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MOUNTAINS AND PLATEAUS OF INDIA

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LANDFORMS OF INDIA
Some countries are famous for mountains, some for the beaches. Many places have
deserts and many others have big rivers. Our country,
India, too has various Landforms that make it unique
and interesting. Landforms of India can be grouped
under six divisions.

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These are:- the Northern Mountains, the Northern Plains, the Thar Desert, the
Peninsular Plateau, the Coastal Plains and the Islands.

The Physical Divisions

The Northern Mountains of India The Peninsular Plateau of India

The Greater The Middle The Outer The Central The Deccan
Himalayas Himalayas Himalayas Highlands Plateau

Rivers originate is in the Greater Himalayas.

Pine and Deodar grow in the Middle The Malwa Plateau and the Chhota Nagpur.
Himalayas. Both the regions are rich.
Fruit and Terrace Farming is done in the outer Rivers such as Narmada, Tapi , Mahanadi etc.
Himalayas. flow through the Deccan Plateau

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The Northern Mountains

In the northern part of India, lie the mighty
Himalayas -a long row of mountains that
stretches from Jammu and Kashmir in the
north to Arunachal Pradesh in the east.
Along its way, it crosses Himachal
Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and the
northern part of West Bengal. After
Arunachal Pradesh, Its bends southwards
and stretches till the state of Mizoram.
When you look at the Himalayas
horizontally from north to east, you will
notice that they are divided into three rows
mountains that run alongside each other.
At the top, close to the China border are the Greater Himalayas (Himadri). Next to
the Greater Himalayas are the Middle Himalayas(Himachal) and then lie the Outer
Himalayas(Shivalik).
The Greater Himalayas
(Himadri)
The Greater Himalayan Range is the
highest of the three rows of the
Himalayas. Mount Everest, the
highest mountain peak in the world,
is located in the Greater Himalayas.
Nanga Parbat, Annapurna and
Kanchenjunga are the other
important peaks of the Greater
Himalayas.
Most mountain peaks of the Greater Himalayas are permanently covered with
snow. Over the years, snow has been collecting on these mountains to form thick

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sheets of ice and snow called glaciers. They look like rivers of snow. The lower
portions of these glaciers melt in the heat to form water. This water from glaciers
flows down the mountains to form rivers. Many important rivers such as the
Ganga, the Yamuna and the Brahmaputra have their origin in these glaciers. The
Greater Himalayan Range is permanently covered with snow. It is extremely cold
and difficult to live here.

Did You Know‼!

The Greater Himalayas have always been a favorite destination for the mountain
climbers, also known as mountaineers. Sherpa Tenzing Norgay and Sir Edmund
Hillary were the first mountaineers to climb Mount Everest in 1953. Bachendri Pal
was the first Indian woman to climb Everest.

The Middle Himalayas

(Himachal)
The Middle Himalayas lie below the
Greater Himalayas. These mountains
are not as high as the Greater
Himalayas, and are covered with
thick vegetation of pine and deodar.
Tea plantations (especially in the
states of Assam and West Bengal)
and orchards of apples and peaches
are also common here. These
mountains experience snowfall in winter and only a few of them are covered with
permanent snow. Most people here live in the beautiful hill towns that also attract
many tourists during summer months. Shimla, Nainital, Mussoorie and Darjeeling
are some of the important hill stations situated in the Middle Himalayan Range.

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The Outer Himalayas (Shivalik)

The Outer Himalayan Range is the
lowest of the three rows of the
Himalayas. The slopes of these
mountains are covered with thick
forests where a variety of wild
animals are found. The climate here
is more suitable for humans to live.
Therefore, many people live in small
villages on these mountain slopes. Several types of fruits such as cherries, plums
and apricots are grown in the orchards here. Rice and wheat are the commonly
grown crops in the terrace farms of the Outer Himalayan Range. Potatoes and
maize are also grown. Garo, Jaintia , Khasi and Mizo Hills are part of the Out
Himalayan Range.

Life in the Himalayan

Region
The following table
highlights the life of people
living in some of the states
that lie in the Himalayan
region.

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States They Wear They Grow They Make They Celebrate

Jammu and Phiran (loose Saffron, Paper mache, Eid, Shivaratri
Kashmir gown) and rajma, fruits, shawls,
salwar (loose maize. handicrafts of
pyjamas). wood, brass
and silver
Himachal Woollen Rice, maize, Woollen Dussehra
Pradesh coats, barley, carpets rugs Diwali.
pyjamas, apples, and shawls,
dhazu (head potatoes. items
scarves), topi processed
(caps). from fruits
such as juice,
squash and
jam.
Sikkim Boku (long Tea, maize, Thangka Durga Puja,
skirts), wheat, (Buddhist) Dussehra,
colourful cardamom, paintings, Buddhist,festivals.
bead oranges, carpets, items
jewellery. apples, tea with wood
and so on. carving.

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Importance of the Northern Mountains

The Northern Mountains are of immense importance to us because of the following
reasons.
 They do not allow the cold winds from Central Asia to enter India.
 The forests of the Himalayas give us wood, medicines, resins and other
useful things
 The Himalayas are also known as the home of gods. Many pilgrimage towns
such as Haridwar, Rishikesh, Hemkund Sahib, and others are located here.

What if the Himalayas were not there

in the North???

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The Peninsular Plateau
Both mountains and plateaus are
highlands, but a plateau is a type
of land form that looks like a huge
flat table that is higher than the
surrounding areas. If you look at
the map of India, you will see that
the southern part of India is
surrounded by water on three
sides. Such a landform is called a
peninsula. The plateau region
stretches from the central part of
India to the southern tip, thus covering almost the whole of peninsular India. It is
like a raised triangle that is broad towards the north and narrow towards the south.
It is divided into two large parts by the river Narmada-the Central Highlands in
the north and the Deccan Plateau in the south.

The Central Highlands

The Central Highlands consist of
two plateaus-the Malwa Plateau
and the Chhota Nagpur Plateau.
The Malwa Plateau has fine black
soil that is good for growing cotton,
sugar cane and oilseeds. The Chota
Nagpur Plateau is rich in minerals
such as coal, iron, manganese, bauxite and mica. The main coal mining centers are
Jharia,

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Bokaro and Raniganj. The south eastern part of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh,
Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and parts of West Bengal and Odisha are Located in the
Central Highlands.
The Deccan Plateau
The Deccan Plateau is also rich
in minerals. Earlier, most of the
gold in India came from the
Kolar gold mines in Karnataka,
which lies in the Deccan Plateau.
The other states that are located
in the Deccan Plateau are
Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh
and Tamil Nadu. Jog Falls, the
highest waterfall in India, is
located in Karnataka. Some
important rivers of this region are -Mahanadi, Narmada, Tapi, Godavari, Krishna
and Kaveri. Dams built on these rivers produce electricity and also help in
irrigation during dry months.

Life in the Peninsular Plateau

The following table highlights a few important facts about the life of people living
in some of the states that are located in the plateau region.

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States Main Cities They Grow They Make They

Celebrate
Maharashtra Mumbai, Pune, Cotton, sugar Films, Ganesh
Nagpur cane, textiles, Chaturthi
groundnut, electronics
mangoes,
oranges, etc.
Andhra Hyderabad, Rice, tobacco, Bidri work, Dussehra, Eid
Pradesh Visakhapatnam sugar cane, computers,
groundnut automobiles
Jharkhand Ranchi, Rice, maize, Steel, mining Holi, Diwali
Jamshedpur, pulses power
Bokaro

Importance of the Peninsular

Plateau
The Peninsular Plateau is of immense
importance to us because of the
following reasons.
 The plateau region is rich in
minerals. It has led to the
development of many industries
in the region.
 Dams built on the rivers of this region provide water for crops and produce
hydroelectricity
 Some important crops such as cotton and oilseeds grow well in the plateau
region.

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Let's Sum
Up‼!
 The Himalayan
Range lies in the
northern part of
India.
 The Himalayas
consist of three
mountain ranges-
the Greater
Himalayas, the
Middle
Himalayas and
the Outer
Himalayas.
 The Peninsular
Plateau consists
of the Central
Highlands and
the Deccan
Plateau.
 The states in the
plateau region
are rich in
minerals and
have many well-
developed
industries.

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Terms to know-

1. Landforms- a natural feature of the Earth surface

2. Mountain- a large natural elevation of the Earth’s surface
3. Plateau- an area of fairly level high ground

4. Glacier- a slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by accumulation of

snow on mountains
5. Mountaineer- a person who takes part in mountaineering
6. Terrace farming- a method of growing crops on sides of hills or mountains
by planting on graduated terraces built into the slopes
7. Peninsula- a piece of land surrounded by water on its three sides
8. Dam- a wall built across a river to stop the water from flowing
9. Irrigation- to bring water to land in order to make crops grow
10.Minerals- a naturally available substance found on or under the surface of
the Earth

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I. Mark the following states in the map of India-

II. Circle the correct word-

1. Mount Godwin Austin/Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world.

2. The outer Himalayas is also known as Himadri/Shivalik.
3. Kashmiri men and women wear Phiran/Bakhu.

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4. Basmati rice is grown in Sikkim/Uttarakhand.

5. Pelling/Ladhakh is a place of tourist attraction in Sikkim.

III. Match the following-

1. Kahwa (a) a tribe in Meghalaya

2. Dhazu (b) a special tea popular in Jammu and Kashmir
3. Baku (e) a scarf worn by women of Himachal Pradesh
4. Garo (d) dress worn by men and women in Sikkim

IV. Write two examples of each-

1. Rivers that originate in Himalayas

__________________________________________________________________

2. Woven products of Uttarakhand

__________________________________________________________________

3. States lying in the Middle Himalayas

__________________________________________________________________

4. Fruits grown in the Outer Himalayas

__________________________________________________________________

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I. Find the hidden words and circle them-

Date: / / Worksheet-2

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II. Name the following-

1. This river divides the Southern plateau into two parts.

______________________________________________________________

2. This is the longest river in the Deccan plateau.

______________________________________________________________

3. The highest waterfall in India.

______________________________________________________________

4. The two parts of the Peninsular plateau.

_____________________________________________________________

5. The three parallel ranges of the Himalayas.

____________________________________________________________

6. The first mountaineers to climb Mount Everest.

____________________________________________________________

III. State whether the following statements are true or false-

1. The Chhota Nagpur plateau lies in the Central Highlands. ( )

2. Andhra Pradesh is famous for its Bidri work. ( )
3. Maharashtra is famous for the film industry. ( )
4. A landform which is surrounded by water on its all sides is called a peninsula. ( )
5. The Chhota Nagpur plateau is rich in minerals. ( )

Date: / / Revision Worksheet-1

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I. Choose the correct answer-

1. Which of these places is a place of tourist interest in Himachal Pradesh?

a. Manali c. Srinagar
b. Itanagar d. Nainital

2. Which part of India is a peninsula?

a. Northern c. Eastern
b. Southern d. Western

3. India can be grouped into________ physical divisions.

a. six c. seven
b. five d. four

4. The Middle Himalayas are also known as-

a. Himachal c. Himadri
b. Shivalik d. Deccan

II. Rearrange the jumbled words-

1. USINDRTY-________________________
2. EATULAP-________________________
3. CIREALG-_________________________
4. MALAYIHAS-_______________________
5. SERDET-_______________________

Date: / / Revision Worksheet-1

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III. Complete the following table-

IV. Answer the following questions-

1. Name the highest mountain peak of the world.

__________________________________________________________________

2. Name the rivers that flow through the Deccan plateau.

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

3. How are the Northern Mountains important for us?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

4. Name all the physical divisions of India.

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

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Plains, Desert and Islands in India

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In this chapter you will learn about four other types of landforms found in
India the Northern Plains, the Thar Desert, the Coastal Plains and the Islands.

A map of India showing The Northern Plains, The

Thar Desert, The Coastal Plains and the islands

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THE PHYSICAL DIVISIONS

The Northern The Thar The Coastal The
Plains Islands
Desert Plains
Andaman
Almost and
The Western Nicobar
Basin Life
no The Eastern
Coastal Plains Coastal Plains Island
rainfall s
Important Water Agriculture
Lakshadweep
and Fishing
Ganga
Basin
cities from
Sand
Islands
present are
here canals
dunes important
Brahmaputra occupations Also known
Basin and as the coral
Food crops Many Tourist
are grown oases Islands
Locations and
Sutlej Camels, Ports
Basin
Harvest
festivals
Cactus
Lagoons
are and Babul
celebrated along the
coastal belt

Nomads
live here

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THE NORTHERN PLAINS

The Northern Plains refer to the large
flat region at the foothills of the
Himalayas that stretches from Punjab
in the west to Assam in the east.
These plains fall in the path of rivers
originating in the Himalayas.
The rivers flowing down from the
Himalayas carry soil, small pieces of
rocks and silt and deposit them in the plains. This fine soil or silt deposited in
The Northern Plains
the plains is called alluvium.
Alluvium, also known as the
alluvial soil, is very fertile and
good for growing various crops.
The flat surface of the Northern
Plains and availability of enough
water also help in setting up of
big industries in these regions.
Due to this reason a large number
of people live in cities, towns and villages situated on the banks of the rivers
flowing through the Northern Plains.
Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal are some of the states
that are located in the Northern Plains. Some parts of Assam and Tripura also
lie in the Northern Plains.

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Cause and Effect

“I will learn why there are so many towns and cities in the Northern plains. “
Read the effect given below and write down the cause for it.
Cause:
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………….
Effect: A large number of people live in cities, towns and villages situated on the
banks of the rivers flowing through the Northern Plains.

Life in the Northern Plains

The following table shows the main states that are located in the Northern
Plains with their respective important cities, industries, crops and major
festivals.

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States Cities They They They

Grow Make Celebrate
Punjab Chandigarh, Wheat Automob Baisakhi,
and Ludhiana, Rice, iles, Holi,
Haryana Amritsar, Sugar textiles, Diwali Lohri
Gurgaon Cane, dairy-
Millet, farming
Oilseeds
Uttar Lucknow, Rice, Leather, Durga Puja,
Pradesh, Kolkata, Wheat. Jute, Iron Chhath,
West Patna, Sugar and Steel, Dussehra, Eid
Bengal Kanpur, Agra Cane, Sugar
and Bihar Jute
Assam Guwahati, Rice, Tea, Silk, Bihu, Kharchi
and Dispur. Tea, Oil Puja
Tripura Agartala Jute, Refinery
Bamboo

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Importance of the Northern Plains

The Northern Plains are very important for our country.
 The Northern Plains are called the
granary of India because a large amount
of grains such as wheat, pulses, millet
and rice are grown in the fertile alluvial
soil here.
 The flat surface of the plains has helped
to develop good roadways and Railway
system.
 There are many industries such as iron and steel, cement, sugar and jute
in the Northern Plains. They produce necessary items for our use.

 There are some important dams built on

the major rivers of the Northern Plains
e.g., Bhakra-Nangal Dam on the river
Sutlej that provides electricity and water
for irrigation to the farms.

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River Basins of the Northern Plains

The Northern Plains consist of three basins named after the three major rivers-
the Ganga Basin, the Brahmaputra
Basin and the Sutlej Basin. The
Ganga Basin is the most densely
populated region of the Northern
Plains. The area through which a
river and its tributaries flow is
called the basin of that river.
Three big rivers; the Sutlej, the
Ganges and the Brahmaputra flow through the Northern Plains and provides
water to this region. On their way these rivers are joined by
smaller rivers known as their tributaries.
The Yamuna and the Gomti are two important tributaries of the river Ganges.

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The Desert
The Thar Desert is located in the western part of
India. It is also known as the Great Indian
Desert or the Western Desert. The desert
stretches from the Rann of Kachch in Gujarat to
the borders of Haryana. It covers the major part
of western Rajasthan and extends in to our
neighbouring country Pakistan. There is very little or no rainfall in this area.
Apart from a narrow river, Luni, there are no rivers flowing through the Thar
Desert. Due to less rainfall and water, the climate is dry and the soil is sandy.
At most places, the land is covered with large sand dunes. Days in this region
are very hot
and nights are very cold. There are only a few towns and villages in this part of
Rajasthan.
Cactus and babul are the only plants that grow here as they do not need much
water. However, there are some areas in the desert where water is found and
plants and trees grow. These areas are known as oases. Date palm trees and a
few crops such as Wheat Barley, Maize, Jowar and Bajra are grown here.

Did You Know

Due to the scarcity of water in the desert, women have to walk long distances to fetch
water for household needs. Sometimes women work as water carriers and are paid
by the rich in villages to carry water for them. These are known as paniharis.

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Life in the Desert

Most of the villages in the desert are situated
around oases. Apart from growing a few crops,
the villagers in the desert keep goats, cattle and
camels. Camels are very useful in the desert.
They are an important means of transport as
they can walk for long distances without food
The Camel is also called “the ship of the
and water. desert”

Camels are also used for ploughing and drawing water from the wells. They
provide milk and their hair is used to make clothes. Camel skin is used for
making tents. Some people
in the desert do not have
permanent homes. They
move from one place to
another in search of food
and water. They are called
nomads or banjaras. In order to make life better for the people of the Thar
Desert, The Government of India has built the Indira Gandhi Canal.

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The desert also attracts many tourists

from other parts of India and abroad.
Towns and cities such as Jaipur,
Jodhpur, Udaipur, Chittorgarh,
Jaisalmer and Ranthambore are the
popular tourist destinations Main
Gangour Festival
festivals such as Teej, Gangaur, Holi, Dussehra, and Diwali are celebrated
here. The desert is famous for its handicrafts of wood, stone and beads.

The Coastal Plains

The Coastal Plains are low flat
lands near a sea or an ocean. You
know that the southern part of
India is surrounded by three
water bodies-the Arabian Sea in
the west, the Indian Ocean in the
south and the Bay of Bengal in
the east. The edges of the
southern peninsula where the sea water meets the land is known as the Coastal
Plains.

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The Coastal Plains of India are further divided into two parts-the Eastern
Coastal Plains and the Western Coastal Plains. The total length of both the
Coastal Plains is about 6,000 km along the coast.
The Eastern Coastal Plains lie between West Bengal and Tamil Nadu.
Important rivers of south India, namely the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and
Kaveri flow into the Bay of Bengal through the Eastern Coastal Plains. These
plains are much broader than the Western Coastal Plains.

The Western Coastal Plains lie between

Gujarat and Kerala. Both the plains meet at
the southernmost tip of the Indian peninsula
at Kanyakumari.

Agriculture and fishing are two

important occupations in the coastal
regions. There are number of important
ports in the Coastal Plains that help in
trade. Many of the towns in the Coastal
Plains are also popular tourist
destinations.

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The following table highlights some important facts about the coastal areas-

Till now you have learnt about the various parts of mainland India. Do you
know India also includes two groups of islands?

The Islands

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are located in

the Bay of Bengal. Its capital is at Port Blair. These
islands are covered with forests, and thus only a
few of them have human population.

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The Lakshadweep Islands are located in the Arabian Sea. The capital of this
group of islands is Kavaratti.

These islands are called coral

islands as they are made up of hard
substance formed from the
skeletons of small sea creatures
known as corals.
Fishing is the main occupation in
both these islands. Coconut and rice
are the main crops grown here. Tourism is an important industry in these
islands.

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Life Skills
Study the location of the town/city/village that you live in on the map of India.
 Which physical feature is located in the area?
 What are the characteristics of this physical feature?
 What impact does it have on your life?

Let’s Sum Up
 The Northern Plains spread [rom Punjab in the west to Assam in the east.
 The Thar Desert stretches from the Rann of Kachch in Gujarat to the borders of
Haryana. It covers the western part of Rajasthan.
 The Eastern Coastal Plains lie between West Bengal and Tamil Nadu.
 The Western Coastal Plains lie between Gujarat and Kerala.
 The Andaman and Nicobar Islands lie in the Bay of Bengal and the
Lakshadweep Islands lie in the Arabian Sea.

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Terms to know-
1. Plain- a large area of flat land with a few trees
2. Desert- arid land with usually sparse vegetation
3. Island- a piece of land surrounded by water
4. Alluvium- a deposit of clay, sand and silt left by flowing flood water in
a river valley
5. Granary- a storehouse for grains
6. Fertile- capable of producing abundant crop or vegetation
7. Sand dunes- a hill of sand that is formed by wind in a desert

8. Nomads- people who move from one place to another in search of food
and water
9. Canal- an artificial river
10.Coral- a hard substance formed from the skeletons of small sea creatures

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I. Choose the correct answer-

1. A landmass surrounded by sea on three sides is called:

(a) Coast
(b) Island
(c) Peninsula
(d) None of the above

2. Mention the number of islands in the Andaman and Nicobar

(a) 570
(b) 571
(c) 572
(d) 573

3. The capital of Lakshadweep island is-

(a) Port Blair
(b) Kavaratti
(c) Itanagar
(d) Chennai

4. The nearest country to the Andaman and Nicobar island is-

(a) India
(b) Pakistan
(c) Bangladesh
(d) Myanmar

II. Fill in the blanks.

1. The northern plains lie to the south of the ________________.
2. The soil deposited by the rivers is called _____________________.
3. A slow moving river of ice is called a ____________________,
4. A ______________ is a small river that later joins a larger river.
5. This region is dry with little rainfall _____________________.

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6. The western coast lies towards the _______________ sea and the eastern
coast towards the _______________.
7. The Thar desert is also known as the _____________________.
8. A place where two rivers join is called a ____________________________.

II. Answer in one word-

1. Name any one part of the Western Coastal Plain.
_____________________________________________________________

2. Name any one island group of India.

____________________________________________________________

3. Which animal is known as ‘the ship of the desert’?

____________________________________________________________

4. Mention the main occupation of the coastal region.

____________________________________________________________

5. Name the capital of Lakshadweep.

_____________________________________________________________

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I. Choose the correct answer-
1. Which is the highest dam in India?
(a) Bhakra Nangal
(b) Hirakund
(c) Methur
(d) Rihand

2. The soil of plains has been carried by

(a) rains
(b) storms
(c) rivers
(d) ponds

3. Which of the following does not grow in India

(a) Mango tree
(b) Fig tree
(c) Date tree
(d) None of the above

4. What is the feature of the soil found in the Northern Plains

(a) fertility
(b) coarse
(c) dry
(d) all of the above

5. What type of vegetation is found in Thar desert

(a) tropical
(b) dry and less
(c) grass
(d) none of the above
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6. Into how many physical features can India be divided-

(a) 4
(b) 5
(c) 6
(d) 7

II. Answer the questions that are related to these pictures-

1. Name the landform shown in the
picture.
___________________________

2. Name one such landform of India.

_____________________________

3. Name the landform shown in the

picture.
_____________________________
4. Name one such landform of India.
_____________________________

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I. Choose the right option.

1. The Northern Plains refer to the large ................... region at the foothills of the
Himalayas.
a. Flat b. Highland c. Coastal d. Desert

2. The Northern Plains are called ………………….. of India.

a. Table b. Granary c. Hands d. Oil-fields

3. ………is an artificial river.

a. Ganga b. Yamuna c. Narmada d. Canal

4. The capital of Andaman and Nicobar Islands is ..................

a. Port Blair b. ChowMai c. Srinagar d. Jammu

II. Fill in the blanks-

1. A _________is a flat and level land.

2. The main tributary of river Ganga is ______________.
3. Amritsar has the famous ____________temple.
4. The people of Bihar celebrate ___________.

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III. Solve the following crossword-

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IV. Write True or False-

1. The Bhakra dam has been built acroos the river Ganga. ( )
2. The beaches of Goa are very famous. ( )
3. Pongal is the main festival of Tamilnadu. ( )
4. The Thar desert is called the granary of India. ( )
5. Camels are the most useful animal in desert. ( )

V. Answer in one word-

1. Fine silt deposited by rivers along their banks.
___________________________________________________

2. Which branch of river Ganga flown in Bangladesh?

__________________________________________________

3. Which sea is faced by the Western Coastal plain?

___________________________________________________

4. Name a popular festival of Assam.

___________________________________________________

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Producing and Consuming Goods

Where would you go to buy the following things: A Pen, A packet of Milk, A
T-Shirt and a Mobile Phone?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________

We Shall Learn ‼!

Goods

Goods are the commodities that fulfill needs and wants of people.

Resources
Classification Producing
Needed for Market
of Goods Goods
Production

Consumer Natural
Goods Resources
Market is
Producer Goods are the place
Goods Human where
produced to Resources
fulfill sellers and
needs and buyers
Durable meet to sell
wants of
Goods Capital and buy
people
Resources respectivel
Non Durable y
Goods

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WHAT ARE GOODS?

Things that people make or grow for sale
are known as goods. Goods are
commodities that fulfil needs and wants of
the people.
These include everything from fruits and
vegetables to cars and video games.

A person who makes or grows goods is

called a producer. A person who buys and
uses goods is called a consumer. When you
buy a cake from a baker, the baker is the
producer and you become the consumer. Consumer Producer

Word to know
Commodity: Something that can be bought or sold, especially basic food product or
fuel

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Classification of Goods

Goods are classified in many ways.

The goods that The goods that are The goods that The goods that
satisfy the needs made or grown to can be used can be used only
and wants of produce either repeatedly are once are called
people such as goods such as called durable non-durable
bread, pen, tools, machineries goods. For goods. Bread and
clothes, and so on, and raw materials example television milk are examples
are known as are known as , air conditioner , of Non-durable
Consumer Producer Goods cars , machines , Goods.
Goods. and tools are all
Durable Goods

Project
Do a survey of your house. Find out the kind of goods your family uses. Make a list of the
goods and their types and share it in the class.

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Producing goods
The money paid by the consumer of
goods helps producers earn money.
This becomes the income of the
producer. The same money is used by
the produces to satisfy their needs and
wants. With this money they also buy
raw materials and equipment to
produce more goods.
So how does one decide what to
produce? Produces must be aware of
the consumer’s needs and wants. For example, there are many produces who make
a variety of chocolates because they know that both children and adults like
chocolates, and therefore there will always be a demand of their goods.

Resources Needed for the Production of Good

Resources for production can be placed in three groups – natural resources, Human
resources and capital resources.

 Natural Resources are those resources that are found in an on the earth such
as water, oil and soil.
 Human resources are the people who
work in factories or as artisans, truck
drivers, shopkeepers, teachers,
doctors, and so on.
 Capital resources are tools equipment,
building, trucks, computers, desks,
chairs and so on, that are used to
produce goods.
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MARKET –ITS IMPORTANCE

Market is a place where sellers and buyers meet

to sell and buy finished goods, respectively.
Often, produces act as sellers. A potter can come
to the market in the city and sell his pots. At
other times, produces sell to people who, in turn,
sell them in the market. A potter may sell his
pots to a trader in the village, and the trader may
then sell the same in the city market.

Nowadays, sellers and buyers can Mobile Phones are also connected to
also buy and sell on the internet the internet and can be used to shop
online

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Let’s Sum Up
 Goods are the commodities that fulfill needs and wants of people.
 A person who makes or grows goods is called a producer.
 A person who buys and uses goods is called a consumer.
 Goods can be classified as Consumer goods, Producer goods, Durable goods and
Non-durable goods.
 Natural, Human and Capital resources are needed for the production of goods.

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I. Tick whether the following sentences are right or wrong-

1. Goods are the commodities that fulfill the needs and the wants of the
people

2. A person who sells or makes goods is called a producer.

3. A person who buys or uses goods is called a producer.

4. Producer needs resources such as Natural, Human, capital to make

goods.

5. Market is a place where seller and buyer meet to sell and buy goods.

6. Nowadays, seller and buyer can meet physically on the internet.

7. Bread is an example of durable goods.

8. Television is an example of durable goods.

Date: / / Worksheet-5
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II. Consumer or producer? Circle the correct answer.

1. Patrick is buying sour gummy worms. Consumer or producer

2. A farmer growing corn to sell at the market. Consumer or producer

3. Travis is buying a new hairbrush. Consumer or producer

4. Target selling their brand of paper plates. Consumer or producer

5. A girl making glow in the dark slime to sell. Consumer or producer

6. A student reading a Dog Man book. Consumer or produce

III. Identify the following as consumer or producer. Write in the Box.

Date: / / Revision Worksheet-3

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I. Identify the following as Human Resource, Natural Resource and Capital

Resource. Write the names in the respective boxes.

Date: / / Revision Worksheet-3

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II. Cross-word Times‼‼

Date: / / Practice Sheet-1

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Match the following pictures to their names-

Date: / / Practice Sheet-1

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Date: / / Practice Sheet-1

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Date: / / Practice Sheet-2

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Date: / / Practice Sheet-2

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