ENGLISH MS.

RUT

Eleventh grade
learning materials

Passive voice

NADHIRA RACHMADINI P.S

XI D1
 What Is that Passive Voice?
Passive voice is a passive sentence that does not show action, but receives an action.
The characteristics of passive voice in English will be very easy to find as in the words "planted< /span>”
which end in ed, en, ne, d, t, or n.beaten” or “

The function of passive voice itself is to show interest in the person or object that is being acted upon and not
the person or object that is carrying out the action.
Simply put, the most important thing or person will be the subject of the sentence in passive voice.

Some Examples of passive voice include:

- The passive voice is used frequently. (we're interested in the passive voice, not who uses it.)
- The house was built in 1654. (we are interested in the house, not who built it.)
- The road is being repaired. (we are interested in the road, not who is doing the repairs.)
What Just the Passive
Voice Formula?
So that you can quickly understand, it is good for you to remember first
the formula passive voice.
If you already understand the formula passive voice, then it will be easier
for you to form and recognize sentences passive voice.

Well, below is the formula passive voice:

• Subject + to be + past participle/V3 (Simple present)
• Subject + to be + being + past participle/V3 (Present continuous)
• Subject + has/have + been + past participle/V3 (Present perfect)
• Subject + was/were + past participle/V3 (Simple past)
• Subject + was/were being + past participle/V3 (Past continuous)
• Subject + had been + past participle/V3 (Past perfect)
• Subject + will be + past participle/V3 (Simple future)
• Subject + will have been + past participle/V3 (Future perfect)
 Personal letter
Letters in English are called Letters. A Personal
Letter is an informal letter written to an individual,
usually only two people involved who know each
other.
 Structure of a
Personal Letter
1. Date (Date) = Usually this date is written at the top left. This date shows when the letter was written.
2. Address = This section is the place where you write the letter or the address where the sender lives.
The address is written at the top right.
3. Salutation & Name (Salam & Name) = This section writes the opening greeting and the name of the
recipient of the letter. For example "Dear...", "Dearest...", "Sweetheart", "Darling", "My love" and others.
4. Introduction (Opening) = The opening of a letter usually starts with an opening like a response to the
previous letter or it could also be the beginning of a self-introduction if you are just starting a letter.
5. Body (Content of the Letter) = This section is the content or essence of the letter. In this Body section,
you tell all the contents of the letter that we want to tell.
6. Closure (Closing) This part indicates that the letter is coming to an end.
7. Complimentary close (Salam Penutup) = Bagian ini merupakan ungkapan penutup pendek seperti,
"With love". "Sincerely yours", "With love", and so on.
8. Signature (Signature) = This section is below the complementary close, you can put your signature or
you can just put your initials.
Examples of expressions
used in personal letters :
Conclusion
Starting the letter
• I am looking forward to seeing you
soon.
• How are you?
• I am looking forward to hear from
• Hope this letter finds you...
you soon.
• Thank you for your last letter.
• My best wishes for the coming test.
• It was so good to hear from you.
• See you.
• Sorry for answering late
• I will write soon.
• I am sorry I should have written earlier...
• I will have to stop now.
• Haven't heard from you in a while so I thought...
• I am waiting for a quick reply.
• I am sorry to inform you that...
• Looking forward to see you again.
• Bye.
 Application letter

Definitions
An application letter or job application
letter is a form or letter that shows
our desire for a position or job.
Structure
- heading (Applicant contact detail, Recipient contact detail, Subject & Date)
- salutation (Dear Sirs/Madams)
- body (Apllication statement, Qualification statement, Closing statement)

Social Functions
Functions as a form of communication between applicants and
companies containing applicant information, qualifications and
other information.
 Cause effect
Cause and effect is English material that discusses
sentences or paragraphs which describe the
connection between two things when one thing
causes something else to happen.
Cause
The word cause in English can fall into the noun or verb category. A noun
means someone or something that causes something to happen. A verb
means an action that makes something happen.

Example:
• The cause (noun) of fire was the electrical short.
• The electrical short caused (verb) the fire.

Signal words cause

if
when
the reason for
because
since
due to
Effect
The noun means a change that is the result of an action or cause.
Meanwhile, in the verb, effect is written as affect, which means
producing an effect or causing a change in something.

Example:
• Does the noise have an effect (noun) on your
concentration?
• Does the noise affect (verb) your
concentration?

so
therefore
as a result
consenquenty
thus
then
Learning through song

Songs are a great source of 'real life'

language and you can use music to
practice many different language
skills. Most importantly, songs are a
fun way to learn English!
Definition song
Song is a composition of tone or voice in sequence,
combination and temporal relation to produse a musical
compositian that has unity and continuity.

Purpose song
To express feeling and idea in an entertaining world.
Songs can be used to deliver social criticism. The moral
values are hidden in the lyrics.

Structure song
1. Intro
2. Verse
3. Refrain of Chorus
4. Bridge
5. Coda
 Explanation text
An explanation text is a piece o non-fiction writing
explaining an action process or event in a detailed
but simple way. If features numbered points, time
connectives, pictures, diagrams, labels, and captions
to help the receiver understand the process of
what's being delivered.
 1. Title
The first structure is title. The title of the text gives the picture of
the text.

structure 2. General statement

of
General statement will be explained about general picture about
the things describe in the text.

explanation 3. Explanation
This part gives a series of processes about how and why
something happens or cause of the cause describe through the
sequence of events.

text 4. conclusion
There's a part conclusion, which contains conclusions of all the
process that had been explained before.
Language features of
explanation text

Using simple Using Technical

present tense Terms

Using action
verbs
 Analytical Exposition
text

Analytical exposition text is a text that

contains the author's opinion about
things that happen around him.
Purpose
the main purpose of analytical exposition text is to persuade the reader that the
issue is an important matter

Structure analytical
text
1. Thesis, is main topic and author's point of view.
2. Arguments, is opinions to support the main topic
3. Reiteration, is reaffirmation of positions and opinions
 Hortatory exposition
text
Hortatory exposition text is a type of text that is
used to convince or invite readers or listeners to do
something or take a certain action.
The function of this text is to convince other
people of a certain opinion or action. Apart from
that, this hortatory text also aims to invite readers
or listeners to take certain actions

Structure
hortatory text
1. Thesis, introduce the topic or problem to be
discussed.
2. Arguments, contains arguments that support the
author's statement of opinion
3. Recommendation, closes with a
recommendation or invitation to the reader
 Narrative text

Narrative text is a text that tells a

series of events sequentially and
connected to each other. This type of
text has an imaginative nature or
imaginary story that aims to entertain
the reader
Structure
narrative text
1. Orientation, is part of the introduction
2. Complications, contains conflict, problem or crisis in the story
3. Resolution, is the final part

Types of Narrative Text

fables, myths, tales, legends and romance