English 2

Module 3.10 DBA notes

"In the Victorian era, Gothic fiction had ceased to be a dominant literary genre. However,
the Gothic tropes used earlier in the eighteenth century in texts such as Ann Radcliffe's The
Mysteries of Udolpho were transported and interwoven into many late-nineteenth century
narratives.

In the most general terms, Gothic literature can be defined as writing that employs dark and
picturesque scenery, startling and melodramatic narrative devices, and an overall atmosphere of
exoticism, mystery, fear, and dread. Characteristics include death, haunted houses, ghosts, etc.

This module was very focused on fear. We learned about how to channel those fears, how to heighten
fear using lots of different techniques, we learned how to overcome fears, how to critique horror films
and how to write suspenseful stories.

1. I learned about the different types of phobias and fears that I didn’t know existed. This was one
of the lessons that stuck with me simply because I thought it was super interesting.
2. Another thing I learned about were the various techniques to surprise readers such as
foreshadowing, discovery, flashback, nonlinear narration, reversal, etc. In this module I learned
how to effectively use these techniques to twist the story and surprise the reader.
3. Lastly, I learned how to critique and review a film. I learned that it’s important to include a brief
summary of the film (setting, characters, plot, etc) how you interpreted the film and how the
filmmaker wants you to interpret the film, suspense techniques used and how those techniques
bring the film to life, and lastly, to also voice your opinion.

In rhetoric-- the art of persuasive speaking or writing -- the different ways of persuading
someone to your side are called "appeals." The Greek philosopher Aristotle referred to three
kinds of appeals: logos, ethos, and pathos. Each kind of appeal attempts to persuade the
audience to the writer or speaker's point of view, but they do so in different ways.

Logos

Logos, Greek for "word," refers to persuasion by logic. An argument using logos is using logic to
appeal to the audience. Logos relies on consistency, logical argument, and effective supporting

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 evidence and examples. For instance, using facts and data to prove your point is an example of
an appeal from logos.

Ethos

Ethos, Greek for "character," uses the speaker or writer's credibility to appeal to the audience.
Ethos can include the tone of the message, the speaker's expertise and education, and even his
or her reputation. It is often called the "appeal from credibility." Persuading someone to listen to
you due to your past experience or expertise in the field is an example of an appeal from ethos.

Pathos

Pathos, Greek for "suffering," refers to an appeal based on emotion or feelings rather than logic.
Pathos appeals try to resonate with the audience's emotions and make the audience identify
emotionally with the speaker or writer. Persuading someone with an emotional example, or
using someone's feelings to get them to take action, is a type of appeal from pathos.

Suspense Techniques

 Give the reader a lofty viewpoint. ...

 Use time constraints. ...
 Keep the stakes high. ...
 Apply pressure. ...
 Create dilemmas. ...
 Complicate matters. ...
 Be unpredictable. ...
 Create a really good villain.

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