Lecture 1: Kinematics and Dynamics

I/ Fill in the blank using the given words. Each word is used once.

(speed, acceleration, gradient, free falling, vector, trajectory, co-planar, magnitude, velocity,
uniform, slope, parabola, displacement, direction, resistance, scalar)

1/ ..(1).....................are quantities that have magnitude only.

2/.. (2)………………are quantities that have magnitude as well as direction.
3/ ..(3)......................vectors are vectors that lie in the same plane.
4/ Distance is the length of the path taken while ..(4).....................is the straight-line distance and the
direction from a fixed point.. Distance is a scalar quantity and ..(4)..............is a vector quantity.
5/ (5)………….. is the distance traveled per unit time. Its SI unit is meter per second(ms^{-1}).
6/ ...(6)................................. is the rate of change of displacement. .
7/ ...(7)......................………is the rate of the change of velocity. Its magnitude is given by the ……..
(8)...............or ..(9)............................ of a (v-t) graph.
8/ Consider a body moving with …(10)……….…….or constant acceleration in a straight-line.
10/ ...(11).............................… refers to motion under the influence of a uniform gravitational field
without air resistance.
11/ ..(12)............................refers to the resistive force acting on a body moving through air. Its .
(13).................. is always opposite to the direction of motion. Its .(14)... .......depends on the speed and
cross-section area of the body, and the density of the air.
12/ The path or the ...(15)............................ of a body, due to uniform velocity in one direction and a
uniform acceleration in a perpendicular direction, is a curve called ...(16)..........................

Newton's Laws of Motion

1/ Law1: A body remains ..(17).......…. or continue to move in a straight-line with a uniform ....
(18)............. unless a net force acts on it.
2/ Law2: The rate of change of momentum of a body is proportional to the … (19)………. producing it
and takes place in the ..(20)........................of this net force.
3/ Law3 : The forces of ..(21)..... .............and ..(22).......................... between interacting bodies are
equal in...(23)..............., opposite in ....(24)........................... and act on different bodies.
4/ .(25).........……...is the resistance to acceleration upon the application of a force. The ....(26)..............
of a body is a measure of its ..(25)...................... Its SI unit is the kilogram.(kg)
5/ ...(27)...................…….is the effect of a gravitational field on a mass.
6/ The ..(28).......................... of a body is defined as the product of its mass and its velocity.
7/ …(29)………... …...is the rate of change of momentum.
(momentum, velocity, magnitude, force, direction, weight, action, direction, net force, mass, at
rest, inertia, linear momentum, reaction)

II/ Complete the following text with the words in the brackets
States of matter
The three common states of matter are solid, liquid and gas. A solid maintains a fixed shape and
a fixed size; even if a large force is . (1).........to a solid, it does not readily change in shape or
(2)...................
A liquid does not maintain a fixed shape, it takes on the shape of its container, but like a solid,
it is not readily (3).................... and its volume can be changed significantly only by a very
large (4).......................
A gas has neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume, it will expand to fill its container. For
example, when air is pumped into an automobile tire, the air does not run to the (5).................
as a liquid would; it (6)........................... out to fill the whole volume of the tire.
Since liquids and gases do not (7).................. in a fixed shape, they both have the ability to
(8)........................: they are thus often referred to collectively as fluids.
The (9)............................ of matter into three states is not always simple. How, for example,
should butter be classified? Furthermore, a fourth state of matter can be distinguished, the
(10)........................... state, which occurs only at very high temperatures and consists of
(11)....................... atoms. Some scientists believe that the so-called colloids should also be
considered a separate state of matter.
(ionized, fixed, maintain, plasma, compressible, flow, force, spread, applied, volume,
division, bottom)

III/ Reading the text below

1/ Translate into Vietnamese
2/ Spell the words pronounced as follows

IV/ Grammar in use

A/ A relative clause is also known as an adjective clause. It is a subordinate clause with the
function of modifying a noun/ noun phrase or a pronoun. ( p.8-13- Ho Huyen Vol.1 for
detail)

For persons For both For non-persons

Subject Who That Which
Object Whom/Who That Which
Possessive Whose Whose Whose/ of which

Note: A relative pronoun replacing an objective noun can be omitted.

* Practice: Combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one sentence with a proper
relative pronoun.
1. Galileo Galilei was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer and philosopher. He
played a major role in the scientific revolution.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Nicolause Copernicus proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system. This model was
later modified by Johannes Kepler into the description of planetary motions that is still
accepted today.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. Paul Dirac wrote down an equation. This equation combined quantum theory and special
relativity to describe the behavior of the electron.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Minkowski became the first person to develop a fully-functional and highly advance
mathematical foundation. The special theory of relativity could be based on this foundation.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Lagrange points are orbital “pockets”. The object in these pockets enjoy a balance between
the gravity of the Earth and the gravity of another celestial body, such as the sun or the moon.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. The edition of the world science magazine this month is very interesting. Its cover is the
picture of a virtual nuclear reactor.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. If space and imaginary time are indeed like the surface of the Earth, there wouldn't be any
singularities in the imaginary time direction. The laws of physics would break down at the
singularities.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

B/ Relative clauses with relative adverbs (Ho Huyen Vol. 1 page 39-42)