General

Mathematics
| Week 15 | 2nd Quarter |
| A.Y. 2021 - 2022 |
Prayer
I will continue
O My God
To do all my actions
For the love of You

St. John Baptist De La Salle. Pray for us.

Live Jesus in Our Hearts. Forever.
 01
Operations on Propositions
Choose the emoji ♥

“either... or...”

^ →
~
v ↔
Choose the emoji ♥

“not”

^ →
~
v ↔
Choose the emoji ♥

“if-then”

^ →
~
v ↔
Choose the emoji ♥

“if and only if”

^ →
~
v ↔
Choose the emoji ♥

“and”

^ →
~
v ↔
 Operations on Propositions
LOGICAL CONNECTIVE SYMBOL

not, it is not the case that ~

and, also, ^

either-or, v

if-then →

if and only if ↔
 02
Truth Tables
DEFINITION
A truth table depicts the relationship
between the truth values of statements.

A truth value expresses that a proposition

is true (T) if it is a true proposition and false
(F) if it is a false proposition.
 What can I do if I
want to find out how
many rows I need in
a table?

2 n
 • NEGATION (~ , ¬) •
The negation of a statement is the opposite of the
given mathematical statement.

p: A spider has eight legs.

~p: A spider DOES NOT HAVE eight legs.

p ~p
T F
 • NEGATION (~ , ¬) •
The negation of a statement is the opposite of the
given mathematical statement.

j: Red and blue do not make purple.

~j: Red and blue MAKE purple.

j ~j
F T
 • NEGATION •
The negation of a statement is the opposite of the
given mathematical statement.

p ~p

T F

F T
 • CONJUNCTION (^) •
When two statements are combined with an 'and,' you have
a conjunction. For conjunctions, both statements must be
true for the compound statement to be true.

a: Ms. Izzy is very pretty.

b: Ms. Izzy is very tall.

a ^ b: Ms. Izzy is very pretty and tall.

a b a^b
T T T
 • CONJUNCTION (^) •
When two statements are combined with an 'and,' you have
a conjunction. For conjunctions, both statements must be
true for the compound statement to be true.

a: Ms. Izzy is very pretty.

b: Ms. Izzy is very tall.

a ^ b: Ms. Izzy is very pretty and short.

a b a^b
T F F
 • CONJUNCTION (^) •
When two statements are combined with an 'and,' you have
a conjunction. For conjunctions, both statements must be
true for the compound statement to be true.

a b a^b

T T T

T F F

F T F

F F F
 • DISJUNCTION (v) •
A disjunction is when two statements are connected with an
'or.' The combined compound statement in this case can be
labeled as true when just one of the statements is true.

r: Vi is a good fighter.
j: Powder’s big sister is Vi.

r v j: Vi is a good fighter or Powder’s big sister is Vi.

r j rvj
T T T
 • DISJUNCTION (v) •
A disjunction is when two statements are connected with an
'or.' The combined compound statement in this case can be
labeled as true when just one of the statements is true.

r: Vi is a good fighter.
j: Powder’s big sister is Vi.

r v j: Vi is a horrible fighter or Powder’s big sister is Vi.

r j rvj
F T T
 • DISJUNCTION (v) •
A disjunction is when two statements are connected with an
'or.' The combined compound statement in this case can be
labeled as true when just one of the statements is true.

r j rvj

T T T
T F T
F T T

F F F
 t^c
t c t^c

T F F

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 kz v y
z y t^y

F T T

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 • CONDITIONAL (→) •
A conditional statement is an if-then statement in which p is a
hypothesis and q is a conclusion. The conditional is defined to be
true unless a true hypothesis leads to a false conclusion.

t: It is sunny.
d: Daisy is riding her bike.

t → d: If it is sunny, then Daisy is riding her bike.

t d t→d
T T T
 • CONDITIONAL (→) •
A conditional statement is an if-then statement in which p is a
hypothesis and q is a conclusion. The conditional is defined to be
true unless a true hypothesis leads to a false conclusion.

t: It is sunny.
d: Daisy is riding her bike.

t → d: If it is sunny, then Daisy is not riding her bike.

t d t→d
T F F
 • CONDITIONAL (→) •
A conditional statement is an if-then statement in which p is a
hypothesis and q is a conclusion. The conditional is defined to be
true unless a true hypothesis leads to a false conclusion.

t: It is sunny.
d: Daisy is riding her bike.

t → d: If it is drizzling, then Daisy is riding her bike.

t d t→d
F T T
 • CONDITIONAL (→) •
A conditional statement is an if-then statement in which p is a
hypothesis and q is a conclusion. The conditional is defined to be
true unless a true hypothesis leads to a false conclusion.

t: It is sunny.
d: Daisy is riding her bike.

t → d: If it is drizzling, then Daisy is not riding her bike.

t d t→d
F F T
 • CONDITIONAL (→) •
A conditional statement is an if-then statement in which p is a
hypothesis and q is a conclusion. The conditional is defined to be
true unless a true hypothesis leads to a false conclusion.

t d t→d

T T T

T F F

F T T

F F T
 • BI-CONDITIONAL (↔) •
A biconditional is true if and only if both p and q have
the same truth values.

x: BTS was crowned Artist of Year.

y: BTS is a hardworking group.

x ↔ y: BTS was crowned Artist of Year if and only if they

are a hardworking group.

x y x↔y
T T T
 • BI-CONDITIONAL (↔) •
A biconditional is true if and only if both p and q have
the same truth values.

x: BTS was crowned Artist of Year.

y: BTS is a hardworking group.

x ↔ y: BTS was crowned Artist of Year if and only if BTS is

a lazy group.

x y x↔y
T F F
 • BI-CONDITIONAL (↔) •
A biconditional is true if and only if both p and q have
the same truth values.

x y x↔y

T T T

T F F

F T F

F F T
 b→p
b p b→p

F F T

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 s↔d
s d s↔d

T F F

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 cvn
c n cvn

T T T

T F T

F T T

F F F
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 ~ (c v n)
c b cvn ~ (c v n)

T T T F

T F T F

F T T F

F F F T
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 f ↔ (~b)
f b ~b f ↔ (~b)

T T F F

T F T T

F T F T

F F T F
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Contingency
 ~p v p
p ~p ~p v p

T F T

F T T

Tautology
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 ~p ^ p
p ~p ~p ^ p

T F F

F T F

Contradiction
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tnx for the memories

PADAYON, LASALLIANS! ♥
Ms. Izzy & BCAB5A - 2021