cwðgv MwYZ: mvs¯‹…wZK mvgªvR¨ev‡`i †Mvcb A¯¿

A¨vjvb †R. wekc

Abyev`: †gvnv¤§` AvRg

Dcwb‡ek-Avg‡ji we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z ¯’vbxq QvÎ-QvÎxiv †h-welq¸‡jv

co‡Z eva¨ n‡Zv, MwYZ Zvi GKwU; Avi Lye hyw³m½Zfv‡eB g‡b
Kiv n‡Zv, MwY‡Z cwðgv ms¯‹…wZi AvMÖvmx Dcv`vb Av‡Q me‡P‡q
Kg| Av‡Rv GB wek¦v‡mi we‡kl †ni‡di nqwb| Avgiv †Kvb fvlv
wkL‡ev, Kx-ai‡bi BwZnvm ev ag©Z‡Ë¡i PP©v Ki‡ev Ñ Gme wb‡q ZK©-
weZK© Kg nqwb; wKsev, aiv hvK, d«vÝ †_‡K nvRvi nvRvi
wK‡jvwgUvi `~‡ii QvÎQvÎx‡`i Rb¨ Ôdivwm wecø‡ei BwZnvmÕ cvVµg
wnmv‡e KZUv cÖvmw½K Ñ †m-wel‡qI wkÿvZvwË¡Kiv we¯Íi †f‡e‡Qb|
wKš‘ MwYZ‡K memgq a‡i †bqv n‡q‡Q wek¦Rbxb Ñ wek¦Rbxb e‡jB
†Kv‡bv we‡kl ms¯‹…wZi wPý-gy³| wkÿv I mvgªvR¨ev` m¤úwK©Z DÏvg
ZK©weZ‡K©i g‡a¨ MwYZ mvs¯‹…wZKfv‡e wbi‡cÿ GK wel‡qi gh©v`vq
AwawôZ †_‡K‡Q| Jcwb‡ewkK Avg‡ji g‡Zv AvRI AwaKvsk
gvby‡li Kv‡Q ev¯ÍeZvUv GiKgB| ...

eQi c‡bi Av‡MI cÖ_vMZ cÖÁv MwYZ‡K mvs¯‹…wZK Dcv`v‡bi fvi-

gy³ ÁvbKvÐ iƒ‡cB we‡ePbv Ki‡Zv| Lye RbwcÖq hyw³ wQj Ggb: `y‡q
`y‡q Pvi nq, GKUv FYvZ¥K msL¨v‡K Av‡iKUv FYvZ¥K msL¨v w`‡q
¸Y Ki‡j cvIqv hvq GKUv abvZ¥K msL¨v, wKsev wÎfz‡Ri wZb
†Kv‡Yi mgwó 1800 Ñ Gme wee„wZ c„w_exi me©ÎB mgvbfv‡e Lv‡U|
A_©vr, G‡`i i‡q‡Q wek¦Rbxb ˆeaZv| hw` ZvB nq, Zvn‡j Avgiv
ej‡ZB cvwi, MwYZ †Kv‡bv we‡kl ms¯‹…wZi cÖfve †_‡K gy³|
G-ai‡bi MvwYwZK mZ¨¸‡jv-†h wek¦Rbxb, Zv‡Z †Kv‡bv m‡›`n bvB|
mnRvZ weg~Z©Zv Avi ÔmvaviYÕ ˆewk‡ó¨i Kvi‡YB G¸‡jv me©Î ˆea|
GKUv wÎfzR Gu‡K Zvi wZb †Kv‡Yi cwigvc wb‡q †hvM Ki‡j
memgqB cÖvq 1800 n‡e Ñ Zv c„w_exi †h-¯’v‡bB †nvK-bv-†Kb| ...
KviY, Gme MvwYwZK mZ¨ ev¯Íe RM‡Zi weg~Z©vwqZ iƒc Ñ
mnRvZfv‡eB cvwicvwk¦©‡Ki wPýgy³ Avi wek¦Rbxb|

wKš‘ cÖkœ †_‡KB hvq| GB ÔwWwMÖÕ K_vUv †Kv‡Ì‡K G‡jv? †KbB-ev

†hvMdj memgq 1800? 200 ev 100 bq †Kb? wÎfzR ev wÎfz‡Ri
ˆewk‡ó¨i e¨vcv‡i Avgiv Av‡`Š g‡bv‡hvMxB-ev †Kb? Gme cÖ‡kœi
DËi Av`‡Z GKUvB: Avgv‡`i AvMÖ‡ni KviY, wKQz gvbyl wVK K‡i
w`‡q‡Q †h, GiKgB nIqv DwPZ ev n‡q _v‡K| MwYZI, Ab¨ †h-
†Kv‡bv wel‡qi g‡Zv, gvby‡liB ˆZwi| GKUv mvs¯‹…wZK BwZnv‡mi
g‡a¨B Zvi D™¢e I weKvk|

AvMÖn wb‡q b„Z‡Ë¡i cy¯KÍ vw` NvU‡j †h-†KDB †Ui cv‡eb, AvR
c„w_exi AwaKvsk ¯‹zj-QvÎQvÎx †h-MwYZ wkL‡Q, Zv-B c„w_ex‡Z
Aw¯ÍZ¡evb GKgvÎ MwYZ bq| Avgiv GLb Rvwb, c„w_ex‡Z wewfbœ
Nivbvi AmsL¨ MYbv-c×wZ we`¨gvb| wjb cvcyqv wbDwMwbi cÖvq Qqk
iK‡gi MvwYwZK c×wZ bw_fz³ K‡i‡Qb, [mv‡o mvZkiI †ewk fvlv
Rvwi Av‡Q †mLv‡b] †h¸‡jv‡Z eû wewPÎ ai‡bi msL¨vPµ †`Lv hvq|
GB msL¨vP‡µi me¸‡jv `k-wbf©i bq| A½ywj-MYbvi g‡Zv kixi-
MYbviI `„óvšÍ cvIqv hvq, †hLv‡b MYbvKvix kix‡ii †Kv‡bv Ask‡K
wPwýZ K‡i wb‡q †mB As‡ki bvg‡KB msL¨v wnmv‡e e¨envi K‡i|
wMU-†`qv-iwk wKsev †Lv`vB-Kiv KvV ev cv_‡i msL¨vi wnmve ivLv
nq; msL¨v-wb‡`©‡ki wewfbœ wjwLZ c×wZi cvkvcvwk cyuwZi gvjvI
MYbv-c×wZ wnmv‡e e¨eüZ nq| msL¨v-MYbv I wnmve ivLvi GKUv
gvÎ c×wZB we`¨gvb Ñ GB Abygvb wb‡q hviv Gme wewPÎ c×wZ
ch©‡eÿY Ki‡eb, Zv‡`i Rb¨ MYbv-c×wZi ˆewPΨ I Fw× mwZ¨B
†ek AvKl©Yxq Avi DÏxcK|

†Kej msL¨vi †ÿ‡ÎB-†h Giƒc gRvi cv_©K¨ †`Lv hvq Zv bq|

cwim‡ii K_vB aiv hvK| BDwK¬Wxq R¨vwgwZ‡Z cwim‡ii †h-aviYv,
Zv-I GKUv aviYv gvÎ Ñ GKgvÎ aviYv bq| we›`y, †iLv, Zj wKsev
Nbe¯‘i †ÿ‡Î GB R¨vwgwZ we‡klfv‡e Ôwe›`y-m¤úwK©ZÕ (Atomistic)
I e¯‘-m¤úwK©Z aviYvi Dci wbf©ikxj| wKš‘ Ab¨ ai‡bi aviYvI
Av‡Q| †hgb, bvfv‡Rv‡`i R¨vwgwZi aviYvq cwimi Dcwifv‡M wef³
bq, e¯‘-wfwËKI bq; Avi G‡Z me wKQz‡K †`Lv nq MwZkxj cÖcÂ
wnmv‡e| m¤¢eZ, Av‡iv MfxiZi e¨vcvi GB †h, †kªYxwefvR‡bi Ggb
me Kvq`v Avgiv GLb †R‡bwQ, †h¸‡jv cwðgv µ‡gv”P-
ci¤úivwfwËK (Hierarchical) aviYv †_‡K c„_K Nivbvi| j¨vwÝ IB
cvcyqv wbDwMwb‡ZB kbv³ K‡i‡Qb wfbœ ai‡bi †kªYxKiY-c×wZ,
hv‡K wZwb wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb ÔwKbviv-wfwËK-†kªYxKiYÕ (edge-
classification) bv‡g| GwU hZUv µ‡gv”P-ci¤úivwfwËK, Zvi †P‡q
A‡bK †ewk mij‰iwLK| B‡›`v-BD‡ivwc fvlv¸‡jvi wbR¯^
hyw³KvVv‡gvi Qvqvq µ‡gv”P-ci¤úivwfwËK Quv‡Pi AvIZvq weg~Z©
cwifvlvi wewfbœ ¯Íi weKwkZ n‡q‡Q| Ab¨ fvlv‡Mvôx¸‡jvi †ÿ‡Î Lye
m½Z Kvi‡YB e¨vcviUv GKBfv‡e N‡Uwb| ZvB wfbœ ai‡bi
hyw³KvVv‡gvi ga¨ w`‡q ev¯ÍeZv‡K Dcjwäi wewfbœ Kvq`v †mme
Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ LyeB myjf|

Gme `„óvšÍ MwYZ m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i †gŠwjK Abygvb Ges AvRb¥-

jvwjZ wek¦v‡m wPo aivq| exRMwYZ, R¨vwgwZ wKsev hyw³KvVv‡gvi
weKí cÖZxK-e¨e¯’vi Dcw¯’wZ m¤ú‡K© Rvbvi ci ¯^fveZB Avgv‡`i
aviYv R‡b¥, weKí MwYZI we`¨gvb| †KD Aek¨ ej‡ZB cv‡ib,
Dc‡i ewY©Z cÖgvYvw` Ôb„‡Mvôx-†Kw›`ªK MwY‡ZÕi Dcw¯’wZi Rvbvb `¨vq
gvÎ| G¸‡jvi me©Rbxb n‡q IVvi †Kv‡bv jÿ¨ †bB, wKsev G¸‡jv
g~javivi MwY‡Zi g‡Zv c×wZMZfv‡e weKwkZI nqwb| G‡Z Aek¨
Avgv‡`i cÖKí AvUKvq bv| eis m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e ejv hvq, c„w_exi
mKj ms¯‹…wZ‡ZB c„_K MvwYwZK aviYv we`¨gvb, wVK †hgb meviB
i‡q‡Q c„_K fvlv, ag©, AvPvi wKsev AvZ¥xqZvi m¤ú‡K©i wewkó
aib| MwYZ‡K me©-mvs¯‹…wZK ev¯ÍeZv AvKv‡i †`Lvi KvRwU
BwZg‡a¨B ïiæ n‡q‡Q|

GB cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z MwYZ‡K †j‡ej jvwM‡q wPwýZ Kivi †ÿ‡Î Avgv‡`i

Av‡iv A‡bK †ewk mZK© n‡Z n‡e| †Kvb MwY‡Zi K_v ejwQ, Zv
we‡kl iK‡g wb‡`©k bv-K‡i Avgiv Avi MwYZ m¤ú‡K© K_v ej‡Z
cvwi bv| MwY‡Zi †h we‡kl iƒcwU‡K Avgiv AwaKvsk gvbyl GKUv
AvšÍR©vwZK welq wnmv‡e wPwýZ K‡i _vwK, Zv Avm‡j GKwU we‡kl
mvs¯‹…wZK BwZnv‡mi Drcv`b| MZ wZb kZK a‡i GB MwYZ cwðg
BD‡ivcxq [Ôcwðg BD‡ivcxqÕ K_vwUi hw` †Kv‡bv gv‡b Av‡`Š †_‡K
_v‡K] ms¯‹…wZi Ask wnmv‡eB weKwkZ n‡q‡Q| G-Kvi‡YB Avgiv GB
†jLvi wk‡ivbv‡g Ôcwðgv MwYZÕ K_vwU e¨envi K‡iwQ| GK A‡_©,
GB AwfavwUI h_v_© bq| KviY, GB Ávb-kvLvwUi weKv‡k Ab¨
A‡bK ms¯‹…wZi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb i‡q‡Q| Avi mviv c„w_ex‡ZB GB
MwY‡Zi wecyj-msL¨K mwµq MwYZwe` Av‡Qb, hviv cwðgv ms¯‹…wZi
M‡elK wnmv‡e cwðgv ms¯‹…wZi Ask-we‡k‡li DbœwZK‡í KvR
Ki‡Qb Ñ GiKg gšÍ‡e¨ AvcwË Rvbv‡eb| e¯‘Z, AwaKZi cÖgvYvw`
nv‡Z Avmvi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z AvR †Lv` cwðgv MwY‡Zi BwZnvmB
cybwj©wLZ n‡”Q| wKš‘ KvRwU ïiæ n‡q‡Q A‡bK †`wi‡Z| hvB †nvK,
Avgvi g‡Z, Ôcwðgv MwYZÕ AwfavwU cy‡ivcywi h_v_©; KviY, cwðgv
ms¯‹…wZ Ñ Av‡iv we‡klfv‡e ej‡j cwðg BD‡ivcxq ms¯‹…wZB
mvgªvR¨ev`x jÿ¨ nvwm‡j g~j f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q|

Dcwb‡ewkZ †`k¸‡jvq mvs¯‹…wZK AvMÖvm‡bi RwUj cÖwµqvq cwðgv

MwYZ AšÍZ wZbwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †ÿ‡Î kw³kvjx AbyNU‡Ki KvR K‡i‡Q|
†ÿθ‡jv nj: e¨emv-evwYR¨, cÖkvmbhš¿ Avi wkÿv| e¨emv-
evwY‡R¨i m‡½ Lye ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB cwigvc, GKK, msL¨v, gy`ªv
BZ¨vw`mn Av‡iv K‡qKwU R¨vwgwZK aviYv RwoZ| Mfxifv‡e
we‡ePbv Ki‡j Avgiv eyS‡Z cvie, ˆ`N©¨, AvqZb, cwigvc, IRb,
mgq I A_©-msµvšÍ cwðgv aviYv¸‡jv ¯’vbxq mgv‡R Av‡ivwcZ
n‡q‡Q Ges Mfxifv‡e AbycÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i ga¨ w`‡qB|
...

Gici Avmv hvK cÖkvmbh‡š¿i K_vq| cÖkvmbhš¿ I miKvi-e¨e¯’v

nj wØZxq †ÿÎ, †h-c‡_ cwðgv MwYZ Ab¨ ms¯‹…wZi G‡Kev‡i Mfx‡i
wM‡q †cuŠ‡Q‡Q| we‡klZ, wecyj gvbyl I c‡Y¨i ZË¡Zvjv‡ki Rb¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨v Ges MYbvc×wZB AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î cwðgv
msL¨vwfwËK c×wZ‡K Avewk¨K K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| ...

Avgiv Gevi wkÿvi K_v ej‡ev| wkÿv nj Avgv‡`i Kw_Z mvs¯‹…wZK

AvMÖvm‡bi Z…Zxq Ges me‡P‡q eo gva¨g| cwðgv MwY‡Zi aviYv
Ges †mB m‡½ cwðgv ms¯‹…wZi we¯Ív‡i wkÿv cvjb K‡i‡Q GK RwUj
I my`~icÖmvix f~wgKv| ... BD‡iv‡ci g‡Zv Dcwb‡ewkZ †`k¸‡jv‡ZI
MwY‡Zi cvVµg wQj weg~Z©, AcÖvmw½K, Lye wbe©vwPZ Avi AvwfRvZ¨-
KÈwKZ| ÔK¨vgweªR IfviwmR mvwU©wd‡K‡UÕi g‡Zv msMVb Øviv
cwiPvwjZ GB cvVµg wQj cwð‡gi AwZ D”P mvs¯‹…wZK gwngvi
Mwigvq D×Z| ¯’vbxq‡`i wbR ms¯‹…wZ fywj‡q w`‡Z cwðgv `ywbqv
MÖnY K‡iwQj D‡Ïk¨cÖ‡Yvw`Z bvbv †KŠkj| MwYZ‡K wek¦m¤úª`v‡qi
Kv‡Q Ôcwð‡gi me‡P‡q fv‡jvÕ-i bwRi wnmv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv GB
†KŠk‡jiB Kvh©Ki Ask| Gi d‡j ¯’vbxq MvwYwZK c×wZ I ms¯‹…wZi
Zzjbvq cwðg-†h wbwðZfv‡eB †kÖô, Zv ¯’vbxq‡`i eywS‡q w`‡Z Avi
†eM †c‡Z nqwb| wek¦we`¨vjq-Mg‡bi cÖ¯‘wZc‡e© GB cy‡iv cÖwµqvwU
NUZ e‡j wkÿv_©x‡`i g‡b Lye ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB ˆZwi nZ cwðgv
wek¦we`¨vj‡q hvIqvi Zxeª AvKv•ÿv| Zviv †hZ, wkLZ Ñ wb‡Ri
mgvR I ms¯‹…wZi evB‡iB m¤úbœ nZ Zv‡`i wkÿv| ...

†Kv‡bv iKg wØav QvovB ej‡Z cvwi, e¨emv-evwYR¨, cÖkvmbhš¿ Avi

wkÿvi ga¨ w`‡q cwðgv MwY‡Zi cÖZxK-e¨e¯’v I KvVv‡gv ¯’vbxq
ms¯‹…wZ‡Z Mfxifv‡e Av‡ivwcZ nZ| Bs‡iwR, divwm, Ij›`vR wKsev
BD‡ivcxq Ab¨vb¨ fvlvi cÖZxKe¨e¯’v I KvVv‡gv †hfv‡e mswkøó
Dcwb‡ewkZ †`k¸‡jvi Mfx‡i Zvrch©c~Y©fv‡e cÖweó n‡qwQj, MwY‡Zi
†ÿ‡Î e¨vcviUv †gv‡UB Zvi‡P‡q Kg Zvrch©c~Y© bq|

Aek¨ fvlvi g‡ZvB MwY‡Zi †ÿ‡ÎI e¨eüZ cÖZxK-e¨e¯’vi Av‡ivcY

A‡cÿvK…Z Kg Zvrch©c~Y©| mvs¯‹…wZK AvMÖvm‡bi wePv‡i A‡bK †ewk
¸iæZ¡c~Y© nj GB cÖZxK-e¨e¯’v-evwnZ g~j¨‡eva| ejv evûj¨,
Avgv‡`i mbvZb Áv‡b Avgiv RvbZvg, MwYZ g~j¨‡eva-wbi‡cÿ| †h-
e¯‘ wek¦Rbxb Ges mvs¯‹…wZK-Abyl½-gy³, Zv Kxfv‡eB-ev Avi
g~j¨‡ev‡ai evnK n‡e? G-wel‡q Avgv‡`i Rvbv‡kvbv AvRKvj wKQzUv
†cv³ n‡q‡Q| Avi HwZnvwmK, b„ZvwË¡K I AvšÍtmvs¯‹…wZK MÖš’vw`i
eiv‡Z Avgiv eyS‡Z wk‡LwQ, cwðg BD‡ivcxq MwY‡Zi m‡½ AšÍZ
Pvi cÖ¯Í g~j¨‡eva RwoZ, †`kxq ms¯‹…wZi Dci hv‡`i cÖfve AwZ
Mfxi|

cÖ_‡gB hyw³evw`Zvi K_v ejv hvK, hv wKbv cwðgv MwY‡Zi G‡Kev‡i

KwjRvi g‡Zv| †Kvb g~j¨gvb ev ¸‡Y MwYZ cwðgv ms¯‹…wZi g‡a¨
GZUv kw³gvb I KZ…©Z¡kxj n‡q DVj Zv hw` Kv‡iv A‡š^l‡Yi welq
nq, Zvn‡j †m DËi cv‡e: hyw³evw`Zv| K¬vBb †hgb wjL‡Qb: Ôh_v_©
g~j¨vq‡b MwYZ GK †cÖiYvi bvg Ñ hyw&³kxjZvi †cÖiYv| MwY‡Zi GB
†cÖiYvB gvbyl‡K cÖwZØw›ØZvq D‡¯‹ `¨vq, DÏxß K‡i, kw³ †RvMvq,
Avi Zvi gb‡K c~Y©Zvi w`‡K PvwjZ K‡iÕ|

wØZxq `dvq cwðgv MwY‡Zi m‡½ jMœ GK¸”Q cwic~iK g~j¨gv‡bi

K_v eje, hvi bvg w`‡Z cvwi Ôe¯‘wbôZvÕ| RMZ‡K Dcjwä Kivi
G-GK `„wófw½; Ggbfv‡e †`Lv †hb-ev e¯‘mKj ci¯úi
AmsjMœfv‡e we`¨gvb, Avi e¯‘mg~n‡K ¯’vbvšÍwiZ K‡i ev weg~Z© K‡i
`¨vLv m¤¢e, †hb-ev Zviv Zv‡`i cÖwZ‡ek-cwiw¯’wZi m‡½ Avewk¨K
m¤ú‡K© m¤úwK©Z bq| mvaviYxKi‡Yi D‡Ï‡k e¯‘‡K cÖwZ‡ek-
ciw¯’wZ †_‡K Avjv`v K‡i `¨vLv, ejv hvq, cwðgv MwYZ I weÁv‡bi
cÖvY| wKš‘ Kv‡iv ms¯‹…wZ hw` Zv‡K GB †ev‡a DØy× K‡i †h, cÖ‡Z¨K
e¯‘ cwicvk¦©¯’ Ab¨ e¯‘mK‡ji m‡½ Avewk¨K-m¤úK©m‡gZB
Aw¯ÍZ¡evb, Zvn‡j cÖwZ‡ek-cwiw¯’wZ †_‡K wehy³ e¯‘ Zvi Kv‡Q
AvÿwiKfv‡eB A_©nxb e‡j cÖZxqgvb n‡e| cÖv_wgK hy‡Mi wMÖK
mf¨ZvqI mËvi †gŠj ˆewkó¨ Ôe¯‘‡ZÕ bvwK ÔcÖwµqvqÕ Ñ Zv wb‡q
cÖej weZK© wQj| 600 †_‡K 500 wLª÷c~e©v‡ãi g‡a¨ wnivwK¬Uvm
†`wL‡qwQ‡jb, wbišÍi cwieZ©b-ci¤úivi g‡a¨B ev¯ÍeZv‡K cvIqv
hv‡e Ñ me©`v MwZkxj Avi cwieZ©bkxj Ae¯’vi g‡a¨| †W‡gvwµUvm
Avi wc_v‡Mvivm Nivbvi `vk©wbKivB ÔcigvYyev`xÕ wek¦`„wó cÖPvi
K‡ib; NUbvµ‡g cwðgv MwYZ I weÁv‡b GB wek¦`„wóB M„nxZ Avi
weewa©Z n‡q‡Q|

nU©b Ôe¯‘wbôZvÕ K_vwUi Ab¨ cvV w`‡q‡Qb| e¨vL¨v-we‡køl‡Yi †ÿ‡Î

e¨w³MZ evMwewa‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqvi Avwd«Kvb †iIqv‡Ri m‡½ Ôe¯‘wbôÕ
`„wófw½i Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb wZwb| Zuvi g‡Z, Avwd«Kvb‡`i GB cÖeYZvi
g~‡j Av‡Q HwZn¨MZfv‡e Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Rvwi _vKv we‡kl GK †eva:
e¨w³MZ Ges mvgvwRK ÔRMZÕB †Kej Avgv‡`i c‡ÿ Rvbv m¤¢e,
ˆbe©¨w³K Ôe¯‘RMZÕ bq| cwð‡gi cÖeYZv Gi wVK wecixZ| ...
Zvn‡j †`Lv hv‡”Q, hyw³evw`Zv Ges e¯‘wbôZv cwðgv MwY‡Zi
G‡Kev‡i AvZ¥vi wRwbm| G¸‡jvi e‡`Šj‡Z IB MwYZ nvwRi K‡i
GK we-gvbweK, e¯‘wbô Avi ZË¡v`k©-PvwjZ wek¦`„wó| cÖPwjZ MwYZ
wkÿvi ga¨ w`‡qB Dcwb‡ewkZ †`k¸‡jv‡Z GB `„wófw½i cÖmvi
N‡U‡Q|

Gevi eje, Z…Zxq Av‡iK¸”Q g~j¨‡ev‡ai K_v| cwðgv MwY‡Z

wµqvkxj ÿgZv I wbqš¿‡Yi m‡½ Gi †hvM| MvwYwZK aviYv¸‡jv
cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e e¨eüZ nq cÖ‡qvwMK aviYv I †KŠkj wnmv‡e, Avi
c‡ivÿfv‡e e¨eüZ nq weÁvb I cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g †fŠZ Ges mvgvwRK
cwi‡ek wbqš¿‡Yi Kv‡R| MwY‡Zi BwZnv‡mi m‡½ wgwj‡q G-Kvi‡YB
¯‹¨vd wj‡LwQ‡jb: ÔDwbk I wek kZ‡K gvby‡li g~j cÖeYZv nj †fŠZ
cwi‡e‡ki Dci µgea©gvb wbqš¿Y cÖwZôvÕ| mI`vMwi, wkí-KviLvbv,
evwYR¨ Avi cÖkvmbh‡š¿ msL¨v I gvc‡Rv‡Li bvbv †KŠk‡ji e¨envi
wbtm‡›`‡n MwY‡Zi ÿgZv I wbqš¿Y-msµvšÍ g~j¨‡eva¸‡jviB cÖmvi
NUvq| AZx‡Zi g‡Zv GL‡bv GB Ávb AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq, kw³kvjx
Avi Gi ms¯ú‡k© Avmv †ewki fvM gvby‡li Rb¨B cÖjyäKi| ...

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†jLvi Drm
Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Grifiths, Helen Tiffin KZ©„K m¤úvw`Z The
Post-colonial Studies Reader m¼j‡bi mswÿß fzw³ †_‡K
Ab~w`Z| †jLvwUi g~j Drm nj ‘Western Mathematics: The
Secret of Cultural Imperialism’, Race and Class 32(2), 1990.