A Project Report

on

“Fabrication of can crusher using Elliptical Trammel”

In

Mechanical Engineering
by

(Mr. Vivek Vishnu Patil)

(UCN No:86)

(Mr. Shrey Sunil Pawar)

(UCN No:91)

(Mr. Tejas Sanjay Sonar)

(Roll No:116)

(Mr. Nitish Bhavani Prasad Shukla)

(Roll No:114)

Guide
(Prof. Chhaya Patil)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Vishnu Waman Thakur Charitable Trust’s
VIVA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, Virar (E)
 University of Mumbai
(2021 – 2022)

Vishnu Waman Thakur Charitable Trust’s

VIVA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Shirgaon, Virar (E). Palghar-401305

CERTIFICATE
Certify that this Mini Project Report is submitted by

Mr. Vivek Vishnu Patil Roll No. 86

Mr. Shrey Sunil Pawar Roll No. 91

Mr. Tejas Sanjay Sonar Roll No. 116

Mr. Nitish Bhawani Prasad Shukla Roll No. 114

entitled as Fabrication of can crusher using Elliptical Trammel

by the Second-Year students of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering as a part of Mini

project work prescribed by University of Mumbai.

Prof. Chhaya Patil

Guide
 Contents
Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………... 1
List of Figures ………………………………………………………………………. 2
List of tables …………………………………………………………………………. 3
Chapter 1 ……………………………………………………………………………. 5
Introduction …………………………………………………………………………
7
1.1 working principal of elliptical trammel………………………………………
8
1.2 application of elliptical trammel……………………………………………...
9
1.3 calculation of elliptical trammel …………………………………………….
Chapter 2 ……………………………………………………………………………. 10
Literature Review …………………………………………………………………... 10
2.1 Review ……………………………………………………………………… 10
Chapter 3 ……………………………………………………………………………. 12
Objectives …………………………………………………………………………… 12
Chapter 4 ……………………………………………………………………………. 14
Proposed Methodology ...…………………………………………………………... 15
4.1 Model Design ……………………………………………………………….
16
4.2Component List………………………………………………………………
16
4.3cost analysis………………………………………………………………….

Chapter 5 …………………………………………………………………………… 17
Result and Discussion.………………………………………………………………
5.1 Costing……………………………………………………………………… 18
Chapter 6 …………………………………………………………………………… 19
Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………….
References …………………………………………………………………………. 21
Acknowledgement ………………………………………………………………….
 Abstract

The main aim of this project is to fabricate a Can Crusher machine using elliptical trammel to
reduce the scrap volume and use the Cans so that carrying them to the recycle site becomes
easy. Now-a days, a large number of cans are used in hotels, canteens etc. and a large volume
of space is required for storing or dumping the used Cans. This project includes fabrication of
a Can Crusher using elliptical trammel mechanism which will reduce the volume of cans at
least 70%. This report demonstrates the necessary calculation, assembly and fabrication of the
Can Crusher machine. Under this project work, Can Crushers have been constructed. i.e.,
manually operated, is made, regarding their efficiencies, cost of construction etc., and
presented here in this report.
 List of figures
Figure 1.1 Mechanism of elliptical trammel……………………………………... 8
Figure 4.1 Tree diagram of methodology ………………………………………... 13

Figure 4.3 Model design …………………………………………………………. 15

Figure 5.1 Actual model…………………………………………………………. 16

 List of tables

5.2 Material costing………………………………………………… 17

 Chapter 1

Introduction

• A trammel of Archimedes is a mechanism that generates the shape of an ellipse. It

consists of two sliders which are restricted ("trammeled") to perpendicular channels or
rails, and a rod which is attached to the sliders by pivots at fixed positions along the rod.
As the sliders move back and forth, each distances a and b are adjustable, so that the size
and shape of the ellipse can be varied. The history of such ellipsographs is not certain,
but they are believed to be there even to the time of Archimedes. It is seen that it can be
used as tool changing apparatus, for ellipse of different axes sizes and so on. The
elliptical trammel mechanism has various applications as it can be made in various
gestures. In this project we are going to show a single application of using a normal
elliptical trammel to run as a mechanism for approximate straight path so that we can get
a required stroke length. In this way we will be able to find the use of elliptical trammel
in simple way. If this mechanism can be used as small-scale apparatus, then it is surly a
great gesture in major value graded mechanisms.
• Thus with help of the Archimedes Trammel mechanism with feasible piston cylinder
arrangement to obtain the illustrated application Recycling Waste Tin Can Crusher
Machine with same conceptual construction method of the elliptical trammel mechanism
with exact traces followed elliptical path and convert the rotatory motion into
reciprocating motion to piston perform the suction and evacuation strokes respectively to
overfill the motto of the application along its channel, the end of the rod moves in an
elliptical path. Aline segment of fixed length whose ends slide along two perpendicular
 axes. During the motion, a fixed point on the segment traces an ellipse with one quarter
of the ellipse in each quadrant and traces a complete graph as an ellipse, mechanism for
drawing an ellipse. The semi axes a and b of the ellipse are the distances between the
end of the rod and the two pivots. An elliptical trammel of an Archimedes intended to
draw, cut, or machine ellipses, e.g., in wood or other sheet materials.

• Thus, with help of the Archimedes Trammel mechanism with feasible piston cylinder
arrangement to obtain the illustrated application Recycling Waste Tin Can Crusher
Machine with same conceptual construction method of the elliptical trammel mechanism
with exact traces followed elliptical path and convert the rotatory motion into
reciprocating motion to piston perform the suction and evacuation strokes respectively to
overfill the motto of the application.

1.1 Working principal of elliptical trammel

 An elliptical trammel (also known as Trammel of Archimedes) is used to draw the ellipses
of various sizes. It is an inversion of double slider crank chain in which there are two
sliding pairs and two turning pairs. Slider 1 (Link 4) moves vertically while slider 2 (Link
2) moves horizontally. The frame is kept fixed Link 3 is a rod to which the pencil or router
is attached to draw an ellipse.

 A trammel of Archimedes is a mechanism that generates the shape of an ellipse. It consists

of two shuttles which are confined (“trammeled”) to perpendicular channels or rails, and a
rod which is attached to the shuttles by pivots at fixed positions along the rod. As the
shuttles move back and forth, each along its channel, the end of the rod moves in an
elliptical path. The semi-axes a and b of the ellipse have lengths equal to the distances from
the end of the rod to each of the two pivots. An ellipsograph is a trammel of Archimedes
intended to draw, cut, or machine ellipses, e.g., in wood or other sheet materials. An
ellipsograph has the appropriate instrument (pencil, knife, router, etc.) attached to the rod.
Usually, the distances a and b are adjustable, so that the size and shape of the ellipse can be
varied.

Figure 1.1.1
1.2 Application of Elliptical trammel:

• It is used in automatic tool changer in a machining.

• Elliptical Trammels are used for drawing large ellipses.
• They can be used to draw smaller ellipses but only draw one half at a time, having to be
reversed to draw the complete ellipse.
• A trammel of Archimedes is a mechanism that generates the shape of an ellipse.[1] It
consists of two shuttles which are confined ("trammeled") to perpendicular channels or
rails and a rod which is attached to the shuttles by pivots at fixed positions along the rod.

• Trammel of Archimedes animated model.

• As the shuttles move back and forth, each along its channel, all points on the rod move in
elliptical paths. The motion of the rod is termed elliptical motion. The semi-axes a and b
of the ellipses have lengths equal to the distances from the point on the rod to each of the
two pivots.

• The straight lines described by the pivots are special cases of an ellipse, where the length
of one axis is twice the distance between the pivots and that of the other is zero. All points
on a circle with a diameter defined by the two pivots reciprocate in such straight lines.
This circle corresponds to the smaller circle in a Tusi couple.

• The point midway between the pivot’s orbits in a circle around the point where the
channels cross. This circle is also a special case of an ellipse. Here the axes are of equal
length. The diameter of the circle is equal to the distance between the pivots. The
direction of travel around the orbit is opposite to the sense of rotation of the trammel.
 Thus, if a crank centred on the crossing point of the channels is used to engage the
trammel at the midway point to drive it, the rotation of the crankpin and the trammel are
equal and opposite, which in practical applications results in extra friction and accelerated
wear. This is compounded by high forces owing to the short throw of the crank of only
1/4 the travel of the pivots.

• An ellipsograph is a trammel of Archimedes intended to draw, cut, or machine ellipses,

e.g. in wood or other sheet materials. An ellipsograph has the appropriate instrument
(pencil, knife, router, etc.) attached to the rod. Usually, the distances a and b are
adjustable, so that the size and shape of the ellipse can be varied.

• The history of such ellipsographs is not certain, but they are believed to date back to
Proclus and perhaps even to the time of Archimedes.

1.3 Calculation of elliptical trammel

Wooden versions of the trammel of Archimedes have been produced also as toys or novelty
items, and sold under the name of Kentucky do-nothings, nothing grinders, do nothing
machines, smoke grinders, or bullshit grinders. In these toys the drafting instrument is
replaced by a crank handle, and the position of the sliding shuttles is usually fixed.
 Figure 1.3

Let C be the outer end of the rod, and A, B be the pivots of the sliders. Let p and q be the
distances from A to B and B to C, respectively. Let us assume that sliders A and B move
along the y and x coordinate axes, respectively. When the rod makes an angle θ with the x-
axis, the coordinates of point C are given by

These are in the form of the standard parametric equations for an ellipse in canonical position.
The further equation
 The trammel of Archimedes is an example of a four-bar linkage with two sliders and
two pivots, and is special case of the more general oblique trammel. The axes constraining the
pivots do not have to be perpendicular and the points A, B and C can form a triangle. The
resulting locus of C is still an ellipse.
 Chapter 2

Literature Review

2.1 Review

• Dr. R.K. Pohane, Sandip N. Pustode, Rahul D. Padole, Swapnil M. Bankar, Rohan
Naranjo, Swapnil T. Bante; Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Priyadarshini Bhagwati
College, Maharashtra, India: - Design and Fabrication of Bottle Shaking Machine Using
Elliptical Trammel Mechanism- This presents an approach to use double slider crank
mechanism as a Bottle shaking Machine. In this mechanism two sliders are used which moves
in two two groves .Both the slider moves along these groves. The important thing is that these
two groves are perpendicular to each other. A connecting rod is used to connect these sliders
and make the motion constrained. The slotted Lever is fixed element in the mechanism. These
are the various components of mechanism and relative motions of these components are
described. Design of mechanism on the basis of their dimensions and deformation has been
performed. Analysis of various components of the mechanism has been performed. Thus, this
an elliptical trammel from which the approximate straight motion of sliders is being used for
shaking purpose of bottles.

• Smith, JE West Virginia Univ., Morgantown (USA): - INTERNAL

COMBUSTION ENGINES Using Elliptical Trammel Mechanism- Theoretical modeling is
presented of a unique four-cylinder internal combustion engine mechanism that utilizes a
floating crank instead of the conventional crank shaft mechanism. The device is based on a
kinematic inversion of a Scotch Yoke, known as an elliptical trammel or double slider
mechanism, with a floating crank assembly referred to in the text as a trammel gear. Dynamic
motion verification consists of a computer graphics model side wall force analysis and a
functioning one-liter internal combustion engine that successfully utilizes and demonstrates
the motion of the trammel gear/elliptical trammel device. Included are the theoretical values
for the dynamic forces in the mechanism and the expected performance characteristics.
 Chapter 3

Objectives

3.1 Objectives:
• With the learning of the Elliptical Archimedes Trammel mechanism and to get impactful
application based on the two-sliding trammel mechanism.

• To provide high efficiency with no energy consumption solution in the waste recycling
methodological processes.

• By using this mechanism fabricated easily operated and simply constructed solution
providing Can Crusher Machine.

• To get the low cost effective solution for the recycling process of used tin cans by using
elliptical trammel mechanism.

• To introduce this type of simple mechanism to technical society with the help of
fabrication and construction of the recycling can crusher by using Elliptical Archimedes
Trammel mechanism as can provide many more solution to make our everyday living
activities more flexible and easier PROBLEM DEFINITION AND OBJECTIVE To
illustrate and explore the elliptical trammel mechanism and to get proper understanding of
the mechanism.

• To get the low cost effective solution for the recycling process of used tin cans by using
elliptical trammel mechanism.
• To introduce this type of simple mechanism to technical society with the help of
fabrication and construction of the recycling can crusher by using Elliptical Archimedes
Trammel mechanism as can provide many more solution to make our everyday living
activities more flexible and easier.
 Chapter 4

Methodology

4.1 Steps taken while completing mini project

Selection of components

Selection of materials

Fabrication was started

Parts where made according with proper dimensions

Assembly was done

Working model was kept ready and tested

Final report was made and submitted along with model

Figure 4.1 Tree diagram (Methodology)

4.2 Methodology
• Primarily studied the mechanism and acknowledged the concept of the mechanism and
discussed the basic conceptual trends of elliptical trammel mechanism so that can
fabricate one proficient application for the mechanism.
• Further after the study and discussion of the mechanism decided to construct with using
the mechanism a manually operated waste used tin recycling machine with the piston
cylinder arrangement in the integration of the elliptical trammel mechanism which further
can be easily automated using simple gear arrangement with electrical or renewable
energy sources.
• After the selection cost estimation for the whole construction were made and the block
diagram have been designed and incorporated as with same conceptual construction
method of the elliptical trammel mechanism with exact traces followed elliptical path and
convert the rotatory motion into reciprocating motion to piston perform the suction and
evacuation strokes respectively to perform the crushing of the waste used tin cans
• The construction of trammel mechanism can crusher piston cylinder has been done and
the mechanism assembled with the help of steel connecting rod used for a connection
between the two sliders of length 800mm, cranks, the rotatory handle, slider, shaft,
knuckle key, circular fabricated frame(in trammel way concept with cross slotting), piston
and cylinder frame. The fabricated device is capable to achieve the required application
with the complete assembly of the above components.
• In this device the circular fabricated slotted frame is assembled with the connection of
piston-cylinder frame and the rotatory handle and shaft are connected to each other with
the help knuckle key. Then the rotating shaft is connected to the crank and with sliders an
further connecting shaft and the piston get fixed in cylinder frame and get connected to
 the crank. Balancing was done to avoid the forces, out of balance couple and the
excessive vibrations. Further the mechanism’s complete assembly of the device has been
done and it’s shown in 5th slide as actual visual of the project model. Further, kinematic
analysis or position analysis of the device has been performed.
• The fabricated model of elliptical trammel had been driven by manual rotary handle. A
hand operated rotary handle is attached to the shaft which is connected to circular
fabricated and slotted frame with the help of flexible coupling. The velocity is provided
with the help of manual operation to the handle and the motion is transferred to the crank.

4.3 Drawing & design of components

Fig 4.3 Model Design

4.4 components list

1.Circuler disc
2.Connecting Rod
3.Slider Blocks
3.Rectangular Solid Block
4.Shaft
5.Handle
6.Key
7.Connecting Pins and Tighteners
 Chapter 5

5.1 Result
We successfully fabricated the can crusher using elliptical trammel and testing was done.

Fig 5.1 actual model

5.2 Cost analysis
Table 5.1 Material costing

Sr Price
Part Material Quantity
No. (approx.)

1 Base Plywood 1 200

Rectangular
2 Wood 1 100
Solid Block

Slider Blocks
3 Wood 1 100

4 Circular disc Plywood 1 150

5 Shaft Wood 1 50

6 Handle Wood 1 50

Nails and 10
7 CS 50
Fastener

Total 700
 Chapter 6

Conclusion

• Elliptical Trammel mechanism were studied and illustrated of double slider

crank mechanism which is used in the construction of the waste tin recycler
can crusher machine
• Integrated fabrication of piston cylinder as per Archimedes Elliptical
Trammel Mechanism was designed as application for the Trammel
Mechanism.
• One innovative application were designed with demonstration of the
conceptual technique of the mechanism to the one freaking simply
constructed machine
• Study and learning were done to process the proper fabrication and assembly
of the application of the mechanism with help of proper planning keys as
followed in practically as in an industrial society.
• Cost estimation were done and get the proper idea to set the good inputs and
to avoid excessive incidental charges were caused during the lack or the
missed out the due to inconvenient estimation.
 References

Book

1. Kinematics of Machinery Author Anup Goel Publisher Technical Publications,

2021ISBN9333221867, 9789333221863 Length 594 pages

Journal Paper

1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326477696_DESIGN_AND_FABRICATION_OF_
ELLIPTICAL_TRAMMEL_USING_PERFOMANCE_ANALYSIS_OF_RECIPROCATING
_PUMP

2. Patel S.R., Patel D. S., Patel B. D., International Journal of Engineering Science and
Innovative Technology

3. Tyagi R.K., Verma M., Borah S, Journal of Environmental Science, Computer Science and
Engineering and Technology, 2012, 1, 3, 372-380

4. Smith J.E., Craven R.P., Cutlip R.G., The Stiller-Smith Mechanism: A Kinematic
Analysis, 1986, SAE Technical paper 860535

5. Smith J.E. Dynamic analysis of an elliptical trammel mechanism for possible

application to an internal combustion engine with a floating crank, 1949, West
Virginia Univ., Morgantown,WV, United States

6. https://www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com/articles/kinematic-analysis-of-automated-
elliptical-trammel-for-cutting-applications.pd
 Acknowledgement

Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Prof. Chhaya Patil
and faculty advisor, Prof. Henisha Raut for her guidance, useful comments, remarks and
engagement through the learning process of this research work. Furthermore, I would like to
thank Dr. Arun Kumar (Principal), Viva Institute of technology, Virar, for his timely help.
Finally, I must express my very profound gratitude to my parents and to my brother/sister for
providing me with unfailing support and continuous encouragement throughout my years of
study. Praises and thanks to God, the Almighty for his showers of blessings throughout my
research work to complete the research successfully.

Date: (Vivek Vishnu Patil)

(Tejas Sanjay Sonar)

(Nitish Bhavani Prasad Shukla)

(Shery Sunil Pawar)