OB Unit-5

1) The model is effective at describing decision-making within temporary groups, particularly

those with deadlines.
A) punctuated-equilibrium
B) authority structure
C) formal regulation
D) performance evaluation
Answer A

2) groups are defined by the organization's structure.

A) Informal
B) Formal
C) Friendship
D) Interest
Answer B

3) refers to the attitudes and behaviors that are consistent with a role.
A)Role perception
B) Role identity
C) Role expectations
D) Role conflict
Answer B

4) Which is NOT a common class of norms appearing in most work groups?

A) Performance norms
B) Appearance
C) Termination
D) Arrangement
Answer C

5) What is the relationship between size and group performance?

A) The larger the group, the greater the individual productivity.
B) Increases in group size are inversely related to individual performance.
C) Total productivity tends to decline in large groups.
D) Group size is not a determinant of individual productivity.
Answer B

6) Which of the following is a strategy to increase group cohesiveness?

A) Make the group smaller.
B) Encourage agreement with group goals.
C) Decrease the perceived difficulty of attaining membership in the group.
D) Both A and B are correct.
Answer D
7) Which is NOT a weakness of group decision-making?
A) Group decisions are time-consuming.
B) Groups offer increased diversity of views.
C) Group members suffer from ambiguous responsibilities.
D)Groups can be dominated by one or a few members.
Answer B

8) ______ is an attribute of work teams which results in a level of performance that is greater
than the sum of the individual inputs.
A)Synergy
B)Enthusiasm
C) Energy
D) Initiative
Answer A

9) Which of the following skills is required for an effective team?

A) Problem-solving skills
B) Technical expertise
C) Interpersonal skills
D) All of the above
Answer D

10) Which of the following statements is true concerning the climate of trust?
A) Interpersonal trust among team members inhibits cooperation.
B) Interpersonal trust among team members reduces the need to monitor each others
behavior.
C) Interpersonal trust at team members bonds members at the belief that others will take
advice of them if given the opportunity.
D) Interpersonal trust at team members increases members' aversion to risk.
Answer B

11) Free rein leadership is also known as

a. Democratic c. Laissez-faire
b. Autocratic d. Bureaucratic
Answer C

12) -----------leadership emphasize on rules and regulation in an organization

a. Democratic c. Laissez-faire
b. Autocratic d. Bureaucratic
Answer D

13) Believes, attitudes, traditions and expectations which are shared by group members is called
a. Group norms c. Group cohesiveness
 b. Group communication d. Group structure
Answer A

14) ---------------is the ability of influencing people to strive willingly for mutual objectives
a. Motivation c. Leadership
b. Control d. Supervision
Answer C

15) In --------------leadership, there is a complete centralization of authority in the leader

a. Democratic c. Free rein
b. Autocratic d. Bureaucratic
Answer B

16) In---------- in fact “No leadership at all”

a. Democratic c. Free rein

b. Autocratic d. Bureaucratic
Answer C

17) Basis of “Autocratic Model of OB is

a. Economic resources c. Leadership
b. Power d. Partnership
Answer B

18) Which of the following leadership behaviours are identified by the path-goal theory?
a.Supportive, employee-oriented, laissez-faire and participative
b.Achievement-oriented, supportive, humanistic, and directive
c.Participative, achievement-oriented, directive, and supportive
d.Directive, participative, supportive, and laissez-faire
Answer C

19) Which of the following is / are not direct method to solve intergroup conflicts
a. Problem solving c. Removing key figures in conflict
b. Domination by the management d. Persuasion
Answer D

20) “Leadership motivates the people to work and not the power of
money”, this concept is related to
a. Autocratic model
b. Custodial model
c. Supportive Model
d. Collegial Model
Answer: b
21) The ________ leadership style is an expression of the leader’s
trust in the abilities of his subordinates.
a. Participative
b. Delegative
c. Authoritarian
d. All of the above
Answer: d

22) _________ considers the age, sex, race, educational level, and length of service of team
members.
A) Diversity training
B) Cognitive dissonance
C) Cohorts
D) Organizational demographics
Answer D

23) Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) All leaders are managers.
B) All managers are not leaders.
C) The formal rights associated with management provide assurance that managers can lead
effectively.
D) Non-sanctioned leadership is not as important as formal influence.
Answer D

24) Fiedler's contingency model assumes that an individual's leadership style is______
A) changeable
B) trained
C) situational
D) fixed
Answer D

25) Hersey and Blanchard's situational leadership theory differs from other leadership theories
most clearly because it .
A) identifies specific leadership styles
B) focuses on the followers
C) makes leadership contingent on the situation
D) uses the leadership dimensions of task and relationship behaviors
Answer B

26) According to LMX theory, which of the following is NOT true of those
individual's who fall into the out-group?
A) They get less of the leader's time.
B) They have leader-follower relations based on formal authority interaction.
C) They are trusted.
D) They get fewer of the preferred rewards that the leader controls.
Answer C

27) A leadership style, identified by House in path-goal theory, leads to greater satisfaction when
tasks are ambiguous or stressful than when they are highly structured and well laid out.
A) directive
B) supportive
C) participative
D) achievement-oriented
Answer A

28) The leader-participation model was developed by .

A) Robert House
B) Fred Fiedler
C) George Graen
D) Vroom and Yetton
Answer D

29) Leadership motivates the people to work ans not the power of money. This concept is related
to _______ .
A) Autocratic model
B) custodial model
C) supportive model
D) collegial model
Answer B

30) A charismatic leader's is key to follower acceptance.

A) energy
B) vision
C) credentials
D) history with the organization
Answer B

31) A ______ leader has five essential qualities: (1) individual capability; (2) team
skills; (3) managerial competence; (4) the ability to stimulate others to high performance;
and (5) a blend of personal humility and professional will.
level-5
A) transactional
B) charismatic
C) transformational
D) Charismatic Leadership”
Answer A
32) The overall evidence indicates that transformational leadership is more strongly correlated
than transactional leadership with .
A) lower turnover rates
B) higher productivity
C) higher employee satisfaction
D) all of the above
Answer D

33) leaders know who they are, know that they believe in and value, and act on those values and
beliefs openly and candidly.
A) Transformational
B) Transactional
C) Charismatic
D) Authentic
Answer D

34) Which of the following is NOT a dimension of trust?

A) Integrity
B) Competence
C) Loyalty
D) Distance
Answer D

34) Which of the following is true concerning online leadership?

A) The digital age can never turn non-leaders into leaders.
B) Effective on-line leaders need to develop the skill of deciphering the emotional
components of messages.
C) Managers whose face-to-face leadership skills are less than satisfactory will not shine online.
D) The on-line leader has received considerable attention from organizational behavior
researchers.
Answer B

35) Which of the following is NOT a substitute for leadership?

A) Explicit formalized goals
B) Rigid rules and procedures
C) Cohesive work groups
D) Professional orientation of employees
Answer D

36) When we consider leadership in an organization, we typically refer to:

A) the person or persons who oversee the activities of others.
B) the person or persons developing specific work patterns.
C) the person or persons responsible for setting the overall vision.
D) the individual who acts solely as the figurehead for the organization.
D) the individual who deals with the political issues of organizational function.

37) Which one of the following characteristics is not part of the definition of a group?
a) interdependent
b) two or more members
c) organizationally assigned goals
d) come together to achieve particular objectives
e) Interacting
Answer C

38) The stages of group development are:

A. A) idea generation, implementation, termination.
B. idea generation, implementation, termination.
C. initiation, evolution, maturation, decline.
D. forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning.
E. initiating, storming, norming, performing, adjourning
Answer D

39) In the second stage of group development:

a) close relationships are developed.
b) the group demonstrates cohesiveness.
c) intragroup conflict often occurs.
d) the job task is performed.
e) group objectives are clearly formulated.
Answer C

40) After which stage of a group's development has the group formed a common set
of expectations of member behaviours?
A. norming
B. storming
C. forming
D. performing
E. Planning
Answer A

41) According to the punctuated-equilibrium model, all of the following are true
about groups except:
a) The first meeting sets the group's direction.
b) A transition takes place at the end of the first phase which occurs exactly when the group
has used up one third of its allotted time.
c) The first phase of group activity is one of inertia.
d) The group's last meeting is characterized by markedly accelerated activity.
e) The transition initiates major changes.
Answer B

42) The work group has a distinct set of resources determined by its membership. All
of the following are examples except:
A. intelligence of the members.
B. motivation of the members.
C. external structure.
D. internal structure defining member roles.
E. internal structure defining member norms.
Answer C

43) All of the following are conditions and situations that can significantly enhance a group's
performance except:
a) an individual's intellectual and task-relevant ability.
b) size of the group.
c) type of tasks being performed.
d) level of conflict within the group.
e) formal organizational structure.
Answer E

44) Formal leadership, roles, group norms, group status and group size are examples of:
A. structural variables.
B. role definitions.
C. status symbols.
D. perceptions of reality.
E. organizational structure.
Answer A

45) Roles performed by group members to maintain good relationships within the group are
referred to as:
a) norms.
b) task-oriented roles
c) maintenance roles.
d) individual roles.
e) role expectations.
Answer C

46) Acceptable standards of behaviour that are shared by the group's members are:
A. group norms.
B. group rules.
C. ideas.
D. opinions.
E. psychological contracts.
Answer A

47) Norms that dictate with whom group members eat lunch, friendships on and off the job, and
social games are norms dealing with:
a) appearance factors.
b) social arrangements.
c) ethical issues.
d) group activity.
e) performance factors
Answer B

48) Work groups of employees and supervisors that meet regularly to discuss their quality
problems and recommend solutions is a form of participative management called:
A. department teams.
B. cooperative groups.
C. evaluation teams.
D. quality circles.
E. goal-oriented teams.
Answer D

49) _________is detrimental to group cohesiveness.

a) Diversity
b) Education
c) Teamwork
d) Trust
e) Accountability
Answer A

50) A leader high in initiating structure would be characterized as doing which of the
following?
A. focusing on performance evaluation
B. helping subordinates with personal problems
C. treating all subordinates as equal
D. assigning group members to particular tasks
E. having concern for subordinates' status and satisfaction
Answer D

51) Leaders who emphasize interpersonal relations are described in the University of
Michigan studies as:
a) initiating consideration.
b) employee-oriented.
c) country club leaders.
d) contingency-oriented.
e) relationship-oriented.
Answer B

52) The theory that some people have specific characteristics needed to be leaders while others
do not is called:
A. behavioural.
B. contingency.
C. trait.
D. path-goal.
E. situational.
Answer C

53) If trait research had been successful, we would _________, whereas if behavioural studies
were correct, we would _________.
a) teach people certain traits; teach people certain behaviours
b) select the right person for the job; train leaders
c) change jobs to suit people; change people to suit jobs
d) hire only women; hire either men or women
e) teach people managerial principles; teach people certain behaviours
Answer B

54) If a leader's main concern is accomplishing his/her group's tasks, the University of Michigan
studies labels this leader:
A. achievement-oriented.
B. employee-oriented.
C. single-minded.
D. production-oriented.
E. goal-oriented.
Answer D

55) Which of the following is not true of a charismatic leader?

a) They have a vision and the ability to articulate the vision.
b) They are sensitive to member needs.
c) They are perceived as managers of the status quo.
d) They have behaviour that is out of the ordinary.
e) They are sensitive to the environment.
Answer C

56) The type of leaders who guide or motivate their followers in the direction of
established goals by clarifying role and task requirements are:
A. transactional leaders.
B. charismatic leaders.
C. transformational leaders.
D. employee-oriented leaders.
E. process-oriented leaders.
Answer A

57) The type of leaders who believe that they are empowering their employees by giving up their
responsibility for leading are:
a) transcendent leaders.
b) transformational leaders.
c) transactional leaders.
d) laissez-faire leaders.
e) situational leaders.
Answer D

58) Which of the following is not a characteristic of a transformational leader?

A. encourages innovative approaches to old problems
B. inspires exertion of extra effort for goal achievement
C. uses a management-by-objectives approach
D. tends to use humour strategies
E. provides opportunities for learning
ANswer C

59) Leaders of teams find themselves in a role of:

a) director.
b) coach.
c) follower.
d) high power.
e) autocrat.
Answer B

60) All of the following are differences in the inherent leadership styles between women and men
except:
A. Women attempt to enhance followers' self-worth.
B. Men are more likely to use a directive command and control style.
C. Men share power and information.
D. Women tend to lead through inclusion and rely on interpersonal skills to influence others.
E. Men rely on formal authority for their position.
Answer C

61) It is generally considered that leadership is important to an organization's success.

All of the following are actions that leaders take to make an organization successful
except:
a) motivate employees to higher levels of productivity
b) control deviations from a standard
c) make rapid and firm decisions
d) anticipate change and vigorously exploit opportunities
e) practice charismatic standards
Answer E

62) Currently the two most popular approaches to leadership are contingency models and the
study of:
A. leadership neutralizers.
B. traits.
C. charisma.
D. leadership substitutes.
E. education and experience
Answer C

63) Which of the following focuses on the downward influence on one's subordinates?
a) information
b) communication
c) leadership
d) prestige
e) Power
Answer C

64) It requires the greatest commitment of organizational resources?

a. rules and procedures
b. hierarchy of authority
c. liaison roles
d. task forces
e. integrating departments
Answer E

65) Leadership is widely thought to be an important element in organizational effectiveness.

Which of the following approaches to leadership was developed first?
a. behavioural (‘one best way’) theories
b. contingency (‘it depends on ’) theories
c. trait (‘the great man/woman’) theories
d. structural (‘formal authority’) theories
e. none of ‘a’-‘d’ came appreciably before the others
Answer C

66) Leaders who influence others with consideration and intellectual stimulation, and
who possess charisma are referred to as:
a. ‘new-age’ leaders
b. ‘transactional’ leaders
c. ‘transformational’ leaders
d. ‘laissez-faire’ leaders
e. ‘formal’ leaders
Answer C
67) Groups created by managerial decision in order to accomplish stated goals of the organization
are called
a. formal groups
b. informal groups
c. task groups
d. interest groups
Answer A

68) Continued membership in a group will usually require

a. supporting the group leader
b. conforming to group norms
c. encouraging cohesiveness in the group
d. developing a status system
Answer B

69) Concerning leadership concepts,

a. leader roles are unnecessary in organizations like Gore-Tex, where a self-leadership approach
is used
b. it is likely that a particular set of leader characteristics and behaviors do suit specific
situations and groups
c. it is likely that the need for leaders will decline in the 21st century due to more decentralized
structures
d. the military model of leadership will become more popular in the 21st century
Answer C

70) Group behavior, power, and conflict are central areas of study for_______ .
Select correct option:
A. Sociologists
B. Anthropologists
C. Social psychologists
D. Operations analysts
Answer A

71) One of the most popular ways to group activities is by:

a. product.
b. function.
c. geography.
d. process.
Answer B

72) What happens in the second stage of group development?

a) Close relationships are developed
b) The group demonstrates cohesiveness
c) Intra-group conflict often occurs
d) The job task is performed
Answer C

73) Which of the following is one of the drawbacks of group decision making?
A. More knowledge through pooling of group resources
B. More amount of time is required to make a decision
C. Increased acceptance & commitment due to voice in decisions
D. Greater understanding due to involvement in decision stages
Answer B

74) Trust and trustworthiness affect a leader’s access to:

a) Dedication and achievement
b) Persuasion and control
c) Power and influence
d) Knowledge and cooperation
Answer D

75) Power can be defined as:

A. The ability to influence the behavior of others
B. The right to influence the behavior of others
C. The actualization of the dependency of others
D. Downward influence on one’s followers
Answer A

76) Leaders achieve goals, and power is:

a) A goal in and of itself
b) Usually used by poor leaders
c) A means of achieving goals
d) A strong influence on leaders’ goals
Answer C

77) Trust and trustworthiness affect a leader’s access to:

A. Dedication and achievement
B. Persuasion and control
C. Power and influence
D. Knowledge and cooperation
Answer D

78) Which of the following types of power requires acceptance of the leader’s authority by
members of the organization?
a) Personal
b) Organizational
c) Legitimate
d) Positional
Answer C

79) Which of the following best describes a leader?

a. Being a leader also means being a manager
b. Leaders can emerge from with in a group
c. Leaders are appointed to their positions
d. Leaders influence others beyond the formal authority
Answer D

80) Which of the following statements about gender difference in leadership is correct?
A. There is no difference in leadership on the basis of gender
B. Women leaders are not good at negotiation
C. Men leaders seem to be more supportive and patient
D. Women tend to adopt democratic leadership style
Answer D

81 When the group energy is focused on the task at hand, the group has moved to the stage.
a) Storming
b) Norming
c) Maturation
d) Performing
Answer B

82) The charismatic leaders are likely to:

a. Invoke high performance among followers
b. Encourage women to seek leadership positions
c. Motivate followers to become more extroverted
d. Avoid media attention regarding their achievements
Answer A

83) Once the causes of difficulty have been identified, the groups can move to the______ to
develop solutions that will improve relations between the groups.
A. Process Consultation
B. Appreciative Inquiry
C. Integration phase
D. Team Building
Answer C

84) Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of group in organization?

a) Common goal
b) Interaction with one another
c) Accept expectations and obligations
d) Mutually independent
Answer D

85) Which of the following leadership style gave the group members complete freedom?
a. Autocratic
b. Democratic
c. Laissez-faire
d. Consideration
Answer C

86) Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of group in organization?

A. Common goal
B. Interaction with one another
C. Accept expectations and obligations
D. Mutually independent
Answer D

87) If trait theories of leadership are valid, then leaders are .

a) Educated
b) Trained
c) Born
d) Authoritarian
Answer C

88) Which of the following is one of the drawbacks of group decision making?
a. More knowledge through pooling of group resources
b. More amount of time is required to make a decision
c. Increased acceptance & commitment due to voice in decisions
d. Greater understanding due to involvement in decision stages
Answer B

89) If behavioral leadership theories are correct, then which of the following statement is true?
A. Leadership behaviors are consistent
B. Leaders are born with leadership behaviors
C. Leaders’ behavior should be altered
D. Leadership skills can be trained
Answer D

90) Which of the following statements most accurately describes interest groups?
a) They are longer lasting than friendship groups
b) They are formed because of some common objective
c) They are governed by labor laws
d) They are likely to involve great social conflict
Answer B
91) Which of the following is one of the drawbacks of group decision making?
a. More knowledge through pooling of group resources
b. More amount of time is required to make a decision
c. Increased acceptance & commitment due to voice in decisions
d. Greater understanding due to involvement in decision stages
Answer B

92) Which of the following statement is TRUE regarding trait theories?

A. Fit traits to various situations
B. Emphasize the situation in classifying approaches to leadership
C. Suggest leaders are born and not made
D. Focus on leaders physical attributes, personality, and abilities
Answer C

93) A group which is raising funds from public for a medical research on a disease that can affect
the population can be called as:
a) Command group
b) Formal group
c) Task group
d) Interest group
Answer D

94) What result does group shift have on the decisions a group makes?
A. They are less effective
B. They are generally riskier
C. They are made more quickly
D. They are objectively incorrect
Answer B

95) According to the Ohio State studies, the extent to which a leader’s behavior is
directed toward getting the job done is called:
a) Initiating structure
b) Consideration
c) Maximization
d) Path-goal
Answer A

96) The charismatic leaders are likely to:

a. Invoke high performance among followers
b. Encourage women to seek leadership positions
c. Motivate followers to become more extroverted
d. Avoid media attention regarding their achievements
Answer A
97) Legitimate power is based on which of the following element?
A. Positive rewards
B. Interpersonal trust
C. Structural position
D. Expert knowledge
Answer C

98) Which of the following is NOT true of charismatic leaders?

Select correct option:
a) They have behavior that is unconventional
b) They are willing to take high personal risk
c) They have a vision and the ability to articulate the vision
d) They show consistency with their followers’ behaviors
Answer D

99) Which of the following is the most productive stage in group development?
Select correct option:
a. Producing
b. Increasing
c. Maturity
d. Performing
Answer D
100) Transactional leadership is addressed by all of the following leadership theories EXCEPT:
Select correct option:
A. Transformational leadership theory
B. Path-goal theory
C. Fiedler's leadership model
D. The leader-participation model
Answer A