WRITING

What is Writing?
• Writing is the process of using symbols (letters of the alphabet,
punctuation and spaces) to communicate thoughts and ideas in a
readable form.
• Writing is a method of representing language in visual form.
• It is essential to understand the basic system of a language to
write clearly.
• This system includes knowledge of grammar, punctuation and
sentence structure.
• Vocabulary is also necessary, as is correct spelling and
formatting.
• Writer may write for personal enjoyment or use, or for an audience of
one person or more. The audience may be known (targeted) or
unknown.
 Taking notes for study purposes is an example of writing for one's self.
 A letter to a friend is an example of writing for a targeted audience.
 There are many different styles of writing, from informal to formal.
What is Alphabet?
A set of letters usually presented in a fixed order which is used
for writing the words of the particular language or group of
languages.
What is a Word?
A set of letters that has meaning when spoken or written.
e.g. book, pen, school
What is a Sentence?
• A collection of words which expresses complete thought.
• A sentence is usually consists of subject and verb.
e.g. Ali is an intelligent boy.
• Sometimes the subject of a sentence can be hidden, but the
verb must be visible and present in the sentence.
Types of Sentences
Structurally, sentences are of four types:
• Simple sentence
• Compound sentence
• Complex sentence
• Compound-complex sentence
Functionally, sentences are of mainly four types:
• Declarative sentence
• Imperative sentence
• Interrogative sentence
• Exclamatory sentence
Declarative sentence (assertive sentence )
• It simply expresses an opinion/feeling.
• It makes a statement, or describes things.
• it declares something.
• This type of sentence ends with a full-stop.
Examples:
I want to be a good cricketer. (a statement)
I am very happy today. (a feeling)
Imperative sentence
• It makes a request .
• It gives a command.
• It usually ends with a full-stop, but under certain circumstances, it
can end with a note of exclamation (exclamation mark).
Examples:
Please sit down.
I need you to sit down now!
Interrogative sentence:
• It asks a question.
• It must end with a note of interrogation (question mark).
Examples:
When are you going to submit your assignment?
Do you know him?
Exclamatory sentence
• It expresses overflow of emotions.
• These emotions can be of happiness, wonder, sorrow, anger, etc.
• It usually ends with exclamation mark.
Examples:
What a day it was!
I cannot believe he would do that!
LETTER
• A letter is a written message that can be handwritten or printed
on paper.
• It is a written conversation between two parties and is usually
sent via post or email.
Types of Letters
• Informal letters (apology, thanks, congratulation, farewell,
friendship, welcome, invitation)
• Formal letters (business, acceptance, application, transfer,
permission, receipt, resignation, recommendation)
Informal Letter
• It does not have any official status and formal format.
• It has personal tone and exchange among friends, family
members or neighbors.
Parts of An Informal Letter
• Introduction
• Body
• Conclusion
Format of An Informal Letter (Friendship)
Introduction or Starting
• Start the letter with Dear (name) or Hello (name)
Paragraph 1
• Introduce yourself, talk about your age and where are you from?
Paragraph 2
• Talk about the place you live, your family (how many brothers and sisters,
their ages? )
Paragraph 3
• What do you do during the day?
Conclusion or Ending
• Hope to hear from you or write soon
• Best wishes or All the best of yours