Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
control, manage, and improve the flow of materials and information from supplier
The SCM aims are collaborating and managing the flow of products, services,
effectiveness. The primary members of a supply chain are all companies that
members are companies that support resources, knowledge, utilities or assets for
the primary members of the supply chain; they are not directly involved in the
Over the last few decades, developing countries’ integration into global
and expanding inflows of foreign direct investment. As a result, there have been
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extension of the so-called modern supply chain. Modern food supply chains
urban market segments. Given the interruptions to global supply chains affecting
workforce has expanded in importance during the pandemic. The sector has
– 2022. Aside from production concerns, many farmers who harvested their
In addition, due to new food product advancements using red algae, global
demand for seaweed is likely to continue to rise in the future years. From 2006 to
2011, global demand for dairy applications, frozen desserts, and ice cream
products. Demand for pharmaceuticals and home goods is also increasing, but at
a slower rate of roughly 2%. Seaweed supply chains, which are classified as
Seaweed is harvested all over the world as both a food source and an
export commodity for the development of agar and carrageenan goods. Seaweed
has been cultured for decades, if not centuries, in various Asian countries
including China, Korea, and Japan. The Philippines is the world’s third largest
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the top commodity produced by the aquaculture fisheries sub-sector with a total
production of 1.49 million metric tons (64 (Philippine Fisheries Profile, 2019).
Profile, 2019).
agriculture-based area. It is most known in Region IV-B for its seaweed culture.
In 2010, with the help of the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR),
the municipality placed second in the region for seaweed production, after
Palawan. Santa Fe is the sole municipality in Romblon that distributes dried and
fresh sea weeds to the rest of the country particularly Cebu, Lucena, and Manila.
Through this, the present study aims to identify the supply management of
seaweed farming in the municipality of Sta. Fe, Romblon. The reason behind this
study is to help optimize the activities of each supply chain that will lead to
The study will aim to identify the supply chain management of seaweed
activities?
per cycle?
3. What are the marketing channels in seaweed farming of Sta. Fe, Romblon?
The benefits and beneficiaries of the study are the farmers of seaweeds
which are the direct recipients of this research. This study will give them
Moreover, the students will also benefit in this study in enriching the readers’
perception about seaweed farming. Additionally, findings in this study may serve
as basis and a reference material for future researchers in line with this field.
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This study will focus on the supply chain management of seaweed farming
in Sta. Fe, Romblon. However, this will only focus on, seaweed production
Romblon, chosen purposively. The type of information needed for this descriptive
research is mainly primary in nature and all data have been collected from
questionnaire.
CHAPTER II
provide support to the present study. The information included here were taken
from journals, articles, books and published studies which help to cultivate the
study.
Supply of Seaweed
The supply of seaweed involves seaweed farmers, local traders, and large
Seaweed Farmers
opportunities for local people, both men and women. Seaweed cultivation is
typically run as a family operation, with all of the adults of the household helping
out. Land preparation, planting, maintaining and harvesting are generally done by
men, while women typically make ropes, bind seedlings and dry the seaweed.
Most of the farmers use the long line method which has an average of 5.8 km.
For 1 km of line can produce approximately 1.1 tons wet seaweed which is equal
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to roughly 10.9 tons per 0.01 km2 (Neish, 2013). They not only cultivate seaweed
but they also capture artisanal fish in the sea which further enhances their
income.
Farmers usually harvest the seaweed in the morning for two hours so that
it can be immediately placed in the sun to dry and to minimize loss. Directly after
harvesting, the farmers wash away any foreign materials that may be attached to
the seaweed such as sand, sludge, and shells. Finally, wet seaweed is laid out
dependent farmers. independent farmers have the flexibility to sell their seaweed
to a local trader or wherever else they may want to sell it. The seaweed is usually
sold based on the price offered by a local trader. Dependent farmers, on the
other hand, have to sell their seaweed exclusively to a specific local trader with
whom they have made an informal agreement, often based around opportunities
Seaweed Farming
the seaweed production has shown enormous ability to have adequate biomass
to be converted into a variety of goods for rising industries. The trend is expected
to continue in the future as new uses are discovered and the ever-increasing
human population needs healthy products and clean energy expand beyond
farming includes carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation, which provides solution for global
cultivation and creates a habitat for specific aquatic species. Also this study
seaweed farming.
farming is a major source of household income for families along coastal areas.
The majority of these farmers are marginalized fishermen whose incomes are
below the national poverty line6 .Research shows that there is a significant
Seaweed Classification
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) stated that seaweed can be
classified into three broad groups based on pigmentation: brown, red and green.
Chlorophyceae, respectively. Brown seaweeds are usually large, and range from
the giant kelp that is often 20 m long, to thick, leather-like seaweeds from 2-4 m
long, to smaller species 30-60 cm long. Red seaweeds are usually smaller,
red seaweeds are not always red: they are sometimes purple, even brownish
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red, but they are still classified by botanists as Rhodophyceae because of other
characteristics. Green seaweeds are also small, with a similar size range to the
red seaweeds.
and are best known by the blue-green algae that sometimes bloom and
contaminate rivers and streams. Naturally growing seaweeds are often referred
adjacent to the ocean. Seaweed is found in intertidal and sub-littoral zones with
substrate, water salinity, water temperature at 25-30°C in shallow water near the
carried out because the R/C ratio obtained is 2.08, where if the R / C obtained is
more than 1, then the business will get a profit and can be run. Seaweed
cultivation business profits of IDR 16,030,218 per year and IDR 2,003,748 per
farmers and collector traders. Marketing costs incurred in the amount of IDR 199
per Kg, marketing margin received by the collecting traders is IDR 3,625 per Kg.
Marketing efficiency was considered efficient for collecting traders which is equal
a good or service — starting from the raw components all the way to delivering
the final product to the consumer. Effective supply chain management systems
minimize cost, waste and time in the production cycle. One way to further
improve on this process is to analyze the data from supply chain partners to see
IDC’s Simon Ellis in The Path to a Thinking Supply Chain¹ defines what is
supply chain management by identifying the five “Cs” of the effective supply
cognitively enabled and comprehensive. Many supply chains have begun this
complementarity perspective” stated that the study did not find empirical
have direct involvement in selling their product to the trader and local processor,
retailer, and wholesaler are all customers of the trader. Similarly, the retailer,
local processor, and wholesaler offer their products directly to customers. Direct
customers are also served by the retailer. Seaweed drying was also done by the
failing to follow proper aquaculture procedures. LGUs and BFAR should work
volume.
seaweed patents are growing yearly due to its high yield potential as well as its
nutritional and product characteristics. The results show that the production of
and farming. Companies like Cargill and countries like China and Japan, who
have held proprietary knowledge for decades, are continuously researching new
study acknowledge there exist supply chain risks such as wild seaweed’s
carrying capacity, other climate change risks, fluctuating market prices, and
that the global seaweed industry: implements more global food and worker safety
requirements; caps wild seaweed harvesting each year so that sufficient amounts
nonprofits like poorest to larger companies like Cargill so that ecosystems are
consumers, i.e. consumers who follow halal requirements or those that are health
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Study of the Indonesian Seaweed Industry” stated that supply chain risk
management is applied for the first time in seaweed industry as an important field
conducted to give a valuable insight for those who are interested in this concept.
The critical steps for managing seaweed supply chain risks consist of
seaweed supply chain risks, assessment of the risks, and mitigation strategies to
minimize the risks. In this work, the concept of supply chain risk management is
criteria) were taken into account. The triple bottom line of sustainability is
South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The result shows that the main risk prioritized was
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the lack of seed supply (8.53%), water contamination (7.82%), and the cost
collection.
Conceptual Framework
Demographic
profile of farmers
Analysis of supply
Seaweed
chain management of
production capacity Questionnaire
seaweed farm industry
in terms of the Data Gathering
in Sta. Fe, Romblon.
volume harvested Analysis of data
per cycle
Marketing
channels
Major constraints
of seaweed
farming.
capacity in terms of the volume harvested per cycle, the marketing channels
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involved in the seaweed farming activity and the major constraints encountered
in seaweed farming. On the other side, the process being used is through
questionnaire, data gathering and analysis of data. The output is the analysis of
Theoretical Framework
creation and flow from raw material sourcing to production, logistics and delivery
According to Keith Oliver the term supply chain management, using the
operations of the supply chain with the purpose to satisfy customer requirements
consumption.”
produce and transport only what they can sell. This eliminates the unnecessary
can’t sell.
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Seaweed Farmers
Strategies
Definition of terms
Seaweeds
Seaweed means marine aquatic plant species that are dependent upon
the marine aquatic or tidal environment, and exist in either an attached or free
floating form, and includes but is not limited to marine aquatic plants in the
Seaweed Farming
naturally found batches. In its most advanced form, it consists of fully controlling
Supply Chain
or service, from the very beginning stage of sourcing the raw materials to the
final delivery of the product or service to end- users. The supply chain lays out all
aspects of the production process, including the activities involved at each stage,
into useful materials, human resources, and other components that go into the
services and includes all processes that transform raw materials into final
marketplace.
The following hypotheses were conceptualized for the purpose of this study:
Romblon.
3. The marketing channel and major problems that the seaweed farmers
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter outlined the methodology that will used in the research study. The
geographical area where the study was conducted, the study design and the
population and sample are described. It further identified the instrument that will
be use to collect the data, including methods implemented and how data analysis
Research Design
Research Method
the supply chain management of seaweed farming in Sta. Fe, Romblon. The
quantitatively. The researcher attempted to get the answers to the problem and
Sta. Fe, Romblon will be the chosen area of the study. Sta. Fe is a
Tablas Strait and Santa Fe Bay, on the eastern and southern side by Sibuyan
survey, Santa Fe has a total land area of 63.52 km2 subdivided by 11 barangays
wherein only one is not coastal (Danao Sur). The latest census of Philippine
households of 3,691.
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This study will took place during the first semester of the academic year
2022-2023.
generalizable. In this study, the target population will be the seaweed farmers in
Purposive sampling is used by the researcher to determine the sample for this
researcher decides the sampling by setting particular criteria that are consistent
with the research aims and are expected to provide answers to the research
Research Instruments
The questionnaire was composed of three (3) parts. Part I, is the socio-
attainment, years in business and main source of capital. On the other hand, part
II is the seaweed production capacity and the part III is the major constraints of
Validation
The questionnaire was forwarded to the three teachers who are experts in the
comments made by the validators were incorporated on the final copy of the
instrument.
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statistics (e.g. frequencies, mean) help to describe and understand the features
of the specific data set by giving short summaries about the sample and
measures of the data. Weighted mean was used by the researcher to analyze
The results were then presented using figures and tables for easiness of