INDUSTRIAL TRANING REPORT

On

Completion of training

In

Substation Power House, Murthal

Submitted in the partial fulfilment for the award of

Diploma
In
Electrical Engineering
(2022-2024)

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Hannu Gupta
Rajesh Garg 220190900006
H.O.D.
Electrical Engineering
.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

HINDU INSTITUDE OF TECHNOLOGY, SONIPAT

Affiliated to:

HARYANA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, SONIPAT.

 PREFACE
The important of independent project work needs no emphasis. One of the
characteristics of modern scenario is the increasing rapidity of change. This
intensifies the need for study, adaptation and training. for an engineering student
the project work is important as the theoretical knowledge and sometimes more
than the theory part.

The practical project work not only makes a student familiar with the atmosphere
and conditions of industry but sufficiently increases his/her knowledge by
providing a sense of confidence and motivation. The main object of all project
works is to prepare an individual so that he/she can accomplish his/her task
efficiently and effectively and can take up and handle jobs of higher
responsibility.

Project is an act of increasing the knowledge and skills of a student for doing a
particular job. The major useful knowledge during the project work that helps
him/her present job more efficiently and be prepared for higher level job.

Project work is designed to improve performances and bring about measurable

changes in knowledge skill, attitude and social behaviours of an individual.
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to express my greatest appreciation to the all individuals who have
helps and supported me throughout the project. I am thankful to Mr. Tarun
Electrical Engineering for his ongoing support during the project, from initial
device, and encouagment, which led to the final report of this project. I would
also like to thank Mr. Tarun mittal Who was always there in our electrical lab for
assistance.

A special acknowledgement goes to my classmates who helped me in completing

the project by exchanging interesting ideas and sharing their experience.

I wish to Rajesh Jakhar as well for their undivided support and interest who
inspired me and encouraged me to go my own way, without whom I would be
unable to complete my project.

At the end, I want to thank Rajesh Jakhar who displayed appreciation to my work
and motivated me to continue my work.

Hannu Gupta
220190900006
CERTIRICATE
 CONTENTS

1) PREFACE

2) ACKNOWLEDGMENT

3) CERTIFICATE

4) INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION

A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission and distribution

system. Substation transform voltage from high to low or reverse or any of serval
other important functions.
Electric power may flow through or any of serval other important functions.
Electric power may flow through several substation between generating plant and
consumer and its voltage may change in several steps.
A substation has a step up transformer which increase the voltage while
decreasing the current while a step down transformer decrease the voltage while
increasing the current for domestic and commercial distribution.
The word substation comes from the days before the distribution system became
a grid. The first substation were subsidiaries of that power station.
POWER HOUSE
6 KV Distribution system in Area

IN MURTHAL POWER HOUSE the control is divided into two sections.

1) The low tension section
2) The high tension section

*THE MAIN COMPONENT OF THE POWER

HOUSE;

; Switch gear
; Transformer (11000/433 VOLT 200 KVA )
; Isolator
; Bus bar
; Circuit breaker (Air circuit breaker on L.T side and vacuum circuit breaker
on H.T.side )
; Realys (earth fault relay and over current relay)
; Hooter / Alarm

The components are described in brief from the power house bellow .
 Switch gear = it is a combination of electrical disconnect switches’ fuses
and circuit breaker used to control, protect and isolate electrical equipment
This switchgear is connected to the incoming supply from CESC. There are two
connections available (one kept for emergency)
 The connections are coupled together by a bus coupler and then send to the
transformer for further step down of voltage, as required.
If any fault occurs upstream (i.e.., in supply side), this switchgear immediately
disconnects from the supply there by preventing further spreading of fault and
hence keeping alive the essential railway operations.

 Step down transformer: A transformer is a device that transfer electric

energy from one circuit to another circuit through inductively coupled
conductors---the transformer coil---a varying current in the first or primary
winding creates a varying electromotive force (EMF) or voltage in the
secondary winding. This effect is called mutual induction.
If a load is connected to the secondary, an electric current will flow in the
secondary winding and electrical energy will be transferred from the primary
circuit through the transformer to the load. In an ideal transformer, the induced
voltage (VS) in the secondary ending is proportion to primary voltage (VP) and
is given by the radio of the number of turns in the secondary (NS) to the numbers
of turns in primary (NP) as follows

VS/VP=NS/NP

By appropriate selection of the ratio of turns, a transformer thus allows an

alternating current voltage to be ‘stepped up’ by making ns greater than NP or’’
stepped down ‘’ by making NS greater than NP or ‘’ stepped down’’
making ns less than np

In the vast majority of transformer, the winding are coils wound around a
ferromagnetic core, air-core transformers being a notable exception In
MURTHAL POWER two transformers are used; two 300KVA and another 200
KVA

Two 300KVA Transformers; the winding are connected in parallel

A spare 500 KVA transformer is kept for backup .
.500KVA. Transformer rating :

C Serial no. 1581/D7-08

Maker AUTOMATIC ELECTRIC GROUP
KVA. 500 kva
Voltage at no load H.V:6000V.;L.V:415V.
Amperes H.V:48.11A.;L.V:695.62A.
Phases H.V:3 ; L.V:3
Type of cooling Oil natural cooling
Frequency 50 c/s
Impedance voltage 4.37%
Vector group ref. Dy11
Core and wedge 1140 kg.
Weight of oil 451 kg.
Total weight 2105 kg.
Oil amount 530 liters
Maximum temperature rise in oil 45 degree
  Isolator: in electrical engineering. An isolator switch is used to make sure
that an electrical circuit can be completely de-energised for service or
maintenance. Such switches are Often found in electrical distribution and
industrial application where machinery must have its source of driving
power removed for adjustment or repair. High voltage isolation switches
are used in electrical substation to allow isolation of apparatus such as
circuit breakers transformer and transmission lines for maintenance.

 Bus Bar: in electrical power distribution, a bus bar is a metallic strip (or
bus ) that conducts electrical within a distribution board or substation.
Its main purpose is to conduct a substancial current of electricity and not to
function as a structural member.

Bus bar in the control panel

It is a wide and thick strip of metal generally copper wich and thick strip of
metal generally copper wich carry high voltage power. The bus bars are used
instead OC wire to reduce the transmission losses.

 Bus coupler: bus coupler provides electrical isolation bus by employing

coupling transformers and fault isolation resistors.
The bus coupler contain two isolation resistors (one per wire) and an isolation
transformer ( with a ratio one to the square root of two ).

The purpose of bus coupler is to prevent a short on a single stub from shorting
the main data bus. The buses of two different voltage levels cannot is used to join
the buses of different voltage level.

Bus coupler

 Protective relays = A relay is fault sensing device. Many relay use an

electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism mechanically, but other
operating principles are also used.
Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power
signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled
circuit) or where several circuits must be controlled by one.
The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits, repeating the
signal coming from one circuit and re-transmitting it to another.
Relays were extensively used in telephone exchanges and early computers to
perform logical operations.
A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an
electric motor is called a conductor. Solid state relays control power circuit
with no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device to perform
switching.
 Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes multiple
operating coils are used to protect electrical circuits from overload or fault; in
modern electric power systems these functions are performed by digital
instruments still called “protective relays”

Protective Relay
The relays used in Murthal power house are of mainly two types,
 over current relays
 Earth fault relays

 The relays specification (based on one sample on HT.panel ):

Over current relays Earth fault relay

Modal no CDG31E001SBCH Modal no. CDG31EG001SBCH
Serial no- 130954160621011 Serial no.-130954160621011
C.T.SEC: 5 AMPS;2.5-10 AMPS C.T.SEC : 5AMPS;1-4 Amps
Frequency: 50HZ. Frequency :50 Hz

 Oil circuit breaker (O.C.B): The oil in OCB’s serves two purposes. it
insulates between the phases and the ground, and it provides the medium for
the extinguishing of arc. When electrical arc is drawn under oil, the arc
vaporises the oil and creates a large bubble that surrounds the arc.

 The gas inside the bubble is around 80%hydrogen, which impairs ionisation.
The decomposition of oil into gas required energy that comes from the heat
 generated by the arc. The oil surrounding the bubble conducts the heat away
from the arc and thus also contribution to deionisation of the arc.

Oil circuit breaker

 the oil circuit breaker specification (board on one sample on the LT. panel
of 1 no PF. Substation
SL.NO. 2K2132
Type HN2T
Normal current 400A.
Service voltage 415V.
Design frequency 50 HZ.
Breaking capacity 25 MVA.
Trip coil rating 5 A.
Calibration 100/200%
C.T. ratio 800/5

 Air circuit breaker (A.C.B): The working principle of this breaker is rather
is rather different from those in any other types of circuit breaker. The main
aim of all kind of circuit breaker is to prevent the reestablishment of arcing
after current zero by creating a situation where in the contact an arc voltage in
excess of the supply voltage.
 Arc voltage is defined as the minimum voltage required maintaining the arc.
This circuit breaker increases the arc voltage by mainly three different ways

1) It may increase the arc voltage by cooling the arc plasma.as the temperature
of arc plasma is decreased, the mobility of the particle in arc plasma is
reduced’ hence more voltage gradient is required to maintain the arc.
2) It may increase the arc voltage by lengthening the arc path. As the
lengthening the are path. As the length of arc path. As the length of are path
is increased, the increased and hence to be applied across the arc voltage is
increased.
3) Splitting up the arc into a number of series arcs also increases the are
voltage

various internal parts of an air circuit breaker

 The air circuit breaker specification (board on one sample on L.T

panel):

Maker PULSER
Frame LH800 DM 1T3P
Sl.no. Y606183IS:13947 (PART-2)
IEC-947-2 IS:13947(PART-2)
Utilization category 8

 Rated characteristics
 In 400A.
ITH@40degree C. 800A.
ICS & ICU 50 KA.
ICW 50 KA.., 1 sec
Power factor 0.25
UI=1000vue=415v Frequency: 50/60hz
U/V 40AC

 SUBSTATION OF PF.NO. 1 : The 6 kv. High voltage is transmitted

to the 1 no. platform of MURTHAL rail station from the power house and
stepped down to 415 V. (phase to phase) by a 300 KVA. Transformer
situated in the substation.
 The 415 V. supply is then distributed to the entire Murthal station, all the
platforms, the offices, ticket counters, train boards, digital clock,
announcement speakers and all of the lights and fans pf Murthal main and
south both section are run by this supply.

 The diesel engine- alternator arrangement situation at substation of PF.

No.1.:
There is a diesel engine coupled with a alternator in the 1 no. platform substation
for delivering power when main power is not available means at the time of load
shading.
This alternator produce 3 phase 415 V and make run the essential systems of
Murthal station at the time of load shading

The diesel engine and alternator arrangement at pf.no.1. Substation