Module 4

Group Leadership Skills

At the end of the course, the students should be able to identify their role in nation building in
response to the need for community change.

1. Identify the different style in leadership skills.

2. Give the good characteristics of having a good leadership skills.
3. Value the importance of possessing a good skills of a group leader.
5. Explain the value of a good group leader.

Overview of group-leadership skills:

1. Active listening is attending to verbal and non-verbal aspects of communication without judging or
evaluating. This is to encourage trust and client self-disclosure and exploration.

2. Restating is the paraphrasing what a participant has said, to clarify its meaning. It is to determine if
the leader has understood correctly the client’s statement; to provide support and clarification.

3. Clarifying is the grasping of a message at both the feeling and the thinking levels; simplifying client
statements by focusing on the core of the message. This is to help clients sort out conflicting and
confused feelings and thoughts; to arrive at a meaningful understanding of what is being
communicated.

4. Summarizing is the pulling together of the important elements of an interaction or session. This is
to avoid fragmentation and give direction to a session; to provide for continuity and meaning.
5. Questioning is asking open-minded questions that lead to self-exploration of the “what” and “how”
of behavior. This is to elicit further discussion; to get information; to stimulate thinking; to increase
clarity and focus, to provide for further self-exploration.

6. Interpreting is the offering of possible explanations for certain thoughts, feelings and behaviors.
This is to encourage deeper self-exploration; to provide a new perspective for considering and
understanding one’s behavior.

7. Confronting is challenging members to look at discrepancies between their words and actions or
their bodily and verbal messages; pointing to conflicting information or messages. This is to
encourage honest self-investigation; to promote full use of potentials; to bring about awareness of
self-contradictions.

8. Reflecting feelings is communicating understanding of the content of feelings. This is to let

members know that they are being heard and understood beyond the level of words

9. Supporting is providing encouragement and reinforcement. This is to create an atmosphere that

encourages members to continue desired behaviors; to provide help when clients are facing difficult
struggles; to create trust.

10. Empathizing is identifying with clients by assuming their frames of reference. This is to foster in the
therapeutic relationship; to communicate understanding; to encourage deeper levels of self-
exploration.

11. Facilitating is opening up clear and direct communication within the group; helping members
assume increasing responsibility for the group’s direction. This is to promote communication among
members; to help members reach their own goals in the group.

12. Initiating is promoting participation and introducing new directions in the group. This is to prevent
needless group floundering; to increase the pace of group process.

13. Setting goals is planning specific goals for the group process and helping participants define
concrete and meaningful goals. This is to give direction to the group’s activities; to help members
select and clarify their goals.

14. Evaluating is appraising the ongoing group process and the individual and group dynamics. This is to
promote better self-awareness and understanding of group movement and direction.

15. Giving feedback is expressing concrete and honest reactions based on observation of members’
behaviors. This is to offer an external view how the person appears to others; to increase the
clients’ self-awareness.

16. Suggesting is offering advice and information, direction and ideas for new behavior. This is to help
members develop alternative courses of thinking and action.
17. Protecting is safeguarding members from unnecessary psychological risks in the group. This is to
warn members of possible risks in group participation; to reduce these risks.

18. Disclosing oneself is revealing reactions to here-and-now events in the group. This is to facilitate
deeper levels of group interaction; to create trusts; to model ways of reveling oneself to others

19. Modeling is demonstrating desired behavior through actions. This is to provide examples of
desirable behavior; to inspire members to fully develop their potential.

20. Linking is connecting the work that members do to common themes in the group. This is to
promote member-to-member interactions; to encourage the development of cohesion.

21. Blocking is intervening to stop counterproductive group behavior. This is to protect members; to
enhance the flow of group processes.

22. Terminating is preparing the group to close a session or end it existence. This is to help members
assimilate, integrate and apply in group learning to every life.

(Source: Edwin Nolan, Leadership Interventions for Promoting Personal Mastery, Journal for Specialists
in Group Work, 1978)

Read the story about friendship:

Friendship Rainbow

Once upon a time the colors of the world started to quarrel. All claimed that they were the best. The
most important. The most useful. The favorite.
Green said:
"Clearly I am the most important. I am the sign of life and of hope. I was chosen for grass, trees and
leaves. Without me, all animals would die. Look over the countryside and you will see that I am in
Majority."

Blue interrupted:
"You only think about the earth, but consider the sky and the sea. It is the water that is the basis of life
and drawn up by the clouds from the deep sea. The sky gives space and peace and serenity. Without my
peace, you would all be nothing."

Yellow chuckled:
"You are all so serious. I bring laughter, gaiety, and warmth into the world. The sun is yellow, the moon
is yellow, and the stars are yellow. Every time you look at sunflower, the whole world starts to smile.
Without me there would be no fun."

Orange started next to blow her trumpet:

"I am the color of health and strength. I may be scarce, but I am precious for I serve the needs of human
life. I carry the most important vitamins. Think of carrots, pumpkins, oranges, mangoes, and papayas. I
don't hang around all the times, but when I fill the sky at sunrise or sunset, my beauty is so striking that
no one gives another thought to any of you."

Red could stand no longer he shouted out:

"I am the ruler of all of you. I am blood - life's blood! I am the color of danger and of bravery. I am
willing to fight for a cause. I bring fire into the blood. Without me, the earth would be as empty as the
moon. I am the color of passion and of love, the red rose, the poinsettia and the poppy."

Purple rose up to his full height. He was very tall and spoke with great pomp:
"I am the color of royalty and power. Kings, chiefs, and bishops have always chosen me for I am the sign
of authority and wisdom. People do not question me. They listen and obey."

Finally Indigo spoke, much more quietly than all the others, but with just and as much determination:
"Think of me. I am the color of silence. You hardly notice me, but without me you all become superficial.
I represent thought and reflection, twilight and deep water. You need me for balance and contrast, for
prayer and inner peace."

And so the colors went on boasting, each convinced for his or her own superiority. Their quarreling
became louder and louder. Suddenly there was a startling flash of bright lightning, thunder rolled and
boomed. Rain started to pour down relentlessly. The colors crouched down in fear, drawing to close to
one another for comfort.
In the midst of the clamor, Rain began to speak:
"You foolish colors, fighting amongst yourselves, each trying to dominate the rest. Don't you know that
you were each made for a special purpose, unique and different? Join hands with one another and come
to me."

Doing as they were told, the colors united and join hands.

The rain continued:

"From now on, when it rains, each of you will stretch across the sky in a great bow of color as a reminder
that you can all live in peace. The Rainbow is a sign of hope for tomorrow."

And so whenever a good rain washes the world, and a rainbow appears in the sky, let us remember to
appreciate one another.

Friendship is like a rainbow:

Red like an apple, sweet to the core.
Orange like a burning flame, never dying out.
Yellow like the sun that brightens your day.
Green like a plant that keeps on growing.
Blue like the water that is so pure.
Purple like a flower that is ready to bloom.
Indigo like the dreams that fill your heart.

Thank you for our friendship!

Team Work

Team is defined as a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a
common purpose, performance goals and approach for which they hold themselves mutually
accountable.

Teamwork is the cooperative or coordinated effort by a group of persons acting together for the
purpose of achieving a common interest.

In working as a team every individual effort counts. Each individual action will inevitably have an impact
and influence on the rest of the members of the group and to the whole group in general. But things are
done easily if the members will be able to appreciate and develop the principles needed in order to
work together. Problems and disagreements can be resolved easily. A task can be accomplished with
ease if we know how to work as a team.

SO IN ORDER FOR THE TEAM WORKS, YOU YOURSELF SHOULD MAKE AN EFFORT. AND ALWAYS LISTEN
TO EACH OTHER.

Here are some of the most important elements in working in teams:

1. Positive Interdependence
 Members are all linked to one another. The success of one is the success of all. Work of one
benefits the work of all. We sink or swim together. Each person is responsible for each other to offer
support, encouragement and assistance. We become successful because of us. Shared Identity binds
people together. We need to celebrate together and waste time with one another.

SO AS A TEAM YOU SHOULD MOTIVATE EACH OTHER, BECAUSE IF THERE IS ONE MEMBER OF THE
GROUP WHO THINKS NEGATIVELY THERE IS A POSIBILITY THAT ALL OF YOU WILL DO THE SAME.

2. Individual Accountability

Each member should know what is expected of him/her. The parameters of work and tasks will
define the scope of our accountability.

YOU SHOULD KNOW WHAT THEY WERE EXPECTING FROM YOU. SO YOU SHOULD KNOW WHAT IS YOUR
ROLE IN THAT GROUP.

3. Face to face Interaction

We should be able to face each other in equal basis.

4. Collaborative Skills

This means working with each other because without it the team cannot work together.
Relationship skills are very vital. If we lack them we can learn them.

Collaborative skills are  behaviors that help people work together efficiently, such as committing to
collaboration, expressing opinions and emotions appropriately, and negotiating to come to an
agreement
5. Group Processing

When we evaluate we ask questions on how well we are achieving our goals and our
relationships. This facilitates the learning of the social skills we require to be an effective person.

Group processing may be defined as  a review of a group session  to describe the member actions that
were helpful and unhelpful and to decide what actions to continue or change.

AND HERE’S MISS REGINE TANGIL

6. Look at Problem Behaviors

We need to be honest with our mixed motives in our being in the team. We should always be
aware of them. We need to make sure that the personal motives should not get over with the motives
of the team. Watch out for destructive behaviors.

7. Group Cohesion

As a whole the group hangs along well. The feeling of positive emotional cohesion in being with
a group. That is being happy together and with each other. The ability of the members to be much
more productive and successful in the presence of one another as time goes by. When one member
leaves it will be a disruption but the team moves on. The people in the team are secure.

8. Continually Developing Trust

 High level of trust among members is required for effective communication. Openness to
express thoughts, feelings and information. Trust leads to sharing of resources and each other gifts,
talents and accomplishments. Letting people know that you believe in their capabilities.

How can we create an effective team? We can create an effective team

through:

1. Mutual Trust
It is established in a team when every member feels free to express his opinion, says how he
feels about issues and asks questions which may concern retaliation, ridicule, or negative consequence.

2. Mutual Support
It results from group members having genuine concern for each other’s job welfare, growth and
personal success. If mutual support is established in a team, a member need not waste time and energy
protecting himself or his function from anyone else.

3. Genuine Communication
Communication has two dimensions: the quality and openness and authenticity of the member
who is speaking, and the quality of non-evaluative listening by the others.

4. Accepting Conflicts as Normal and Working them through

A good leader accepts conflict as normal, natural and as an asset, since it is from conflict that
most growth and innovation are derived. It is also worth noting that conflict resolution is a group
process.

5. Mutual Respect for Individual Differences

There are decisions which, in a goal-oriented team, must be team decisions because they
require the commitment of most or all of the resources of the team and can’t be implemented without
this commitment. But a good team will not demand unnecessary conformity of its members.

Application

Submit your answers by clicking this link: https://forms.gle/81Nmp1byReoidCow8

Direction: Choose the letter of your best answer.

1. Is attending to verbal and non-verbal aspects of communication without judging or evaluating.

a. active listening c. clarifying
b. restating d. summarizing
2. Is the paraphrasing what a participant said to clarify its meaning.
 a. active listening c. clarifying
b. restating d. summarizing
3. Is the grasping of a message at both the feeling and the thinking levels?
a. active listening c. clarifying
b. restating d. summarizing
4. Is the pulling together of the important elements of an interaction or session?
a. active listening c. clarifying
b. restating d. summarizing
5. Is the asking open-minded questions that lead to self-exploration of the “what” and “how” of
behavior?
a. reflecting c. interpreting
b. confronting d. questioning
6. Is defined as a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a
common purpose, performance goals and approach which they hold themselves mutually
accountable.
a. teamwork c. group mate
b. team d. teammate
7. Is the cooperative or coordinated effort by a group of persons acting together for the purpose of
achieving a common interest?
a. teamwork c. group mate
b. team d. teammate
8. Members are linked to one another.
a. individual accountability c. positive interdependence
b. collaborative skills d. face to face interaction
9. This means working with each other because without it the team cannot work together.
a. individual accountability c. positive interdependence
b. collaborative skills d. face to face interaction
10. We should be able to face each other in equal basis.
a. individual accountability c. positive interdependence
b. collaborative skills d. face to face interaction
1. It results from group members having genuine concern for each other’s job welfare, growth and
personal success.
a.mutual support b. mutual trust c. genuine communication
2. It is established in a team when every member feels free to express his opinion.
a.mutual support b. mutual trust c. genuine communication
13. Is providing encouragement and reinforcement.
a. reflecting feeling c. empathizing
b. supporting d. facilitating
1. Is communicating understanding of the content of feelings.
a. reflecting feeling c. empathizing
b. supporting d. facilitating
2. Identifying with clients by assuming their frames of reference.
 a. reflecting feeling c. empathizing
b. supporting d. facilitating

References
Andres, Tomas Quintin D. Community Development: A Manual, Quezon City: New day
Publishers, 1988.

Andres, T.Q.D. Risk Management and Disaster Control. Quezon City: Giraffe Books, 1999.

Boer, E., Jaspess H. and Prickaets G. We did not learn Human Rights from the Books; The
Philippines and Human Rights in the Period of 1986 to 1996, Quezon City: Claretian Publications, 1996.

Castillon–Boiser, D. Strategies for Teaching; A Modular Approach, Manila: Rex Bookstore Store,
2000.

Claude, R.P. Education for Human Rights: The Philippines and Beyond, Quezon City: University of
the Philippines Press, 1996.

Constantino, R. The Filipinos in the Philippines and other Essays.Manila: Malaya Books, 1996.

De Leon, Hector. Philippine Constitution, 2002 ed., Quezon City: Rex Printing Company, Inc., 2002.

Espiritu S.C., Lejano R.P., Peralta A.R., Ronquillo A.A., and Salcedo L.L. Social Issues. Quezon City:
Katha Publishing Co. Inc, 1999.

Feliciano, E. M. Filipino Values and Our Christian Faith. Mandaluyong, Philippines: OMF
Literature Inc, 1990.

Fernando, Maxi P., C.Ss.R. Understanding Community from a Sociological Perspective: Making a
Community Profile.

Gonzales, Vivian A. Values Integration and Promotion: A Civic Welfare Service, Los Banos,
Laguna: SIKAP/STRIVE, Inc., 1997.

Gorospe V.R. (2000). Forming the Filpino Social Conscience: Social Theology from a Filipino
Christian Perspective. Makati City: Bookmark.
 Homan, Mark S. Promoting Community Change: Making It Happen in the Real World, 2nd ed.,
California: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, 1999.

International Commission on J.P.I.C. Manual for Promoters of Justices and Peace, and Integrity
of Creation.Quezon City: Claretian Publications, 1998.

Jarapa S.Q., Perez R.P., and Segarra T.S. Current Social Issues. Manila: Rex Bookstore, 1997.

Northouse, Peter G. Leadership Theory and Practice, London: Sage, 2001.

Norman, Lawrence P. ASI CD Monograph, Series 1-5, Manila: Asian Social Institute, 1998.

Pasimio, Renato. The Philippine Constitution, Quezon City: Kalayaan Press Maktg., Ent., Inc., 2000.

Reilly, O.P., Sr. Mary of the Cross. A Short Life of St. Dominic, Philippines: Red Silk Printers, 2004.

Schein, Edgar H. Organizational Culture and Leadership, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1992.

Servaez, Jan and Co. Participatory Communication for Social Change, New Delhi: Sage
Publications India Put Ltd., 1996.

Trinidad C. Cuyegkeng, Ed.D. Rurban Community Development: A UNICORP Outreach Program,

Manila: Philippine Women's University, 1985.

___________. Community Development: A Manual. Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1998.

___________. Teacher’s Guide to Forming the Filipino Social Conscience: Social Theology from a
Filipino Christian Perspective.Makati City: Book Mark, 1998.

Team Work
Team is defined as a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a
common purpose, performance goals and approach for which they hold themselves mutually
accountable.

Teamwork is the cooperative or coordinated effort by a group of persons acting together for the
purpose of achieving a common interest.

In working as a team every individual effort counts. Each individual action will inevitably have an impact
and influence on the rest of the members of the group and to the whole group in general. But things are
done easily if the members will be able to appreciate and develop the principles needed in order to
work together. Problems and disagreements can be resolved easily. A task can be accomplished with
ease if we know how to work as a team.
SO IN ORDER FOR THE TEAM WORKS, YOU YOURSELF SHOULD MAKE AN EFFORT. AND ALWAYS LISTEN
TO EACH OTHER.

Here are some of the most important elements in working in teams:

1.Positive Interdependence
Members are all linked to one another. The success of one is the success of all. Work of one benefits the
work of all. We sink or swim together. Each person is responsible for each other to offer support,
encouragement and assistance. We become successful because of us. Shared Identity binds people
together. We need to celebrate together and waste time with one another.

SO AS A TEAM YOU SHOULD MOTIVATE EACH OTHER, BECAUSE IF THERE IS ONE MEMBER OF THE
GROUP WHO THINKS NEGATIVELY THERE IS A POSIBILITY THAT ALL OF YOU WILL DO THE SAME.

2. Individual Accountability
Each member should know what is expected of him/her. The parameters of work and tasks will define
the scope of our accountability.

YOU SHOULD KNOW WHAT THEY WERE EXPECTING FROM YOU. SO YOU SHOULD KNOW WHAT IS YOUR
ROLE IN THAT GROUP.

3. Face to face Interaction

We should be able to face each other in equal basis.

4. Collaborative Skills
This means working with each other because without it the team cannot work together. Relationship
skills are very vital. If we lack them we can learn them.

Collaborative skills are  behaviors that help people work together efficiently, such as committing to
collaboration, expressing opinions and emotions appropriately, and negotiating to come to an
agreement.

5. Group Processing
When we evaluate we ask questions on how well we are achieving our goals and our relationships. This
facilitates the learning of the social skills we require to be an effective person.

Group processing may be defined as  a review of a group session  to describe the member actions that
were helpful and unhelpful and to decide what actions to continue or change.
HI MY NAME IS MA. KRISTINE M. CABYAO 17 YEARS OLD CURRENTLY TAKING UP BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING SECTION 1B. SO HERE’S WHAT I DID FOR MY VOLUNTARISM