Analytic Geometry

CIRCLE
A circle is a simple shape of Euclidean geometry that
is the set of all points in a plane that are a given
distance from a given point, the centre. The distance
between any of the points and the centre is called
the radius. It can also be defined as the locus of a
point equidistant from a fixed point.

:÷÷¥
÷
'
.

'
-

÷
< <
-

"
-

: :

disc
 D= FÉyiÑ
EQUATION OF CIRCLE
r -
-

EFE
r =
Fat
-
Z
+y = r

r Equation of a
①
whose center is
at the origin
(0,0)
EQUATION OF CIRCLE
EQUATION OF CIRCLE
EQUATION OF CIRCLE
r=E⇐
④
Z
r'= ④ )
2-
- h +

C Chik)

A (h, k)

B ( x, y)
Graph the following circle.
.µ÷
r"
'
2
✗ + y
'
= r 't

- Lr=a]

r2
☒ -

b) 2 t
g -
)2=
k
C 57
C ( 2
,
-
5)
y
- -

✓ r= 3

-
'

✗2-4×+4 + y -

691-9=-8
+ 13

'
1×-271-4-332=5
( ( 2,37 r=F
Graph the following circle.
 PARABOLA
Locus of points such that the distance from a point to
the focus is equal to the distance from the same point
and the directrix. =
d. dz

FEET FEE --

( is) ✗
jF+Éz=☒i
d,

dz ×2+yY_zcy|¢=y/t2cytÉ
✗2=4 Cy
•

(×
,
-
c) ×2=4ay ✓

"

✗ =
-

yay n
 PARTS OF PARABOLA
Vertex sharpest turn point of the parabola. (represented
by V)
Focus a point which is used to determine or define the
parabola. (represented by F)
Latus Rectum a line passing through the
focus, perpendicular to the axis of symmetry, and it has
two endpoints.
Directrix a line perpendicular to axis of symmetry
(represented by D)
Axis of symmetry a line that divides the parabola in
half
Eccentricity the eccentricity of the parabola is always
equal to one. (represented by e)
PARTS OF PARABOLA

I.→
 GRAPHS OF PARABOLA
The graph of parabola if the vertex is at the
origin, and opens to the right, d. =dz

pcx.is/F-F+J--Fx-aF# 2
G- a) Zty2= @+ a)
C- a ,Y)•÷o• ☒ za×+aY+y2=2t2a×taY

/
-

di y2=4aX ②
( ao) E-
•-••q-p•
aaa
-

F ?
y
-

4a✗

>

✗= -
a
The graph of parabola if the vertex is at the
origin, and opens to the left,
The graph of parabola if the vertex is at the
origin, and opens upward,
The graph of parabola if the vertex is at the
origin, and opens downward,
The graph of parabola if the vertex is at (h, k) , and
opens to the right,
The graph of parabola if the vertex is at (h, k)
, and opens to the left,
The graph of parabola if the vertex is at (h, k) ,
and opens upward,
The graph of parabola if the vertex is at (h, k) , and
opens downward,
EQUATIONS OF PARABOLA
 FORMULAS
ENDS OF LENGTH EQUATION
VERTEX AT
FOCUS DIRECTRIX LATUS OF LATUS OF
(0, 0 ) PARABOLA
RECTUM RECTUM

RIGHT

LEFT

UPWARD

DOWNWARD
 FORMULAS
ENDS OF LENGTH
VERTEX OFLATU
FOCUS DIRECTRIX LATUS S
EQUATION OF PARABOLA
AT (h, k)
RECTUM RECTUM

RIGHT

LEFT

UPWARD

DOWNWARD
Sample Problem

⑦ d- 5) 2=41×+1) 4a=4
h)
(y K)Z=4a(✗ -
-

E)
Tiflis ) (0,5)
II
F ( 0,5)
① -

of the Coit 1/93

Endpoints
LR
I length'VE

;÷i÷÷¥E
0 LR : 4
'

,
Directrix :×= -
z

✗= -
2
Sample Problem
 ELLIPSE
An ellipse is defined by two points, each called a
focus. If you take any point on the ellipse, the sum of
the distances to the focus points is constant.
a 2=62+0 -2g

✓i
F#=z V2
 PARTS OF AN ELLIPSE
Vertices the points at which an ellipse makes its
sharpest turns and lies on the major axis, also end of
major axis
Co-vertices ends of minor axis
Focus/foci point/s that define the ellipse and lies on
the major axis
Major axis the longest diameter of the ellipse
Minor axis the shortest diameter of the ellipse
 EQUATIONS OF ELLIPSE

x2 y2
+
g- -4=1

€-b
9=3 6=2

[ = a
2- b2 c( 0,0)
vertices : (3,0791-3,0)
c. = TFF Foci :
Crs,o){ C- v5.0)
Fs Length of the minor
c-
(o ,z)
axis : 4
d- 55,0) ( Fsu)
• 10,416 2),
-

(3,0)
¢-3,0) (01-2)
Length of the
mair axis : 6
EQUATIONS OF ELLIPSE

a) ¥ +
Ig =/

b) +14--1
EQUATIONS OF ELLIPSE
EQUATIONS OF ELLIPSE
 FORMULAS
(if center is at the origin and major axis at x-
axis)
Vertices Co-vertices
(a, 0) (-a, 0) (0, b) (0, -b)

Foci Length of LR

Length of major and minor axis

(c, 0) (-c, 0)
2a (major) 2b (minor)

Ends of Latera recta

Sample Problem
 '

yf f) v2
2

4- 4) t - =

1<2 r 2--0
2- 2h ✗ tha
2kg
'
✗ + y - t -

'
2
1- y2 zhx zky + hit K2 -

r
_-
0
✗
-
-

where c = -
zh

D=
-
2k

E = h
'
+k
? r2

✗
tuft 2
CX t Dy t F = 0 General Form of
of
the Equation a

①
✗
2
+ yZ = r2 C ( 0,0)
☒ 4) Cy ) Chik)
-
K r2
2
-
+ -
= C
④ @ 1- 5)
" '
-

2) t =
9

C ( 2
,
-

5) ,
r= 3

<""
•
-
-
2

-
-3

-
-4
-

6
-
-

=
-
8
-
-9
-
-
10
C ( 2,37

r= 55 =
2.24

( 2,3 )
i
1=55

(2+55,3)
(2-55,3)

4,3)
V (2,3+55)
( 2,3 F) -
 2 '

1) ✗ +y ✗ y 2=0
-
-
-

CCE 's) ,
r =

¥
2) Find the equation of the
① whose center is at

C- 2. 1) and whose radius

is 5 .

Express your answer

in the general form

✗
2
t YZ +4×-29=0

4- h) 't 4-142-+2
④ C- )) (y 1) 2=52
'
-
2 + -

⇐ +D2 + G- 1) 2=25
✗2+4×1-4 + YZ - zytl -25=0
2 '
✗ 1- y +4×-29 -
20=0
✗2+92 -
✗ -

y - 2=0

✗2- ✗ + I, + yZ y t
'-y= 2+1-4 ty
- +

E)
2
( ✗
G- 1)
'
+
-

÷
=

CCE ,
:) r=f÷
r=¥
 | { / |
Eq E- " ay :-< ¥ ""
Vertex " "
× lay
( 0,0) Gio )
y_a×
"
( 0,0)
Opening
upward downward right left
go ,a, ga ,o, ga ,
go ,a, ,
,

Focus
Directrix y= -
a f- a ✗ = -
a ✗ = a

latus 1491
Rectum

1) Find the focus vertex and , equation of the

directrix of a
parabola whose equation
is a) 5=12-1 .
b) ✗ 2=-49
vertical
y2= 4a✗ "

Any

:i÷÷;÷÷
49=12 Endpoints of the ,
has theeqn
I 42=144 ; i.ie
•
,
x=k .

=/ 41311 I
Any horizontal
( 0,0) .

= " line has the

f- ( 310) 1

eqn Y=K
i

✓ Eqn d- the directrix : ✗ =-3

:
✗ =-3
 i÷÷=ii i±
✓
= -

4y V( 0,0)
FCO 1) ✓
'
=
yay
-

✗
-

Directrix : horizontal (9--1)

a= -

LR=/ 4aI
42=1-41
"
 ✗2--1=4 ay yZ=±4a✗

= nu JC
v10.07
-15--1=44×-4)

=±4a(y_k)µ
'
4- b)

> c
-
nv
vchek)

✗2-49+8--0

* =

⇐ )2=4(y 2)
-
o
49=8
(x-D
✓
-
=±4a(y
: opening
-

)
K
;j=G!
T.it) Vertex
-

:
K)
4- h)2=4a( y
-

µ ,, :* ,
✓ ( 0,2) ¥a=4 4 : length of Directrix :

LR
1a y=1
(-2,3/112,3) :
Endpoints of LR