Name Date Period#

Marine Science Honors Second Semester Exam Review

ESTUARIES

1. What is a watershed? How does a watershed impact an estuary?

2. What is an estuary? Where are they located and why are they important?

3. Describe the following:

a. coastal plain estuary

b. fjord estuary

c. bar build estuary

c. tectonic estuary

d. highly stratified estuary

e. slightly stratified estuary

f. vertically stratified estuary

g. salt wedge

4. Give examples of the Phylum Anthophyta.

5. Give examples of submergent and emergent marine plants.

6. Explain where euryhaline and stenohaline organisms are more likely to be found in an
estuary.

7. Describe the physical and biological components of the following coastal ecosystems:
Mangroves Salt marshes Seagrasses
8. Describe characteristics of the three different types of mangrove trees:
Red Mangroves White Mangroves Black Mangroves

9. Draw and label a diagram showing the order you would find the three species of mangrove
found in Florida.

10. Draw an estuarine food web and label the following trophic levels: decomposers, consumers,
producers.

11. Using your food web, make an energy pyramid showing the amount of energy transferred to
each trophic level.

12. Describe the different feeding techniques:

a. suspension

b. deposit

c. filter feeder
13. What is the importance of detritus in an estuarine community?

14. Explain where you would find salt marshes versus mangroves.

15. How are the following impacting estuaries:

a. dredging

b. urbanization

c. eutrophication

d. oil and surface pollution

ALGAE

16. One way macroalgaes can be categorized is by their

________________.
17. Name an example of a macroalgae verse a microalgae?

18. On the diagram, label the parts of the kelp A-D.

blade, stipe, thallus, holdfast

19. Complete the chart on the macroalgaes:

Common Example(s) Defining Characteristics

Name
Cholorophyta

Rhodophyta

Phaeophyta

20. Diatoms and Dinoflagellates have a variety of shapes. Why is their shape an adaptation for
staying afloat as a phytoplankton?
21. Complete the chart below on the microalgae:

Common Cyanobacteria Dinoflagellates Diatoms

Name
Kingdom

Examples

Defining
Characteristics

22. How does climate change affect producers? What causes red tide?

23. What are positive impacts of algae? How is it used?

24. What are the limiting factors of primary producers?

25. Fill in the table below on the types of plankton:

Description Example(s)
Meroplankton

Holoplankton

Phytoplankton

zooplankton

26. Complete the chart below on the marine lifestyles:

Description Examples (at least 3 for each)

Plankton

Nekton

Benthos
 Invertebrates

27. Complete the chart below on each of the invertebrate phylum:

Movement Specialized Systems Protection Feeding

Phylum Porifera
Examples:

Phylum Cnidarian
Examples:

Phylum Ctenophora
Examples:

Phylum Mollusca

Examples:
-Gastropods

-Bivalves

-Cephalopods

Phylum Annelida
Example:

Phylum Arthropoda

Phylum Echinodermata
 Vertebrates: Fish & Sharks

28. Complete the chart below on the classes of fish:

Agnatha Osteichthyes Chondrichthyes

Examples

Adaptations

29. Match the parts of the bony fish and name it’s function:

Letter from Function

Diagram
Above
Caudal fin

Nostril

Eye

Dorsal fin

Anal fin
 Operculum

Lateral line

Pectoral fin

Mouth

Pelvic fin

30. What is the function of the swim bladder?

31. What are the energy saving techniques used by the Class Chondrichthyes?

32. List and define the 3 reproductive strategies of fish.

33. Complete the table below on the body shapes of fish:

Body Shape Fusiform Laterally Depressed Eel-like

Compressed
Description

Drawing

Example

Vertebrates: Reptiles, Birds & Mammals

34. Complete the table below on marine reptiles, birds, and mammals:

Class Reptilia Aves Mammalia

Adaptations
Examples

42. How does temperature affect the marine reptile nesting?

43. How do nasal salt glands help marine reptiles and birds adapt to living in the ocean?

44. What structures of toothed whales are used in echolocation? What is echolocation used
for?

45. Why are plastics dangerous to marine animals?

35. Complete the table below on Class Mammalia Orders:

Examples Defining Characteristics

Sirenia

Cetacea-
Odonticeti- toothed

Mysticeti-baleen
Pinnipedia-

Carnivora-
36. Suborders of Whales:

Suborder Baleen (Mysticetes) Toothed (Odontocetes)

Adaptations

Examples

37. List differences between seals and sea lions:

Seals Sea lions

Human Impact/Overfishing

38. Define biomagnification.

39. Define bioaccumulation.

40. Why are chlorinated hydrocarbons dangerous to marine organisms? List 3 examples.

41. List examples of heavy metal pollution. Why are they bad for marine animals?

42. What is mariculture?

43. What organisms are raised using mariculture?

44. What are the pros of mariculture?

45. What are the cons of mariculture?

46. Define overfishing.

47. What is a renewable resource? List 3 examples of marine renewable resources.

48. What is a nonrenewable resource? How does a marine resource become nonrenewable?

49. What is Tragedy of the Commons and how can be related to marine science?

50. What is the difference between non-native and invasive?

51. What are examples of marine invasive species?

52. How are invasive species introduced?

53. Why are invasive species such a threat to native species?

54. Complete the table below on types of commercial fishing methods:

Description Problems
Drift Netting

Longline

Trawling

Purse Seining
55. What is a fishery?

56. What are the countries that continue to whale for a resource?

57. Why was tuna boycotted and how were dolphins being harmed?

58. What are the regulation of the whaling moratorium? Who put this into place?

59. What is the Marine Mammal Protection Act? Name an animal that is protected under this

law?

60. Name at least 4 declining fisheries.

61. What is a marine protected area?