlobaze ezruna.
graalis taZris wriuli forma mianiSnebs, rom igi sam-
yaros xatia. misi 30 wliani mSenebloba macxovris 30 welTanaa
simetriaSi. graalisTvis dedamiwaze sxeulis Seqmnas 30 weli
dasWirda.
graalis taZari moazrebulia axali ierusalimis xatadac.
igi axali ierusalimis msgavsad Zvirfasi qvebisgan igeba.
graalis ordenis simbolo mtredia, rac erTxel kidev mi-
aniSnebs, rom es aris suliwmidis ordeni.
gavixsenoT, rom graalis mcvelTa STamomavlobaze sau-
- 401 -
brisas mis fuZemdeblad kapadokieli berilusia moxseniebuli.
titureli misi STamomavalia. teqstSi xazgasmiT mieTiTeba,
rom es saxeli Zvirfasi qvis berilusis (qarTulad bivritis)
dasaxelebidan momdinareobs.
Zveli tradiciis mixedviT, es qva borot Zalebs gandevnis
— sadac bivritia, iq negatiuri arsebebi Zalas kargaven. igive
tradiciiT, bivriti azrovnebis Zalebs aZlierebs.
bivriti kargad atarebs sinaTles. amitomac igi samSvin-
velis ganwmendis simbolocaa. am TvalsazrisiT, berilusidan
momdinare STamomavlebis mizans ganwmendili azrovnebis Camo-
yalibeba warmoadgens.3 igi sulier sinaTled gardaisaxeba.
bivrits mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia graalis taZris aR-
werilobaSi. taZris fanjrebis minebi bivritisaa. ese igi,
taZarSi sinaTle bivritis gavliT Sedis. iqidanac samyaro
bivritidan aRiqmeba.
graalis qvaTa simbolikidan SeiZleba gamovyoT kidev erTi
qva — oniqsi. teqstSi xazgasmulia, rom monsalvatis mTa mTli-
anad oniqsisaa. titurelma taZris agebamde es mTa gawminda da
sarkesaviT gaapriala. oniqsis gaprialebul zedapirze uxilav-
ma xelma taZris gegma daxaza, ris mixedviTac daiwyo taZris
mSenebloba.
graalis taZars sami kari hqonda (samxreTidan, dasavleTi-
dan da CrdiloeTidan).
graalis misteriis Sesaxeb zemoT aRniSnuli yvela teqsti
alegoriuli formiT gadmoscems dasavleTis sulieri cxovre-
bis im formis Sesaxeb, romelsac, zogadad, graalis moZraoba
ewodeboda, da romelic Tanamedrove evropis teritoriaze is-
toriulad daaxloebiT VIII-X saukuneebSi arsebobda.
bunebrivad ibadeba kiTxva: imave periodSi, rodesac saqar-
TveloSi mZlavri kultura da intensiuri sulieri cxovreba
Cqefda, arsebobda Tu ara aq analogiuri moZraoba da ramdenad
iyo is dakavSirebuli dasavleTis sulier cxovrebasTan?
es kiTxva bunebrivia imdenad, ramdenadac sruliad cxadia,
rom Tavad graalis moZraoba da is impulsebi, ramac dasavleT-
Si graalis saxe miiRo, momdinareobs saqarTvelos mezobeli
da sulierad uaRresad mWidrod dakavSirebuli teritoriidan
— kapadokiidan.
aRniSnul periodSi sulieri cxovrebis forma aRmosavleT-
sa da dasavleTSi ukve mkveTrad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan
da mkveTrad Tav-Tavisi damaxasiaTebeli niSnebiT viTardeba.
- 402 -
axali welTaRricxvis VIII saukuneSi graalis misteriis
miwier planSi daarsebis mizezebs nawilobriv ukve SevexeT.
amjerad gvinda yuradReba gavamaxviloT am sawyisi etapis zo-
gierT Taviseburebaze.
gadmocemis mixedviT, am periodSi, graalis Tasi sulieri
samyarodan miwier yofaSi iqna gadmotanili. graalis pirvel
raind titurels igi angelozTa dasis mier gadaeca. mniSvnelo-
vania is faqtic, rom es movlena kapadokiaSi ganxorcielda.
graalis misteriis kapadokiaSi warmoSoba ukve TavisTavad
amaxvilebs yuradRebas im sakiTxze, Tu ra kavSirebi SeiZleba
arsebobdes am sulier moZraobasa da saqarTveloSi gavrcele-
bul qristianobis formas Soris. imis garda, rom kapadokiis
mosaxleoba, eTnosis TvalsazrisiTac, qarTvelebs enaTesa-
veba, kidev ufro mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom saqarTveloSi
qristianobis gavrceleba swored kapadokiidan moxda da, faq-
tobrivad, ori erTmaneTTan mWidrod dakavSirebuli kapado-
kieli wmindani — wminda giorgi da wminda nino saqarTveloSi
gavrcelebuli qristianuli formis umTavres Taviseburebebs
gansazRvraven. marTalia, es wmindanebi III saukunis bolosa da
IV saukunis dasawyisSi moRvaweoben, magram maTgan momdinare
religiuri kultis damkvidreba, faqtobrivad, swored VIII sau-
kunidan iRebs saTaves. manamde, daaxloebiT 4 saukunis ganma-
vlobaSi wminda giorgis, rogorc qristes miqaeluri raindis
da wminda ninos, rogorc RvTismSoblis nebis ganmacxadebeli
wmindanebis saxeebi naklebad gvxvdeba istoriul wyaroebSi.
rogorc `qarTlis moqcevis~ gadamweris minaweric adas-
turebs, `viTarca talanti winamZRuarTagan dafaruli, Sem-
dgomad mravalTa JamTa da welTa vpoveT~.4 ese igi, kapadokiuri
warmomavlobis aRniSnuli saidumlo sibrZne, romelic saWiro
dromde sruliad Segnebulad dafaruli iyo winamZRvarTa mier,
dasavleTSi gavrcelebuli graalis misteriebis analogiurad
daaxloebiT VIII saukunidan gamotanil iqna saqarTvelos reli-
giuri cxovrebis sferoSi. swored am droidan werilobiT sa-
xes iRebs bevri iseTi ezoteruli Txzuleba, romlebic manamde
mxolod zepirsityvierad, anda idumalad daculi alegoriuli
uwyebebis saxiT arsebobda (maT Soris, `qarTlis moqceva~, `qe-
baY da didebaY qarTulisa enisaY“ da sxva). ar SeiZleba mxolod
garegnul istoriul movlenad ganvixiloT is faqti, rom wmin-
da giorgis cxovrebasTan dakavSirebuli berZnuli teqstebi
swored am periodSi intensiurad iTargmneba qarTulad da maT
- 403 -
gverdiT analogiuri originaluri Txzulebebic iqmneba.
drois sakmaod mokle monakveTSi (VIII-X saukuneebSi) wminda
giorgisa da wminda ninosTan dakavSirebuli kulti uaRresad
farTo masStabebs aRwevs saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze. am
periodSi grigol xanZTelisa da misi mimdevrebis mier daarse-
buli monastrebis farglebSi uaRresad Rrmadaa gacnobierebu-
li saqarTveloSi qristianuli cxovrebis yvela Tavisebureba
da, saerTod, qristianuli saqarTvelos sulieri misia zogad-
sakacobrio istoriis mdinarebaSi. qarTuli kulturis amgvari
sulieri safuZvlebis Camoyalibebas ukve bunebrivad mosdevs
garegnuli kulturis aRmavlobac, rac sabolood daviTisa da
Tamaris epoqis saqarTvelos aRorZinebaSi gamoixateba.
qristianobis pirvel saukuneebSi kapadokiis sulier gare-
moSi Camoyalibda is niadagi, saidanac, erTi mxriv, dasavleTiT,
xolo, meore mxriv, aRmosavleTiT mimarTuli ori mZlavri
sulieri nakadi amoizarda. dasavluri xasiaTis graalis mis-
teria da aRmosavleT saqristianoSi, ufro konkretulad ki,
saqarTvelos teritoriaze warmoSobili qristianobis is for-
ma, romelic RvTismSoblisa da wminda giorgis qristianul
kults efuZneboda, faqtobrivad, erTi da imave sulieri naka-
didan sazrdoobda. RvTismSoblisa da wminda giorgis kultze
dafuZnebuli qristianuli cxovrebis forma Tamamad SeiZleba
gagebul iqnas, rogorc graalis misteriis aRmosavluri gamov-
lineba. aqve gvinda SevniSnoT, rom aRniSnuli misteriis gamov-
linebis es formebi religiur aRmsareblobasTan mimarTebaSi
mkveTrad gansxvavdebian qristianul aRmosavleTsa da qris-
tianul dasavleTSi.
dasavleTis sulieri cxovrebis sferoSi ezoteruli or-
denebi da eklesia xSirad mkveTrad emijnebodnen erTmaneTs.
saukuneTa manZilze es dapirispireba uaRresad mwvave xasiaTiT
vlindeboda.
rogorc wesi, sruliad gansxvavebuli viTareba sufevda
qristianul aRmosavleTSi. aq saerTod ar warmoSobila qris-
tianuli msoflmxedvelobis iseTi gageba, rogoricaa ezote-
ruli, anda egzoteruli qristianoba. qristianobis aRmosav-
luri forma am orive nakads mudam erTmaneTisagan ganuyo-
flad ganixilavda. marTalia, yvela qristianuli saidumlo
arc aq iqadageboda Riad, magram aqauri samonastro cxovreba
uaRresad saimedo garemos qmnida qristianobis uRrmesi said-
umloebebis Semecnebisa da gareSe pirTagan dacvisaTvis.
- 404 -
am TvalsazrisiT, graalis misteriis aRmosavluri forma
dasavlurisagan gansxvavebiT calke ordenis saxiT ar gamoyo-
fila saeklesio cxovrebis sferodan. igi imdenad Serwymulia
saeklesio wess, rom aq araviTari aucilebloba ar yofila
calke termini gaCeniliyo mis aRsaniSnavad.
graalis istoriis mkvlevrebs didi xnis ganmavlobaSi
saeWvod miaCndaT eSenbaxis is uwyeba, rom am didma moazrovnem
da poetma, graalis istoria viRac ucnobi kiotisgan Seiswavla,
romelsac Tavad didad afasebda. Tavis mxriv, kiotma es isto-
ria romeliRac aRmosavlur teqstSi amoikiTxa. arada, es uw-
yeba TavisTavad sakmaod axloa im realobasTan, rac eSenbaxis
moRvaweobis periodSi arsebobda. am dros Cveulebrivi movle-
na iyo jvarosnebis mier aRmosavleTSi iseTi sulieri teqste-
bis mopoveba, romlis msgavsic im periodSi dasavleTSi ar ar-
sebobda. daRmavlobis gzaze mdgar bizantiaSi aseTi teqstebis
mopoveba ukve SesaZlebeli iyo. jvarosnebs es teqstebi ev-
ropaSi CahqondaT. xSirad es imdenad Rirebuli da mniSvnelo-
vani teqstebi gaxldaT, rom maTi gavleniT moazrovneebi er-
Tiandebodnen da ordenis msgavs gaerTianebebs qmnidnen.
ra Tqma unda, dasavleTSi moxvedrili sulieri teqstebi
sxvadasxva Rirebulebisa iyo. analogiuri sulieri codna sxva-
dasxva saxiT, aRmosavleTSic rCeboda da Taviseburad viTarde-
boda. amitom unda vivaraudoT, rom imgvari sulieri cxovreba,
romelic dasavleTSi ganviTarda graalis misteriebis saxiT,
arsebobda aRmosavleTSic, magram mas, Tavisi garemoebebidan
gamomdinare, sruliad sxva saxe da sxva ganviTareba hqonda.
erT-erTi aseTi mniSvnelovani teqsti, romelic cnobilia
qarTul werilobiT wyaroebSi da romelic Tavisi sulieri
rangiT ar CamorCeba imdroindeli saqristianos arc erT mniS-
vnelovan teqsts, aris „qarTlis moqceva~. masSi, marTalia,
gadmocemulia saqarTvelos gaqristianebis istoria, magram am
istorias ara aqvs wmindad statistikuri saxe da igi Rrma ale-
goriul formebSia moTxrobili.
amjerad swored „qarTlis moqcevaSi~ mocemuli uwyebebi-
dan aqcenti gavakeToT ramdenime motivze, romlebsac Sinagani
kavSiri gaaCnia im sulier impulsebTan, romlebic dasavleTSi
sruliad gansxvavebuli formiT graalis misteriebSia gadmo-
cemuli.
saqarTvelo IV saukuneSi gaqristianda. igi gaaqristiana
wminda ninom. mogvianebiT saqarTveloSi wminda giorgis kulti
- 405 -
grandiozul masStabebs aRwevs. kapadokielia rogorc wminda
nino, aseve wminda giorgi. SeiZleba aseve gavixsenoT, rom aseve
kapadokielebi arian is wminda mamebic, romlebic IV saukuneSi
moRvaweoben da romlebic qmnian qristianuli cxovrebis dog-
mats: basili didi, grigol RvTismetyveli, grigol noseli.
saqarTveloSi qristianoba kapadokiidan vrceldeba da IV sau-
kuneSi kapadokiis sulieri cxovrebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli im-
pulsebis Semotana xdeba.
sainteresoa, rodis moxda graalis misteriis gadatana
aRmosavleTidan dasavleTSi, kapadokiidan evropaSi? ti-
tureli VIII saukuneSi qmnis graalis ordens. gavixsenoT, ras
mogviTxrobs teqsti titurelis moRvaweobasTan dakavSirebiT.
graalis mier mcvelad roca iqna arCeuli, titureli maSin 50
wlis iyo. 400 wlisas mas neba daerTo coli moeyvana da STamo-
mavloba Seeqmna.
ras niSnavs 400 weli, oTxi saukune? Tu am oTx saukunes
VIII saukunes gamovaklebT, swored IV saukuneSi aRmovCndebiT.
ese igi, poemaSi xazgasmiTaa aRniSnuli, rom graalis istoria
kapadokiaSi ara VIII saukuneSi, aramed IV saukuneSi iwyeba. su-
lieri cxovrebis es oTxsaukunovani periodi (IV-VIII saukuneebi)
gadmocemulia, rogorc titurelis epoqa, rodesac titureli
simbolurad ganasaxierebs graalis mcvels. ese igi, erTsa da
imave periodSi kapadokiaSi ganviTarebuli sulieri cxovre-
bis forma, erTi mxriv, miemarTeba dasavleTisken da graalis
misteriis saxiT yalibdeba da, meore mxriv, igive sulieri na-
kadi moemarTeba saqarTvelosken da aq qristianuli cxovrebis
Tavisebur formas iRebs. bunebrivia, sulieri cxovrebis am or
— aRmosavlur da dasavlur formas Soris uTuod unda arse-
bobdes sulieri naTesaoba.
„moqcevis~ mixedviT, wminda nino kapadokiidan ierusalimSi
miemgzavreba da roca iq Zalian mniSvnelovan sulier ganaTle-
bas miiRebs, saqarTveloSi Camodis. es uwyeba mniSvnelovania,
radgan ierusalimidan momdinare sulieri impulsebi aseve
mniSvnelovania dasavleTSi ganviTarebul graalis istoriaSi.
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, graalis pirveli mefe titurelia,
magram graalis genealogia ufro adreul periodSi iwyeba. am
Stos fuZemdebeli berilusia, romelic aseve kapadokiidanaa.
isic iTqva, rom berilusis saxeli momdinareobs qvis saxeli-
dan — berilusidan, rac qarTulad bivrits niSnavs. igive qva
fanjris minis funqcias asrulebs graalis taZarSi. ese igi,
- 406 -
graalis misteriebis winare epoqa (titurelis winare epoqa)
simbolizebulia berilusiT. aseve miTiTebulia, rom berilusi
Tavidan warmarTi iyo, Semdeg moinaTla da mefe gaxda.
axla davakvirdeT, Tu rogor gadmoscems „qarTlis mo-
qceva~ saqarTveloSi qristianobis dafuZnebis gadamwyvet mo-
ments. es aris armazis kerpebis msxvrevis epizodi. wminda nino
modis warmarTul saqarTveloSi, qalaq mcxeTasTan. is jer ar
aris Sesuli mcxeTaSi. mtkvris meore sanapiroze aRmarTulia
armazis kerpebi. locvis ZaliT, armazoba dRes, dResaswaulze
myofi mefisa da didebulebis Tvalwin wminda nino armazis
kerpebs amsxvrevs. es msxvreva sami dRe grZeldeba. sami dRis
Semdeg wminda nino damsxvreul kerpebTan midis da namsxvreve-
bidan amoarCevs erTaderT bivritis Tvals, romelic armazis
kerps Tvalis adgilas hqonda Casmuli. armazis kerps hqonda
ori Tvali — erTi bivritis, meore frcxilis, anu oniqsis.
iRebs ra bivritis Tvals, wminda nino mcxeTaSi qristianobis
saqadageblad gadadis. es epizodi simbolurad naTlad mia-
niSnebs, rom im warmarTuli sulieri cxovrebidan, romelsac
warmarTuli qarTli eweoda, arsebobs raRac mniSvnelovani da
Rirebuli, rac aucileblad unda iqnas gadatanili axali su-
lieri cxovrebis formaSi. mtkvris erTi napiridan meoreze mas
gadaaqvs bivriti da masTan erTad sulieri cxovrebis axali
forma — qristianoba. ra aris bivriti am SemTxvevaSi? igi sim-
bolurad gamoxatavs qarTlis warmarTuli sulieri cxovre-
bis im memkvidreobas, romelic axal religiur cxovrebasTan
— qristianobasTan axdens sinTezs.
rogorc vxedavT, or sxvadasxva konteqstSi bivritis mniS-
vneloba erTi da igivea. amis garda, Tu graalis taZarSi fan-
jris minis adgilas zis bivriti da igi akavSirebs Sida sivrces
gare sivrcesTan, anu sinaTle misi saSualebiT aRwevs SigniT,
analogiuri mdgomareobaa armazis kerpisTvisac. aq igi Tva-
lis adgilas zis. Tvali adamianisTvis igive funqcias asru-
lebs, rasac SenobisTvis fanjara. am SemTxvevaSic Sesabamisoba
sruliad aSkaraa.
berilusis TemasTan dakavSirebiT sxva mniSvnelo-
vani paralelebic arsebobs. rogorc aRvniSneT, berilusma
monawileoba miiRo warmarTebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi da sabo-
lood is frankTa mefe gaxda. is Cavida aRmosavleTidan dasav-
leTSi da qristes rjulze moaqcia Tavisi gamgeblobis qveS
myofi xalxi.
- 407 -
axla gavixsenoT, rogor gadmogvcems „qarTlis moqceva~
wminda ninos winaparTa istorias. rogorc irkveva, wminda ni-
nos mamac, aseve warmarTebis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli yofila.
„moqcevis~ meore nawilis, „wminda ninos cxovrebis“ pirvelive
winadadeba gvauwyebs, rom kapadokiaSi, im periodSi, rodesac
wminda giorgi ewama, cxovrobda erTi didebuli STamomavlo-
bis axalgazrda Wabuki („mTavarTa Sesabami~). es Wabuki wavida
romSi mefis winaSe msaxurebisaTvis. misi saxeli iyo zabiloni.
zabilonma didad gamoiCina Tavi romaelTa brZolaSi branjTa
winaaRmdeg. sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom branji frankis si-
nonimi gaxlavT. am brZolaSi man SeZlo frankTa damarcxeba
da isini mefes tyved mihgvara. mefem maTi daxocva brZana, ma-
gram isini Seevedrnen zabilons, rom mieca maTTvis is rjuli,
romelic mas hqonda (igulisxmeba qristianuli religia). gaxa-
rebulma zabilonma amis Sesaxeb mefes da patriarqs moaxsena,
monaTla tyveebi da Tavisufleba mianiWa. amis Semdeg mas aTi
saerisTaos mosaxleoba eaxla. moewyo maTi masiuri naTloba
mdinareSi. am SemTxvevaSi zabiloni frankTa ganmanaTleblad
gvevlineba. amis Semdeg mas colad mohyavs susana. maT SeeZi-
nebaT wminda nino. roca wminda nino wamoizrdeba, zabiloni
ojaxs tovebs. igi, rogorc Cans, berad ekurTxeba da iordanes
gadaRma midis. misi samyofeli icis mxolod ufalma. is war-
marTTa mosaqcevad ierusalimidan kvlav dasavleTisken midis.
ese igi, aq sruliad xazgasmulad naCvenebia, rom kapadokieli
mTavari, qristiani moRvawe zabiloni, anu igive wminda ninos
mama, did rols TamaSobs dasavleTis xalxis, konkretulad,
frankebis moqcevaSi.
Tu kvlav gavixsenebT graalis misteriebTan dakavSirebul
teqsts, SevniSnavT, rom swored titurelis winapari kapado-
kieli berilusi gaxda frankTa ganmanaTlebeli da amave dros
frankTa mefec.
rogorc vxedavT, kapadokieli Wabukis mier frankTa mo-
qceva da maTze mefoba (erT SemTxvevaSi igi mefea, xolo meo-
re SemTxvevaSi mas imorCilebs), analogiuria aRmosavlur da
dasavlur gadmocemebSi. erT SemTxvevaSi kapadokieli Wabu-
ki saTaves udebs graalis STamomavlobas dasavleTSi, meore
SemTxvevaSi is aris winapari wminda ninosi da im sulieri na-
kadisa, romelic saqarTvelosken moemarTeba da, faqrobrivad,
aq ganviTarebuli qristianuli sulieri cxovrebis formas
gansazRvravs.
- 408 -
erT-erTi centraluri motivi, rac damaxasiaTebelia graa-
lis misteriebisTvis, kacobriobis „uxilavi taZris~ ageba gax-
lavT. misi ZiriTadi Tematika swored amasTanaa dakavSirebu-
li. daingra solomonis taZari, romelic iyo ganmasaxierebeli
Zveli, warmarTuli sibrZnisa da iwyeba axali — qristianuli
epoqa. am axali msoflmxedvelobis farglebSi saWiroa axali
taZris ageba. aq igulisxmeba ara mxolod fizikuri taZari,
rogorc saxli uflisa, aramed mTeli kacobriobis erTiani,
uxilavi taZari. am ideas Zalian detalurad da Zalian Rrma
simbolur saxeebSi gadmoscemen is teqstebi, romlebic dakav-
Sirebulia graalis TemasTan.
aRmosavleTSi Tematika igivea, magram is ar aris gadmoce-
muli ise Sefarulad, rogorc es Sua saukuneebis zemoT ganxi-
lul dasavlur teqstebSia. amis naTeli dadasturebaa Tundac
is, rom „qarTlis moqcevaSi~ ZiriTad Temad, romlis fonzec
viTardeba qarTlis moqcevis mTeli istoria, aRebulia swored
taZris mSenebloba. ese igi, „moqcevis~ mTavari siuJeti swored
mcxeTaSi pirveli qristianuli taZris mSeneblobas ukavSir-
deba. yvela is peripetiebi, rac dakavSirebulia qarTlis moq-
cevasTan, mirian mefisa da nana dedoflis gaqristianebasTan,
swored am Tematikis irgvliv trialebs — es aris „moqcevis~
centraluri motivi. ese igi, aqac paraleli sruliad cxadia.
Tu eSenbaxis, kretien de truas da sxva avtorebis teqstebSi
Sefaruladaa mocemuli am uxilavi taZris mSenebloba da Ziri-
Tadad simboloebis saxiTaa gadmocemuli, qarTul versiaSi is
Zalian Riadaa warmodgenili. igi gadmogvcems sveticxovlis
mSeneblobas. ra Tqma unda, es mSenebloba saswaulebriv xasi-
aTs atarebs da saswaulebriv formaSia moTxrobili. swored es
saswaulebi da masTan dakavSirebuli simboloebi ganacxadeben
ZiriTad ideas da ZiriTad simbolikas am taZris mSeneblobisa.
rogorc vnaxeT, eSenbaxs Semoaqvs Zalian mniSvnelovani
suraT-xati. igi gadmogvcems, rom solomonis Tanamedrove
vinme flegetanisi iyo uaRresad Rrmad Semcnobeli yovel-
gvari saidumloebisa rogorc bunebaSi, aseve varskvlavT-
metyvelebaSi da man pirvelma Seicno graalis saidumlo. es
moxda jer kidev warmarTul epoqaSi. aseve aSkarad naCvenebia,
rom flegetanisis alegoriaSi igulisxmeba bibliuri xurami,
romelic iyo mSenebeli solomonis taZrisa.
„qarTlis moqcevaSi~ es Tema imave suraT-xatebSia gadmoce-
muli, magram ufro Riad, vidre dasavlur teqstebSi. aq xurams
- 409 -
arc saxeli aqvs Secvlili da garkveviT mieniSneba, rom is aris
mcxeTis movlenebis erT-erTi monawile. „moqcevaSi~ pirvelad
vxvdebiT xurams, romelic aris mogvi da romlis gaqristiane-
bac moxda, xolo amis Semdeg wminda ninosTan dakavSirebul
gamocxadebaSi, rodesac igi agebs taZars, masTan sabastanidan,
anu sabas qveynidan modian mefeT-mefe xurami da mefe xura-
mi. es istoria pirdapir imeorebs bibliur simbolikas, bib-
liur suraT-xatebs, roca finikiis mefe xuramma solomonTan
gaagzavna xuroTmoZRvari xurami, romelic agebs solomonis
taZars. ese igi, mcxeTaSi taZris mSeneblobaSi imaginaciurad
monawileobs xurami, anu igive solomonis taZris mSenebeli.
rogorc vxedavT, „qarTlis moqceva~ ufro Ria formiT
iZleva simboloebs. flegetanisis Sesaxeb Cven bevri unda gvem-
sjela, rom mivxvedriliyaviT, rom swored is aris xurami,
radgan mas deda ebraeli hyavda, mama ki xaris kultis mimde-
vari finikieli da a. S. xolo „qarTlis moqceva~ am suraT-xats
Zalian Riad, gamocxadebis saxiT warmoadgens. mcxeTaSi xurami
sabastanidan modis. ierusalimis taZarTan dakavSirebuli gad-
mocemis mixedviT, sabas dedofali ierusalimSi sabastanidan
Cavida da xurams Sexvda. es suraT-xatebi „qarTlis moqcevaSi~
Zalian Riadaa warmodgenili.
dasavlur teqstebSi xazgasmiTaa aRniSnuli, rom graalis
SemecnebisaTvis aucilebelia Zveli sibrZnis flobac. am Zvel
sibrZneSi igulisxmeba varskvlavTmetyveleba da bunebis Za-
lebis Rrma Semecneba. flegetanisi swored am unarebs flob-
da. Semdeg, mogvianebiT, kioti, romelic swored aRmosavlur
teqsts kiTxulobs, swored am unarebis wyalobiT arkvevs mis
Sinaarss da ukve frangul enaze gadmoscems mas. eSenbaxis es
uwyeba sruliad xazgasmiT afiqsirebs, Tu ra mistikuri cod-
naa saWiro imisTvis, rom graalis Tematika qristianuli Tval-
sazrisiT iqnas gagebuli. „moqcevaSi~ es motivic cxadadaa mo-
cemuli. dasavlur teqstebSi saWiroa kvleva-Zieba da ganxilva
iseTi fragmentebisa, sadac saubaria, rom parcifali, magali-
Tad, midis cxeniT da mTeli dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi Sehyurebs
varskvlavebiT moWedil cas. aseve unda gavixsenoT, rom is bav-
Svobidan CaRrmavebulia bunebis idumalebaSi da usmens bune-
bas, rom kiotma Zalian kargad SeiTvisa varskvlavTmetyveleba
da esmoda bunebis Zalebis saidumloebebi. „qarTlis moqceva-
Si~ mTeli teqsti swored am TematikiTaa ganmsWvaluli. mTeli
is gardaqmnebi, rac mcxeTaSi xdeba — es aris bunebis stiqiebis
- 410 -
gardaqmna. mcxeTaSi sveticxovlis aRmarTvas win uZRvis hae-
ris, wylis, cecxlisa da miwis stiqiebis gardaqmna, maTgan nega-
tiuri sulebis gandevna da qristianuli impulsiT gamsWvalva;
Semdeg sveticxovlis aRmarTvas Tan axlavs saswaulebrivi var-
skvlavis gamocxadeba, misi moZraoba aRmosavleTiT da dasav-
leTiT. aq mTeli varskvlavTmetyvelebaa mocemuli da swored
am fonze xdeba sveticxovlis saswaulebrivi aRmarTva. wminda
nino swored is brZenia, romelic Semcnobelia rogorc bunebis
stiqiebis sulieri Zalebisa, aseve varskvlavuri damwerlobisa.
am mxrivac sruliad cxadia graalis dasavluri Temisa da mo-
tivebis Sesabamisoba aRmosavlurTan, anu „qarTlis moqcevaSi~
mocemul TematikasTan.
arsebobs kidev erTi mniSvnelovani motivi, romelic naT-
lad aCvenebs dasavluri graalis Temis Rrma kavSirs aRmosav-
luri sulieri cxovrebis formasTan da konkretulad sveti-
cxovlis misteriasTan. es aris Tavad graalis mimarTeba axlad
agebul taZarTan. kretien de truasTan moTxrobilia, rom
graali — es aris is barZimi, is sasmisi, romelic angelozTa
gamgeblobaSia. rodesac titureli dainiSna mis mcvelad da
daiwyo taZris ageba, barZimi taZramde jer ar iyo daSvebuli,
is mSenebare taZris zemoT uxilav sivrceSi livlivebda da an-
gelozebi iyvnen misi mcvelebi. taZris mSenebloba 30 wlis gan-
mavlobaSi mimdinareobda. graalis Tasi mxolod Semdeg daeSva
taZarSi.
rogorc viciT, analogiuri suraTi gvaqvs mcxeTaSic sveti-
cxovlis taZris mSeneblobisas; eqvsi svetis aRmarTvis Semdeg
moxdeba saswauli da meSvide svets swored angelozi aRamaR-
lebs. cecxliT Semosili angelozi caSi aRitacebs svets da
Semdeg nel-nela dauSvebs mas. sxva versiiT, sveti Tavisi Ziri-
dan ori wyrTis simaRleze haerSi Cerdeba da ase haerSia gaCe-
rebuli didi xnis ganmavlobaSi. rogorc vxedavT, am SemTx-
vevaSi aRmosavleTSi, konkretulad qarTul sulier garemoSi,
mocemulia gansakuTrebuli simbolo — cocxali, anu sicoc-
xlis momniWebeli sveti. aqve naTqvamia, rom is im xisganaa Seq-
mnili, romelic, Tavis mxriv, sicocxlis xesTanaa dakavSirebu-
li. is aris sicocxlis momniWebeli, ganmkurnebeli yovelgvari
sneulebisa da swored am saswaulebrivi xisgan iqmneba sveti-
cxoveli — cocxali sveti. masTan mravali sneuli modioda da
SexebisTanave ikurneboda. ese igi, graalis barZimis msgavsad
isic sicocxlis Zalebis momniWebelia.
- 411 -
kretien de truas teqstSi avtori gansakuTrebul aqcents
akeTebs graalis kavSirze sicocxlis xesTan da im ZalebTan,
rac bibliuri sicocxlis xidan momdinareobs. graali aris
maradiuli sicocxlis momniWebeli, adamianSi im Zalebis gama-
RviZebeli, romelic sawyisi etapidan, samyaros Sesaqmedan ar-
sebobs. ese igi, kretien de truasTan graalTan mimarTebaSi
gansakuTrebiT aqcentirebulia sicocxlis xis Tema.
kretien de truas mier aRwerili graalis Tasi uSualo
simetriaSia sveticxovlis centralur niSanTan — cocxal
svetTan. orive maTgani swored bibliuri sicocxlis xis Za-
lebis ganmacxadebelia.
gamomsaxvelobis TvalsazrisiT, am SemTxvevaSic analo-
giuri suraTia. kretien de truasTan am Temis warmosaxvas
CaRrmaveba sWirdeba. swored sulieri kvlevebis Sedegadaa
garkveuli, rom graali Rrmadaa dakavSirebuli sicocxlis xes-
Tan. es Tema sveticxovlis misteriaSi gaxsnilia. aq pirdapir
mieniSneba, rom saswaulebrivi xe tyeSi dgas da masTan miaxle-
buli daWrili cxovelebi inkurnebian, saswaulebrivad xdeba
misi mcxeTaSi gadmotana da aRmarTva; amis Semdegac is sicoc-
xlis xis Zalebis ganmacxadebelia.
rober de boronis teqstis mixedviT, ioseb arimaTielis
STamomavali qebroni dasavleTisaken miemgzavreba. iosebi
mas gadascems graalis Tass da saidumlo sityvas, romelic
dakavSirebulia graalis misteriebTan. analogiur simbolos
„qarTlis moqcevaSic~ vxvdebiT. angelozi wminda ninos saswau-
lebrivi svetis aRmarTvisas sam saidumlo sityvas gadascems.
dasavluri teqstebis mixedviT, graalis koSks aqvs sami
kari — dasavleTidan, samxreTidan da CrdiloeTidan. Tu ga-
vixsenebT „moqcevas~, iqac analogiur uwyebasTan gvaqs saqme,
oRond, am SemTxvevaSi, saubaria mcxeTaze. mcxeTa mTlianad
ierusalimis mixedviTaa agebuli. masSi sveticxoveli swored
ierusalimis taZris adgils ikavebs; aq danarCeni ierusalimuri
toponimebic meordeba. mcxeTasac, wminda ninos uwyebiT, sami
kari aqvs. XI saukuneSi mesamed agebuli sveticxovelic sam-
kariania.
am SemTxvevaSi Cven ganvixileT graalis misteriis aRmosav-
luri da dasavluri formebi. dasavleT evropaSi ganviTare-
bul iseT movlenas, rogoricaa graalis moZraoba, Zalze Tval-
naTeli paraleli gaaCnia aRmosavleTSi. paralelebi sruliad
naTelia rogorc droiTi, aseve Sinaarsobrivi TvalsazrisiT.
- 412 -
orive sulieri nakadi saTaves uSualod jvarcmis movlenidan
iRebs. dasavluri nakadisTvis umTavres simbolos macxovris
Wrilobidan gadmodenili sisxli warmoadgens, xolo aRmosav-
lur sulier moZraobas, konkretulad, saqarTveloSi Camoya-
libebul sulier moZraobas safuZvlad edeba iseTi mniSvnelo-
vani siwminde, rogoricaa uflis kvarTi. uflis kvarTis isto-
riac swored golgoTidan iwyeba.
kidev erTxel gavixsenoT, rom jvarcmis Semdeg, wilisyris
Sedegad uflis kvarTi mcxeTel ebraelebs ergoT. maT igi
mcxeTaSi Camoitanes. IV saukunemde, anu saqarTveloSi qris-
tianobis gavrcelebamde, kvarTis adgilsamyofeli gasaidum-
loebuli iyo. wminda ninos saqarTveloSi Camosvlis Semdeg
uflis kvarTis saflavze sveticxovlis taZari aigo. am movle-
nebTan dakavSirebuli zepirsityvieri gadmocema imdroindel
sasuliero wreebSi arsebobda. mogvianebiT, daaxloebiT IX sau-
kuneSi, es istoria ukve Camoyalibebuli werilobiTi Zeglis
saxes iRebs. aSkarad mieniSneba, rom igi swored IV saukunidan
momdinareobs, radgan teqsti sxvadasxva avtoris mier pirvel
pirSia moyolili. movlenis Sesaxeb misi umTavresi monawilee-
bi (wminda nino, mirian mefe, sidonia, abiaTari) gadmogvcemen.
isini swored IV saukuneSi moRvaweoben.
teqstis minawerSi xazgasmiTaa aRniSnuli, rom es teqsti
didi xnis ganmavlobaSi sulier winamZRvarTagan Segnebulad
iyo gasaidumloebuli. daaxloebiT IX saukuneSi ukve SesaZle-
beli gaxda misi gamoaSkaraveba. oRond, es movlena monastris
farglebs ar gascilebia.
rogorc iTqva, mogvianebiT, XII saukunis bolos, „moqce-
vis~ teqsti kidev ufro „gaxalxurda~. igi gadakeTda eklesiaSi
mrevlisTvis sakiTxavad da damatebiTi komentarebic daerTo.
es samuSao saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqma nikoloz I-ma
(gulaberiZem) Seasrula. graalis aRmosavluri motivebi ale-
goriuli saxiT warmoCinda rusTvelis poemaSic.
nikoloz I da rusTveli swored kretien de truasa da eSen-
baxis Tanamedroveni arian.
IX-XIII saukuneebSi „moqcevis~ sxva versiebic Seiqmna, sadac
avtorebi Seecadnen wina planze sxvadasxva sulieri aspeqti
wamoewiaT.
Tu graalTan dakavSirebul istorias gavixsenebT, Sevam-
CnevT, rom msgavseba TvalnaTelia. orive teqsti Tavis um-
Tavres siwmindes jvarcmis movlenas ukavSirebs, winare isto-
- 413 -
riul winamZRvrebs ki solomonis epoqas, kerZod, solomonis
taZris mSenebel xurams. I-IV saukuneebSi movlenebi dafaru-
lad viTardeboda. IV saukuneSi kapadokiaSi iwyeba sulieri
moZraoba, romelic dasavleTisken vrceldeba da iq graalis
misteriad yalibdeba. iwyeba titurelis 400 wliani epoqa. ima-
vdroulad aRmosavleTSi da, kerZod qarTlSi uflis kvarTis
irgvliv iqmneba aseve dafaruli moZRvreba. rogorc irkveva,
es moZRvreba jer kidev IV saukuneSive cnobilia saberZneTSi.
rogorc berZnuli istoriuli dokumentebi iuwyebian, IV sau-
kuneSive igi saqarTvelos imdroindel ufliswuls bakurs
Cautania saberZneTSi. VIII-IX saukuneebSi rogorc dasavluri
graalis, aseve aRmosavluri uflis kvarTis istoria, Camoyal-
ibebul saxes iRebs. dasavleTSi igi werilobiTi saxiT jer ar
arsebobs (Tu ar CavTvliT am istoriis aRmosavlur versias,
romelic arabul enaze dawerili Sevida evropaSi da mogvi-
anebiT kiotis mier iqna amocnobili).
dasavleTSi, realur planSi, graalis moZraoba swored
VIII-X saukuneebSi arsebobda, magram am istoriis saxalxod
gacxadeba XII-XIII saukuneebSi moxda, rodesac saero poemebi
Seiqmna. saqarTveloSi IX-XII saukuneebSi ukve arsebobs teqste-
bi „moqcevis“ Sesaxeb, magram isini samonastro farglebSia mo-
qceuli. XII-XIII saukuneebSi am teqstebs aqac meti saero xasiaTi
eZleva — isini sayovelTao sakiTxavi xdebian.
rogorc vxedavT, aRniSnuli aRmosavluri da dasavluri
istoriebi garegnuladac ki aSkarad msgavsia.
graalisa da uflis kvarTis misteriebs aseve aSkara msgav-
seba gaaCniaT Sinaarsobrivi TvalsazrisiTac. SeiZleba Seva-
daroT maTi damaxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi simboloebis — graa-
lisa da uflis kvarTis sulieri mniSvnelobebi.
graali, ra saxiTac unda iyves igi warmodgenili, Tasi
iqneba igi, Tu saswaulebrivi qva, Tavisi sulieri mniSvnelo-
biT migvaniSnebs sulieri cxovrebis yvelaze ufro uSinaganes
nawilze. igi qristianobis Sinagan, sakralur nawils gamij-
navs misi garegnuli formisagan. graali aris swored sulieri
cxovrebis safuZvelTa safuZveli, misi Sinagani arsi. swored
amitomac scildeba igi Cveulebrivi garegnuli faqtorebiT
SemosazRvrul farglebs da zogadsakacobrio siwmindis saxes
iRebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom graalis misteria Rrmad qristia-
nuli movlenaa, igi gulisxmobs yvela erisa da aRmsareblobis
adamianTa SesaZlo Tanaziarobas. masSi mocemulia dasavleTisa
- 414 -
da aRmosavleTis sulieri erTianobis ideali — zogadsakaco-
brio sulieri erToba — kacobriobis erTiani taZari.
Tu gavixsenebT uflis kvarTis, rogorc sulieri sim-
bolos mniSvnelobas, davinaxavT, rom graalis simbolosTan
misi simetria sruliad aSkaraa.
rogorc zemoT ukve iyo aRniSnuli, Zveli tradiciis
mixedviT, uflis kvarTi, rogorc sulieri simbolo, ganasa-
xierebs im haerovan garss, romelic dedamiwas gars akravs da
erTianad moicavs mTel kacobriobas, miuxedavad erovnebisa
da socialuri mdgomareobisa. msgavsad haerisa, romelic ve-
ranairi qveynebis sazRvrebiT ver gaiyofa, kvarTic ar aris
danawevrebuli. uflis kvarTi zogadsakacobrio siwmindea.
rogorc vxedavT, erTiani, globaluri kulturis sulieri
safuZvlebi naTladaa mocemuli rogorc dasavlur graalis
moZraobaSi, aseve aRmosavluri sulieri cxovrebis im formaSi,
romlis umTavres simbolosac uflis kvarTi warmoadgens. saka-
cobrio taZris mSeneblobis idea gansaxilvel epoqaSi, upirve-
les yovlisa, sulier erTobas gulisxmobda. mxolod mogvi-
anebiT, daaxloebiT XVII-XVIII saukuneebidan am ideam dasavleTSi
garegnul planSi gadainacvla da TandaTan politizebuli xa-
siaTi miiRo. Tanamedrove droSi es garegani nakadi globali-
zaciis sayovelTao moZraobaSi gardaisaxa.
is faqti, rom graalis misteriebis dasavluri forma saTa-
ves aRmosavleTidan iRebs, Tavad am misteriebis Sesaxeb ar-
sebul teqstebSia miTiTebuli. kretien de truas, rober de
boronis da volfram fon eSenbaxis teqstebidan cxadi xdeba,
rom isini manamde arsebul werilobiT teqstebs eyrdnobian. am
teqstebSi mocemuli movlenebi meqanikurad, statistikurad ar
asaxaven istorias. aq moxsenebul toponimebSi am regionebidan
momdinare sulier impulsebze maxvildeba yuradReba. rogorc
irkveva, graalis misteriebis erT-erTi sulieri pirvelwyaro
swored kavkasiidan momdinareobs. volfram fon eSenbaxs mox-
senebuli aqvs kavkasiis qedTan arsebuli qveyana — tauroniti
(tabroniti). aqedan momdinareobs mZlavri misteriuri kul-
tura. marTalia, am qveynis saxeli alegoriulia, magram kavka-
sia, rogorc sulieri fenomeni, cxadia, sruli realobaa. igi
mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli graalis misteriis safuZvlebTan.
aseve bevri Tqmula da dawerila qarTul sulier kulturaSi
SemorCenil im suraT-xatebzec, romlebic aSkara kavSirs amJRavne-
ben graalis misteriisTvis damaxasiaTebel simbolikasTan.
- 415 -
cnobilma germanelma mecnierma frank taixmanma vrceli
gamokvleva miuZRvna kavkasiur kulturaSi arsebuli im mo-
tivebis Seswavlas, romlebic uSualod enaTesaveba dasavleT-
Si arsebul graalis moZraobas.5 rogorc irkveva, imdroindeli
saqarTvelos sulieri cxovreba Rrmadaa gamsWvaluli graalis
moZraobisTvis damaxasiaTebeli TematikiT.
graalis moZraobis amsaxveli dasavluri teqstebi xazgas-
miT aRniSnaven, rom, imis garda, rom graalis moZraobis safuZ-
vlebi aRmosavleTidan momdinareobs, misi momavalic aRmosav-
leTs ukavSirdeba. graalis momavali mefe ioane swored aR-
mosavleTSi mcxovrebi faireficis Zea. Tavis mxriv, fairefici
parcifalis naxevarZmaa. aRiarebulia, rom Tavisi SinaarsiT
graalis moZraoba, faqtobrivad, dasavluri da aRmosavluri
sulieri sibrZnis sinTezia. amgvari ganwyobileba niSandobli-
vad damaxasiaTebelia qarTuli kulturisTvis.
graalTan dakavSirebuli evropuli teqstebis monacemebi
imdenad axloa imave periodis aRmosavlur sulier movlenebTan,
rom amgvari msgavseba SemTxveviTobad ver CaiTvleba. sruliad
aSkaraa, rom maTi pirvelwyaro erTi da igivea. rogorc irkve-
va, IV saukuneSi kapadokiaSi Camoyalibebuli mZlavri qris-
tianuli impulsebi orive mimarTulebiT — aRmosavleTiT da
dasavleTiT gavrcelda. saqarTveloSi igi mcxeTuri qristi-
anuli misteriis saxiT Camoyalibda, xolo dasavleTSi msgavsi
sulieri moZraoba SemdegSi graalis moZraobis saxeliT gaxda
cnobili.
kapadokiaSi es mZlavri qristianuli impulsebi imave peri-
odSi ibadeba, roca mis paralelurad qristianuli dogmatis
Camoyalibeba xdeba. qristianuli dogmati, romlis Semoqmednic,
ZiriTadad, swored kapadokieli mamebi arian, safuZvlad edeba
qristianul saeklesio cxovrebas, xolo meore nakadi ufro
samonastro kedlebis simyudroveSi agrZelebs arsebobas.
im periodSi saqarTvelo da kapadokia mezobeli terito-
riebi iyo. maT Soris sulieri kavSirebi uaRresad mWidro unda
yofiliyo. imdroindel saqarTveloSi mZlavri warmarTuli
kultura arsebobda. kapadokiur garemosTan urTierTobaSi
masac uTuod eqneboda masze zemoqmedebis Zala. am or garemos
Soris sulier urTierTobas ormxrivi saxe unda hqonoda.
- 416 -
§ 2. sibiluri cnobiereba da graalis misteria
zemoT Cven ukve SevexeT sakacobrio istoriaSi gamovle-

nil iseT mniSvnelovan movlenas, rogoricaa sibilizmi. graa-
lis misteriaze saubrisas kidev erTxel gavixsenebT mis zogi-
erT aspeqts. rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, faqtobrivad, sibilizmi
adamianuri SesaZleblobebis garkveuli formaa. sibiluri
cnobiereba gulisxmobs adamianis iseT mdgomareobas, rodesac
mas aqtiuri sulieri mimarTeba gaaCnia im sulier ZalebTan,
romlebic elementarul samyaroSi ireklebian. marTalia, es
sulieri Zalebic zena sferoebidan momdinareoben, magram
sibilasTvis isini, ZiriTadad, stiqiis sulebSi vlindebian.
Zv. w. IV_III aTaswleulebSi, anu Sumerul-egvipturi kulture-
bis zeobis periodSi sibiluri cnobiereba jer kidev marTl-
zomieri movlena iyo. ramdenadac igi Seesabameboda adamianTa
naTelxilvis imdroindel formas, igi sulier samyarosTan
urTierTobis umTavres gzasac warmoadgenda.
Zv. w. I aTaswleulSi mdgomareoba mkveTrad Seicvala. ada-
mianTa naTelxilvis unaris `dabindvasa~ da Sesabamisad az-
rovnebiTi unaris gaZlierebasTan erTad sibilurma cnobiere-
bam marTlzomieri xasiaTi dakarga. bundovnad xiluli sfe-
roebidan momdinare sulieri inspiraciis sworad gadmocema
seriozul problemad iqca. sibilizmma TandaTan SeiZina qao-
sis elementebi da bolos negatiur sulier ZalTa moqmedebis
xelsayrel arenadac gadaiqca. eqstazur mdgomareobaSi myofi
sibilebis qadagebaSi Zalze Wirda erTmaneTisgan garCeuliyo
sulieri aRmafrenis SesaniSnavi gamovlenebi da qaosisa da
cTunebis mTesveli luciferuli inspiraciebi.
zemoT isic iyo aRniSnuli, rom warmarTul epoqaSi sibi-
lur disharmonias umTavresad ebraeli winaswarmetyvelebi da
berZeni filosofosebi aRudgnen win. qristes gansxeulebis
Jams mkveTrad Seicvala sibilizmTan brZolis forma. qristes
impulsis zemoqmedebiT, faqtobrivad, paralizebul iqna ele-
mentarul samyaroSi moqmedi is Zalebi, romlebic sibilur
inspiracias iwvevdnen. qristianobis pirvel saukuneebSic aq-
tiurad mimdinareobda elementaruli samyaros gardaqmna
qristes impulsiT.
sibiluri Zalebis aqtiurobis Seneleba aRniSnul period-
Si uaRresad mniSvnelovan amocanas warmoadgenda. fizikuri da
sulieri samyaros gancda sakuTar `me~-sTan mimarTebaSi axali
- 417 -
epoqis umTavres tendenciebs gansazRvravda.
amitomac ar iyo SemTxveviTi, rom mas Semdeg, rac ebraulma
cnobierebam mkveTrad moswyvita mzera varskvlavur samyaros,
qristianma mamebma dogmatis Camoyalibebis procesSi TiTqmis
mTlianad gaauqmes msjeloba varskvlavuri damwerlobisa da
masTan dakavSirebuli bedisweris Sesaxeb.
varskvlavTmetyvelebis amgvari ugulebelyofa gamowveu-
li iyo ara misi mniSvnelobis SeufaseblobiT, aramed axali
epoqisTvis damaxasiaTebeli TaviseburebebiT. qristianuli
msoflmxedvelobis damkvidrebis procesSi aucilebeli iyo
garkveuli istoriuli periodis manZilze adamianebs gaewyvi-
taT kavSiri sibilur inspiraciasa da varskvlavur metyvele-
basTan da mTeli yuradReba gadaetanaT sakuTari samSvinvelis
SigniT mimdinare procesebisaken, sakuTari adamianuri `me~-s
gancda TandaTan daeaxloebinaT uzenaesi sulieri arsebis —
qristes religiur gancdasTan. am gziT kacobrioba pirvel
nabijebs dgamda im mimarTulebiT, romelic pavle mociqulma
moiniSna rogorc qristianuli cxovrebis ideali — àra me,
aramed qriste CemSi.“
marTalia, qristianobis pirvel saukuneebSi sibilizmi
mkveTrad SeizRuda, magram rogorc movlena igi, cxadia, kvla-
vac agrZelebda arsebobas. qristes impulsis zemoqmedebiT
mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi moxda Tavad stiqiis sulebis gamov-
linebis formaSic. maTi qaosuri gamovlineba mniSvnelovnad
gawonasworda qristes zemoqmedebiT, anu, sxvanairad rom
vTqvaT, moxda elementaruli samyaros qristianizeba — negati-
uri sulieri Zalebis gandevna bunebis sulierebidan.
sibilizmis, rogorc movlenis arseboba gaTvaliswinebul
iqna Tavad eklesiuri cxovrebis farglebSic. adamianebi, rom-
lebsac bunebrivad gaaCndaT miswrafeba elementebidan momdina-
re inspiraciisadmi, ar iyvnen ugulebelyofilni eklesiis mier,
magram maTdami damokidebuleba erTgvarad gansxvavebuli iyo.
eklesiuri cxovrebis farglebSi sibiluri cnobierebis mqone
moRvaweebs salosebi ewodebodaT. ramdenadac maTTvis sibi-
luri inspiracia bunebriv mdgomareobas warmoadgenda, cxadia,
ver aekrZalebodaT amgvari inspiraciiT miRebuli impulsebis
sityvieri gadmocema, magram eklesia sifrTxiles iCenda maTi
sulieri monapovrebis gavrcelebis sferoSi da, rogorc wesi,
iTvaliswinebda salosis imgvar sulier moRvaweobas, rodesac
mis gverdiT unda imyofebodes `fxizeli~ azrovnebis sasuli-
- 418 -
ero moRvawe, romelsac, marTalia, Tavad ara aqvs sibiluri
unari, magram qristianuli msoflmxedvelobis codnis xarjze
Seswevs Zala salosis mier mopovebul inspiraciebs garkveuli
simwyobre mianiWos, erTgvarad qristianuli msoflmxedvelo-
bis filtrSi gaataros salosis sulieri gancdebi, romlebic
garkveuli doziT mainc moicaven qaosis elementebs.
amgvar `fxizel~ saeklesio moRvaweebs qarTul eklesia-
Si `mTargmnelebi~ ewodebodaT. isini, marTlac, gasageb enaze
Targmnidnen salosis mier sulieri samyarodan mopovebul in-
spiraciebs. am gziT xdeboda uvnebelyofa im SesaZlo zianisa,
rac SeiZleboda sibilur cnobierebas moetana qristianuli
cxovrebis sferoSi. Tavad sibilebs `qristesTvis SeSlilebad~
moixseniebdnen, riTac gareSe pirisTvis garkveviT mieniSne-
boda, rom, jer erTi, am adamianebis qadagebis pirdapiri mniS-
vnelobiT miReba ar SeiZleboda, radgan igi Seicavda `SeSli-
lis~ qaotur gamonaTqvamebs, magram, amave dros, adamianebs ar
unda hqonodaT negatiuri damokidebuleba salosebis mimarT,
radgan es `SeSliloba~ qristesTan iyo dakavSirebuli da sa-
losebic qristes sruluflebiani msaxurebi iyvnen.
garkveuli gagebiT, salosebs, romlebic sibilur unarebs
flobdnen, swored am unarebis xarjze gacilebiT ufro `Ria~,
ufro uSualo urTierToba hqondaT sulier samyarosTan, vi-
dre im saeklesio moRvaweebs, romlebic saeklesio cxovrebis
kanonikuri ritualebisa da wesebis aRsrulebiT eweodnen su-
lier moRvaweobas.
sibilizms, rogorc sulier samyarosTan urTierTobis
garkveul formas, uaRresad Rrma Sinagani kavSiri aqvs iseT
sulier movlenasTan, rogoricaa graalis moZraoba. am Sem-
TxvevaSi, cxadia, igulisxmeba ara warmarTuli sibilizmi,
aramed qristes impulsiT ganmsWvaluli buneba, qristianize-
buli elementaruli samyaro, romelSic aseve gansxvavebuli
saxiT vlindeba axali varskvlavuri damwerloba.
parcifalis bavSvoba imgvaradaa gadmocemuli, rom igi
maqsimalurad mowyvetilia sazogadoebis garegnuli cxovre-
bis formebs. mas Semdeg, rac parcifalis mama hamureti Tavis
raindul moRvaweobas Seewira, dedofalma herceloidam gadaw-
yvita erTaderTi vaJi yovelgvari rainduli cxovrebisagan
ganeridebina, raTa masac mamis bedi ar sweoda. parcifali tyis
myudro garemoSi izrdeboda da misi bavSvoba mTlianad bune-
bis silamazis WvretaSi gailia. bavSvi imdenad Rrmad SeeTvisa
- 419 -
bunebis cocxal gamovlinebas, rom zogjer mTel dReebs Cite-
bis WikWiks miyuradebuli atarebda. bunebis suliereba uaR-
resad Rrma gancdebs iwvevda bavSvSi. am gancdebisgan aRelve-
buli igi xSirad tiriliT garboda dedasTan. am periodSi
parcifals ar gaaCnda araviTari saRvTismetyvelo codna, igi
mTlianad mindobili iyo bunebis sulierebas da mxolod is
icoda, rom yovelive am sulierebis miRma arsebobs yovlis-
momcveli RmerTi. Tavad RmerTis gamovlinebis forma imdenad
gaurkveveli iyo bavSvisTvis, rom rodesac tyeSi SemTxveviT
sabrZolo formaSi gamowyobil rainds Sexvda, swored is miiC-
nia RmerTad.
am Sexvedris zemoqmedebiT parcifali raindobas gadaw-
yvets da SeSfoTebuli herceloida ver uwevs winaaRmdegobas
mis daJinebul miswrafebas. jer kidev sruliad umwifari
ymawvili bedis saZebrad miemgzavreba. parcifali sruliad
kargavs deda-Sviluri damokidebulebidan momdinare valde-
bulebebis grZnobas da rainduli suliskveTebiT Sepyrobili
Rrma mwuxarebaSi tovebs herceloidas. es ganSoreba hercelo-
idas gardacvalebis mizezi xdeba.
am SemTxvevaSi poema warmosaxavs uaRresad mniSvnelo-
van suraT-xats, romelic movlenaTa Semdgom ganviTarebas
paralelur zolad gasdevs da, faqtobrivad, graalis mis-
teriis yvelaze ufro uSinaganesi saidumloebebisken mimar-
Tavs Cvens yuradRebas. swored dedisa da Zis urTierTobis
suraT-xati qmnis graalis misteriis centralur imaginacias.
sruliad SeuZlebelia am misteriasTan seriozuli Sexebac ki,
Tuki Rrmad ar iqneba gancdili is grandiozuli kosmosuri
movlena, romelic bibliur istoriaSi vnebis paraskevTanaa
dakavSirebuli.
Tu Sobis saidumlo Zalze zustad da srulyofilad gamo-
isaxa sayovelTaod damkvidrebul xatSi — `RvTismSobeli
yrmiT~, am SemTxvevaSi jvarcmis Semdgomi gancda yvelaze ufro
mWidrod daukavSirda im suraT-xats, romelzec gamosaxulia
jvridan gardmoxsnis Semdeg RvTismSoblisagan jvarcmulis
datireba. es xati Zalze farTod gamoisaxa Suasaukuneebis
saeklesio Tu saero mxatvrobaSic. RvTismSobels muxlebze
jvridan gardmoxsnili macxovari usvenia da mis mwuxarebaSi
gadmocemulia samyaros yvelaze didi tragedia, romelic,
amave dros, samyaros yvelaze ufro didi msxverplicaa.
parcifalis rainduli moRvaweoba tragediiT iwyeba. deda
- 420 -
msxverplad ewireba mis pirvel nabijebs. aseve warumatebelia
parcifalis pirveli rainduli qmedeba, rodesac igi Rirseul
mandilosans xvdeba. parcifalis utaqto qmedebas tragikuli
Sedegi mosdevs mis ojaxur cxovrebaSi. eWvianobis niadagze
qmari ojaxidan aZevebs udanaSaulo meuRles. swored amave
etapze damwyebi raindis winaSe warmodgeba suraT-xati, romlis
aRqmac jer kidev Sors scildeba parcifalis SesaZleblobebs.
swored es Sexvedra gansazRvravs mis momaval beds. parcifali
xedavs tragikul scenas: mSvenier qalwuls muxlebze usvenia
mokluli saqmro. datirebis es scena samudamod ukavSirdeba
parcifalis raindul gzas. qalwuli siguna swored is indivi-
dualobaa, romelic axalgazrda raindSi graalis momaval me-
fes xedavs da mas aniWebs saxels — parcifals.
saqmros datirebis es Semzaravi scena parcifalis Ziebis
yovel gadamwyvet etapze sxvadasxva saxiT warmodgeba. faqto-
brivad, graalis Ziebis mTel istorias paralelurad mihyveba
mokluli saqmros datirebis procesi, rac aRniSnul movlenas
mudmivad akavSirebs vnebis paraskevTan. am TvalsazrisiT, graa-
lis misteriaSi centraluri saidumlo swored vnebis paraske-
vis uSinaganesi gancdaa.
mas Semdeg, rac graalTan pirveli warumatebeli Sexve-
dris Semdeg parcifali xuTwliani Ziebis gzas gadis, am gzis
gadamwyvet momentSi swored vnebis paraskvevs xvdeba gande-
gils, visganac sulierebis uRrmes saidumloebebs eziareba da
sabolood ikvlevs gzas monsalvatisken. swored gandegilTan
saubarSi aRwevs Tavis kulminacias vnebis paraskevis Sinagani
gancda. parcifali yvelaze ufro Rrmad swored axla acno-
bierebs sakuTar dedasTan mimarTebas, sigunas mier saqmros
datirebas da, saerTod, kacobriobis xsnisTvis macxovris mier
daRvrili sisxlis mniSvnelobas. WeSmariti qristianuli sina-
nuliT ganwmendili parcifali graalis Tasis winaSe wardgeba
da mis mier dasmuli kiTxva xsnad evlineba momakvdav amfor-
tass.
graalis misteriasTan miaxleba SeuZlebelia adamianis
azrovnebiTi unaris meSveobiT. amgvari miaxleba mxolod im-
denadaa SesaZlebeli, ramdenadac Rrmad iqneba gancdili gol-
goTis jvarTan macxovris datirebis suraT-xati. macxovris
Wrilobidan gadmodenili sisxli mTel miwier samyaros ganm-
sWvalavs. bunebis stiqiebSi gamJRavnebuli `warmarTuli su-
liereba~ sruliad axali SinaarsiT ivseba. magram am axali su-
- 421 -
lierebis Wvreta mxolod mas Semdegaa SesaZlebeli, roca ka-
cobriobaSi myarad damkvidrdeba macxovris impulsis sakuTar
arsSi, sakuTar adamianur `me~-sTan mimarTebaSi gancda. Zveli
sibilizmis da Zveli astrologiis epoqa golgoTaze damTavr-
da. momavalSi kacobrioba sruliad axleburad ganWvrets am
sferoebSi gamovlenil sulierebas. swored amgvaradaa dasaxu-
li graalis momavali Zieba.6
rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, sibilizms, rogorc movle-
nas, uaRresad Rrma Sinagani kavSiri aqvs graalis misteriasTan.
ufro zemoT ki, ukve ramdenime adgilas, isic iyo naCve-
nebi, rom saqarTveloSi damkvidrebuli qristianuli cxovre-
bis umTavresi Taviseburebebi swored elementarul samyaro-
Si gamovlenil sibilur ZalebTan sruliad gansakuTrebuli
urTierTobebiTaa gansazRvruli. rogorc wminda giorgis,
aseve RvTismSoblis qristianul kultTan dakavSirebul su-
lier nakadebSi garkveva sruliad SeuZlebelia am mimarTebebis
gauTvaliswineblad.
wminda giorgis is qristianuli saxe, romelic ase Rrmadaa
damkvidrebuli saqarTvelos religiur cnobierebaSi, Tavisi
arsiT mWidrod ukavSirdeba warmarTuli berZnuli samyaros
apolonur misteriebs. berZnul samyaroSi apoloni wminda
giorgis uSualo arqetipia. drakoni, romelsac wminda giorgi
amarcxebs, elementarul samyaroSi gamovlenili sulierebis
im disharmoniul mdgomareobas ganasaxierebs, rac istoriis
im etapze ukve damangrevelad moqmedebda adamianTa sulier
mdgomareobaze. wminda giorgi qristianuli impulsiT gardaq-
mnis stiqiis Zalebs, paralizebas ukeTebs maTSi moqmed nega-
tiur luciferul arsebebs da am gziT damorCilebuli dra-
koni, anu qristianizebuli elementaruli samyaro ukve aRar
warmoadgens dabrkolebas qristianuli mrwamsis damkvidrebis
sferoSi. maSin, rodesac dasavleTis egzoteruli qristianobis
farglebSi TiTqmis mTlianad ugulvebelyofilia elementa-
ruli samyaros suliereba da mxolod viwro ezoterul wreeb-
SiRa xdeba qristianizebuli stiqiis sulebis gancda, aRmosav-
leT saqristianoSi, erTi mxriv, wminda giorgis, xolo, kidev
ufro gansxvavebul aspeqtSi RvTismSoblis kultSi uaRresad
Rrmadaa gacnobierebuli am sferoebidan momdinare impulse-
bis mniSvneloba. am SemTxvevaSi sulieri mzera mipyrobilia ka-
cobriobis im Soreuli momavlisaken, rodesac garemomcveli
bunebisa da varskvlavuri samyarodan momdinare suliereba
- 422 -
axali qristianuli ZaliT gadmoiRvreba, riTac sruliad ax-
leburad waikiTxeba bunebis wigni. amave epoqis tendenciebis
momzadebas isaxavda miznad dasavluri graalis misteriac.
parcifalis Semdeg graalis Tasi swored imitom iqna gadatani-
li sulier sferoebSi, rom kacobriobisTvis mxolod garkveu-
li safexurebis gavlis Semdeg gaxdes SesaZlebeli misi miwier
planSi xilva. orive SemTxvevaSi, rogorc aRmosavleTis, aseve
dasavleTis sulier moZRvarTa mzera warRvnisSemdgomi VI
kulturuli epoqiskenaa mipyrobili. orive moZraoba am axali
epoqis sulieri safuZvlebis momzadebas isaxavs miznad.
sveticxovlis misteriaze saubrisas ukve mravalgzis aRi-
niSna, rom saqarTvelos religiuri cxovrebis sferoSi Rrmad
iyo gacnobierebuli is qristianuli misia, rac maT moRvaweobas
`mesame dRis~, anu VI kulturuli epoqis momzadebis saqmeSi
ekisreboda.
rogorc sveticxovlis taZrisa da oqros gonios bare-
liefze saubrisas iyo naCvenebi, maT geometriul agebulebaSi
umTavres rols asrulebda heqsagrama. am geometriul gamosa-
xulebaSi jer kidev uZvelesi warmarTuli sulieri warmod-
genebiT igulisxmeba stiqiaTa harmoniis saidumlo. ori erT-
maneTiT gawonasworebuli wesieri samkuTxedi ganasaxierebs
wylisa da cecxlis stiqiebs. am SemTxvevaSi wyali simbolu-
rad gamosaxvs im RvTaebriv sibrZnes, romelic uZravi, gam-
Wvirvale wyaliviT Tavisufalia adamianur vnebaTaRelvisa da
ltolvebisagan. es RvTaebrivi sibrZne madlis saxiT moedineba
zena samyarodan da radganac wyalic mudmivad zevidan qveviT
moiswrafvis, mis aRsaniSnavad wveriT qveviT mimarTuli sam-
kuTxedi gamoiyeneba.
nax. 56
meore, wveriT zeviT mimarTuli samkuTxedi ganasaxierebs
cecxlis stiqias, anu adamianuri miswrafebebidan momdinare
unarebs, mis SemoqmedebiT moRvaweobas, rac adamianuri ele-
mentis siWarbis gamo, SesaZlo dacemisagan ar aris Tavisu-
fali.
- 423 -
nax. 57
heqsagramaSi es ori urTierTsawinaaRmdego miswrafeba
erT mTlian harmoniaSia mocemuli da amitomac simbolurad
igi ganasaxierebs cecxlisa da wylis SeerTebis saidumlos.
nax. 58
rogorc taZris legendasTan dakavSirebiT iyo naCvenebi,
es problema uaRresad mwvave saxiT daisva solomonis taZris
mSeneblobisas. abeluri da kaenuri sulieri nakadebis Serige-
bis es mcdeloba uaRresad dramatuli saxiT ganviTarda.
sveticxovelTan dakavSirebiT kidev erTxel wina planze
gamodis stiqiebis harmoniis problema, romelic am SemTx-
vevaSi ukve qristianuli epoqis sruliad gansxvavebul safe-
xurze moiazreba. rogorc sveticxovlis misteriaSi vlindeba,
mcxeTaSi warmatebiT xerxdeba stiqiebis qristianizaciisa da
urTierTharmoniis problema.
am SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovani swored isaa, rom graalis
misteriaSi dasmuli problemac swored imave sulieri simbo-
loTia gamoxatuli. graalis misteriis centraluri simboloc
ori samkuTxedis urTierToba, anu heqsagramaa.
am TvalsazrisiT, sveticxovlis misteriisa da graalis
misteriis umTavresi sulieri Sinaarsi erTsa da imave sulier
simboloSia gamoxatuli.
`qarTlis moqceva~ did yuradRebas uTmobs im istoriuli
faqtis gadmocemas, romelic IV saukunis saqarTvelos sulier
garemoSi aResrula da rac, faqtobrivad, warmoadgens wminda
- 424 -
ninos moRvaweobis Sedegad elementaruli samyaros gardaq-
mnas qristes impulsiT. sveticxovlis aRmarTeba, romelic,
TavisTavad, stiqiebidan momdinare sulierebis manifesta-
ciaa, mxolod mas Semdeg xdeba SesaZlebeli, roca wminda ni-
nos locvis ZaliT oTxive stiqiidan negatiuri sulieri Zala
ganidevneba. ra Tqma unda, es brZola mxolod IV saukuneSi ar
mTavrdeba. qarTuli eklesiis wmindanTa da saerTod religi-
ur moRvaweTa cxovrebis Seswavla naTlad adasturebs, rom am
regionSi mimdinare qristianuli moRvaweoba Semdgom sauku-
neebSic niSandoblivad gamoirCeoda im TaviseburebebiT, rom
am moRvaweobaSi mniSvnelovan adgils ikavebda elementarul
samyaroSi mimdinare brZola stiqiis sulebis gardaqmnisa da
gakeTilSobilebisaTvis. rogorc NnaCvenebi iyo, asurel ma-
maTa cxovrebaSi mravladaa amgvari aqcentebi. igive SeiZle-
ba iTqvas grigol xanZTelisa da misi mowafeebis samonastro
moRvaweobis Sesaxebac. bolos ki, qarTuli kulturis gansa-
kuTrebuli zeobis Jams, gelaTis akademiaSi damkvidrebuli
religiuri cnobiereba ukve Camoyalibebul saxes aZlevs bune-
bis Zalebsa da varskvlavur samyarosTan mimarTebis sruliad
gansakuTrebul formas. ioane petriwis skolis naazrevi Tavi-
si arsiT TiTqosda warmarTuli sibrZnis axlebur, qristianul
interpretacias warmoadgens. am SemTxvevaSi igi gvevlineba ara
rogorc azrovnebis CamorCeniloba, aramed rogorc warsulis
memkvidreobis imgvari gadaazreba, romelic Tavis wiaRSi moma-
vlis impulsebs inaxavs.
Tuki aRmosavleT saqristianoSi da gansakuTrebiT kavka-
siaSi arsebuli religiuri cnobierebisaTvis es forma sayo-
velTaod miRebuli da Sesisxlxorcebulia, dasavleT evropaSi
mxolod calkeul ordenebSiRa xdeba mcdelobebi gansuliere-
buli kosmosis safuZvlebis ZiebisTvis. maT Soris gansa-
kuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia graalis moZraobis amgvari miswrafe-
bebi. SemTxveviT ar mieniSneba, rom rodesac xuTwliani Ziebis
Semdeg parcifali monsalvatisken miaWenebs cxens, igi mTeli
dRis ganmavlobaSi micemulia garemomcveli bunebis Wvretas,
xolo RamiT ki varskvlavebiT moWedili cisTvis miupyria mze-
ra. am epizodSi xazgasmiT aRiniSneba, rom graalis Ziebis gza
swored gansulierebuli kosmosis, anu elementarul samyaroSi
gamovlenili sulierebis Wvretis gzaa.7 am sferoebidan xdeba
SeRweva im qvesiRrmeebSi, sadac adamiani macxovris sisxliT
ganmsWvaluli samyaros gancdamde midis. golgoTis jvari sim-
- 425 -
bolurad swored oTxi elementiT ganxorcielebul kosmoss
ganasaxierebs. vnebis paraskevs am jvarze gaakres macxovari da
amdenad graalis misteriaSi warmodgenili am movlenis gancda
swored qristesmieri naTlisRebis gzaa.
§ 3. moqcevis varskvlavTmetyveleba
winamdebare paragrafi exeba `moqcevis~ im epizods, sadac

moTxrobilia mcxeTaSi saswaulebrivi jvris aRmarTebisa da
varskvlavis saswaulze.
`da iyo raJams moekueTa xe igi patiosnisa da Zlevis-myo-
felisa patiosnisa juarisaY, da moaqunda igi aTsa aTeulsa
kacsa ze-ze rtoiTurT da furcliT Semoaqunda qalaqad~.
roca sxva xeebi jer kidev ar Semosiliyvnen foTlebiT, es xe
yvelas aocebda Tavisi `furcel-daucvnelobiT~, simSvenieri-
Ta da surnelebiT.
`maSin Zirsa zeda aRhmarTes, karsa eklesiisasa samxriTsa.
da hbervida wyalTagan niavi da Salvida furcelsa xisa misgan
da aZrevda rtoTa misTa. da iyo xilvaY misi Suenier da sulha-
mo, viTarca smeniT viciT xisa misTvis alvisa. da ese movhkue-
TeT Tuesa martsa k~e-sa (25), dResa paraskevsa. da daadgra xe
igi oc da aTCvidmet dRedmde, da ara Seicvala furceli misi,
viTarca Zirsa zeda mdgomarisaY Tavsa wyaroisasa, vidremdis
yovelni xeni maRnarisani Seimosnes furcliTa da xeni nayofi-
erni Seimkvnes yuaviliTa. maSin TTuesa maissa erTsa Seqmnnes
juarni ese da Svidsa mis Tvisasa aRemarTnes xelis dadebiTa
mefisaiTa, sixaruliTa da didiTa wadierebiTa yovlisa qalaqi-
saiTa, iyvnes raY yovelni igi eklesiasa Sina. da ixiles simrav-
leman qalaqisaman bnelTa maT RameTa, da aha Camovidis juari
cecxlisaY dagvirgvinebuli varskulaviTa da daadgris zeda
eklesiasa vidre ganTiadmde, da yovelni adidebdes RmerTsa
amas zeda. da ganTiad, riJuraJus oden, gamovidis misgan ori
varskulavi: erTi igi warvidis aRmosavaliT, da erTi dasava-
liT, da igi Tavadi egreve dgan mbrwyinvaled, da neliad-neli-
ad gandgis mier kerZo aragusa da dadgis borcusa zeda kldi-
sasa, zemo kerZo, axlos wyarosa mas, romeli-igi aRmoadines
cremlTa wmidisa ninoisTa, da muniT aRmaRldis zecad.~8
am saocrebis mnaxvelni ekiTxebian wminda ninos Tu ra
- 426 -
aris es ucnauri movlena. wminda ninom uTxra mefesa da ers,
rom gagzavnon xalxi `mTaTa zeda maRalTa~ aRmosavleTiT da
dasavleTiT qarTlis samefos sazRvrebamde. `da odes mTiebni
igi gamobrwyinden, ixilon, Tu sada dadgen~ es varskvlavebi.
xolo am adgilebze aRmarTon ori jvari.
`xolo mefeman yo egreT da Seicvna Tavni mTaTani miwyebiT
aT dRe, ese iyo paraskevsa, SabaTad-Ra ganTeneboda, da iyo
saswauli igive, iqmna egreve, viTarca yovladve iqmnis.~
meore dRes movidnen dasavleTiT wargzavnilebi da mefes
moaxsenes, rom varskvlavi gaCerda TxoTis mTis Tavze. aseve
movidnen aRmosavleTiT wargzavnilebic da Tqves, rom meore
varskvlavi `daadgra dabasa bods kaxeTisa queyanasa~. maSin
wminda ninom mimarTa maT, rom erTi jvari aRmarTon TxoTis
mTaze, xolo meore ara bodSi, aramed ujarmaSi, raTa `daba bo-
disi ara winaaRudges qalaqsa mefeTasa, rameTu erisa simravle
ars mun. daba kula bodisi TviT vixiloT saTno igi adgili
RmrTisaY“.
Tavad wminda nino da misi Tanmxlebni mividnen `borcusa
mas queSe, wyarosa mas zeda~ da locvaSi gaaTies Rame.
`da xvalis dRe aRvediT kldesa mas zeda. da mivida netari
nino da davarda qvaTa maT zeda borcvisaTa, da tiroda igi
da mefe da yovelni mTavarni da yoveli igi simravle erisaY,
mamaTaY da dedaTaY, da iyo yrmaTa CCvilTa Jivili, vidremdis
mTanica xma-scemdes.~
amis Semdeg borcvis Tavze ganxorcielda jvris aRmarTeba.
vfiqrobT, es epizodi erT-erT sakvanZo wertils warmoad-
gens `qarTlis moqcevaSi~ da amdenad masSi garkveva seriozul
amocanad gvesaxeba.
dasawyisSi gvinda SevexoT varskvlavebTan dakavSirebul
saswauls.
am epizodis zedapiruli gadaTvalierebac sakmarisia imis
dasadgenad, rom mas aSkara analogia moeZebneba wminda weril-
Sic — kerZod, beTlemis varskvlavTan dakavSirebul istoria-
sTan. rogorc saxarebaSi beTlemis varskvlavia garkveuli ad-
gilisa da movlenis mimaniSnebeli, aseve `moqcevaSi~ mocemuli
varskvlavebic garkveul geografiul adgilebs afiqsireben.
vidre mcxeTis varskvlavebs SevexebodeT, gavixsenoT zo-
gierTi mosazreba beTlemis varskvlavTan dakavSirebiT.
beTlemis varskvlavze arsebuli azrTa sxvadasxvaoba Cve-
ni welTaRricxvis pirvelive saukuneebidan iRebs saTaves da
- 427 -
saboloo Tanxmoba dResac ar arsebobs. ZiriTadi kiTxva am-
gvarad ismis: aris Tu ara beTlemis varskvlavi dakavSirebuli
planetarul-varskvlavur sistemasTan?
mosazrebaTa erT jgufSi iTvleba, rom am varskvlavs ara-
viTari kavSiri ara aqvs mnaTobebTan da igi substantiuradac
sruliad gansxvavebul mnaTobad moevlina mogvebs. es aris
varskvlavTa msgavsad manaTobeli, romlis arsebobac, Tavis
mxriv, aris saswauli da ver Tavsdeba Cveulebrivi azrovne-
bis farglebSi. amgvar mosazrebas mxars uWerda qristianuli
eklesiis iseTi didi avtoriteti, rogoricaa ioane oqropiri.
mogvianebiT igive mosazreba gamoTqva ioane damaskelmac.
Sua saukuneebSi beTlemis varskvlavTan dakavSirebuli po-
lemika RvTismetyvelebis farglebsac gascda da ukve samecnie-
ro wreebSi gadainacvla. XVII saukunis dasawyisSi erTxel kidev
gaixsenes jer kidev pirvel saukuneebSi arsebuli azri imis
Sesaxeb, rom varskvlavTmricxvelma mogvebma ciur sxeulebze
dakvirvebiT gaarkvies macxovris iudeaSi dabadebis Sesaxeb.
cnobili astrologi kepleri 1603-1604 wlebSi akvirdebo-
da unikalur movlenas.9 am periodSi vizualuri dakvirvebi-
sas erTmaneTs emTxveoda sami planeta — iupiteri, saturni da
marsi.
maTematikuri gamoTvlebiT keplerma daadgina, rom es mov-
lena 800 weliwadSi erTxel meordeba. ase rom, 16 saukunis
win igi daemTxveoda swored macxovris dabadebis periods. am
gziT, keplerma CaTvala, rom fizikur planSi beTlemis var-
skvlavi swored am sami planetis erTobas warmoadgenda da am-
denad ieso qriste daibada romis daarsebidan 748 wels.
bevrma saeklesio moRvawem gaiziara es mosazreba mcire
koreqtirebiT (qristes dabadeba — romis daarsebidan 749 wlis
25 dekembers). maTi azriT, mecnieruli azris es monapovari
arafriT ewinaaRmedegeba qristianul dogmats. piriqiT, igi
kidev ufro ganamtkicebs qristianobis istoriis monacemebs
(magaliTad, im faqts, rom irodim daaxocina or wlamde yrme-
bi. ese igi, beTlemis varskvlavi macxovris Sobamde ori wliT
adre gamoCnda).
kepleris gamokvlevebs mravali mxardamWeri gamouCnda
marTlmadideblur samyaroSic. magaliTad, rusuli marTlma-
didebluri eklesiis erT-erT kompetentur wyaroSi aRniSnu-
lia, rom macxovris gankaceba TavisTavad aris didi saocreba
da am saocrebis sxva saocrebiT axsnis mcdeloba mas arafers
- 428 -
matebs. bunebas swored bunebrivi movlenebiT unda daedas-
turebina macxovris gankacebis saswauli.10
ra Tqma unda, macxovris dabadebasTan dakavSirebuli as-
trologiuri Tvalsazrisi mxolod statistikis fiqsaciiT ar
Semoifargleba da Tavisebur axsnas uZebnis, Tu ratom mainc-
damainc iupiteri, saturni da marsi emTxveva erTmaneTs am pe-
riodSi.
Tanamedrove TeologiaSi zogjer gamoiTqmis mcdari
mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom maxareblebi saerTod uaryofen
astrologiur monacemebs. uZvelesi qristianuli gadmocemebi
da sxvadasxva saRvTismetyvelo wyaroebi ki mravalgzis adas-
tureben, rom saxarebebSi mocemuli cnobebi srul Sesabamiso-
baSia im periodisTvis damaxasiaTebel astrologiur movle-
nebTan. xolo roca saxarebiseuli movlenebis fiqsirebisas
saubaria kviris dReebze, an dRe-Ramis Semadgenel saaTebze,
am SemTxvevaSi swored mnaTobTa gansazRvruli konstilaciebi
mieniSneba.
Cven ar gagvaCnia raime cnoba imis Sesaxeb, Tu konkretu-
lad romel saRvTismetyvelo koncefcias iziarebda `qarTlis
moqcevis~ avtori, magram Tavad teqstis analizi gvafiqre-
binebs, rom igi SesaniSnavad erkveva urTules astrologiur
movlenebSi da azris gadmocemisas Tavadac xSirad iyenebs aqe-
dan momdinare suraT-xatebs.
pirveli, rac sruliad aSkaradaa mocemuli `moqcevis~ gan-
saxilvel epizodSi, aris is, rom am SemTxvevaSic saubaria erT-
maneTTan damTxveul sam varskvlavze. zecidan cecxlis saxiT
Camosuli jvari dagvirgvinebulia varskvlaviT. ganTiadisas am
varskvlavidan gamodis ori varskvlavi, erTi midis aRmosavle-
TiT, meore dasavleTiT, xolo umTavresi varskvlavi mxolod
mcired gadainacvlebs aragvis meore napirisken da iq arse-
buli borcvis Tavze gaCerdeba. am gziT mieniSneba sami jvris
aRmarTebis adgilebi.
cxadia, am jvrebis raodenobac uSualo kavSirSia jvarcmis
dRes golgoTaze aRmarTul aseve sam jvarTan.
saintereso ricxviT simbolikaSia moTxrobili am jvrebis
aRmarTebis epizodi:
jvris dasamzadeblad saswaulebrivi xis mokveTis Sesaxeb
naTqvamia: `da ese movhkueTeT Tuesa martsa k~e-sa (25), dResa
paraskevsa. da daadgra xe igi oc da aTCvidmet dRedmde, da ara
Seicvala furceli misi . . . “ Semdeg pirvel maiss misgan Seuqm-
- 429 -
niaT jvrebi, magram maSinve ki ar aRumarTavT, aramed maisis 7
ricxvamde moucdiaT da mxolod maSin aRumarTavT.
xis mokveTis TariRi (25 marti) uSualod ukavSirdeba gazaf-
xulis buniobis dRes, xolo is faqti, rom am dRes paraskevi
yofila, pirdapir paralels qmnis jvarcmis epizodTan. amave
dros, 25 marti, cxadia, qristianuli kalendris erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani TariRicaa. am dRes aRiniSneba xareba.
aRniSnuli xisgan damzadebuli jvris aRmarTebas mosdevs
saswauli, romelic afiqsirebs jvris monastris adgils. ram-
denadac cnobilia, jvris monastris borcvi uSualod sim-
bolur simetriaSia golgoTis mTasTan da misi saxelic swored
aqedan momdinareobs.
ramdenadac aRdgomis dResaswauli gazafxulis buniobis
wertilidan aiTvleba, aRniSnul epizodSic swored am dRes
xdeba jvris mokveTa (Tanac paraskevs). aqve avtori azustebs
Tavad axlad Seqmnili jvris sulier mniSvnelobasac. mokveTi-
li xisgan jvari maSinve ki ar iqna damzadebuli, aramed 37
dRis Semdeg. cxadia, arc es ricxvia SemTxveviTi.
rogorc cnobilia, aRdgomis dResaswauli kalendarulad
moZravia da misi Sesabamisi dRis gamoangariSeba Semdegnairad
xdeba:
aRdgoma aRiniSneba gazafxulis dReRamtolobis (ese igi,
buniobis) Semdeg mTvaris aRvsebis momdevno kvira dRes. es ki
niSnavs, rom aRdgomis dResaswauli gazafxulis buniobidan
SeiZleba maqsimalurad dacilebuli iyos mTvaris erT Tves
(29,5 dRe-Rame) damatebuli erTi kvira (7 dRe-Rame), anu ja-
muri 37 dRe-RamiT.
rogorc vxedavT, teqstSi dafiqsirebuli ricxvi 37 swored
am diapazons miuTiTebs.
aqve gaTvaliswinebulia aRdgomis kalendaruli aTvlis
kidev erTi niuansic. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu xsenebuli meTodiT
gamoTvlili dRe zustad daemTxveva ebraelebis paseqs, aRdgo-
ma gadaitaneba momdevno kvirisaTvis.
swored amitomac `moqcevaSi~ naTqvamia, rom xis mokveTi-
dan 37 dRis Semdeg damzadebuli jvari maSinve (`TTuesa maissa
erTsa~) ki ar aRmarTes, aramed `Svidsa mis Tvisasa~. ese igi,
gaTvaliswinebul iqna es SesaZlo gadanacvlebac.
sainteresoa, rom aRdgomis kalendaruli aTvlis es forma
swored nikeas krebaze iqna dakanonebuli. manamde saqristianos
aRmosavleT nawilSi, maT Soris bizantiaSic, aRdgomas ebrael-
- 430 -
ebis paseqis Tanxvdenilad zeimobdnen. nikeas krebam es qmedeba
SecTomilebad miiCnia da aRdgomis dRis gamoTvlis xsenebuli
meTodi daakanona.
teqstSi mocemuli TariRebi uSualo simetriaSia elene
dedoflis mier napovni golgoTis jvris istoriasTanac.
ùZvelesi eortalogiuri tradiciiT, elene dedoflis mier
jvris povna moxda 3 maiss. SviddRiani liturgiuli `Sedegis~
Tanaxmad, `ganteveba~ dResaswaulisa modioda xolme 10 maiss,
romeli dRec Zveli praqtikiT, iseTive dResaswauli iyo,
rogorc TviT sami maisi~.11
rogorc vxedavT, aqac adgili aqvs erT kvirian sxvaobas.
mixedavad imisa, rom jvari 3 ricxvSi iqna napovni, 10 maisic
didi dResawauliT aRiniSneba.
`moqcevaSi~ sagangebod xazgasmulia, rom jvris dasamzade-
blad gankuTvnili moWrili xe mTeli 37 dRis ganmavlobaSi
furclovani iyo da mxolod amis Semdeg moxda misgan jvris
damzadeba. ese igi, jvari aRdgomis Semdeg damzadda, Tanac
rodesac ukve sxva xeebic ayvavebuli iyo. amiT avtori miu-
TiTebs, rom mcxeTaSi damzadebuli jvari ar mianiSnebs golgo-
Tis jvris imgvar aspeqts, rasac gulisxmobs jvris damzadeba
jvarcmisTvis. mcxeTis jvari ukavSirdeba am jvris golgoTis
Semdgom mniSvnelobas, ese igi, aRdgomis Semdgom mniSvnelobas
— ayvavebul jvars — simbolos ayvavilebuli samoTxis xisa.
swored amitomac, am droisaTvis ukve `xeni nayofierni Seim-
kvnes yuaviliTa~, rac kidev erTxel azustebs mcxeTis jvris
simbolur mniSvnelobas.
roca saubaria jvris monastris adgilas jvris aRmarTeba-
ze, iq ukve naTqvamia, rom es moxda `dResa kviriakesa, aRvsebisa
zatikisa zatiksa~.12
ese igi, jvari kvira dRes aRmarTula. xolo zatiki sul-
xan-sabas ganmartebiT aris igive gamoxsna, ganTavisufleba, aR-
dgoma. am SemTxvevaSi sruliad aSkaraa, rom am jvris aRmarTeba
uSualo simetriaSia golgoTis jvarTan, xolo misi aRmarTebis
dRe simbolurad swored aRdgomis dRes ukavSirdeba.
marTalia, qristianul RvTismetyvelebaSi TiTqosda co-
taa saubari astrologiuri movlenebis Sesaxeb, magram sakma-
risia gadavxedoT qristianul wliur kalendars, rom advilad
davrwmundebiT — igi zedmiwevniT zustad iTvaliswinebs mTeli
wlis ganmavlobaSi arsebul astrologiur movlenebs. rogorc
vnaxeT kidec, aRdgomis dResaswaulis aTvlis wesi swored am
- 431 -
azris erT-erTi dadasturebaa.
sagulisxmoa, rom mcxeTis varskvlavebis epizodic swored
am konteqstSia moTxrobili. gamodis, rom gansaxilveli epi-
zodi, erTi mxriv, ukavSirdeba golgoTis jvris aRmarTebas,
xolo, meore mxriv, macxovris Sobisas gamoCenili varskvlavis
saxarebiseul cnobebs. `moqcevis~ erT-erT fragmentSi es kav-
Siri saocrad lakoniurad da xatovnadaa mocemuli. kerZod,
roca jvrebis adgilebi ukve garkveulia varskvlavTa meSveo-
biT, xdeba jvris aRmarTeba mcxeTasTan arsebul borcvze —
dRevandeli jvris monastris adgilas.
`da xvalis dRe aRvediT kldesa mas zeda. da movida netari
nino da davarda qvaTa maT zeda borcvisaTa, da tiroda igi
da mefe da yovelni mTavarni da yoveli igi simravle erisaY,
mamaTaY da dedaTaY, da iyo yrmaTa CCvilTa Jivili, vidremdis
mTanica xma-scemdes.~
rogorc vxedavT, mcxeTis varskvlavTa gamoCenis Semdeg
jvris aRmarTebas Tan axlavs saocari glovis suraTi. erTi
mxriv, rogorc golgoTaze momxdari jvarcmis gancda, es epi-
zodi araviTar gaugebrobas ar unda iwvevdes, magram am aR-
weraSi CarTulia sagulisxmo gamoTqma: ìyo yrmaTa CCvilTa
Jivili~.
ras unda niSnavdes jvris aRmarTebisas Cvil bavSvTa Jivi-
li?
cxadia, es aris xatovani miniSneba swored saxarebiseul
epizodze, roca beTlemis varskvlavis gamoCenisa da ufli-
sadmi mogvTa Tayvaniscemis Semdeg irodim or wlamde Cvili
yrmebi daaxocina beTlemsa da mis SemogarenSi.
mcxeTaSi, cxadia, araviTar CvilTa daxocvaze ar aris
saubari, magram `moqcevis~ avtori saocrad xatovani fraziT
mianiSnebs beTlemTan arsebul paralelze. am SemTxvevaSi mo-
cemulia ara faqti, aramed imaginacia.
Tu kvlav mcxeTis sam varskvlavs davubrundebiT, SeiZleba
amgvarad daisvas sakiTxi: SeiZleba, Tu ara, rom am sam var-
skvlavSi, marTlac, konkretuli mnaTobebic igulisxmebodes?
vfiqrobT, sakiTxis amgvari dasmis gareSec `moqcevis~
gansaxilvel epizodSi sakmaod naTladaa mocemuli beTlemis
varskvlavidan momdinare sulieri aspeqtebi, magram, albaT, ar
iqneba uadgilo, Tu mokled SevexebiT `moqcevis~ varskvlavT-
metyvelebis am aspeqtsac.
rogorc iTqva, dasavleTiT wasuli varskvlavi gaCerda
- 432 -
TxoTis mTis Tavze. ra SeiZleba vigulisxmoT am mTis etimo-
logiaSi?
am sakiTxze saintereso mosazreba gamoTqva vladimer xvi-
tiam. man TxoTi daukavSira egviptur ToTs.13 rogorc cnobi-
lia, ToTi Seesabameba imave hermess, anu laTinuri dasaxelebiT
— merkuris sulier Zalebs. ese igi, SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom
TxoTis Tavze planeta merkuri gaCerda (Tuki mnaTobSi re-
alurad arsebul planetas vigulisxmebT).
danarCeni ori planetis Sesaxebac SeiZleba gamoiTqvas
garkveuli varaudi.
`moqcevis~ imave epizodis mixedviT gamoricxulia, rom
erT-erTi planeta venera iyos, radgan roca wminda nino var-
skvlavebis kvalze gzavnis macneebs, igi mefes eubneba:
`da odes mTiebni igi gamobrwyinden, ixilon, Tu sada dad-
gen da munca aRhmarTeniT orni ese juarni . . . “
mTiebni, cxadia, veneraa da amdenad irkveva, rom moZrav
varskvlavebSi igi ar monawileobs.
Tu Svidi mnaTobidan gamovricxavT mzes, mTvares, veneras
da ukve dasaxelebul merkurs, danarCeni ori varskvlavis
saxeldebisTvis sul sami planetaRa gvrCeba. SeiZleba vivarau-
doT, rom aRmosavleTiT, bodisaken wasul mnaTobSi igulis-
xmeba marsi. jer erTi imitom, rom uZveles sulier warmodge-
nebSi buda Zalze mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli marsis ZalebTan,
da meorec, roca wminda nino cvlis Tavis gadawyvetilebas
bodSi jvris aRmarTebis Sesaxeb, igi amgvarad xsnis am movle-
nas: `dabaY bodisi ara winaaRudges qalaqsa mefeTasa, rameTu
erisa simravle ars mun~.
ese igi, bodSi mosalodneli iyo winaaRmdegoba mefis mi-
marT. winaaRmdegobisa da amboxebis (da saerTod, sabrZolo
ganwyobilebis) sulieri Zalebi swored marsidan momdinareo-
ben.
rac Seexeba did varskvlavs, romelic sveticxovlidan mxo-
lod mcired gadanacvlda aRmosavleTiT da jvris mTis Tavze
gaCerda, SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom igi SesaZloa saturni yo-
filiyo. am movlenisas SabaTi dRe Tendeboda da amis Sesaxeb
sagangebod mieniSneba gansaxilvel epizodSi. rogorc cnobi-
lia, SabaTi swored saturnis dRea.
Tu gamoTqmul varaudebs davuSvebT, SeiZleba vigulis-
xmoT, rom mcxeTis varskvlavi fizikur planSi warmoadgens
sami mnaTobis, merkuris, marsis da saturnis erTobliobas.
- 433 -
gavixsenoT, rom beTlemis varskvlavSi iupiteri, marsi da sa-
turni igulisxmeboda.
ra Tqma unda, warmodgenil uwyebaTa pirdapiri gagebis
SemTxvevaSi bevr gaurkvevlobasTan gveqneba saqme. pirvel rig-
Si, cxadia, Zalze pirobiTi cnebaa varskvlavis rame konkre-
tuli adgilis Tavze gaCerebac. im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tuki amgvar
mdgomareobad planetis zenitSi dgomas vigulisxmebT, mainc
arasrulyofili suraTi gveqneba. zenitSi planetebi arasodes
dganan, radgan maTi moZraobis traeqtoria mzis gzazea damo-
kidebuli da, amdenad, yovelTvis met-naklebad samxreTisken
imyofebian.
wminda fizikur planSi, cxadia, sxvac bevri winaaRmdego-
ba SeimCneva. magaliTad, is, rom zeda kulminaciaSi merkuri
arasodes aris xilvadi, xolo ciskrisas, rogorc es teqstSia
naTqvami, igi aucileblad aRmosavleTiT gamoCndeboda caze.
rogorc ukve araerTxel aRiniSna, `moqcevis~ avtori ara-
sodes amaxvilebs yuradRebas movlenis fizikur mxareze da mis
cnobebSi mudam sulieri faqtebi unda vigulisxmoT. fizikur
planSi ganxilvis SemTxvevaSi msgavsi winaaRmdegobebi, cxadia,
beTlemis varskvlavTan dakavSirebiTac arsebobs da swored
amitomac eklesia yuradRebas amaxvilebs movlenis mxolod
sulier mxareze da ara fizikurze.
rac Seexeba planetebis sxvadasxva mxares moZraobas, am
movlenas garkveuli safuZveli gaaCnia astronomiaSi. mcxeTis
varskvlavebis moZraobebis mimarTulebebi ar ewinaaRmdegeba
planetebis moZraobis suraTs uZrav varskvlavTa cis mimarT.
rogorc cnobilia, dedamiwidan dakvirvebisas Cans, rom
varskvlavTa ca ucvleli saxiT moZraobs dedamiwis irgvliv
(cxadia, sinamdvileSi es aris dedamiwis moZraoba sakuTari Re-
rZis irgvliv).
uZravi varskvlavebis urTierTganlageba ar icvleba. sa-
zogadod, planetebic varskvlavTa msgavsad aRmosavleTidan
dasavleTisaken moZraoben dedamiwis irgvliv, magram maTi moZ-
raobis xasiaTi ar aris iseTi myari, rogorc varskvlavTa cisa
(amitomac ewodebaT maT cTomilebi). jer kidev uZveles babi-
lonur da berZnul astrologiur moZRvrebebSi iyo cnobili,
rom planetebi moZraobisas mcired CamorCebian varskvlavTa
cas, ese igi, Tavad varskvlavTa cis mimarT isini mcired gada-
adgildebian dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisken. mcxeTis var-
skvlavebidan amgvari suraTi gvaqvs im mnaTobisTvis, romelic
- 434 -
mcired gadaadgilda da sveticxovlidan jvris Tavze gadai-
nacvla.
amis garda, planetebs axasiaTebT gansakuTrebuli movle-
nebic. zogjer isini TiTqosda caze Cerdebian da Semdeg var-
skvlavTa cis mimarT mkveTrad dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisken
moZraoben. am movlenas dRevandeli termonologiiT planetis
maryuJi ewodeba. magaliTad, amgvar maryuJs merkuri weli-
wadSi samjer akeTebs, xolo venera, xuTjer. fizikur planSi
am movlenis axsna dReisTvis aRaraviTar sirTules aRar war-
moadgens, magram amjerad am sakiTxze ar gavamaxvilebT yura-
dRebas.
swored amgvar cTomil moZraobas SeiZleba asrulebdes
`moqcevaSi~ moxsenebuli `varskvlavi~, romelic dasavleTidan
aRmosavleTisken miemarTeba.
amjerad gvinda yuradReba gavamaxviloT ara am movlenaTa
fizikur mxareze, aramed imaze, Tu ras mianiSneben es moZrao-
bebi sulieri TvalsazrisiT.
`moqceva~ mogviTxrobs, rom varskvlaviT dagvirgvinebuli
cecxlovani jvari cidan daeSva `bnelTa maT RameTa~. xolo
Semdeg naTqvamia, rom varskvlavis gayofa ganTiadisas moxda
(`da ganTiad, riJuraJus oden, gamovidis misgan ori varsku-
lavi~).
bnel Rames gamoCenili varskvlavi, cxadia, sruliad bune-
brivia, magram am varskvlavebis mkveTri amoZraveba swored
ganTiadis Semdeg, erTi SexedviT, sakmaod ucnaurad gamoi-
yureba.
varskvlavTa moZraobiT miniSnebuli movlenis Sesacnobad
aucilebelia gairkves am moZraobaTa mimarTeba mzesTan.
swored es aris umTavresi amosavali piroba.
uZvelesi egvipturi, induri da sxva kulturaTa warmod-
genebi am mxrivac Tanxvdenilia. roca mze dRis ganmavlobaSi
moZraobs aRmosavleTidan dasavleTisken, es, cxadia, aris mzis
xiluli moZraoba cis sferoze. mas Semdeg, rac mze dasavle-
Tis horizonts miefareba, misi moZraoba ganixileba rogorc
moZraoba dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisken. mze Ramis ganmav-
lobaSi misi dRiuri traeqtoriis sapirispiro mimarTulebiT
gadaadgildeba aRmosavleTisken. uZveles misteriebSi swored
mzis am sulier xilvas ewodeboda Ramis mzis xilva, xolo yve-
laze dabal kulminaciaSi igi warmodgeba rogorc SuaRamis
mze. ase rom, yvela uZveles misteriaSi cnobili iyo, rom su-
- 435 -
lieri mzis, anu SuaRamis mzis gza mudam dasavleTidan aR-
mosavleTisken miemarTeba.14
dReisTvis gabatonebuli azrovnebis formisTvis SuaRamis
mzis gancda, cxadia, erTgvar abstraqcias warmoadgens, magram
Zveli drois xeldasxmulTaTvis igi sruli realoba iyo. Su-
aRamis meditaciaSi isini sulieri xedviT aRiqvamdnen mocis-
fro naTebas cis sapirispiro mxares. sulieri mze mTeli Ramis
ganmavlobaSi uaxlovdeboda aRmosavleTis horizonts.
gavixsenoT Tundac Zveli egvipturi samarxebis mxatvroba.
am mxatvrobis umTavres Temas warmoadgens is movlenebi, rac
xdeba adamianis gardacvalebis Semdeg. miwieri samyarodan Ca-
suli mze naviT miemarTeba dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisken. aqve
Zalze xSirad gvxvdeba scenebi, sadac gamosaxulia micvalebu-
lis wardgena mzis RmerTisadmi. ozirisi zis taxtze, xolo
mas micvalebulis suls warudgens ToTi, anu igive merkuri.
swored ToTi (hermesi, merkuri) gvevlineba Suamavlad adami-
anis sulsa da mzis RmerTs Soris.
amgvari warmodgenebidan momdinareobs ciur sxeulTa moZ-
raobaTa mimarTulebebis sulieri mniSvnelobebis gansazRvra.
magaliTad, roca merkuri RamiT moZraobs aRmosavleTisken,
ese igi, varskvlavTa cis sawinaaRmdegod (anu Tanamedrove
eniT — igi akeTebs maryuJs), es movlena aRiqmeba, rogorc
am mnaTobis sulieri winamZRoloba mziuri arsebisken. qris-
tianul simbolikaSi mzis simboloSi igulisxmeba qriste. ese
igi, am SemTxvevaSi, mnaTobi adamianebs mianiSnebs gzas SuaRamis
mzisken, anu qristesken.
aqve SevniSnavT, rom SuaRamis mzis cnebac seriozul ad-
gils ikavebs `moqcevaSi~. mirian mefis uwyebaSi (wminda ninos
Sesaxeb) vkiTxulobT:
àman wmidaman aRanTo gulsa Cemsa sanTeli naTlisaY da Su-
vaRames oden meCuena me mze mbrwyinvale, qriste RmerTi Cueni,
romlisa naTeli misi ara moakldes ukunisamde.~15
amave dros, mirian mefisagan sulieri mzis xilva xde-
ba swored TxoTis mTaze, sadac Semdeg merkurma daafiqsira
jvris aRmarTebis adgili. arc is aris SemTxveviTi, rom Txo-
Tis mTaze sulieri mzis gacxadeba xdeba ara RamiT, aramed
SuadRisas, Sua zafxulis mcxunvare dRes.
20 ivliss mefe miriani sanadirod gavida TxoTis mTaze.
Sua dRisiT `dabnelda mis zeda mze, da iqmna Rame ukuni, bneli
friad. dafarna bnelman areni da adgilni igini~.16
- 436 -
sasowarkveTilebaSi Cavardnil mirians mxolod mas Semdeg
amoubrwyinda mze, roca wminda ninos RmerTs, ieso qristes
SesTxova Svela. am saswauliT daiwyo mirian mefis moqceva.
cxadia, am SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba saubari rame moCvenebiT
bunebriv movlenaze, radgan `moqcevis~ avtori sruliad aSka-
rad laparakobs RvTaebriv gamocxadebaze — ufro konkretu-
lad, saxeze gvaqvs fizikuri, anu xiluli mzis dabneleba da
sulieri mzis, anu SuaRamis mzis gamocxadeba.
mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom es movlena xdeba dRisiT.
gavixsenoT, rom SemdegSi varskvlavebic gamTeniisas iwyeben
moZraobas da ara RamiT, rogorc Cveulebriv gvxvdeba xolme
sxva warmodgenebSi.
vfiqrobT, am SemTxevevaSi miniSnebulia is grandiozuli
cvlileba, rac moxda dedamiwis istoriaSi macxovris gankace-
bis Semdeg. manamde Tu sulier samyarosTan urTierToba, Ziri-
Tadad, Rameuli azrovnebis gziT xorcieldeboda, golgoTis
movlenebis Semdeg wina planze gamodis dRis iniciacia — qris-
tianuli iniciacia ara sizmriseuli azrovnebis doneze, aramed
fxizeli azrovnebiT. amitomac, sulieri mzisadmi mimarTeba
TxoTis mTaze nadirobisasac da varskvlavTa moZraobisasac
dRisiT xorcieldeba.
swored am konteqstSi SeiZleba aixsnas is faqti, rom
merkuri moZraobs aRmosavleTidan dasavleTisken, anu mzis
dRiuri moZraobis mimarTulebiT. es movlena rom Ramis peri-
odisTvis yofiliyo aRwerili, maSin imave arsis gadmosacemad
saWiro iqneboda merkurs dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisken emoZ-
rava, anu Rameuli mzis moZraobis mimarTulebiT (rogorc es
iyo Zvel misteriebSi). `moqcevaSi~ merkuri gvevlineba rogorc
kacobriobis megzuri sulieri mzisken, anu ieso qristesken.
amitomac, mirianis moqceva swored TxoTidan iwyeba.
Zalze mniSvnelovania is faqtic, rom mirianis TvalT-
dabneleba xdeba 20 ivliss, anu ilia winaswarmetyvelis dRes
— bunebis stiqiaTa Zalebis maqsimaluri gamovlenis dRes.
***
Tu `moqcevis~ mier moTxrobil ambavs davakvirdebiT, ad-

vilad SevamCnevT amgvar Taviseburebas: dawyebuli pirvelive
striqonebidan, sadac moTxrobilia aleqsandre makedonelis
daxmarebiT qarTvelTa qarTlSi damkvidrebis Sesaxeb, mov-
- 437 -
lenebi TiTqosda gamokveTilad garkveuli mimarTulebiT
viTardeba. Tu am movlenebs xatovnad moZraobis saxiT war-
movsaxavT, davinaxavT, rom mTeli es nakadi xazgasmulad erTi
centrisken ikribeba.
pirvelad aleqsandre makedonels qarTvelebi mohyavs qar-
Tlisken, Semdeg uflis kvarTi CamoaqvT mcxeTaSi da, rogorc
nikoloz kaTalikosi ityoda, winaswarve ganisazRvreba qar-
TvelTa èrad sazepurod~ Semzadeba. Semdeg ukve wminda nino
moemarTeba saqarTvelosken. rogorc naCvenebi iyo, misi qarTl-
Si Camosvlis istoria imgvar imaginaciur xatebSia moTxro-
bili, rom naTlad warmoCindeba is sulieri nakadi, romelic
mcxeTur garemoSi efesos, ierusalimis (anu ebrauli samyaros)
da agreTve berZnul-romauli samyaroebidan iRvreba.
Tavad sveticxovlis aRmarTebac uaRresad Rrmad gaazre-
bul sulier xatebs gvTavazobs. pirvelad xdeba taZris eqvsi
svetis aRmarTeba, sadac imaginaciurad mieniSneba paralelze
moses karavTan — wminda nino taZris mSeneblobas awarmoebs
rogorc moses karvis mSenebeli beselieli. Semdeg, meSvide sas-
waulebrivi svetis aRmarTebis win xdeba grandiozuli movlena
— wminda nino uflis ZaliT amarcxebs im negatiur sulier ar-
sebebs, romlebic mocemul garemoSi dedamiwis elementebidan
moqmedeben. mxolod amis Semdegaa SesaZlebeli cocxali sve-
tis aRmarTeba, romelic, Tavis mxriv, marTalia, moses svetTan
dakavSirebul cecxlovan svetsac ganasaxierebs, magram, amave
dros, misi mniSvneloba bevrad ufro gafarToebulia. sanam
igi RvTismSoblis msaxebel svetad aRimarTeba, imaginaciurad
moicavs solomonis taZris svetis sulier aspeqtebsac. `mo-
qceva~ warmosaxavs solomonis taZris mSeneblis xuramis su-
raT-xats. ramdenadac samoTxiseuli xidan mokveTili totis
istoria solomonis taZris gavliT golgoTaze aRmarTuli
jvriT grZeldeba, `moqcevac~ iTvaliswinebs am istorias da
sveticxovelTanac saswaulebrivi jvris aRmarTebis Sesaxeb
gvauwyebs.
vfiqrobT, sruliad SeuZlebelia sveticxovlis sulier
arsSi sworad garkveva, Tu cocxal svetsa da sveticxovlis
jvars erT mTlian xatSi ar moviazrebT. es jvari swored sve-
ticxovlis erT-erT aspeqts, golgoTis jvridan momdinare as-
peqts warmoaCens. am TvalsazrisiT, mniSvnelovania `moqcevis~
is uwyeba, romelic wminda ninos qarTlSi moRvaweobis sawyis
etapzeve afiqsirebs cocxali xisa da qristianuli jvris urTi-
- 438 -
erTSerwymis imaginaciur suraT-xats. jer kidev mcxeTaSi Ses-
vlamde, armazis kerpebis msxvrevis Semdeg wminda nino cocxal
xeze gamosaxavs qristes jvars da masze loculobs (`da mun
dga xe Suenieri brinjisaY, maRali da rtomravali. moved queSe
xesa mas da gamoviniSe niSi igi qristes juarisaY. da vilocevdi
mun equs dRe~).17
es imaginaciuri xati SemdgomSi ukve grandiozul saxes
iRebs, roca uflis kvarTis saflavze jer cocxali sveti,
xolo Semdeg aseve sicocxlis xesTan dakavSirebuli saswau-
lebrivi jvari aRimarTeba. SemdgomSi ki am ori simbolos er-
Toba imaSic gamoixateba, rom Tavad sveticxovlis Zelic mcire
zomis jvrebad iSleba.
rogorc vxedavT, mTeli es istoria imgvarad warmogvid-
gens mcxeTaSi aRmarTul svets, rom naTlad iqnas gadmocemu-
li sveticxovlis erT-erTi centraluri saidumlo — mcxeTaSi
aRmarTuli sveti mas Semdegac ki, roca igi mokveTil iqna xis-
gan da taZris svetad aRimarTa, mainc mouwyveteli darCa bune-
bis Zalebisagan. bunebis Zalebi, anu stiqiis sulebi, romelTa
qristianizebac xazgasmiT mieniSneba, kvlavac Rrma Sinagan
kavSirSi rCebian cocxal svetTan, anu bunebaSi gamovlenili
suliereba kvlavac mouwyveteli rCeba qristianobis im for-
masTan, romelic sruliad specifikuri saxiT viTardeba saqar-
TveloSi. rogorc zemoT bevrjer iyo naCvenebi, saqarTveloSi
damkvidrebuli qristianuli cxovrebis forma mravalgzis
adasturebs am mosazrebas.
swored sveticxovlis aRmarTebiT mTavrdeba qarTlis su-
lieri istoriis is monakveTi, romelsac `qarTlis moqceva~
uaRresad saintereso suraT-xatebSi warmosaxavs.
sveticxovlis aRmarTebis Semdeg `qarTlis moqceva~ iZ-
leva saocar miniSnebas movlenebis Semdgomi ganviTarebis Sesa-
xeb. Tu manamde movlenaTa areali TandaTan viwrovdeboda da
bolos yvela suraT-xati erT warmosaxviT centrSi, uflis
kvarTis daflvis adgilas ikribeba, amjerad sveticxovlis aR-
marTebis Semdeg TiTqosda yvela mimarTulebiT iwyeba am cen-
tridan momdinare impulsebis gavrceleba, gafarToeba.
sveticxovlis Tavze gamoCenili varskvlavidan gamodis
ori varskvlavi, romelTagan erTi dasavleTiT miemarTeba, me-
ore — aRmosavleTiT. sveticxovelTan Seqmnili jvrebi orive
mimarTulebiT vrceldeba. mogvianebiT es suraT-xati kidev
ufro Rrmavdeba, roca gveuwyeba, rom mirdat mefis dros
- 439 -
Tavad sveticxovlis svetic mcire jvrebad iSleba da mTel
qveynierebas efineba.
aseve sveticxovlis aRmarTebis Semdeg iwyeba aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze qristianobis aqtiuri gavr-
celeba. wminda nino Tavad mogzaurobs mTel qveyanaSi da axal
moZRvrebas qadagebs.
kidev erTxel gavixsenoT, rom jvrebis aRmarTebis adgi-
lebs varskvlavebi afiqsireben. vidre sveticxovlis Tavze
saswaulebrivi varskvlavi gamoCndeba, manamde movlenebi ise
viTardeba, rom umTavresad adgili aqvs miwier elementebSi
moqmedi sulierebis gamovlenas, sulier planSi warmoebu-
li brZolac ki miwieri elementebis sferoSi mimdinareobs.
sabolood es brZola imiT mTavrdeba, rom oTxive stiqiidan
ganidevnebian negatiuri sulieri arsebebi da stiqiebis qris-
tianuli impulsiT gardaqmnis niSnad sveticxovlis cocxali
sveti aRimarTeba.
roca am svetis winasaxe, mosesTan dakavSirebuli cecxlo-
vani sveti aRimarTa, igi mTlianad miwieri sulieri Zalebis
gancxadebas warmoadgenda da rogorc moses, aseve, saerTod,
ebrauli samyaros inspiraciac swored am sulierebidan xdebo-
da. ebrauli msoflmxedveloba swored miwier Zalebzea orien-
tirebuli. igi sruliad Segnebulad Tvals aridebs, ignorire-
bas ukeTebs im droisTvis sakmaod maRal doneze ganviTarebul
varskvlavTmetyvelebas. adamianis sulieri mzera misi Sinagani
arsisken gadainacvlebs. ebrauli samyaro am gziT amzadebs
RmerTis Sinagani gancxadebis gagebas. RmerTis saxeli moses
swored am mimarTebiT euwyeba, igi uSualod ukavSirdeba ada-
mianis yvelaze ufro sakralur nawils — mis `me~-s. am gziT
kacobrioba emzadeba imisTvis, rom qristes gankacebisa da misi
impulsiT dedamiwis sruli ganmsWvalvis Semdeg adamians SeeZ-
los Tqvas, rom `sasufeveli caTa Sina mis Sigan ars~.
amdenad, varskvlavuri metyvelebidan yuradRebis gadatana
adamianis Sinagani arsisken sruliad aucilebeli movlena iyo
zogadsakacobrio evoluciis TvalsazrisiT. beTlemis varskv-
lavisken mogvTa yuradReba mxolod maSinaa mimarTuli, roca
macxovari sulieri ierarqiebidan eSveba. es varskvlavuri
damwerlobac winaswarmetyvelurad mianiSnebs am grandiozul
istoriul faqtze. roca macxovris gankaceba ukve aRsrule-
buli faqtia, roca macxovari Cveulebrivi adamianebis gver-
diT ierusalimis quCebSi dadis, cxadia, mniSvnelovnad icv-
- 440 -
leba adamianTa sulieri ganviTarebis mimarTulebac. ebrauli
samyaros mier momzadebul niadagze ukve SesaZlebeli xdeba
yuradReba gadatanil iqnas RmerTis Sinagan gancdaze (àra me,
aramed qriste CemSi~).
amdenad, is faqti, rom qristologia mkveTrad daupirispir-
da Zvel astrologiur sibrZnes, aixsneba ara imiT, rom qris-
tian mamebs ar esmodaT am sibrZnis mniSvneloba, aramed imiT,
rom am mimarTulebiT yuradRebis gadatana qristianobis gzaze
damdgar adamians araTu xels Seuwyobda, aramed ufro metad
daacilebda WeSmarit mizans.
dedamiwaze qristianuli impulsis damkvidreba da ganvi-
Tareba sakmaod xangrZlivi procesia. qristianobis gavrceleba
da mraval qveyanaSi saxelmwifoebrivi religiis donemde ama-
Rlebac jer kidev ar niSnavs imas, rom kacobriobam bolomde
gaiTavisa qristianobis arsi. ganvlili oci saukunec am azris
naTeli dadasturebaa.
Zveli astrologiis epoqa beTlemis varskvlavTan mTavrde-
ba. marTalia, Semdgom saukuneebSi jer kidev adgili aqvs se-
riozul dainteresebas astrologiuri moZRvrebebiT, magram
aSkaraa, rom es procesi TandaTan daRmavali gziT midis da
bolos, rogorc logikuri Sedegi, Zveli astrologiis vul-
garuli fragmentebiRa SemorCa.
bunebrivia daibados kiTxva: sad gaqra kacobriobis is
monapovari, romlis meSveobiTac aRmosavleTidan mosulma
mogvebma ase Seumcdarad ganWvrites macxovris dabadeba?
im saxiT, ra saxiTac Zveli astrologia arsebobda, man
ukve Seasrula Tavisi misia da, bunebrivia, veRar gaagrZeleb-
da ucvlelad arsebobas. qristianulma msoflmxedvelobamac
sruliad marTebulad gansxvavebuli mimarTulebiT miapyro
mzera, magram es ar niSnavs, rom kacobriobis mexsierebaSi ar
aris Semonaxuli is jansaRi Tesli, ramac swored sakacobrio
civilizaciis samsaxurSi kidev unda gamoiRos nayofi. es, cxa-
dia, sulac ar niSnavs Zveli astrologiis reanimacias. yoveli
axali epoqa axal formebs moiTxovs da, amdenad, arc dRes da,
miT umetes, arc momavalSi iqneba aqtualuri varskvlavTme-
tyvelebis is forma, romliTac mogvebma macxovris gankaceba
iwinaswarmetyveles.
mcxeTaSi cocxali sveti aRimarTa. am svetSi srulyo-
fil formaSi gamovlinda qristes impulsiT gardaqmnili is
suliereba, rac miwieri elementebidan momdinareobs da war-
- 441 -
marTuli epoqis safexurze jer kidev udabnos cecxlovan
svetSi ganWvrita mosem. moses mzera mowyvetilia varskvlave-
bian cas. am dros sakacobrio sulis mzera varskvlaveTidan
TandaTan Sinagani samyarosken gadadis.
mcxeTaSi kidev erTxel aRimarTeba cecxlovani sveti.
udabnos svetisgan gansxvavebiT `moqceva~ svetis aRmarTebiT
ar amTavrebs sulieri samyaros Wvretas da TiTqosda moulod-
nelad mzeras kvlav varskvlavebiani cisken miapyrobs.
Tu sami mogvis varskvlavTmetyveleba gamoixateba winas-
warmetyvelebiT, rom iudeaSi unda daibados macxovari, `mo-
qcevis~ varskvlavTmetyveleba amgvarad SeiZleba iqnas gage-
buli: cocxali svetidan momdinare jvrebi unda aRimarTos
TxoTze, ujarmasa da bodSi.
am alegoriaSi gasarkvevad saWiroa kidev erTxel mogvTa
Tayvaniscema gavixsenoT.
RvTismetyvelebaSi am saxarebiseul epizodTan dakavSire-
biT mravali interpretacia arsebobs. mogvebis saCuqari sak-
maod naTladaa ganmartebuli. maT macxovars miarTves oqro
— rogorc qveynierebis upirveles mefes, gundruki — rogorc
upirveles mRvdelmTavars, xolo muri — rogorc upirveles
brZens.
amis garda, sainteresoa imis gaazrebac, ufro zogad plan-
Si, ras ganasaxiereben es mogvebi da, saerTod, ra moaqvT maT
kacobriobis am axal sakurTxevelze.
rogorc cnobilia, macxovris dabadeba moxda sakacobrio
istoriis gansakuTrebul periodSi. es periodi ganixileba
rogorc Suaguli iseT or mniSvnelovan sakacobrio movlenas
Soris, rogorebicaa dedamiwis gardaqmna wyliT da cecxliT.
wyliT gardaqmna ukve warsulis movlenaa. igi dedamiwis yvela
xalxis mexsierebam Semoinaxa da bibliur enaze warRvnis saxi-
Taa mocemuli.
yvela uZveles saRvTismetyvelo wyaroSi sakacobrio isto-
riis es monakveTi warmodgenilia dayofili Svid kulturul
periodad. warRvnis Semdeg pirveli kulturuli periodi ukav-
Sirdeba Zvel indur kulturas. am SemTxvevaSi, Zalze Zveli
epoqa, daaxloebiT asi saukunis winandeli dro igulisxmeba.
SemdegSi kacobriobis ganviTarebis ZiriTadi impulsebi
TandaTan dasavleTisken gadanacvldeba da meore kulturul
periodSi ukve Zveli sparsuli kultura gamodis wina plan-
ze. dRevandeli mecnieruli WvretisTvis SedarebiT advilad
- 442 -
misawvdomia mesame periodi, roca civilizaciis centrebma
ukve SuamdinareTisa da egviptis teritoriebze gadainacvles.
swored am sami kulturuli periodis Semdeg iwyeba meoTxe,
berZnul-romauli periodi da swored am epoqaSi aResruleba
golgoTis misteria. `qarTlis moqcevac~ da qristianobis dam-
kvidrebis gamomsaxveli Zeglebis didi umravlesobac swored
amave epoqaSia Seqmnili.
am droisTvis naxsenebi Svidperiodiani gradacia sruli-
ad miRebul tradicias warmoadgens da ramdenadac movlenebi
meoTxe kulturul periodSi viTardeba, Semdgomi sami peri-
odis Sesaxeb mxolod apokalifsurad mieniSneba.
mogvTa Tayvaniscemis erT-erTi interpretacia swored
ganvlili sami kulturuli periodis monapovars gulisxmobs.
simbolurad sami mogvis saxiT macxovris winaSe wardga gan-
vlili sami kulturuli epoqis (induri, sparsuli da Sumer-
ul-egvipturi) warmomadgeneli. maT macxovris winaSe moitanes
kacobriobis is monapovari, riTac igi macxovris gankacebas
xvdeboda. swored kacobriobis am monapovris safuZvelze Seu-
Zlia sam mogvs beTlemis varskvlaviT iwinaswarmetyvelos mo-
mavali.
erT-erTi umTavresi Tavisebureba am Svidi periodis ur-
TierTmimarTebisa SemdegSi mdgomareobs:
ramdenadac am Svidperiodiani monakveTis umTavresi mov-
lena, macxovris gankaceba, mis Sualedur, meoTxe periodSi
moxda, manamde ganvlili sami periodi, TiTqosda, sarkise-
burad airekleba momaval sam periodSi. aq igulisxmeba ara is-
toriuli movlenebis msgavseba, an ganmeoreba, aramed am epo-
qebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli warmmarTveli impulsebis msgavseba.
am TvalsazrisiT, mesame, Sumerul-egvipturi periodis niSnebi
gaTvaliswinebulia mexuTe, anu Tanamedrove kulturul peri-
odSi. momavali, meeqvse kulturuli periodi aireklavs meore
— sparsuli kulturis impulsebs, xolo bolo, meSvide epoqa
ukavSirdeba pirvel, anu indur kulturas.
qristianuli msoflmxedveloba iTvaliswinebs, rom moma-
val kulturul periodebSi qristianuli impulsi sul ufro
da ufro cxovelmyofeli ZaliT gamovlindeba da kacobriobis
progresuli nawilis ganviTarebac swored am gziT moxdeba.
vfiqrobT, `qarTlis moqcevis~ varskvlavTmetyveleba erT-
erT aspeqtSi swored amgvar winaswar ganWvretas moiniSnavs.
sveticxovelTan dakavSirebuli movlenebis Semdeg (rac,
- 443 -
cxadia, meoTxe kulturul periodSi xdeba) moTxrobilia
jvris aRmarTebis Sesaxeb TxoTis mTaze, rac, rogorc aRiniSna,
simbolurad egviptis sulier impulsebs mianiSnebs. `moqcevaSi~
manamde ukve aRiniSna TxoTis mTis saswauli, ramac mirian me-
fis moqcevaSi gadamwyveti roli iTamaSa. ase rom, `moqceva~
TxoTTan dakavSirebul or mniSvnelovan movlenas, jer miri-
anisTvis mzis dabnelebas, xolo Semdeg jvris aRmarTebas im-
gvarad gadmogvcems, rom Tavad sveticxovlis aRmarTebis sas-
wauli qronologiurad am or movlenas Soris viTardeba. mar-
Tlac, zemoT aRniSnul Svidperiodian monakveTSic swored me-
same (egviptur-Sumeruli) da mexuTe (Tanamedrove) periodebia
ganmsWvaluli msgavsi sulieri impulsebiT. Sualedur meoTxe
epoqaSi ki moxda golgoTis jvris aRmarTeba.
rogorc iTqva, buda da masTan dakavSirebuli movlenebi
xazgasmulad bolo, anu meSvide periods ukavSirdeba. swored
amitomac, wminda ninos gardacvalebac bodSi xdeba. radganac
meSvide kulturul periodSi pirveli, anu induri kulturis
impulsebis gamovlenamde jer meeqvse periodSi imoqmedebs spar-
suli kulturis impulsebi, `moqcevaSi~ mieniSneba, rom budSi
jvris aRmarTeba naadrevia da manamde jvari ujarmaSi unda aRi-
marTos. vfiqrobT, am konteqstSi swored ujarma SeiZleba vigu-
lisxmoT momavali meeqvse kulturuli periodis simbolod.
samive, im droisTvis momavali epoqa jvris niSniT aRiniSneba.
rac Seexeba `moqcevaSi~ apokalifsuri movlenebis var-
skvlavebTan dakavSirebul enaze moniSvnas, vfiqrobT, esec
Rrmad gaazrebul ganWvretas efuZneba. rac gulisxmobs, rom
varskvlavuri kiTxvis epoqa, marTalia, damTavrda, magram
momavalSi adamianebi axleburad miapyroben mzeras ciur me-
tyvelebas. kacobriobis qristianuli evolucia im gziT unda
ganviTardes, rom miwieri elementebidan momdinare qristiani-
zebuli suliereba varskvlavuri eniT ametyveldes. mas Semdeg,
rac garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi qristianuli impulsi
adamianTa Sinagan arsSi damkvidrdeba, roca adamians gamou-
muSavdeba myari gancda imisa, rom misi Sinagani `me~-c RvTae-
brivi warmoSobisaa da sakuTari sulis siRrmeSic SesaZlebe-
lia sasufevlis Zieba, maSin ukve isic iqneba SesaZlebeli, rom
kacobriobam moiniSnos Semdgomi ganviTarebis gzac da am axal
qristianul safuZvelze damkvidrebulma sruliad axleburad
miapyros Tvali varskvlavur metyvelebas.
Tanamedrove sulieri mecnierebis poziciidan swored am-
- 444 -
gvarad aRiqmeba sakacobrio cxovrebis qvesiRrmeebSi cocxali
saxiT SenarCunebuli is elementi, romelic mudmiv ganviTare-
bas ganicdis sakacobrio cxovrebis qvesiRrmeebSi da am ganvi-
Tarebis sxvadasxva safexurze garegnuli sulieri cxovrebis
zedapirze sxvadasxva saxiT gadmoiRvreba xolme. is, rasac erTi
kultura Tavisi aqtiuri sulieri moRvaweobiT gamoimuSavebs,
xSirad sruliad gansxvavebul kulturas gadaecema erTgvari
idumali eqstraqtis saxiT, xolo kidev ufro mogvianebiT kidev
ufro gansxvavebul kulturaSi axleburad aRmocendeba.
sulieri cxovrebis Tanamedrove etapze daaxloebiT am-
gvari saxiT moiazreba graalis misteriis saidumlo. swored
amitomacaa, rom graalis saidumlos gaazrebisas xSirad aRiniS-
neba, rom jer kidev uZveles epoqaSi graalis simbolod oqros
sawmisi SeiZleba vigulisxmoT. Semdgom periodSi ki graalis
misteria aseve mWidrod ukavSirdeba samoTxidan momdinare xis
istoriasac.18
rac Seexeba `moqcevis~ miniSnebas momavalSi axleburad
gagebuli varskvlavTmetyvelebis Sesaxeb, vfiqrobT, am mosaz-
rebas mxars umagrebs Tavad is qristianuli msoflmxed-
velobac, romelic am teqstis daweris Semdgom periodSi
sxvadasxva formiT warmoCnda saqarTvelos sulier wreebSi.
pirvel rigSi, SeiZleba davasaxeloT, erTi mxriv, gelaTis aka-
demiis monapovari da aseve SoTa rusTvelis `vefxistyaosani~.
rogorc z. gamsaxurdiam marTebulad SeniSna, `gelaTis aka-
demiaSi RvTis Semecneba ar iyo gamoyofili adamianisa da bune-
bis Semecnebisagan. rwmena adamianisa, RvTis xatisaebr qmnili
adamianuri gonebis yovlisSemZleobisa, gamosWvivis petriwisa
da rusTavelis naazrevidan. uzenaes siqveled iTvleba ara
marto individualuri eTikuri srulyofa da Teozisi, aramed
adamianisa da bunebis Semecneba, kosmosis, varskvlaveTis Se-
mecneba, varskvlavTmetyveleba, rac TiTqmis astrologiis re-
abilitaciamdec ki midis.~19
§ 4. indoeli tyve
amjerad gvinda yuradReba gavamaxviloT graalis misteri-

idan momdinare kidev erT mniSvnelovan motivze. volfram fon
eSenbaxis poemis `parcifalis~ finalurma scenebma Semdgom pe-
riodSi sruliad bunebrivad warmoSves Tqmulebebi warmodge-
- 445 -
nili istoriis gagrZelebisaTvis. faqtobrivad, poemis bolos
moniSnulia momavlis graalis misteriis ori nakadi, erTi —
dasavluri xasiaTis, xolo meore — aRmosavluri.
rogorc cnobilia, hamurets ori qorwinebis Sedegad erTi
vaJi aRmosavleTSi SeeZineba, xolo meore — dasavleTSi. dasav-
leTSi dabadebuli parcifali graalis Tasis mier amorCeul
iqna graalis mcvelad da amdenad monsalvatis mefed mogvev-
lina. aRmosavleTSi, arabi dedoflisgan dabadebuli faire-
fici, ese igi, parcifalis naxevarZma, aseve Rirseul raindad
Camoyalibda da bedis saZieblad dasavleTisken gaemarTa. Zme-
bis dramatuli Sexvedra imiT damTavrda, rom parcifalma
monsalvatSi miiwvia fairefici. gaqristianebulma faireficma
graalis yofili mefis amfortasis da repansi SeirTo colad.
am droisTvis parcifals ukve hyavda vaJi, romelsac loengri-
ni erqva. aRmosavleTSi dabrunebisas faireficma parcifals
sTxova misTvis miendo loengrinis aRzrda da amisTvis aR-
mosavleTSi gaeyolebina misTvis. parcifalma es SeuZleblad
CaTvala im mizeziT, rom graalis Tasze ukve gamoisaxa loen-
grinis saxeli, rac imas niSnavda, rom graalma Tavis Semdgom
mefed parcifalis vaJi airCia.
vidre loengrini graalis mefe gaxdeboda, man colad Seir-
To erT-erTi didebuli qalwuli (elza brabanteli), magram es
qorwineba im pirobiT Sedga, rom loengrinisTvis meuRles ara-
sodes unda ekiTxa, Tu saidan movida mis saTxovnelad. ese igi,
monsalvatis arseboba jerjerobiT ucnobi unda yofiliyo.
graalis momavali mefis meuRlem ver SeZlo am pirobis Ses-
ruleba, cnobismoyvareobam sZlia da loengrins mainc dausva
sabediswero kiTxva. am epizods eSenbaxi uaRresad mravlisme-
tyveli imaginaciuri xatiT asrulebs. rogorc ki dedofalma
kiTxvis dasma daamTavra, mofrinda gedi da Soreul sivrceebSi
waritaca parcifalis vaJi.
am SemTxvevaSi gedi simbolurad warmogvidgeba rogorc
Suamavali miwier da zeciur samyaroebs Soris.
miuxedavad imisa, rom loengrini graalis momavali mcve-
lia, igi gamefebamde tovebs miwier yofas da sulier samyaroSi
gadadis, rac swored im sulier faqtze mianiSnebs, rom par-
cifalis Semdeg graalis Tasi uxilavi gaxda miwier samyaroSi,
igi zegrZnobad sferoSi iqna gadatanili. am sulierma faqtma
bunebrivad moiniSna samomavlo tendenciebic.
aseve mniSvnelovania parcifalidan momdinare aRmosav-
- 446 -
luri nakadis istoriac. fairefici, anu `Sav-TeTri raindi~,
rogorc naxevrad aRmosavleT da naxevrad dasavleT sam-
yaros warmomadgeneli, sakuTar arsebaSi aerTebs orive sam-
yarosTvis damaxasiaTebel sulier tendenciebs. arabuli sam-
yarodan dasavleTSi mosuli raindi Tavadac qristiandeba da,
amave dros, coladac graalis mefis qristian asuls irTavs.
rogorc poema iuwyeba, aRmosavleTSi dabrunebuli fairefici
indoeTis mefe xdeba. mas SeeZineba vaJi, romelic, eSenbaxis
cnobiT, aRmosavleTSi cnobilia rogorc beri ioane da misgan
momdinareoben aRmosavleTis yvela qristiani mefeebi.
am ukanasknelma motivma uaRresad farTo gamoxmaureba
hpova da mravali mniSvnelovani Tqmulebis saTavedac iqca.
am SemTxvevaSi yuradReba gvinda mivaqcioT im faqts, rom
graalis misteriasTan dakavSirebuli poema indoeTis qristiani
mefis istoriiT mTavrdeba. Semdgomi gadmocemebis mixedviT,
graalis momaval mefed swored beri ioane igulisxmeba.
Tu yuradRebiT gadavxedavT Sua saukuneebis qarTul weri-
lobiT wyaroebs, advilad davrwmundebiT, rom qristianuli in-
doeTis cneba uaRresad mniSvnelovan adgils ikavebs qarTvel
sulier moRvaweTa naazrevSi.
amjerad gvinda am TvalsazrisiT ganvixiloT `qarTlis mo-
qcevis~ zogierTi uwyeba.
rogorc cnobilia, wminda nino miicvala kaxeTis daba bod-
beSi, iqve iqna dakrZaluli da es adgili dResac uwmindes ad-
gils warmoadgens yoveli qarTveli qristianisaTvis.
`qarTlis moqcevaSi~ vkiTxulobT, rom `qarTlad moslviT-
gan meaTxutmetesa welsa~, kaxeTSi moRvaweobis Jams SeuZlod
Seiqna wminda nino. igi iZulebuli gaxda mcxeTaSi dabruneba
gadaewyvita, magram `viTarca moiwia kxoeTas, dabasa, romel-
sa hrqvian bodini, verRara eZlo slvad~.20 imave teqstis sxva
adgilas dabis dasaxeleba erTgvarad gansxvavebuli saxiTaa
mocemuli da naTqvamia, rom `viTarca moiwia queyanasa kxo-
eTisasa, dabasa buds, dasneulda sneulebiTa miT, romliTaca
mo-ca-kuda~.21
wminda ninos SeuZlod yofnam didad SeaSfoTa yvela iq
myofi. micvalebamde mcire xniT adre `dedofali salome
uJarmeli da peroJavri sivnieli da maT Tana yovelni mTa-
varni hkiTxvides mas da etyodes: `vinaY anu viTar moSuer Sen
queyanasa Cuensa macxovrad Cuenda, anu sada-me iyo aRzrdaY
Seni, dedofalo? mauwye Cuen saqme Seni! raisa ityvi tyueobasa,
- 447 -
tyueTa mxsnelo, sanatrelo! . . . da viTar ityvi, viTarmed:
`tyue vari me, anu viTarca hindoeTs Tu?”
am kiTxvaze pasuxad wminda nino sTxovs maT, rom aiRon
saweri da Caiweron misi monaTxrobi, sadac igi mouyveba Tavisi
cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis Sesaxeb. `da iwyo sityuad wmidaman
nino da igini werdes~.
`qarTlis moqcevaSi~ es epizodi warmoadgens erTgvar
Sesavals wminda ninos cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis amsaxveli
teqstisaTvis. ase rom, SeiZleba vigulisxmoT, rom wminda ni-
nos monaTxrobi aris garkveuli pasuxi mis micvalebisas das-
mul mniSvnelovan kiTxvaze, kerZod, Tu ratom ambobs igi, rom
`tyue vari me, anu viTarca hindoeTs Tu?”
miuxedavad imisa, rom wminda nino Tavisi cxovrebis Sesa-
xeb swored erT-erTi amgvari kiTxvis pasuxad mogviTxrobs, am
monaTxrobSi arsad aris miTiTebuli arc misi tyved yofnis
raime epizodze da arc indoeTze. ra Tqma unda, es bunebri-
vicaa, radgan aq ar aris saubari tyveobis ambavze realur-is-
toriul planSi da amgvar gamoTqmas mxolod sulieri Sinaarsi
unda mieniWos, igi garkveuli `saidumloebis alegoriis~ gan-
macxadebelia.
gavixsenoT, Tu rogor mogviTxrobs wminda ninos gar-
dacvalebis Semdgom epizods Tavad mirian mefe:
`xolo me ganvizraxe wmidaY igi guami misi raiTamca war-
moviRe guls-modginebiTa didiTa aqa, winaSe suetsa naTliT
Semosilsa da ara vpove Rone yovladve, rameTu ver ganZres
orasTa kacTa mcire igi cxedari, romelsa zeda Seisuena wmida-
man da sanatrelman nino. maSin davhmarxeT wmidaY igi guami misi
yovladve didebulisaY bods, dabasa kaxeTisasa. da veglovdiT
sioblesa Cuensa oc da aT dRe yovliTurT sameufoiT CemiT.~22
rogorc vxedavT, wminda ninos gardacvalebis Semdeg bod-
beSic moxda didi saswauli da Tvalis zedapiruli gadavlebi-
Tac cxadia, rom igi uSualo simetriaSia mcxeTis cocxali sve-
tis aRmarTebasTan dakavSirebul saswaulTan. miwier planSi
ganxorcielebuli didi Zalisxmeva arc mcxeTaSi aRmoCnda sak-
marisi taZris umTavresi svetis aRsamarTavad da arc bodbeSi
wminda ninos cxedris asawevad, magram is, rac SeuZlebelia
kacTaTvis, SesaZlebelia RmerTisaTvis. sveticxovlis sveti
saswaulebrivad aRimarTa. igi cad amaRlebis Semdeg cecxlo-
vani saxiT daeSva da cocxal svetad mogvevlina. aqve isic unda
gavixsenoT, rom mis qvemoT uflis kvarTis saflavia, ase rom,
- 448 -
igi qvena da zena samyaroTa SemaerTebeli svetia.
analogiurive imaginaciuri xatia mocemuli bodbisTvisac.
wminda ninos cxedari miwier samyaros uerTdeba, xolo misgan
ganSorebuli suli cad maRldeba da ufals mieaxleba. is, rac
cocxali da maradiulia wminda ninoSi, svetiviT cad maRldeba.
miuxedavad mcxeTisa da bodbis imaginaciuri xatebis aSkara
msgavsebisa, maT Soris mainc arsebobs uaRresad mniSvnelovani
gansxvaveba. swored am gansxvavebis gamo mirian mefisTvis SeuZle-
beli aRmoCnda wminda ninos cxedari mcxeTaSi gadmoesvenebina da
daemarxa igi `winaSe suetisa naTliT Semosilsa~. es gansxvaveba
ukve im garemoTa sulier simbolikaSic mJRavndeba, rasac gana-
saxierebs, erTi mxriv, mcxeTa da, meore mxriv, bodbe. swored
amiT aixsneba is `saidumloebis alegoria~, rac mocemulia wminda
ninos uwyebaSi, rom igi aris tyve `da viTarca hindoeTs~.
am SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba ara geografiuli adgili indo-
eTi, aramed sulieri indoeTi, anu rac igivea — sulieri aR-
mosavleTi. orive es simbolo sruliad miRebuli da aRiarebu-
lia qristologiaSi. kacobriobis uzenaesi mizani simbolurad
SeiZleba gamoiTqvas, rogorc dabruneba sulier indoeTSi, anu
sulier aRmosavleTSi. bibliuri warmodgeniT, edemis baRi xom
swored aRmosavleTSi gaaSena ufalma. kacobriobis mizani isaa,
rom ganTavisufldes im codvis tvirTisagan, riTac damZimebu-
lia igi edemis gare samyaroSi cxovrebis Jams da kvlavac mie-
axlos sulier aRmosavleTs, kvlavac daibrunos sococxlis
xis Zalebi. bibliaSi moniSnulia mTeli is istoriuli epoqa,
romelic SesaqmeTi iwyeba da àxali ierusalimiT~ mTavrdeba.
ese igi, mTavrdeba kacobriobis miwieri yofa da igi gadadis
arsebobis axal formaSi.
saxareba warmogvidgens or erTmaneTTan dakavSirebul su-
lier xats — miwier ierusalims da zeciur ierusalims. miwier
ierusalimSi fizikur planSi aRsrulda grandiozuli movlena
— golgoTis misteria, xolo zeciur ierusalimSi arsebobis
forma mxolod suliers gulisxmobs da axal Jams afiqsirebs.
`qarTlis moqcevac~ saocari siRrmiT mogviTxrobs analo-
giuri xatebis Sesaxeb. am konteqstSi mcxeTa ganasaxierebs mi-
wier ierusalims. rogorc vTqviT, igi asecaa gaazrebuli da
swored amitomac aq aRimarTeba saswaulebrivi sveti, xolo
bodbe, romelic marTlac aRmosavleTiT mdebareobs mcxeTi-
dan, ganasaxierebs sulier aRmosavleTs, anu sulier indoeTs.
isic sruliad aSkaraa, rom am dabis etimologiuri dasaxelebac
- 449 -
pirdapir kavSirSia budas saxelTan. am saxeldebiT simbolurad
mieniSneba misi kavSiri indoeTTan. Tu Cven am geografiuli ad-
gilis dasaxelebis mxolod sulieri arsis gamoxatulebiT ar
davkmayofildebiT da maincdamainc misi maSindeli dasaxelebis
realur planSi dazustebas movindomebT, maSinve wavawydebiT
seriozul sirTuleebs, radgan sruliad aSkaraa, rom wminda
ninos cxovrebis aRmwerel TxzulebaSi mis avtors ainteresebs
am adgilis dasaxelebis sulieri Sinaarsi da ara misi realur-
istoriuli aspeqti. jer marto `qarTlis moqcevaSi~ igi sami
erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli formiTaa mocemuli (`bodini~,
`dabasa buds~, `bods, dabasa kaxeTisasa~).
`moqceva~ iuwyeba, rom bodi, rogorc jvris aRmarTebis
adgili, mcxeTis Tavze gamoCenili varskvlavis mixedviT gani-
sazRvra.
aRmosavleTiT wasuli varskvlavi gaCerda swored bodis
Tavze. roca wminda ninos es ambavi Seatyobines, man erTgvarad
Secvala Tavisi gadawyvetileba, bodSi jvris aRmarTeba ar mi-
iCnia mizanSewonilad da mis nacvlad ujarma SearCia. Tanac
mianiSna, rom `daba kula bodisi TviT vixiloT saTno igi ad-
gili RmrTisaY.~
mogvianebiT, marTlac, aRsrulda wminda ninos naTqvami da
igi Tavad daimarxa am adgilas.
amjerad gvinda gavarkvioT, Tu ratom ar aRmarTa wminda
ninom jvari bodbeSi, anu budSi.
aqve gvinda gavixsenoT, rom es movlenebi dakavSirebuli
iyo mcxeTaSi jvris aRmarTebasTan. ese igi, maSin, roca mcxe-
TaSi aRmarTes jvari, wminda ninom ar CaTvala saWirod igive
momxdariyo bodSic, miuxedavad imisa, rom varskvlavis mixed-
viT swored iq uwevda jvris aRmarTeba.
vfiqrobT, es sakiTxi pirdapir kavSirSia bodis Sesaxeb
zemoT gamoTqmul mosazrebasTan. `qarTlis moqcevis~ suli-
er saxeebSi bodi ganasaxierebs sulier indoeTs, anu sulier
aRmosavleTs. ra Tqma unda, sulier aRmosavleTSi, anu kidev
ufro farTo gagebiT àxal ierusalimSi~, ukve aRar SeiZleba
jvris aRmarTebaze saubari. `zeciur ierusalimSi~ ukve gan-
vlilia golgoTis gza. kacobriobisaTvis jvarcmis procesi
ukavSirdeba miwier ierusalims da araviTar SemTxvevaSi —
zeciurs. grZnobadi samyaro qmnis im jvars, romelzec sulia
jvarcmuli. axal ierusalimSi, anu sulier indoeTSi Sesvla
niSnavs am jvrisgan, anu grZnobadi samyaros tyveobisagan su-
- 450 -
lis ganTavisuflebas. kacobrioba RmerTis mier gaSenebuli
edemidan movida codvis samyaroSi da misi saboloo mizanic
swored kvlav sulier aRmosavleTSi, sulier indoeTSi, anu
samSobloSi dabrunebaa. sulieri indoeTi mTeli kacobriobis
samSobloa, magram iq dabrunebas is SeZlebs, vinc grZnobadi
samyaros jvrisagan, anu qveyniuri tyveobisagan ganTavisuf-
ldeba da macxovris gziT Seiqneba Rirsi axali ierusalimis
moqalaqeobisa. swored amitomac wminda nino sakuTar Tavs in-
doel tyves uwodebs. igi warmoSobiT sulieri indoeTidanaa,
magram amqveyniuri yofis Jams grZnobadi samyaros tyveobaSi
imyofeba. mas Semdeg, rac wminda nino Tavis sulier samSob-
loSi, anu fizikur planSi bodSi dabrunda, igi Tavisufldeba
grZnobadi samyarosagan, ese igi, fizikuri sxeulisaganac da
sulier samyaros SeerTvis.
sazogadod, gardacvalebis movlenis dakavSireba tyveo-
bidan ganTavisuflebasTan cnobili sulieri xatia. SeiZleba
gavixsenoT grigol xanZTelis sityvebi micvalebis win:
`mogecin ufalman Sromisa Tquenisa sasyideli, romelman-
ca brZana: ùZlur viyav da sapyrobilesa, da moxuediT Cemda.
rameTu me aw, esera, xorcTa sapyrobiliT ganval da uZlurebi-
sagan ganvTavisufldebi madliTa RmrTisaYTa.~23
rogorc iTqva, daba bodi, anu budis dasaxeleba uSualod
ukavSirdeba budas saxels, magram, rogorc irkveva, induri
samyarodan momdinare terminologia amiTac ar amoiwureba. ga-
vixsenoT, Tu ra movlena uswrebs win mcxeTaSi berZeni taZarT-
mSeneblebis Camosvlas:
`da waravlinna mirian mefeman da iTxovna saberZneTiT
qvisa mTlelni da kiriT xuroni. da moscna mefeman da warmo-
vides eruSeTs. da dadves saZirkueli eklesiisaY da dautevnes
ferxTa ficarni macxovrisa uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristesni
da warmovides mangliss da dadves saZirkueli eklesiisaY da
dautevnes samsWualni da esreT movides mcxeTad.~24
rogorc vxedavT, sakmaod didi mniSvneloba eniWeba eru-
SeTsa da manglisSi momxdar ambebsac. aq ori udidesi siwminde
daedo safuZvlad eklesiebis mSeneblobas.
am SemTxvevaSi Cven kvlav etimologia gvainteresebs.
rogorc vladimer xvitiam SeniSna,25 am dasaxelebebs
pirdapiri mimarTeba gaaCniaT zemoT ukve naxseneb ìndoeTis~
da `budis~ dasaxelebebTan. eruSeTi unda mianiSnebdes imave
riSeTs, rac, Tavis mxriv, gulisxmobs geografiul adgils, sa-
- 451 -
dac cxovroben riSebi (e-ruSeTi — riSeTi). riSebi ki iyvnen
uZvelesi induri civilizaciis moZRvarni. swored isini moR-
vaweobdnen warRvnis Semdgomi periodis indur samyaroSi. Ta-
vad warRvnis periodSi ki kacobriobas winamZRolad moevlina
manu. swored manu iyo riSebis qmedebaTa umTavresi inspirato-
ri. induri religiuri teqstebi gadmogvcemen istorias manus
14 inkarnaciis Sesaxeb. maTgan meSvidesTan, vaivasvatisTanaa
dakavSirebuli induri legenda warRvnis Sesaxeb. es gadmocema
warRvnis, rogorc bibliuri istoriis, aseve analogiuri Sume-
ruli da berZnuli warmodgenebis msgavsia.
manuc akeTebs gems da am gemiT gadarCenili cocxali ar-
sebebic mTis wverze gadmodian axlad gamoCenil miwaze. sain-
teresoa, rom am gadmocemis mixedviT, gemze manusTan erTad
imyofeba is Svidi riSac, romlebic Semdeg indur kulturas
afuZneben.
ase rom, bibliuri noe induri warmodgeniT erT-erTi manua.
sulieri ierarqiis TvalsazrisiT, manu miCneulia Zalze
maRal ierarqiad — aseve induri terminologiiT, es aris dxiani-
budas safexuri. es gacilebiT ufro maRali safexuria, vidre
bodisatvas, an budas safexurebi. astrologiuri TvalsazrisiT
misi sulieri Zalebis zemoqmedeba saTaves iRebs qalwulis zo-
diaqoSi. am TvalsazrisiT, manu gvevlineba rogorc RvTaebrivi
sofiis moqmedebis warmmarTveli miwier evoluciaSi.26
`moqcevaSi~ mocemuli dasaxeleba manglisi eruSeTis msgav-
sad cnobili bolosarTis darTviT swored aRniSnuli termine-
bis fuZeebidan unda iwarmoebodnen. (e-ruS-eTi, man-g-lisi).
vfiqrobT, `moqcevis~ ganxiluli alegoriebi `hindoeli
tyve~, `budi~, èruSeTi~, `manglisi~ mWidrod ukavSirdebian
erTmaneTs da saerTo imaginaciur suraTs warmosaxaven.
bodis, rogorc kacobriobis sulieri samSoblos, anu su-
lieri indoeTis saxiT moazrebis sakiTxs zemoT ukve Sevex-
eT. am aspeqtSi bodi simbolurad ganasaxierebs kacobriobis
mizans — kvlav aRmosavleTSi dabrunebas. rogorc `moqcevi-
dan~ Cans, am miznis aRsruleba sakmaod Soreul perspeqtivaSi
igulveba. marTalia, igi àxali ierusalimis~ Jams ukavSirdeba,
magram individualur planSi wminda ninom Tavisi cxovrebiT
aCvena magaliTi, Tu rogor SeiZleba amqveyniuri tyveobidan
ganTavisufleba da sulier samSobloSi dabruneba.
Tavad sulieri indoeTis simbolod budis, anu budas saxe-
lis SerCevac, cxadia, ar aris SemTxveviTi.
- 452 -
vfiqrobT, logikuri azrovnebis doneze Znelia am sakiTxze
msjeloba, magram mainc gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom Tanamedrove su-
lier mecnierebaSi gaziarebulia r. Staineris mier gamoTqmuli
azri imis Sesaxeb, rom golgoTis Semdgom periodSi buda, rogorc
zegrZnobadi arseba, ganicdis qristianuli impulsis zemoqmede-
bas da igi aqtiurad monawileobs Semdgom sulier procesebSi. VII-
VIII saukuneebSi igi erT-erT umTavres inspiratorad gvevlineba
im saidumlo skolisa, romelic maSin kolxeTis teritoriaze ar-
sebobda.27 am skolis azrovnebaSi airekla is impulsebi, romlebic
Zveli budizmidan momdinareobda da amjerad ukve qristianuli
azrovnebis safexurze axleburad iyo gardaqmnili.
kolxeTis am axalma misteriebma moamzada mZlavri sulieri
nakadi, romelic SemdgomSi ukve evropul azrovnebaSi aRwevs
da mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs Sua saukuneebis qristianuli
evropis kulturis formirebaSi.
Cven amjerad ufro vrclad aRar SevexebiT am sakiTxs,
magram aqve ki SevniSnavT, rom `qarTlis moqcevaSi~ mocemu-
li budas suraT-xati aSkarad metyvelebs garkveul kavSirze
kolxur-iberiul sulier garemosa da budadan momdinare im-
pulsebs Soris.
amis garda Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi am sakiTxTan dakav-
SirebiT kidev ufro TvalsaCino nimuSic mogvepoveba. es gax-
lavT swored VII saukunis qarTuli werilobiTi Zegli `sibrZne
balahvarisi~. am nawarmoebSi Secvlili saxeliT, faqtobrivad,
budas istoriaa moTxrobili. dReisTvis am istoriuli Txzu-
lebis mravali versiaa cnobili. miRebulia azri, rom maTgan
erT-erTi yvelaze uZvelesi falauri (saSualo sparsuli) ver-
sia induri teqstis gavleniT Seiqmna. amas mohyva qarTuli,
berZnuli da arabul enaze Seqmnili xuTi islamuri versia.
kidev ufro mogvianebiT berZnuli teqsti TiTqmis yvela qris-
tiani xalxis enebze iTargmna.28
`sibrZne balahvarisas~ qarTul versias arafriT ar Sei-
Zleba ewodos falauridan Targmnili, radgan am teqstisgan
gansxvavebiT, qarTul variantSi buda warmodgenilia rogorc
qristiani moRvawe. induridan cnobili siuJetiT sargeblo-
ba am SemTxvevaSi mxolod meoreuli mniSvnelobis faqtia. am
nawarmoebis umTavres Rirsebad uTuod unda CaiTvalos is
faqti, rom masSi warmodgenilia qristianizebuli buda, rac
zemoT gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis erT-erT seriozul miniSne-
bad SeiZleba vigulisxmoT.
- 453 -
vfiqrobT, sakiTxi budas impulsebis monawileobis Sesaxeb
qarTuli qristianuli kulturis Camoyalibebis saqmeSi, jer-
jerobiT, Zalze cudadaa Seswavlili da momavalSi, albaT, met
yuradRebas daimsaxurebs.
vfiqrobT, `moqcevaSi~ aRniSnuli motivi sruliad cxa-
dadaa mocemuli — is mZlavri sulieri nakadi, romelic jer
kidev efesos uZveles misteriebTanaa dakavSirebuli da
saqarTveloSi qristianuli saxiT RvTismSobelTan mimarTebaSi
inergeba, kvlav inarCunebs kavSirs induri sulierebidan mom-
dinare impulsebTan. erT SemTxvevaSi, Tu ìndoeTi~ SeiZleba
gagebul iqnas rogorc mxolod simbolo, aRmniSvneli kacobri-
obis sulieri samSoblosi, meore mxriv, aseve aSkarad mieniS-
neba realurad arsebul indur sulierebasTan kavSirzec, rac,
sazogadod, manamdec damaxasiaTebeli iyo efesos misteriebi-
sTvis da aseve SemdgomSi efesos qristianuli saZmosTvis.
kacobriobis ganviTarebaSi yovel sulier nakads Tavi-
si gansakuTrebuli daniSnuleba aqvs. marTalia, damoukide-
beli saxiT es mimdinareoba sruliad Camoyalibebuli reli-
giuri sistemis saxiTac SeiZleba gvevlinebodes, magram Tu
kacobriobis sulieri cxovrebis istoria mTlianobaSi iqneba
warmodgenili, am moZRvrebas uTuod mWidro kavSirebi moe-
Zebneba rogorc manamdel, aseve Semdgom arsebul sulier
nakadebTanac. am SemTxvevaSi kacobriobis evolucia ganixileba
rogorc mTliani procesi. kacobriobis ganviTarebis am pro-
cesSi monawileoben maRali ierarqiuli arsebebi. erT-erT am-
gvar arsebaTa jgufs qmnian mTavarangelozTa rangis iseTi ar-
sebebi, romlebsac aRmosavleTSi bodisatvebs uwodeben. pla-
neturi orientaciis TvalsazrisiT, isini planeta merkuris
sferos ganekuTvnebian.
Tormeti bodisatva qmnis dasrulebul wres, romelTagan
TanmimdevrobiT TiToeuli sakuTar Tavze iRebs garkveuli
epoqis winamZRolobas. amgvar epoqad sakmaod didi dro — 50
saukunovani periodi igulisxmeba.
warmmarTveli bodisatva, marTalia, sulieri samyarodan
moqmedebs, magram am moqmedebis realizaciisTvis igi xSirad
miwier yofaSi garkveul individualobas irCevs da masze axdens
inspiracias. am gziT es pirovneba gvevlineba bodisatvis nebis
ganmcxadeblad. am ormocdaaTsaukunovani periodis garkveul
etapze xdeba warmmarTveli bodisatvas gansxeuleba, raTa Tav-
isi ganviTarebisTvis igi budas safexurze avides. qristes So-
- 454 -
bamde VI saukuneSi swored amgvari movlena aRiniSna, roca epo-
qis warmmarTveli bodisatva gautama-buda gansxeulda da bu-
das safexurze moevlina kacobriobas. am movlenas istoriaSi
budizmis saxeliT cnobili religiuri sistemis Camoyalibeba
mohyva. Tu am movlenas kacobriobis ganviTarebis erTian pro-
cesSi ganvixilavT, irkveva, rom gautama-budas umTavres miz-
ans Seadgenda kacobriobisTvis moetana moZRvreba TanagrZno-
bis Sesaxeb, rac mosamzadebel safexurs warmoadgenda qristes
gansxeulebis win.
Tanamedrove epoqis warmmarTvel bodisatvad iTvleba mai-
treia-buda. amas qristianul enaze Tu gamovsaxavT, SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom am bodisatvas umTavres mizans is Seadgens, rom
kacobriobaSi sityvis ZaliT qristianobis WeSmariti gageba
dainergos.29
maitreia-budas gansxeulebamde jer didi droa darCenili
da, miT umetes, igi Soreul momavalSi igulveboda IV sauku-
neSi. maitreia-buda Tavisi gansxeulebisas mniSvnelovan rols
Seasrulebs qristianobis saqmeSi, magram es movlena cxadi
saxiT mxolod im Soreul momavalSi aResruleba, roca ukve
warRvnis Semdgomi VI kulturuli epoqac miiwureba, manamde
ki igi inspiracias sulieri samyarodan axdens. miwier yofaSi
jer kidev gautama-budas inspiraciidan momdinare religiuri
sistemac moqmedebs. sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, buda cxadi saxiT
Soreul momavalSi miiRebs jvars da es movlena saRvTo gange-
bulebiT winaswarvea gansazRvruli.
`moqcevac~ xatovnad gvauwyebs, rom budaSi jvris aRmarTe-
ba jer naadrevia da igi momavalSi ganxorcieldeba.
XII saukunis saqarTveloSi sulier indoeTTan dakavSire-
buli motivebi uaRresad Rrmad da amave dros mxatvrulad
gadmoicema SoTa rusTvelis `vefxistyaosanSi~. poemaSi moce-
muli sulieri Ziebis gza imgvaradaa warmodgenili, rom yvela
qmedeba sabolood swored indoeTSi damyarebuli mefobisken
miiswrafvis. nestan-darejanis qajeTidan gamoxsnas swored in-
doeTSi gamefeba mosdevs Sedegad.
zemoT Cven, ZiriTadad, im kavSirebze gavamaxvileT yura-
dReba, romlebic dasavluri xasiaTis graalis moZraobasa da
aRmosavleT saqristianoSi, ufro konkretulad ki, saqarT-
veloSi Camoyalibebul qristianul cxovrebis formas Soris
arsebobs. saqarTvelos religiur cnobierebaSi damkvidre-
buli RvTismSoblisa da wminda giorgis kultebi, ra saxiTac
- 455 -
isini aq arian gamovlenili, uaRresad mWidrod ukavSirdebian
im sulier winamZRvrebs, saidanac dasavleTSi graalis miste-
ria Camoyalibda.
amjerad gvinda yuradReba gavamaxviloT aRmosavleTis su-
lieri cxovrebis kidev erT mniSvnelovan nakadze, romelsac,
Cveni azriT, aseve Rrma Sinagani kavSiri gaaCnia aRniSnul su-
lier nakadebTan.
marTalia, graalis misteriebi TavianTi arsiT uSualod
palestinidan momdinareoben da wmindad qristianuli xasi-
aTisa arian, magram aRniSnul teqstebSi miniSnebulia arabuli
samyaros garkveuli rolic am misteriebis warmoSobis saqmeSi.
sxvadasxva wyaroebi adastureben, rom, miuxedavad imisa, rom
graalis misteriebi samxreT evropidan vrceldeba, misi sawyisi
wertili aziis arabul nawilSi mdebareobda.
marTalia, VIII saukuneSi palestinac arabuli gavlenis qveS
imyofeboda, magram amjerad gvinda SevexoT Tavad arabuli
sulieri cxovrebis im nawils, romelsac garkveuli Sinagani
msgavseba gaaCnia graalis misteriasTan.
rogorc cnobilia, sulieri samyarodan miRebuli gamoc-
xadeba muhamedma wignis (yuranis) saxiT gadasca kacobriobas.
manve moaxdina arabuli tomebis gaerTianeba da saTave daudo
arabTa xalifatis Camoyalibebas. muhamedis gardacvalebis
Semdeg Zalauflebis xelSi Casagdebad mZime brZolebi mim-
dinareobda. sabolood xalifas taxti jer omeiadebis dinas-
tiam Caigdo xelSi, xolo Semdeg arabeTSi batonoba baRdadis
abasidebma gaagrZeles.
politikuri mmarTvelobis paralelurad Camoyalibda
meore nakadic, romelic muhamedis siZis alisgan iRebs saTa-
ves da, faqtobrivad, warmoadgenda islamuri samyaros suli-
er moZRvarTa instituts. am nakadis warmomadgenlebs imamebi
ewodaT. xalifebis msgavsad, imamobac memkvidreobiT gadaece-
modaT alis STamomavlebs. radgan alis momxreTa gaerTianebas
`Sia~ ewodeboda, imamTa moRvaweobiT warmoSobil religiur
cxovrebas Siizmi ewoda.
islamuri samyaros SigniT amgvari ori nakadis warmoSoba
jer kidev muhamedis moRvaweobis xanaSi gamoikveTa. erT-erTi
Siituri gadmocemis mixedviT, ali amgvarad igonebs muhamed-
Tan Tavis urTierTobas:
`yuranis yovel leqss, romelic ki odesme zegardmo gada-
eca alahis warmogzavnils, igi me mkarnaxobda da mibrZanebda
- 456 -
xmamaRla warmomeTqva. me sakuTari xeliT Cavwere aiatebi. is
maswavlida maT zust mniSvnelobebs da sulier ganmartebebs.
is evedreboda alahs, raTa mas gaefarToebina Cemi azrovneba
da mexsiereba. Semdeg man mkerdze damado xeli da alahs Seeve-
dra, rom mas Cemi guli SemecnebiTa da gagebiT, gansjiTa da
sinaTliT aRevso.~30
Siituri warmodgeniT, Tu muhamedma yuranis garegnuli
teqsti moipova, alim, faqtobrivad, yuranis ezoteruli Si-
naarsi gaumxila kacobriobas. am TvalsazrisiT, Siizmis saxiT
ezoteruli islami Camoyalibda. mogvianebiT (1502 w.) Siizmi
saxelmwifo religiadac ki gamocxadda sparseTSi.
VII saukuneSi alisgan dawyebuli imamTa rigi X saukuneSi uaR-
resad idumali saxiT damTavrda. Siizmi sul Tormet did imams
asaxelebs. meTerTmete imamma colad SeirTo bizantiis mefis
asuli, riTac xalifas ganrisxeba gamoiwvia. 873 wels es imami
28 wlis asakSi gardaicvala. arabuli wesis mixedviT imamobis
ufleba mis 5 wlis vaJze gadavida, magram mamis gardacvalebis
dResve igi ukvalod gaqra. meTormete imami samocdaaTi wlis
ganmavlobaSi saidumlo TavSesafarSi imyofeboda. igi dro da
dro saidumlod ukavSirdeboda Tavis momxreebs. Siituri is-
toria uaRresad mniSvnelovan xats gvaTavazobs:
942 wels meTormete imami axal dafarul mdgomareobaSi ga-
davida. man fizikuri samyarodan zegrZnobad sferoebSi gada-
inacvla. misi idumali, magram realuri arseboba zegrZnobad
samyaroSi, marTalia, adamianuri TvalisTvis uxilavia, magram
igi miRwevadia adamianis gulisTvis. mxolod RvTaebrivi sam-
yaros Sinagani gancdis gziT SeiZleba meTormete imamTan mi-
axleba.
imave tradiciis mixedviT, ukanasknel Jams meTormete ima-
mi kvlav warudgeba kacobriobas. manamde ki igi iqneba èpo-
qis mmarTveli~, uxilavi, magram realuri sulieri beladi,
romelTan Sexvedrac yovel morwmunes mxolod sakuTar gulSi
SeuZlia.31
vfiqrobT, sruliad naTelia, rom aRniSnuli Siituri war-
modgenebi Sors scildeba yuranze mijaWvul konservatizms.
Tundac is faqti, rom `meTormete imamis~ deda bizantiis me-
fis asulia, ukve mianiSnebs qristianobasa da islams Soris
SesaZlebeli xidis arsebobas. ra Tqma unda, mxolod gareg-
nuli, egzoteruli aRmsareblobis farglebSi Znelia amgvari
dialogi. dogmatur sakiTxebSi Zalze didia gansxvaveba qris-
- 457 -
tianobasa da islams Soris, magram rac Seexeba Tavad am dog-
matis ezoteruli Sinaarsis interpretacias, aq gacilebiT
advilia urTierTgageba. mxolod Zalze maRali sulierebis
safexurzea SesaZlebeli qristianobasa da islams Soris arse-
buli dapirispirebis gadawyveta.
advilad SevamCnevT, rom qristianuli samyaros udidesi
misteriis, graalis misteriis epoqa da islamuri samyaros
imamTa epoqa erTmaneTs emTxveva. graalis ukanaskneli raindic
(parcifalic) da imamTa epoqis ukanaskneli imamic (meTormete
imami) swored X saukuneSi aRasruleben TavianT misias. Sem-
degSi graalis misteria xilul samyaros tovebs da zegrZnobad
sferoSi gadadis. analogiuri suraTia islamur samyaroSic —
meTormete imami xilul samyaros tovebs da aseve zegrZnobadi
samyarodan agrZelebs moqmedebas. amave dros orive SemTxvevaSi
naTqvamia, rom ukanasknel Jams kvlav moxdeba maTi dabruneba
xilul samyaroSi.
kidev ufro mniSvnelovania is paraleli, rac Siitizmis
istorias graalis misteriis aRmosavlur nakadTan akavSirebs.
iseve rogorc islamuri moZRvrebis meTerTmete imamma, isla-
muri samyarodan mosulma faireficmac qristiani asuli Seir-
To colad. orive SemTxvevaSi, momavlis impulsi dakavSire-
bulia am qorwinebiT dabadebul ZesTan. erT SemTxvevaSi esaa
meTormete, anu islamuri samyaros yvelaze didi imami, xolo
graalis moZraobaSi beri ioane, romelic graalis momaval
mefed moiazreba.
rogorc vxedavT, orive religiur nakadSi, graalis qris-
tianul moZraobaSic da islamur SiizmSic, momavlis idealad
dasaxulia aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis sulieri Sexvedra.
orive es moZraoba Taviseburad cdilobs momavlis amgvari
xidis agebas.
Tu yuradRebiT gavadevnebT Tvals wminda giorgis kul-
tis gamovlinebas qarTveli eris sulier cxovrebaSi, naTlad
warmoCndeba is saerTo kanonzomierebani, rac am geneziss aqvs
ganxilul orive sulier nakadTan — erTi mxriv, dasavleTSi
ganviTarebul graalis misteriasTan da, meore mxriv, arabuli
samyaros aseve ezoterul nakadTan — SiitizmTan.
rogorc arabul, aseve sparsul samyaroSi arsebobs wmin-
da giorgis kultis Taviseburi gamovlineba. muslimanur sam-
yaroSi arsebuli xizris kulti, faqtobrivad, wminda giorgis
im saxes Seesabameba, romelsac saqarTvelos xalxur religiur
- 458 -
cnobierebaSi giorgi cxovelis saxeliT icnoben.
arabul da sparsul samyaroSi qristianuli samyarodan
gadaRebuli wminda giorgis saxes elias kultic Seerwya da,
amdenad, es wmindani warmodga rogorc bunebis stiqiebSi gaba-
tonebuli sulierebis gamgebeli. islamuri tradiciiT igi
cxovrebis wyaros mflobelia. misi kulti dakavSirebulia xe-
ebTan, bunebasTan da, saerTod, stiqiis sferoSi gamovlenil
sulierebasTan.
qarTul da sparsul religiur cnobierebaSi analogiuri
kultebis arseboba imiTac gamoixata, rom saqarTveloSi wminda
giorgis amgvari saxis aRsaniSnavad gaCnda TiTqosda ucnauri
dasaxeleba — `sparsi giorgi~, `spars-angelozi~.
wminda giorgis kultSi moxda saocari Sexvedra qristianu-
li da islamuri religiuri cxovrebis msgavsi nakadebisa. am-
gvarma urTierTgagebam isic ki gaxada SesaZlebeli, rom aR-
mosavleT saqarTveloSi arsebobs wminda giorgis iseTi salo-
cavebi, sadac mahmadianebsac eZleodaT locvis ufleba.
rac Seexeba dasavlur graalis moZraobasTan mimarTebas,
vfiqrobT, wminda giorgis kultTan arsebuli paralelebi
kidev ufro TvalsaCinoa. orive sulier nakads mWidrod akav-
Sirebs, erTi mxriv, rainduli institutis damaxasiaTebeli su-
liskveTeba da, meore mxriv, gansakuTrebuli mimarTeba bunebis
stiqiebSi gamovlenili im sulierebisadmi, romelic mTlianad
qristes arsebiTaa moculi.
erTi SexedviT, Znelad asaxsnelia is faqti, rom saqar-
TveloSi wminda giorgis Sesaxeb arsebuli werilobiTi Zeglebi
Zalze gvian, X saukunidan iqmneba da umokles droSi wminda
giorgis kulti arnaxul masStabebs aRwevs. X saukunis bo-
lomde qarTvel mefeTa saxelebSic ar gvxvdeba saxeli giorgi,
maSin, roca SemdegSi ukve yvelaze gavrcelebul samefo saxels
warmoadgens.
erTi SexedviT, X saukunemde saqarTveloSi TiTqos arc ki
icodnen am wmindanis arsebobis Sesaxeb, magram rogorc gamo-
irkva, am droisTvis qarTuli taZrebis freskul mxatvrobaSi
wminda giorgis saxes ukve sakmaod xangrZlivi istoria aqvs.
XII saukunis Semdeg wminda giorgi ara mxolod kultmsa-
xurebaSi ikavebs umTavres adgils, aramed xalxur cnobiere-
basa da SemoqmedebaSic umTavres gmirad gvevlineba. amis axsna
ki mxolod imiT SeiZleba rom igi mTeli am periodis manZilze
erovnuli cnobierebis umTavresi inspiratoria.
- 459 -
ra Tqma unda, saqarTvelos sulier cxovrebaSi mxolod X sau-
kuneSi Targmnil wminda giorgis `wamebas~ ar moutania miqaeluri
qristianobis impulsebi. es impulsebi ZvelTaganve umTavresi
mamoZravebeli Zala iyo aq mimdinare sulier procesebSi.
mas Semdeg, rac kapadokiaSi realur planSi ganxorcielda
wminda giorgis miqaeluri brZolis istoria, zegrZnobad sfe-
roSi gadanacvlebuli wmindani kvlav agrZelebs Sesabamisi im-
pulsebis inspirirebas. igi gansakuTrebiT mWidrod ukavSird-
eba saqarTvelos teritoriaze mimdinare qristianuli cxov-
rebis process, radganac igi mkveTrad miqaeluri xasiaTiT
gamoirCeva. qristianobis pirvel saukuneebSi (istoriul wmin-
da giorgimde da mas Semdegac), vidre jer kidev aqtiuria su-
lier samyarosTan uSualo mimarTeba, araviTar aucileblobas
ar warmoadgens garegnuli Zeglebis Seqmna am urTierTobis
gadmosacemad. VII-VIII saukuneebis garegnuli Zeglebidan wminda
giorgis saxe mxolod imdenad SemorCa, ramdenadac istoriam
misi freskuli gamosaxulebebi Semoinaxa. SemdegSi ki, rode-
sac VIII-IX saukuneebSi mkveTrad gaRrmavda sulier cxovrebaSi
warmoSobili krizisi, aucilebeli gaxda wminda giorgis saxis
damkvidreba kultmsaxurebaSi. swored am periodidan iqmneba
da iTargmneba saRvTismetyvelo teqstebi wminda giorgis Sesa-
xeb. kidev ufro mogvianebiT, XII-XIII saukuneebSi, roca kidev
ufro gamwvavda krizisuli mdgomareoba, aucilebeli gaxda
wminda giorgis saxe ukve mxatvruli warmodgenebis umTavres
xatadac qceuliyo. iseve, rogorc XII saukunis bolos graa-
lis misteriebi `gadaiRvara~ mxatvrul literaturaSi, saqar-
TveloSic imave periodSi Seiqmna mniSvnelovani literatu-
ruli Zeglebi, romelTa mizansac Seadgenda wina periodebSi
idumal sulier wreebSi mimdinare procesebis gaxalxureba,
Sinagani sulieri impulsebis garegan cxovrebaSi gamotana. am
TvalsazrisiT, erT-erT centralur qmnilebas rusTvelis po-
ema `vefxistyaosani~ warmoadgens.
§ 5. vardebiT mosili jvari
graalis misteriebTan dakavSirebulma gadmocemebma bune-

brivad warmoSva interesi graalis axali raindebis Sesaxeb.
yvelaze ufro gavrcelebuli tradiciis mixedviT, Semdgomi
- 460 -
periodis graalis mcvelebad tamplierTa ordenis wevrebi ar-
ian miCneulni.
parcifalis moRvaweobis periodad X saukune ganisazRvre-
ba. ramdenadac xilul samyaroSi arsebuli graalis Tasis uka-
naskneli mflobeli swored parcifali iyo da mas Semdeg es
Tasi ukve uxilavi gaxda fizikuri mzerisTvis, bunebrivia, da-
zustebas moiTxovs sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra kavSiri hqondaT
XII-XIV saukuneebSi moRvawe tamplierebs graalis misteriasTan.
dasavleTis sulieri cxovrebis am metad mZime istoriul
periodSi, dausrulebeli jvarosnuli brZolebisas, dasav-
leTisa da aRmosavleTis dapirispirebis umwvaves etapze tam-
plierTa ordeni warmodgeba rogorc dasavlur da aRmosavlur
kulturebs Soris gadebuli xidi. maT, erTi mxriv, mZlavri
qristianuli impulsebi SeaqvT aRmosavlur kulturaSi da,
meore mxriv, uaRresad Rrmad qristianuli msoflmxedvelo-
bis poziciidan axdenen aRmosavleTSi mopovebuli sibrZnis
gadaazrebas. maTi sulieri moRvaweoba Tavisi qristianuli xa-
siaTiT Zalze mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli graalis misteriebiT
Camoyalibebul safuZvlebTan. aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis
Sexvedris idea swored graalis moZraobis erT-erTi umTavre-
si qvakuTxedia.
zemoT Cven ukve SevexeT sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad
mWidro urTierToba arsebobda axlad Camoyalibebul tampli-
erebis ordensa da daviT aRmaSeneblis droindel saqarTvelos
Soris. arsebobs Semdgomdroindeli tamplierebis Canawerebi,
romelTa mixedviTac SesaZlebelia vivaraudoT, rom evropel
raindTa garkveul wreebSi daviT aRmaSeneblis saxe graalis
misteriebis ber-ioanesTan iyo asocirebuli. ramdenadac da-
viT aRmaSeneblis agebul gelaTis monasterSi arsebul ked-
lis mxatvrobaSic naTladaa mocemuli graalis Tasis motive-
bi, TiTqosda bunebrivad warmoiSva idea gelaTis axal mon-
salvatad moazrebis Sesaxeb. iseTi varaudic gamoiTqva, rom
SesaZlebelia graalis Tasi tamplierebis mier fizikurad iqna
gadmotanili gelaTis monasterSi da graalis mefe daviT aR-
maSenebeli iyo, romelic SesaZloa farulad berad aRikveca da
misi beruli saxeli swored ioane iyo.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, aRmosavleT saqristianoSi Tavad
eklesiis wiaRSi ganviTarebuli graalis moZraobis WeSmariti
centri im periodSi swored gelaTSi iyo. amgvarad, warmod-
genili sulieri saganZuris upirvelesi mcvelic, cxadia, im-
- 461 -
droindeli saqarTvelos udidesi mefe-raindi da amave dros
udidesi mefe-moZRvari daviT aRmaSenebeli gaxldaT. dasav-
luri TvalTaxedvisTvis aRmosavleTis es qristiani mefe bune-
brivad aRiqmeboda rogorc ber-ioanes gansaxiereba.
sulieri TvalsazrisiT es yovelive sruliad sarwmuno da
gasagebia, magram, vfiqrobT, am ganwyobilebas arafers matebs
sakiTxis zedmetad gamartiveba da pirdapiri, fizikuri saxiT
warmodgena imisa, rom volfran fon eSenbaxi poemaSi ber-ioanes
personaJad istoriul daviT aRmaSenebels gulisxmobs. mar-
Talia, faireficis samSoblo tabroniti kavkasiis im terito-
riaze moixsenieba, sadac namdvilad saqarTvelo mdebareobs,
magram am SeTxvevaSic ki ar SeiZleba gadaWarbebuli konkre-
tizacia, radgan, jer erTi, tabroniti islamur qveynad moix-
senieba, da meorec, monsalvatidan dabrunebuli fairefici in-
doeTis mefe xdeba da beri-ioanec swored indoeTis qristian
mefedaa warmodgenili.
eSenbaxis poemaSi, iseve rogorc SoTa rusTvelis
`vefxistyaosanSi~, arc indoeTi gulisxmobs istoriul in-
doeTs da arc arabeTi istoriul arabeTs, miT umetes, verc
tabronits da verc gulanSaros, anda mulRanzanzars ver
vigulisxmebT konkretulad istoriul regionebad. graa-
lis poemebSi kavkasiisa da kavkasiuri oqros xSiri moxsenieba
TavisTavad gulisxmobs im faqts, rom dasavleTSi aRiarebuli
iyo kavkasiis sulieri ganZis mniSvneloba, magram am SemTxveva-
Sic ki aucilebelia imis gaTvaliswineba, rom im periodSi ara-
viTar saWiroebas ar warmoadgenda graalis Tasis fizikuri
gadmotana am regionSi, radgan graalis analogiuri moZraoba
gelaTis monastris sulieri cxovrebis umTavres formas war-
moadgenda da zogadsakacobrio sulier mdinarebaSi mas Tavisi
gansakuTrebuli misiac hqonda.
ber-ioanes saxelic SemTxveviT araa ioane, radgan graalis
is momavali misteria, romlis mefedac aRmosavleTis es qris-
tiani mefe ivaraudeba, swored im epoqasTanaa dakavSirebuli,
romelSic gansakuTrebuli ZaliT gamovlindeba ioaneseuli
qristianobis is forma, romelic, erTi mxriv, ioane naTlis-
mcemlisa da ioane maxareblis, xolo, meore mxriv, ioanesa da
lazares sulier mimarTebebs gulisxmobs. jer kidev qris-
tianobis pirvelive saukuneebSi qristianobis amgvari moazreba
kacobriobis `mesame dResTan~, anu VI kulturul epoqasTan mi-
marTebaSi xdeboda.
- 462 -
mas Semdeg, rac dasavleTis oficialuri eklesiis tampli-
erebis ordenTan dapirispirebam inkviziciis xasiaTi miiRo,
XIV saukunis I naxevridan es ordeni, faqtobrivad, arsebobas
wyvets. Semdegi ezoteruli gaerTianeba, romelic jer kidev
graalis moZraobisa da arturis mrgvali magidis raindebis su-
lieri monapovrebis sruliad axlebur gadaazrebas axdens, iyo
rozenkreiceruli ordeni. am gaerTianebis safuZvlebi ukve
XIV saukunidan mzaddeba, xolo XV saukunis pirvel naxevarSi
ukve mZlavri sulieri gaerTianebis saxiT yalibdeba. amjerad
Cven mizans ar warmoadgens am ordenis sulieri monapovrebis
Sesaxeb dawvrilebiTi saubari, gvinda kidev erT magaliTiT
vaCvenoT, Tu rogor warmodgeba erTi da imave sulieri safuZ-
vlebidan qristianuli ezoterikis dasavluri da aRmosavluri
formebi.
rogorc graalis misteriaze saubrisas iyo naCvenebi, gan-
sulierebuli elementaruli samyaros harmoniis is problema,
romelic jer kidev solomonis taZris simbolikidan iRebs
saTaves, sruliad Taviseburadaa mocemuli graalis warmod-
genebSi. solomonis taZris legenda rozenkreicerul moZrao-
baSi kidev ufro farTo masStabs iRebs. faqtobrivad, rozenk-
reicerTa umTavresi miswrafebebi am legendaSi vlindeba.
rozenkreicerTa yuradReba mniSvnelovnad mimarTuli iyo
kacobriobis im Soreuli momavlisken, romelsac VI kulturu-
li epoqa ewodeba.
maTi moZRvrebis mixedviT, kacobriobas esaWiroeba isto-
riis sakmaod grZeli periodi, TiTqmis mTeli IV da V kul-
turuli epoqebi, raTa sayovelTaod iqnas gaSinaganebuli
golgoTaze ganxorcielebuli jvarcmis sulieri arsi. mac-
xovrisgan eklis gvirgvinis dadgma, golgoTis jvarze umZimesi
adamianuri tkivilis gancda swored aRniSnuli periodis um-
Tavresi xatia. am TvalsazrisiT jvari im materialur samyaros
ganasaxierebs, romelic safuZvelia adamianuri ltolvebisa da
gancdebisa, romelzedac jvarcmulia kosmosuri samSvinveli. VI
kulturuli periodis amocanebi imgvaradaa ganWvretili, rom
ekliT Semosili jvris adgils TandaTan daikavebs vardebiT
Semkuli jvari. swored amitomac, rozenkreicerTa umTavres
sulier simbolos warmoadgenda qristes jvari mewamuli var-
debiT. amgvari niSniT aRiniSneboda mebrZoli, mowameobrivi
qristianobis TandaTanobiTi Secvla gamarjvebuli, jvridan
gardmoxsnili qristianobiT. taZris legendidan momdinare ki
- 463 -
gaTvaliswinebuli iyo, rom amgvari miznis miRweva mxolod im
periodSi iqneba SesaZlebeli, roca kacobriobis sulier cxov-
rebaSi gadawyvetili iqneba cecxlisa da wylis SeerTebis sai-
dumlo, anu sxvanairad, kacobrioba SeZlebs xuramis winaSe das-
muli amocanis Sesrulebas — `metalis zRvis~ Camosxmas oqros
gonios daxmarebiT. swored am `metalis zRvisa~ da oqros
gonios saidumlos gacnobierebiT iqneba SesaZlebeli vard-
ebiT Semosil jvarTan miaxleba. dasavleTis sulier wreebSi
umTavresad cnobilia taZris legendisa da vardebiT Semosili
jvris is saxeebi, romlebic XV saukuneSi Seiqmna rozenkreic-
erul moZraobaSi. rogorc zemoT iyo naCvenebi, taZris legen-
dis ezoteruli Sinaarsi uaRresad Rrmad iyo gacnobierebuli
sveticxovlis misteriis im formaSi, romelic wminda ninos
moRvaweobis xaniT, ese igi, IV saukuniT TariRdeba. sveti-
cxovlis mTeli istoria, umTavresad, swored taZris legendis
idumali SinaarsiTaa moculi.
amjerad gvinda vaCvenoT, rom imave IV saukuneSi, qris-
tianuli saqarTvelos sulieri safuZvlebis gansazRvrisas
aseve Rrmad iyo warmosaxuli kacobriobis Soreul momaval-
Tan dakavSirebuli simbolo — vardebiT Semosili qristianuli
jvari.
`qarTlis moqcevidan~ is epizodi gavixsenoT, roca sauba-
ria rifsimesa da gaianesTan erTad wminda ninos saberZneTidan
kavkasiisken gamomgzavrebis Sesaxeb. Tavad wminda nino amgvar-
ad aRwers am epizods:
`meSvidesa welsa iyo wmidaY krebaY nikeas, da mervesa wel-
sa iyo sivltolaY Cueni saberZneTiT. rifsime dedofali da
gaiane, dedamZuZe, da ormeocdaaTi suli warmovemarTeniT
TTuesa pirvelsa aTxuTmetsa da gamovediT areTa somxiTisa-
Ta, samoTxesa mas Trdat mefisasa. igini moiklnes mun TTuesa
pirvelsa, ocdaaTsa, dResa paraskevsa.
xolo me davSTi ekalTa Sina vardisaTa, rameTu vardi da
nuSi yuavoda mas Jamsa . . . “32
rogorc vxedavT, am epizodSi sruliad garkveviTaa moce-
muli rifsimesa da gaianes qristesmieri naTlisReba — isini
mowameobrivad asruleben sicocxles. sagangebod isic mieniS-
neba, rom am dRes paraskevia.
vardis buCqSi damalul wminda ninosTan dakavSirebiT
naTqvamia, rom igi vardis eklebSi imyofeba (`xolo me davSTi
ekalTa Sina vardisaTa . . .~), riTac kidev erTxel xazi esmeva,
- 464 -
rom am SemTxvevaSi saubaria mowameTa imis msgavs aRsasrulze,
rogoric Tavad macxovarmac ganicada golgoTaze. paraskev
dRes wminda nino eklebidan Wvrets rifsimesa da gaianes wame-
bas. am SemTxvevaSi aseve adgili aqvs wminda ninos naTelxilviT
Wvretasac. igi garkveviT xedavs mowameTa sulebis ciur sfe-
roebSi gadanacvlebas:
` . . . da odes-igi aRmohvidodes sulni wmidaTa maT, vixile
zeciT samoslis msgavsad Camomavali diakoni olariTa naTli-
saiTa. da xelTa misTa aqunda sasakumevle, romlisagan gamovi-
doda kuamli sulnelebisaY, romeli caTa dahfarvida, da mis
Tana simravle erTa cisaTaY. da SeierTnes wmidani igi sulni
erTa maT zecisaTa da didebiT aRmaRldes cad.~
wminda nino SeSfoTebuli mimarTavs ufals:
ùfalo, ufalo, rad damiteve me Soris aspitTa da iqed-
neTa?”
swored am epizodSi ikveTeba is principuli sxvaoba, rac
arsebobs rifsime-gaianesa da wminda ninos sulier misiebs So-
ris. wminda nino dasmul kiTxvaze maSinve iRebs pasuxs:
`xma mesma me muniT, romeli metyoda me: èsreTve iyos war-
yvaneba Seni, odes ege ekali, romeli Sensa garemois ars, yove-
live iqmnes vard mewamul, sulnel Sen mier. xolo Sen aRdeg da
vidode aRmosavaliT . . . “
swored amis Semdeg wminda nino marto agrZelebs gzas qar-
Tlisaken.
rogorc vxedavT, warmodgenil epizodSi naTlad mieniS-
neba or erTmaneTisgan mkveTrad gansxvavebul misiaze. rif-
simesa da gaianes misia droSi win uswrebs wminda ninosas. isini
golgoTis eklovani jvridan momdinare naTlisRebas gadian.
iqve mieniSneba, rom wminda ninos gza gansxvavebulia. misi misia
momavalSi aRsruldeba da amitomac unda gaagrZelos gza aR-
mosavleTisaken. wminda ninos aRuTqva ufalma, rom mis sulsac
didebiT miiReben caSi, magram manamde unda aRsruldes eklis
mewamul vardad gardaqmnis saidumlo, anu ekliT Semosili
jvari mewamuli vardebiT unda Seimosos mis mier. rifsimem da
gaianem ekliani jvari miiRes. wminda nino eklebidan Wvrets
maT `jvarcmas~. wminda ninos ki ekisreba am eklebis vardebad
ayvavileba (` . . . odes ege ekali, romeli Sensa garemois ars,
yovelive iqmnes vard mewamul, sulnel Sen mier~).
mcxeTaSi Casuli wmindani Tavisi moRvaweobis dasawyisSi
mayvlovanSi cxovrobs da loculobs. mayvlis buCqic, cxadia,
- 465 -
eklovani garemos naTeli gamovlinebaa. Semdeg ki, roca xdeba
am eklovani periodis gavla, wmindani Sedis mefis samoTxed
wodebul baRSi da iq RvTismSoblis msaxebeli sveti aRimarTe-
ba, imave adgilas sveticxovlis saxiT axali sioni igeba. es
taZari uSualod solomonis taZris qristianul formasac ga-
nasaxierebs da mTeli Tavisi simbolikiT mimaniSnebelia kaco-
briobis istoriis momavali epoqis qristianuli saxisa. swored
amitomac, imave adgilas ayvavilebuli xisagan damzadebuli
jvari im periodSi aRimarTeba, roca golgoTis periodi gan-
vlilia. radgan wmindanTa saberZneTidan ltolva nikeas krebis
Semdeg moxda, am periodis gansazRvrisas swored nikeas kre-
baze miRebuli dadgenileba gaiTvaliswineba da ayvavilebuli
jvari aRimarTeba xis mokveTidan (37+7) dRis Semdeg. amiT naT-
ladaa naCvenebi, rom jvris es saxe gansxvavebulia golgoTis
eklovani jvrisagan — igi momavlis ayvavilebuli jvaria.
- 466 -
Tavi XII
saqarTvelos momavali misia
wina TavebSi ukve SevexeT im sulier procesebs, romleb-

sac adgili hqonda istoriis sakmaod xangrZliv periodSi —
daaxloebiT Zveli welTaRricxvis XX saukunidan, anu abraamis
epoqidan TiTqmis Tanamedrove epoqamde. ZiriTadad, aqcen-
tirebuli iyo is movlenebi, romlebsac, Cveni azriT, gadam-
wyveti mniSvneloba hqonda saqarTvelos rogorc Sinagan, aseve
garegan yofaSi da romlebic, faqtobrivad, qveynis Semdgomi
istoriis winapirobebs ayalibeben.
rogorc vnaxeT, saqarTveloSi mimdinare istoriul pro-
cesebs sruliad gansazRvruli adgili ukavia civilizebuli
samyaros istoriis mdinarebaSi. civilizaciis istoria ki, Ta-
vis mxriv, dakavSirebulia garkveul kosmologiur ritmebTan.
am ritmTagan gansakuTrebiT aqcentirebulia 2160 wliani gra-
dacia, romelic kosmologiur saaTze mzis erTi zodiaqodan
meore zodiaqoSi gadanacvlebas Seesabameba.
cis mTeli ekvatori, anu zodiaquri wre, am TvalsazrisiT,
dayofilia Tormet Tanabar monakveTad — zodiaqod. TiToeul
am zodiaqur periods sakacobrio istoriaSic garkveuli kul-
turuli periodi Seesabameba. rogorc iTqva, warRvnis Semdgom
istoriaSi sul Svidi amgvari periodia gaTvaliswinebuli war-
Rvnis analogiur movlenamde, romlis Semdegac kacobriobis
istoriaSi kvlav etapobrivi cvlilebebi moxdeba.
mas Semdeg, rac XV saukuneSi mzem verZis zodiaqodan Tevze-
bis zodiaqoSi gadainacvla, civilizaciis istoriaSic Sesabamisi
cvlileba aRiniSna da warRvnis Semdgomi meoTxe, anu berZnul-
romauli epoqa mexuTe, anu Tanamedrove epoqiT Seicvala. civi-
lizebulma samyarom mkveTrad Seicvala orientirebi.
kulturuli epoqebis cvlilebas yovelTvis gansakuTre-
buli mosamzadebeli movlenebi uswrebda xolme win. saRvTo
gangebulebiT garkveul geografiul arealSi gadmoiRvreba
xolme mZlavri sulieri impulsebi, romlebic momavali kul-
turuli epoqis jansaR ganviTarebas gansazRvravs. isic naCve-
nebi iyo, rom rogorc aRniSnuli epoqaluri cvlilebisas,
- 467 -
aseve mis wina sakvanZo periodSic, ese igi, warRvnis Semdgomi
mesame (egviptur-Sumeruli) epoqis meoTxeTi (berZnul-romau-
li) Secvlisasac amgvari rangis amocanebi daekisra kavkasiis
regionSi ganviTarebul kulturas, romelic, Tavis mxriv, sau-
kuneebis manZilze mzaddeboda aRniSnuli misiis Sesasruleb-
lad.
sxvadasxva religiur da sulier wreebSi uZvelesi droidanve
miRebulia pirobiTi aRniSvnebi: `dRe pirveli~, `dRe meore~,
`dRe mesame~. `pirveli dRe~ — es aris swored mesame (egviptur-
Sumeruli) kulturuli epoqis meoTxeTi (berZnul-romauli)
Secvlis periodi. `meore dRe~ gulisxmobs istoriis im sakvan-
Zo monakveTs, rodesac meoTxe kulturuli epoqac amoiwura
da igi TandaTan gadavida mexuTe, anu Tanamedrove epoqaSi.
mas Semdeg, rac saqarTvelos sulierma kulturam Zalze
aqtiuri Sinagani da garegani cxovrebis Sedegad, faqtobri-
vad, amowura Tavisi misia `meore dResTan~ mimarTebaSi, XIII sau-
kunidan ukve mkveTri degradacia ganicada. an ufro zustad,
saqarTvelom daamTavra aqtiuri sulieri cxovrebis mori-
gi faza da kidev erTxel Zilis mdgomareobaSi gadavida. am
rvasaukunovani periodis arsebobac, Tavis mxriv, istoriuli
aucileblobiT iyo ganpirobebuli.
rogorc zemoT ukve iyo saubari, XIII saukuneSi dedamiwaze
momxdari mkveTri cvlilebebi gamowveuli iyo im mniSvnelo-
vani movlenebiT, romlebic im periodSi sulier samyaroSi mim-
dinareobda. sulier samyaroSi momxdari cvlilebebi miwier
cxovrebaSic Sesabamisad airekla. rac Seexeba garegnul, is-
toriul movlenebs, is grandiozuli gardaqmnebi, romlebic
impulsirebuli iyo sulieri samyarodan, dedamiwis sxvadasxva
kuTxeSi sxvadasxva saxiT gamovlinda. am SemTxvevaSi, saqar-
Tvelo im nakadSi moeqca, romelic dakavSirebuli iyo mon-
Roluri samyarodan luciferuli inspiraciiT gavrcelebul
damangrevel talRasTan. monRolurma eqspansiam, faqtobri-
vad, miwasTan gaaswora qarTuli erovnuli kultura.
dReisTvis ar migvaCnia marTebulad msjelobis im mi-
marTulebiT warmarTva, Tu ra saxiT SeiZleboda gagrZelebu-
liyo saqarTvelos kulturuli ganviTareba, es katastrofa
rom ar momxdariyo. ra Tqma unda, arc is iqneba marTebuli,
vifiqroT, rom monRolTagan qarTuli kulturis ganadgureba
dadebiT istoriul movlenas warmoadgenda. rogorc aRvniS-
neT, kulturuli ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT ara mxolod
- 468 -
saqarTvelosTvis, aramed saerTod mTeli aRmosavleTisTvis
es movlena namdvilad katastrofa iyo da negatiuri sulieri
Zalebisgan iyo gamowveuli, magram rodesac vlaparakobT eris
ganviTarebis procesze ufro vrcel droiT masStabSi, albaT,
aucilebelia SevniSnoT, rom am periodSi saqarTvelos isto-
riaSi pasiur mdgomareobaSi gadasvla mainc logikur movlenas
warmoadgenda. SeiZleboda saerTod ar arsebuliyo monRoluri
eqspansia, magram saqarTvelos sulieri cxovreba raRac saxiT
mainc gaivlida am xangrZlivi Zilis istoriul etaps.
is aqtiuri movlenebi, romlebic axali epoqis dadgomas,
ese igi, XV saukunidan verZis epoqis Tevzebis epoqiT Sec-
vlas (anu meoTxe kulturuli epoqis mexuTeTi Secvlas) axl-
da Tan, ar Sedioda saqarTvelos misiaSi. axali, mecnierul da
teqnikur azrovnebasTan dakavSirebuli impulsebi rom gane-
viTarebina, dasavleTs sxva saxis msxverpli unda gaeRo da,
faqtobrivad, asec moxda. dasavleTis mecnierul-teqnikuri
progresi Zalze didi sulieri dacemis xarjze ganxorcielda.
dasavleTi Zalze mkveTrad mowyda sulier samyaros da aseve
mkveTrad ganaviTara Tavisi azrovnebiTi unarebi. sulier
samyarosgan mowyvetasTan dakavSirebiT, cxadia, ar igulis-
xmeba dasavleTSi moRvawe calkeuli didi individualobebi da
calkeuli jgufebi, romlebic, cxadia, am pirobebSic inarCu-
nebdnen mniSvnelovan sulier simaRleebs.
saqarTvelos sulier misias Seadgenda ara is, rom axali drois
motanil mecnierul-teqnikur progresSi Cabmuliyo, aramed ukve
Zilis mdgomareobaSi SeenarCunebina sulierebis garkveuli done,
Sinaganad gadaemuSavebina wina epoqis sulieri monapovrebi da
Zala moekriba axali istoriuli amocanebis Sesasruleblad.
daaxloebiT amgvari istoriuli amocanis winaSe idga saqar-
Tvelo maSinac, roca `pirveli dRis~ dadgomamde, daaxloebiT
Zv. w. XII saukuneSi, argonavtebma oqros sawmisi waiRes. is Zi-
lis mdgomareobac daaxloebiT Svidi-rva saukune gagrZelda.
Semdeg, farnavazis epoqaSi, Zv. w. IV-III saukuneebSi, masStaburi
erovnuli gamococxleba aRiniSna, riTac, faqtobrivad, daiwyo
axali, pirobiTad, CasunTqvis faza. es faza ukve axali welTaR-
ricxvis IV saukunidan icvleba qarTuli erovnuli cnobierebis
Semdgomi aRmavlobis faziT, rac aseve 7-8 saukune grZeldeba
da warmoadgens qarTuli kulturis morig amosunTqvas. XIII sau-
kunidan dawyebuli Zilis periodi ki, faqtobrivad, meoce sau-
kunis bolomde grZeldeba da mxolod am ukanasknel xans gamoC-
- 469 -
nda erovnuli gamococxlebis pirveli niSnebi.
rvasaukunovani Zili, cxadia, imas ar niSnavs, rom aq gareg-
nul istoriul planSi ar mimdinareobs mniSvnelovani procesi.
am periodis saqarTvelos istoriaSi mravladaa aRmavlobisa da
dacemis, didi gamarjvebebisa da didi damarcxebebis epizodebi.
moRvaweoben mniSvnelovani rangis wmindanebi da mowameebi. cxa-
dia, sruli gaugebroba iqneba, Tuki saTanadod ar iqneba Sefase-
buli iseTi individualobebis moRvaweoba, rogorebic iyvnen,
magaliTad, giorgi brwyinvale, aleqsandre didi, qeTevan wame-
buli, sulxan-saba orbeliani, ilia WavWavaZe da sxva mravali.
swored maT unda umadlodes qarTveli eri rogorc fizikuri,
aseve sulieri TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebas. mTeli am rva sau-
kunis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelo xmalamowvdili ibrZoda Tavisi
arsebobis dasacavad da swored imiT SeZlo dRevandlamde moR-
weva, rom igi xSirad Sobda erisa da qristianuli mrwamsisTvis
Tavdadebul gmirebs. es rvasaukunovani monakveTi, faqtobri-
vad, mowameobrivi erovnuli cxovrebis istoria iyo.
samarTlianadaa aRniSnuli, rom am istoriul monakveTSi
saqarTvelom mniSvnelovani geopolitikuri amocanac Seasru-
la, roca samxreTuli musulmanuri nakadebisgan daicva sla-
vuri samyaro da am nakadebs ar misca saSualeba kavkasiis Crdi-
loeTiT gavrcelebuliyo.1
rogorc aRvniSneT, erovnuli Zili sulac ar niSnavs imas,
rom am periodSi ar mimdinareobs garkveuli aqtiuri procese-
bi, magram Tu mTlianobaSi ganvixilavT eris sulier mdgomare-
obas, advilad davrwmundebiT, rom am periodis ganmavlobaSi
saqarTvelos erovnuli sulis winaSe mdgari amocanebi, Ziri-
Tadad, mainc garkveuli sulieri nakadebis SenarCunebiT gani-
sazRvreba. ZiriTadi amocana ufro metad mainc Zvelad mopo-
vebulis dacva da gadarCenaa, vidre axlis Seqmna, anda axali
drois problemebis gadawyveta.
amjerad gvinda yuradReba gavamaxviloT im mosalodnel
movlenebze, romlebic ukavSirdeba sakmaod Soreul momavalSi
gaTvaliswinebul `mesame dRes~, anu Tanamedrove epoqis Sec-
vlas axali, meeqvse kulturuli epoqiT.
Tu kvlav aRniSnul astrologiur saaTs warmovidgenT,
davinaxavT, rom amgvari epoqaluri naxtomi mosalodnelia
Soreul 36-e saukuneSi, roca mze datovebs Tevzebis zodiaqos
da merwyulis zodiaqoSi gadava. `mesame dRe~ ki gulisxmobs
im saukuneebs, romlebic win uswrebs da amzadebs aRniSnul
- 470 -
saetapo naxtoms. rogorc vnaxeT, `pirvel~ da `meore dReebSi~
saqarTvelo Tavis istoriul misias zodiaqur cvlilebamde
daaxloebiT sami-oTxi saukuniT adre aRasrulebda da Semdeg
Rrma Zilis mdgomareobaSi gadadioda. saqarTvelos kulturul
regionSi warmoSobili sulieri impulsebi ki gadaecemoda im
xalxebs, romlebsac dakisrebuli hqondaT momavali epoqis
kulturuli amocanebis gadawyveta. amgvari Zilis mdgomare-
oba daaxlobiT 7-8 saukune grZeldeboda da Semdeg iwyeboda
daaxloebiT aseTive xangrZlivi periodi, rodesac qarTuli
kultura TandaTan dRis sinaTleze gamodioda da Tavisi axa-
li misiis aRsrulebas amzadebda. mesame etapze, romelic aseve
7-8 saukune, anu zodiaquri saaTiT moniSnuli 2160 wliani pe-
riodis mesamedi grZeldeboda, qarTuli kultura ukve Tavisi
umTavresi misiis aRsrulebiT iyo dakavebuli, rasac kvlav
axali Zilis periodi enacvleboda. rogorc iTqva, es zodi-
aquri cikli daaxloebiT oTxi saukuniT win uswrebda realur
zodiaqur ciklTa monacvleobas da swored es garemoeba gana-
pirobebda saqarTvelos sulieri misiis umTavres Tavisebure-
bas — axali epoqis gamajansaRebeli impulsebis momzadebas.
Tu movlenebi momavalSic aRniSnuli kanonzomierebiT gan-
viTardeba, advili gasarkvevia, rom XII saukunis Semdgom 7-8
saukuniani Zilis Semdeg swored Tanamedrove periodSi iwyeba
kulturuli gamofxizlebis procesi. wina ciklSi analogiur
movlenas Zv. w. IV-III saukuneebSi hqonda adgili.
Tu yuradRebiT davakvirdebiT dRevandeli qarTveli
eris qvecnobier siRrmeebSi mimdinare Zvrebs, advilad dav-
rwmundebiT, rom miuxedavad didi winaaRmdegobisa da uaRre-
sad dramatuli Sinagani brZolisa, aRniSnuli procesi ukve
dawyebulia. sazogadod is, rac xdeba eris Sinagan samyaroSi,
garkveuli drois Semdeg aucileblad vlindeba xolme gareg-
nul istoriaSic.
ramdenadac momavali procesebi mravalsaukunovan masStab-
Si `mesame dRezea~ orientirebuli, albaT saWiroa kidev erT-
xel SevexoT am cnebis ZiriTad arssac.
aRniSnuli gamoTqmebi (`dRe pirveli~, `dRe meore~, `dRe
mesame~) xSirad ixmareboda uZveles sulier teqstebsa da gadmo-
cemebSi. wminda werilSi es gamoTqmebi gvxvdeba ioanes saxareba-
Sic. pirvelive TavSi, mas Semdeg, rac gveuwyeba, rom dasawyisSi,
anu pirveliTgan iyo sityva, Txroba imgvaradaa dalagebuli,
rom zedized sami epizodi iwyeba erTi da igive gamoTqmiT —
- 471 -
`meore dRes . . .“ (Zvel TargmanSi — `xvalisagan . . .~):
`xvalisagan ixila ioane ieso, momavali misa, da Tqua: aha
tarigi RmrTisaY, romelman aRixunes codvani soflisani.~2
`xvalisa dRe dga kualad ioane da mowafeTa misTaganni
orni. da mihxeda iesos, vidoda raY igi, da Tqua: aha tarigi
RmrTisaY.~3
`xvalisagan unda iesos ganslvad galilead da pova filipe
da hrqua mas ieso: momdevdi me.~4
aRniSnul epizodebs uSualod mosdevs uwyeba kanaSi momxdar
pirvel saswaulze, romelic iwyeba gamoTqmiT `mesame dRes”:
`da mesamesa dResa qorwili iyo kanas galileaisasa, da mun iyo
dedaY iesoisi. mihxades iesos da mowafeTa misTa qorwilsa mas.~5
macxovris mier kanaSi ganxorcielebuli saswauli erTader-
Tia, sadac macxovris garda RvTismSobelic monawileobs, rac
imas mianiSnebs, rom `mesame dRes~ aRsrulebul saswaulSi mac-
xovarTan erTad RvTaebrivi sofiis rolic umniSvnelovanesia.
zemoT Cven ukve SevexeT macxovris kosmosuri Sobis im process,
romelic sxvadasxva ierarqiul safexurze RvTaebrivi sofiis
mier ganxorcielda. amjerad `mesame dRes~, anu VI kulturuli
epoqis dadgomisas ukve mosalodnelia Sobis axali misteria,
romliTac adamianur arsebaSi misi axali sulieri wevri (induri
terminologiiT manasi) unda daibados. kacobriobisTvis es mov-
lena moiazreba rogorc grandiozuli sulieri qorwili, rasac
misi ganviTarebis axali safexuris dabadeba unda mohyves.
rodesac saubaria `mesame dReze~, rogorc gardamaval
etapze mexuTe, anu Tanamedrove kulturuli epoqidan Sem-
dgom meeqvse kulturaze gadasvlisa, albaT, saWiroa oriode
sityviT mainc SevexoT im ZiriTad Taviseburebebs, romlebic
aRniSnul periodebs axasiaTebT.
adamianis evoluciis TvalsazrisiT yovel kulturul
epoqas sruliad gansazRvruli amocana akisria. Tu Taname-
drove sulier mecnierebaSi miRebul terminebs daveyrdnobiT,
SeiZleba aRvniSnoT, rom yovel epoqaSi ganviTarebas ganicdis
adamianuri arsebis garkveuli nawili. magaliTad, Tu adamianur
samSvinvels danawevrebuli (samwevrovani) saxiT warmovidgenT,
irkveva, rom warRvnis Semdgomi mesame, anu egviptur-Sumeruli
epoqis mowinave civilizaciisTvis damaxasiaTebeli iyo adami-
anuri samSvinvelis mxolod pirveli wevris — grZnobadi sam-
Svinvelis arseboba. Semdgom, berZnul-romaul periodSi ukve
SesaZlebeli gaxda samSvinvelis meore wevris — gansjiTi sam-
- 472 -
Svinvelis ganviTareba. ra Tqma unda, es ar niSnavs, rom am epo-
qis Semdeg ukve mTeli kacobrioba flobda gansjiT samSvin-
vels, magram civilizaciis warmmarTveli xalxebisTvis igi
ukve istoriul monapovars warmoadgenda.
mas Semdeg, rac cxvris (verZis) epoqa Tevzebis epoqiT
Seicvala, anu istoriul planSi warmmarTveli civilizaciis
kerebma berZnul-romauli samyarodan kidev ufro dasavleTiT
gadainacvla, adamianur arsebaSi ukve gamoikveTa samSvinvelis
mesame wevris—cnobieri samSvinvelis ganviTarebis SesaZle-
blobac. mimdinare kulturul epoqaSi, romelic jer kidev
didxans gagrZeldeba, swored adamianuri arsebis am nawilis
TandaTanobiTi damkvidreba mimdinareobs.
`mesame dRe~ ukve dasabams udebs kidev erT axal periods,
romelSic aseve mkveTri cvlilebaa mosalodneli adamianuri
konstilaciis Semdgomi ganviTarebis gzaze. im droisTvis ukve
SesaZlebeli iqneba adamianuri arsebis iseTi maRali nawilis
mopoveba, rogoricaa Tavadi suli, anu Zveli induri termi-
nologiiT — manasi.
rogorc aucilebeli piroba Tavadi sulis, anu manasis mo-
povebas im Soreul momavalSi win unda uswrebdes astraluri
sxeulis, an ufro zustad, misi umaRlesi gamovlinebis — cnobi-
eri samSvinvelis ganwmenda. mxolod ganwmendili, daxvewili
cnobieri samSvinveli iZleva Tavadi sulis dabadebis saSuale-
bas.
jer kidev uZveles ezoterul qristianul wreebSi RvTism-
Soblis xati aRiqmeboda rogorc mimaniSnebeli adamianis gan-
wmendil astralur sxeulze da gansakuTrebiT gulisxmobda
misi umaRlesi da yvelaze ufro srulyofili mSvinvieri sawyi-
sis, cnobieri samSvinvelis srul gansulierebas. ganwmendili
da gansulierebuli cnobieri samSvinveli, romelSic ukve vi-
Tardeba Tavadi suli, iwodeboda rogorc `RvTismSobeli~, anu
saidumlo skolebSi — `qalwuli sofia~.6
aseve uZvelesi qristianuli tradiciiT, swored RvTis-
mSobeli iTvleba warRvnis Semdgomi meeqvse kulturuli epo-
qis gansakuTrebul mfarvelad. im momaval periodSi adami-
anebs sruliad gansakuTrebuli, cnobieri mimarTeba eqnebaT
RvTaebrivi sibrZnis, anu sofiis gamovlinebasTan. im drois-
Tvis kacobrioba bevrad ufro intensiurad iqneba ziarebuli
RvTaebriv sibrZnesTan, vidre Cven droSi. momavali, meeqvse
kulturuli epoqis erT-erTi umTavresi Tavisebureba swored
- 473 -
imaSi mdgomareobs, rom Tanamedrove epoqisgan gansxvavebiT,
romelic sruliad gamokveTilad `mamakacuri~ sulieri saw-
yisis aqtivobiT xasiaTdeba, umTavresad warmodgeba rogorc
`maradqaluri~ sawyisis arsobrivi gamovlineba.
zemoTac aRiniSna, rom pirveli saukuneebis qristianuli
swavleba sruliad Segnebulad dumda sofiologiuri probleme-
bis Sesaxeb. wminda sofiasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis azro-
briv formebamde dayvana arc qristianuli msoflmxedvelobis
damkvidrebis da arc Tanamedrove epoqis centralur amocanebs
ar warmoadgens. mTeli is sofiologiuri moRvaweoba, romelsac
adgili hqonda rogorc dasavleT, aseve aRmosavleT saqristia-
noSi, mxolod pirveli nabijebia im WeSmariti sofiologiuri
msoflmxedvelobisa, romelmac momaval meeqvse kulturul pe-
riodSi unda moicvas civilizebuli samyaro. sofiis misteriis
WeSmariti saxiT gamonaTebas aTeul saukuneze meti gvacilebs,
magram dRevandeli epoqis wiaRSi ukve iwyeba pirveli ylorte-
bis dabadeba. Tu msoflio istoriuli procesebi marTlzomieri
mimarTulebiT ganviTardeba, Semdgomi, meeqvse kulturuli
epoqis centraluri problemis gadawyveta aRmosavleT evropis
xalxebs mouwevT. Tanamedrove civilizaciis warmmarTveli cen-
trebi dasavleT evropidan TandaTan aRmosavleTisken gadaad-
gildebian. dRevandeli slavuri samyaro jerjerobiT mxolod
Camoyalibebis fazaSi imyofeba da umTavresad swored amiT Sei-
Zleba aixsnas is faqti, rom ukanasknel saukuneebSi swored es
regioni iqca msoflios sxvadasxva faruli Tu cxadi Zalebis
sabrZolo poligonad. dReisTvis Zalze mZlavria is negatiuri
Zala, romelic kacobriobis istoriaSi sruliad gansxvavebul
miznebs isaxavs. sulieri samyaros bneli sferoebidan moqmedma
arimanulma da luciferulma Zalebma TavianTi gamovlinebis
maqsimalur doneebs meoce saukunis miwuruls miaRwies da didi
Secdoma iqneba imis fiqri, rom kacobriobis marTlzomieri mi-
marTulebiT ganviTareba Tavad am kacobriobisgan damoukide-
blad, TavisTavadi gziT moxdeba.
marTalia, aRmosavleT evropis kulturis zeobis xanas
sakmaod didi dro gvacilebs, magram cnobierad, Tu aracnobi-
erad `qveynierebis meufebisTvis~ mebrZoli negatiuri sulieri
Zalebi axlave grZnoben, Tu sad unda momzaddes is jansaRi
impulsebi, romlebmac momavali civilizacia unda gaanayofi-
eros. momavlis am pirveli naperwklebis Casaqrobad warmoe-
buli brZola uaRresad mwvaved mimdinareobs rogorc sulier,
- 474 -
aseve fizikur planSi da swored am brZolis gamoxatulebaa is
tragikuli movlenebi, romlebic ocdameerTe saukunis mijnaze
kavkasiis teritoriaze xorcieldeba.
ukanasknel periodSi mkveTrad gaaqtiurda dasavleT da
aRmosvleT evropis kulturuli urTierTobebi. es procesebi
momavalSi kidev ufro masStabur xasiaTs miiRebs da am gziT
aRmosavleT evropa intensiurad aiTvisebs dasavluri civi-
lizaciis monapovrebs. es kulturuli ganayofiereba, ZiriTa-
dad, garegnuli kulturis sferoSi ganxorcieldeba da mesame
aTaswleulis miwuruls aRmosavleT evropaSi gaCndeba im su-
lieri impulsebis mwvave deficiti, romlebic kacobriobis su-
lieri cxovrebis uaRresad Rrma sferoebidan momdinareobs da
romelTa Senaxva-ganviTarebac swored kavkasiuri civilizaci-
is centralur amocanas warmoadgens. Semdgomi aTaswleulis
manZilze, rodesac moxdeba slavuri samyaros mier dasavluri
civilizaciis garegnuli kulturis aTviseba, dasavluri kul-
turis ZiriTadi sulieri monapovrebi garkveuli eqstraqtis
saxiT gadatanil iqneba kavkasiur sulier garemoSi, radgan am
eqstraqtis miRebisa da dacvisTvis sxva ufro Sesaferisi ga-
remo ar moiZebneba. am garemos Seqmna ki aTaswleulebis ganma-
vlobaSi mimdinareobs. ramdenadac Semdgomi, meeqvse kultura
xazgasmulad sofiuri xasiaTiT iqneba gamorCeuli, bunebrivia,
aRniSnuli sulieri garemos Seqmna mxolod im xalxis wiaR-
Sia SesaZlebeli, sadac erovnuli cnobierebis doneze arse-
bobs RvTismSoblisagan momdinare sulieri impulsebis gancda.
RvTismSoblis kultis is forma, romelsac qarTveli eris
cnobierebaSi dResac grandiozuli masStabebi aqvs, swored sa-
fuZvelTa safuZvelia qarTveli eris sulieri misiis ganxor-
cielebis saqmeSi. mxolod amgvari sulieri ganwyobilebis eris
mier momzadebul wiaRSi SeiZleba miRebul iqnas is sulieri
eqstraqti, romlis Seqmnasac Tanamedrove civilizebuli kaco-
brioba emsaxureba. rogorc aRvniSneT, saqarTvelos uZvelesi
kulturac swored amgvari zogadsakacobrio amocanebiT iyo
dakavebuli. Cvenamde mxolod miTosuri xatebis saxiT moaR-
wia xsovnam òqros sawmisis~ Sesaxeb, romelic `pirveli dRis~
centraluri problemis gadawyvetas emsaxureboda. zemoT Cven
SevexeT qarTuli kulturis analogiur rols `meore dResac~,
magram Tavisi mniSvnelobiT msoflio istoriis mdinarebaSi
qarTuli kulturis winaSe dasmuli `mesame dRis~ amocana gaci-
lebiT rTulicaa da gacilebiT mniSvnelovanic. kacobriobis
- 475 -
ganviTarebis mimarTulebis gansazRvrisTvis brZolas gansa-
kuTrebiT mwvave xasiaTi istoriis am fazaSi aqvs.
saqarTvelos qristianul kulturaze dakisrebuli am mZi-
me amocanis gancda axali drois pirvel saukuneebSive hqondaT
rogorc qarTvel, aseve ucxoel sulier moRvaweebs.
marTalia, `qarTlis moqceva~ qarTlis gaqristianebis re-
alur istorias gadmogvcems, magram naTelia, rom misi mTavari
aqcentebi swored sakacobrio `mesame dRiskenaa~ mimarTuli.
RvTismSoblisadmi mimarTebidan momdinare qarTveli eris su-
lieri misia Tavis umTavres gamovlinebas swored am momaval
epoqaSi miaRwevs. qarTul mesianizmSi mocemuli uwyeba imis
Sesaxeb, rom RvTismSobeli Tavis wilxvdomil iberiaSi misi
momavali gabrwyinebisas mova, umTavresad swored am `mesame
dRes~ gulisxmobs (cxadia, aq mocemulia sulieri xati da ar
SeiZleba imis Tqma, rom aq RvTismSoblis adamianuri saxiT mos-
vlazea saubari).
ramdenadac RvTismSoblis wilxvdomil saqarTveloSi mis
`nacvlad~ istoriulad wminda nino movida, bunebrivia, `moqce-
vis~ avtori swored am suraT-xatSi Wvrets im momaval gran-
diozul movlenas, rac `mesame dRes~ RvTismSoblis mosvlis,
anu RvTismSoblis inspiraciiT saqarTvelos mier mniSvnelo-
vani sulieri misiis aRsrulebasTanaa dakavSirebuli.
wminda ninos saqarTveloSi mosvlis istoriuli movlena
imgvar suraT-xatebSia moTxrobili, rom igi imaginaciurad mi-
aniSnebs kidev ufro Rrma sulier movlenaze — qarTveli eris
misiaze `mesame dRes~. Tavad uZvelesi termini `mesame dRe~-c,
iseve rogorc ioanes saxarebaSi, `qarTlis moqcevaSic~ xazgas-
miT mieniSneba.
wminda ninos mosvlis suraT-xati sxvadasxva saxiT `mo-
qcevis~ or epizodSia mocemuli — pirveli, rodesac saubaria
faravnis tbidan qarTlis teritoriaze Semosvlaze, da meo-
re, rodesac mcxeTasTan mosuli wminda nino armazis kerpebis
msxvrevisa da masTan dakavSirebuli movlenebis Semdeg mtkvar-
ze gadadis da mcxeTaSi Sedis. orive SemTxvevaSi erTsa da ima-
ve sulier simbolikasTan gvaqvs saqme (am ricxviT simboli-
kas zemoT Cven gansxvavebul konteqstSi ukve SevexeT, magram
amjerad maT sulier mniSvnelobebs swored `mesame dResTan~
mimarTebaSi ganvixilavT).
faravanze mosuli wminda nino pirdapir ki ar gaemarTa
qarTlisaken, aramed ori dRe Seicada. sazrdeli miiRo me-
- 476 -
TevzeTagan da ganZlierda `ZaliTa miT sazrdelisaiTa~.7 am
epizodSi mocemuli simboloebi òri dRe~ da `meTevzeTagan
miRebuli sazrdeli~ TavianTi sulieri mniSvnelobiT swored
`meore dResa~ da masTan dakavSirebul qristianul sazrdos
gulisxmobs (Tevzi, rogorc qristes epiTeti), risi miRebisa
da amiT gaZlierebis Semdeg sazogadod kacobrioba da, ufro
viwro gagebiT ki, saqarTvelo, SeZlebs `mesame dRis~ amocanebi
gadawyvitos. swored mesame dRes miRebuli gamocxadebis Sem-
deg wminda nino gabedulad Sedis qarTlis miwaze.
analogiur simbolur metyvelebasTan gvaqvs saqme wminda ni-
nos mcxeTaSi Sesvlis epizodSic. mas Semdeg, rac mis mier RvTis
ZaliT damsxvreul iqna armazis kerpebi, igi mogviTxrobs, rom
pirdapir ki ar Sevida mcxeTaSi, aramed jer saTanado dromde
Seicada. mtkvris marjvena napirze mlocvels sefeqali SroSana
estumra da misi ambis gamokiTxvis Semdeg Seecada mefis karze
waeyvana igi. miuxedavad SroSanas daJinebisa, wminda nino ar Se-
dis mcxeTaSi da mxolod `mesame dRes~ gadadis mtkvarze.
` . . . odes cna yoveli saqme Cemi, maiZula waryvanebaY Cemi
sefed, xolo me ara vinebe, da igi warvida. da mesamesa dResa
Camoved qalaqad mcxeTad da mivimarTe samoTxesa mas mefisa-
sa. da mi-raY-ved karsa zeda samoTxisasa, iyo saxlaki mcire
samoTxis mcvelisaY, da Se-raY-ved Sina, jda ese dedakaci anas-
tos . . .~8
rogorc vxedavT, wminda nino mesame dRes Sedis mcxeTaSi,
rac simbolurad swored im Soreul `mesame dRes~ gulisxmobs,
rodesac saqarTveloSi RvTismSoblis mosvla, anu RvTismSob-
lis impulsis mZlavri gamovlinebaa mosalodneli. wminda ninos
mcxeTaSi Sesvla rom swored aRniSnul suraT-xats warmoadgens,
iqve sxva mniSvnelovani imaginaciuri simboloebiTac zustde-
ba: mcxeTaSi misuli wminda nino Sedis samefo baRSi, romelsac
samoTxed moixseniebs. am samoTxis mcvelis saxlSi misvlac, cxa-
dia, Rrma sulier xats warmoadgens. kidev ufro mniSvnelovania
Semdegi uwyeba — wminda nino aq xvdeba anastos, anu, Tu am ber-
Znul dasaxelebas qarTulad gaviazrebT, irkveva, rom wminda
ninos samoTxeSi Sesvla anastos, anu aRdgomas ukavSirdeba (ber-
Znuli sityva anastos qarTulad aRdgomas niSnavs).
rogorc zemoT iyo naCvenebi, `mesame dResTan~ dakavSire-
buli aRdgoma (anu oTxi dRis mkvdris gacocxleba, gaRviZeba)
naTlad iyo mocemuli `moqcevis~ sulier koncefciasTan Rrmad
dakavSirebul teqstSic (`qebaY da didebaY qarTulisa enisaY“).
- 477 -
rogorc vTqviT, meoce saukunis bolos qarTulma kul-
turam ukve daiwyo rvasaukunovani Zilidan gamofxizleba. es
procesi momavalSi kidev ufro intensiuri gaxdeba da saqar-
Tvelos sulier cxovrebaSi momzaddeba is saarsebo garemo,
romelmac kacobriobis Zvirfasi ganZi unda daitios. eris su-
lieri aRmavlobis es procesi, cxadia, garkveuli saxiT mis
garegnul yofaSic aisaxeba.
zemoT ukve iyo saubari imaze, rom ikonografiaSi arse-
bobs ori tipis sulTmofenobis xati. pirvel SemTxvevaSi xa-
tze gamosaxulia mxolod Tormeti mociquli, xolo meore Sem-
TxvevaSi maTTan erTad imyofeba RvTismSobelic. isic naCve-
nebi iyo, rom mcxeTur sulier garemoSi sruliad gamokveTi-
lad aqcentirebulia meore SemTxveva, ese igi, RvTismSoblis
monawileoba sulTmofenobis movlenaSi. es movlena, cxadia,
im TvalsazrisiTacaa bunebrivi, rom saqarTveloSi uaRresad
maRal sulier safexurze ganicdeba RvTismSoblis mociqu-
lebrivi moRvaweoba. am TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelo xom swored
RvTismSoblis wilxvedri mxarea. Tavad xuroTmoZRvrul
formebSic es motivi naTladaa gamosaxuli rogorc sveti-
cxovlis, aseve samTavros taZrebSi.
miuxedavad imisa, rom orive tipis xatebze erTi da igive
istoriuli movlenaa gamosaxuli, aRniSnuli niuansuri sxvaoba
uaRresad Rrma sulieri Sinaarsis momcvelia. pirvel SemTxveva-
Si, Tormet mociqulze suliwmidis gadmosvliT miniSnebulia
is epoqa, rodesac xdeba qristesTan dakavSirebuli moZRvre-
bis gavrceleba da es periodi ukavSirdeba rogorc berZnul-
romaul, aseve mis Semdgom, anu Tanamedrove epoqas. aRniSnuli
periodi gamokveTilad `mamakacebrivi~ aspeqtiT xasiaTdeba.
qristianul kultmsaxurebaSic gamokveTilad RmerTmamakace-
brivi aspeqtia wina planze, rasac cnobierebis sferoSi bune-
brivad ukavSirdeba qristologiis Camoyalibeba. rac Seexeba
meore tipis xatebs, aq miniSnebulia ukve mis Semdgom, anu me-
eqvse kulturul epoqaze, rodesac aseve wina planze gamova
maradqaluri sulieri aspeqtis gamoxatulebac, rac kult-
msaxurebis TvalsazrisiT RvTismSoblisadmi mimarTebis uaR-
resad maRal dones gulisxmobs. cnobierebis TvalsazrisiT ki
Zalze aqtiuri gaxdeba sofiologiac. Tormet mociquls So-
ris gamosaxuli RvTismSobeli swored kacobriobis ganviTare-
bis am momaval etaps moiniSnavs.9
warmodgenili ganwyobileba, cxadia, Zalze axlobelia im
- 478 -
sulier garemoSi, romelic mcxeTuri misteriidan momdinare im-
pulsebiT sazrdoobda da droTa msvlelobaSi es sulieri gan-
wyobileba xalxur cnobierebaSic iRvreboda. vfiqrobT, qarTul
erovnul cnobierebaSi fesvgadgmuli RvTismSoblis kulti da
is Tundac aracnobieri gancda sakuTari eris momavali sulieri
misiis Sesaxeb, rac am erSi dResac cocxlobs, sruliad naTeli
gamoxatulebaa mcxeTuri misteriis uZvelesi saxisa.
kacobriobis sulieri cxovrebis am mimarTulebiT ganvi-
Tarebis gzaze uaRresad did saSiSroebas warmoadgens movle-
naTa xelovnurad daCqarebis mcdeloba. rogorc aRvniSneT,
jer kidev pirveli saukuneebis qristiani mamebi uaRresad
didi sifrTxiliT ekidebodnen RvTismSoblis kultis aqtiur
Semotanas kultmsaxurebis sferoSi. Sesabamisad sofiologiis
problemebic ar gadauqceviaT farTo saeklesio diskusiebis
Temad. sruliad marTebulad isini qristologiis damkvidre-
bisTvis iRvwodnen. amgvari saeklesio ganwyobileba, praqtiku-
lad, oci saukunea grZeldeba da dRemdea SemorCenili.
advili SesamCnevia, rom am TvalsazrisiT mkveTrad gamokveTil
gamonakliss warmoadgens saqarTvelos marTlmadidebluri ekle-
siisTvis damaxasiaTebeli kultmsaxurebis forma. am sferoSi
RvTismSoblis kulti uaRresad farTodaa gamovlenili, rasac
qarTul xalxur cnobierebaSi gadazrdili RvTismSoblis kul-
tis kidev ufro grandiozuli masStabebi emateba.
es movlena sruliad bunebrivia, radgan momavali, meeqvse
kulturuli epoqis sulieri safuZvlebis momzadebaSi saqris-
tianos am nawils uaRresad mniSvnelovani roli ekisreba.
isic advilad SesamCnevia, rom danarCen saqristianosTan
SedarebiT RvTismSoblisadmi gansakuTrebuli midrekile-
ba slavur samyaroSi ufro metadaa gamokveTili. marTalia,
igi saqarTvelos msgavs masStabebs ar aRwevs, magram danarCen
saqristianosTan SedarebiT sxvaoba mainc naTelia. es Tavisebu-
rebac sruliad logikurad momdinareobs im ganwyobilebidan,
rom Tu kacobriobis istoria marTlzomieri gziT ganviTarde-
ba, meeqvse kulturuli epoqis centraluri kulturuli areali
teritoriulad swored aRmosavleT evropas daukavSirdeba.
im Soreul epoqamde ki kacobriobam frTxili nabijebiT
unda iaros. movlenebis yovelgvar xelovnur daCqarebas bune-
brivad mohyveba uwmindesi sulieri gancdebis sruli profana-
cia, rac adamianur samSvinvelebSi negatiuri Zalebis moqmede-
bas gauxsnis gzas. luciferuli iluziis tyveobaSi moxvedri-
- 479 -
li adamianebis cnobierebaSi ki mzeSemosili dedakacis xatis
nacvlad babiloneli meZavis xati damkvidrdeba.
kacobriobis ganviTarebas Tavisi kanonzomieri ritmi aqvs
da am kanonzomierebaTa gancdas yovel istoriul epoqaSi
gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeboda sulier moZRvarTa moq-
medebis sferoSi.
winamdebare naSromSi, faqtobrivad, mimoxilul iqna qar-
Tveli eris sulieri cxovreba da samomavlo perspeqtivebi
sakmaod xangrZlivi istoriuli periodis manZilze, kerZod,
moniSnul iqna ori aTaswleuli qristemde, Semdeg ori aTas-
wleuli qristedan Tanamedrove epoqamde da kidev daaxloebiT
ori aTaswleuli Tanamedrove epoqidan momavlisken. rogorc
naCvenebi iyo, saqarTvelos sulier cxovrebas, rac, cxadia,
uSualod gansazRvravs mis garegnul istoriasac, sruliad
gansazRvruli ritmuli kanonzomiereba gaaCnia. ganviTarebis
es ritmi gulisxmobs fizikuri drois periodul danawevrebas
daaxloebiT 7-8 saukunis momcvel monakveTebad. isic aRniS-
nuli iyo, rom ramdenadac es periodi emTxveva astronomiuli
TvalsazrisiT moniSnuli zodiaquri periodis (2160 w.) erT
mesameds, SeiZleba garkveuli pirobiTobiT mas zusti wliuri
mniSvnelobebic mivaniWoT. 2160 wliani zodiaquri periodis
samze gayofiT miiReba 720 weli.
analogiuri ritmis arseboba calkeuli individisTvisac
niSandoblivi faqtia. adamianis miwier cxovrebaSi misTvis
damaxasiaTebelia ganviTarebis Svidwliani ritmi. yovel Svi-
deulSi mniSvnelovani gardaqmnebi xdeba mis konstilaciaSi
da yalibdeba misi arsebis calkeuli Semadgeneli nawilebi.
adamianis evoluciisTvis damaxasiaTebeli amgvari Svidwliani
ritmebis arseboba jer kidev uZveles elinur samyaroSi iqna
gaanalizebuli da, miT umetes, Tanamedrove fsiqologiaSi igi
sruliad aRiarebuli faqtia.
rac Seexeba adamianTa did jgufebs, maTTvis ara Svidwliani,
aramed Svidsaukunovani evoluciuri ritmia damaxasiaTebeli.
rogorc cnobilia, amgvari Svidsaukunovani ritmi mxolod
saqarTvelos istoriuli cxovrebisTvis ar aris damaxasiaTe-
beli da, sazogadod, kacobriobis evoluciac swored amgvari
ritmuli monacvleobiT ganixileba. Tumca am zogadsakaco-
brio evoluciis periodizaciasa da winamdebare naSromSi
saqarTvelos sulier cxovrebasTan dakavSirebul periodiza-
cias Soris arsebobs garkveuli gansxvaveba. rogorc zogad-
- 480 -
sakacobrio organizmis erT-erTi Semadgeneli nawili, cxadia,
saqarTveloc CarTulia am sayovelTao ritmul procesebSi,
magram amjerad naCvenebi iyo is kerZo evoluciuri Tavise-
burebebic, romlebic konkretulad qarTveli eris sulieri
cxovrebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli da romelic gansazRvravs
mis rols aRniSnul zogadsakacobrio mdinarebaSi.
Tu gamoTqmul mosazrebas sqematurad gamovsaxoT, da-
vinaxavT, rom sayovelTao ritmul kanonzomierebisgan gan-
sxvavebiT saqarTvelos istoriisTvis damaxasiaTebeli sakvanZo
wertilebi daaxloebiT oTxi saukuniTaa wanacvlebuli:
nax. 59
- 481 -
es droiTi wanacvleba ise ar unda gavigoT, TiTqos an
zogadsakacobrio procesi mudmivad win uswrebdes saqar-
TveloSi mimdinare procesebs da igi amgvari oTxsaukunovani
CamorCeniT misdevdes am mdinarebas, anda piriqiT. am sqematur
gamosaxulebaSi mniSvnelovani isaa, rom, rogorc naCvenebi
iyo, saqarTvelos sulieri cxovrebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia is
kanonzomiereba, rom igi sami 7-8 saukunovani periodis mom-
cvel epoqaSi axerxebs Tavisi erovnuli misiis momzadebasa da
aRsrulebas. am sami periodidan pirveli, faqtobrivad, erT-
gvari Zilisa da sulieri Zalebis mokrebis periods warmoad-
genda. es sulieri Zili garegnul kulturaSic naTlad gamo-
isaxeboda imiT, rom am periodSi aRiniSneboda mkveTri kul-
turuli degradacia. Semdeg SvideulSi qarTuli kultura ukve
intensiurad iwyebda zogadsakacobrio cxovrebaSi CarTvas da
TiTqosda Zilisgan gamofxizlebuli ganvlil periodSi war-
mmarTveli kulturebis sulier monapovrebs iTvisebda, xolo
mesame SvideulSi ukve Tavad gamoimuSavebda mZlavr impulsebs
da sulierad anayofierebda im axlad fexadgmul kulturebs,
romlebsac momavalSi unda etvirTaT sakacobrio kulturuli
mSeneblobis warmmarTveli xalxebis tvirTi. amgvari kulmi-
naciuri momentebi aRiniSneba daaxlobeiT Zv. w. XII saukuneSi
(oqros sawmisis waReba) da Semdeg axali welTaRricxvis XII sau-
kuneSi daviTisa da Tamaris epoqaSi. am TvalsazrisiT, samomav-
lo perspeqtivebic saorientaciod zemoT iqna moniSnuli.
- 482 -
SeniSvnebi
Sesavali
1. nikoloz I, qarTlis kaTalikoz-patriarqis mier Sedgenili

`sakiTxavi suetis cxovelisa kuarTisa saufloisa da kaTo-
like eklesiisa~, tfilisi, 1908, gv. 101
Tavi I
oqros sawmisi
1. a. uruSaZe, àpolonios rodoseli da misi Txzuleba~, àrgo-

navtika~, Tbilisi, 1975, gv. 22
2. T. burWulaZe, àzrovnebis evoluciis Sesaxeb~, Tbilisi,
1996, gv. 69
3. r. Staineri, idumalTmetyvelebis narkvevebi, Tbilisi, 2003,
gv. 232
4. o.. lorTqifaniZe,, evmelos korinTelis cnobis interpret-
aciisaTvis, kavkasiur-axloaRmosavluri krebuli, Tbilisi,
2001, gv. 224
5. herodote, istoria, II, 103-105
6. T. yauxCiSvili, hipokrates cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb,
Tbilisi, 1965, gv. 19
7. T. yauxCiSvili, berZeni mwerlebis cnobebi saqarTvelos Ses-
axeb, III, Tbilisi, 1974, gv. 54
8. apolonios rodoseli, àrgonavtika~, Tbilisi, 1975, gv. 163
9. hans gzengeri, `Savi zRvis sanapiro da misi misterialuri
impulsebi~ (Hans Gsenger- `Der Schwarzmeer-Raum und seine Myste-
rienimpulse in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart, verlag-`Die Kommenden~-
Freiburg, 1971).
10. apolonios rodoseli, àrgonavtika~, Tbilisi, 1975, gv. 117
11. ɋɬɪɚɛɨɧ, Ƚɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ, Ʌɟɧɢɧɝpɚɞ, 1964, ɫ. 473
12. i. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani Tormet tomad, t. 1. Tbilisi,
1977. gv. 60, 62
13. straboni, `geografia~, XI, 2, 19
14. apiane, miTridates omebi, 103
15. r. xauSka, `moZRvreba substanciebis Sesaxeb~, 1946
- 483 -
16. ȼ. ə. ɉpɨɩɩ, `ɂɫɬɨpɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨpɧɢ ɜɨɥɲɟɛɧɨɣ ɫɤɚɡɤɢ», Ʌɟɧɢɧɝpɚɞ, 1986
17. ɋ. Ɉ. ɉpɨɤɨɮɶɟɜ, `ɇɟɛɟɫɧɚɹ ɋɨɮɢɹ ɢ Ⱥɧɬpɩɨɫɨɮɢɹ», Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 1997. ɫɬ.51
18. ɋ. Ɉ. ɉpɨɤɨɮɶɟɜ, `ɇɟɛɟɫɧɚɹ ɋɨɮɢɹ ɢ Ⱥɧɬpɩɨɫɨɮɢɹ», Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 1997. ɫɬ.51
19. M. C. Astour, Hellenosemitica, Leiden, 1967
20. r. gordeziani, àrgonavtebi~, logosi, 1999, gv. 81
21. r. Staineri, argonavtebis Tqmuleba da odisea, leqcia,
wakiTxuli berlinSi, 1904 wlis 4 oqtombers, gamomcemloba
àwmyo~, Tbilisi, 2002
Tavi II
georgianuli saqarTvelo
1. z. gamsaxurdia, `vefxistyaosnis saxismetyveleba~, Tbilisi,

1991. gv. 216
2. ix. SeniSvna 1, gv. 163, 210
3. `wameba wmidisaY giorgisi, romeli aRwera da Tana daxuda
yovelsa simxnesa missa mowafe wmidisa giorgisi basiqar-
tos,~ `wminda giorgi~, Tbilisi, 1991. gv. 69
4. Ɋ. ɒɬɚɣɧɟp, «ɏpɢɫɬɨɫ ɢ Ⱦɭɯɨɜɧɵɣ Ɇɢp», Ʌɚɢɩɰɢɝ, 28. XII. 1913 - 2. I. 1914.
5. ùwyebaY sakvirvelebaTaTvis wmidisa da didebulisa qristes
mowamisa giorgisTa,~ `wminda giorgi~, Tbilisi, 1991. gv. 82
6. ix. SeniSvna 4
7. vera bardaveliZe,, `qarTvelTa
qarTvelTa uZvelesi sarwmunoebis istorii-
dan (RvTaeba barbar-babar)~, Tbilisi, 1941, saq. mecn. akademia
8. ix. SeniSvna 7, gv. 540
9. i. javaxiSvili, qarTveli eris istoria, w. 1-3, tfilisi, 1928,
gv. 118-119
10. ɇ. Ɇɚɪɪ, ɂɡ ɉɢɪɟɧɟɣɫɤɨɣ Ƚɭɪɢɢ, ɂɡɛɪ. ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, IV, gv. 49-50
11. Ⱦɠɟɣɦɫ Ⱦɠɨɪɞɠ Ɏɪɟɡɟɪ, Ɂɨɥɨɬɚɹ ɜɟɬɜɶ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 1986, ɫɬ. 144
15. ix. SeniSvna 5, gv. 119-120
16. Ȼɟpɧɚpɞ Ʌɢɜɟɯɭɞ. «Ɉ ɫɩɚɫɟɧɢɢ ɞɭɲɢ». Ʉɚɥɭɝɚ, 1996. ɫɬ. 63
17. Ⱦɠɟɣɦɫ Ⱦɠɨɪɞɠ Ɏɪɟɡɟɪ, Ɂɨɥɨɬɚɹ ɜɟɬɜɶ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 1986, ɫɬ. 137
18. ix. SeniSvna 3. gv. 72
19. abuseriZe tbeli, Tbilisi, 1941. gamosca l. musxeliSvilma.
gv. 258
- 484 -
21. n. abakelia, `simbolo da rituali qarTul kulturaSi~,
Tbilisi, 1997. gv. 6-9
22. ix. SeniSvna 21
23. mTxrobeli iuri bogdanovi, Caiwera rezo maisuraZem, 1998
24. gamocxadrba ioanesi, 12, 1-4
25. gamocxadrba ioanesi, 12, 7-9
26. leonti mroveli, „cxovreba mefeTa~, gv. 87
27. i. javaxiSvili, t. 1, gv. 128
28. a. losevi, `sityva qarTul neoplatonizmze~, `dumili~,
Tbilisi, 1993, gv. 29-30
29. z. qoqraSvili, „bibliur patiosan qvaTa da etlTa Sesaxeb~,
2001 w., gv. 37
31. Ɋ. ɒɬɚɣɧɟp, `Ⱥɧɬpɨɩɨɫɨɮɫɤɢɟ pɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ», Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 1996
32. Ɋ. ɒɬɚɣɧɟp, `ɂɦɩɭɥɶɫɢpɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩpɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
pɨɜɚɧɢɟ pɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɨɜɨɣ ɢɫɬɨpɢɢ
ɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɦɢpɨɜɨɣ
pɨɜɨɣ ɢɢ ɞɭɯɨɜ-
pɢɢ
ɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ~, Ⱦɨpɧɚɯ, 11-23. III. 1923
33. T. natroSvili, `movida idumal qarTlsa Sina~, `maSriyiT
maRribamde~, Tbilisi, 1991
Tavi III
Tanadrouli epoqis anarekli `vefxistyaosanSi~
1. mari brose, winasityvaoba vefxistyaosnis gamocemisaTvis,

sant peterburgi, 1841
1991, gv. 256
4. ix. SeniSvna 2, gv. 274-275
5. r. Staineri, `rogor miiRweva zena samyaroTa Semecneba?~
6. wm. episkoposi Teofane dayudebuli, `mamao Cveno~-s gan-
marteba wminda mamaTa mier, sityva marTlisa sarwmunoebisa,
wigni II, Tbilisi, 1991, gv. 451
1991, gv. 267
8. mociqul ioanes pirveli werili, 4, 8
9. i. abulaZe, `vefxistyaosnis leqsikoni,~ rusTvelologiuri
naSromebi, Tbilisi, 1967
- 485 -
10. n. maris da i. abulaZis ganmartebiT
13. z. gamsaxurdia, leqciebis cikli `vefxistyaosnis~ Sesaxeb,
Tbilisis saxelmwifi universiteti, 1989
14. frank taixmani, leqcia egvipturi kulturis Sesaxeb,
Tbilisi, 1996
15. `moqcevaY qarTlisaY“, Satberdis krebuli, Tbilisi, 1979, gv. 344
Tavi IV
`qarTlis moqcevis~ simboloTmetyveleba
1. ioane, 19, 23-24

2. `moqcevaY qarTlisaY“, Satberdis krebuli, Tbilisi, 1979, gv. 339
3. Ɋ. ɒɬɚɣɧɟp, Ʌɟɝɟɧɞɚ ɯpɚɦɚ ɢ ɡɨɥɨɬɚɹ ɥɟɝɟɧɞɚ, ɥɟɤɰɢɹ ɜ Ȼɟpɥɢɧɟ 23.
V.1904- 2. I. 1906
4. ix. SeniSvna 3
5. k. kekeliZis mixedviT
6. nikoloz I qarTlis kaTalikoz-patriarqis mier Sedgenili
`sakiTxavi
sakiTxavi suetis cxovelisa kuarTisa saufloisa da kaTo-
like eklesiisa~, tfilisi, 1908. gv. 50
7. netari avgustine, `WeSmariti sarwmuneobisTvis~, Tavi L, si-
tyva marTlisa sarwmunoebisa, t. IV, Tbilisi, 1992. gv. 44
8. ucnobi avtori, `moqcevaY qarTlisaY“, Satberdis krebuli,
Tbilisi, 1979, gv. 20, 355
9. ix. SeniSna 8, gv. 320
10. i. javaxiSvili, `moqcevaY qarTlisaYs matiane“, Txzulebani
Tormet tomad, t. VIII, gv. 115
11. meorisa sjulisaY, II, 9.
12. meorisa sjulisaY, VII, 1
13. ricxvTaY, XIII, 29
16. v. goilaZe, `qarTuli eklesiis saTaveebTan~, Tbilisi, 1991, gv. 71
17. gamoslvaTaY, XXXIV, 18
18. ricxvTaY, X, 11-12
20. iso navesi, I, 11
21. iso navesi, III, 5
- 486 -
23. SesaqmisaY, XXVIII, 11-12.
25. ricxvTaY, XXXIII, 52.
26. gamoslvaTaY, XXIV, 16
29. ricxvTaY, XIV, 31-34
30. k. kekeliZe, ètiudebi Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis istorii-
dan~, t. I. Tbilisi, 1945, gv. 75
31. gamocxadeba ioanesi, 2, 1-7
32. r. Staineri, ioanes apokalifsi, leqcia, q. niurnbergi, 1908
33. ucnobi avtori, `moqcevaY qarTlisaY~, Satberdis krebuli,
Tbilisi, 1979, gv. 321-322
38. arseni, `cxorebaY da moqalaqobaY da Ruawli wmidisa da
Rirsisa dedisa Cuenisa ninoisi, romelman qadaga qriste,
RmerTi Cueni, queyanasa Crdiloisasa da gananaTla naTesavi
qarTvelTaY~. Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis
Zeglebi. wigni III. Tbilisi, 1971, gv. 15
39. ioane, 19, 26-27
40. ix. SeniSvna 38
Tavi V
`qebaY da didebaY qarTulisa enisaY“ — mefeTa sia
1. T. Cxenkeli, `lazare, gamoved gare!~ `mSvenieri mZlevari~.

Tbilisi, 1989. gv. 270
2. z. gamsaxurdia, `qebaY da didebaY qarTulisa enisaY“. wer-
ilebi, eseebi. Tbilisi, 1991, gv. 4
3. ioane, 16, 7-11
4. ix. SeniSvna 2
5. luka, 10, 38-42
6. ioane, 19-27
7. romaelTa, 6, 3-5
8. ucnobi avtori, `moqcevaY qarTlisaY~. Satberdis krebuli,
- 487 -
9. ix. SeniSvna 8, gv. 320-321
10. p. ingoroyva, `Zveli qarTuli matiane `moqceva qarTlisa
da antikuri xanis iberiis mefeTa sia~, TxzulebaTa krebu-
li, t. IV
11. ix. SeniSvna 8, gv. 321-322
13. maTe, I, 17
14. ix. SeniSvna 13
15. maTe, I, 1-16
16. Sesaqme, 5, 1
19. wm. ioane damaskeli, `marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoebis zusti
gadmocema~, wigni meore, Tavi I, sityva marTlisa sarwmunoe-
bisa, t. III. Tbilisi, 1992, gv. 249
20. fsalmuni 89, muxli 4
21. r. Staineri, ioanes apokalifsi, leqcia, q. niurnbergi, 1908
22. mociqul ioanes gamocxadeba, 2, 18
23. mociqul ioanes gamocxadeba, 2, 26-29
25. p. ingoroyva, TxzulebaTa krebuli, t. IV, Tbilisi, 1978, gv. 319
26. iv. javaxiSvili, Zveli qarTuli saitorio mwerloba, Txzu-
lebani, VIII, Tbilisi, 1977, gv. 187
27. georgika, I, Tbilisi, 1961, gv. 271
28. T. yauxCiSvili, berZeni mwerlebis cnobebi saqarTvelos
Sesaxeb, V, gv. 70
29. leonti mroveli, `moqceva mirian mefisa da mis Tana yovlisa
qarTlisa wmidisa da netarisa dedisa Cuenisa nino mociquli-
sa mier~, qarTlis cxovreba, t. I. Tbilisi, 1955, gv. 127
30. leonti mroveli, (`cxovreba qarTvelTa mefeTa~), qarTlis
cxovreba, t. I. Tbilisi, 1955, gv. 20
31. ix. SeniSvna 30. gv. 10
qarTvelTaY~, Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis
Zeglebi, wigni III, Tbilisi, 1971, gv. 51
- 488 -
39. SesaqmisaY, XIV, 14
40. ucnobi avtori, `cxorebaY da moqalaqobaY Rirsisa da mo-
ciqulTa sworisa netarisa ninoisi~, Zveli qarTuli agi-
ografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, wigni III, Tbilisi, 1971,
gv. 78-79
Tavi VI
andria pirvelwodebuli
1. origeni, prokofi, evsevi, ipolite, doroTe tvireli episko-

posi, sofroni — e. nikolaZe, eklesiis istoria
2. mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe, `saqarTvelos samociqulo
eklesiis istoria,~ tomi pirveli, Tbilisi, 1996, gv. 47
3. plutarqosi, berZeni mwerlebi, IV
4. dionisos periegeti, berZeni mwerlebi, I
5. stefane bizantieli
7. r. Staineri, leqcia, 1909 w. 14.XI. GA117
8. ɋ. Ɉ. ɉpɨɤɨɮɶɟɜ, «Ⱦɭɯɨɜɧɵɟ ɫɭɞɶɛɵ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢ ɝpɹɞɭɳɢɟ ɦɢɫɬɟpɢɢ
ɋɜɹɬɨɝɨ Ƚpɚɚɥɹ», Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 1995, ɫɬ. 25-26
9. ezekieli, 39, 1-3
10. i. javaxiSvili, `Txzulebani Tormet tomad,~ tomi I, Tbili-
si, 1979, gv. 215
11. leonti mroveli, (`cxovreba qarTvelTa mefeTa~), qarTlis
cxovreba, Tbilisi, 1955. gv. 41
12. ioane, 1, 35-4
14. ioane, 6, 5-9
15. r. Staineri, leqcia, GA123. 10. X. 1901
16. ioane, 12, 20-24
17. wmida saxareba uflisa Cuenisa ieso qristesi, tfilisi, 1915
18. ioane, 1, 43-50
19. homerosi, òdisea~, Tbilisi, 1986, gv. 164
- 489 -
Tavi VII
arsukiZis sveticxovlis oqros gonio

2. georgika, `bizantieli mwerlebis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesa-
xeb~, Tbilisi, 1961, t. I
3. Ɋ. ɒɬɚɣɧɟp, Ʌɟɝɟɧɞɚ ɨ ɯpɚɦɟ ɢ ɡɨɥɨɬɚɹ ɥɟɝɟɧɞɚ, Ʌɟɤɰɢɣ ɜ Ȼɟpɥɢɧɟ, 23.
V. 1904 - 2. I. 1906 ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 1998
4. ix. SeniSvna 1, gv. 343, 344
5. meore neStTa, 2, 3
6. meore neStTa, 2, 11-14
8. netari avgustine, `WeSmariti sarwmunoebisTvis~, Tavi L, si-
tyva marTlisa sarwmunoebisa, t. IV, Tbilisi, 1991, gv. 44
9. SesaqmisaY, II, 8-9
10. SesaqmisaY, II, 16-17
11. SesaqmisaY, III, 22
12. ioane damaskeli, `marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoebis zusti
gadmocema~, wigni meore, Tavi XI, `sityva marTlisa sarwmu-
noebisa~, t. III, Tbilisi, 1991, gv. 283, 284
13. «ɇɚɫɬɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɧɢɝɚ ɫɜɹɳɟɧɨɫɥɭɠɢɬɟɥɹ», ɬɨɦ 4, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 1983
15. ȿɜɚɧɝɟɥɢɟ ɨɬ Ɏɨɦɵ, Ⱥɩɨɤpɢɮɵ ɞpɟɜɧɵɯ ɯpɢɫɬɢɚɧ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 1989, ɫɬ.251
Zeglebi, w. III, Tbilisi, 1971
17. romaelTa, 6, 5-6
18. ioane damaskeli, `marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoebis zusti
gadmocema~, ~, wigni meore,, Tavi XII.. `sityva
sityva marTlisa sarwmu-
noebisa~. t. III, Tbilisi, 1991. gv. 290
20. ix. SeniSvna 1, gv. 343, 344
21. ix. SeniSvna 1, gv. 343, 344
22. o. qvriviSvili, adamianiT gazomili samyaro, Tbilisi, 2001, gv. 79
23. ɂ.ɒ. ɒɟɜɟɥɟɜ, Ɇ.Ⱥ. Ɇɚpɭɬɚɟɜ, ɂ.ɉ. ɒɦɟɥɟɜ, «Ɂɨɥɨɬɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ»,
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 1990, ɫɬ. 26, 328
24. ɇ. ȼɚɫɸɬɢɧɫɤɢɣ, «Ɂɨɥɨɬɚɹ ɩpɨɩɨpɰɢɹ», Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 1990, ɫɬ. 33
- 490 -
Tavi VIII
wminda ninos sveticxoblis taZari
1. ȼɚɯɬɚɧɝ ɐɢɧɰɚɞɡɟ. ɋɜɟɬɢ-ɰɯɨɜɟɥɢ ɜɨ Ɇɰɯɟɬɚ, qarTuli xelovneba,

#9, Tbilisi, 1987
Zeglebi, wigni III, Tbilisi, 1971
6. ix. SeniSvna 2 XXX
9. kapila vatsiani, `fundamenturi koncefciebi, romlebic sa-
fuZvlad udevs indur arqiteqturas”
10. baCana bregvaZe, àntikuri civilizaciis gvirgvini~, `time-
osi~, Tbilisi, 1994, gv. 221
11. platoni, `timeosi~, Tbilisi, 1994, gv. 315
13. astronomiuli kalendari, XXX. saq. mec. akademia, Tbilisi,
1990
14. Ⱥ. ɘ. ɋɚɩɥɢɧ, «Ⱥɫɬpɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɜɚpɶ»,
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 1994
18. gamoslvaTaY, 26, 15-16
21. «ɇɚɫɬɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɧɢɝɚ ɫɜɹɳɟɧɨɫɥɭɠɢɬɟɥɹ», ɬɨɦ 4, I. ɉpɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɧɵɣ
ɯpɚɦ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 1983
22. mesame mefeTa, 6, 2-6
- 491 -
23. mesame mefeTa, 6, 6
Tavi IX
wminda ninos jvari
1. Ⱦɠɨɧ Ɏɨɥɢ, «ɗɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ», Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 1997

2. ix. SeniSvna 1
3. meliton kelenjeriZe, `saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso eklesiis
mokle istoria~, saRmrTo sjuli, sakiTxavi wigni, Tbilisi,
1993, gv. 270
4. ucnobi avtori, `moqcevaY qarTlisaY~, Satberdis krebuli,
5. ix. SeniSvna 4, gv. 322, 350
Zeglebi, w. III, Tbilisi, 1971
7. ucnobi avtori, `cxorebaY da moqalaqobaY Rirsisa da mo-
ciqulTa sworisa ninoisi~, Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli
literaturis Zeglebi, w. III, Tbilisi, 1971, gv. 56
8. ioane, 15, 1
9. ix. SeniSvna 1
10. rusTaveli, `vefxistyaosani~, 1988
11. revaz TvaraZe, `platoni qarTul naazrevSi~, `TxuTmetsau-
kunovani mTlianoba~, Tbilisi, 1985
12. platoni, `timeosi~, Tbilisi, 1994, gv. 313
14. baCana bregvaZe, àntikuri civilizaciis gvirgvini~, platoni,
`timeosi~, Tbilisi, 1994, gv. 10
17. astronomiuli kalendari, XXX, saq. mec. akademia, Tbilisi, 1990
18. ramaz patariZe, `qarTuli asomTavruli,~ Tbilisi, 1980
19. dekanozi nestor yubaneiSvili, `Zveli aRTqmis saRvTo is-
toria~, Tbilisi, 1990, gv. 43
22. sulxan-saba orbeliani, `leqsikoni qarTuli~, Tbilisi,
- 492 -
1993, gv. 87
23. fsalmuni, 79, 9-11
24. ezekieli, 17, 3-6
Tavi X
sveticxovlis misteriis sofiologiuri aspeqti
1. ɋ. Ɉ. ɉpɨɤɨɮɶɟɜ, «ɇɟɛɟɫɧɚɹ ɋɨɮɢɹ ɢ Ⱥɧɬpɩɨɫɨɮɢɹ», Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 1997, ɫɬ. 51

3. igavni solomonisa, 8, 20-30
4. sibrZne ziraqisa 1, 1-8
5. I korinTelTa, 1, 24
6. I korinTelTa, 1, 30
7. PG 3, 171 _ tomas Sipflingeris mixedviT, Ɍɨɦɚɫ ɒɢɩɮɥɢɧɝɟp,
“ɋɨɮɢɹ _ Ɇɚpɢɹ”, ɐɟɥɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɨɛpɚɡ ɬɜɨpɟɧɢɹ”, Ƚɧɨɡɢɫ ɉpɟɫɫ-
ɋɤɚpɛɟɢ, ɫɬ. 55
8. efeselTa, 3, 8-10
9. Ɍɨɦɚɫ ɒɢɩɮɥɢɧɝɟp, “ɋɨɮɢɹ _ Ɇɚpɢɹ”, ɐɟɥɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɨɛpɚɡ ɬɜɨpɟɧɢɹ”,
Ƚɧɨɡɢɫ ɉpɟɫɫ-ɋɤɚpɛɟɢ, ɫɬ. 96
11. igavni solomonisa, 9, 1
13. ɋ. Ɉ. ɉpɨɤɨɮɶɟɜ, «Ⱦɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɶ ɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɱɟɣ ɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɟ ɢɟpɚp-
ɯɢɢ», ȿpɟɜɚɧ, 1993, ɫɬ. 85
14. sibrZne solomonisa, 7, 26
15. igavni solomonisa, 8, 30-31
16. ix. SeniSvna 13
17. Ɋ. ɒɬɚɣɧɟp. Ʌɟɤɰɢɢ IV. 1912. «Ⱦɭɯɨɜɧɵɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɛɟɫɧɵɯ ɬɟ-
ɥɚɯ ɢ ɜ ɰɚpɫɬɜɚɯ ɩpɢpɨɞɵ». Ȼɢɛɥ. 136.
19. nikoloz I qarTlis kaTalikoz-patriarqi, `sakiTxavi suetis
cxovelisa kuarTisa saufloisa da kaTolike eklesiisa~,
tfilisi, 1908, gv. I
20. i. javaxiSvili, `nikoloz kaTalikozi~, t. VIII
- 493 -
27. ix. SeniSvna 19, gv. 14, 21
29. Ɋ. ɒɬɚɣɧɟp, «ɏpɢɫɬɨɫ ɢ Ⱦɭɯɨɜɧɵɣ ɦɢp», Ʌɟɣɩɰɢɝ, 28. XII. 1913-2. I, 1914
30. `moqcevaY qarTlisaY~, Satberdis krebuli, Tbilisi, 1979, gv. 350
32. gamocxadeba ioanesi, 12, 1
33. sibrZne solomonisa, 7, 29
ɋɜɹɬɨɝɨ Ƚpɚɚɥɹ», Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 1995, ɫɬ. 124
38. sibrZne ziraqisa 24, 3-17
39. sibrZne solomonisa 7, 17-21
41. sulxan-saba orbeliani, `leqsikoni qarTuli~, Tbilisi,
1993, gv. 87
44. k. kekeliZe, etiudebi, t. I. gv. 72
45. ezekieli, 17, 3-6
48. z. kiknaZe, `qarTuli miTologia~, quTaisi, 1996, gv. 42
49. vaJa-fSavela, Txz. t. IX, 1964
50. ix. SeniSvna 48
51. mTqmeli s. arabuli, s. bacaligos pirquSis xatis xuci, xev-
sureTi, Camweri v. bardaveliZe
52. v. bardaveliZe, t. II, xevsureTi
53. ix. SeniSvna 52
57. vaxtang Cologauri, fSavi, s. WiCo, xevisberi, Camweri
o. qvriviSvili, 1995
59. m. Ciqovani, kaxeTis 1961 wlis folkloruli eqspedicia,
qarTuli folklori, I-II, 1964
- 494 -
Tavi XI
`moqcevis~ varskvlavTmetyveleba da graalis misteria
ɋɜɹɬɨɝɨ Ƚpɚɚɥɹ», Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 1995, ɫɬ. 95
2. nikoloz I qarTlis kaTalikoz-patriarqi, `sakiTxavi suetis
cxovelisa kuarTisa saufloisa da kaTolike eklesiisa~,
tfilisi, 1908
3. Ɋ. Ɇɚɣɟɪ, ȼ ɩɪɨɧɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ-ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɞɟɫɶ... ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ Ƚɪɚɚɥɹ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ,
1997, ɫɬ. 294
4. `moqcevaY qarTlisaY~, Satberdis krebuli, Tbilisi, 1979,
gv. 355
5. Frank Teichmann, Der Gral im Osten, Motive aus der Geistesgeschichte
Armeniens und Georgiens, Verlag Freies Geistesleben
6. Ɋ. ɒɬɚɣɧɟp, «ɏpɢɫɬɨɫ ɢ Ⱦɭɯɨɜɧɵɣ ɦɢp», Ʌɟɣɩɰɢɝ, 28. XII. 1913-2. I. 1914
7. ix. SeniSvna 6
9. Ɍɨɥɤɨɜɚɹ ɛɢɛɥiɹ, ɬ. 3. ɇɨɜɵɣ ɡɚɜɶɬɴ, ɢɡɞɚɧiɟ ɩpɟɟɦɧɢɤɨɜɴ
Ⱥ.ɉ.Ʌɨɩɭɯɢɧɚ, ɉɟɬɟpɛɭpɝɴ, 1911-1913, ɫɬ. 43
10. ix. SeniSvna 9
11. k. kekeliZe, etiudebi, t. I, gv. 67, 83
13. v. xvitia, moxseneba miqaelis dRisadmi miZRvnil saRamoze,
29. IX. 1995
14. ɋ. Ɉ. ɉpɨɤɨɮɶɟɜ, «Ⱦɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɶ ɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɱɟɣ ɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɟ ɢɟpɚp-
ɯɢɢ», ȿpɟɜɚɧ, 1993, ɫɬ. 67
18. f. taixmani, `xe cxovrebisa da margaliti~, motivebi som-
xeTisa da saqarTvelos sulieri istoriidan, 1985
19. z. gamsaxurdia, `vefxistyaosnis saxismetyveleba~, Tbili-
si, 1991, gv. 228
23. giorgi merCule, `grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~, qarTuli
mwerloba, t. I, Tbilisi, 1987, gv. 630
25. ix. SeniSvna 13
- 495 -
26. ɋ. Ɉ. ɉpɨɤɨɮɶɟɜ, «ɇɟɛɟɫɧɚɹ ɋɨɮɢɹ ɢ Ⱥɧɬpɩɨɫɨɮɢɹ», Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 1997, ɫɬ. 277
27. r. Staineri, `qristian rozenkroici da buda~, `vardisa da
jvris saidumloeba~, Tbilisi, 1994. gv. 122
28. revaz TvaraZe, `kvlav sibrZne balahvarisi~, Txutmetsauku-
novani mTlianoba, Tbilisi, 1985. gv. 206
29. Ȼɟpɧɚpɞ Ʌɢɜɟɯɭɞ, «Ɉ ɫɩɚɫɟɧɢɢ ɞɭɲɢ», Ʉɚɥɭɝɚ, 1996, ɫɬ. 20
30. r. frilingis miTiTebiT, Henri Corben, Histoire de la philosophie
islamiqua, Paris, 1964, p. 72
31. Ɋɭɞɨɥɶɮ Ɏpɢɥɢɧɝ, «ɏpɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɢɫɥɚɦ», Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 1997, ɫɬ. 127
Tavi XII
saqarTvelos momavali misia
1. m. kostava, `fiqrebi saqarTvelos misiaze~, Tbilisi, 1991, gv. 15

2. ioane, 1, 29
3. ioane, 1, 35-36
4. ioane, 1, 43
5. ioane, 2, 1-2
6. ɋ.Ɉ.ɉpɨɤɨɮɶɟɜ, “Ⱦɭɯɨɜɧɵɟ ɫɭɞɶɛɵ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢ ɝpɹɞɭɳɢɟ ɦɢɫɬɟpɢɢ
ɋɜɹɬɨɝɨ Ƚpɚɚɥɹ”, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 1995, ɫɬ. 125
7. `moqcevaY qarTlisaY~, Satberdis krebuli, Tbilisi, 1979. gv. 332
9. ɋ. Ɉ. ɉpɨɤɨɮɶɟɜ, «ɇɟɛɟɫɧɚɹ ɋɨɮɢɹ ɢ Ⱥɧɬpɩɨɫɨɮɢɹ», Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 1997,
ɫɬ. 267
- 496 -

ოთარ ქვრივიშვილი - სვეტიცხოვლის მისტერია

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

ოთარ ქვრივიშვილი - სვეტიცხოვლის მისტერია

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

oTar qvriviSvili

redaqtori: ivane SatberaSvili

koreqtori: nana qvaCaxia

dakabadoneba: giorgi bagrationi

meore gadamuSavebuli gamocema

© oTar qvriviSvili, 2010

gamomcemloba `nekeri~, 2010

SeniSvnebi ................................................................................ 483

winamdebare naSromSi mocemuli gamokvlevebi gaerTianebu-

argonavtebis kolxeTSi mogzaurobis Tema berZnul weri-

faqtobrivad, qviSaSi areklili sulieri Zalebi, romelTa

wminda giorgis misteriuli arqetipi da

§ 1. wminda giorgis kulti

`mze veSapsa daebnela, zeda radmca gagviTenda.~

mTvare — Tovare — Toval

qarTul eTnografiul wyaroebSi da, saerTod, qarTul

rogorc vxedavT, wminda giorgi qajaveTSi laSqrobis mTa-

`iq daeWira giorgis

amis Semdeg xaxmatSi daarsebul iqna wminda giorgisa da

§ 2. miqaeluri memkvidreoba qarTul kulturaSi

rogorc aRiniSna, saqarTvelos sulier cxovrebaSi naT-

qebaY sadgeris wmida giorgisa

yoveli sjuli aq movlen sparsTa da arabebisa,

rogorc vxedavT, am fragmentSi wminga giorgi warmod-

Tanadrouli epoqis anarekli

§ 1. epoqis sulieri problemebis asaxva

garda imisa, rom rusTvelis `vefxistyaosani~ udidesi

`hgvanda qvesknels CaZromilsa anu zecad anafrensa;

ramdenadac rostevanis azrovnebiTi SesaZleblobebi sxe-

`moasxnes kacni, gagzavnnes oTxTave cisa kideTa.~

ese igi, Zieba mTel xmeleTze, cis kideebamde warmoebda.

`monaTa hkadres: `mefeo, Cven xmelni moviareniT,

avTandilis gagzavnisas TinaTini SesamCnevad cvlis aqcen-

`Sen genukev monaxvasa, kidiT kide molaxo ca.~

amave dros iqve, TiTqosda moulodnelad, ucxo moymis mo-

`Sengan Cemi siyvaruli amiT ufro gaamyare,

es Sedareba uaRresad zustia, radgan, rogorc aRvniSneT,

§ 2. tarielis iniciaciis problema `vefxistyaosanSi~

poemis kvlevam naTlad warmoaCina, rom mTeli poema gaaz-

`dResa erTsa me da mefe movidodiT, gvenadira;

rogorc vxedavT, pirvelsave strofSi mocemulia ori

`gamovuxven da wavediT Cemad sadeblad alisa;

rogorc vxedavT, aRniSnuli Tavis pirvel or strofSive

`baRCa vnaxe uturfesi yovlisave salxinosa;

am strofis Sesaxeb marTebuladaa aRniSnuli, rom `nestan-

`vicodi, swadda arvisgan naxva mis mzisa darisa,

farsadani edemis karTan tovebs am nabijisaTvis moumzade-

`me gare vdeg da mefeman Sevlo fardagi karisa;

diax, swored sulieri samyaros smena warmoadgens ini-

`asmaT fardagsa azidna, gare vdeg mofardagulsa;

movida, mivscne durajni, mTxova cecxliTa dagulsa.

tarielis winaSe swored WeSmariti saxiT warmodga sulieri

`daveci, davbndi, wamixda Zali mxarTa da mklavisa.~

amiT Cven mivadeqiT iniciaciis im sakvanZo sakiTxs,

`sam dRemdis viyav usulod, cecxli uSretni mwvidian.~

rogorc vxedavT, fardis gadaxsnas bnedis garda uSreti

`aqimnica ikvirvebdnen: `ese seni ragvaria?

Tavad am bnediT mdgomareobaSi Sesvlis procesis gadmo-

`daveci, davbndi, wamixda Zali mxarTa da mklavisa,

`samsa dResa darbazs viyav ar cocxali, arca mkvdari;

rogorc vxedavT, samdRiani sikvdilidan tarieli axlad

`mindobni sawuTrosani misTa nivTTagan rCebian,

rogorc vxedavT, am xilvisas tarielis erT-erTi umTavre-

`samsa dResa darbazs viyav ar cocxali, arca mkvdari;