Sugarno, Patricia M.

BEED 2-1

Assessment/Activities: Part I.

1.    State or identify the administration responsible for the following events and policies:

1.1.        Filipino First Policy

 Administration of Carlos P. Garcia (1957-1961)

 Considered as the most decisive administration
 Objective: to free our economy from foreign intervention and control
 The control on import, financial loans, foreign currencies was tightened;
 He gave priority to Filipino industries in the distribution of resources
supported by the Retail Nationalization Trade Act.

1.2.        Decontrol

 Administration of Diosdado Macapagal (1961-1965)

 Lifted the control on foreign currencies and allowed the importation of
goods, which resulted to devaluation
 Economic Policy: “decontrol” = allowing foreign products to enter freely
in our country;

1.3.        Bagong Lipunan

 founded in 1978 by former Nacionalista Party leader Ferdinand Marcos.

 a nationalist, right-wing, conservative Filipino political party that
dominated Philippine politics since its inception.

1.4.        Full Mobilization of the economy

1.5.        Luis Taruc’s surrender

In 1954, Taruc was forced to surrender to the Government of President
Ramon Magsaysay, who had gained widespread peasant support through his pro-
poor agenda and by instituting reforms in the Philippine Army and the
Constabulary. Subsequently Taruc was put on trial for revolt and terrorism. He
was imprisoned for 16 years and was released in 1968 by President Ferdinand
Marcos.

1.6.        Establishment of BSP

On June 15, 1948, Roxas' successor President Elpidio Quirino signed

Republic Act No. 265, also known as The Central Bank Act of 1948.
 1.7.        Philippine Rehabilitation Act

On April 30, 1946, the Philippine Rehabilitation or the Tydings Act of

1946, passed by the US Congress, was approved by the US President. This Act
created the US Philippine War Damage Commission, authorized it to expend a
total of $400,000,000 in payment of private war-damage claims and another
$120,000,000 for the restoration of public property. Of this latter amount
$57,000,000 was alloted to the commission itself.

1.8.        P.D. No. 27

 Administration of Ferdinand E. Marcos

 Presidential Decree 27 was anchored upon the fundamental objective of
addressing valid and legitimate grievances of land ownership giving rise to
violent conflict and social tension in the countryside
 Recognized the necessity to encourage a more productive agricultural base
to the country’s economy
 The certificate of land transfer under Presidential Decree 27 provides that
the tenant farmer is deemed to be the owner of the agricultural land
subject to the conditions that the cost of the portion transferred to him,
including the interest, shall be paid in 15 equal annual amortizations, and
that he must be a member of a barrio association upon organization of
such association in his legality

1.9.        Import Substitution

 Administration of Ferdinand E. Marcos

 In the late 1950s and most of the 1960s, the Philippines adopted
the “import substitution industrialization” (ISI) strategy to develop our
economy. As the name implies, ISI involves providing all sorts of
incentives and protection to our local producers to churn out products that
could substitute for imported goods.

1.10. Build, Build, Build

 Administration of Rodrigo Duterte

 The Build Build Build Portal lists down high impact projects that are
envisioned to increase the productive capacity of the economy, create jobs,
increase incomes, and strengthen the investment climate leading to
sustained inclusive growth.

Administrati Policies Implemented Impact of

 on Economic Political Social the Policies
(on people,
government
or society)
A. Roxas *Rehabilitation and *Passage of the Treaty of General Roxas served
reconstruction in Treaty of General Relations  On August as the
all aspects: – Relations – stated 5, 1946, the Congress of President of
Environmentally, that America the Philippines ratified the
Emotionally, withdrew and the Treaty of General Commonweal
Economically and surrendered “all Relations that had been th of the
Culturally. rights of possession, entered into by and Philippines in
*War Damage Act supervision, between the Republic of a brief period,
- liability in respect jurisdiction, control the Philippines and the from his
of damage to, or or sovereignty over United States on July 4, subsequent
destruction of, the Philippines 1946. Aside from election on
property caused by except the military withdrawing her May 28, 1946
acts lawfully done bases sovereignty from the to July 4,
during, or in *The approval of the Philippines and 1946, the
contemplation of Tydings recognizing her scheduled
the outbreak of, a Rehabilitation Act independence, the date of the
war in which it is of 1946 ( amounting Treaty reserved for the proclamation
engaged. to $120,000,000.) United States some of Philippine
*Signed US-RP *The passing of the bases for the mutual Independence
Treaty of General Parity Rights – gave protection of both .
Relations the Americans the countries; consented
nullifying equal rights to the that the United States
Philippine Filipinos in represent the
independence. This exploiting the Philippines in countries
treaty empowered Philippine natural where the latter had not
the US government resources yet established
to retain its *Approved the Bell diplomatic
supreme authority Trades Relations representation; made
over extensive Act – free trade the Philippines assume
military bases relations between all debts and obligations
which it could the United States of the former
expand at will, and the Philippines government in the
guaranteed the for 8 years until Philippines; and
property rights of 1954 provided for the
US corporations *Proclaimed the settlement of property
and citizens being General Amnesty rights of the citizens of
equal to those of Program of 1946 to both countries.
Filipino end the guerilla
corporations. problem in the
country
B. Quirino  Upon assuming Integrity Board  President Quirino also Elpidio
the reins of To cope with the created the Social Quirino's six
government, insistent clamor for Security Commission, years as
Quirino announced government making Social Welfare president
two main improvement, Commissioner were marked
objectives of his President Quirino Asuncion Perez by notable
 administration: created the Integrity chairman of the postwar
first, the economic Board to probe into same.This was followed reconstructio
reconstruction of reports of graft and by the creation of the n, general
the nation and corruption in high President's Action economic
second, the government places. Committee on Social gains, and
restoration of the Vice-President Amelioration, charges increased
faith and Fernando Lopez was with extending aid, economic aid
confidence of the most instrumental, loans, and relief to the from the
people in the through his less fortunate citizens. United States.
government. ▪ In courageous exposes, Both the policy and its Basic social
connection to the in securing such a implementation were problems,
first agenda, he decision from hailed by the people as however,
created the President Quirino. harbingers of great particularly in
President's Action benefits. the rural
Committee on areas,
Social remained
Amelioration or unsolved, and
PACSA to mitigate his
the sufferings of administratio
indigent families, n was tainted
the Labor by
Management widespread
Advisory Board to graft and
advise him on corruption.
labor matters, the
Agricultural Credit
Cooperatives
Financing
Administration or
ACCFA to help the
farmers market
their crops and
save them from
loan sharks, and
the Rural Banks of
the Philippines to
facilitate credit
utilities in rural
areas.
C. Magsaysay Agrarian Reform  Defense Council  SEATO  The During his
President Ramón Taking the administration of term, he
Magsaysay enacted advantage of the President Magsaysay made
the following laws presence of U.S. was active in the fight Malacañang
as part of his Secretary John against the expansion of literally a
Agrarian Reform Foster Dulles in communism in the "house of the
Program: ▪ Manila to attend the Asian region. He made people",
Republic Act No. SEATO Conference, the Philippines a opening its
1400 (Land the Philippine member of the gates to the
Reform Act of government took Southeast Asia Treaty public. 
1955) – Created steps to broach with Organization (SEATO), One example
the Land Tenure him the which was established of his
 Administration establishment of a in Manila on Sept. 8, integrity
(LTA) which was Joint Defense 1954 during the followed a
responsible for the Council. Vice- "Manila Conference". ▪ demonstratio
acquisition and President and Members of SEATO n flight
distribution of Secretary of Foreign were alarmed at the aboard a new
large tenanted rice AffairsCarlos P. possible victory of plane
and corn lands over Garcia held the North Vietnam over belonging to
200 hectares for opportune South Vietnam, which the Philippine
individuals and conversations with could spread communist Air Force
600 hectares for Secretary Dulles for ideology to other (PAF):
corporations. ▪ this purpose. countries in the region. President
Republic Act No. Agreement was The possibility that a Magsaysay
821 (Creation of reached thereon and communist state can asked what
Agricultural Credit the first meeting of influence or cause other the operating
Cooperative the Joint United countries to adopt the costs per hour
Financing States-Philippines same system of were for that
Administration) – Defense Council government is called type of
Provided small was held in Manila the domino theory. aircraft, then
farmers and share following the end of wrote a
tenants loans with the Manila personal
low interest rates Conference. Thus check to the
of six to eight were the terms of PAF,
percent the Mutual Defense covering the
Pact between the cost of his
Philippines and the flight. 
United States duly
implemented.
D. Garcia Filipino First  Outlawing Republic Act No. 1700 The focus of
Policy  President Communism  was superseded by the Garcia
García exercised After much Presidential Decree No. administratio
the Filipino First discussion, both 885, entitled n focused on
Policy, for which official and public, "Outlawing Subversive economic
he was known. the Congress of the Organization, independence
This policy heavily Philippines, finally, Penalizing Membership from foreign
favored Filipino approved a bill Therein and For Other interest.
businessmen over outlawing the Purposes." In turn, Garcia
foreign investors. Communist Party of Presidential Decree 885 wanted the
He was also the Philippines.  was amended by Philippines to
responsible for Presidential Decree No. be an
changes in retail 1736, and later industrialized
trade which greatly superseded by , self
affected the Presidential Decree No. sustaining
Chinese 1835, entitled, country that
businessmen in the "Codifying The Various would not
country. In a Laws on Anti- have to
speech during a Subversion and heavily rely
joint session of the Increasing the Penalties on the
Senate and the for Membership in products of
House of Subversive foreign
Representatives on Organization." This, in companies.
September 18, turn, was amended by
 1946, President Presidential Decree No.
Garcia said the 1975. On May 5, 1987,
following: ▪ We Executive Order No.
are called upon to 167 repealed
decide on this Presidential Decrees
momentous debate Nos. 1835 and 1975 as
whether or not this being unduly restrictive
land of ours will of the constitutional
remain the cradle right to form
and grave, the associations. ▪ On
womb and tomb of September 22, 1992,
our race – the only Republic Act No. 1700,
place where we can as amended, was
build our homes, repealed by Republic
our temples, and Act No. 7636.
our altars and
where we erect the
castles of our racial
hopes, dreams and
traditions and
where we establish
the warehouse of
our happiness and
prosperity, of our
joys and sorrows
E. Macapagal Economic Policy: New Era” Program Proposed for the One of
“decontrol” = – to lift the formation of the Macapagal's
allowing foreign government MAPHILINDO – an major
products to enter regulation in association of states campaign
freely in our American dollars which included pledges had
country; and to stabilize the Malaysia, Indonesia and been to clean
Signed the Philippine peso the Philippines out the
Agricultural Land through the government
Reform Code – formation of various corruption
abolished the economic projects that had
Kasama System in which would further proliferated
tilling the land; strengthen the under former
Paved way to the foundation of the President
implementation of currency Garcia.
land reform; §  Establishment of
Established the the Philippine
Land Bank of the Veteran’s Bank
Philippines. §  Formation of the
National Cottage
Industry
Development
Administration
(NACIDA)

F. Marcos Continued the Martial Law New political parties Cronyism and
Decontrol Policy Martial Law was emerged to fight the nepotism
 of Decontrol declared by Marcos KBL. One such group were
Policy of Diosdado to suppress the was the Lakas ng Bayan rampant;
Macapagal; increasing civil (LABAN) founded in Foreign debt
At first, the discord and the 1978 by the opposition became
economy was threats of group headed by former higher and
doing well; communist Senator Benigno S. laws became
National income conquest. The Aquino, Jr. LABAN tougher;
increased under declaration was had a 21-man ticket in There was a
Presidential Decree initially granted by Metro Manila for the negative
Nos. 2 and 27; some sectors bit it 1978 IBP elections. The figure in
eventually became KBL candidates headed national
unpopular to the by Imelda R. Marcos income;
people and the prevailed in the Public funds
masses because of elections. were
the human rights corrupted and
abuses by the missing;
military. Economic
crisis;
He was
exiled in
Hawaii
during the
height of
EDSA I

G. C. Aquino There is a $26  DSWD 1987 Constitution - Democracy

billion foreign debt (Department of approved and enacted in was restored
incurred by her Social-Welfare and February 1987 - after the reign
predecessor, which Development) - crippled presidential of Ferndinand
has badly stained Formerly called power to declare martial Marcos and
theinternational DSSD/MSSD - law - proposed the the
credit standing and objectives are: 1) creation of autonomous declaration of
economic protection and regions in the the Martial
reputation of the rehabilitation of the Cordilleras and Muslim Law.
country. mentally and Mindanao - -restoration
physically disabled of the presidential form A series of
2) provide complete of government and the natural
services for the bicameral Congress. - disasters hit
needy 3) improve contain articles which the country
inhuman conditions include the rights of the such as the
• Generics law -The people -created to 1990
Generics Law of replace the 1973 earthquake,
1988 was hailed as a Constitution the eruption
landmark law that of Mt.
could benefit the Pinatubo, and
public but it has a series of
failed miserably, Typhoons.
due to: 1.) weak
support from doctors There have
2.)strong lobbying been many
by multinational
 drug companies
3.)and the health coup d’état
department’s attempts and
incompetence. uprisings.

Brownouts
were very
frequent and
would last for
about 12
hours.

H. Ramos  • Foreign Philippine 1.  • Energy Crisis

Investments from Centennial -On June -During the
Travel -Ramos was 12, 1998, the nation term of Ramos,
known as the most celebrated its he requested the
traveled Philippine centennial year of congress to
president in recent Independence from enact a law that
history. -He Spain. -One of the would plan and
generated about major projects of the manage the
$20B worth of commission was the Philippines’
foreign Expo Pilipino, a energy
investments to the grand showcase of demands. •
Philippines. • the Philippines' NIPAS -
Asian Tiger Cub growth as a nation National
Economy -The for the last 100 Integrated
countries part of years. • Clean and Protected Areas
this focused on Green Campaign - System. This
developing goods The program aims to was
for export to sustain cleanliness, implemented to
highly- beautification, and sustain the
industrialized sanitation in the city. environment
nations. -He approved the and to protect
adoption of the or conserve the
Integrated National country’s
Waste Management natural
System Framework. resources. •
• Peace Agreements Local
with MNLF -Ramos Government
was able to secure Code -He
major peace passed this act
agreements with to provide a
Muslim separatists, more
responsive and
accountable
local
government
structure
2. 14. ECONOMI
 C
ACHIEVEME
NTS • Foreign
Investments
from Travel -
Ramos was
known as the
most traveled
Philippine
president in
recent history. -
He generated

I. Estrada  Retail  New  Charter Change Estrada’s

Trade Securities agrarian
Liberalizat Act Under President Joseph reform was
ion Act (Republic Estrada, there was a for the
(Republic Act No. similar attempt to benefit of
Act No. 8799) change the 1987 those farmers
8762) constitution. The living in the
This law liberalizes process is termed as rural areas.
The bill dismantles the securities market CONCORD or CARP was
40 years of state by shifting policy Constitutional for the
protectionism over from merit Correction for benefit of
the country’s retail regulation to full Development. Unlike those farmers
trade industry and disclosure. With its Charter change under who do not
opens the sector to strengthened Ramos and Arroyo the own their
big foreign players. provisions against CONCORD proposal, own land. He
With the retail fraud, the measure is according to its distributed
trade liberalization, expected to pave the proponents, would only hectares of
well-known way for the full amend the ‘restrictive’ land to those
foreign players like development of the economic provisions of who are
France’s Carrefour Philippine equities the constitution that is landless.
and Casino Group and securities considered as impeding Farmers’
as well as the U.S.’ market. the entry of more Trust Fund
Wal-Mart and JC foreign investments was intended
Penney are already for those
in the process of farmers who
negotiating with have small
local partners. and medium
capital to
extend their
business into
a large scale
accessing
long term
loans from
the fund.
J. G.  Implementing a . Human • Making a Selection Among all of
Macapagal monetary policy in Development Committee to recruit a her projects
order to keep the Cabinet team who is and programs
 inflation rate low Services committed to the values including
while providing of the administration housing,
liquidity for • Improve health • Establishing health,
growth. care and education partnerships with the educational,
• Create new services for the civil society by agricultural,
micro-financing poor. involving people in development
guidelines so that governance. services and a
loans may be more Protection from • Opening up peace lot more, she
available to the Violence initiatives to address has only a
poor. threats specifically fraction of
• Banking reforms • Promote anti regarding the Muslim Filipinos, an
to promote poverty programs to rebels to make them estimated
transparency, vulnerable groups obey the law and list 5,000
enhanced including the them as soldiers in the beneficiaries
competition, children, women, war against poverty. who
financial soundness elderly, disabled and • Restoring the rule of benefited
and modernization refugees from law in order to fight from them
with the help of conflicts by handing crimes such as and showed
expanded foreign them the resources smuggling, kidnapping, support for
participation in they need to and corruption. them.
domestic banks. improve their lives.
• By joining hands • Conduct
with business to entrepreneurial and
strengthen livelihood
information and seminars/talks/traini
communications ngs for the rural
technology (ICT) workers, working
while encouraging women and union
rural industries. members.

K. B. Aquino The Sin Tax The passage of The Anti-Enforced or The

Reform Act, the Enhanced Basic Involuntary administratio
certified as urgent Education Act of Disappearance Act, the n launched a
by the President, 2013 places the first of its kind in Asia, handful of
restructures the country’s basic which ensures the projects to
excise tax on “sin” education preservation and eliminate
products such as curriculum on par protection of every poverty. This
alcohol and with international Filipino’s civil liberties is a good sign
tobacco. The added standards. The law, by criminalizing that the
revenue will help which introduces enforced administratio
fulfill the two additional years disappearances and the n is really
administration’s of basic education unlawful arrest of dedicated to
Universal Health and makes civilians; by instituting uplift the
Care agenda—by Kindergarten preventive measures; people who
funding the mandatory among and by providing a are suffering
expansion of five-year olds, mechanism for from poverty.
PhilHealth and the decongests the reparation and redress. Even though
provision of more education cycle— I already
medical assistance thus providing expect that
 and health students sufficient poverty will
enhancement time for mastery, not be
facilities across the and preparing eliminated in
country. It will graduates for tertiary the longevity
likewise support education, mid-level of his term,
the livelihood of skills development, since poverty
the country’s employment, and is very hard
tobacco farmers. entrepreneurship. K to eradicate,
The law represents to 12 is a fulfillment but the
the only tax on of President actions that
alcohol and Aquino’s long- the
tobacco products standing agenda to administratio
that would benefit make education the n has taken
both the central strategy for sets the
government and investing in the foundation.
the people in country’s most
making vice more important resource:
expensive and at the Filipino people.
the same time
raising more
money for health
services.
L. Duterte The Build Build Providing for the Amending Executive
Build Portal lists Establishment and Order No. 43 (s. 2011)
down high impact Support of Drug Entitled "Pursuing Our
projects that are Abuse Treatment Social Contract With
envisioned to and Rehabilitation the Filipino People
increase the Centers Throughout through the
productive capacity the Philippines Reorganization" to
of the economy, Designate the
create jobs, Approving and Department of National
increase incomes, Adopting the Defense Secretary as
and strengthen the Twenty-Five-Year the Chairperson of the
investment climate Long Term Vision Security, Justice and
leading to Entitled Ambisyon Peace Cluster
sustained inclusive Natin 2040 as Guide
growth. for Development Amending Further
Planning Executive Order No.
120 (s. 2012), as
Amended by Executive
Order No. 187 (s.
2015), on the
Bangsamoro Transition
Commission and for
Other Purposes
Part II. 

1.    Among the presidents of the country, who do you think is the most effective and great
President? Cut or get a picture of the president you admire and provide a short caption or
explanation why you admire him/her. 

Priority to Education. Giving the biggest allotment

to Education from the national budget. This includes
the Free Tuition Fee law and DepED receiving
budget increase. Even thought its not 100%
efficient, its well on its way. Education has been the
most neglected aspect of socio services even
thought its in our constitution to be the priority of
national budget.

Improved Geopolitical Relationship Relationship for

Peace and Economic benefits. De-escalation of
West Philippine Sea and converting China-
Philippines rivalry into economic merits for both
parties. The government still maintain the position
that China is incursing WPS, the Hague decision
will remain useless until Philippines is capable of expelling the Chinese and protecting it’s
Sovereign Rights (take note that its only Sovereign Rights, NOT Sovereignty.) but until then we
will remain as the underdog. The only way to benefit from this is to use the Hague decision as a
bargaining rights - to momentarily not contest WPS and Hague decision, but instead invest in the
Philippines. This brought peace in the region as well as inviting geopolitical power house to join
the investment spree in the Philippines with Japan leading the way.
Long Term Sustainable Economic Backbone through Infrastructure Development (Build. Build.
Build. ) Strong local economy (MSME’s) is the backbone of GDP and national economic
growth. But with poor infrastructure its very difficult to scale up a local business. For instance,
transport of vegetables from farm to the city property is costly primarily because there is lack of
farm to market roads. Some business cannot operate efficiently due to employees relying on poor
transportation such as jeepneys and broken down MRT - likewise, this causes the business to
operate expensively. As an archipelago, inter island is costly and inefficient disconnecting
businesses from region to region. The Build Build Build program is designed to fill that
GAP. For example, the 3rd Mactan Bridge will connect 2 economic powerhouse in the
Visayas. This will propel new heights as both provinces has so much to offer albeit the
disconnect. Manila Subway System, Mindanao Railway System, Cebu LRT Project and many
other big ticket projects are still far on its way. But even so, by the end of his term - the new
administration will inherit this infrastructures. Like how Duterte inherited the new Cebu
International Airport & Bohol International Airtport from the PNoy Administration.