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S D M College of Engineering & Technology, Dharwad

Department of Electrical & ElectronicsEngineering,

VI Semester
Minor Project-1 Report on

LOAD CALCULATION AND ESTIMATION OF ELECTRICAL

WIRING SCHEME OF MY HOUSE

By
NAVANEET – 2SD18EE032

Under the Guidance of:

Dr. RL CHAKRASALI
2021-2022
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S.D.M. College of Engineering &Technology

Dharwad – 580002
(An Autonomous Institution affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belagavi – 59

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the project work entitled LOAD CALCULATION AND ESTIMATION ELECTRICAL WIRING
SCHEME OF MY HOUSE is an original work Carried out by NAVANEET PS ( 2SD18EE032 )n partial fulfilment
for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS of S. D. M. College of
Engineering & Technology under theVisvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the year 2021 –
22.The project report has been Approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of Project work
prescribed for the award of Bachelor of Engineering Degree.

Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD Signature of the Principal

Name and signature of the examiners:

SL No Name Signature with date

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Context

1.Electrical Wiring And Load Calculation

1.1. Introduction
1.2 Electrical wiring and its types
1.3 Advantages of Electrical wiring
1.4 Distribution of Electricity
1.5 Electrical load
1.6 load factor
1.7 Top Energy uses
1.8 Diagram of Electrical wiring in my House

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1.1 Introduction
Much of what you need to know for electrical repairs and remodeling involves wiring how to
identify it, how to buy it, and how to install it with proper connections. If you’re planning any
electrical project, learning the basics of wiring materials and installation is the best place to
start. Understanding basic wiring terminology and identifying the most common types of
wire and cable will help when investigating wiring problems and when choosing the wiring
for new installation and remodelling projects.

1.2 Electrical Wiring

Electrical Wiring is a process of connecting cables and wires to the related devices such as
fuse, switches, sockets, lights, fans etc to the main distribution board is a specific structure to
the utility pole for continues power supply.
In this method of wiring, connections to appliances are made through joints. These joints are
made in joint boxes by means of suitable connectors or joints cutouts. This method of wiring
doesn’t consume too much cables size.You might think because this method of wiring
doesn’t require too much cable it is therefore cheaper. It is of course but the money you
saved from buying cables will be used in buying joint boxes, thus equation is balanced. This
method is suitable for temporary installations and it is cheap.

Different Types of Electrical Wiring Systems

• Cleat wiring
• Wooden casing and capping wiring
• CTS or TRS or PVC sheath wiring
• Lead sheathed or metal sheathed wiring
• Conduit wiring

1.3 Advantages of Electrical Wiring

• No risk of mechanical wear and tear and fire, hence it is the safest wiring system.
• Customization can be done easily.
• Repairing and maintenance are easy.
• It is a long-lasting reliable and popular wiring system.
• It can be used even in the humidity chemical effect and risk of fire.

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1.4 Distribution of Electricity
The Electricity Board / Department provides the electric supply up to the outside the
consumer’s premises (either residential, commercial or industrial). The consumer has to take
the connection from that point to the main distribution board / switchboard at home.
From the main switchboard / distribution board, various types of electrical loads such as
fans, lights, room coolers, and refrigerators are connected through respective circuits and
electrical wiring.

Some common factors to be considered while choosing a particular Electrical Wiring

System are:
• Cost of the Wiring System
• Type of Wires / Cables used
• Quality of the Wires
• Type of load (light, HVAC, motors etc.)
• Safety of the Wiring System
• Possibility of future modifications / extensions
• Life of installation
• Fire safety

1.5 Electrical Load

The device which takes electrical energy is known as the electric load. In other words, the
electrical load is a device that consumes electrical energy in the form of the current and
transforms it into other forms like heat, light, work, etc. The electrical load may be resistive,
inductive, capacitive or some combination between them. The term load is used in the
number of ways.

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Appliances Number of Watt Total Watt No. Of Total Energy

use Hours

Tubelight 4 25 100 6 600

Fan 3 70 210 14 2940

LED 7 15 105 7 735

Mixer 1 750 750 1 750

Refrigerator 1 200 200 24 4800

TV 1 120 120 15 1800

Iron Box 2 1000 2000 1 2000

Mobile
charger 4 7 28 7 196

Laptop 2 200 400 2 800

TOTAL 25 2387 3913W 14.621W

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1.6 Load factor

Load factor is defined as the ratio of the average load over a given period to the maximum
demand (peak load) occurring in that period. In other words, the load factor is the ratio of
energy consumed in a given period of the times of hours to the peak load which has occurred
during that particular period.

Calculation of Load Factor

Energy consumed = 3913 / 24

= 163.041

Maximum demand / Laod = 3700 W

Load Factor = Average load / Maximum demand × 100

= 163.041 / 3700 ×100
= 4.4 %
1.7 Top Energy uses

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1.8 Diagram of Electrical wiring in my House

Components used in Electrical wirin

▪ Electric Meter
▪ Fuse
▪ Distribution Box
▪ Main Switch
▪ Trip Switch
▪ Wall Switches
▪ Plug Sockets
▪ Electrical Wires & Cables
▪ Two Way Switches

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HOW CAN WE IMPROVE LOAD FACTOR?

Lower your peak demand by delaying or staggering usage instead of running all your
appliances at once during peak periods. To review your usage history, and track it going
forward, go online to our website, and sign up for SmartHub and review your daily usage to
identify the hours your household is using the most energy. Then compare your household to
the 24-hour time clock above (winter months) that identifies the off-peak hours and the on-
peak hours of the day to stagger or delay usage.

CONCLUSION : You can count on us, your local electric Cooperative. We are continuously
planning for the future to maintain our historical high levels of safety and reliability. We will
build the system you need to power your homes, farms and businesses, regardless of how
you choose to use it.
This is a simple learning guide on Electrical Wiring Systems, Different Types of Electrical
Wiring, factors to consider while selecting an installation method, different types of electrical
drawing used and also few example wiring diagrams / circuits.

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