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DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL
PROF. MARK JAY H. MASAGCA,RC
DRUG
- any substance whether natural or
synthetic that stimulates, depresses or
irritates specialized cells
- any substance that brings about
physical, psychological and behavioral
changes in a person taking it
DRUG ABUSE
- the use of drug contrary to its purpose
DRUG DEPENDENCE
- a state of psychic or physical
dependence, or both, in a dangerous
drug, arising in a person following
administration or use of that drug on a
periodic or continuous bases
KINDS OF DRUG DEPENDENCE
1) PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE
o an adaptive state caused by
repeated drug use that reveals
itself by developing intense
physical symptoms when the
drug is stopped; formerly called
addiction
2) PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
o an attachment to drug use, which
arises from a drug’s ability to
satisfy some emotional or
personality need of an individual;
formerly called habituation
DRUG EXPERIMENTER
- one who illegally, wrongfully or
improperly uses any drugs for reason of
curiosity, peer pressure or other similar
reasons
POLYDRUG USE
- abuse by taking all sort of drugs
TOLERANCE
- the increasing of dosage of drugs to
maintain the desired effect of the drugs
WITHDRAWAL PERIOD
- refers to the period from the point of
drug dependence up to the point when
the drug dependent is totally or
gradually deprived of the drug
TREATMENT
- a medical service rendered to a client
for the effective management of his
total condition related to drug abuse
PHARMACOLOGY
- the science of drug preparation, uses
and effects
PHARMACOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF
DRUGS
1) STIMULANTS
- drugs which increase alertness and
physical disposition
- also called “uppers”
- examples are: shabu, ecstacy, cocaine,
2) DEPRESSANTS
- drugs which decrease body functions
and nerve activities
- also called “downers”
- examples are: barbiturates, alcohol
3) HALLUCINOGEN
- also called psychedelics
- drugs that affect thinking, sensation,
self-awareness and emotions
- produces hallucinations and delusion
- examples are: LSD, marijuana,
mescaline, psylocybin, phenicyclidine
(PCP)
4) NARCOTICS
- drugs that relieve pain and often induce
sleep
- examples are: opium (derivatives are
morphine, cocaine, heroin, codeine)
A. STIMULANTS
1) natural - found in animals
2) synthetic - artificially prepared with
the use of chemicals
METHAMPHETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
- more commonly called “shabu”
- also called “poor man’s cocaine”
because it is cheaper than cocaine
- first synthetic stimulant developed by
the Japanese
- originally called “kakuzeizai”, from the
Japanese term “kakuzei”, which
means “waking” and “zai”, which
means drug
- “shabu” = waking drug
- white, colorless crystalline substance
with a bitter, numbing taste
- can be ingested, snorted or injected
(intravenous or intramuscular)
- the following are its immediate effects:
1) produces anxiety, irritability, irrational
behavior, talkativeness and loss of self-
control
2) loss of appetite and inability to sleep
3) produces violent and destructive
behavior and recklessness
4) produces chest pain, irregularity of
heartbeat and hypertension

- the following are its long term effects:
1) psychosis
2) convulsion
3) death from cardiac arrest
COCAINE
- its use is called “the king’s habit”
because it is expensive
- white, crystalline alkaloid found in the
leaves of the coca bush
- erythroxylon coca is the botanical name
of the plant coca bush
- it takes 125 pounds of dried leaves to
produce one pound of cocaine
- medically used as a tropical local
anesthetic
- can be taken by ingestion, by rubbing it
directly to gums, by applying it directly
to sex organs during intercourse, by
injection and by snorting
- when ingested, the “high” can last from
15 to 30 minutes
- when injected, the “high” can last from
45 to 90 minutes
- comes in different forms:
a) cocaine hydrochloride – the
most readily available form; fine,
white, crystal-like powder that is
medically known as anesthetic
b) street or rock – largest pieces of
cocaine hydrochloride
c) freebase – purified substance of
rocks
d) coca paste – crude product
smoked in South America; more
dangerous because it has
contaminants such as kerosene
- the following are its immediate effects:
1) dilated pupils
2) increased blood pressure, heart rate,
breathing rate, body temperature
3) euphoric effect/light feeling
4) feeling of being energetic and alert
5) loss of appetite
6) slurred speech
- the following are its long term effects:
1) psychosis
2) lung damage
3) runny nose and ulcerated
mucous membrane of the nose
4) confusion
METHYLENE DIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE
(MDMA)
- commonly referred to as ecstacy, “X”
and party drug
- a designer drug
- the following are its immediate effects:
1) euphoria
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2) feeling energetic and
hyperactive
3) sense of well-being
- the following are its long term effects:
1) brain damage
2) heart complications
3) death
B. DEPRESSANTS
ALCOHOL
- considered a drug because of its
depressing effects in the body
C. HALLUCINOGENS
MARIJUANA
- commonly called “grass”, “ganja”,
“tsongki”, “bhang”, “damo”
- botanical name is cannabis sativa L
- has three major components:
1) tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) –
purple; the most active alkaloid; the
one causing the hallucinogenic
effects
5) cannabinol – red (physiologically
inactive)
6) cannabidiol – pink (physiologically
inactive)
LEGAL DEFINITION OF MARIJUANA
The term marijuana as defined by
law means all parts of the plant
whether growing or not, the seeds
thereof, the resin extracted from any
parts of such plant, every compound,
manufactured, salt derivative,
mixture or preparation of such plant,
its seeds or resin.
IDENTIFYING MARIJUANA
1) leaves
o green, spotted or brown in color
o serrated
o with cystolith hairs on the
underside
o presence of effervescence when
diluted with hydrochloric acid
2) hulls
o green, brown or brownish-spotted
in color
o characteristically shaped
o with cystolith hairs
3) fruits (seeds)
o greenish-yellow to brown in color
o inside similar to coconut meat
o ovoid in shape
FORMS OF MARIJUANA
1) marijuana joint or cigarettes – made
from dried leaves, tops and flowers
of the plant; the most available form
2) hashish or hash – made from the
extracted resin of the plant; usually

granular or solid chunky in form,
ranging from a mustardly yellow to
dark brown; stronger than crude
marijuana and may be smoked or
eaten
3) hashish oil – higher form of
marijuana and not usually available
because it is expensive; brown in
color; considered as concentrated
cannabis
IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF MARIJUANA USE
1) faster heartbeat and pulse rate
2) bloodshot eyes
3) dry mouth and throat
4) altered sense of time and
disorientation
5) forgetfulness
6) inability for coordination and slower
reflexes
LONG TERM EFFECTS OF MARIJUANA
USE
1) chest pain
2) irregular menstrual cycle
3) temporary loss of fertility for both
sexes
4) premature babies and low birth
weights
5) cancer of the lungs
LYSERGIC ACID DIATHYLAMIDE (LSD)
- colorless and tasteless semi-synthetic
alkaloid substance extracted from a
fungus which grown on rye, wheat and
other grains
- popular in the 1960’s and 1970’s at the
height of the hippie culture
MESCALINE
- primary ingredient of the peyote cactus,
a plant known as lophophoria williamsii
lemaire
KETAMINE
- chemical name is ketamine
hydrochloride
- common names include “special K” or
“K”
- originally created for use as a human
anaesthetic and is still used as a
general anaesthetic for children,
persons of poor health and in veterinary
medicine
- usually comes as liquid in small
pharmaceutical bottles and is most
often cooked into a white powder for
snorting
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- at lower doses, it causes a mild,
dreamy feeling and numbness in the
extremities is also common
- higher doses produce hallucinogenic
effect and may cause the user to feel
very far away from his body; such
experience is referred to as entering “k”
hole
- when snorted, the effect comes on
within 5 to 10 minutes
- when injected into the muscle, effect
can be felt within 4 minutes; it is never
injected into a vein
- if ingested, effect can be felt within 10
to 20 minutes
D. NARCOTIC
OPIUM
- derived from the plant opium poppy,
botanical name is papaver somniferum
- papaver is Greek for poppy,
somniferum is Latin for “to dream or
induce sleep”
- originally intended for medicinal
purpose
- opium poppy grows from 2 to 5 feet
with flowers of different colors
- raw opium is obtained by making
incision either vertically or horizontally
which allows the milky juice to seep
from the plant
- raw opium is then formed into balls or
chunks and shipped to a laboratory for
cooking
- raw opium is then refined into morphine
MORPHINE
- a derivative of opium
- comes from the name of Greek god of
dreams, “Morpheus”
- approximate 10 kilograms of raw opium
will produce 1 kilogram of morphine
HEROIN
- the chemical compound derived from
morphine
- chemical name is diacetylmorphine
CODEINE
- the chemical compound derived from
morphine
COMMON PARAPHERNALIA FOR DRUG
USE
1) spoon
2) syringe
3) eyedropper with rubber suction
device
4) needle
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5) tourniquet - the smuggler has different distributors
6) matches in different geographical areas
7) lighter 6) THE DEALER
8) razor blades - most commonly called “PUSHERS”
9) foil - they make drugs easily available to
10) wine bottle cap users
- some dealers are satisfied with selling
DRUG SYNDICATE drugs to already known addicts, while
- any organized group of two (2) or more some engage in addicting new
persons forming or joining together with customers
the intention of committing any offense 7) THE CONSUMER
prescribed under RA 9165 - the buyer and user of drugs
- the drug addicts
DRUG TRAFFICKING - the reason why the business of illegal
- the authorized manufacture, distribution drugs continue to thrive
or unlawful possession of any
controlled substance, for the purpose of DRUG CARTELS
selling cartel - an association of businesses in an
international monopoly
DRUG DISTRIBUTION PROCESS
1) THE GROWER MEDELLIN CARTEL
- the one responsible for the planting, - established in the 1970’s in Medellin,
harvesting and maintenance of the Colombia
original plant from which the drug is - its key members were:
derived from 1) Pablo Escobar - the leader of
- the source of crops or contact to other the Medellin Cartel; a common
sources from whom crops can be street thief who masterminded
obtained the criminal enterprise
- sees to it that the plant is produced in 2) Jose Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha
the highest quality possible and in - had prior illegal involvement in
sufficient quantity the emerald trade
3) Jorge Ochoa}
2) THE MANUFACTURER 4) Fabio Ochoa} – belonged to a
- the one responsible for the processing well-respected ranching family
of the raw materials supplied by the 5) Juan David Ochoa}
grower 6) Carlos Lehder - marijuana
- maintains a manufacturing laboratory smuggler who owned land
- the one who makes contact or is properties and air strip in
contacted so that the distribution can Norman’s clay
begin  Norman’s clay is a small
island in the Bahamas
3) THE IMPORTER  Lehder built a runway for the
- the client or contact of the manufacturer small airplanes that were
- the primary seller of the drugs used in transporting illegal
- the importer devises the plan or drugs to the US; this runway
procedure by which the now-refined was protected from radar
drug will reach its destination, whether  the island became the stop-
that be another country, state or other over and re-fuelling hubs for
geographical area the planes transporting illegal
drugs
4) THE SMUGGLER - its operations started to deteriorate
- has the task of smuggling the drug into when it started getting violent due to
the designated area Escobar’s power-hungry activities
- must devise techniques by which the against the Colombian government
drugs evade the scrutiny of inspection - eventually, both Pablo Escobar and
Rodriguez Gacha were gunned down
5) THE DISTRIBUTOR by the Colombian Police, while the
- the source of drugs in their respective Ochoa brothers turned themselves in
areas exchange for lenient prison terms

- the Medellin Cartel was neutralized in
the early 1990’s
CALI CARTEL
- established in the 1970’s in Cali,
Colombia
- its key members were:
1) Gilberto Rodriguez Orejuela
2) Miguel Rodriguez Orejuela
3) Santacruz Londono
- they conducted their operations quietly,
reinvesting their profits in legitimate
businesses
- as rivals of the Medellin Cartel, they
secretly supplied information against
Escobar to the Colombian Police
- in the mid-1990’s, the leaders were
arrested and are currently serving
prison terms
- however, it is believed that operations
are still going on
GOLDEN CRESCENT (Middle East)
- composed of Iran, Afghanistan and
Pakistan
- one of the world’s biggest sources of
opium
- the geographical location is conducive
to growing opium poppies
- the fields are said to be protected by
the Taliban in Afghanistan
GOLDEN TRIANGLE (South East Asia)
- composed of Thailand, Myanmar and
Laos
- world’s leading producer of heroin
- the geographical location of said
countries are conducive to growing
crops
- the fields cover a vast area impossible
to monitor completely
- poor farmers choose to plant opium
poppies because it is more lucrative
- the fields are said to be protected by
the rebel groups, especially in
Myanmar
FIRST IMPORTANT DRUG TRAFFIC ROUTE
1) Middle East - discovery, plantation,
cultivation and harvest
2) Turkey - preparation for distribution
3) Europe - manufacture, refine and
synthesis
4) US - marketing
Lebanon - biggest producer of cannabis in the
middle east; transit country for cocaine from
South America to Europe
Spain - major transshipment point in Europe,
paradise of drug users in Europe
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Mexico - leading producer of marijuana in
the world
RA 6425 - DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF
1972
RA 9165 - COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS
DRUGS ACT OF 2002;
approved on 7 June 2002
DANGEROUS DRUG BOARD (DDB)
- shall be the policy-making and strategy-
formulating body
- shall develop and adopt a
comprehensive, integrated, unified and
balanced national drug abuse
prevention and control strategy
- shall be under the Office of the
President
- the Board shall be composed of
seventeen (17) members:
12 in ex-officio capacity, 3
permanent members and 2 regular
members
- the Board shall recommend the
appointment of an Executive Director
who shall be the Secretary of the Board
with the rank of Undersecretary
PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORCEMENT
AGENCY (PDEA)
- shall serve as the implementing arm of
the Board
- shall be responsible for the efficient and
effective law enforcement
- shall be headed by a Director-General
with the rank of Undersecretary, who
shall be responsible for the general
administration and management of the
agency
- PDEA Academy shall be established
either in Baguio City or Tagaytay City
- the Academy shall be responsible in
the recruitment and training of all PDEA
agents and personnel
- shall be headed by a Superintendent,
with the rank of Director
QUALIFICATIONS FOR RECRUITS
1) at least 21 years old
2) degree holder
DRUG TEST REQUIREMENTS
1) screening test - will determine the
positive result as well as the type of
the drug used
2) confirmatory test - will confirm and
validate the result of the screening
test

USE OF DANGEROUS DRUGS
- a person arrested for a crime and found
to be positive for drug use shall be
imposed a penalty of minimum six
months rehabilitation for the first
offense
- a person arrested for drug use for the
second time shall suffer imprisonment
ranging from six years and one day to
12 years
POSSESSION OF DANGEROUS DRUGS
- any person, unless authorized by law,
found in possession of any dangerous
drug shall mete the penalty of life
imprisonment to death:
10 g or more of opium
10 g or more of morphine
10 g or more of heroin
10 g or more of cocaine
50 g or more of shabu
10 g or more of marijuana resin or
marijuana resin oil
500 g or more of marijuana
10 g or more other dangerous drugs
POSSESSION OF EQUIPMENT,
INSTRUMENT, APPARATUS AND OTHER
PARAPEHERNALIA FOR DANGEROUS
DRUGS
- possession of such equipment shall be
prima facie evidence that the possessor
has smoked, consumed, administered
to himself/herself and shall be
presumed to have violated Section 15
of RA 9125 (Use of Dangerous Drugs)
CUSTODY AND DISPOSITION OF
DANGEROUS DRUGS AND
PARAPHERNALIA
- the PDEA shall take charge and have
custody of all dangerous drugs and
paraphernalia confiscated
- confiscated drugs and paraphernalia
shall be forwarded to the PDEA
forensic laboratory for examination
within twenty four (24) hours upon
seizure
- a certification of the forensic laboratory
shall be issued within twenty four (24)
hours after receipt of said dangerous
drugs and paraphernalia
- after filing of the criminal case, the
court shall conduct an ocular inspection
of the confiscated drug and
paraphernalia within seventy two (72)
hours
- after inspection, the drugs and
paraphernalia shall be destroyed within
twenty four (24) hours except for the
6
representative samples which will be
used as evidence during trial
VOLUNTARY SUBMISSION OF DRUG
DEPENDENT
- rehabilitation period is not less than six
months but not more than one year
- shall be exempt from criminal liability
for use of dangerous drugs under the
following conditions:
1) has complied with the rules and
regulation of the Center, rules
and regulations of the Board,
including the after-care and
follow-up program;
2) has never been charged or
convicted for any violation of RA
9165, RA 6425, RPC or any
special penal laws;
3) has no record of escape from a
center;
4) poses no serious danger or threat
COMPULSORY CONFINEMENT OF A DRUG
DEPENDENT WHO REFUSES TO APPLY
UNDER THE VOLUNTARY SUBMISSION
PROGRAM
- any person determined and found to be
dependent on dangerous drugs shall be
confined for treatment and rehabilitation
in any Center duly designated or
accredited for the purpose upon petition
by the Board or any of its authorized
representative
- a petition for confinement of a person
may be filed by any person authorized
by the Board with the Regional Trial
Court of the province or city where such
person is found
- after filing of petition, the court shall
immediately fix a date for the hearing
- after such hearing and if the facts so
warrant, the court shall order the drug
dependent to be examined by two (2)
physicians accredited by the Board
- if both physicians conclude that the
respondent is not a drug dependent,
the court shall order his discharge
- if one of the physicians finds him to be
dependent, the court shall conduct a
hearing and consider all relevant
evidence; if the court finds him a drug
dependent, it shall issue an order for
his commitment to a treatment and
rehabilitation center
COMPULSORY SUBMISSION OF A DRUG
DEPENDENT CHARGED WITH AN
OFFENSE TO TREATMENT AND
REHABILITATION
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- if a person charged with an offense
where the penalty imposable is
imprisonment of less than six (6) years
and one (1) day, and is found by the
prosecutor or by the court, at any stage
of the proceedings, to be drug
dependent, the prosecutor or the court
shall suspend all further proceedings
and transmit copies of the record of the
case to the Board
- if the Board determines, after medical
examination, that the drug dependent
should be committed to a treatment and
rehabilitation center, it shall file a
petition for his commitment with the
Regional Trial Court of the province or
city where he is being tried
- if the court finds him to be a drug
dependent, it shall order his
commitment
- the Center shall submit a written report
on the progress of the treatment every
four (4) months or as often as the court
may require
- if the drug dependent is rehabilitated,
as the Center certifies, he shall be
returned to court for discharge from the
Center
- the proceedings regarding his original
case shall continue and in case of
conviction, his stay at the Center shall
be credited to his sentence if the drug
dependent is certified by the Center to
have maintained good behavior