2021-2022

University of Soran
Faculty of Engineering
Chemical Department
SIM (4)

Fluid (lab 1)
(capillary rise and communicating vessels)

Supervised by: Mr. Ali Hosin

Lab supervisors:
Miss.Arazwo

Prepared by: zhyar sdeeq

fluid April 12, 2022

Contents
Aim: .............................................................................................................................................................. 3
Introduction: ............................................................................................................................................... 3
Equipment and Material: ........................................................................................................................... 3
Procedure ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
Result/discussion ......................................................................................................................................... 4
Reference ..................................................................................................................................................... 5

Table of figure
Figure 1 ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
Figure 2 ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
Figure 3 ......................................................................................................................................................... 4

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Aim:
The primary goal of this experiment is to investigate the forces that exist between liquids
and the inner surface of the container in which they are contained.

Introduction:
Communicating vessels or vases are a group of containers that hold a homogenous
fluid and are connected sufficiently enough below the liquid's surface so that when the
liquid settles, it balances out to the same level in all of the containers, regardless of their
shape or volume.
capillary tube: Capillary ascent is a test used to assess a liquid's surface tension or the
angle of contact between the liquid and the soil or pipe material. The net upward force
exerted by the attraction of water molecules to the surface of a solid causes capillary
action, which causes a liquid to rise above zero pressure levels.

Equipment and Material:

1. pascal vases

Figure 1

2. capillary tube

Figure 2

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3. capillary tube

Figure 3

Procedure
capillary rise:
1. First, we attach the Capillary tubes at the bottom.
2. Fill the large tube in the basement with water.
3. By injecting water through a needle, any surplus air can be removed.
4. Following that, keep an eye on the water level in the tube.
communicating vessels
1. in the first we bring an pascal vases and clean it
2. then Fill it with water
3. we see the water it balances out to the same level in all of the containers
regardless of the shape and volume of the containers.

Result/discussion
In that research when we used a Communicating vessel we saw that the water up same
into the all tubes When we utilize a capillary tube, however, it is not the same. Capillary
action is defined as the ascension of liquids through a thin tube, cylinder, or permeable
substance as a result of adhesive and cohesive forces engaging between the liquid and
the surface.
Capillarity occurs when the intermolecular bonding of a liquid is significantly inferior to
the surface of the substance with which it is interacting. The amount of liquid elevated is
also determined by the container's diameter and gravitational forces.
While water has this unique feature, a liquid like mercury does not since it has a
stronger cohesive force than sticky force. This also explains why this occurrence only
occurs in narrow tubes. (In the absence of gravity, as well). Because only a small
fraction of the liquid comes into contact with the vessel walls in larger vessels, adhesive
forces are low and the liquid barely rises. To increase capillary action, raise the
temperature, reduce the diameter of the capillary tube, execute any number of surface

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tension-lowering activities, and so on. To reduce capillary action, do the opposite of

what you'd do to boost it, including raising the density of the liquid you're working with.

Reference
1. Mario Bunge, Philosophy of Science: From Explanation to Justification, 1998, ISBN 1412830834, p.
369
2. ^ Spellman, Frank R.; Whiting, Nancy E. (2005). Environmental engineer's mathematics handbook.
CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-56670-681-0.
3. ^ Fontana, Fabrizio; DiCapua Roberto (August 2005). "Role of hydrostatic paradoxes towards the
formation of the scientific thought of students at academic level". European Journal of Physics (6):
1017–1030. Bibcode:2005EJPh...26.1017F. doi:10.1088/0143-0807/26/6/009.
4. nadafian, F., n.d. solsarin. Available at: https://solsarin.com/what-causes-capillary-action/
[Accessed 19 Mar 2022].
5. Singh, J., 2019/Nov/16. Available at: https://www.concepts-of-physics.com/mechanics/capillary-
rise.php [Accessed 25 Mar 2022]