SECTION 15815

SHEET METAL DUCT WORK

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Drawings and general provisions of Contract, including General Special

Conditions and Division-1 Specification Sections, apply to work of this
Section.

B. The requirements specified in this section apply to all related sections in

this Division. The requirements of all related sections, elsewhere in this
division also apply to this section unless specified to the contrary.

1.2 DESCRIPTION OF WORK

A. The work includes the providing of all labor, supervision, materials, equipment,
accessories, services and tests necessary to complete, make ready, and set to work for
acceptance by the Owner, all sheet metal work in accordance with Drawings and
Specification.

1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Acceptable Manufacturers: Firms regularly engaged in manufacture of sheet metal

ductwork products of the types, materials, and sizes required, whose products have
been in satisfactory use in similar service for not less than 5 years, as approved by
Engineer.

B. Installers: Firms with at least 5 years of successful installation experience on projects

with sheet metal ductwork systems similar to that required for this project.

C. Standards Compliance: Comply with the requirements of applicable local codes and
the standards outlined in section 15020.

1.4 SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: Submit manufacturer's product data, including printed technical

literature, installation instructions and catalog cuts for sheet metal ductwork materials
and products.

B. Manufacturer Certification.

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 C. Submit for checking and approval shop drawings of all sheet metal work drawn to a
minimum scale of 1:50. Obtain approval of these shop drawings from the Architect
before any fabrication upon this ductwork is commenced. In addition to the layout of
the ductwork, indicate the type of seams and joints, the method of applying acoustical
lining and nosings, details of fire dampers and any other details the Architect may
request in reference to sheet metal work. Submit such details prior to or with the first
duct layout drawings. Indicate the elevation of bottom of ducts above finish floor on
the drawings. Refer to "SHOP DRAWINGS AND OTHER INFORMATION
REQUIRED, Specification Section 15020."

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 SHEET METAL DUCTWORK

A. All ductwork, sheet metal flues, register boxes, air changers, dampers and all auxiliary
work of any kind necessary to make the various air conditioning, ventilating and
heating systems of the building complete and ready for satisfactory operation shall be
furnished and installed. All ductwork shall be constructed in accordance with the
latest edition of SMACNA Duct Construction Standards.

B. All ductwork indicated on drawings is schematic. Ductwork shall be set up and down,
offset, change in duct size and/or location to meet field conditions and coordination
between trades without additional cost to the owner.

C. Dimensions given on drawings of all acoustically lined ducts shall be clear inside
dimension.

D. A snap lock seam shall not be permitted.

E. Use gasketed type joint when dissimilar metals are joined.

F. All galvanized ductwork shall be hung with galvanized hangers.

G. Access doors as specified elsewhere shall be provided in the ducts wherever required
for access to fusible link dampers, controls, and all equipment concealed inside the
ducts.

H. Unless otherwise noted, all ductwork shall be substantially built of lock forming
quality galvanized steel having a galvanized coating of 33 grams for both sides of 0.1
sq. m. of sheet. Ducts shall have approved joints and seams smooth on the inside with
a neat finish on the outside. Duct joints shall be as airtight as possible, with laps made
in the direction of air flow and no flanges projecting into the air stream. All angles
shall be galvanized.

I.Tapers for low pressure ducts shall be constructed in accordance with SMACNA standards.
When a taper is used in a "diverging" air flow and the duct size increases, the sides are
to be pitched to maximum of 20 degrees to prevent turbulence or an additional

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 increase of static pressure. When a taper is used in a "contracting" air flow and the
duct size is decreasing, the sides are to be pitched to a maximum of 30 degrees.
J.Where space conditions permit, full radius turns shall be used at offsets in low pressure
ducts radius = duct width.
K. Where space conditions do not permit a short radius, vaned elbow or square elbows
shall be used. All square elbows shall be fitted with double thick turning vanes.

L. When it is impossible to offset a low pressure duct around an obstruction or when it is

necessary to make provisions for vertical hangers of the ceiling construction passing
through ducts, the obstruction shall be encompassed with a "streamliner".
M. Install manual dampers, automatic dampers (provided by control manufacturer) fire
dampers, smoke dampers, grilles, registers, diffusers, register boxes, access doors, etc.,
as indicated on the drawings described elsewhere in the specifications and as required
for a complete system ready for operation. Balancing dampers shall be provided in
each branch, split or tap connection of low pressure ducts unless otherwise noted on
plans. Quadrant dampers shall be furnished and installed in locations shown on plans.
N. Exact dimensions of register boxes must await approval of grilles, and exact locations
shall be submitted for approval, otherwise any changes directed after installation shall
be made without additional cost to the Owner. All register boxes and other openings
must be kept tightly closed during construction to keep out rubbish.
2.2 LOW PRESSURE DUCTWORK
A. Low pressure ductwork is defined as ductwork in the systems where velocities do not
exceed 10 m/sec and static pressures do not exceed 500 Pa at fan discharge.
C. All low pressure ductwork shall be galvanized steel, except where otherwise specified,
with gauges as follows, and constructed and braced so not to deform, break of fail to
support its own weight.

Sheet Metal Duct Gauges

Low Pressure

Duct Width Sheet Metal Thickness

(mm) (mm)
Up to 600 .6
601 to 760 .6
761 to 1220 .8
1221 to 1800 1.0
over 1800 1.2

C. Total air outlet volume for low pressure duct systems, measured by means of a
velometer, shall be at least 95% of actual fan supply (measured by means of duct
traverse taken with a pitot tube and water manometer.)

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2.3 MEDIUM PRESSURE DUCTWORK

A. Medium pressure ductwork is defined as ductwork in systems where velocities exceed

10 m/sec and static pressures do not exceed 1500 Pa.

B. All medium pressure ductwork shall be galvanized steel except where otherwise
specified, with gauges, as follows, brace and construction so as to support its own
weight and not to break, rattle or deform under pressure.

Sheet Metal Duct Gauges

Medium Pressure

Duct Width Sheet Metal Thickness

(mm) (mm)
up to 600 .8
601 to 760 .8
761 to 1200 1.2
1221 to 2030 1.5
over 2031 1.5

C. Total air outlet volume for medium pressure duct systems, measured by means of a
velometer, shall be at least 98% of actual fan supply (measured by means of a duct
traverse taken with a Pitot tube and water manometer) i.e., maximum 2% leakage.

2.4 KITCHEN EXHAUST DUCTS

A. All kitchen cooking equipment exhaust ductwork shall be constructed of minimum

3.4 mm thick black iron.

Ducts shall have welded seams and 50 mm x 50m x 6 mm matched angle iron joint
connections. All joints shall be ground smooth, fitted and welded to make
connections grease-proof and airtight. The exterior of all kitchen cooking
equipment ventilation ducts shall have welded 38 mm x 38 mm x 3 mm angles,
punched for securing block insulation. Provide 457 mm x 457 mm access doors on
side of horizontal duct at 4.5 m spacing. Access doors shall be same as duct gauge,
and shall be located not less than 50 mm above bottom of duct to provide a drip lip.
All horizontal ducts shall be pitched back to hoods 1mm per 30 mm or maximum
pitch attainable. Provide residue trap and cleanout provisions at base of each
vertical risers. Kitchen exhaust ducts shall contain no dampers, turning vanes or
obstructions.

2.5 BREECHINGS AND FLUES

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 A. Smoke breechings and connections shall be constructed of not lighter than 3.4 (10
ga.) mm black steel sheets and shall be made up in sections with 38 mm flanged
ends, or with 50 mm x 50 mm x 6mm steel angles for bolting sections
together and with 38 mm x 38 mm x 6 mm brace angles all around breeching at the
middle of sections which are over 1524 mm in length. Angles shall be riveted or
welded to the steel sheets. Bolts and rivets shall be spaced more than 150 mm on
centers.

Seams of smoke breeching sections shall be riveted with 6 mm diameter rivets at

not more than 100 mm centers for girth seams and 150 mm centers for longitudinal
seams, or they shall be continuously welded on the outside. Steel angles 25 mm x
25 mm x 3 mm shall be riveted to the underside of rectangular breechings on 1 m
centers to support wire mesh for block covering, which shall be securely wired to
projecting legs of angles in holes punched on 200 mm centers. Breechings shall be
gas tight. Adequate provision shall be made for expansion into the chimney
openings.

B. Where other than rectangular smoke breeching is specified or indicated on

drawings, the joints shall be telescoped and riveted.

C. Smoke breechings shall be hung from the structure. Hangers for supports shall be
not less than 19 mm diameter steel rods, spaced not more than 2.4 m apart. Steel
beams shall be inserted where required. Use 63 mm steel angles as stiffeners for
hangers at top and bottom side of breeching.

D. Each smoke breeching shall be equipped with hinged cleanout doors not less than
381 mm x 381 mm in size. One such cleanout door shall be provided at the end of
smoke breechings. When the horizontal run of smoke pipe exceeds 5 meters
additional cleanout doors shall be provided and shall be so spaced that the distance
between cleanout doors shall not exceed 5 meters. Unless otherwise specified or
approved, cleanout doors shall be installed in sides of smoke breechings.

E. Breading and flues are identified on the drawings .

2.6 AIR CASINGS

A. All air casings and plenums shall be constructed of 1.5mm galvanized iron braced
and stiffened on outside by means of 50mm x 50mm x 6mm galvanized steel
angles, or with 15 mm standing seam panels not to exceed 660 mm width.
Standing seams are to have additional right angle bend and shall be capped with
No. 1.2 mm galvanized "U" cap over entire length of seam. All joints shall be
caulked to make them airtight. The bottom of all air chambers at the floor shall be
gasketed to prevent air leakage.

B. Casings shall be supported on floor curbs. The bottom of all air casings at the floor
and at any other connection to masonry shall be riveted to 38 mm x 38 mm x 3 mm
galvanized steel angles which have been secured to masonry with expansion shields
and caulked tight with cement.

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 C. Provide angles above and below access doors and frames for access doors. See
"Access Doors in Sheet Metal Work" for construction of doors.

D. This Contractor shall be responsible for any additional bracing required for
stiffness including roof deck of casings. The roof deck shall be braced and
supported from the structure, if required.

2.7 ACCESS DOORS IN SHEET METAL WORK

A. Wherever necessary in ductwork, casings or sheet metal partitions, this Contractor
shall provide suitable access doors and frames to permit inspections, operation and
maintenance of all valves, controls, fire dampers, filters, bearings, traps, or other
apparatus concealed behind the sheet metal work. All such doors shall be of double
construction of not less than .9 mm sheet metal and shall have sponge rubber
gaskets around their entire perimeter. Doors in insulated ducts or insulated casings
shall have rigid fiberglass insulation between the metal panels.

B. All access doors in sheet metal ducts shall be hung on heavy flat hinges and shall
be secured in the closed position by means of cast zinc clinching type
latches. Where space conditions preclude hinges, use four heavy window type
latches. Doors into ducts shall in general not be smaller than 300 x 300 except for
access door to fire dampers which will depend on size of fire damper.

C. In no case shall access to any items or equipment requiring inspections,

adjustments, or servicing require the removal of nuts, bolts, screws, wing nuts,
wedges, or any other screwed or loose device.

D. Each sheet metal chamber shall have access doors for access to all parts of the
system. Doors shall be fitted with cast zinc door latches, two per door. Latches
shall be operable from both sides of casing. As per SMACNA Details Hinges shall
be extra heavy, zinc plated hinges, minimum of three per door. The doors shall be
felted or provided with rubber gaskets so as to make them airtight. The doors shall
be made with inner and outer sheets 50 mm apart so that they may be properly
insulated and properly operated. Doors shall be a minimum size of 500 mm x 1200
mm.

2.8 DAMPERS

A. Furnish and install all dampers required for all systems to accomplish the intent of the
drawings and specifications.
Dampers to be located at every branch has more than two outlets .

B. All dampers requiring modulating or two position controls shall conform to

construction and finish as indicated under Section of “Automatic Controls BMS”.
Dampers are to be installed in frames properly caulked to prevent leakage when closed.
All automatic louver dampers for modulating air flow shall be of the opposed blade
type. Leakage not to exceed 17 m3/hr at 100 mm wg.

C. Damper to be similar to EGAT type JZ or approved equal .

Sheet Metal Duct Work 15815 – Page 6 of 14

2.9 FIRE DAMPERS

A. Furnish and install fusible link fire dynamic where shown on the drawings and in
accordance with applicable local regulations.

B. Dampers are required wherever ducts enter or leave shafts or pierce fire-rated
construction or concrete slab .

C. Fire dampers shall be constructed of 0.7 mm and sleeve 1.2 mm sheet steel, with
fusible links designed to break at 74C.

D. The space between the damper sleeve and the masonry opening shall be packed
with an approved sealant similar to Dow Corning "Fire Stop Foam and Sealant".
Firmly attach the fire damper frame or sleeve to the wall.

Damper types are as follows:

1. Type I (1 1/2 hr.); With factory standard sleeve in air stream for air
velocities up to 10 m/sec. 100% free area out of air stream for all ducts less
than 300 mm in height and air velocities greater than 10 m/sec.

2. Type II (3 hr.); With factory standard sleeve in air stream. For velocities up
to 10 M/sec. 100% free area out of air stream for all ducts less than 300
mm in height and velocities greater than 10 m/sec.

3. Spring loaded damper shall be provided for installation in vertical ducts and
shall be same as above.

F. Provide an access door in the duct on the same side as the fusible link to permit
ready access for inspection and maintenance.

G. All fire dampers must be provided with an external device which indicates the
position of the damper.

H. All fire dampers and sleeves should be UL listed.

2.10 SMOKE DAMPERS - FIRE SMOKE DAMPERS

A. Furnish and install smoke dampers where shown on the drawings in accordance
with applicable local regulations. Fire/smoke damper system shall be subject to
approval of the local fire department.

B. In general, dampers are required to isolate air handling equipment from the
remainder of the system and wherever ducts penetrate smoke partitions. Where fire
partitions are used as smoke partitions, dampers shall be combination fire/smoke
type as specified above.

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 C. Smoke and fire/smoke dampers shall be constructed 0.6mm and 1.2 mm sleeve
sheet steel with high temperature blade seal and fusible links designed to break at
74C.

D. Smoke and fire/smoke dampers shall be of the following types.

1. Type I; with factory standard sleeve and electric operator, models MA-418
or MP-2781 (220v/50 hz).

2. Type II; parallel blade damper with electric operator 220v/50hz. Use in
discharge ductwork at supply fan and return air where applicable.

3. Type III; Combination fire/smoke damper with factory standard sleeve,

electric operation 220v/50hz. Damper shall close upon activation of
smoke detector or firestat or shall stop upon breakage of fusible link.
Include factory wired damper reset switch on damper housing and end
switches for override light indication.

E. All fire/smoke dampers and sleeves should be UL listed.

F. Smoke dampers where indicated on the plans shall conform to the UL555S leakage
class specified . Damper actuator shall be UL listed and suitable for the
application . The operating ambient temperature of the

2.11 DRIP PANS AND DRAINS

A. Examine the drawings, and in cooperation with the Electrical trade confirm the
final location of all electrical equipment to be installed in the vicinity of piping.
Plan and arrange all overhead piping no closer than 600 mm from a vertical line to
electric motors and controllers, switchboards, panel boards, or similar equipment.

B. Where the installation of piping does not comply with the requirements of
foregoing paragraph, where feasible, the piping shall be relocated.

C. Furnish copper gutters as follows:

1. Provide and erect a gutter of 1 mm cold rolled copper under every pipe
which is within 600 mm of being vertically over any motor, electrical
controllers, switchboards, or the like.

2. Each gutter shall be soldered and made watertight, properly suspended and
carefully pitched to a convenient point for draining. Provide a 75 mm drain
to nearest floor drain or slop sink, as approved.

3. In lieu of such separate gutters, a continuous protecting sheet of similar

construction, adequately supported and braced, properly rimmed, pitched

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 and drained, may be provided over any such motor, and extending 600 mm
in all directions beyond the motor, over which such piping has to run.

D. Each coil section composing the coil bank of a built up rig shall have an individual
drain pan extending 300 mm past the front edge of the coil with a minimum 50 mm
vertical lip downstream of the coil. The top edge of the lip shall be turned
backward. The pans shall be connected with galvanized pipe to permit drainage to
the floor drain. Pans shall be minimum 1.7 mm galvanized iron and shall be
pitched to the drain.

2.12 FLEXIBLE CONNECTIONS

A. All fan and air supply unit connections, both at inlet and discharge shall be made
with an approved flame proof fabric, so as to prohibit the transfer of vibration from
fans to ductwork connecting thereto, without air leakage. The materials between
the clamps shall have sufficient slack so as to prevent tearing due to fan movement.

B. The flexible connections shall be a minimum of 200 mm total length and held in
place with flanged connections or heavy metal bands securely attached, to prevent
any leakage at the connection points.

C. Flexible connections shall be fabricated from a flame proofed fabric.

2.13 ALUMINUM DUCTWORK

A. Where indicated, provide aluminum sheet complying with ASTM B 209, Alloy
3003.

B. For aluminum ductwork provide aluminum support materials except where

materials are electrolytically separated from ductwork.

C. Bracing and construction must be in accordance with latest SMACNA duct

construction standards.

D. Aluminum ductwork shall be provided for the following systems:

1. All swimming pool supply and return.

2. Kitchen dishwasher exhaust.

3. Laundry, dryer and iron/folder exhaust.

4. Outdoor intake, spill, exhaust and mixed air plenums.

5. Ductwork exposed to outdoor elements.

6. Exhaust ducts from locker room showers, up to the trunk duct.

Sheet Metal Duct Work 15815 – Page 9 of 14

 7. Laboratories iner indicated in plans .

E. Provide die-electric joints between aluminum and steel.

2.14 STAINLESS STEEL DUCTWORK

A. For all exposed uninsulated connections to kitchen equipment and where indicated
on the drawings, provide stainless steel ducts; Type 304, with polished finish where
exposed to view in occupied spaces, mill finish elsewhere. Protect finished
surfaces with mill-applied adhesive protective paper, maintained through
fabrication and installation.

B. Provide continuous welded construction.

C. Support, bracing, hangers and fasteners to be of same material.

D. Where used for moisture laden air, pitch duct to convenient point to allow for
drainage. Provide 24mm plastic drain pipe and run to nearest drain, or as
approved.

E. Hand and automatic dampers shall be stainless steel, of the same

type specified for the system.

2.15 ALTERNATIVE PRE – INSULATED DUCT

This item could be used in lieu of the normal sheet metal duct work as alternative to reduce
duration in the time schedule

Ducts And Ducts Accessories

Furnish and install pre –insulated ductwork ducts hanger and all necessary accessories for
proper installation of damper , fire damper. diffusers and grilles … etc.
Ducts surface area , for payment purpose , is be based on the actual dimensions of ducts
installed . Rates should be calculated into consideration waste , joints , seams , etc.

Ducts composition and material

General
Heating , ventilation and air conditioning ducts in pre–installed aluminum ,
will be constructed using PIRAL HD HYDROTEC type sandwich panels
made of water formulated polyurethane foam without use o CFC or HCFC ,
density of 50-54 kg/m3 .

Provide laboratory analysis to show that no any harmful gases will be

generated by direct exposures to the fire.

Technical Specifications :

Sheet Metal Duct Work 15815 – Page 10 of 14

 External aluminum : thickness of 0.08 mm embossed protected W/polyester lacquer .

Internal aluminum : thickness of 0.08 mm embossed protected W/polyester lacquer .

Insulation
component : Water formulated polyurethane foam without use 0 CFC or
HCFC ,density of 46 – 50 kg /m3 ;

Thickness : 20 mm.

Thermal conductivity : 0.024 W/(M 0 C ) at 10 o C ;

Stiffness class : R 200.000 ;

The sandwich panel should be certified and approved , from a recognized association
as a low level fire participation composition with minimum fume opacity and
toxicity .

Outdoor Ducts

In all sections installed outside , the ducts must be built using sandwich type
PIRAL HD HYDROTEC OUTSIDER panels with the following
characteristics :

External aluminum : thickness of 0.2 mm embossed , protected with polyester

lacquer ;

Internal aluminum : thickness of 0.08 mm embossed , protected with polyester

lacquer .

Insulationcomponent : water formulated polyurethane foam without use of CFC

and HCFC , density of 46 – 50 kg /m3 ;

Conductivity : 0.024 W ( M o C ) at 10 o C ;

Thickness : 30 mm.

Stiffness class : R 900.000 ;

And will also be protected with water proofing resin ( GUM SKIN
type ) .
Bitumen – based compounds must not be used .

Ducts Fabrication And Installation

The ducts will be constructed according the type standards type standards.
Wherever necessary , the ducts must be provided with the appropriate
reinforcements to guarantee sufficient mechanical seal against a maximum
internal pressure of 500 pa during operation .

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  The maximum deformation of the ducts must never exceed 3% of its width or
in any case 30 mm.

 Elbows and special pieces will be provided with turning vanes wherever indi-
cated .

 The maximum length of each single ducts must not exceed 4 m .

 Whenever the ducts penetrate the building’s roof , they will be provided with “
gooseneck “ elbows at the ends in order to prevent the entry of snow and water .

Ducts Sealant .

 All ducts joints dampers and antivibration should be sealed with non–toxic , UV
radiation and soluble salts resisting gasket .

 The gasket materials is made of self–adhesive polyurethane foam , treated with

and acrylic resin – based mixture or equivalent material .

Ducts Joints And Connection

 The joints between one ducts and the next will be performed using the special “
invisible “ flanges with unexposed bayonet coupling and ensure the appropriate
pneumatic and mechanical seal .

 Bayonet should be made of shock – resistant polymer and has to be self – lubri-
cating for easy insertion in flange with perfect air tightness .

 The flange ends should be provided with covering angle to prevent bayonet
from getting out and to achieve a good aesthetic finish ,

Joints thermal insulation

Insulation of duct joints ( where required ) is to be done with anti

condensation tape , in closed – cell cross linked polyethylene foam coupled
on one side with embossed aluminum

Ducts Support and hangers

 The ducts will be supported by the appropriate supports at intervals of no more than 4
m whenever the greater of the ducts is less than 1 m , and intervals of no more than 2
m whenever the greater side of the ducts is more than 1 m .

 Ducts positioned outside will be bracketed every 2 m and raised from ground using
the appropriate wind braces . Whenever positioned horizontally , they must be in-

Sheet Metal Duct Work 15815 – Page 12 of 14

 clined at a sufficient angle to encourage water drainage .

Dampers , Grilles and AHU Connection

 Accessories such as volume dampers , fire barriers , and ducts coils , and so on , will
be provided with independent support in such a way that their weight does not bear on
the ducts .

 All the openings of the ducts facing outside ( external air inlet , internal air expulsion ,
and so on ) will be equipped with the appropriate screens to prevent the entry of brads
.

 Wherever indicated , the ducts will also be provided with the appropriate test points
for the velocity sensors and inspection doors for cleaning and inspection all along the
route .

 The inspection doors can be built using same sandwich panels used for the ducts in
combination with the appropriate section bars , and will be equipped with liners that
ensure sufficient pneumatic seal .

 The connections between the air handling units and the ducts will be made using the
appropriate vibration damping joints in order to reduce all vibrations .The ducts will
be provided with independent support in drier to prevent the weight of the ducts from
being transferred to the flexible couplings . The connection to the air handling unit
will also permit easy uncoupling for normal system maintenance . Whenever the vi-
bration damping joints positioned outside , they will be rendered waterproof .

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 INSTALLATION

A. Install ductwork in accordance with approved shop drawings and conditions at the
site. Advise Architect in writing of any condition which prevents the approved
duct installation.

B. Provide opening in sheet metal ductwork for installation of smoke detectors.

Securely install air-tight housing and sampling tubes furnished by the Electrical
Contractor.

C. Provide 25 mm test ports with standard weight piping caps at all ideal locations for
obtaining air. test readings, static pressure, duct traverses temperature etc.

Sheet Metal Duct Work 15815 – Page 13 of 14

 D. Laundry Exhaust Ductwork:

1. Do not put screws, etc. on the inside of any sheet metal duct. Lint will
"snowball" if caught by any protrusion.

2. Do not connect dryer vent duct to the filter until electric and compressed air
installations are completed.

END OF SECTION 15815

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