GRADE 10 UNIT 5

Unit 5 | INVENTIONS
A PRONUNCIATION
1 Put the stress mark (') on the following compound nouns and noun groups.
1. Greenhouse Green house
2. Blackboard Black board
3. Dark room Darkroom
4. Mobile person Mobile phone
5. Stone age Stone building
6. Hotdog Hot tea
7. Summer clothes Summertime
2 Practice saying the following sentences. Pay attention to the stress.
1. Eventhough it's cold outside, the vegetables can still grow in this greenhouse.
2. I want a whiteboard not a blackboard.
3. This dark room is scary.
4. Can I borrow your mobile phone?
5. The stone building is the strangest building on this street.
6. Would you like some hot tea?
7. I love the weather in summertime.
8. Look at that green house next to the blue one!
9. I love to eat hotdogs at barbeque parties.
10. Now that it's getting warmer, I need to buy some summer clothes.
B VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
1 Match each word to its definition. Then, fill in the table.
1. To create a. make or design something that did not exist before
2. To invent b. find something out by chance, study or inquiry
3. To discover c. make something happen or exist
4. To find out d. find something that already exists
5. To inspire e. encourage someone to do something
1c-2a-3b-4d-5e

Verb Noun Adjective Person

create creation creative creator

invent invention inventive inventor

discover discovery discoverable discoverer

inspire inspiration inspirational inspirator

3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.
generous portable economical versatile brainstorm
infectious patent principle inspire imitate
1. Her success in medicine patent me to work hard and become a doctor some day.
2. He has a small, economical car. It doesn't cost him a lot of money to buy fuel each month.

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3. He took out a inspire for mass production of the drug and saved many lives.
4. This is a very versatile printer. It not only prints but also scans and photocopies.

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5. In North America, businesses operate on 'The customer is always right' principle .
6. She was generous with the prize money she won. She gave most of it to charity.
7. The teacher gave us 5 minutes to brainstorm ideas before asking us to give answers.
8. The monkey at the zoo imitate my every move.
9. I love my new laptop because it's lightweight and portable . It's very easy to carry around.
10. Be careful during flu season because it is highly infectious .

3 Complete the sentences with the Present Perfect of the verbs in brackets.
1. People (enjoy) balloons as toys and decoration since they were invented in 1824 by
Professor Michael Faraday for use in his experiments with hydrogen.
2. Students (stick) things with glue since 1750. By the way this glue was made from fish.
3. People (use) scotch tape since it was invented in 1930 by engineer Richard Drew.
4. People (be) safer with the air bag that was offered in the 1973Chevrolet car.
5. People (drive) cars since 1885 when Karl Benz, a German mechanical engineer, designed
and built the world's first practical automobile.
6. Students, and other people, (write) with a pen since 1938when it was invented by Ladislao
Biro.
7. Adam is full. He (finish) his lunch.
8. We (not/do) the test on modern day inventions this week.
9. Huyen (clean) her bedroom yet?
10. The teacher (just/correct) all the tests.
11. Emily and Anne (eat) breakfast yet?
12. My neighbour (not/water) the plants yet.
13. the students (go) to an school trip this year?
14. I'm tired and I (not/ finish) the essay on the invention of the compasss yet.
15. your brother (pass) the Math test?
16. Jim (not/write) a letter yet.
17. " you (see) my glasses anywhere?" "No, I ."
18. Mariah (just/open) the window.
19. John and Peter (not/learn) French yet.
20. " you (read) the story of how the airplane was invented?"
"Yes, we ."

4 Complete the sentences with ever, just or yet.

1. I haven't been to the library .
2. Has she passed an exam?
3. They have finished the test.
4. They haven't received their test scores .
5. Will hasn't started school .
6. Has the trainer had any time off?
7. Have you finished your homework before 8 o'clock?
8. Has your mum cooked Chinese food?
9. I've finished the Biology project.
10. Has your mum travelled abroad?
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11. Samantha hasn't cleaned the studio .

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12. Have you done the homework ?
13. Mom's called me.
14. Have you met a famous person?
15. I haven't bought the groceries .

3 Complete the sentences with the to-infinitive or gerund form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Matches are used for (light) fires.
2. He went to the park (relax).
3. This knife is used for (cut) grapefruit.
4. We stopped at the shop (get) some magazines.
5. The speakers are for (play) music.
6. I made a cake (practise) baking.
7. I want (go) out tonight.
8. He thanked everyone for (come).
9. She went home (study).
10. They apologised for (be) late.
11. Nails, which was one of humankind's greatest inventions, are used (build) things.
12. She came to the library (read).
13. We rewarded the children for (study) hard.
14. He promised (help) me. (come).
15. They went to Paris (learn) French.
16. The pen is for (write).
17. In the past, sea voyagers used a compass (navigate) the oceans.
18. We use the Internet (search) for information.
19. The vacumn is for (clean) the floors.
20. The clock is for (tell) time.

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3 Read the following text about the discovery of penicillin. Fill in the blanks with the correct form
of the words in brackets.

Penicillin is a (1) occurring substance, which is why we credit Sir (NATURE)

Alexander Fleming with discovering rather than inventing it. And to be (2)
correct, he re-discovered it three decades after a French medical student (ABSOLUTE)
first made note of it.
And, what's more, the (3) came after Fleming left a petri dish out in the (DISCOVER)
lab by accident!
In 1928, Fleming noticed that a blue-green mould had contaminated another
specimen in the lab and that bacteria on the dish were being (4) . He (DISSOLVE)
experimented with the mould and found that it killed a number of disease-causing
bacteria. He named it penicillin and published his (5) in 1929.
Despite this great discovery, penicillin wasn't (6) used straight away. (FIND)
After undergoing (7) trials in 1943, it was first used on a large scale (WIDE)
during World War Two to treat wounded soldiers. It wasn't until 1948 that Andrew (CLINIC)
J Moyer, one of the scientists responsible for this progress, was granted a patent for
a method for penicillin mass (8) .
In 1945, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded (9) (PRODUCE)
to Sir Alexander Fleming, Ernst Boris Chain and Sir Howard Walter Florey, (JOIN)
"for
the discovery of penicillin and its (10) effect in various infectious
diseases". (CURE)
C READING

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1 Read the following text about a suitcase invention. Then, answer the questions.
Don't you get sick and tired of dragging your suitcase around the airport? Well, this ingenious
invention has your problems solved and a few heads turning as well.
This motorised, drivable suitcase has come from the brilliant mind of farmer-turned- inventor He Liang-
Ky from China.
The three wheeled suitcase can reach up to 20 kilometres per hour (12
miles per hour) and has a battery life of 6 hours, and it can be simply
plugged into the wall to charge. The speedy luggage is even fitted with a
GPS system, horn and burglar alarm.
"I'm quite positive about the invention's future development. Why?
First, it's easy to carry. Secondly, it will be sold at a low price. Thirdly, it
will solve some problems that our country is facing, such as heavy traffic,
parking problems, and finally, I think it won't cause any environmental pollution nor noise pollution."
He said inspiration for his idea came when watching tired travellers struggle to carry their heavy
luggage.
"The future prospects of this thing will be very good. The thing is really practical for people both
traveling and working. It's both a piece of luggage as well as a tool for transportation. You can use it
frequently when leaving work."
The suitcase scooter will hopefully be selling for between 4,000 and 30,000 Chinese Yuan (644 to
4,830 US Dollars).
(Text retrieved from: https://goo.gl/76cZCk)
1. Match each word/phrase from the text with its definition.
i. drag a. insert into a power supply
ii. ingenious b. an thing that makes a loud, warning sound
iii. head turning c. possibility of something happening
iv. plug d. warning sound or device to scare thieves
v. horn e. pull along forcefully, roughly, or with difficulty
vi. burglar alarm f. extremely noticeable
vii. struggle g. have difficulty doing something
viii. prospect h. clever and inventive
Decide if each statement is True or False.
2. True/False You can drive the suitcase on the streets.
3. True/False The inventor of the suitcase used to work as a farmer.
4. True/False The fastest you can drive the suitcase is 12 km/hour.
5.True/False You need to change the batteries every 6 hours.
6. True/False There is a GPS system in the suitcase.
7. True/False Burglars can never steal this suitcase.
8. True/False The inventor is optimistic about his invention.
9. True/False The suitcase will solve all pollution problems in China.
10. True/False You can find this suitcase on the market right now.
2 Read the following text about cool Japanese robots. Then, answer the questions.
Japan held its biggest tech exhibition recently. Companies showed
off their latest inventions and robots.
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There was a table tennis robot which you can play ping pong with. It
uses motion tracking to see the ball and serve it.
If you like personal robots, there was an interesting one for this. One
company showed a new robot which knows sign language. But if you
want something really cool, you'll probably love the robot dinosaur. It is a giant T-Rex. You can even
control it with your mobile phone.
(Text retrieved from: https://goo.gl/Mktqvc)

1. Who showcased their robotic inventions at the exhibition?

A. Universities
B. Businesses
C. The government
2. Read paragraph 2. What do think the table tennis robot does when it uses "motion tracking"?
A. It watches how you move.
B. It sees your face.
C. It catches the ball.
3. What is true about the robot dinosaur?
A. It is very small.
B. It knows how to use sign language.
C. You can use your phone to make it move.
3 Read the following text about horse-boarding. Then, answer the questions.
A Russian man wanted a new sport to try, as he was looking for new
and exciting ways to get a thrill. He tried using a car, a motorcycle and a
snowmobile as new methods of snowboarding, but the vehicles could not
get into the areas that he wanted to go.
Then he tried the same idea with horses and pioneered horse-boarding.
People tie themselves to horses that then drag them through the snow.
The horse-boarders do not plan to make money off of their invention
yet. For now, it is just horsing about!
(Text retrieved from: https://goo.gi/2CKDCf)
1. Why did the Russian man want to invent a new sport?

2. Before trying snowboarding with horses, what issues did he have with the vehicles?

3. What is horse-boarding?

4. What do you think "horsing about" means?

4 Read the following text about the invention of jeans. Then, answer the questions.
Young people all around the world have many things in common:
their music, their languages, their ideas. However, there is nothing more
universal than jeans. Jeans are not a p rivilege of modern generations. In
the 15th century , the sailors from Genoa were the first to wear heavy
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cotton pants. They needed those durable and practical cotton pants to
work on their ships. Our modern term Jeans comes from Genoese sailors.
Later, during the Gold Rush, Levi Strauss arrived in California with a
roll of heavy canvas under his arm. He created the blue jeans and made a
fortune. Until World War II, blue jeans were popular among farmers and cowboys, construction workers
and people in the country and small towns of the United States.
In the forties, some artists and young people wore blue jeans because they were practical, cheap and a
kind of political protest. Then came the fifties with Marlon Brando, James Dean and motorcycle movies.
Jeans became a synonym of "bad" and schools banned them. In the sixties, jeans became very popular not
only in the USA but all over the world. They were a symbol of youth.
Today, however, they are no longer a privilege of a generation or a class: everybody wears jeans.
(Text retrieved from: https://goo.gl/dKftRu)
1. True/False Jeans are a privilege of modern generations.
2. True/False The Genoese sailors needed durable and practical pants to work on
their ships.
3. True/False Levi-Strauss invented the blue jeans.
4. True/False In the fifties motorcycles movies were banned from school.
5. True/False In the sixties jeans were a symbol of youth.
6. True/False Today jeans are a symbol of a class.
7. True/False Artists wore blue jeans.
8. True/False Genoese sailors arrived in California during the Gold Rush.
9. True/False Girls wore blue jeans in the fifteenth century.
10.True/False Jeans are something young people have in common.
11. Genoese sailors wore .
A. sneakers and black leather jackets
B. cotton pants to work
C. blue jeans before World War II
12. Only farmers, workers and cowboys wore .
th
A. blue jeans in the 15 century
B. practical pants to work on their ships
C. blue jeans until World War II
13. Artists wore .
A. jeans as a kind of political protest
B. cotton pants to work
C. a roll of heavy canvas
14. In the fifties jeans were a symbol of .
A. youth
B. political protest
C. " bad"
15. Jeans, .
A. are a privilege of young people
B. are not a privilege of modern generations
C. are a privilege of sailors

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D WRITING
1 Rewrite the sentences so that they mean exactly the same as the sentences before them, using the
words in the brackets.
1. She's never been to a pottery museum before. (first time)

2. The accident made it impossible for her to work. (since)

3. It's been two days since Alice saw Tom. (yet)

4. I'm not hungry. I ate something on my way home. (already)

5. You've missed the bus. It left two minutes ago. (just)

6. I remember coming to this restaurant last year. (before)

7. Is this your first time at the opera? (ever)

8. You're too late. The film began at half past nine. (already)

9. The last time I had a cold was in October. (since)

10. Carlos took up a new hobby two days ago. (recently)

2 Look at the notes about one of mankind's first invention: the wheel. Then, read the sample text
that describes this invention.

Invention: the wheel

Inventor: unknown
Date of invention: 3100 B.C.
Place of invention: unknown - the oldest wheel and axle found in Slovenia
Uses: tens of thousands of uses, including:
- transportation of goods: attached to horse-drawn chariots and carts; faster and more efficient
- water wheels: power mills
- gears and cogs: allowed ancient cultures to create complex machines
- modern technology centrifuges used in chemistry and medical research, electric motors and combustion
engines, jet engines, power plants, etc.
The wheel is an invention so ancient that we have no way of knowing who first developed it. The
oldest wheel and axle mechanism we've found was near Slovenia, and dates to roughly 3100 B.C.The
wheel made the transportation of goods much faster and more efficient, especially when affixed to horse-
drawn chariots and carts. Tens of thousands of other inventions require wheels to function, from water
wheels that power mills to gears and cogs that allowed even ancient cultures to create complex machines.
A huge amount of modern technology still depends on the wheel, like centrifuges used in chemistry and
medical research, electric motors and combustion engines, jet engines, power plants and countless
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others.
Now, look at the notes of another Important invention, the airplane. Using these notes, write a text
describing this invention.

Invention: the airplane

Inventor. Orville and Wilbur Wright (brothers)
Date of invention: 1903
Place of invention: America
Benefits:
- transport goods and people quicker, over large distances
- safe and convenient
- allow more cultural exchanges

- promote business and globalisation

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