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HOMEOSTASIS EXERCISE

1 Fig 1 shows the temperature of a human being and the environment over a period of 24
hours.

(a) Describe what happens to the human temperature as the environment temperature
changes. (1)

(b) Name the organ that is responsible for coordinating temperature regulation. (1)

(c) Using information from the graph, explain how the skin would have helped to
regulate the body temperature at 1200 hours.(3)

2 (a) Define homeostasis. (1)

(b) Fig 2 shows a section through the human skin.

(i) State one function each of structures X and Y. (2)

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(ii) Describe the changes which would occur in structure Z during a hot and
windy day.(3)
(iii) Explain how shivering helps the body during cold conditions(2)

3 Fig 3 shows blood vessels in the skin

When a person carries out vigorous exercise, there is change in the capillary in the skin.
(a) On fig 3 show how the capillary would change if vigorous exercise is carried out
(1)
(b) Explain how the change you have shown helps in regulating body temperature (2)
(c) Describe the role of the following skin structures in cooling the body
(i) Hair (2)
(ii) sweat glands (2)
(iii) receptors (2)

4 Fig 4 shows the effects of exercise (A) an immersion in cold water (B) on human body
temperature
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(a) Which blood vessels control blood flow to the skin capillaries? (1)
(b) Explain the changes in line A between 5th and 20th minute. (2)
(c) Describe the changes in the skin which helped to return the temperature to normal
in line B. (4)
(d) State the term which describes the maintenance of body ‘constant internal
environment. (1)
Fig 5 shows the relationship between external and internal temperatures for a lizard and
mammal, such as a cat.

(a) Describe what happens to the body temperature of the lizard as the external
temperatures drops from 20oC to 10oC. (2)
(b) Describe and explain the mechanisms that help to keep the body temperature of
the mammal constant when the external temperature drops from 20oC to 10oC. (4)
(c) Suggest why the movement of the lizard becomes slower when the external
temperature drops from 20oC to 10oC. (2)
(d) If glucose concentration in the blood rises above its normal concentration, insulin
is secreted to bring the concentration back to normal.
(i) Suggest one explanation for a rise in the concentration of glucose in the
blood.(1)
(ii) Name the organ that secretes insulin (1)
(iii) Describe the role played by the liver in bringing the concentration of
glucose in the blood back to normal. (2)