Agriculture Scenario in India

Manual of

Current Agricultural Statistics

By

Mr. Aanandi Lal Jat Mr. Gaurav Pathak

M. Sc. (Ag.) Agronomy M. Sc. (Ag.) Agronomy

Department of Agronomy

Rajasthan College of Agriculture

Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology,

Udaipur
 COMPILED AND EDITED BY: Mr. AANANDI LAL JAT AND Mr. GAURAV PATHAK
M.Sc. Agronomy, RCA Udaipur, Mob. No. +918890965064, +919887315365.

Agronomy and General Agriculture

 Some important international years
 2004- International year of rice
 2005- International year of micro credit
 2006- International year of desert and desertification
 2007- International year of water
 2008- International year of potato
 2009- International year of fibre
 2010- International year of biodiversity
 2011- International year of forest

 Area, production and productivity of agricultural crops in India during (2008-09)

Crops Area Production Productivity Largest area Largest Productivity

(m ha) (mt) (Kg ha-1) rank wise state production (Kg ha-1) Ist
rank wise rank state
state
Total food 122.83 234.47 1909 UP>Raj.>MP UP>WB>AP PB (4231)
grain
Total Pulses 22.09 14.57 659 MP>Raj.>MH MP>UP>Raj. HR (980)
Total Oilseed 27.56 27.72 1006 MP>Raj.>MH MP>Raj.>GJ TN (1782)
Rice 45.54 99.18 2178 UP>WB>Orissa WB>AP>UP PB (4022)
Wheat 27.75 80.68 2907 UP>MP>PB UP>PB>HR PB (4462)
Maize 8.17 19.73 2414 KN>Raj.>AP AP>KN>Raj. AP (4873)
Sorghum 7.53 7.25 962 MP>KN>Raj. MH>KN>Raj. AP (1568)
Bajra 8.75 8.89 1015 Raj.>MH>UP Raj.>UP>HR HR (1769)
Bengal gram 7.89 7.06 895 MP>Raj.>MH MP>Raj.>AP AP (1412)
Red gram 3.38 2.27 671 MH>KN>AP MH>KN>UP Bihar(1178)
Coarse 27.45 40.04 1449 Raj.>MH>KN Raj.>MH>KN AP (3713)
cereals
Ground nut 6.16 7.17 1163 GJ>AP>KN GJ>AP>TN TN (1989)
Rapseed and 6.30 7.20 1143 Raj.>UP>MP Raj.>UP>HR HR (1738)
mustard
Soybean 9.51 9.91 1041 MP>MH>Raj. MP>MH>Raj. AP (1366)
Sunflower 1.81 1.16 639 KN>AP>MH KN>AP>MH UP (1889)
Cotton 9.41 22.28 403 MH>GJ>AP GJ>MH>AP PB (737)
(million bale,
each170kg)
Jute & Mesta 0.90 10.37 2071 WB >Bihar > WB >Bihar > WB (2422)
(million bale, Assam Assam
each 180 kg)
Sugarcane 4.42 285.03 64,553 UP>MH>TN UP>MH>TN TN(106197)
  Total food grain production in India during 2009-10

Crops Area (m ha) production (m t) yield (kg ha-1)

Rice 41.85 89.13 2130

Wheat 28.52 80.71 2830

Total food grain 121.37 218.20 1798

Total pulses 23.35 14.60 625

Total oilseed 26.11 24.93 955

Total oilseed (9 crops): Ground nut, Rap seed and mustard, Soybean, Sunflower, Sesamum, Niger
seed, Safflower, Castor, Linseed.

Note: Total food grain production in India during 2009-10 (IVth advance estimate on 19.07.2010)

 Three largest producing state of important crops during 2008-09

Crops State Production (million tonnes)

1. Rice WB 15.04
AP 14.24
UP 13.10
All India 99.18
2. Wheat UP 28.55
PB 15.73
HR 10.81
All India 80.68
3. Maize AP 4.15
KN 3.03
Raj. 1.83
All India 19.73
4. Total Coarse Raj. 7.33
Cereal KN 6.25
MH 5.97
All India 14.57
5. Total food grain UP 46.73
PB 27.33
AP 20.42
All India 234.47
6. Total oilseed MP 6.98
Raj. 5.18
GJ 4.02
All India 27.72
7. Sugarcane UP 124.67
MH 88.44
TN 38.07
All India 348.19
 8. Cotton* GJ 7.01
MH 4.75
AP 3.57
All India 22.28
9. Potato UP 10.81
WB 9.90
PB 2.00
All India 34.39
10. Onion MH 3.93
KN 3.03
GJ 1.41
All India 13.57

Cotton*: Production of cotton in million bales (each 170 kg)

 Area and production of horticultural crops during 2008-09

Horticulture Crops Area (“000” ha) Production (“000” tonnes)

Total fruit 6101 68,465

Mango 2309 12,750

Banana 709 26,217

Citrus 923 8608

Guava 207 2270

Apple 271 1985

Graps 80 1878

Total vegetable 7979 1, 29,078

Potato 1828 34391

Onion 834 13,565

Tomato 599 11,149

Plantation crops 3217 11336

Coconut 1903 10,148

Cashew nut 893 695

Areca nut 387 481

Others

Mushroom - 37

Honey - 65
Spices 2629 4145

Horticulture crop Area Production

Fruit M.H>A.P A.P>M.H
Vegetable W.B>U.P W.B>U.P
Flower T.N>K.N T.N>K.N(loose),W.B>K.N(cut)

 Fish production in India (lakh tonnes)

Years Marine Inland Total

2007-08 29.19 42.07 71.26

2008-09 29.77 46.60 76.37

 Livestock population in India (million numbers)

Livestock 2003 2007

Cattle 188.2 191.2

Adult female 64.5 68.5

Buffalo 97.9 102.4

Adult buffalo 51.0 52.7

Total livestock 485.0 510.6

Poultry 489.0 571.0

Dogs 29.0 38.8

 All India Production of Milk, Eggs and Wool

Years Milk (mt), Eggs (b no.) Wool (m kg)

2007-08 104.8 53.5 44.0

2008-09 108.5 55.6 42.7

 Highest Milk production- UP

 Highest Egg production- AP
 Highest Wool production- Rajasthan
 Highest Meat production- AP

 Agricultural land use in India (2007-08):

 Total geographical area : 328.73 m ha
 Total reported area : 305.67 m ha
 Forest area : 69.63 m ha or 22.8 %
 Area not available for cultivation : 43.22 m ha
  Permanent pasture and grazing land : 10.39 m ha or 3.4 %
 Culturable Waste Land :13.12 m ha or 4.3 %
 Fallow land : 25.15 m ha
 Net sown area : 141.49 m ha or 46.3%
 Total (gross) cropped area : 195.83 m ha
 Area sown more than once : 54.97 m ha
 Cropping intensity :139.0 %
 Net irrigated area : 62.29 m ha
 Gross irrigated area : 87.26 m ha

 All-India Consumption of Fertilisers in Terms of Nutrients [N, P & K (‘000’ tonnes)]

Years N P K Total

2007-08 14,419.1 5514.7 2636.3 22,570.1

2008-09 15,090.5 6506.2 3312.6 24,909.3

 Consumption, Production and Import of Fertilisers in India

Years Consumption (lakh tonnes)

N P K Total

2007-08 144.2 55.15 26.36 225.70

2008-09 150.9 65.06 33.12 249.09

Production (lakh tonnes)

2007-08 109.0 38.07 - 147.07

2008-09 108.7 34.64 - 143.34

Import (lakh tonnes)

2007-08 36.77 12.53 26.53 75.83

2008-09 37.51 30.67 34.03 102.21

 Average consumption of fertilizer in India- 128.58 kg/ha

 Ave. highest fertilizer consumption in India- Pondicherry (776.11 kg/ha)>AP (239.71 kg/ha)
 Average highest N fertilizer consumption- Pondicherry (446 kg/ha)>PB (166.83 kg/ha)
P fertilizer consumption- Pondicherry (157.50 kg/ha)>AP (66.52 kg/ha)
K fertilizer consumption- Pondicherry (172.50 kg/ha)>AP (38.66 kg/ha)
 Total highest fertilizer consumption in India- UP
 Total highest N fertilizer consumption in India- UP
P fertilizer consumption in India- UP
K fertilizer consumption in India- Gujrat

 India Position in World Agriculture in 2008:

  India first rank- Rubber, Red gram, coconut, Ginger, Turmeric, Black pepper, Banana,
Sapota, Milk, Sugar production, Cashew nuts, Total pulses, Jute and jute like fibres, buffaloes
 India second rank- Vegetable production, Fruit production, Inland fish, Groundnut, Total
population (17.5%), Wheat, Rice, potato, Onion, Sugarcane, Cotton (lint), Cattle, Goats,
Agriculture tractor in use, Arable land (11.2%).
 India third rank- Fertilizer consumption, Fish production, Tobacco, Total egg production,
Sheep, Tea, Rape seed, Total cereals
 India fifth rank- Chicken, Total meat
 India seventh rank- Coffee (green), Total area (2.4%), Land area (2.3%).
 India tenth rank- camels

Source: FAO, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok.

 Minimum support prices of various agricultural commodities (according to crop year):

As on 10.06.2010 ( per quintal)

S. No. Commodity Variety 2009-10 2010-11

I. Kharif crops

1. Paddy Common 950 1000

Grade A 980 1030

2. Sorghum Hybrid 840 880

Maldandi 860 900

3. Bajra - 840 880

4. Maize - 840 880

5. Ragi - 915 965

6. Arhar - 2300 3000

7. Green gram - 2760 3170

8. Black gram - 2520 2900

9. Cotton F-414, H-777, J-34 2500 3000

H-4 3000 3000

10. Ground nut - 2100 2300

11. Sunflower seed - 2215 2350

12. Soybean Black 1350 1400

Yellow 1390 1440

13. Sesamum - 2850 2900

14. Niger seed - 2405 2450

II. Rabi crops

15. Wheat - 1100 1120

16. Barley - 750

17. Gram - 1760

18. Lentil - 1870

19. Rapeseed & Mustard 1830

20. Safflower - 1680

21. Toria - 1735

III. Other crops

22. Copra Milling 4450 4450

Bail 4700 4700

23. Jute - 1375 1575

24. De husked coconut 1200 1200

25. Sugarcane - 129.84 139.12

Note: All the above information’s were collected (on February, 2011) from the source: Ministry of
Agriculture, GOI and Directorate of Economics and Statistics of Agriculture and Co-operation.

 Present scenario of farm mechanization in India

Adoption of mechanization in agriculture:

 Tillage and seedbed preparation … 30%

 Sowing and planting … 10%

 Weeding and inter-culture … 10%

 Weeding and inter-cutlure … 10%

 Plant protection … 70%

 Irrigation … 65%

 Harvesting … 20%

 Threshing … 60%

Effect of farm mechanization in farming in terms of overall saving:

 Parameter Percent saving

 Saving in seed : 15-20

 Saving in fertilizer : 15-20
 Saving in time : 20-30
 Reduction in labour : 20-30
 Increase in cropping intensity : 5-20
 Higher productivity : 10-15
 Net Increase : 29-49

Type of Farmer Area (ha.) Ave. size of operational holding (2000-01) ha.
Marginal <1 0.4
Small 1-2 1.42
Semi medium 2-4 2.72
Medium 4-10 5.81
Large 10 above 17.12

 Ave. farm size of operational holding (2000-01) In India- 1.33 ha.

 Max. Size of operation holding in India- Nagaland (6.82 ha.)
 Min. Size of operation holding in India- Kerala (0.33 ha.)
 Per capita food grain availability in India- 444 g/day
 Per capita cereals availability in India- 407 g/day
 Per capita pulse requirement in India- 75-80 g
 Per capita pulses availability in India- 37 g/day
 Per capita requirement of milk in India- 280 g
 Per capita availability of milk in India- 252 g
 Per capita vegetable requirement in India- 300 g/day
 Per capita vegetable availability in India- 145 g
 Per capita highest availability of milk- Punjab (800 g)
 Total cultivated area under fodder crop- 4.5%
 Max. Area under irrigation- Punjab
 Area under Bt cotton in India (2009)- 8.4 m ha
 Max. Area under drip irrigation- Maharashtra
 Fertilizer consumption in world- China>USA>India
 Contribution of agriculture in GDP- Agri. (13.2%), forestry (1.7%), fishing (0.8%)
 Stock of cereals held (buffer stock)- 47.6 mt (2010), 36.1 mt (2009)
 India account in vegetable production- 13.38% of total world production
 Share of agriculture product in total export (2007-08)- 11.7%
 Largest contributor commodity in agriculture import (2007-08)- Edible oil (1% of GDP)
 Largest contributor commodity in agriculture export (2007-08)- Row cotton
 India’s share in world exports (2006-07)- 1%
 Fat (%) in milk- Sheep>Buffalo>Goat>Cow
 Protein (%) in milk- Sheep>Buffalo>Cow>Goat
 Carbohydrates (%) in milk- Buffalo>Cow>Sheep>Goat
 Highest silk production- AP
 Highest lac production- Bihar
 State first in Tea production- Assam, In world- China
 State first in rubber production- Kerala, In world- Malasiya
  State first in coffee production- KN, In world- Brazil

Entomology

Important land marks

 Biodiversity Act 2002

 Convention of Biological Diversity 1972
 Central Insecticide Act 1968
 Destructive Insects and Pest Act 1914
 Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine and Storage 1946
 Environment Protection Act 1986
 Prevention of Food Adulteration Act 1954
 Protection of Plant Variety and Farmers Rights Act 2001
 Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972
 World Trade Organization 1995

 Number pesticide restricted for use in India:- 13

Some important:- Aluminium Phosphide, DDT, Lindane, Methyl Parathion, Monocrotophos
(banned for use on vegetables) and Endosulphan (banned in Kerala)
 Number bio-pesticide registered in India- 13
 Father of Entomology:- Agstino Bassi
 Indian Journal of Applied Entomology publish from- Entomological Research Association,
Department of Entomology, RCA, Udaipur.
 Indian Journal of Entomology publish from- Division of Entomology, IARI, New Delhi
 Number of total pesticide registered under/section of the Insecticide act, 1968 as on
13/11/2009:- 211
 Number of combination of insecticides approved:- 17
 Pesticide consumption in India:- 450 g/ha