MATH141 Project Template

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MATH141 – Project

[Your Name]

Henry Ford College

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Introduction

This project finds out whether there is a significant difference in salaries between

American league and National league players. To achieve this objective, this project

uses Baseball-2005 dataset that includes all summary measures of teams from major

leagues in 2005 season. The dataset is available in myStatLab website.

Part I – Graphing and Descriptive Statistics

Frequency table/distribution of salary-mil for all the major league teams.
Salary -mil Frequency
20 to 30 1
30 to 40 3
40 to 50 4
50 to 60 3
60 to 70 5
70 to 80 3
80 to 90 4
90 to 100 4
100 to 110 1
120 to 130 1
200 to 210 1

Histogram of salary-mil for all the major league teams

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Five number summary and descriptive statistics (mean, median, std deviation) for all
major league teams.
Column Mean Std. Median Min Max Q1 Q3
dev.
Salary - 73.06 34.233 66.2 29.7 208.3 48.6 87.8
mil

Part II - Probabilities
Calculate the sample mean and std deviation of salary-mil for American League.

Assuming that the values are normally distributed then…

League n Mean Std. dev.

National League 16 70.9437520.667848

American league1475.47857145.929548

<a> calculate the probability that an American League team randomly selected

would have a salary-mil greater than $85M

[0.4178858]

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<b> calculate the probability that an American League team randomly selected

would have a salary-mil less than $65M

[ 0.40976698 ]

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Calculate the sample mean and std deviation of salary-mil for National League.

Assuming that the values are normally distributed then…

<a> calculate the probability that an National League team randomly selected

would have a salary-mil greater than $80M

[0.33062769]

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<b> calculate the probability that an National League team randomly selected
would have a salary-mil less than $60M
[ 0.29822723 ]

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Part III – Confidence Intervals
Calculate a 95% confidence interval for American League salary-mil
[60.816691, 81.070809]
Output
One sample Z summary confidence interval:
μ : Mean of population
Standard deviation = 20.667848

95% confidence interval results:

Mean n Sample Mean Std. Err. L. Limit U. Limit

μ 16 70.943755.16696260.81669181.070809

Calculate a 95% confidence interval for National League salary-mil

[ 51.419645, 99.537497 ]

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Output
One sample Z summary confidence interval:
μ : Mean of population
Standard deviation = 45.929548

95% confidence interval results:

Mean n Sample Mean Std. Err. L. Limit U. Limit

μ 14 75.47857112.27518851.41964599.537497

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Part IV – Hypothesis Tests
One Sample Tests
Collect a sample of 6 teams; 3 American League and 3 National League
Team Sample(Salary -mil)
New York Yankees 208.3
Arizona 62.3
Baltimore 73.9
Pittsburgh 38.1
Washington 48.6
Detroit 61.9
Calculate the mean and std deviation of this sample of 6 teams
[ Mean=82.18333 and std. deviation=63.01106 ]
Column n Mean Variance Std. dev.
Sample(Salary -mil) 6 82.183333 3970.3937 63.01106

Conduct one sample hypothesis test comparing sample mean versus the population

parameters collected in Part I; test at level of significance of 0.05

H0: sample mean of 6 teams = population mean of all teams

H1: sample mean of 6 teams ≠ population mean of all teams

T-statistic =0.355, p-value=0.7373, we reject null hypothesis because p-value is greater

than 0.05 , and conclude that there is no sufficient evident to reject the claim that the

mean of six samples is equal to the population mean of salary.

Output
One sample T hypothesis test:
μ : Mean of variable
H0 : μ = 73.06
HA : μ ≠ 73.06

Hypothesis test results:

Variable Sample Mean Std. Err. DF T-Stat P-value

Sample(Salary -mil) 82.18333325.724157 5 0.3546601 0.7373

4

Two Sample Tests

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Conduct two sample hypothesis test comparing sample means from the American

League and National League; test at level of significance of 0.05

H0: meanAL = meanNL

H1: meanAL ≠ meanNL

T-statistic =1.371, p-value=0.2989, Hence we do not reject null hypothesis because p-

value =0.2989 is greater than 0.05 and conclude that there is no significant difference in

mean salary between American League and National league players.

Output
Two sample T hypothesis test:

μ1 : Mean of salary AL

μ2 : Mean of salary NL
μ1 - μ2 : Difference between two means
H0 : μ1 - μ2 = 0
HA : μ1 - μ2 ≠ 0
(without pooled variances)

Hypothesis test results:

DifferenceSample Diff. Std. Err. DF T-Stat P-value
μ1 - μ2 65.03333347.4481592.08911541.3706187 0.2989

Prepare a 95% confidence interval for the difference in the two league means:
meanAL - meanNL
[ -130.997, 261.064]
Output
Two sample T confidence interval:
μ1 : Mean of salary AL
μ2 : Mean of salary NL
μ1 - μ2 : Difference between two means
(without pooled variances)
95% confidence interval results:
DifferenceSample Diff. Std. Err. DF L. Limit U. Limit

μ1 - μ2 65.03333347.4481592.0891154-130.99721261.06388

The interval is not significant because it contains zero. This means that there is no

difference in mean salaries between national league and American league players.

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Conclusion
In summary, this project has found that there is no significant difference in salaries of

teams in both national and American leagues. The histogram indicated that the salaries

of the teams are skewed to the right. Comparing the means of a random sample of six

teams and the population mean indicated that there were no significant different

between the sample mean and population mean. Comparing the salary mean between

the 3 national league teams and 3 national league teams, it was found that there was no

significant difference between the two random samples. Confidence intervals confirmed

that there was significant difference in salary means between national league and

American league teams in the random sample of 6 teams. From the analysis I learned

that Z-test is used when dealing with population statistics and t-tests when dealing with

random sample statistics. It was learned that there is no significant difference in

salaries for players playing in national league and American League.

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