CULTURE
Vibrant Communities – Social
• Was derived from Latin word
“colore”, which means to tend to the
earth and grow, or cultivation and
nurture (Zimmermann, 2017)
• It encompasses religion, food,
clothes, language, marriage, music,
beliefs, behavior, etiquette, and a
million other things (De Rossi, 2017)
CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION
• Involves the information of shared
norms and knowledge with which
people associate their individual and
collective cultural identities.
• Globalization brings increasing
interconnectedness among different
populations and cultures.
INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL BENEFITS OF
CULTURE
1. Intrinsic Benefits – Culture brings
people together (leisure,
entertainment, information, shared
experiences)
2. Improved learning and valuable
skills – Education and lifelong
learning.
3. Better health and well-being –
creativity and cultural engagement
improve mental and physical health.
4.
solidarity, cohesion, social inclusion,
community empowerment, civic
pride, tolerance
ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF CULTURE
1. Contribution to job creation – from
industrial to ‘creative’ economy.
2. Contribution to tourism.
3. Cultural planning – involves broad
community engagement.
CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
• An attitude and way of behaving in
which you are aware of and
knowledge cultural differences; it’s
crucial for such global goals as world
peace and economic growth as well
as for effective interpersonal
communication (Franklin & Mizell,
1995)
GENDER SENSITIVITY
1. Gender Assignment – gender from
birth (biological classification).
2. Gender Role – defined by society and
its view on what male or female
should be.
3. Gender Identity – how a person
identifies and sees himself/herself.
4. Gender Attribution – how
society/culture identifies a person
based on that society’s view of
gender role without knowing the
person’s identification.
CULTURAL APPRECIATION VS
CULTURAL APPROPRIATION
CULTURAL APPRECIATION
• Is when elements of culture are used
while honoring the source they came
from. It is important to take note
that appreciation involves respect
and value.
CULTURAL APPROPRIATION
• Is taking intellectual property,
traditional knowledge, cultural
expressions, or artifacts from
someone else’s culture without
permission. This can include
unauthorized use of another
culture’s dance, dress, music,
language, folklore, cuisine,
traditional medicine, religious
symbols, etc.
LANGUAGE VARIETIES & LANGUAGE
REGISTERS
LANGUAGE VARIETIES
1. Pidgin
• A new language which develops in
situations where speakers of
different languages need to
communicate but don’t share a
common language. The vocabulary of
pidgin comes mainly from one
particular language called the
“lexifier”
2. Creole
• A pidgin that has become a native
language of community.
• Has taken most of its vocabulary
from the lexifier but has its own
unique grammatical rules.
• Not restricted.
3. Regional Dialect
• Not a distinct language but a variety
of a language spoken in particular
area of country.
4. Minority Dialect
• A variety of language used by
minority ethnic group which they use
as a marker of identity, usually
alongside a standard variety.
5. Indigenized Variety
• Spoken mainly as second languages
in ex-colonies with Multilingual
populations.
LANGUAGE REGISTERS
1. Static Register/Frozen Register
• Style of communications that rarely
or never changes and does not
require feedbacks.
2. Formal Register
• Language used in formal settings and
usually follows a commonly accepted
format.
3. Consultative Register
• A professional discourse which is
formal, and the users are
accompanied by societal
expectations.
4. Casual Register
• Informal language used by peers and
friends (slang, vulgarities,
colloquialisms)

5. Intimate Register
• Used in ‘private’ communication and
is reserved for close family members
on intimate people.