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Kurdistan Region Government

Ministry of Higher Education and
Scientific Research
Polytechnic University of Sulaimani
Computer Science
Network Department

Python
Prepared by

Supervised By

2021-2022

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Title Page
python 3

History 4

Languages influenced 6

Uses 7

References 8

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Python
Python is a high-level, general-purpose
programming language. Its design philosophy
emphasizes code readability with the use
of significant indentation. Its language
constructs and object-oriented approach aim to
help programmers write clear, logical code for small-
and large-scale projects.
Python is dynamically-typed and garbage-collected.
It supports multiple programming paradigms,
including structured (particularly procedural), object-
oriented and functional programming. It is often
described as a "batteries included" language due to
its comprehensive standard library.
Guido van Rossum began working on Python in the late
1980s as a successor to the ABC programming
language and first released it in 1991 as Python 0.9.0

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History

Python was conceived in the late 1980s[39] by Guido van

Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in
the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC programming
language, which was inspired by SETL,[40] capable
of exception handling and interfacing with
the Amoeba operating system.  Its implementation began
in December 1989. Van Rossum shouldered sole
responsibility for the project, as the lead developer, until
12 July 2018, when he announced his "permanent
vacation" from his responsibilities as Python's "benevolent
dictator for life", a title the Python community bestowed
upon him to reflect his long-term commitment as the
project's chief decision-maker. In January 2019, active
Python core developers elected a
five-member Steering Council to lead
the project.

Python 2.0 was released on 16

October 2000, with many major new
features.\ Python 3.0, released on 3
December 2008, with many of its
major features backported to
Python 2.6.x[ and 2.7.x. Releases of Python 3 include

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the  2to3 utility, which automates the translation of

Python 2 code to Python 3
Python 2.7's end-of-life was initially set for 2015, then
postponed to 2020 out of concern that a large body of
existing code could not easily be forward-ported to
Python 3. No further security patches or other
improvements will be released for it With Python 2's end-
of-life, only Python 3.6.x and later where supported, and
later support for 3.6 also dropped.
In 2022, Python 3.10.4 and 3.9.12 were expeditedand so
were older releases including 3.8.13, and 3.7.13 because
of many security issues in 2022. In 2021, Python 3.9.2 and
3.8.8 were also expedited] as all versions of Python
(including 2.7) had security issues leading to
possible remote code execution] and web cache
poisoning.
Python 3.6 (and every older release), is no longer
supported as of 2021.

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Languages influenced by Python

Python's design and philosophy have influenced many

other programming languages:
 Boo uses indentation, a similar syntax, and a similar
object model
 Cobra uses indentation and a similar syntax, and

its Acknowledgements document lists Python first

among languages that influenced it.
 CoffeeScript, a programming language that cross-

compiles to JavaScript, has Python-inspired syntax.

 ECMAScript/JavaScript borrowed iterators

and generators from Python.
 GDScript, a scripting language very similar to Python,

built-in to the Godot game engine.

 Go is designed for the "speed of working in a dynamic

language like Python"] and shares the same syntax for

slicing arrays.
 Groovy was motivated by the desire to bring the Python

design philosophy to Java.

 Julia was designed to be "as usable for general

programming as Python".
Python's development practices have also been emulated
by other languages. For example, the practice of requiring
a document describing the rationale for, and issues
surrounding, a change to the language (in Python, a PEP)
is also used in Tcl, Erlang, and Swift.

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Uses

Python can serve as a scripting language for web

applications, e.g., via mod_wsgi for the Apache web
server. With Web Server Gateway Interface, a standard
API has evolved to facilitate these applications. Web
frameworks like Django, Pylons, Pyramid, TurboGears, we
b2py, Tornado, Flask, Bottle and Zope support developers
in the design and maintenance of complex applications.
Pyjs and IronPython can be used to develop the client-
side of Ajax-based applications. SQLAlchemy can be used
as a data mapper to a relational database. Twisted is a
framework to program communications between
computers, and is used (for example) by Dropbox.Libraries
such as NumPy, SciPy and Matplotlib allow the effective
use of Python in scientific computing, with specialized
libraries such as Biopython and Astropy providing domain-
specific functionality. SageMath is a computer algebra
system with a notebook interface programmable in
Python: its library covers many aspects of mathematics,
including algebra, combinatorics, numerical
mathematics, number theory, and calculusand calculus. 
OpenCV has Python bindings with
a rich set of features for computer
vision and image processing
References:

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http://www.baynetworks.com

http://www.rsa.com/rsa/SWAN/home.html
http://www.checkpoint.com
http://www.brivida.com