CHAPTER II – Rhyme, Repetition, Tone

and Mood

LESSON 1
R h ym e an d R ep etitio n in P o etry

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Scan poetic lines to identify repeated
sounds and words.
Discuss how rhyming and repetition of sounds,
words, and phrases affect the feeling of the
poem.

BEFORE READING

A Poem by Jose Rizal (translated by Mauro Mendez)

ABOUT THE POEM

The poem is an expression of one’s sense of nation. It speaks of the

Filipino youth as the hope of his motherland.

MAKE CONNECTIONS

Have you ever done something that made a change in your school or
community? How would you describe the experience?

-When I was in my fourth year of high school, I may have done something
to help make a small difference in our school, such as teaching lower year
students how to properly segregate trash and garbage, and I am also a member
of a club that caters outreach programs, so when other students learned that we

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were doing such programs, they encouraged others to join our club, and thus we
were able to help more people.

ANALYZE LITERATURE: Rhyme and Repetition

Poems have a musicality to them. They are meant to be

read aloud to hear the sound, the rhythm, and the rhyme.
Repetition in poetry can refer to the repetition of syllables,
sounds, words, or phrases. Repetition in sounds, such as rhyming
and in syllables, such as rhythm, help to create a flow throughout
the poem. Repetition of words and phrases helps the poet to
emphasize an important aspect of the poem. Often times, when
phrases are repeated, it creates a more emotional experience for
the reader.

Repetition of Single Sounds

 Alliteration is the repetition of the same consonant sounds at the

beginning of words near each other.
E.g. “Sleep gently my dear Amira
Sleep snugly in your crib
Grow gently
Into the raging rains
Mind not the rushing of my tears”—Mae Monteclaro Roca,
“Lullaby for Amira”

 Assonance is the repetition of the same vowel sound in words near

each other.
E.g. “I never meant the words I said,
So trouble not your honest head.”—Angela Manalang-Gloria, “Words”

 Consonance is the repetition of the same consonant sounds

typically within or at the end of words.
E.g. “Huwag kang iibig nang dahil sa pilak
pilak ay may pakpak
dagling lumilipad
pag iniwan ka na, ikaw’y maghihirap.”—Jose Corazon de Jesus,
“Sa Pamilihan Ng Puso”

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  Rhyme is the repetition of similar sounds in two or more words. It
can occur at the end of a line, called end rhyme, or it can occur in the
middle of the line, called internal rhyme. Rhyme Scheme is the pattern of
rhyme form that ends a stanza or a poem. The rhyme scheme is
designated by the assignment of a different letter of the alphabet to each
new rhyme

E.g. “Ikaw baga’y daing ng nakaligtaan? - a

Ikaw baga’y hibik ng pinagtaksilan? - a
Matutulog ako sa gabing kadimlan -a
ay umuukilkil hanggang panagimpan.”- a
—Jose Corazon de Jesus, “May Mga Tugtuging Hindi Ko Malimot”

“I never meant the words I said -a

So trouble not your honest head -a
And never mean the words I write -b
But come and kiss me now goodnight”- b
—Angela Manalang-Gloria, “Words”

Repetition of Words

“Don’t Mr. Jacobson,

Don’t say you’ve found
Paradise in my country,”— Romulo P. Baquiran, Jr.,
“My Country’s No Paradise, Mr. Jacobson

“Huwag kang iibig nang dahil sa pilak

pilak ay may pakpak
dagling lumilipad”—Jose Corazon de Jesus, “Sa Pamilihan Ng Puso”

Repetition of Sentences or Phrases

“It was not love-why should I love you?-

It was not folly, for I was wise,
Yet when you looked at me, your looking
Opened a kingdom to my eyes,

It was not love, it was not folly,

I have no name to know it by,
I only know one shining instant
You held my earth, you held my sky.”—Angela Manalang-Gloria,
“To Don Juan”

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USE READING SKILLS: Scan for Repetition

When you scan a text, you quickly move your eyes over a page or section to find
words, patterns, or information. Before reading, scan the poem for repeated
sounds, words and phrases. Complete the Repetition Chart below with the word
and phrase and where it appears in the line or stanza. After reading, fill in the
third column with the effect that the repetition has on the meaning of the poem.
An example is provided.

Repetition Chart

Repeated Sound, Where it Appears Effect/ Possible

Word, or Phrase Meaning

Youth -In the title, at the beginning -Younger generations that is

of the first stanza, and in the capable enough to make a
third line of the third stanza. change. It makes an
emphasis on the main
audience which is the youth
and the Filipino people.

profound -Last word of the first line in
proudly the first stanza, fourth word
unbound in second line in the first
stanza, and last word in
third line in the first stanza.
-He gives a feeling of being a
whole as person. That
nothing in this world can
break you apart.

-Last word of the second -He gives an emotion that

Stand line in the first stanza, and you should never forget
Motherland the last word in the fourth where you came from and
line in the first stanza. be honored by it.

-Last word of the first line in
unconfined the second stanza, and the
Mind last word of the fourth line
in the second stanza.
-He offers the readers the
ability to think by their own
decision in their life
whether they choose to risk
it or to play it dead.

-Last word of the second -He gives the readers a hope

supreme line in the second stanza, to dream whatever they
Dream and the last word of the want to be disregarding any
third line in the second barriers in life.
stanza.

art -Last word of the second -He empathizes throughout

Heart line in the third stanza,
and the last word of the
fourth line in the third
stanza.
the poem to follow your
heart and be creative to
everything that you do
especially in solving
problems in the community.

With -Second word of the first
line in the third stanza,
and the first word of the
second line in the third
Stanza.
-You are not alone in this
battle and no matter how
far you will go the people
near you will always be
beside you.

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 DURING READING

A Poem by Jose Rizal (translated by Mauro Mendez)

1
Raise, Youth, that brow profounda, a Note the Facts

2
This day, and proudly stand, b Read lines 1-4. To whom is the
speaker of the poem talking?
3
Resplendentb and unboundc, a
-To the Filipino Youth.
4
Hope of my Motherland! b
Analyze literature

5
Fly, genius unconfined, a Alliteration and Assonance
Read lines 1-4, then underline
6
Wind-borne to peaks supremed; b the words that contain similar
initial consonant sounds. Read
7
Unleash on wings of dream b lines 5-8, then underline the
words that contain similar
8
Thoughts of your noblee mind. a
vowel sounds.

Analyze literature
9
Descendf with light of truth a
Rhyme and Repetition
10
With gloriousg Science, Art, b Give the rhyme scheme of the
poem using the letters of the
11
And lift the chains, O Youth, a
alphabet. Write your label on
12
That would oppressh your heart. b the space provided after each
of the lines.

a
profound (adj.): having or showing great knowledge Use Reading Skills
or insight.
b
Scan the poem to identify
resplendent (adj.): attractive and impressive
c
unbound (adj.): not tied up; not confined words that contain repeated
d
supreme (adj.): highest sounds. Put them in the Scan
e
noble (adj.): superior; righteous Chart. Then tell why you think
f
descend (verb): move downward
g
the author repeated these
glorious (adj.): wonderful; famous; worthy of admiration
h
oppress (verb): to burden by abuse of power; to deprive details.
of freedom

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 AFTER READING

Name: Arianne Joy H. Noble Subject: LIT 111

Yr/Cr/Sec: 3 BSN B Date: March 28, 2022

READING CHECK

Grasp the poem’s full implications and suggestions to answer the following
questions.

1. In the first stanza, what does the speaker tell the Youth to encourage them?
Give words or details to support your answer.

-Rizal encourages the youth by encouraging them to "Raise, Youth, that brow
profound" because they have talents, skills, and abilities that would make them
successful, and would make their country proud of them.

2. What does the line “Hope of my Motherland!” imply?

-The expression "hope of my motherland" suggests that the Filipino young are
the country's hope and pride in order for the country to grow more prosperous
and pass that success on to future generations.

3. For what does “wings of dream” stand?

-Wings represent both freedom and inspiration. Basically, the statement "wings
of dream" imply the ability to dream or aspire without being oppressed by
external forces. To stretch your wings or let go of your fears and become anyone
you choose.

4. In the second stanza, to whom is the speaker of the poem talking? What does
he ask them to do? Provide details from the poem to support your answer.

-Rizal appeals to the Filipino people, particularly educators and intelligent

individuals to instill good concepts and hopes in youthful brains when they let go

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of their thinking so that they may be able to soar fast high where the thrill of
glory lies, and free of the chains that bound them.

5. To whom is the speaker talking in the third stanza? What does he ask them to
do?

-In the third verse, Rizal addresses the Filipino educators once more. He want
them to break the chains that bind their intelligence Specifically, to infuse their
sublime concepts into the earthy strokes of art and science.

6. What does the imagery created by the line “lift the chains… that would oppress
your heart connote?

-The troubles or impediments in life are represented by the chains. Be rid of the
load you've always carried in order to go forward to a better and brighter future.
Allowing such chains (oppressions) to bind you will prevent you from being free
and living a happy life.

7. What particular feeling or emotion is created by the repetition of sounds such

as “profound, unbound, unconfined, mind, dream, supreme” in the poem?

-The feeling or emotion evoked by auditory repetition is the sensation of giving

hope to the people of the Philippines is known as empowerment. It emphasizes
the necessity for mental development in Filipinos in order to inspire people to
accomplish their best and not give up. No one can stand in their path if they are
stronger or smarter.

8. What do the lines “Fly, genius unconfined, descend with light of truth” mean?
How do the contrasting images created by these lines bring out the main
purpose of the poem?

-In modern English, the second verse could be rephrased as "Fly, genius
unconfined, and fill their minds of noble thoughts." In contrast to the second
stanza, which talked about the great genius ascending and soaring to the heights,
the third stanza now talks about descent, and a downward motion of the great
genius to fill the earthly strokes of art and science with their magnificent ideas.
The poem both encourages and challenges us at the same time. Jose Rizal in his
poem sets the flames of nationalism in these lines he wrote.

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9. How would you describe the “Youth” based on the positive imagery created
by the words “profound, resplendent, noble, etc.”?

-The youth, in general, are influenced by the pleasant imagery formed by the
word in the poem. Signifies that the youth are the country's hope. He urged
Filipino youth to use their strengths, talents, and skills (as described in the poem)
to distinguish themselves not only for their own acclaim and success, but also for
the praise and success of their motherland, the Philippines. Dr. Jose Rizal wished
for Filipino youngsters to develop their skills and use them to aid those in need.
He also exhorted the kids in this poem to refine and cultivate their artistic talents,
to enliven and reinforce their scientific knowledge, and to look forward and
break their bond of slavery.

THINK AND REFLECT

Is the Filipino youth of today still the hope of the Motherland that Rizal
envisioned? Explain your answer.

-Yes, since the next generation to rule and govern will always be the youth.
Rizal's youth is still the motherland's hope as he envisioned. Today, we are called
to fight for the Philippines' best interests. Let's not get ahead of ourselves and
make Rizal's remarks a reality. We, the Filipino young, must find our specialty
and use our knowledge and skills to the fullest in our chosen fields. Let us
continue to work for the betterment of our nation, the Philippines.

ANALYZE LITERATURE: Rhyme and Repetition

Think about the rhyme scheme, alliteration, and assonance you noticed while
reading the poem. How does the author’s use of these affect the feeling of the
poem? Do you think the author’s method is effective? Why?

-Personally, after reading the poem, I felt incredibly powerful, and it opened my
eyes to numerous possibilities for me as a member of the community's young. As
much as it is a source of inspiration, it is also a source of challenge for me. Rizal is

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encouraging us to emulate what he did throughout his lifetime. We don't need to
get physical in order to fight for what's right; as much as possible, there should
be no bloodshed or mayhem. We may inspire others with our abilities and
knowledge, and we can do so not just for our own benefit, but for the benefit of
the many. In his writings, I believe Rizal is a proponent of peace and fellowship.
This poem is still a source of inspiration for me and I hope this poem is still an
inspiration to today's youth and will be a muse and inspire the youth of
tomorrow.

USE READING SKILLS: Scan for Repetition

Underline the end rhyme/s, and give the rhyme scheme of the stanzas or lines
using the letters of the alphabet. Write your label on the space provided after
each line. Determine also the feeling that is conveyed in each stanza or poem. A
sample has been done for you.

1. “I had fun when I was a child a

I’d go crazy and I’d go really wild a
Thought that childhood was for eternity b
And this wouldn’t be my destiny” b
—Jaime Rivera, “Set Me Free” Feeling: Nostalgia

2. “Shall I compare you to a rainbowed shower a

Drawing to earth the very arc of dream, b
Or shall I say you are an orchid flower a
That fevers men beside a jungle stream?” b
—Angela Manalang-Gloria, “To Lovely Woman” Feeling: In loved

3. “Bituin sa langit at rosas sa hardin, a

parang nagtipanan at naghalikan din; a
nang di na mangyaring sa umaga gawin, a
ginanap sa gabi’y lalo pang napansin.” a
—Jose Corazon de Jesus, “Ang Posporo Ng Diyos” Feeling: Blessed

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