SECTION 15105 Pipes and Tubes Rev 0

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SECTION 15105:
GUIDELINE SPECIFICATION FOR

PIPES AND TUBES
0 31/01106 11ssuedforUse
REV DATE DESCRIPTION PREPARED BY RC APPROVED
KINGDOM
OFSAUDIARABIA ~~~1 ~f!J1 d.61ooJl
Royal Commissionlor Jubail & Yanbu ~~ ~ 464]1~1
SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Item No Title Page No
PART 1 GENERAL............................................................................................................ 1
1.01 DESCRIPTION OF WORK .................................................................................. 1
1.02 SECTION INCLUDES .......................................................................................... 1
1.03 RELATED SECTIONS ......................................................................................... 1
1.04 REFERENCES..................................................................................................... 2
1.05 SUBMITTALS....................................................................................................... 9
1.06 QUALITY CONTROL ......................................................................................... 10
1.07 HEALTH AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS.................................................... 10
1.08 DESIGN CRITERIA............................................................................................ 11
1.09 DELIVERY, HANDLING AND STORAGE ......................................................... 14
PART 2 PRODUCTS ....................................................................................................... 16
2.01 GENERAL .......................................................................................................... 16
2.02 MATERIALS ....................................................................................................... 16
2.03 FABRICATION AND MANUFACTURE.............................................................. 35
2.04 PLUMBING PIPING ........................................................................................... 35
2.05 HVAC PIPING .................................................................................................... 36
2.06 JOINING MATERIALS ....................................................................................... 38
2.07 STEEL PIPE SYSTEM COMPONENTS............................................................ 42
2.08 CAST IRON SOIL PIPE COMPONENTS .......................................................... 42
2.09 COPPER PIPE COMPONENTS........................................................................ 42
2.10 PVC PIPE COMPONENTS................................................................................ 43
2.11 UNIONS AND FLANGES................................................................................... 43
Rev 0 i Contract No:

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Contd.)
Item No Title Page No
PART 3 EXECUTION ...................................................................................................... 45
3.01 GENERAL EXAMINATION ................................................................................ 45
3.02 GENERAL PREPARATION ............................................................................... 45
3.03 INSTALLATION.................................................................................................. 45
3.04 PIPING SYSTEM JOINTS ................................................................................. 48
3.05 PIPING PROTECTION ...................................................................................... 51
3.06 ROUTES AND GRADES ................................................................................... 52
3.07 STEEL PIPING SYSTEM – GENERAL ............................................................. 52
3.08 HANGER AND SUPPORT INSTALLATION ...................................................... 52
3.09 FUEL GAS DISTRIBUTION PIPING SYSTEMS INSTALLATION..................... 53
3.10 NON-FLAMMABLE MEDICAL GAS PIPING SYSTEMS INSTALLATION ........ 54
3.11 MEDICAL VACUUM PIPING SYSTEMS ........................................................... 55
3.12 STEEL PIPING SYSTEM - TEEING OFF MAIN LINE....................................... 55
3.13 NON-FERROUS PIPING CONNECTIONS ....................................................... 55
3.14 UNIONS AND FLANGES................................................................................... 55
3.15 GAS PIPING....................................................................................................... 56
3.16 PIPING SCHEDULE .......................................................................................... 56
Rev 0 ii Contract No:

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
PART 1 GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION OF WORK
A. The Contractor shall provide all tools labor, equipment and material to perform the
work in this Section, consisting of furnishing and installing of pipes and tubes for all
fire protection, plumbing and HVAC systems.
1.02 SECTION INCLUDES
A. Above Grade Water Distribution Piping System
B. Below Grade Water Distribution Piping System
C. Above Grade Soil, Waste and Vent Piping Systems
D. Below Grade Soil, Waste and Vent Piping Systems
E. Storm Drainage Piping System
F. Hydronic Heating Piping System
G. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Piping Systems
H. Fuel Gas Distribution Piping Systems
I. Fire Sprinkler Piping Systems
J. Non-flammable Medical Gas Piping Systems
K. Medical Vacuum Piping Systems
1.03 RELATED SECTIONS
A. Section 01320 Construction Progress Documentation
B. Section 01330 Submittal Procedures
C. Section 01410 Regulatory Requirements
D. Section 01450 Quality Control
E. Section 01650 Product Delivery Requirements
F. Section 01660 Product Storage and Handling Requirements
G. Section 15055 General Requirement for Piping System
H. Section 15075 Mechanical Identification
I. Section 15080 Mechanical Insulation
Rev 0 1 of 57 Contract No:

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
J. Section 15085 Welding, Brazing and Soldering of Piping
K. Section 15140 Domestic Hot and Cold Water Piping
L. Section 15145 Flushing, Cleaning and Treatment of Water Piping
M. Section 15180 Heating and Cooling Piping
N. Section 15195 Testing of Piping
1.04 REFERENCES
A. The referred codes and standards are intended to provide an acceptable level of
quality for materials, products and workmanship. In case of conflict between these
standards and the text of this Specification, the Specification text shall govern.
B. The latest revision of the referred codes and standards shall be used wherever
applicable. In case of conflict, the Contractor shall propose equipment, materials and
processes conforming to one group of codes and standards.
C. ANSI/ASME American National Standards Institute/American Society of

Mechanical Engineers
1. ANSI/ASME B16.3 Standard Specification for Malleable - Iron Threaded

Fittings
2. ANSI/ASME B16.5 Standard Specification for Pipe Flanges and Flanged

Fittings, NPS ½ Through NPS 24
3. ANSI/ASME B16.9 Standard Specification for Factory-Made Wrought

Steel Buttwelding Fittings
4. ANSI/ASME B16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and Threaded
5. ANSI B16.18 Standard Specification for Cast Copper Alloy Solder

Joint Pressure Fittings
6. ANSI/ASME B16.21 Non-Metallic Flat Gaskets for Pipes Flanges
7. ANSI B16.22 Standard Specification for Wrought Copper and

Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings
8. ANSI/ASME B16.23 Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage Fittings
9. ANSI/ASME B16.24 Bronze Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, Class

150 and 300
10. ANSI/ASME B16.25 Standard Specification for Buttwelding Ends
11. ANSI/ASME B16.26 Cast Copper Alloy Fittings for Flanged Copper Tubes
12. ANSI/ASME B16.29 Wrought Copper and Wrought Copper Alloy Solder
Joint Drainage Fittings

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
13. ASME B16.32 Wrought Copper and Bronze Drainage Fittings
14. ANSI/ASME B16.39 Standard Specification for Pipe Unions, Malleable

Iron Threaded
15. ANSI/ASME B31.1 Standard Specification for Power Piping
16. ANSI/ASME B31.3 Standard Specification for Process Piping
17. ANSI/ASME B31.5 Standard Specification for Refrigeration Piping
18. ASME B31.9 Standard Specification for Building Services Piping
19. ASME B36.10M Standard for Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel
Pipe
20. ASME Section IX Standard Specification for Welding and Brazing

Qualifications
D. ASTM American Society of Testing and Materials
1. ASTM A47M Standard Specification for Ferritic Malleable Iron

Castings
2. ASTM A53M Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and

Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated Welded and Seamless
3. ASTM A74 Standard Specification for Cast Iron Soil Pipe
4. ASTM A106 Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel

Pipe for High-Temperature Service
5. ASTM A135 Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-

Welded Steel Pipe
6. ASTM A234M Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought

Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High
Temperature Service
7. ASTM A312 Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded

Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes
8. ASTM A409 Standard Specification for Welded Large Diameter

Austenitic Steel Pipe for Corrosive or High-
Temperature Service
9. ASTM A530 Standard Specification for General Requirements for

Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe
10. ASTM A536 Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Castings
11. ASTM A733 Standard Specification for Galvanized Steel Fittings

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
12. ASTM A795 Standard Specification for Black and Hot-Dipped

Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Welded and Seamless
Steel Pipe for Fire Protection Use
13. ASTM A861 Standard Specification for Hubless Fittings,

Elastomeric Gaskets and Stainless Steel
Mechanical Joint Components
14. ASTM B32 Standard Specification for Solder Metal
15. ASTM B42 Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Pipe,

Standard Sizes
16. ASTM B43 Standard Specification for Seamless Red Brass

Pipe, Standard Sizes
17. ASTM B75 Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube
18. ASTM B88M Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Water

Tube
19. ASTM B280 Standard Specification for Seamless Copper

Tube for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Field
Service
20. ASTM B306 Standard Specification for Copper Drainage Tube

(DWV)
21. ASTM B584 Standard Specification for Copper Alloy Sand

Castings for General Applications
22. ASTM B664 Standard Specification for 80% Silver - 20% Graphite
Sliding Contact Material
23. ASTM B813 Standard Specification for Liquid and Paste Fluxes
for Soldering Applications of Copper and Copper
Alloy Tube

for Medical Gas Systems
25. ASTM B828 Standard Practice for Making Capillary Joints by

Soldering of Copper and Copper Alloy Tube and
Fittings

for Natural Gas and Liquified Petroleum (LP) Gas
Fuel Distribution Systems
27. ASTM C12 Standard Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe
Lines
28. ASTM C14M Standard Specification for Concrete Sewer, Storm

Drain, and Culvert Pipe

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
29. ASTM C425 Standard Specification for Compression Joints for

Vitrified Clay Pipe and Fittings
30. ASTM C443M Standard Specification for Joints for Circular

Concrete Sewer and Culvert Pipe, Using Rubber
Gaskets
31. ASTM C564 Standard Specification for Rubber Gaskets for Cast
Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings
32. ASTM C700 Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra
Strength, Standard Strength, and Perforated
33. ASTM D1785 Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)

Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120
34. ASTM D2235 Standard Specification for Solvent Cement for

Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe
and Fittings
35. ASTM D2239 Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic

Pipe (SIDR-PR) Based on Controlled Inside
Diameter

Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR Series)
37. ASTM D2310 Standard Classification for Machine-Made

"Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-
Resin) Pipe
38. ASTM D2447 Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic

Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80, Based on Outside
Diameter
39. ASTM D2464 Standard Specification for Threaded Poly (Vinyl

Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80

Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40

Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80
42. ASTM D2564 Standard Specification for Solvent Cements for Poly
(Vinyl Chloride) PVC Plastic Pipe and Fittings
43. ASTM D2657 Standard Practice for Heat Fusion Joining of

Polyolefin Pipe and Fittings
44. ASTM D2661 Standard Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-

Styrene (ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste,
and Vent Pipe and Fittings

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
45. ASTM D2662 Standard Specification for Polybutylene (PB) Plastic

Pipe (SIDR-PR) Based on Controlled Inside
Diameter
46. ASTM D2665 Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride)

(PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste and Vent Pipe and
Fittings

Tubing

Styrene (ABS) and Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Composite Sewer Piping

Sewer Pipe and Fittings

Styrene(ABS) Sewer Pipe and Fittings
51. ASTM D2846M Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl

Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water
Distribution Systems
52. ASTM D2996 Standard Specification for Filament-Wound

Resin) Pipe
53. ASTM D2997 Standard Specification for Centrifugally Cast

Resin) Pipe
54. ASTM D3034 SDR35 Standard Specification for Type PSM Poly(Vinyl
Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe and Fittings
55. ASTM D3138 Standard Specification for Solvent Cements for

Transition Joints Between Acrylonitrile-
Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) and Poly (Vinyl
Chloride) (PVC) Non-Pressure Piping Components
56. ASTM D3222 Standard Specification for Unmodified Poly

(Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF) Molding Extrusion and
Coating Materials
57. ASTM D3262 Standard Specification for "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-

Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Sewer Pipe

Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution Systems
59. ASTM D3311 Standard Specification for Drain, Waste and Vent
(DWV) Plastic Fittings Patterns

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES

Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pressure Pipe

Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Sewer and
Industrial Pressure Pipe

Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe Fittings for
Nonpressure Applications
63. ASTM D4101 Standard Specification for Propylene Plastic Injection

and Extrusion Materials
64. ASTM F402 Standard Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent

Cements, Primers and Cleaners Used for Joining
Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
65. ASTM F437 Standard Specification for Threaded Chlorinated

Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings,
Schedule 80
66. ASTM F438 Standard Specification for Socket-Type Chlorinated

Schedule 40
67. ASTM F439 Standard Specification for Socket-Type Chlorinated

Schedule 80
68. ASTM F441M Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl

Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80
69. ASTM F442M Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl

Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR)
70. ASTM F477 Standard Specification for Elastomeric Seals

(Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe
71. ASTM F493 Standard Specification for Solvent Cements for

Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe
and Fittings
72. ASTM F628 Standard Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-

Styrene (ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste,
and Vent Pipe With a Cellular Core
73. ASTM F845 Standard Specification for Plastic Insert Fittings for
Polybutylene (PB) Tubing
74. ASTM F876 Standard Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene

(PEX) Tubing
75. ASTM F877 Standard Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
(PEX) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution

Systems
E. AWS American Welding Society
1. AWS A5.8 Specification for Filler Metals for Brazing and

Braze Welding
2. AWS A5.31 Specification for Fluxes for Brazing and Braze

Welding
3. AWS B2.2 Standard for Brazing Procedure and Performance

Qualification
4. AWS C3.4 Specification for Torch Brazing
5. AWS D1.1M Steel Structural Welding Code
6. AWS D10.4 Recommended Practices for Welding Austenitic

Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Piping and Tubing
7. AWS D10.9 Standard for Qualification of Welding Procedures and

Welders for Piping and Tubing
F. AWWA American Water Works Association
1. AWWA C105/A21.5 Standard for Polyethylene Encasement for Ductile

Iron Pipes
2. AWWA C110 Ductile Iron Flanged Fittings
3. AWWA C111/A21.11 Rubber-Gasketed Joint for Ductile Iron Pressure

Pipes and Fittings
4. AWWA C151/A21.51 Standard for Ductile Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast
5. AWWA C600 Installation of Ductile-Iron Water Mains and Their

Appurtenances
6. AWWA C900 Standard for PVC Pressure Pipe and Fabricated

Fittings
7. AWWA C950 Fiberglass Pressure Pipes
G. CGA Compressed Gas Association
1. CGA G-4.1 Cleaning Equipment for Oxygen Service
H. IIW International Institute for Welding
1. IIW XV-50-56E Rules for Welded Constructions
I. MSS Manufacturers Standardization Society

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
1. MSS SP58 Pipe Hangers and Support Materials, Design and

Manufacture
2. MSS SP69 Pipe Hangers and Supports – Selection and

Application
J. NFPA National Fire Protection Association
1. NFPA 13 Standard for the Installation of Fire Sprinkler System
2. NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids
3. NFPA 99 Standard for Health Care Facilities
1.05 SUBMITTALS
A. The Contractor shall submit to the Royal Commission, under the provisions of
SECTION 01330, the following items for review and approval before commencing
Work:
1. Product dimensional information.
2. Installation instructions.
3. Description of available tools to assist and/or speed installation.
4. Product Data
a) Provide general assembly of specialties, including manufacturers’

catalog information. Provide manufacturers catalog data including load
capacity, technical data, descriptions such as material compositions,
allowable stresses for pipes and tubes, working pressures, etc.
5. Shop Drawings
a) Indicate schematic layout of system, including equipment, critical

dimensions and sizes.
6. Design Data
a) Submit design data indicating pipe sizing. Indicate load carrying capacity
of trapeze, multiple pipe and riser support hangers.
7. Test Reports
a) Indicate results of leak test, acid test.
8. Manufacturer's Installation Instructions
a) Indicate support, connection requirements and isolation for servicing.
9. Submit welders’ certification of compliance with ASME (BPV IX).

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
10. Project Record Documents
a) Record exact locations of equipment and refrigeration accessories on

record drawings.
11. Maintenance Data
a) Include instructions for changing cartridges, assembly views and spare

parts lists.
1.06 QUALITY CONTROL
A. The Contractor shall be responsible for the quality of work and shall develop and
propose programs and methods of construction and testing to achieve the specified
quality to the approval of the Royal Commission in accordance with
SECTION 01450.
B. Source Quality Control
1. Inspection of welded joints shall be carried out in accordance with the

requirements of ANSI B31.3.
2. All welds shall be subjected to a random radiographical examination to an

extent of 10%. Parts to be examined shall be selected by the Royal
Commission.
3. Repaired welds shall be radiographically inspected to the extent required by

the Royal Commission.
4. Pipes, fittings and prefabricated sections for the piping shall be subjected to a
hydrostatic test at the test pressure specified for use.
5. Refer to SECTION 15195 for the hydro test schedule.
C. Follow manufacturer’s requirements for installation.
D. Welding procedures per ANSI/ASME Section 9, AWS D10.9 and D1.1M and the
National Certified Pipe Welding Bureau.
E. Brazing procedures per ANSI B31.5 and the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
SFA-5.8, Section II.
F. Soldering procedures per ANSI B16.18.
G. Comply with ANSI B31 pressure code for pressure piping.
H. All pressure testing shall be carried out in the presence of the Royal Commission.
1.07 HEALTH AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
A. All works undertaken in relation to this Specification are to be completed in full

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
accordance with the respective health and safety requirements established by the
following:
1. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
a) Legislation, Regulation, Standards and Codes.
2. Royal Commission Regulations
a) Standards, Contractual Conditions and Health and Safety Systems.
3. Contractor
a) Health and Safety Standards and Systems as accepted by the Royal

Commission.
B. In the absence of any of the above, best accepted industry practice shall be
employed throughout.
1.08 DESIGN CRITERIA
A. Design Requirements
1. The Contractor shall comply with all design criteria given by the Royal
Commission Design Criteria, Chapter 2: Environmental, Chapter 6: Mechanical
and Chapter 12: Corrosion Control.
2. Site Conditions
a) Refer to the Royal Commission Design Criteria Chapter 2:

Environmental.
3. The Contractor shall be responsible for checking mechanical loads and

submitting calculations if there is any deviation.
4. Internal Design Pressure
a) The internal design pressure shall be not less than the maximum
sustained operating pressure (MSOP) within the piping system including
the effects of static head.
b) Pump shut-off head shall be considered as maximum for design

pressure, if applicable.
5. External Design Pressure
a) Piping subject to external pressure shall be designed for the maximum

differential pressure anticipated during operating, shutdown or test
conditions.
6. Design Temperature

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
a) The piping shall be designed for a metal temperature representing the

maximum sustained condition expected. The design temperature shall
be assumed to be the same as the fluid temperature unless calculations
or tests support the use of other data, in which case the design
temperature shall not be less than the average of the fluid temperature
and the outside wall temperature.
b) Where a fluid passes through heat exchangers in series, the design

temperature of the piping in each section of the system shall conform to
the most severe temperature condition expected to be produced by the
heat exchangers in that section of the system.
c) For steam, feedwater and hot water piping leading from fired equipment
(such as boiler, reheater, superheater, economizer, etc.), the design
temperature shall be based on the expected continuous operating
condition plus the equipment manufacturers’ guaranteed maximum
temperature tolerance.
d) Accelerated creep damage, leading to excessive creep strains and

potential pipe rupture, caused by extended operation above the design
temperature shall be considered in selecting the design temperature for
piping to be operated above 426.7°C (800°F).
7. Ambient Influences
a) Cooling Effects on Pressure

1) Where the cooling of a fluid may reduce the pressure in the piping
to below atmospheric, the piping shall be designed to withstand
the external pressure or provision shall be made to break the
vacuum.
b) Fluid Expansion Effects

1) Where the expansion of a fluid may increase the pressure, the
piping system shall be designed to withstand the increased
pressure or provision shall be made to relieve the excess
pressure.
c) Dynamic Effects
1) Impact
(a) Impact forces caused by all external and internal conditions
shall be considered in the piping design. One form of
internal impact force is due to the propagation of pressure
waves produced by sudden changes in fluid momentum.
This phenomenon is often called water or steam “hammer.”
It may be caused by the rapid opening or closing of a valve
in the system.
2) Wind
(a) Exposed piping shall be designed to withstand wind
loadings, using meteorological data to determine wind
forces. Where state or municipal ordinances covering the
design of building structures are in effect and specify wind

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
loadings, these values shall be considered the minimum

design values.
3) Earthquake
(a) The effect of earthquakes, where applicable, shall be
considered in the design of piping, piping supports and
restraints, using data for the site as a guide in assessing
the forces involved. However, earthquakes need not be
considered as acting concurrently with wind.
4) Vibration
(a) Piping shall be arranged and supported with consideration
of vibration.
d) Weight Effects
1) The following weight effects combined with loads and forces from
other causes shall be taken into account in the design of piping.
Piping shall be carried on adjustable hangers or properly leveled
rigid hangers or supports and suitable springs; sway bracing,
vibration dampeners, etc., shall be provided where necessary.
(a) Live Load
(i) The live load consists of the weight of the fluid
transported.
(b) Dead Load
(i) The dead load consists of the weight of the piping
components, insulation, protective lining and coating;
and other superimposed permanent loads.
(c) Test or Cleaning Fluid Load
(i) The test or cleaning fluid load consists of the weight
of the test or cleaning fluid.
e) Thermal Expansion and Contraction Loads

1) General
(a) The design of piping systems shall take account of the
forces and moments resulting from thermal expansion and
contraction; and from the effects of expansion joints.
Thermal expansion and contraction shall be provided for
preferably by pipe bends, elbows, offsets or changes in
direction of the pipeline. Hangers and supports shall permit
expansion and contraction of the piping between anchors.
2) Expansion, Swivel or Ball Joints and Flexible Metal Hose
Assemblies
(a) Joints of the corrugated bellows, slip, sleeve, ball or swivel
types and flexible metal hose assemblies may be used if
their materials conform to this Code, their structural and
working parts are of ample proportions and their design
prevents the complete disengagement of working parts
while in service. However, flexible metal hose assemblies

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
and expansion joints of the corrugated bellows, slip or

sleeve type shall not be used in any piping system
connecting the boiler and the first stop valve in that system.
B. Corrosion Prevention
1. Refer to the Royal Commission Design Criteria Chapter 12: Corrosion Control
and Royal Commission Corrosion Engineering Manual.
1.09 DELIVERY, HANDLING AND STORAGE
A. The Contractor shall deliver, handle and store equipment and material units in
accordance with SECTIONS 01650 and 01660, as well as the following
requirements:
1. Items shall be shipped in manufacturers’ original protective packaging and

appropriate labeled containers and crates constructed to prevent damage to
items.
2. All items shall be protected from the weather and physical damage during
shipment and on-site transportation.
3. All material shall be properly packed in the factory by using steel or wooden
frames, platforms to prevent any damage, breaking denting and scoring.
4. All products shall be handled and stored as recommended by the

manufacturer to prevent damage and deterioration.
5. All items shall be unloaded and handled with extreme care, using slings,
cradles or other appropriate means.
6. Contract of stainless steel and copper with carbon steel shall be prevented
while handling and during storage.
7. Items shall be handled in accordance with any special instructions of

manufacturer or supplier.
8. All machined surfaces shall be adequately greased. Items shall be moved

within building by such method that floors are not gouged or marred.
9. Store all materials in neat, clean and dry areas.
10. Protect stored materials from damage and corrosion.
11. Cover the ends of pipes and tubes stored outdoors with plastic to prevent
contamination by dirt, debris and moisture.
12. All products shall be inspected at time of delivery for damage and for
compliance with specifications.
13. Any product that are damaged or found not to be in accordance with the
specifications shall be immediately repaired or replaced.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
14. The Contractor shall not install any damaged material.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.01 GENERAL
A. All goods and products covered by these Specifications shall be procured, when
available, from an in-Kingdom manufacturer. Procurement of all goods and products
manufactured out-of-Kingdom must be approved by the Royal Commission.
2.02 MATERIALS
A. Pipes
1. Stainless Steel Pipes
a) Stainless steel pipes shall comply with the requirements of ASTM A312
and A409 where not otherwise stated. The grade of steel shall be
AISI 316 L but with molybdenum content of not less than 2.70%.
B. Below-Grade Water Distribution Piping Systems
1. Ductile Iron Pipe
a) Ductile Iron pipe shall conform to AWWA C151/A21.51.
b) Fittings shall comply with AWWA C110, ductile or gray iron, standard
thickness.
c) Joints shall comply with AWWA C111/A21.11, rubber gasket with

19 mm (¾ in.) diameter rods.
2. PE Pipe
a) PE pipe shall conform to ASTM D2239 or D2447 Schedule 40.
b) Fittings shall conform to ASTM D2609, PE.
c) Joints shall be mechanical with stainless steel clamp.
3. PVC Pipe
a) PVC pipe shall conform to AWWA C900.
4. Fiberglass Pipe
a) Fiberglass pipe shall conform to AWWA C950.
5. Copper Pipe
a) Copper pipe shall conform to ASTM B42, hard drawn.
b) Fittings shall comply with ASME B16.18, cast copper alloy or

ASME B16.22 wrought copper and bronze.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
c) Joints shall conform to ASTM B32, alloy Sn95 solder.
6. Copper Pipe
a) Copper pipe shall conform to ASTM B42, annealed.
b) Fittings shall comply with ASME B16.26, cast bronze.
c) Joints shall be flared.
7. PB Tubing
a) PB tubing shall conform to ASTM D2666.
b) Fittings shall conform to ASTM F845.
c) Joints shall be mechanical with copper band or stainless steel clamp.
8. Copper Tube
a) Copper tube shall conform to ASTM B88M Type L, annealed temper or

Type M, hard temper.
b) Fittings shall comply with ASME B16.18, B16.22 and B16.26.
c) Joints shall be soldered. Do not use ASTM B32 Alloy Sn50.
C. Above-Grade Water Distribution Piping Systems
1. Steel Pipe
a) Steel pipe shall conform to ASTM A53M Schedule 40, galvanized.
b) Fittings shall be galvanized threaded.
c) Joints shall be screwed.
2. CPVC Pipe
a) CPVC pipe shall conform to ASTM D2846M, F441M or F442M.
b) Fittings shall be CPVC; ASTM D2846M, F437, F438 or F439.
c) Joints shall conform to ASTM D2846M, solvent weld with ASTM F493
solvent cement.
3. PVC Pipe
a) PVC pipe shall conform to ASTM D1785 or D2241.
b) Fittings shall conform to ASTM D2665, PVC.
c) Joints shall conform to ASTM D2846M, solvent weld with ASTM F493

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
solvent cement.
4. PB Pipe
a) PB pipe shall conform to ASTM D3309.
b) Fittings shall conform to ASTM F845 or copper.
c) Joints shall be mechanical with copper compression rings.
5. Copper Tube
a) Copper tube shall conform to ASTM B88M Type M, hard temper.
D. Below-Grade Soil, Waste and Vent Piping Systems
1. Vitrified Clay Pipe
a) Vitrified Clay pipe shall conform to ASTM C700, standard strength.
b) Fittings shall be Clay.
c) Joints shall be bell-and-spigot, with ASTM C425 compression joint

device.
2. ABS Pipe
a) ABS pipe shall conform to ASTM D2751 or F628.
b) Fittings shall be ABS.
c) Joints shall be solvent welded with ASTM D2235 cement.
3. ABS Pipe
a) ABS pipe shall conform to ASTM D2661 or D2751.
4. PVC Pipe
a) PVC pipe shall conform to ASTM D3034 SDR35.
b) Fittings shall be PVC.
c) Joints shall be push-on, using ASTM F477 elastomeric gaskets.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
5. PVC Pipe
c) Joints shall be solvent welded, with ASTM D2564 solvent cement.
6. Concrete Pipe
a) Concrete pipe shall conform to ASTM C14M Class 1 Non-reinforced.
b) Fittings shall conform to ASTM C14M Class 1 Non-reinforced.
c) Joints shall be elastomeric gaskets; ASTM C443M.
7. Fiberglass Pipe
a) Fiberglass pipe shall conform to ASTM D3262.
b) Fittings shall conform to ASTM D3840.
c) Joints shall be Epoxy.
8. Fiberglass Pipe
a) Fiberglass pipe shall conform to ASTM D3754, D3517, D2996 or D2997.
b) Fittings shall be custom laminated fiberglass.
c) Joints shall be epoxy.
9. Copper Tube
a) Copper tube shall conform to ASTM B88M, Type K (A) annealed.
b) Fittings shall comply with ASME B16.23, cast bronze or ASME B16.29,
wrought copper.
10. Copper Tube
a) Copper tube shall conform to ASTM B306, Type DWV.
b) Fittings shall comply with ASME B16.23, cast bronze, ASME B16.29,
wrought copper.
c) Joints shall be soldered, ASTM B32, alloy Sn50 solder.
E. Above-Grade Soil, Waste and Vent Piping Systems
1. Brass Pipe

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
a) Brass pipe shall conform to ASTM B43, chrome plated.
b) Fittings shall comply with ASME B16.23, cast bronze, chrome plated.
c) Joints shall be mechanical compression.
2. Steel Pipe
a) Steel pipe shall conform to ASTM A53M Schedule 40, galvanized.
b) Malleable Iron fittings shall comply with ASME B16.3, screwed type.
c) Malleable Iron fittings shall conform to ASTM A47M.
d) Mechanical grooved couplings shall be malleable iron, galvanized.
3. ABS Pipe
a) ABS pipe shall conform to ASTM D2751 or F628.
4. ABS Pipe
b) Fittings shall conform to ASTM D2662, ABS.
5. PVC Pipe
a) PVC pipe shall conform to ASTM D2729.
6. PVC Pipe
a) PVC pipe shall conform to ASTM D2665.
7. PVC Pipe
a) PVC pipe shall conform to ASTM D1785 Schedule 40 or ASTM D2241

SDR26 for not less than 150 psi (1 034 kPa) pressure rating.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
b) Fittings shall conform to ASTM D2466, PVC.
8. Fiberglass Pipe
a) Fiberglass pipe shall conform to ASTM D3262.
9. Fiberglass Pipe
a) Fiberglass pipe shall conform to ASTM D3754, D3517, D2996 or D2997.
b) Fittings shall be custom laminated fiberglass.
10. Copper Tube
b) Fittings shall comply with ASME B16.23, ASME B16.29.
c) Joints shall be soldered.
11. Copper Tube
a) Copper tube shall conform to ASTM B88M, Type K (A).
b) Fittings shall comply with ASME B16.29, wrought copper or

ASME B16.32, solvent.
12. Copper Pipe
a) Copper tube shall conform to ASTM B42.
b) Fittings shall comply with ASME B16.23, cast bronze or ASME B16.29,
wrought copper.
F. Below-Grade Storm Drainage Piping Systems
1. Vitrified Clay Pipe
a) Vitrified Clay pipe shall conform to ASTM C700, standard strength.
b) Fittings shall be clay.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
c) Joints shall be bell-and-spigot, with ASTM C425 compression joint

device of either lead and oakum, neoprene gasket system or neoprene
gasket and clamp system.
2. Concrete Pipe
a) Concrete pipe shall conform to ASTM C14M Class 1 Non-reinforced.
b) Fittings shall conform to ASTM C14M Class 1 Non-reinforced.
c) Joints shall be elastomeric gaskets; ASTM C443M.
3. ABS Pipe
4. PVC Pipe
a) PVC pipe shall conform to ASTM D3034 SDR35.
c) Joints shall be push-on, using ASTM F477 elastomeric gaskets.
5. PVC Pipe
6. Copper Tube
b) Fittings shall comply with ASME B16.23, B16.29.
G. Above-Grade Storm Drainage Piping Systems
1. Aluminum DWV Pipe
a) Fittings shall be cast iron.
b) Joints shall conform to ASTM C564, thermoplastic rubber coupling and

stainless steel clamps.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
2. ABS Pipe
3. PVC Pipe
4. Tube
a) Tube shall conform to ASTM B306, Type DWV.
b) Fittings shall comply with ASME B16.23, ASME B16.29.
H. Below-Grade Hydronic Heating Piping Systems
1. Steel Pipe
a) Steel pipe shall conform to ASTM A53M, Schedule 40, black, with
AWWA C105/A21.5 polyethylene jacket or double layer, half-lapped
polyethylene tape.
b) Fittings shall conform to ASTM A234M, wrought steel welding type with
double layer, half-lapped polyethylene tape.
c) Joints shall be welded in accordance with AWS D1.1M.
d) Casing shall be closed glass cell insulation.
2. Steel Pipe Sizes 300 mm (12 in.) and Over
a) Conform to ASTM A53M, 10 mm (0.375 in.) wall, black with

polyethylene tape.
3. Copper Tube

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
a) Copper tube shall conform to ASTM B88M Type L, annealed temper or

Type M, hard temper.
b) Fittings shall comply with ASME B16.18, B16.22, B16.26.
c) Joints shall be soldered, lead free. Do not use ASTM B32 Alloy Sn50.
I. Above-Grade Hydronic Heating Piping Systems
1. Steel Pipe
a) Steel pipe shall conform to ASTM A53M, Schedule 40, black.
b) Fittings shall conform to ASME B16.3, malleable iron or ASTM A234M,

wrought steel welding type fittings.
c) Joints shall be threaded or AWS D1.1M welded.
a) Conforming to ASTM A53M, 10 mm (0.375 in.) wall, black.
b) Fittings shall conform to ASTM A234M, wrought steel welding type

fittings.
3. Copper Tube
a) Copper tube shall conform to ASTM B88M Type M, hard temper.
b) Fittings shall comply with ASME B16.18, B16.22, B16.26.
c) Joints shall be soldered, lead free, 95-5 tin-antimony or tin and silver. Do
not use ASTM B32 Alloy Sn50.
J. Below-Grade Chilled Water Piping Systems
1. Steel Pipe
a) Steel pipe shall conform to ASTM A53M, Schedule 40, black with
polyethylene tape.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES

polyethylene tape.
3. Copper Tube
b) Fittings shall comply with ASME B16.22, Wrought Copper.
c) Joints shall be soldered, lead free, ASTM B32, HB alloy (95-5 tin-
antimony) or tin and silver.
b) Fittings shall comply with AWWA C110, Ductile Iron, standard thickness.

5. PVC Pipe Sizes 150 mm (6 in.) and Smaller
a) Conforming to ASTM D1785, Schedule 40 or ASTM D2241, SDR 21

or 26.
b) Fittings shall conform to ASTM D2466 or D2467, PVC.
c) Joints shall be solvent welded.
6. PVC Pipe Sizes 200 mm (8 in.) and Larger
a) Conform to ASTM D1785, Schedule 80 or ASTM D2241, SDR 21 or 26.
7. RTR Pipe
a) RTR pipe shall conform to ASTM D2310, fiberglass reinforced

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
thermosetting resin plastic.
b) Fittings shall be fiberglass reinforced epoxy.
c) Joints shall be hub-and-spigot with rubber gasket.
K. Above-Grade Chilled Water Piping
1. Steel Pipe
b) Fittings shall comply with ASME B16.3, malleable iron or ASTM A234M,
wrought steel welding type.
a) Conforming to ASTM A53M, 10 mm (0.375 in.) wall, black.
b) Fittings shall conform to ASTM A234M, wrought steel welding type.
3. Copper Tube
a) Copper tube shall conform to ASTM B88M, Type K (A), hard drawn.
b) Fittings shall comply with ASME B16.18, cast brass or ASME B16.22,
solder wrought copper.
c) Tee connections shall be mechanically extracted collars with notched

and dimpled branch tube.
d) Joints shall be soldered, lead free, ASTM B32, HB alloy (95-5 tin-
4. PVC Pipe
a) PVC pipe shall conform to ASTM D1785, Schedule 40 or ASTM D2241,

SDR 21 or 26.

or 26.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
6. RTR Pipe

L. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Piping Systems
1. Steel Pipe
a) Conform to ASTM A53M, 10 mm (0.375 in.) wall, black.
3. Copper Tube
a) Copper tube shall conform to ASTM B280, Type ACR.
4. Copper Tube
a) Copper tube shall conform to ASTM B280, H58 hard drawn or O60 soft
annealed.
b) Fittings shall comply with ASME B16.22, wrought copper.
c) Joints shall be brazed, AWS A5.8 BCuP silver/phosphorus/copper alloy.
5. Copper Tube to 22 mm (7/8 in.) OD
a) Conforming to ASTM B88M, Type K (A), annealed.
b) Fittings shall comply with ASME B16.26, cast copper.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
M. Below-Grade Condenser Water Piping
1. Steel Pipe
a) Steel pipe shall conform to ASTM A53M, Schedule 40, black with
polyethylene tape.
c) Joints shall be threaded for pipe 50 mm (2 in.) and under; AWS D1.1M,
welded for pipe over 50 mm (2 in.).

polyethylene tape.
3. Copper Tube
c) Joints shall be soldered, lead free, 95-5 tin-antimony or tin and silver.
b) Fittings shall comply with AWWA C110, ductile iron, standard thickness.

5. PVC Pipe

SDR 21 or 26.
6. PVC Pipe sizes 200 mm (8 in.) and Larger

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
a) Conform to ASTM D1785, Schedule 80 or ASTM D2241, SDR 21 or 26.
7. RTR Pipe

N. Above-Grade Condenser Water Piping
1. Steel Pipe
b) Fittings shall comply with ASME B16.3, galvanized malleable iron or

ASTM A234M, galvanized wrought steel welding type.
a) Conform to ASTM A53M, 10 mm (0.375 in.) wall, black.
3. Copper Tube
a) Copper tube shall conform to ASTM B88M, Type K (A), drawn.
b) Fittings shall comply with ASME B16.18, cast brass or ASME B16.22,
c) Tee connections shall be mechanically extracted collars with notched

and dimpled branch tube.
d) Joints shall be soldered, lead free, ASTM B32, HB alloy (95-5 tin-
4. PVC Pipe

SDR 21 or 26.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES

or 26.
6. RTR Pipe

O. Radiant Heating Piping
1. Copper Tube
2. Polybutylene Pipe
a) Polybutylene pipe shall conform to ASTM D3309, 690 kPa (100 psi) at
82°C (180°F) and 1380 kPa (200 psi) at 23°C (73°F), grey color.
b) Fittings shall conform to ASTM F845 PB or brass or copper.
c) Joints shall be mechanical compression fittings or insert fittings with

copper compression rings.
3. Polyethylene Pipe
a) Polyethylene pipe shall conform to ASTM F876 or F877, cross-linked

polyethylene, 690 kPa (100 psi) operating pressure at 82°C (180°F).
b) Fittings shall be brass and copper.
c) Joints shall be mechanical compression fittings.
4. Hose
a) Composite hose with nitrile liner, braided fiber reinforcing, neoprene

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
cover, 1034 kPa (150 psi) operating pressure at 96°C (205°F).
b) Fittings shall be copper.
c) Joints shall be nipple with stainless steel clamp.
P. Equipment Drains and Overflows
1. Steel Pipe
a) Steel pipe shall conform to ASTM A53M, Schedule 40 galvanized.
b) Fittings shall be galvanized cast iron or ASME B16.3 malleable iron.
c) Joints shall be threaded or grooved mechanical couplings.
2. Copper Tube
b) Fittings shall comply with ASME B16.18, cast brass or ASME B16.22
3. PVC Pipe

SDR 21 or 26.

or 26.
5. ABS Pipe
Q. Engine Exhaust

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
1. Steel Pipe
wrought steel welding type.
c) Joints shall be threaded for pipe 50 mm (2 in.) and under; AWS D1.1M
welded for pipe over 50 mm (2 in.).
R. Below-Grade Fuel Gas Distribution Piping Systems (Natural and LP Gas)
1. Copper Tube
a) Copper tube shall conform to ASTM B88M, Type L, ASTM B280,

Type ACR or ASTM B837, Type GAS.
b) Fittings shall comply with ASME B16.18, B16.22, and B16.26.
c) Joints shall be brazed or flared. Do not use flared joints in concealed

locations. Use AWS A5.8 BAg Series Brazing filler metal.
2. Steel Pipe
a) Steel pipe shall conform to ASTM A53M, Schedule 40 black.
b) Fittings shall conform to ASTM A234M, wrought carbon steel or alloy

steel welding type.
c) Joints shall comply with ASME B31.1 welded.
d) Jacket shall comply with AWWA C105/A21.5 polyethylene or double

layer, half-lapped 0.25 mm (10 mil) polyethylene tape.
3. RTR Pipe
a) RTR pipe shall conform to ASTM D2310 and D2996, UL listed filament
wound fiberglass reinforced epoxy pipe with integral epoxy liner and
exterior coating.
b) Fittings shall be compression molded, filament wound fiberglass

reinforced epoxy.
c) Joints shall be tapered bell and spigot adhesive bonded.
S. Above-Grade Fuel Gas Distribution Piping Systems (Natural and LP Gas)
1. Copper Tube
b) Fittings shall comply with ASME B16.18, cast copper alloy or

ASME B16.22 wrought copper and bronze.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
c) Joints shall comply with AWS A5.8 Classification BCuP-3 or BCuP-4

silver braze.
2. Copper Tube
a) Copper tube shall conform to ASTM B88M, Type K (A), annealed.
b) Fittings shall comply with ASME B16.26, cast bronze.
3. Steel Pipe
a) Steel pipe shall conform to ASTM A53M or ASME B36.10M, Schedule

40 black.
wrought carbon steel or alloy steel welding type.
c) Joints shall comply with NFPA 30, threaded or welded to ASME B31.1.
4. RTR Pipe
a) RTR pipe shall conform to ASTM D2310 and D2996, UL listed filament
wound fiberglass reinforced epoxy pipe with integral epoxy liner and
exterior coating.
b) Fittings shall be compression molded, filament wound fiberglass

reinforced epoxy.
c) Joints shall be tapered bell and spigot adhesive bonded.
T. Fire Sprinkler Piping Systems
1. Steel Pipe
a) Steel pipe shall conform to NFPA 13, ASTM A53M, A135 or A795,
galvanized or black steel.
b) Fittings shall comply with NFPA 13, ASME B16.3 malleable iron,
ASME B16.9 buttwelding fittings, ASME B16.11 forged steel, socket
welding, ASTM A234M wrought carbon steel, screw type or
ASME B16.11 forged steel, socket welding or threaded.
2. Copper Tube
a) Copper tube shall conform to NFPA 13, ASTM B88M Type M, hard
temper.
b) Fittings shall comply with NFPA 13, ASME B16.18, and B16.22.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
U. Non-Flammable Medical Gas Piping Systems
1. Steel Pipe

40 black.
2. Copper Tube
a) Copper tube shall conform to ASTM B819, Type K or L.
b) Use Type K for systems having an operating pressure of 1.38 MPa

(200 psig) or greater. Provide each length of tube suitable for oxygen
service, permanently labeled and delivered plugged, capped or
otherwise sealed to prevent contamination of internal surfaces.
c) Keep plugs, caps or other seals in place until final assembly.
d) Fittings shall comply with ASME B16.22, cleaned for oxygen service.
e) Provide fittings suitable for oxygen service and delivered plugged,

capped, bagged or otherwise sealed to prevent contamination of internal
surfaces.
f) Keep plugs, caps, bags or other seals in place until final assembly.
g) Joints shall be brazed using an AWS A5.8 BCuP Series filler metal.
V. Medical Vacuum Piping Systems
1. Steel Pipe

40 black.
2. Copper Tube
a) Copper tube shall conform to ASTM B88M Type L or Type M,

ASTM B280 Type ACR or ASTM B819 Type L, H58 or H80 (drawn)
temper for exposed locations. ASTM B88M Type L or ASTM B280
Type ACR, O50 or O60 (annealed) temper for underground or

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
concealed locations.
b) Fittings shall comply with ASME B16.18, and B16.22.
c) Joints shall be soldered or brazed. Provide filler metals with a minimum

melting temperature of 232°C (450°F).
W. Welding
1. Refer to SECTION 15085.
2.03 FABRICATION AND MANUFACTURE
A. Straight pipes shall comply with ANSI B36.19.
B. The minimum wall thickness shall be as stated in ANSI B36.19.
C. For larger diameters not covered by the ANSI B36.19 Standard, the following
minimum wall thickness shall apply:
1. For outside diameter 812.8 mm, the wall thickness shall be 7 mm.
2. For outside diameter 1016 mm, the wall thickness shall be 8 mm.
3. ASTM A530 shall be applicable for tolerances on pipe wall thickness and
diameters.
4. Pipe ends shall be calibrated prior to welding to maintain a misalignment

tolerance between pipe ends within 20% of the wall thickness at any point on
the circumferential welding joint.
2.04 PLUMBING PIPING
A. Domestic water piping (hot water, cold water, hot water return) shall be Type L
copper conforming to ASTM B88M. Fittings shall be wrought copper conforming to
ASME B16.22.
1. Grooved Copper piping with ductile iron or bronze couplings and EPDM
(Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) gasket may be used as an option.
B. Sanitary and Storm Piping Materials Below Slab
1. Schedule 40 PVC with solvent joints per ASTM D2665, D2564, D2665.
2. Cast Iron hub and spigot per ASTM A74 and C564.
C. Sanitary and Storm Piping Above Finish Floor
1. Schedule 40 PVC with solvent joints per ASTM D2665, D2564, D2665.
2. Hubless Cast Iron pipes and fittings per ASTM A861.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
D. Sanitary and Storm Piping Above Ceiling in Plenum Space
1. Hubless Cast Iron pipes and fittings per ASTM A861.
E. Acid Waste Piping Below Slab and Above Slab
1. Schedule 40 Polypropylene per ASTM D4101 and D3311.
F. Acid Waste Piping in Plenum Space
1. Steel Pipe

40 black.
b) Fittings shall conform to ASME B16.3, malleable iron or ASTM A234M,

G. Underground Waste and Vent Piping from Kitchen Equipment (above 140°C)
1. Cast Iron hub and spigot.
H. Compressed air piping shall be galvanized steel, Schedule 40, per ASTM A53M.
Fittings shall be threaded, Class 150 per ASTM A733 and ASME B1.20.1.
2.05 HVAC PIPING
A. Heating, Chilled, Cooling Tower Condenser and Heat Pump Condenser Water
Supply and Return Piping
1. Black Steel Piping
a) Piping shall be standard weight black Steel for 63 mm (2½ in.) and
smaller per ASTM A53M or A120. Fittings shall be Class 125 cast iron
threaded per ANSI B16.4.
b) Piping shall be standard weight black steel for 75 mm (3 in.) and larger
per ASTM A53M or A120. Fittings shall be butt welded.
2. Copper Piping
a) Piping 63 mm (2½ in.) and smaller shall be Type L copper as per

ASTM B88M. Fittings shall be wrought copper per ANSI B16.22.
b) Hard Copper Tube (Drawn Temper)

1) ASTM B75, UNS Number C12200, drawn temper, seamless
copper tube, wall thickness as specified.
2) ASTM B88M, Types K, L and M, drawn temper, seamless copper
tube.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
3) ASTM B280, Type ACR, drawn temper, seamless copper tube.

4) ASTM B306, Type DWV, drawn temper, seamless copper tube.
5) ASTM B819, Type K and L, H58 (drawn) temper, seamless
copper tube.
6) ASTM B837, Type GAS, drawn temper, seamless copper tube.
b) Soft Copper Tube (Annealed Temper)

1) ASTM B75, UNS Number C12200, annealed temper, seamless
copper tube, wall thickness as specified.
2) ASTM B88M, Types K and L, annealed temper, seamless copper
tube.
3) ASTM B280, Type ACR, annealed temper, seamless copper tube.
4) ASTM B837, Type GAS, annealed temper, seamless copper tube.
3. Grooved Piping
a) Grooved piping with ductile iron or bronze couplings and EPDM gaskets.
b) Copper and steel pipe shall be as listed above.
4. Pipe and Tube Fittings
a) Wrought Copper, Solder-Joint Pressure Fittings

1) ASME B16.22.
b) Cast Copper Alloy, Solder-Joint Pressure Fittings

1) ASME B16.18.
c) Wrought Copper, Grooved-End Fittings

1) Fabricated from ASTM B75 seamless copper tube.
d) Cast Copper Alloy, Grooved-End Fittings

1) ASTM B584 bronze castings.
e) Mechanical Couplings
1) ASTM A536, ductile iron or ASTM A47M, malleable iron coupling
housing fabricated to manufacturer's specifications.
f) Wrought Copper, Solder-Joint, DWV Drainage Fittings

1) ASME B16.29.
g) Cast Copper Alloy, Solder-Joint, DWV Drainage Fittings

1) ASME B16.23.
h) Cast Copper Alloy Flanges

1) ASME B16.24, Class 150 and 300, flat-face type.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
i) Wrought Copper Alloy Unions

1) ASME B16.22, wrought copper alloy body, hexagonal stock,
metal-to-metal seating surfaces and solder-joint, threaded or
solder-joint and threaded ends.
2) Threaded Ends
(a) Threads conforming to ASME B1.20.1.
j) Cast Copper Alloy Unions

1) ASME B16.18, cast copper alloy body, hexagonal stock, with ball-
and-socket joint, metal-to-metal seating surfaces and solder-joint,
threaded or solder-joint and threaded ends.
(a) Threaded Ends
(i) Threads conforming to ASME B1.20.1.
k) Cast Copper Alloy Flare Fittings

1) ASME B16.26.
B. Air Conditioning Condensate Drain Piping
1. Piping shall be Schedule 40 PVC with solvent joints per ASTM D2665, D2564,
and D2665.
2. In air plenums and through fire walls, piping shall be Type L copper as per
ASTM B88M. Fittings shall be wrought copper per ANSI B16.22.
3. Condensate Drain Piping
a) Piping shall be Schedule 40 PVC with solvent joints per ASTM D2665,
D2564, and D2665.
b) In air plenums and through fire walls, piping shall be Type L copper per
ASTM B88M. Fittings shall be wrought copper per ANSI B16.22
c) Condensate drain piping directly exposed to atmosphere shall be

Fiberglass insulated and protected by Aluminum jacketing.
2.06 JOINING MATERIALS
A. Pipe Flange Gasket Materials
1. Suitable for the chemical and thermal conditions of the piping system contents
and exterior environment.
a) ASME B16.21, nonmetallic, flat, asbestos-free, full-face type for

Class 150 and 300 cast copper alloy flanges; 3.2 mm (1/8 in.) maximum
thickness, except where thickness or specific material is indicated.
B. Mechanical Coupling Gasket Materials

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
1. Suitable for the chemical and thermal conditions of the piping system contents
and exterior environment.
a) Design gasket such that the entire coupling housing is isolated from the
system contents to prevent galvanic action and inhibit galvanic
corrosion.
C. Solder Filler Metal
1. Solder filler metal shall conform to ASTM B32.
a) Alloy Sn95 or Alloy Sn94

1) Tin (Sn) approximately 95% and Silver (Ag) approximately 5%,
having 0.10% maximum Lead (Pb) content.
b) Alloy Sb5
1) Tin (Sn) 95% and Antimony (Sb) 5%, having 0.20% maximum
Lead (Pb) content.
c) Alloy E
1) Tin (Sn) approximately 95% and Copper (Cu) approximately 5%,
having 0.10% maximum Lead (Pb) content.
d) Alloy HA
1) Tin-Antimony-Silver-Copper-Zinc (Sn-Sb-Ag-Cu-Zn), having
0.10% maximum Lead (Pb) content.
e) Alloy HB
1) Tin-Antimony-Silver-Copper-Nickel (Sn-Sb-Ag-Cu-Ni), having
f) Alloy HN
1) Tin-Silver-Copper (Sn-Ag-Cu), having 0.10% maximum Lead (Pb)
content.
g) Alloy AC
1) Tin-Silver-Copper-Bismuth (Sn-Ag-Cu-Bi), having 0.10%
maximum Lead (Pb) content.
h) Alloy OA
1) Tin-Silver-Copper-Bismuth (Sn-Ag-Cu-Bi), having 0.10%
i) Alloy TC
1) Tin-Copper-Nickel-Silver-Selenium (Sn-Cu-Ni-Ag-Se), having
j) Alloy AM
1) Tin-Antimony-Silver-Copper (Sn-Sb-Ag-Cu), having 0.10%

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
k) Alloy WS
1) Tin-Antimony-Silver-Copper (Sn-Sb-Ag-Cu), having 0.10%
l) Alloy Sn50
1) Tin (Sn) 50% and Lead (Pb) 50%.
D. Brazing Filler Metals
1. Brazing filler metals shall conform to AWS A5.8.
a) BCuP Series
1) Copper-Phosphorus alloys. Use the following brazing filler metals,
as required by the individual piping systems specification in the
schedule:
(a) BCuP - 2
(i) Copper (Cu) and Phosphorus (P) 7 to 7.5%.
(b) BCuP - 3
(i) Copper (Cu), Phosphorus (P) 5.8 to 6.2% and Silver
(Ag) 4.8 to 5.2%.
(c) BCuP - 4
(i) Copper (Cu), Phosphorus (P) 7 to 7.5% and Silver
(Ag) 5.8 to 6.2%.
(d) BCuP - 5
(Ag) 14.5 to 15.5%.
(e) BCuP - 6
(Ag) 1.8 to 2.2%.
(f) BCuP - 7
(i) Copper (Cu), Phosphorus (P) 4.8 to 5.2 % and Silver
(Ag) 6.5 to 7%.
b) BAg Series
1) Silver alloys. Use the following brazing filler metals, as required by
the individual piping systems specification in the schedule.
Cadmium-oxide present in brazing fumes is poisonous and
cadmium-free filler metals should be utilized wherever possible.
(a) BAg - 1
(i) Silver (Ag) 44 to 46%, Copper (Cu) 14 to 16%, Zinc
(Zn) 14 to 18%, Cadmium (Cd) 23 to 25%.
(b) BAg - 1a

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
(i) Silver (Ag) 49 to 51%, Copper (Cu) 14.5 to 16.5%,

Zinc (Zn) 14.5 to 18.5%, Cadmium (Cd) 17 to 19%.
(c) BAg - 2
(d) BAg - 2a
(e) BAg - 5
(Zn) 23 to 27%.
(f) BAg - 7 (cadmium-free substitute for BAg - 1)
(Zn) 15 to 19%.
(g) BAg - 6
(Zn) 14 to 18%.
(h) BAg - 8
(i) Silver (Ag) 71 to 73%, Copper (Cu).
(i) BAg - 20
(Zn) 30 to 34%.
(j) BAg - 28
(Zn) 26 to 30%, Tin (Sn) 1.5 to 2.5%.
(k) BAg - 34 (cadmium-free substitute for BAg - 2, - 2a)
(Zn) 26 to 30%, Tin (Sn) 1.5 to 2.5%.
c) Proprietary filler metals having compositions not conforming to the exact

ANSI/AWS A5.8 classifications for BCuP and BAg Series filler metals
are permitted when used according to the manufacturer's written
instructions.
E. Soldering and Brazing Fluxes
1. Soldering and brazing fluxes having greater than 0.20% Lead (Pb) content are
prohibited from use in potable water systems and may not be used.
a) Soldering Fluxes
1) Conform to ASTM B813, liquid or paste type.
b) Brazing Fluxes
1) Comply with AWS A5.31, Type FB3-A or FB3-C.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
(a) The use of brazing flux is not necessary if the components

being joined are Wrought Copper tube, Wrought Copper
fittings and the filler metal being used is of the BCuP series.
2.07 STEEL PIPE SYSTEM COMPONENTS
A. Pipe
1. Black Steel
a) Electric resistance welded to ASTM A53M, A106 Grade B Schedule 40.
B. Joint and Fitting Components
1. Threaded Fittings
a) Malleable Iron to ANSI/ASME B16.3.
2. Welded Fittings
a) Wrought Steel, butt welding type to ANSI/ASME B16.9.
3. Mechanical Grooved Couplings
a) Ductile or Malleable Iron housing, synthetic rubber gasket of central

cavity pressure-responsive design; with nuts, bolts, locking pin, locking
toggle or lugs to secure grooved pipe and fittings.
4. Mechanical Grooved Fittings
a) Fittings conforming to ASTM A106, steel fittings with grooves or

shoulders designed to accept grooved end couplings.
2.08 CAST IRON SOIL PIPE COMPONENTS
A. Pipe
1. Cast Iron soil pipe to ASTM A74.
B. Mechanical Joint Components
1. Hubless fittings, elastomeric gaskets and stainless steel mechanical joint

couplings to ASTM A861.
2.09 COPPER PIPE COMPONENTS
A. Pipe
1. Copper Water Tube

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
a) Conforming to ASTM B88M.
2. ACR Copper Tube
a) Conforming to ASTM B280.
3. DWV Copper Tube
1. Wrought Copper Fittings
a) Conforming to ANSI B16.22.
2. Cast Copper, Brass and Bronze Fittings
a) Conforming to ANSI B16.18.
3. Solder Joints
4. Brazed Joints
2.10 PVC PIPE COMPONENTS
A. Pipe
1. PVC plastic pipe conforming to ASTM D2464.
1. Fittings
a) PVC fittings conforming to ASTM D2464.
2. PVC Solvent Cement
a) Conforming to ASTM D2564.
3. ABS-PVC Solvent Cement
2.11 UNIONS AND FLANGES
A. Pipe size 50 mm and smaller; 1035 kPa and as follows:

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
1. Ferrous Piping
a) Malleable Iron unions with bronze to iron ground joint to

ANSI/ASME B16.39.
2. Copper Piping
a) Bronze unions.
B. Pipe size 65 mm and larger; 1035 kPa and as follows:
1. Ferrous Piping
a) Forged steel slip-on flanges to ANSI/ASME B16.5 with 1.6 mm thick

preformed neoprene bonded to asbestos for general applications,
neoprene gasket for gas service.
2. Copper Piping
a) Bronze flanges.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.01 GENERAL EXAMINATION
A. Examine areas and conditions under which piping system materials and products are
to be installed. Do not proceed with work until unsatisfactory conditions have been
corrected.
B. Examine all interior parts of pipe for cleanliness, freedom from foreign matters and
proper alignment.
C. Check all levels as per drawings and safety requirement.
D. Check that all pipe sleeves and penetrations have been done.
3.02 GENERAL PREPARATION
A. Ream ends of pipes and tubes and remove burrs. Bevel plain ends of steel pipe.
Remove scale, slag, dirt and debris for both inside and outside of piping and fittings
before assembly.
3.03 INSTALLATION
A. General
1. Drawings (plans, schematics and diagrams)
a) Indicate the general location and arrangement of the piping systems.

Indicated locations and arrangements shall be used to size pipe and
calculate friction loss, expansion, pump sizing and other design
considerations. Install piping as indicated, except where deviations to
layout are approved on coordination drawings.
2. Install piping at indicated slope.
3. Install components having pressure rating equal to or greater than system

operating pressure.
4. Location and arrangement of piping layout shall be taken into consideration,

pipe sizing and friction loss, expansion, pump sizing and other design
consideration.
5. Install piping as indicated, refer to individual system specifications for

requirements for coordination drawing submittals.
6. Conceal all pipe installations in walls, pipe chases, utility spaces, above
ceilings, below grade or floors, unless otherwise indicated.
7. Install piping free of sags or bends and with ample space between piping to
permit proper insulation applications.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
8. Install fittings for changes in direction and branch connections in hard drawn
copper tube. Where approved changes in direction may also be made by
bending of Types K and L tube. Do not bend Type M tube. Branch connections
may also be made using an approved mechanically formed tee/outlet.
9. Fabricate mechanically formed tees/outlets according to manufacturer's

standard written procedure.
a) Mechanically formed outlets shall have a collar with a height not less
than 3 times the thickness of the branch tube wall.
b) Notch the branch to conform to the inner curve of the run and dimple or
otherwise impede from penetrating the run pipe/tube to a depth that
would obstruct the flow of fluid through the run pipe/tube.
c) Dimple or otherwise mark the branch tube to indicate the location of the
notches with respect to the run. Mark at a sufficient distance from the
face of the joint to allow for a visual point of inspection after the joint is
brazed.
d) Braze all joints constructed using this method. Brazing filler metals must
conform to the requirements of the Article "Joining Materials" in this
Section.
10. Fabricate mechanically formed couplings by expanding 1 tube end to form a

solder-joint fitting cup using a tool specifically for this purpose in accordance
with the tool manufacturer's standard written procedure.
a) Formed Fitting Cup

1) Meet or exceed the dimensional requirements of ASME B16.22
for use with solder-joint connections.
b) Solder Filler Metals

1) Conform to the requirements of the Article "Joining Materials" in
this Section.
c) Fitting cup depths that are less than those required in ASME B16.22 for
soldered joints may be used provided that the cup has a minimum depth
equal to 3 times the thickness of the tube and the joint is brazed.
d) Brazing Filler Metals

1) Conform to the requirements of the Article "Joining Materials" in
this Section.
11. Install exposed piping at right angles or parallel to building wall. Diagonal runs
are not permitted, unless expressly indicated on the drawing.
12. Install piping tight to slabs, beams, joists, columns, walls and other permanent
elements of the building. Provide space to permit insulation applications, with
25 mm (1 in.) clearance outside the insulation. Allow sufficient space above
removable ceiling panels to allow for panel removal.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
13. Locate groups of pipes parallel to each other, spaced to permit applying full
insulation and servicing of valves.
14. Install drains at lowest point in mains, risers and branch lines consisting of a
tee fitting, 19 mm (¾ in.) ball valve and short 19 mm (¾ in.) threaded nipple
and cap.
15. Exterior Wall Penetration
a) Seal pipe penetration through exterior walls using sleeves and

mechanical sleeve seals. Pipe sleeves smaller than 150 mm (6 in.) shall
be steel; pipe sleeves 150 mm (6 in.) and larger shall be sheet metal.
16. Fire Barrier Penetration
a) Where pipes pass through fire rated walls, partitions, ceilings or floors,
the fire rated integrity shall be maintained.
17. Terminate vent piping through roof, a minimum of 300 mm (12 in.) above the
roof.
18. Location of vent on the roof shall be a minimum of 3048 mm (10 ft.) from any
rooftop or wall louver outside air intake or rooftop HVAC equipment outside air
intake.
19. Install piping to allow for expansion and contraction without exceeding
maximum allowable stresses for pipe and equipment flanges.
20. Provide clearance for proper installation of insulation and for access to valves,
air vents, drains and unions.
21. Provide all offsets necessary to install piping systems within the physical
limitations of the building.
22. Install refrigeration piping and condenser water piping to new or relocated
condensing units serving existing or new cooler and freezer.
23. Prime coat and paint lines exposed to outdoors.
24. Refer to SECTIONS 15050, 15080 and 15085.
B. Fittings and Specialties
1. Use fittings for all changes in direction and all branch connections.
2. Remake leaking joints using new materials.
3. Install strainers on the supply side of each control valve, pressure reducing or
regulating valve, solenoid valve and elsewhere as indicated.
4. Install union adjacent to each valve and at the final connection to each piece of
equipment and plumbing fixture having 50 mm (2 in.) and smaller connection
and elsewhere as indicated.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
5. Install flanges in piping 62.5 mm (2½ in.) and larger, where indicated, adjacent
to each valve and at the final connection to each piece of equipment.
6. Install dielectric union to connect piping material of dissimilar metals in dry

piping system (gas, compressed air, vacuum).
7. Install dielectric fittings to connect piping materials of dissimilar metals in wet

systems (water, steam).
3.04 PIPING SYSTEM JOINTS
A. Piping Joint Construction
1. Except as otherwise indicated, make piping connections as specified below.
a) Install solder-joint to male-thread adapters or solder-joint to male-thread

unions meeting the requirements of ASME B16.18 or B16.22, adjacent
to each threaded valve and threaded equipment connection in a copper
tube system.
b) Install ASME B16.24 cast copper alloy pipe flanges adjacent to each
flanged valve and flanged equipment connection in a copper tube
system.
c) Ream ends of pipe and tube and remove burrs to restore full inside
diameter.
d) Remove scale, slag, dirt and debris from inside and outside of pipe, tube
and fittings before assembly.
B. Threaded Connections
1. Ream threaded pipe ends to remove burrs and restore full inside diameter.
Join pipe fittings and valves as follows:
a) Note the internal length of threads in fittings or valve ends and proximity
of internal seat or wall, to determine how far pipe should be threaded
into joint.
b) Apply appropriate tape or thread compound to external pipe threads

(except where dry seal threading is specified).
c) Align threads at point of assembly.
d) Tighten joint with wrench and backup wrench as required.
e) Damaged Threads
1) The Contractor shall not use pipe or pipe fittings having threads
that are corroded or damaged.
f) Assemble joint wrench tight. Wrench on valve shall be on the valve end
into which the pipe is being threaded.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
C. Flanged Connections
1. Align flanges surfaces parallel.
2. Select appropriate gasket material, size, type and thickness for service
application. Install gasket concentrically positioned.
3. Assemble joints by sequencing bolt tightening to make initial contact of flanges

and gaskets as flat and parallel as possible.
4. Use suitable lubricants on bolt threads. Tighten bolts gradually and uniformly
using a torque wrench.
5. For dead end service, butterfly valve requires flanges both upstream and
downstream for proper shutoff and retention.
D. Non-Ferrous Pipe Joints
1. Soldered Joints
a) Construct joints according to procedures established in ASTM B828.
2. Brazed Joints
a) Construct joints according to AWS C3.4.
3. Brazed and Soldered Joints
a) For copper tube and fitting joint, braze joints in accordance with
ASME B31.1 and B31.9.
4. Thoroughly clean tube surface and inside surface of the cup of the fittings,
using very fine Emory cloth and prior to making soldered or brazed joints.
Wipe tube and fittings clean and apply flux. Flux shall not be used as the sole
means for cleaning tube and fitting surfaces.
E. Welded Joints
1. Weld pipe joint in accordance with ASME B31.9 for Pressure Piping.
2. Weld pipe joints in accordance with recognized industry practice and as

follows:
a) Bevel pipe end and clean to remove slag, metal particles and dirt.
b) Use pipe clamps or tack-weld joint with 25 mm long welds; 4 welds for
pipe sizes to 250 mm, 8 welds for pipe sizes 300 to 500 mm.
c) Build up welds with stringer-bead pass, followed by hot pass, followed

by cover filler pass. Eliminate valleys at center and edges of each weld.
Weld by procedures, which will ensure elimination of unsound or infused
metal, cracks oxidation, blowholes and non-metallic inclusions.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
d) Do not weld-out piping system imperfections by tack-welding

procedures; prefabricate to comply with requirements.
F. Mechanical Joint
1. Mechanical coupling, flange adapter dismantling joint shall be used for pipe
jointing where dismantling of the system is required at equipment and valves
location.
2. Assemble grooved copper tube and grooved-tube fitting joints with coupling,
gasket, lubricant and bolts according to coupling and fitting manufacturer's
standard written procedure.
3. Roll-form grooved ends on copper and copper alloy tube using the appropriate
roll-groove tool to construct a groove meeting the coupling and fitting
manufacturer's written specifications.
4. Do not use cut grooving methods on copper and copper alloy tube.
G. Flared Tube Joints
1. Make flared copper tube joints by the appropriate use of cast copper alloy
fittings conforming to ASME B16.26.
2. Make flared ends of copper tube of the 45° flare type and make only with a
flaring tool designed specifically for that purpose.
3. Ream copper alloy tube to remove burrs and restore full inside diameter prior
to forming the flared end.
H. Lead Joint
1. Lead Joint Installation
a) Tightly pack joint with joint packing material. Do not permit packing to
enter bore of finished joint.
2. Clean joint after packing. Fill remaining joint space with one pouring of lead to
indicated minimum depth measured from face of bell. After lead has cooled,
caulk joint tightly by use of hammer.
I. Hubless Cast-Iron
1. Comply with coupling manufacturer’s installation instructions.
J. Clay Pipe Joints
1. Comply with ASTM C12.
K. Concrete Pipe Joints
1. Except as otherwise indicated, comply with applicable provisions of “Concrete

Pipe Field Manual“ by the American Concrete Pipe Association.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
L. Plastic Pipe/Tube Joints
1. Comply with manufacturer’s instructions and recommendations and with

applicable industry standards.
2. Heat Joining of Thermoplastic Pipe
3. Solvent-Cemented Joints
a) Conforming to ASTM D2235 and F402.
M. Fiber Glass Pipe Joints
1. Comply with manufacturer’s instructions and recommendation.
2. FRP and rubber rings.
3. FRP coupling with rubber rings and key lock.
N. Grooved Pipe Joints
1. Comply with fitting manufacturer’s instructions for making grooves in pipe

ends. Remove burrs and ram pipe ends. Assemble joints in accordance with
manufacturer’s instructions.
O. Ductile Cast Iron Pipe
1. Install ductile cast iron pipe and appurtenances in accordance with

AWWA C600.
3.05 PIPING PROTECTION
A. Except as otherwise indicated, protect piping as specified below:
1. Provide allowance for thermal expansion and contraction for copper and
copper alloy tube passing through a wall, floor, ceiling or partition by wrapping
with an approved tape or pipe insulation or by installing through an
appropriately sized sleeve to allow for thermal movement.
2. Provide protection against abrasion where copper and copper alloy tube
comes in contact with other building members by wrapping with an approved
tape, pipe insulation or otherwise suitable method of isolation.
3. Do not use ashes, cinders, refuse, stones, boulders or other materials that can
damage or break the piping or promote corrosive action in backfilling any
trench or excavation in which piping is installed.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
3.06 ROUTES AND GRADES
A. Route piping in an orderly manner and maintain proper grades.
B. Install piping to conserve headroom and space.
C. Route above grade piping parallel to walls.
D. Where practicable, group piping at common elevations.
E. Install concealed pipes close to building structure to keep furring to a minimum.
F. Slope hydronic and domestic water system piping at 0.2% and drain at low points.
G. On closed loop water systems, equip low points with 20 mm drain valves and hose
nipples. At high points, provide collecting chambers and high capacity float operated
automatic air vents.
H. Make reductions in water piping with eccentric reducing fittings to provide complete
drainage and venting.
I. Grade horizontal sanitary and storm drainage vent piping at 2% minimum.
3.07 STEEL PIPING SYSTEM – GENERAL
A. Use mechanical grooved couplings and fittings in accessible locations only.
B. Use only long radius elbows.
C. Ream piping and tubing. Clean off scale and dirt inside and outside before assembly.
Remove welding slag or other foreign material from piping.
D. Protect galvanized pipe threads with pipe paste.
3.08 HANGER AND SUPPORT INSTALLATION
A. Install hangers for horizontal piping in accordance with recommendations of MSS-

SP69 and with the following maximum spacing and minimum rod sizes as per
Table 3A:
TABLE 3A: HANGER SPACING AND ROD SIZES FOR HORIZONTAL PIPING
Nominal Tube Size Maximum Span, Minimum Rod Diameter

mm (in.) m (ft.) mm (in.)
Up to 19 (¾) 1.5 (5) 9 (3/8)
25.4 (1) 1.83 (6) 9 (3/8)
31.5 (1¼) 2.14 (7) 9 (3/8)
37 (1½) 2.44 (8) 9 (3/8)
51 (2) 2.44 (8) 9 (3/8)

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
Nominal Tube Size Maximum Span, Minimum Rod Diameter

mm (in.) m (ft.) mm (in.)
63 (2½) 2.75 (9) 12.7 (½)
76 (3) 3 (10) 12.7 (½)
89 (3½) 3.36 (11) 12.7 (½)
102 (4) 3.66 (12) 12.7 (½)
127 (5) 4 (13) 12.7 (½)
152 (6) 4.27 (14) 16 (5/8)
205 (8) 4.88 (16) 19 (¾)
254 (10) 5.5 (18) 19 (¾)
305 (12) 5.8 (19) 19 (¾)
B. Support vertical copper tube, copper pipe or brass pipe at each floor.
C. In areas where excessive moisture is anticipated, wrap either the piping or the
support with an approved tape or otherwise isolate to prevent contact between
dissimilar metals and inhibit galvanic corrosion of the supporting member.
3.09 FUEL GAS DISTRIBUTION PIPING SYSTEMS INSTALLATION
A. Seamless Pipe material shall be used for fuel gas piping when steel piping is
specified.
B. Fasten copper fuel gas piping running parallel to floor joists to the center of the
vertical face of the joist with clips not more than 1.83 m (6 ft.) apart.
C. Copper fuel gas piping running at right angles or diagonal to floor joists or other
framing members may be installed through holes drilled through the center of the
member. Make holes at least 1½ times the O.D. of the tube. If the holes are less
than 45 mm (1¾ in.) from the exposed edge of the member, install steel striker plates
of at least 1.3 mm (0.0508 in.) thickness to protect the tube.
D. Protect copper fuel gas piping running through holes or sleeves in framing members
from abrasion in the area of the hole or sleeve by wrapping the tube with an
approved tape or other approved means of protection.
E. Protect copper fuel gas piping running vertically through partition walls by installing
steel striker plates of at least 1.3 mm (0.05 in.) thickness at the upper and lower wall
plates. Extend striker plates a minimum of 100 mm (4 in.) above and below such wall
plates.
F. Install branches in horizontal fuel gas piping on the side or top of the run pipe at a
position at or above the horizontal centerline of the run pipe. Branches for appliance
drops may be installed below the horizontal centerline of the run pipe provided an
approved drip leg or dirt trap is installed in the drop.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
3.10 NON-FLAMMABLE MEDICAL GAS PIPING SYSTEMS INSTALLATION
A. Material Cleaning Requirements
1. Clean fittings, tube, valves and piping system components for oxygen service
in accordance with CGA Pamphlet G-4.1. Perform cleaning by the
manufacturer or a facility equipped to clean, rinse and purge the material in
accordance with CGA Pamphlet G-4.1.
2. Immediately before final assembly, visually examine fittings, tube, valves and
piping system components internally for contamination. Do not install material
that has become contaminated.
3. Limit on-site cleaning of the interior surfaces of fittings, tube, valves and piping
system components to recleaning surfaces in the immediate vicinity of the
joints that have become contaminated prior to brazing. Clean these surfaces
by washing in a clean, hot water/alkaline solution such as sodium carbonate or
trisodium phosphate, using 0.5 kg in 12 L (1 lb. in 3 gal) of potable water.
Thoroughly scrub and rinse interior surfaces with clean, hot, potable water.
B. Installation Requirements
1. Qualify brazers in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 99.
2. Do not use brazing flux in joints between copper tube and ASME B16.22
fittings.
3. Apply brazing flux sparingly to the exterior surface of the tube in applications
where copper tube must be joined to brass or bronze system components. Do
not apply brazing flux to the interior surfaces of the fitting.
4. Take care during installation to avoid contamination of interior "cleaned for

oxygen service" surfaces of piping system components. Braze joints within
1 hour of being cleaned.
5. While being brazed, purge joints continuously with a positive flow of oil-free dry
nitrogen to prevent the formation of copper oxide on the interior surface of the
joint. Maintain the flow of purge gas until the joint is cool to the touch.
6. During and after installation, keep openings in the piping system capped,
plugged or sealed to avoid unnecessary loss of purge gas while brazing and to
prevent contamination of the system. During brazing, provide a discharge
opening on the opposite side of the joint from where the purge gas is being
introduced. After brazing, cap, plug or seal this discharge opening to prevent
contamination of the system.
7. Allow brazed joints to cool to the touch naturally; do not shock cool. After
cooling, clean all joints with water and a stainless steel wire brush to remove
any residue and permit clear visual inspection of the joint. Where flux has been
permitted, use hot water.
8. Do not use field fabricated, mechanically formed tees, outlets and couplings.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
3.11 MEDICAL VACUUM PIPING SYSTEMS
A. If vacuum system piping is installed concurrently with medical gas piping, label or
otherwise identify vacuum piping prior to installation in order to preclude inadvertent
inclusion into a medical gas system or use ASTM B819 tube.
B. Clean the outside of all joints by washing with hot water after assembly and cooling.
C. After installation of the piping, but before attachment of the vacuum line to the
vacuum pumps and receivers and before installation of the vacuum alarm switches,
station inlets and gages, blow line clear by means of oil-free, dry nitrogen or air.
3.12 STEEL PIPING SYSTEM - TEEING OFF MAIN LINE
A. Mains 150 mm and Smaller
1. Use saddle type connections where main are at least 1 size larger than
branch.
2. Use direct connection where branch is at least 3 sizes smaller than main.
B. Mains 200 mm and Larger
1. Use saddle type connections where main are at least 2 sizes larger than
branch.
2. Use direct connection for branches 65 mm and smaller.
3. Do not project branch pipe inside main line.
3.13 NON-FERROUS PIPING CONNECTIONS
A. Use non-toxic joint compound on potable water lines.
B. Provide non-conducting type connections wherever joining dissimilar metals. Brass

adaptors and valves are acceptable.
C. Sleeve copper piping buried under building so that pipe can move freely; joints are
not allowed in piping buried under building.
3.14 UNIONS AND FLANGES
A. Make connections to equipment and branch mains with unions or flanges.
B. Use 1.5 mm thick preformed synthetic rubber asbestos gaskets for flanged
connections for all services except gas.
C. Gas Service
1. Air test unions used for gas service.

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
2. Use synthetic rubber gaskets for flanged connections.
3.15 GAS PIPING
A. Use isolating gas cocks on primary gas line installed with isolating union at outlet.
B. Band interior gas piping to electrical system ground conductor to maintain gas piping
at electrical system ground.
C. For buried piping, use piping with factory or site applied 250 micrometer thick
polyethylene jacketing.
D. Apply heat shrink plastic jacketing to joints on buried piping.
E. Install gas piping in open or ventilated spaces. Pitch lines and provide drip legs for
condensation and dirt at appliance connection. Where gas piping is run in a
concealed space, provide ventilation grilles.
3.16 PIPING SCHEDULE
A. Refer to Table 3B for the piping schedules.
TABLE 3B: PIPING SCHEDULE
System Pipe Fittings Joints
Threaded Screwed
ASTM A53M, Schedule Welding Welded
40, 50 mm or less
Mechanical
Clamped
grooved
Hydronic Heating Welding Welded
and Cooling up to ASTM A53M, Schedule
40, greater than 50 mm Mechanical
120°C, 1035 kPa Clamped
grooved
Soldered, 95-5
Copper Water Tube Wrought Copper
Tin-Antimony
ASTM B88M Type L,
Drawn Temper Soldered, 95-5
Cast Copper
Tin-Antimony
Threaded or
Galvanized Steel
ASME B16.3 grooved
Schedule 40,
malleable iron mechanical
ASTM A53M
Equipment Drains couplings
and Overflows Solder, lead
Copper Water Tube Cast brass or
free, HB alloy
ASTM B88M Type K (A), solder wrought
(95-5 tin-
Drawn Temper copper
antimony),
Wrought Copper Brazed
Refrigerant Freon ASTM B280 ACR Copper
Cast Copper Flared

SECTION 15105
PIPES AND TUBES
System Pipe Fittings Joints
ASTM A53M Schedule Galvanized

Screwed
40, galvanized threaded
Soldered 95-5
Wrought Copper
ASTM B88M Type M, Tin-Antimony
hard temper Soldered 95-5
Cast Copper
Tin-Antimony
Domestic Water
above Grade CPVC Pipe CPVC Fittings Solvent Welded
Poly Propylene
Poly Propylene Pipe Solvent Welded
fittings
Mechanical with
Poly Butylene copper
Poly Butylene Pipe
Fittings compression
rings
Cast Iron Hubless Cast Iron Clamped
Soldered 50-50
Cast Bronze
DWV Copper Above Tin-Lead
DWV, above Grade Grade Only Soldered 50-50
Wrought Copper
and Buried Tin-Lead
ABS ABS Solvent Welded
PVC PVC Solvent Welded

Malleable Iron
Steel Pipe ASTM A53M
Fittings: ASME Screwed
Schedule 40, galvanized
B16.3
ASME B16.23,
Brass Pipe ASTM B43, Mechanical
cast bronze,
chrome plated compression
Storm Sewer, above chrome plated
Grade Solvent Welded
ABS ASTM D2751 or
ABS with ASTM
F628
D2235 cement
Solvent Welded
ASTM D2729 PVC PVC with ASTM
D2235 cement
ASTM A53M or ASME Threaded Screwed
B36.10M, Schedule 40
Natural gas low Welding Welded
black, 50 mm or less
pressure less than
1400 kPa, inside
building ASTM A53M or ASME
B36.10M, Schedule 40 Welding Welded
black, greater than 50 mm
END OF SECTION

SECTION 15105 Pipes and Tubes Rev 0

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SECTION 15105 Pipes and Tubes Rev 0

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GUIDELINE SPECIFICATION FOR

REV DATE DESCRIPTION PREPARED BY RC APPROVED

Item No Title Page No

1.01 DESCRIPTION OF WORK .................................................................................. 1

1.02 SECTION INCLUDES .......................................................................................... 1

1.03 RELATED SECTIONS ......................................................................................... 1

1.06 QUALITY CONTROL ......................................................................................... 10

1.07 HEALTH AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS.................................................... 10

1.08 DESIGN CRITERIA............................................................................................ 11

1.09 DELIVERY, HANDLING AND STORAGE ......................................................... 14

PART 2 PRODUCTS ....................................................................................................... 16

2.01 GENERAL .......................................................................................................... 16

2.02 MATERIALS ....................................................................................................... 16

2.03 FABRICATION AND MANUFACTURE.............................................................. 35

2.04 PLUMBING PIPING ........................................................................................... 35

2.05 HVAC PIPING .................................................................................................... 36

2.06 JOINING MATERIALS ....................................................................................... 38

2.07 STEEL PIPE SYSTEM COMPONENTS............................................................ 42

2.08 CAST IRON SOIL PIPE COMPONENTS .......................................................... 42

2.09 COPPER PIPE COMPONENTS........................................................................ 42

2.10 PVC PIPE COMPONENTS................................................................................ 43

2.11 UNIONS AND FLANGES................................................................................... 43

Rev 0 i Contract No:

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Contd.)

Item No Title Page No

PART 3 EXECUTION ...................................................................................................... 45

3.01 GENERAL EXAMINATION ................................................................................ 45

3.02 GENERAL PREPARATION ............................................................................... 45

3.04 PIPING SYSTEM JOINTS ................................................................................. 48

3.05 PIPING PROTECTION ...................................................................................... 51

3.06 ROUTES AND GRADES ................................................................................... 52

3.07 STEEL PIPING SYSTEM – GENERAL ............................................................. 52

3.08 HANGER AND SUPPORT INSTALLATION ...................................................... 52

3.09 FUEL GAS DISTRIBUTION PIPING SYSTEMS INSTALLATION..................... 53

3.10 NON-FLAMMABLE MEDICAL GAS PIPING SYSTEMS INSTALLATION ........ 54

3.11 MEDICAL VACUUM PIPING SYSTEMS ........................................................... 55

3.12 STEEL PIPING SYSTEM - TEEING OFF MAIN LINE....................................... 55

3.13 NON-FERROUS PIPING CONNECTIONS ....................................................... 55

3.14 UNIONS AND FLANGES................................................................................... 55

3.15 GAS PIPING....................................................................................................... 56

3.16 PIPING SCHEDULE .......................................................................................... 56

Rev 0 ii Contract No:

1.01 DESCRIPTION OF WORK

1.02 SECTION INCLUDES

A. Above Grade Water Distribution Piping System

B. Below Grade Water Distribution Piping System

C. Above Grade Soil, Waste and Vent Piping Systems

D. Below Grade Soil, Waste and Vent Piping Systems

E. Storm Drainage Piping System

F. Hydronic Heating Piping System

G. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Piping Systems

H. Fuel Gas Distribution Piping Systems

I. Fire Sprinkler Piping Systems

J. Non-flammable Medical Gas Piping Systems

K. Medical Vacuum Piping Systems

1.03 RELATED SECTIONS

A. Section 01320 Construction Progress Documentation

B. Section 01330 Submittal Procedures

C. Section 01410 Regulatory Requirements

D. Section 01450 Quality Control

E. Section 01650 Product Delivery Requirements

F. Section 01660 Product Storage and Handling Requirements

G. Section 15055 General Requirement for Piping System