ENERGY

Energy – The ability to

do work
How is energy involved in
the following picture?

The tennis player does work

On her racket
The racket does work on the
ball
The ball does work on the
net
 STATES OF ENERGY
1. Kinetic - The energy of motion,
when energy is being
transferred.
The faster the motion, the more kinetic
energy it has. The bigger the mass, the more
Kinetic energy it has.
Depends on mass and velocity
Increase Mass Increase K.E.
Increase Velocity Increase K.E.
Why would a high speed collision
cause more damage than a low
speed collision?
 STATES OF ENERGY
2. Potential - Stored Energy or energy
that is waiting to be
transferred.
-Object is not moving or doing work.
BUT… the shape or position of the object
can change the amount of potential energy.
-When work is done on an object,
potential energy is stored.
-Has the ability to turn into kinetic energy.
 What type of energy does each
Picture demonstrate?

Kinetic – When you Swing hammer

Potential

Potential Kinetic
 The Roller Coaster

http://www.ohiomathworks.org/themeparks/coastequation.gif
7 Forms of Energy
 FORMS OF ENERGY
1. Mechanical – Energy associated with
motion, anything moving.
POTENTIAL OR KINETIC

Examples of mechanical energy

 FORMS OF ENERGY
2. Thermal – Heat Energy
Is Kinetic
Results from friction, causes temperature
and phase changes, ALL OTHER TYPES of
energy TURN INTO THIS.

Solid to Liquid Liquid to Gas

 FORMS OF ENERGY
3. Chemical – Energy that is released as a result
of molecular bonds being broken.
A Form of Potential Energy

Examples: All forms of fuel (gasoline,

coal, wood, food, radioactive materials)
Photosynthesis, batteries.
 What are examples of
Chemical Energy in this picture?
1. Wood Burning; chemical energy
stored in the wood is used to toast
your marshmallows

2. Chemical energy is stored in the

marshmallow’s sugar molecules.

3. Food intake for the living beings.

 FORMS OF ENERGY

4. Electrical Energy – Energy of moving

electrons. Is
always kinetic.

The electrical outlets

in your home allow
you to use electrical
energy
 FORMS OF ENERGY
5. Sound – Caused by an object’s vibrations.
Can also be considered
mechanical.
Is potential and kinetic

Example: Guitar Strings

Vibrating
Is potential and kinetic
6. Light – Produced by the vibrations of
electrically charged particle that are
visible. Is kinetic.

LIGHT IS
ELECTROMAGNETIC
ENERGY
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Other Examples of Electromagnetic Energy

Microwave Infrared

Radio Waves X-Rays

 FORMS OF ENERGY
7. Nuclear – energy associated with changes
in the nucleus of an atom.
Is potential.
Examples:

Sun’s Energy Nuclear Power Plant

WHICH FORM OF ENERGY IS REPRESENTED
IN EACH PICTURE?
Energy is that "certain something" inside stuff (or
matter to be more precise) that makes everything
happen. When something or somebody moves or
jumps or falls or explodes or breathes or thinks or
dances or does anything, it's because energy is
being transformed.
 SIMPLE
ENERGY CONVERSIONS
A change from one form of energy to
another is called an energy conversion.

Any form of energy can be converted

Into any other form of energy.
CHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSIONS
1. Chemical energy in food is converted to ………
2. Mechanical energy when you are moving,
3. Heat as a result of the movement to maintain
body temperature (homeostasis)

I think
therefore
I convert
energy

Chemical → mechanical → thermal (heat)

Lighting: electrical→light→heat

Most of the energy is converted

to heat. Only a small
percentage of the original
energy is converted into light
energy. Heat causes the air to
move very rapidly which in turn
causes sound.
 Electrical Energy Conversions
All electrical appliances are converting
electricity.
Name several examples of electrical
conversions.
MECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSIONS
Movement causes friction which
causes heat. Mechanical can turn into
mechanical again.
THERE HAS TO BE AN ENERGY CHANGE TO MAKE
THINGS HAPPEN!
ENERGY CONVERSIONS
 CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

The Law of Conservation of Energy states

that when one form of energy is converted into
another form of energy, no energy is destroyed
in the process.
Energy cannot be Created or Destroyed.
Energy Resources – a natural resource that can
be converted into energy for use by humans.
Two Types of Energy Resources:

Renewable & Nonrenewable

 Renewable Resource – an energy resource
that can be replaced in a short amount of time.

WATER
SOLAR

WIND
GEOTHERMAL BIOMASS
Nonrenewable Resources – cannot be replaced
after use or takes millions of years to replace.

Fossil Fuels – energy resources that are

formed from plants and animals that
lived millions of years ago
Non-renewable Resources – Fossil Fuel

Natural Gas

Coal

Petroleum
(Oil)
 COMPLEX
ENERGY CONVERSIONS
Many simple energy conversions put
together.
Converting energy from the sun to
make it available for use at your home.
 Complex Energy Conversions
All energy originates (starts) with the
SUN!!!!
HOW CAN WE MAKE ENERGY FROM THE SUN
USEABLE????

The energy conversions involved with the sun are:

Nuclear → light → thermal (heat)

How can we use the light energy given from the sun on
earth?
 FOSSIL FUEL ENERGY TRANSFER
Plants die
Become coal

Nuclear to
Light to Chemical Chemical
Light
Chemical To Chemical

Electrical
Burn the
Mechanical Coal – Chemical
tothermal
Electromagnetic (light) (turn turbines) Power plant
 ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONVERSIONS

Nuclear to
Thermal Mechanical to
Thermal to
Mechanical
Mechanical

Electrical
Electrical to
Heat
Pretty
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