BASICS OF HVAC

A LECTURE BY:

AR.SHANKAR GIRI
Assistant Professor
(B. Arch & M.Arch, BPUT)
HVAC Brief Description:
• HVAC stands for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning.

• This system controls the indoor environment namely-

Temperature, Humidity, Air Flow and Air Filtering.

• Mechanical intervention to the condition the air to a preferred

temperature and relative humidity.
Human Comfort:
• Condition in which most people are likely to feel comfortable
most of the time.

• Also called as THERMAL COMFORT.

• Temperature: Summers- 25°C and Winter - 20°C

• Relative Humidity- 30% to 60%

Major Components of Air Conditioning System
1. Compressor:
• this component is the heart of the system.
• Pump Refrigerant & oil through system.
• Separates the high pressure side of the system from the
low pressure side.
• If it fails, cooling stops.

2. Condenser:
• condenser coil is what gets rid of the heat in the
system.
• Can be water cooled or air cooled.
Major Components of Air Conditioning System
1. Evaporator:
• provides cooled air to the space.
• Located after the system air filters.
• Removes moisture from air.
• Traps inside the dust/dirt in filters, so requires regular
maintenance.

2. Evaporator Fan:
• located behind or in front of the evaporator coil.
• Draws ambient and mix air across evaporator coil.

3. Thermal Expansion Valve:

• Located at the evaporator coil.
• Provides the correct amount of refrigerant to the
evaporator coil for proper cooling.
• Separates the high pressure side of the system from low
pressure side.
Units of Refrigeration:
TR: 1 TR is amount of heat to be extracted from the
atmosphere for melting one metric ton of ice in 24 Hours.

1TR: 12000 BTU(BRITISH THERMAL UNIT)/HR

1 TR: 3000 KCAL/HR = 50 KCAL/MIN

STEPS OF SELECTING THE SYSTEM:
• Calculation of cooling load requirement.

• Selection of techno-economical system.

• Equipment selection.

• Designing air distribution system.

• Designing water distribution system.

• Designing refrigerant distribution system.

• Evaluation of the system to be used.

FACTORS TO CONSIDER DURING COOLING LOAD REQUIREMENT:
• Building detailed layout.
• Use of space.
• Physical dimension of the space.
• Indoor room design condition.
• Filtration level required.
• Ambient condition.
• Glass area exposed to sun.
• Occupancy.
• Lighting load.
• Equipment load.
• Fresh air requirement.
• Infiltration of outside air.
FACTORS AFFECTING SYSTEM SELECTION:
• Budget of the client.
• Need/ requirement of the client.
• Use of space.
• Outside condition.
• Floor layout.
• Location and dimensions of the beams and columns.
• Power availability.
• Space availability.
• And many more…………
A.H.U. (AIR HANDLING UNIT)
A.H.U. (AIR HANDLING UNIT)
A.H.U. (AIR HANDLING UNIT)
DUCTABLE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM IN A MEDIUM SCALE
BUILDING:
DUCTABLE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM IN A LARGE SCALE
BUILDING:
LAYOUT:

SHAFT
SHAFT
LAYOUT
THANK YOU.