Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Tim Smart
27th June 2016
2. Construction
(1) Tunnelling techniques
(2) Shaft construction
(3) Settlement
(4) Construction aspects
3. Costs implications
(1) Costs of tunnelling
P1509
2 (2) HOL/10014/0003
Tunnel Locations
P1509
3 (3) HOL/10014/0004
Tunnels Phase One
Twin Bored Tunnel Cut & Cover
• 7.4km • 1.4km
Euston Wendover
• London Clay • Chalk
• 14km • 2.1km
Northholt • London Greatworth • Glacial Till/Oolite/Whitby
Clay/Lambeth/Chalk Mudstone
• 2.5km
• 15.8km Chipping
Chilterns • Low Jurassic
• Chalk Warden
Marlstone/Mudstone
• 2.8km • 0.5km
Bromford • Penarth Group/Mercia Burton Green • Lower Carboniferous
Mudstone Mudstone
P1509
4 (4) HOL/10014/0005
1. Operational Aspects of Tunnelling
(1) Safety Arrangements
P1509
5 (5) HOL/10014/0006
1.(1) Minimum Safety Requirements (TSI)
Place of relative safety
If to the surface every 1 km
To adjacent independent tunnel tube every 500m
Fire Fighting Points - Applies to all tunnels over 1 km and rolling stock dependent
Tunnel Length 1 to 5 km at portals with minimum standing area
550 sq m
Tunnels over 5km at every 5km depending on rolling stock
characteristics
P1509
6 (6) HOL/10014/0007
1.(1) Tunnel Cross Passage
P1509
7 (7) HOL/10014/0008
1.(1) Emergency Train Evacuation
P1509
8 (8) HOL/10014/0009
1.(1) Evacuation Walkway & Tunnel Cross Passage Opening HS1
P1509
9 (9) HOL/10014/0010
1.(1) Intervention Gap
P1509
10 (10) HOL/10014/0011
1. (2) Noise and Vibration
P1509
11 (11) HOL/10014/0012
1. (2) Vibration mitigation via “booted sleeper” track
P1509
12 (12) HOL/10014/0013
1. (2) Vent Shafts and Operational Noise
HS2 vent shafts are designed, constructed operated and maintained along
with their associated stationary equipment so that noise in the worst
affected residential receptors conforms to British Standard guidance and
achieves the aims of the Noise Policy Statement for England.
Mechanical equipment within the vent shaft is only operated under the
following circumstances;
P1509
13 (13) HOL/10014/0014
1.(3) Vent Shafts and Smoke Control
Primary Purpose
Secondary Uses
P1509
14 (14) HOL/10014/0015
1.(3) Vent Shafts along Bored Tunnels
P1509
15 (15) HOL/10014/0016
1. (4) Energy use in Tunnels
Traction power
• Energy required for the traction power of the trains increases
in tunnels.
• In the open air 80% of the energy used by the train goes into
overcoming air resistance. This increases to 90% in a tunnel.
P1509
16 (16) HOL/10014/0017
2. Construction
(1) Tunnelling techniques
(2) Shaft construction
(3) Settlement
(4) Construction aspects
P1509
17 (17) HOL/10014/0018
2.(1) Construction
P1509
18 (18) HOL/10014/0019
2.(1) Bored Tunnels
Earth Pressure Balance Tunnel Boring Machine (EPBM)
P1509
19 (19) HOL/10014/0020
2.(1) Bored Tunnels
HS1 EPBM in factory showing back up arrangements
P1509
20 (20) HOL/10014/0021
2.(1) Bored Tunnels
Slurry or “Hydroshield” Tunnel Boring Machine
P1509
21 (21) HOL/10014/0022
2.(1) Segment Yard & Drive Site Locations
P1509
22 (22) HOL/10014/0023
2.(1) Precast Tunnel Lining Manufacture
P1509
23 (23) HOL/10014/0024
2.(1) Construction Plan - West Hyde
P1509
24 (24) HOL/10014/0025
2.(1) Construction Plan – South Heath
P1509
25 (25) HOL/10014/0026
2.(1) Types of Tunnel: Mined tunnel
P1509
26 (26) HOL/10014/0027
2.(1) Cut and Cover
Construction Methodology 1
P1509
27 (27) HOL/10014/0028
2. (1) HS1 Cut and Cover Tunnel
P1509
28 (28) HOL/10014/0029
2. (1) Cut and Cover
Construction Methodology 2
P1509
29 (29) HOL/10014/0030
2. (1) D-wall Construction
P1509
30 (30) HOL/10014/0031
2.(2) Shaft Construction
P1509
31 (31) HOL/10014/0032
2.(3) Settlement
INDICATIVE
P1509
32 (32) HOL/10014/0033
2.(3) Settlement & Rate of Tunnelling
The rate of tunnelling will be important in minimising settlement. This is
achieved by operating tunnel boring machines appropriately such as using
Earth Pressure Balance machines in “closed” mode.
P1509
33 (33) HOL/10014/0034
2.(3) Settlement and Protective Measures
The primary form of settlement mitigation will be by good tunnelling practice, including continuous
working. Where required additional measures (e.g. grouting and structural solutions) will be carried
out based on a three stage assessment as set out in Information Paper C3 Ground Settlement.
Phase 2 Assessment: In the case of predicted settlement of more than 10mm or 1/500 slope an
individual building assessment will be carried out. If the potential damage classification is category
2 (slight) or below no further assessment is required.
Settlement Deed. Properties within 30 metres of tunnels may apply for a Deed as set out in
information paper C3 to ensure that protective measures are implemented in accordance with the
assessment criteria.
P1509
34 (34) HOL/10014/0035
2.(4) Construction Aspects – Noise Tunnel Drive Sites
Tunnel drive sites generate similar noise levels to other large
construction sites.
Tunnel sites will be subject to the same HS2 procedures set out
under the Code of Construction practice and will be subject to
Local Authority Approval under Section 61 of CoPA.
P1509
35 (35) HOL/10014/0036
2.(4) Construction Aspects – Noise Tunnel Boring
Sound and vibration from the tunnel boring machine will be
perceptible inside properties for a few days either side of the
TBM as it passes beneath them.
P1509
36 (36) HOL/10014/0037
3. Costs of Tunnelling
Fixed Costs
TBM typically £15 to £25m
Back up material handling similar costs order
Power supply
Linear Costs
Labour
Lining materials
Excavated material disposal
Ground monitoring
Ground treatment
Tunnel logistics
P1509
37 (37) HOL/10014/0038
Cost vs. Length
P1509
38 (38) HOL/10014/0039
Thank you