Design pile cap for driven pile ( more than 1 piles )

I. Geometries and material properties

D  300mm
Pile size

Allowable bearing capacity of pile Qa  260kN

Column size b c  300mm h c  300mm

Material fy  390MPa f'c  25MPa

Service load Pser  1700kN

Ultimate load Pu  18821kN M uy  788kN m M ux  735kN m

Steel bar ϕm  32mm ϕst  16mm

Concrete cover c  100mm

Determine number of piles

Depth of pile cap ( assume )

H  1200mm

Unit Weight of concrete :

kN
ρc  25
3
m

Effictive bearing capacity of pile

2
Qe  Qa  ρc ( 3  D)  H  235.7  kN

Number of pile
Pser
n pile   7.213
Qe

Require number of pile

 
n req  ceil n pile  8
 Take n pile  n req

Determine number of piles

Pile location ( spacing between center of pile 2.5D to 3D , normally use 3D)

 0m  if n
 1.5D  if n Y    pile = 2
X    pile = 2  0m 
 1.5D 
  0m  
 3 D   1.5D   if n
  pile = 3
 3 3D   
  1.5D  
 6  if n pile = 3
 3 3D    1.5D  
    1.5D   if n
 6  pile = 4
  1.5D  
 
1.5D     1.5D  
  
  1.5D   if n
  1.5D   pile = 4  3 2 D 
  1.5D    2 
    3 2  
 3 2 D   2 D 
 2     
 3 2   0m  if npile = 5
 2 D   3 2 
   D 
 0m  if npile = 5  2 
  3 2     3 2  
 D   2 D 
  2  
  3 2     1.5D  
  1.5D  
 2 D   
   
  1.5D   if n
  3D     1.5D   pile = 6
  3D  
    1.5D  
  0m   if n  
  0m   pile = 6   1.5D  
  3D    0m 
   
  3D    3 3 D 
 2 
  3D     3 3  
 
  1.5D    2 D 
  1.5D      
  0m   if n  0m  if npile = 7
  pile = 7  3 3 
  1.5D    D 
  1.5D    D 
  1.5D    2 
  3D     3 3  
   2 D 
 3 2 D   
   0m 
 3 2 D   3 2 
 3 2   2 D 
 2 D   
   3 2 D 
 0m  if n   2  
 0m  pile = 8
 0m 
   
 3 2 D   3 2 D 
  2    2 
 3 2 D    if npile = 8
   3 2 D 
 3 2 D    2  
  3D    0m 
 
  3D    3 2 D 
  3D    2 
   
  0m    3 2 D 
  0m   if npile = 9   2  
  0m  
 
3D  
  
  3D     0m  
  3D     3D  
  3D     3D  
 
  4.5D     0m   if npile = 9
 
  3D     3D  
  3D    
  1.5D     3D  
    0m  
  0m   if n   3D  
 
  0m   pile = 10
 0m 
  1.5D    
   3 3 D 
  3D    2 
  3D     3 3  
   D 
  4.5D    2  

  4.5D    0m 
  4.5D    3 3 
   D 
  3D    2  if n
  1.5D     3 3   pile = 10
  1.5D    2 D 
     
  0m   if n pile = 11  0m 
 
 pile  0m 
  1.5D    3 3 
   D 
  1.5D    2

  3D     3 3  
  4.5D    2 D 
   
  4.5D    0m 
 
4.5D  
  3 3 
  4.5D    2 D 
  4.5D    
  1.5D    3 3 D 
    2  
  1.5D    0m 
  1.5D    
   if n pile = 12  3 3 
  1.5D    2 D 
  1.5D    
  1.5D    3 3 D 
    2  
  4.5D    0m  if n
  pile = 11
  4.5D  
  4.5D    3 3 D 
   2 
 
 3 3 D 
  2  
 0m 
 
 3 3 D 
 2 
 
 3 3 D 
  2  
 
 3D  

  0m  
  3D  
  3D  
 
  0m  
  3D  
   if npile = 12
  3D  
  0m  
  3D  
 
  3D  
  0m  
  3D  
 
Pile location ( spacing between center of pile 2.5D to 3D , normally use 3D)

Piles'Reactions
number of piles

n  rows( X)  8

Dimension of pile cap

B  max( Y)  min( Y)  2  min 150mm 

D D
  1.873 m
 2  2
L  max( X)  min( X)  2  min 150mm    3.146 m
D D
 2  2
Take B  1.873 m L  3.146 m

i  1  n
ORIGIN  1
 1 
1   1 
 1 
  L
Xcap   1     B
Ycap   1  
 1  2 1  2
 
 1   
 1 

 1 
1   1 
 1 
  hc   bc
Xcol   1  
Ycol   1  
 1  2 1  2
 
 1   
 1 
 1   1 
1   1 
i   D i   D
Xpile  X   1   Ypile  Y   1  
i i
 1  2 1  2
   
 1   1 

Ultimate load apply on pile cap :

Pcap  ρc H B L  176.731  kN

 Pult  Pu  1.2 Pcap  19033.077  kN

Pult M uy X
i
Ru   if n pile  2
i n n

 Xk
2

k1

Pult M uy X M ux Y

i i
  otherwise
n n n

 Xk  Yk
2 2

k1 k 1

Ru 
i
2709.21  kN
2324.22
2447.92
2571.62
2186.64
2310.34
2434.04
2049.06
Check piles'reaction :

Allowable bearing capacity of pile

Pu 3
Qu.a   Q  2.879  10  kN
Pser a

Reaction maximun :

 
Ru.max  max Ru  2709.21  kN

Safety factor :

Ru.max
FS_pile  if Qu.a  Ru.max  94.12  %
Qu.a

"pile s'number is not enough" otherwise

Piles'Reactions

 0.636   1.273 
1  0.636   1.273 
Ycap    
 0   0.636 
Ypile  0.636   0 
Y  m X  m
 0.636 
Y 2 1 0 1 2  0 
Ycol  0   0.636 
 0.636   1.273 
1    
 0.636   1.273 

2

Xcap Xpile X Xcol

Design reinforcement in pile cap

Punching shear or two way shear

Punching shear strength for column
 
 hc d   b c d 
Outside ( d )   X    Y   
 2 2  2 2 

Vu ( d )  Ru  Outside ( d )

For shear ϕ  0.75

  
b o ( d )  2  h c  d  b c  d 
  
 ϕVc( d )  ϕ 0.33 MPa  f'c b o ( d )  d

Pile punching for corner pile :

b o.p( d )  2  D   min 200mm 

d D
 2 2 
ϕVc.p ( d )  ϕ 0.33 MPa  f'c b o.p( d )  d

Ru.max  2709.205 kN

Beam shear or one way shear

  
  hc    hc 
Left( d )  X    d Right( d )  X    d
 2   2 

  
  bc    bc 
Bottom( d )  Y    d Top( d )  Y    d
 2   2 


Vu1( d )  max Ru  Left( d ) Ru  Right( d ) 

Vu2( d )  max Ru  Bottom( d ) Ru  Top( d ) 
Beam shear strength

ϕVc1( d )  ϕ 0.17 MPa  f'c B d

ϕVc2( d )  ϕ 0.17 MPa  f'c L d

Depth of pile cap :

ϕm
Cover  c  ϕst   132  mm
2

d  d  300mm  Cover
      
while Vu ( d )  ϕVc( d )  Ru.max  ϕVc.p ( d )  Vu1( d )  ϕVc1( d )  Vu2( d )  ϕVc2( d ) 
d  d  25mm
d  100mm

d  1368 mm
Height of pile cap :
 h  d  Cover

h  1500 mm

Verification thickness of pile cap ( verify again ) :

Punching shear or two way shear

Punching shear strength for column
 
 hc d  bc d 
Outside   X    Y   
 2 2  2 2 

Vu  Ru  Outside  9516.54  kN

For shear ϕ  0.75

   
b o  2  h c  d  b c  d   6.672 m
 

ϕVc  ϕ 0.33 MPa  f'c b o  d  11295.03 kN

Check_column_punching  "Cap height is enough" if Vu  ϕVc  "Cap height is enough"

"Cap height is not enough" otherwise

Pile punching for corner pile :

b o.p  2  D   min 200mm   2.268 m

d D
 2 2 
ϕVc.p  ϕ 0.33 MPa  f'c b o.p d  3839.497 kN

Ru.max  2709.21  kN

Check_pile_punching  "Cap height is enough" if Ru.max  ϕVc.p  "Cap height is enough"

"Cap height is not enough" otherwise

Beam shear or one way shear

  
  hc    hc 
Left1  X    d Right1  X    d
 2   2 
   
  bc    bc 
Bottom1  Y    d Top1  Y    d
 2   2 

 
Vu1  max Ru  Left1 Ru  Right1  0  kN


Vu2  max Ru  Bottom1 Ru  Top1  0  kN 
Beam shear strength

ϕVc1  ϕ 0.17 MPa  f'c B d  1633.26  kN

ϕVc2  ϕ 0.17 MPa  f'c L d  2743.26  kN

Check_Beam_shear  
"Cap height is enough" if Vu1  ϕVc1  Vu2  ϕVc2   
"Cap height is not enough" otherwise

Design Reinforcement for Pile Cap :

In long direction

b  B d L  d  1368 mm

 
M u1 
  
Left( 0 )  Ru 0.5h c  X   6157.342 kN m
 
M u2 
  
Right( 0)  Ru  X  0.5hc   6842.157 kN m

 
M u.L  max M u1 M u2  6842.157 kN m

Find strength reduction factor ϕ

Strain of steel bar : ε t  0.5%

Strength reduction factor ϕ :

 ϕ  0.65 if ε t  0.2%  0.9

250

0.65  ε t  0.002 
3

if 0.2%  ε t  0.5%

0.90 otherwise

f'c  4M u.L 
ρL  0.85   1  1   0.588  %
fy  2
1.7 ϕ f'c b  d L
 

Minimun Reinforcemnet for bending element :

 1.4MPa f'c MPa 

ρs.min  max  if n pile = 2  0.2 %
 fy 4fy 

0.2% otherwise

Reinforcement area :

 
ρs.L  max ρL ρs.min  0.588  %

2
As.L  ρs.L b  d L  150.621  cm

 As.L 
n L  ceil   19
 ϕm2 
 π 
 4 
 ϕm 
b  2  50mm  ϕst  
Spacing_long 
 2 
 89.94  mm
nL

In short direction

3
b  L d S  d L  ϕm  1.336  10  mm

 
M u1 
  
Bottom( 0)  Ru  0.5bc  Y   3190.726 kN m



M u2 
 Top(0)RuY  0.5bc  3752.485kNm
 
M u.S  max M u1 M u2  3752.485 kN m
 f'c  4M u.S 
ρS  0.85   1  1   0.194  %
fy  2
1.7 ϕ f'c b  d S
 
Reinforcement area :

 
ρs.S  max ρS ρs.min  0.2 %

2
As.S  ρs.S  b  d S  84.05  cm

 As.S 
n S  ceil   11
 ϕm2 
 π 
 4 

 ϕm 
b  2  50mm  ϕst  
Spacing_short 
 2 
 271.05 mm
nS

Minimum vertical and horizontal reinforcement :

Vertical reinforcement :

b temp  1m

2
Av  0.2mm h  300  mm

 Av 
n v  ceil 2
 ϕst2 
 π 
 4 

b temp  ϕst
sv   492  mm
nv

2
Ah  3cm

 Ah 
n h  ceil 2
 ϕst2 
 π 
 4 

b temp  ϕst
sh   492  mm
nh
 Temperature reinforcement

ρtemp  0.2% if fy  420MPa  0.2 %

0.18% if 420MPa  fy  550MPa

0.18% 420 MPa

otherwise
fy

h temp  min 500mm  500  mm

h
2 

2
As.temp  ρtemp b temp h temp  10 cm

 As.temp 
n s.temp  ceil 5
 ϕst2 
 π 
 4 

b temp  ϕst
spacing_temperature   196.8  mm
n s.temp

Top Reinforcement of PIle Cap :

In long direction

As.topL  max 10% As.L 4cm    1506.21  mm

2 B 2
 m

 As.topL 
n topL  ceil 8
 ϕst2 
 π 
 4 

 ϕst 
B  2  50mm  
StopL 
 2   219.6  mm
n topL

In short direction

As.topS  max 10% As.S 4cm    1.26  10  mm

2 L 3 2
 m
  As.topS 
n topS  ceil 7
 ϕst2 
 π 
 4 

 ϕst 
L  2  50mm  
StopS 
 2   432.8  mm
n topS

Summary Reinforcement :

Long direction :

Bottom bar ( main bar) : ϕm  32 mm Spacing_long  89.94  mm

Top bar ( secondary bar) : ϕst  16 mm

Short direction :
 
Spacing_L  min sv spacing_temperature StopL 250mm  196.8  mm

Bottom bar ( main bar) : ϕm  32 mm Spacing_short  271.05 mm

Top bar ( secondary bar) : ϕst  16 mm

 
Spacing_S  min sv spacing_temperature StopS 250mm  196.8  mm

Horizontal reiforcement:


Spacing_horizontal  min sh spacing_temperature 250mm  196.8  mm 
Design reinforcement in pile cap

Summary Results :

Pile cap dimension :

B  1.87 m L  3.146 m h  1500 mm

Pile reaction :
Ru.max
n pile  8 FS_pile  94.12  %  94.12  %
Qu.a
Check chickness of pile cap :

Check_column_punching  "Cap height is enough"

Check_pile_punching  "Cap height is enough"

Check_Beam_shear  "Cap height is enough"

Steel reinforcement

In long direction

Bottom bar ( main bar) : ϕm  32 mm Spacing_long  89.94  mm

Top bar ( secondary bar) : ϕst  16 mm Spacing_L  196.8  mm

In short direction

Bottom bar ( main bar) : ϕm  32 mm Spacing_short  271.05 mm

Top bar ( secondary bar) : ϕst  16 mm Spacing_S  196.8  mm

Horizontal reinforcement

Skin bar ( secondary bar) : ϕst  16 mm Spacing_horizontal  196.8  mm