Question 1.

The handle of a pressure cooker is covered with the thick plastic. Explain why.
Answer:
As we know that plastic is a bad conductor of heat due to which the heat from the cooker does not
flow to its handle and we can hold it easily.
So, this is a reason because of which the handle of a pressure cooker is covered with the thick
plastic.

Question 2.
Differentiate between two modes of transfer of heat, i.e. convection and conduction.
Answer:
Difference between convection and conduction

Conduction Convection

The mode of transfer of heat from the hotter part

The mode of transfer of heat from the hotter
material to its colder part or from a hot material to
part of a fluid to its colder parts by the
a cold material in contact with it without the
movement of liquid itself. So, this
movement of material as a whole. So, this
phenomenon is known as convection.
phenomenon is known as conduction

In all the solids, heat is transferred by the process In all the liquids and gases, heat is

of conduction transferred by the process of convection

Question 3.
While reading a clinical thermometer, what precautions should we take?
Answer:
Reading a Clinical Thermometer

There are following steps to read the temperature on a thermometer.

Step I
Firstly, wash the thermometer with an antiseptic solution and if in case, the antiseptic solution is
not available, then wash it with a clean water.
Step II
Gently, hold the thermometer tube in your hand and give it a jerk in such a way that the mercury
thread in the thermometer tube falls below the reading of 35°C.
Step III
Now, put the bulb of the thermometer under the tongue of the patient for about one minute. Then
take out the thermometer from patient’s mouth.
Step IV
In order to read the temperature, hold the thermometer horizontally in your hand and rotate it
slowly. When we see a magnified image of the mercury thread in its tube, then a position will
come. Now, read the temperature on thermometer tube in level with the top of the mercury thread.

Precautions while Reading the Thermometer

A clinical thermometer should not be used for any object other than the human body. There are
some following precautions which are to be observed while reading a clinical thermometer.

1. Wash the clinical thermometer before and after using preferably with an antiseptic
solution.
2. Be ensure that the mercury level before using the clinical thermometer should be
below 35°C.
3. The clinical thermometer should be read by keeping the level of mercury along the line
of sight.
4. While reading the clinical thermometer, it should never be held by the bulb.
5. The clinical thermometer should be carefully handled.

Question 4.
Observe the picture given in figure. Water is being boiled in a pan of wide base.

(a) Which position P or T will feel warmer?

(b) Fill up the boxes P and T to indicate the mode of flow of heat to the hand.
Answer:
(a) As in the given diagram, position P will feel warmer because of heat, air rises.
(b) The flow of heat to P is a convection process and flow of heat to T is radiation.

Question 5.
For setting curd, a small amount of curd is added to warm milk. The microbes present in the curd
help in setting if the temperature of the mixture remains approximately between 35°C to 40°C. At
places where room temperature remains much below the range, setting of curd becomes difficult.
Suggest a way to set curd in such a situation.[NCERT Exemplar; HOTS]
Answer:
For the setting of curd where temperature is below room temperature, the container in which curd
is to be made must be kept in a thermally insulated cover or it can be wrapped with wool or jute
sacks so that temperature is maintained for the setting of curd.

Question 6.
State the limitation of clinical thermometer.
Answer:
The clinical thermometer cannot be used for measuring the temperature of any object more than
42°C (i.e. more than the body temperature). If it kept in the sun or near a flame, then this clinical
thermometer can be break.
Question 7.
Explain in brief, why we wear dark coloured clothes in winter and light coloured clothes in summer.
Answer:
We wear dark coloured clothes in winter to keep us warm as they absorb all the heat radiation
coming from the sun whereas light coloured clothes reflect most of the heat radiation coming
from the sun that falls on them and therefore we feel more comfortable wearing them in the
summer.

Question 8.
Explain the reason for the shiny reflectors of room heaters.
Answer:
Since, the shiny surface absorbs very little heat due to which the reflectors reflect all the heat
which makes the room heaters more effective. So, due to this reason, room heaters have shiny
reflectors.

Question 9.
Describe the effects of heat.
Answer:
The effects of heat are
(i) When an object is heated, then it becomes hotter and may get expand. So, in this heat may
change the state of the body like ice can also get change into the water.
(ii) Heat sometimes acts as a catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
(iii) Heat can even kill the bacteria as well.

Question 10.
The freezer is located at the top of the refrigerator. Explain why.
Answer:
The freezer is located at the top of the refrigerator. It is because the air inside and around the
compartments of freezer gets cool and move downwards and on the other side, the lesser cool air
moves upward to get cooled.
So, as a result of this, convection of heat are setup in the air and the tower section of the .
refrigerator also gets cooled faster. .

Question 11.
Instead of water explain the reason, why do the mercury is used in the thermometer?
Answer:
Due to following reasons, mercury is used in the thermometers instead of water

1. When the thermometer breaks, the mercury can be easily collected.

2. Mercury can has more expansion than the water.
3. Also, mercury do not stick on the walls of thermometer like water.

Question 12.
Explain the reason for the general fitting of air conditioner at higher level on the wall of the room.
Answer:
As a fact that warm air is much lighter than the cold air, so being heavier the cold air from air
conditioner moves downwards while the hot air moves upwards at the lower level and gets cooled
and come downwards once again. So, due to this convection of heat are set in the air and room
gets warmer faster.
Question 13.
Briefly explain, why do the kites and eagles fly without flapping their wings.
Answer:
As it is a fact that the hot air during the day time surrounds the land gradually and rises up, due to
which a convection air of heat develops. So, kites and eagles start moving along this rising current
of heat without flapping the wings to fly high up in the sky.

Question 14.
In the arrangements A and B as shown in figure, pins P and Q are fixed to a metal loop and an iron
rod with the help of wax. In which case are both the pins likely to fall at different times? Explain.

Answer:
As in the given figures A and B, in case A P and Q got equal heat, so pin fix at P and Q in case of a
fall simultaneously.
But in case of B pin at point P falls first than after pin at Q will fall as because heat received at P is
greater than Q at the same time.

Question 15.
At a camp site there are tents of two shades. One made with black fabric and the other with white
fabric. Which one will you prefer for resting on a hot summer afternoon? Give reason for your
choice. Would you like to prefer the same tent during winter? [HOTS]
Answer:
We will prefer white fabric tent in case of summer because it reflects all the radiations from the
sun and keeps us cool inside the tent.
But in ease of winter, we should not use white fabric tent, we should use black fabric tent as it
absorbs all colours of light from the sun and keeps us warm inside the tent.

Question 16.
Briefly explain the maximum and minimum thermometers.
Answer:
Maximum and minimum thermometers are the special thermometers which automatically record
the maximum and minimum temperature of the day. The maximum and minimum temperature of
the last day reported in weather reports in TV and newspapers are measured by the maximum and
minimum thermometers.

Question 17.
Explain the reason for serving of tea in China clay cup and plates.
Answer:
Tea is generally served in China clay cup and plates because China clay is a bad conductor of heat
which do not allow the heat to pass through it and hence keep the tea hot.

Question 18.
Describe briefly about the direction of the convection current during ventilation.
Answer:
Since, with the help of ventilators, warm air being higher get rises up and leaves the room. Even
the fresh air enters the room from outside through the doors and windows.

Question 19.
Explain the reason for wrapping of ice in gunny bags.
Answer:
Since, we know that gunny bags consist of number of fine pores which are filled with air. As air is
a bad conductor of heat, so due to this reason, it does not allow the external heat to move inside
and melts the ice.

Question 20.
Mention any two examples each of insulators as well as of conductors.
Answer:
Copper and aluminium are the examples of conductors which allow the heat to pass through
them. While wood and plastic are the examples of insulators which do not allow the heat to pass
through them.

Question 21.
The clinical thermometer is not used to measure high temperature. Why?
Answer:
Clinical thermometer has the range 35°C to 42°C. If we use it to measure high temperature, it may
break and mercury present in the clinical thermometer is harmful. So, we cannot use clinical
thermometer to measure high temperature.

Heat Class 7 Science Extra Questions Long Answer Type

Question 1.
Explain the differences between heat and temperature.
Answer:
The differences between heat and temperature are given as below

Heat Temperature

It is the thermal condition of a body that

It is a form of energy which flows from one body
indicates whether or not and in which
to another when there is a difference in
direction, heat will flow from one body to the
temperature between the objects.
other.
 It is equal to the sum of internal energies of the It is proportional to average kinetic energy of

molecules of a body. the molecules of the body.

As a conclusion of exchange of heat between

As a heat between two bodies, total amount of
two bodies, sum of their temperatures before
heat of two bodies remains unchanged.
and after exchange is not same.

SI unit of heat is joule (J). SI unit of temperature is kelvin (K).

Question 2.
Explain the reason for the following statement, “When heat is applied at the bottom of the water
vessel, then
it gets heated more quickly than when it is heated at the top.” [HOTS]
Answer:
The particles of water become more lighter and rise up in the middle. Due to this, the cold particles
of water which are heavier come down along the sides of the vessel. So, the convection currents
of heat are setup and water becomes hot. The moment, when the heat is applied at the top, then
the water present in the upper portion becomes hot and these hot water molecules get fixed over
the surface. Since, water is a bad conductor of heat, due to which water present at the lower end
(or bottom) of the vessel remains.

Question 3.
Prove with the help of an experiment that heat radiation can travel through vacuum.
Answer:
First of all, take a flat bottom flask and fix a rubber stopper having two holes in the mouth of the
flask. Shift a thermometer through one hole and a glass tube with stopper through the other hole.
Now, with the help of a vacuum pump, remove the air from the flask and try to record the
temperature from the thermometer. Put a flask in the bright sunlight and we will observe that the
thermometer records a rise in temperature. So, on this basis, we can say that this experiment
proves that the heat radiation can travel through vacuum.

Question 4.
On last Monday, Pankaj was dealing immense cough and cold. Besides this, he was suffering from
a great headache. So, he decided to take a leave on that day so that he could take some rest at his
home. After one hour he thought to check his fever through a clinical thermometer, so before
using it, he washed it and started shaking it very fastly in his hand, so that the mercury level of
thermometer gets reduced. At the same time, his elder brother Vishwas scold him and suggested
him to shake the thermometer slowly.
(a) State some precautionary measures while checking the fever through a clinical thermometer.
(b) Mention the values showed by the elder brother of Pankaj (i.e. Vishwas). [Value Based
Question]
Answer:
(a) The following precautionary measures while checking the fever through a clinical thermometer
are
(i) While reading the clinical thermometer, it should never be held by the bulb.
(ii) The clinical thermometer should be washed properly (before and after use).
(b) The values showed by the elder brother of Pankaj, Vishwas, are concern towards the way of
using the clinical thermometer and the importance of money as well.

Question 5.
Last Sunday, Pooja on her week off entered in her kitchen to cook rice for her family in lunch time.
The moment she put fry pan on the gas stove and lighted it through the matchstick, all of sudden
her 5 years small daughter entered into the kitchen and tends to touch the hot fry pan. At the same
time, Pooja saw her and pushed her away from the hot fry pan. In this way, she saved her child.
(a) Explain why do the fry pan are provided with the plastic handles?
(b) Mention the values represented by Pooja here towards her 5 years small daughter. [Value
Based Question]
Answer:
(a) As we know that plastic is a bad conductor of heat which does not allow the heat to pass
through itself. So, heat from the fry pan does not flow to the handle due to which we can hold it
easily. So that’s why, the fry pans are provided with the plastic handles.
(b) The value showed by Pooja here is a great concern and careness towards her five years old
small daughter.

Question 6.
Describe in detail about the occurrence of oceanic currents.
Answer:
Since, it is a fact that the water present in the ocean (near the equator) is heated by the sun to a
very higher temperature than the water near the poles of the earth. It is due to the falling of the sun
rays perpendicularly in the equatorial region. So, in the equatorial region, the ocean water expands
and becomes lighter.

While on the other side, the water in the polar region remains cold and heavy. It leads to the flow
of convection currents of heat of warm water from the equator towards the poles.

Heat of the cold water flow from the poles towards the equator just below the surface of ocean.
So, these types of currents are known as oceanic currents.