, !

:)
 1. RAIL LAY ZONE
-RELIGION

2. LOUNGE WIDTH
-LANGUAGE

3. NUT SHOE NULL LATTE

-NATIONALITY
4. AID THEN TEE TEA
-IDENTITY

5. ITCH KNEE SEAT TEA

-ETHNICITY

6. RAY YES
-RACE
Cultural Patterns
& Processes
[Religion and Language,

Nationality and Identity,

Ethnicity and Race]

 :
At the end of the lesson, the students
are expected to:

a. Define language, religion,

ethnicity, race, nationality and
identity;
b. Create an infographic design on
the other religions of the world;
and
c. Value the importance of cultural
diversity.
/
?
Language is a system of communication that provides
meaning to a group of people through speech.
• It is the ability to communicate with others orally and/or in writing.
• Monolingual country – has only one official language in which all
government business is conducted.
• Multilingual country – has more than one official language.
• Linguistic diversity – learning of more languages.
• Language extinction – as young people move out of a local area, the
elderly are the ones to continue to use their language. After they
die, the language disappears.
• A language used as a common tongue among people who speak
diverse languages, often to conduct business.

- What do you think is the current dominant lingua franca?

• A form of a language that is unique in sound, speed, syntax
and vocabulary. Example: Tagalog, Cebuano, Waray, Ilonggo
• Isogloss – boundary of a dialect
- ‘’You guys’’ vs. ‘’y’all’’
 - Language is intrinsic to the expression of culture. As a
means of communicating values, beliefs and customs, it has an
important social function and fosters feelings of group identity
and solidarity.

- It is the means by which culture and its traditions and

shared values may be conveyed and preserved. Language is
fundamental to cultural identity.
 1. ENGLISH (1,132M 2. MANDARIN (1,117M 3. HINDI ( 615M speakers)
speakers) speakers)
Native speakers: 379M Native speakers: 918M Native speakers: 341M
Non-native speakers: Non-native speakers: Non-native speakers:
753M 199M 274M
• English is the default • Mandarin is not • Hindi, along with
language in actually a language, English, one of the
international business, but a set of dialects of official languages of
tourism, technology the Chinese language. India, the 2nd most
and much more. inhabited country in
the world.
 4. SPANISH (543M speakers)
Native speakers: 460M
Non-native speakers: 74M
Spanish is the most spoken of
the Romance languages, and is
the third most used in the
internet.
5. FRENCH (280M speakers)
Native speakers: 77M
Non-native speakers: 203M
Colonialism allowed French
to spread throughout the
world. Today it is the official
language of 29 countries on
diff. continents.
6. ARABIC ( 274M speakers)
Native speakers: 245M
Non-native speakers: 29M
Arabic is the official language of
26 countries. Due to this
territorial coverage, it is
actually a set of dialects. It is
also the liturgical language of
Islam.
 7. BENGALI (265M 8. RUSSIA (258M
speakers) speakers)
Native speakers: 228M Native speakers: 154M
Non-native speakers: 37M Non-native speakers:
104M
Bengali is the official
language of Bangladesh. It is the official language
In addition, people speak of four countries, but
it in some areas of India people also speak it in all
and Burma. those part of the former
Soviet Union.
9. PORTUGUESE ( 234M
speakers)
Native speakers: 221M
Non-native speakers: 13M
Brazil is the country that
has the most amount of
Portuguese speakers. It is
the most widely spoken
language in the southern
hemisphere.
 10. INDONESIAN (198M speakers)
Native speakers: 43M
Non-native speakers: 155M

Bahasa Indonesian is the official language

of Indonesia, the 4th most populous country
in the world. Peculiarly, it’s not the native
language of most of it’s speakers. Rather,
it’s a second language necessary for mutual
understanding in a country with more than
200 languages.
• Religion is a set of organized beliefs, practices, and
systems that most often relate to belief and worship of
a controlling force such as a personal god or another
supernatural being.

• It is a value system that people place on themselves

and others based on a spiritual or divine aspect of the
world.

• Atheistic, Monotheistic, Polytheistic, Animism

 • BUDDHISM
• HINDUISM
• CHRISTIANITY
• ISLAM
• JUDAISM
• World’s largest religion
• 3 Branches: Roman Catholic, Protestant,
and Orthodox

CHRISTIAN BELIEFS
Jesus Christ:
• Born on Earth
• Died on cross
• Resurrected
• Showed that all Christians can be saved.
The Bible:
• Old and New Testament
Holy Trinity: God, Son, Holy Spirit
STRUCTURE OF CHRISTIANITY
Catholic Church:
• Pope
• Cardinals
• Bishops
• Priests
Protestant Church:
• Pastor, Minister
• Martin Luther created the Protestant reformation
which broke away from Roman Catholicism
Orthodox Church:
• Patriarch
• Second largest religion
• Muslims – mostly live in the Middle East,
Northern Africa, Southeast Asia
• Islam believes that Jesus a prophet, but
not the main prophet. For Muslims, this
person is Muhammad.
• Muslims worship inside the mosque.
• The leader of a mosque is an imam.
Beliefs of Islam
• Five Pillars of Islam
1. Shahadah – There is only one God, Allah. When you
accept the creed of Allah, you officially become a
Muslim.
2. Salah – Prayer must be done five times daily facing
the city of Mecca.
3. Zakat – taxes must be paid directly to the poor and the
needy or the mosque.
4. Sawm – One must fast during Ramadan
5. Hahjj – One must make a pilgrimage to Mecca once
during one’s life.
• 0ldest religion on Earth
• You can practice, but you are only Hindu if you’re
born into a Hindu family
• Majority in India and is the 3rd largest religion
Beliefs of Hinduism
 3 primary deities
• Brahma – Created the universe
• Shiva – Destroys the universe
• Vishnu – Preserver of earth and
universe
 Vedas – holy texts
 Reincarnation
__
• Focus on elimination of desires through meditation
• No focus on a specific god
-instead: personal devotion of the individual follower.

• Located in East Asia, Northeast, Southeast Asia

Beliefs of Buddhism
 Siddharta Gautama
– Prince who lived in Nepal
– He left his palace and observed the
poverty in the region and was
disgusted
– He lived a life without material
possessions
 Nirvana – enlightenment
__
Beliefs of Buddhism

Four Universal Truths

1. All living beings should experience and endure

suffering.
2. Suffering leads to the desire to live, which
leads to reincarnation.
3. The goal is to leave the suffering of this Earth
perpetuated by reincarnation.
4. Nirvana can be achieved through practicing
the following eight steps:
- rightness of belief, resolve, speech, action,
livelihood, effort, thought, meditation.

__
• One of the oldest religions
• Not just a religion, but an ethnicity
• Worship inside of a synagogue
• The Star of David is a major symbol in the
religion
• Jewish bible is the Tanahk, based on the Torah
and the Talmud
• Rabbi leads the service on Saturday
1. Religion provides mental peace.
2. Religion inculcates social virtues.
3. Religion promotes social solidarity.
4. Religion influences our health.
5. Religion gives us a sense of purpose.
Race and ethnicity are used to categorize certain sections of
the population. In basic terms, race describes physical traits,
and ethnicity refers to cultural identification. Race may also
be identified as something you inherit while ethnicity is
something you learn.
RACE
• Narrow
• Based on similar physical and biological attributes

• Race is usually associated with biology and linked with physical

characteristics, such as hair texture or skin color and covers a relatively
narrow range of options. Yet people of similar complexions/hair textures can
be defined as different races, and definitions in the United States have
changed over time.

• While some may be considered to be of a certain race, Black for example,

people may identify more with their individual ethnicity, as opposed to race.
This could apply for any member of any race.
ETHNICITY
• Based on cultural expression and place of origin

• Ethnicity is a broader term than race. The term is used to categorize groups
of people according to their cultural expression and identification.

• Commonalities such as racial, national, tribal, religious, linguistic, or

cultural origin may be used to describe someone’s ethnicity.

• While someone may say their race is “Black,” their ethnicity might be
Italian, or someone may say their race is “white,” and their ethnicity is
Irish.
 These two terms are often used interchangeably but are not actually
synonymous with each other. It is important to remember the difference as
these terms are used to describe an individual’s identity. Understanding the
difference can help you to use terms that are acceptable and respectable. It is
important to remember that race and ethnicity are social constructs.

Tip – people of the same color may be viewed as the same race. People
who live in the same country, speak the same language or have the same
traditions will tend to be of the same ethnicity. If in doubt just ask. Many
people have their own preference to what they want to identify as.
 Who am I? (IDENTITY)
Where are my roots? (NATIONALITY)
Identity
Who am I?
Of course, the most difficult question – and the most important – is the
first one. And we are totally free to answer as we like and we feel. No objective
data, no other person can answer for us. Our choices, our purpose in life, our
beliefs, our personality traits are important clues, but ultimately we decide
about their priority in defining who we are. Our nationality – our culture,
religion, language – adds to our identity, but there is so much more at stake.
Nationality
Where are my roots?
Nationality, so, is only a part of our identity. It is the place where we are
born or the nationality of our parents. It is where we feel at home or where our
roots are. It is our language, often our religion too. It is our food, our
traditions. It could even be our football team. We can choose to identify totally
with it or not, we can even feel disconnected, as it may happen in a
dysfunctional family.
?

?
Instruction: Create an infographic design on the other
religions of the world that were not discussed in the
meeting.
Submission will be on May 12, 2022 @ 11:59 Pm
Submit your outputs in the Google classroom.

Criteria
Creativity – 10
Content – 20
Relevance – 20
=50 points
Instruction: Enumerate 15 international artists/actors
(female & male) and describe their nationality and the
language/s they can speak.

Submission will be on May 12, 2022 @ 11:59 Pm

Submit your outputs in the Google classroom
 , !
Let’s take a photo! :D
 https://www.berlitz.com/blog/most-spoken-languages-world
https://www.verywellmind.com/difference-between-race-and-ethnicity-
5074205
https://humangeography.pressbooks.com/part/cultural-patterns-
processes/
https://slideshare.com/fleta/cultural-patterns-and-processes
https://supranationaldemocracy.net/2017/05/31identity-nationality-
citizenship/
https://hopetv.asia/articles/the-importance-of-religion/