Chapter 1

Dung Trinh, PhD HCMUT / 2019
Radio Communications Circuits
Trinh Xuan Dung

Department of Telecommunications Engineering
Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Ho Chi Minh city University of Technology
Dept. of Telecoms Engineering 1

Course Overview
Instructor: Trinh Xuan Dung, Ph.D.
Office: Department of Telecommunications Engineering - 114 B3
Telecommunications Lab – 209B1
Office Hours: Saturday 8:00-11:00 AM
E-mail: dung.trinh@hcmut.edu.vn
Website: http://dte.dee.hcmut.edu.vn/en/people/faculty/
Textbook and References:

[1] B. Razavi, “RF Microelectronics”, Upper Saddle River, Prentice Hall, Second Edition, 2012.
[2] T. Lee, “Design of CMOS RF Integrated Circuits,” Cambridge Uni. Press, 2nd Edition, 2004.
[3] J. Rogers, C. Plett, “Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design,” Artech House, 2nd Ed, 2010.
[4] F. Ellinger, RF Integrated Circuits and Technologies, Springer Verlag, 2008.
[5] Telecommunication Circuits And Technology, Andrew Leven.
Assessment
GRADING:
 Homework and Quiz: 20%
 Mid-term Exam: 30%
Closed book and One single-side A4 note sheet are allowed
 Final Exams: 50%
Closed book and One double-side A4 note sheet are allowed

Course Outline
COURSE OUTLINE:
 This course provides comprehensive knowledge on basic principles of high
frequency circuit designs and illustrate how such circuits are used in
communication systems. By the end of this course, students can be able to:
 Contents:
• Chapter 1: Review and Basic Concepts
• Chapter 2: Noise and Nonlinear Distortion
• Chapter 3: Modulation and Multiple Access
• Chapter 4: Passive Components, Resonators and Impedance Matching
• Chapter 5: Transceiver Architectures
• Chapter 6: Mixers - Frequency Conversion Circuits
• Chapter 7: Power Amplifiers
• Chapter 8: Oscillators and Frequency Synthesizers

Learning Outcomes
After completing the course, students should be able to:
 Understand constitute components of a radio communications system and
characteristics of various radio frequency (RF) transceiver architectures for
radio communications systems.
 Understand the basic concepts used for the design of radio communications
circuits.
 Understand effects of noise and nonlinearity distortion on RF systems and
system parameters such as noise figure, input/output referred noise, 1-dB
compression point, third-order intercept point, sensitivity and dynamic ranges.
 Understand analogue and digital modulation schemes and multiple access
techniques.
 Analyze and design electronic circuits for communication systems, including
LNA, Mixer, Power Amplifier, Oscillators and Frequency synthesizer.
 Read English textbook and to solve related problems.
 Work as a team to solve a given problem (team project).
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION TO RF
COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS
Trinh Xuan Dung, PhD

dung.trinh@hcmut.edu.vn
Department of Telecommunications
Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Ho Chi Minh city University of Technology

Wireless Communications Systems

 Wireless Communication Systems: A system allows the communication of
information between two points using Radio Waves.
 Radio waves are generated (then propagate) and received by antenna.

 The word radio refers to techniques that are used in transmitting and
receiving information or power in the atmosphere or free space, or in
transmission lines utilizing electromagnetic waves—so-called radio waves.
 Radio Waves ≡ Electromagnetic waves ≡ Radio Frequency (RF) signal.
 Radio waves propagate in a vacuum with the speed of light.
 Each radio wave is characterized by magnitude (power), frequency and phase.
 The radio waves are classified based on their frequencies or applications.

The field of radio frequency (RF) and microwave engineering generally covers the
behavior of AC signals with frequencies in the range of 300 KHz to 300 GHz.
 RF signals : 300 KHz to 3 GHz Wave length: 1 Km – 0.1m
 Microwave signals: 3 Ghz – 300 GHz Wave length: 0.1m – 1mm
 Millimeter-wave signals: 30 GHz – 300 GHz Wave length: 10 mm – 1mm

ISM: Industrial, scientific and medical

DBS: Direct broadcast satellite

 Major Worldwide Cellular and PCS Telephone Systems


 A typical communication system can be partitioned into a transmitter, a channel, and a
receiver.
 In this course we will study the circuits that interface from the channel to the
receiver/transmitter. These circuits are at the “front-end'” of the transceiver and operate
at high frequency : TX Front-End and RX Front-End
Transmitter
Front-End
Receiver
Front-End


 Modulation refers to a process of turning information into (electrical) signals which are
suitable for transmission.
TX: Drive antenna with RX: Sense small signal

high power level (amplify with low noise)

Receiver Architecture - Hyterodyne

 “Heterodyning is a radio signal processing technique popularized by Canadian inventor-
engineer Reginald Fessenden in 1901, in which new frequencies are created by combining
or mixing two frequencies.”
 “The two frequencies are combined in a nonlinear signal-processing device such as a
vacuum tube, transistor, or diode, usually called a mixer. In the most common application,
two signals at frequencies f1 and f2 are mixed, creating two new signals, one at the sum f1
+ f2 of the two frequencies, and the other at the difference f1 − f2. These new frequencies
are called heterodynes. Typically only one of the new frequencies is desired, and the other
signal is filtered out of the output of the mixer.”
f1 + f2
f1
f1 − f2
f2

Receiver Architecture - Superhyterodyne

 Move the incoming RF signal to a much lower frequency for detection
• It is easier to build detectors at lower frequencies
• It is easier have gain at lower frequencies
• Gain can also be distributed across different frequencies to avoid oscillation
• Great performance

 Block diagram with a more modern look

 Block diagram with a more modern look

Integrated Circuits
Jack Kilby, 1958

How many transistors?
Intel i7 3.4 GHz, 2019

How many transistors?

RF/Microwave Integrated Circuits

 In a similar way as you put digital logic into the form of
an IC, RF and microwave circuits can also be integrated.
 Both silicon and more exotic materials are used.
• GaAs, mature, high frequencies.
• GaN, emerging, high power.
• InP, maturing, extremely high freq.
• Silicon, mature, low/high power, low cost, high
frequency.
 Today’s silicon IC technologies are extremely fast
• Consider, your Intel i7s are running at a clock rate
of close to 4 GHz; that’s higher than the RF carrier
frequency of your cellphones; also higher than the
high power microwaves in a microwave oven.
• 65nm CMOS transistor can now generate
frequencies up to 300 GHz (over 1,000 GHz if
harmonics are used).

RF/Microwave System on Chip

Complete wireless
communication transceiver on
a single chip
Complete radar system

on a single chip, even
with the antenna

Realization of RF/Microwave Systems

 PCBs with Integrated Circuits (IC)
 RF IC suppliers
• Skyworks
• Analog Devices
• RFMD
• Freescale
Skyworks Analog Devices
• Triquint
• Hittite Microwave
• …

Realization of RF/Microwave Systems

 With discrete transistors (RF/Microwave PCB):


Receive
Transmit


Block diagram of the CC1020 IC – Texas Instrument


2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4 / ZigBee-ready RF Transceiver


RADAR SYSTEMS
Transmit
Receive

IWR1642 77GHz FMCW Radar EVM


Vector Network Anayzer Spectrum Analyzer


IWR1642 77GHz FMCW Radar EVM

Q&A

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Dung Trinh, PhD HCMUT / 2019

Radio Communications Circuits

Trinh Xuan Dung

Dept. of Telecoms Engineering 1

Textbook and References:

Dept. of Telecoms Engineering 3

Dept. of Telecoms Engineering 4

Trinh Xuan Dung, PhD

Dept. of Telecoms Engineering 6

Wireless Communications Systems

 Radio waves are generated (then propagate) and received by antenna.

Wireless Communications Systems

Dept. of Telecoms Engineering 8

Wireless Communications Systems

ISM: Industrial, scientific and medical

Wireless Communications Systems

Dept. of Telecoms Engineering 10

Wireless Communications Systems

Dept. of Telecoms Engineering 11

Wireless Communications Systems

TX: Drive antenna with RX: Sense small signal

Dept. of Telecoms Engineering 12

Receiver Architecture - Hyterodyne

Dept. of Telecoms Engineering 13

Receiver Architecture - Superhyterodyne

Dept. of Telecoms Engineering 14

Receiver Architecture - Superhyterodyne

 Block diagram with a more modern look

Dept. of Telecoms Engineering 15

Receiver Architecture - Superhyterodyne

 Block diagram with a more modern look

Dept. of Telecoms Engineering 16

Jack Kilby, 1958

Intel i7 3.4 GHz, 2019

Dept. of Telecoms Engineering 17

RF/Microwave Integrated Circuits

Dept. of Telecoms Engineering 18

RF/Microwave System on Chip

Complete radar system

Dept. of Telecoms Engineering 19

Realization of RF/Microwave Systems

Dept. of Telecoms Engineering 20

Realization of RF/Microwave Systems

Dept. of Telecoms Engineering 21

Wireless Communications Systems

Dept. of Telecoms Engineering 22

Wireless Communications Systems

Dept. of Telecoms Engineering 23

Wireless Communications Systems

Dept. of Telecoms Engineering 24

Wireless Communications Systems

Wireless Communications Systems

Dept. of Telecoms Engineering 26

Wireless Communications Systems

Dept. of Telecoms Engineering 27

Wireless Communications Systems

Dept. of Telecoms Engineering 28

Dept. of Telecoms Engineering 29

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