12/17/21, 9:03 PM Module 10 - GLOBAL CITIES

Module 10 - GLOBAL CITIES

Site: New Era University Printed by: Kent Giane G. Gomez

Course: GECTCW-18 - The Contemporary World Date: Friday, 17 December 2021, 9:02 PM
Book: Module 10 - GLOBAL CITIES

https://collvle.neu.edu.ph/mod/book/tool/print/index.php?id=140887 1/8
12/17/21, 9:03 PM Module 10 - GLOBAL CITIES

Table of contents

1. Introduction/Overview

2. Learning Outcomes

3. Lesson 1 The Rise of Global Cities

4. Lesson 2- General Characteristics of Global Cities

5. Lesson 3- The World of Cities

https://collvle.neu.edu.ph/mod/book/tool/print/index.php?id=140887 2/8
12/17/21, 9:03 PM Module 10 - GLOBAL CITIES

1. Introduction/Overview

A global city or world city are a concept which postulates that globalization can be broken down in terms of strategic geographic locales that see
global processes being created, facilitated and enacted. The most complex of these entities is the "global city", whereby the linkages binding a
city have a direct and tangible effect on global affairs through more than just socio-economic means, with influence in terms of culture, or
politics.

https://collvle.neu.edu.ph/mod/book/tool/print/index.php?id=140887 3/8
12/17/21, 9:03 PM Module 10 - GLOBAL CITIES

2. Learning Outcomes

At the end of the module, the learner is able to:

1. be acquainted with the attributes of a rising global city;

2. explain the facts about global cities;

3. Determine the general Characteristics of Global Cities;

4. identify the problem in cities;

5. human ecology and environmental concerns in global cities; and

6. evaluate the world of cities

https://collvle.neu.edu.ph/mod/book/tool/print/index.php?id=140887 4/8
12/17/21, 9:03 PM Module 10 - GLOBAL CITIES

3. Lesson 1 The Rise of Global Cities

Lesson 1-The Rise of Cities

In early cultivating social orders, improved cultivating techniques and a solid food flexibly prompted changeless settlements. Surplus food not
just caused an expansion in population. Liberated from the all-expending mission for food, workers could start to have some expertise in
exercises, for example, metal-working and weaving, and a few employments turned out to be a higher priority than others. A social chain of
importance came to fruition. Setting up empowered regulatory account keeping and, later, writing.

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/rise-cities

 URBAN DEVELOPMENT PATTERN

 The urban development pattern or urban development process is the type and extent of development of the urban area and depends on the
forms of the previous development. The pattern of physical growth or development or the urban form is denned as the spatial pattern of human
activity at a certain point in time and is divided into two main categories of horizontal expansion or urban dispersion and the pattern of a compact
city. The shape or pattern of urban growth in different countries is very diverse. But in general, the city’s growth is a dual process of external
expansion and rapid physical growth or internal growth and reorganization. Each of these two methods creates an individual body different from
each other. Exogenous expansion appears in the form of an increase in the city’s boundaries, or so-called “horizontal extensions”, and internal
growth appears as the population’s internalization and the pattern of intensive growth (Gharakhlo and Zanganeh Shahraki, 2009)

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328730733_Explanation_of_Urban_Development_Patterns_in_Order _to_Sustainable_Development

 PROBLEM IN CITIES

 One of the common issues with living in a city is crime. For a violent crime to occur, there must be a culprit and a victim. In a highly populated
area, the risk of encountering a mob is much higher than that of a small town. Additionally, if the culprit feels protected by the anonymity that a
large city provides, he may commit more wrongdoings. Furthermore, air pollution is also a prevalent issue in major cities. Surface transportation
is the main source of greenhouse gas emissions, which cause respiratory problems to the people. This problem is exacerbated by the sheer
number of vehicles commuting daily in the city.

https://ieltsonlinetests.com/writing-correction/problem-people-living-big-cities

TYPE OF PROBLEM IN CITIES

1. 1.           Fiscal Problems

 Cities typically have serious difficulties in paying for basic services such as policing, public education, trash removal, street maintenance, and
snow removal (at least in cold climates), and in providing certain services for their residents who are poor or disabled or who have other
conditions.

1. 2.           Crowding

 People who live amid crowding are more likely to experience stress and depression and to engage in aggressive behavior or be victimized by it.

1. 3.           Housing

Much urban housing is substandard, as this chapter’s opening news story illustrated, and characterized by such problems as broken windows,
malfunctioning heating systems, peeling lead paint, and insect infestation.

1. 4.           Homelessness

In cities throughout the United States, men, women, and children live in the streets, abandoned vehicles or houses, cheap motels, or trailers, or
living in someone else’s home temporarily.

1. 5.           Traffic and Transportation

 For better or worse, a fact of city life that arises from the defining feature of cities—many people living in a relatively small area—is that many
people need to travel to get to work or school and to visit stores, museums, and any number of other leisure-time settings.

  
https://collvle.neu.edu.ph/mod/book/tool/print/index.php?id=140887 5/8
12/17/21, 9:03 PM Module 10 - GLOBAL CITIES
1. 6.           Air Pollution

Traffic congestion and the sheer amount of traffic in cities also contribute mightily to air pollution, which we consider here as a separate urban
problem. Traffic creates pollution from motor vehicles’ exhaust systems, and some cities have factories and other enterprises that also pollute.

1. 7.           Mental Health Problems

Stress in turn impairs the mental health of urban residents. Much research finds that urban residents have worse mental health than rural
residents.

1. 8.           Public Education

Many city schools are housed in old buildings that, like much city housing, are falling apart. City schools are notoriously underfunded and lack
current textbooks, adequate science equipment, and other instructional materials.

https://open.lib.umn.edu/socialproblems/chapter/14-3-problems-of-urban-life/

https://collvle.neu.edu.ph/mod/book/tool/print/index.php?id=140887 6/8
12/17/21, 9:03 PM Module 10 - GLOBAL CITIES

4. Lesson 2- General Characteristics of Global Cities

It has been argued that global

cities are those sharing the following characteristics:

§  International,
first-name familiarity; whereby a city is recognized without the need for a
political subdivision. For example, although there are
numerous cities and other
political entities with the name Paris or variations on it, one would say “Paris”,
not "Paris, France".

§  Active
influence and participation in international events and world affairs; for
example, New York City is home to the UN headquarters
complex and
consequently contains a vast majority of the permanent missions to the UN.

§  A fairly
large population (the center of a metropolitan area with a population of
at least one million, typically several million).

§  A major
international airport (for example, London Heathrow Airport) that
serves as an established hub for several international airlines.

§  An advanced
transportation system that includes several freeways and/or a
large mass transit network offering multiple modes of
transportation (rapid
transit, light rail, regional rail, ferry, or bus).

§  In the
West, several international cultures and communities (such as a Chinatown,
a Little Italy, or other immigrant communities). In other
parts of
the world, cities which attract large foreign businesses and related expatriate
communities; for example, Singapore, Shanghai, Hong
Kong, Tokyo, and Moscow.

§  International financial
institutions, law firms, corporate headquarters
(especially conglomerates), and stock exchanges (for example
the London Stock Exchange, the New York Stock Exchange or
the Tokyo Stock Exchange) that have influence over the world economy.

§  An advanced
communications infrastructure on which modern trans-national corporations
rely, such as fiber optics, Wi-Fi networks, cellular
phone
services, and other high-speed lines of communications.

§  World-renowned
cultural institutions, such as museums and universities.

§  A lively
cultural scene, including film festivals (for example the Toronto
International Film Festival), premieres, a thriving music or
theatre scene
(for example, West End theatre and Broadway); an orchestra,
an opera company, art galleries, and street performers.

§  Several
powerful and influential media outlets with an international reach, such as the
BBC, Associated Press, Reuters, The New York
Times, The
Times, or Agence France-Presse.

§  A strong
sporting community, including major sports facilities, home teams in major
league sports, and the ability and historical experience to
host international
sporting events such as the Olympic Games, Football World Cup,
or Grand Slam tennis events.

To some, London, New York City, Paris, and Tokyo have been

traditionally considered the 'big four' world cities – not coincidentally, they
also
serve as symbols of global capitalism. However, many people have their own
personal lists, and any two lists are likely to differ based on cultural
background, values, and experience.

https://collvle.neu.edu.ph/mod/book/tool/print/index.php?id=140887 7/8
12/17/21, 9:03 PM Module 10 - GLOBAL CITIES

5. Lesson 3- The World of Cities

Lesson 2-Human Ecology and Environmental Concerns in Global Cities

1. 1.   Sense of community

 Urban settings are very individualistic in nature and the sense of community that is very common in other areas is very rare to come across
here. People are all concentrated on their own affairs paying little or no attention to their friends and neighbors.

1. 2.   Environmental threats

Rapid urbanization, which strains basic infrastructure, coupled with more frequent and extreme weather events linked to global climate change
is exacerbating the impact of environmental threats. Common environmental threats include flooding, tropical cyclones (to which coastal cities
are particularly vulnerable), heat waves and epidemics.

1. 3.   Inequality

When it comes to both the provision of basic resources and resilience against environmental threats, the forecast is uneven for different groups
of urban inhabitants. As the number of urban super-rich grows, many cities will also see increased numbers of urban poor.

1. 4.   Resources

 Cities need resources such as water, food and energy to be viable. Urban sprawl reduces available water catchment areas, agricultural lands
and increases demand for energy.

1. 5.   Nature

 In most cities, a man transformed nature, vegetation was replaced with concrete, asphalt, and other surfaces, transformed or buried riverbeds,
caused city climate and created huge artificial transfers of energy, water, and various substances.

1. 6.   Water

 Even the hydrological cycle is increasingly under the influence of a man who uses water for different purposes and returns it to the water cycle
contaminated.

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/the-5-biggest-challenges-cities-will-face-in-the-future/

https://owlcation.com/stem/Environmental-problems-of-modern-cities

  

1. Global cities drive the economy. They are economic powerhouses with head offices, business, services, legal and consulting expertise,
exchanges, banks, and global corporations.

 2. They drive connectivity. Major airports and solid infrastructure make global cities accessible.

3. Unlock knowledge. They unlock knowledge through top educational institution.

https://owlcation.com/stem/Environmental-problems-of-modern-cities#:~:text=in%20Cairo%20%7C%20Source-
,Environmental%20problems%20of%20modern%20cities,%2C%20traffic%2C%20noise%2C%20etc.&text=Air%20an
d%20water%20pollution%20and,environmental%20problems%20in%20most%20cities.

https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/g/Global_city.htm

https://collvle.neu.edu.ph/mod/book/tool/print/index.php?id=140887 8/8