TEST 2

NAME: ______________________

CLASS: 10C5

PART A. LISTENING

I. For questions 1-5, you are going to hear part of a radio programme. Decide which of the sentences are true (T), and
which are false (F) according to the recording. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. The first
(0) has been done as an example.

0. Some people in the Outback live over 100 kilometres away from their nearest neighbours.

1. Everybody in the Outback has at least a telephone to keep in touch with the world.

2. In an emergency, doctors use jeeps to get to the patient.

3. It doesn‟t take the doctors more than ninety minutes to get to any place in the Outback.

4. Children living in the Outback do not go to school at all.

5. The children in the Outback can communicate with their teachers by two- way radio and post.

II. For questions 6-15, listen to a piece of news from the BBC about the “bloodbath” in Northern Sri Lanka and fill in

the missing information. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the
spaces provided. (c5 r)

6. According to the UN's spokesman Gordon Weiss, more than 100 children died during what he called the large-scale
_______________over the weekend.

7. The UN had warned against ______________ and the weekend's events showed that 'that bloodbath has become a reality'.

8. A doctor working in the war zone said that the bodies of 378 people had been registered at his hospital and that many other
_______________were lying outside.

9-10. He said _______________ appeared to have been fired from ______________ into a mainly civilian area under

Tamil Tiger rebel control.

11. The government said the issue of ______________is highly sensitive here and the state-owned Daily News on Monday
makes no mention of the incident at all.

12. In New York, the British Foreign Secretary David Miliband is to _______________informal discussions.

13. The discussions with ministers and charities are on _______________situation.

14. The Sri Lankan government is dismissive of calls from Secretary David Miliband and other diplomats

_________________in the North.

15. And the Sri Lankan government says it's about to defeat the rebels permanently and _________________would not

help civilians.

III. For questions 16-20, listen to a radio interview with a chef about the process of eating and choose the best answer
(A, B, C, or D) according to what you hear. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.

16. Heston mentions eating fish from a paper plate with a plastic knife and fork
 A. because it is something listeners may have done.

B. because doing so made him think about the process of eating.

C. as an example of an unpleasant eating experience.

D. as an example of what influences the eating experience

17. What does Heston say about taste?

A. Fat should be considered a taste.

B. Taste and flavour are separate from each other.

C. The sense of smell is involved in it.

D. The number of taste buds gradually decreases.

18. The experiment involving salt and other food shows that

A. it is possible to taste something that you can‟t smell.

B. the sense of smell is not as powerful as other senses.

C. food can taste better when you can‟t smell it.

D. the flavour of food can change as you eat it.

19. The story about the trainee waiters illustrates that

A. certain colours are more appealing than others.

 B. something can seem to taste good because of its appearance.

C. one sense can strongly influence another.

D. some people can perceive taste better than others.

20. What does Heston say about bitterness?

A. It can give a false impression that something is harmful.

B. It can become the main reason why people like something.

C. Reactions to it can change over time.

D. Its function is widely misunderstood.

PART B. LEXICO-GRAMMAR

Exercise 1. Choose the best option A, B, C, or D to complete the following sentences.

1. We‟d better hurry. There‟s a ______ to Uncle Timothy‟s patience.

2. Mick has been in trouble with the police a few times, but now he as promised his parents that he will turn over

______.

3. I can‟t afford to buy a new coat this winter. I‟ll have to ______ the one I have.

A. make amends B. make light with C. make myself at home with D. make do with

4. The unpleasant smell in the restaurant _____ me off my dinner.

 5. The President visited the area to see the devastation ______.

6. Because of road works, traffic is restricted to one ______ in each direction.

A. lane B. row C. alley D. path

7
. He enjoyed the dessert so much that he accepted a second _____ when it was offered.

A. sharing B. pile C. helping D. load

8
. Mr. Roboson‟s job is to teach the young officers _____ their duty in the right way.

D.
A. operate B. perform C. commit proceed

9. ______ dangerous the situation is, Jim always indulges himself in it head first.

A. In spite of B. However C. No matter what D. Though

10. “I saw you studying at the library last night.” “You ______. I wasn‟t there.”

A. wouldn‟t have B. have C. might have D. can‟t have

Exercise 2. There are five mistakes in the passage. Find and correct all of them. Write the answer in the space given.

Line 1

Line 2
 Line 3

Line 4

Line 5

Line 6

Line 7

Line 8

Line 9

Line 10

Line 11

Because different tree species adapting to different climates and soil types have evolved over millennium,
many kinds of forests occupy the earth today. The primitive forests of several hundred million years ago
consisted of fewer kinds of trees. In fact, the earliest „trees‟, which grew nearly 500 million years ago, were
like giant club mosses. They lacked true roots and consisted of a confused mass of specialized branches that
climbed at rocky ground. Fifty million years later came the dense forests of tree ferns that prevailed tropical
climates of that era. He forerunners of modern conifers-trees that bear cones – were on the scene 300 million
years ago, when plant life abundantly colonized marshy land, building the tremendous coal and oil reserves
so important today. By the time the dinosaurs roamed the earth some 180 million years before, seed bearing
trees that shed their leaves in winter had evolved; from these have sprung our present deciduous forests.
 Answers:

Line Mistake Correction

______ ____________ ____________

______ ____________ ____________

______ ____________ ____________

______ ____________ ____________

______ ____________ ____________

Exercise 3.

Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable preposition(s) or particle(s).

1. He said he would make me a rich man, but I saw _____________ him immediately.

2. He looks like an English man, but his foreign accent gave him ____________.

3. The painting was valuable family possession, which had been handed ___________ from generation to generation.

4. I can‟t remember the name of the hotel we stayed at __________ the top of my head.

5. As they came under heavy fire, the captain ordered his men to fall ____________.

Exercise 4.

Give the correct form of the word in capital in the following passage.
 FOOD MILES

In Britain, what is described as „food miles‟, the distance which food is transported from the place where it is grown to its
point of sale, continues to rise. This has major economic, social and environmental consequences, given the traffic
congestion and pollution which (1. VARIABLE) ________________ follow.

According to (2. PRESS) _______________ groups, the same amount of food was travelling 50 per cent further than

twenty years ago. What‟s more, the rise in the demand for road haulage over this period has mostly been due to the transport
of food and drink. The groups assert that the increase in the number of lorry journeys is excessive and that many of these are
far from essential.

In the distribution systems employed by British food (3. RETAIL) _______________, fleets of lorries bring all goods into

more centrally located warehouses for redistribution across the country. (4. LOGIC) ________________ as this might

appear, the situation whereby some goods get sent back to the same areas from which they came is unadvoidable.

In response to scathing criticism from environmentalists, some food distributors now aim to minimize the impact of food
miles by routing vehicles, wherever possible, on motorways after dark. This encourages greater energy (5. EFFICIENT)

_______________ whilst also reducing the impact on the residential areas through which they would otherwise pass.

PART C. READING

Exercise 1.

Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits each blank in the following passage.

For those people who go out in search of adventure, a long-distance flight in a hot-air balloon is a particularly exciting
prospect. Indeed, around-the-world balloon trip is widely regarded as the (1) ______ challenge. One well-known

adventurer, David Hempleman Adams would not agree, however. Recently, he became the first man to reach the North Pole
in a hot-air balloon, a more significant achievement in his eyes. Given that the distance and altitudes (2) ______ are
comparatively modest, you might wonder why the trip from Canada to the Pole, should present such a challenge.

Part of the (3) ______ was that such a flight had not even been attempted for over a century. In those days, such
expeditions were huge events with a nation‟s pride resting on their success, and so resources were committed to them.
Although he eventually managed to secure a substantial sponsorship (4) _______ from an insurance company, Hemplemann-
Adams had the added challenge of having to raise sufficient funds for his trip.

Then, of course, he had to face major survival concerns, such as predicting the weather (5) _______ and coping

with the dangerously low temperatures. But most challenging of all was the incredibly complex problem of navigation. As
the earth's magnetic field gets stronger, only the most (6) _______ of satellite-linked navigation systems can confirm that

one has got to the Pole. Without them, the chances of getting anywhere near it are extremely (7) _______. Not to mention

an even greater problem that (8) _______ on Hemplemann-Adams' mind: getting back!

1. A. ultimate B. extreme C. utmost D. eventual

D.
2. A. engaged B. regarded C. involved connected

3. A. appeal B. beauty C. charm D. allure

4. A. bargain B. purchase C. transaction D. deal

5. A. tendencies B. conditions C. circumstances D. elements

6. A. sophisticated B. refined C. cultured D. educated

7. A. thin B. slight C. slim D. tight

8. A. pushed B. stressed C. pressed D. weighed

Exercise 2.

Read the text and think of a word that best fits each gap. Use ONLY ONE word in each gap.
 The changing English language

All languages change over a period of time, for reasons which are imperfectly understood. The speech is really so integral (1)
____________ form of human activity that it cannot be regarded as an entity in itself. For this (2)

____________, it is more exact to say that each generation behave linguistically in a slightly different manner from its

predecessors.

Young people are impatient of (3) ____________ they often consider to be

the stilted vocabulary and

pronunciation of their elders, and like to show how up-to-date they are by using the (4) _____________ slang. However,

as the years go by, some of that slang becomes standard usage. In any case, people slowly grow far (5) ____________

receptive to linguistic novelties. So that by the time they reach their forties, they decry the slovenly speech of the younger
generation.

In this respect, language is a little (6) ____________ fashion in dress. The informal clothes of one generation

become the everyday wear of the next. Similarly, just as many young doctors and office workers carry out their duties in
casual clothes, so expressions which were once confined to slang and familiar conversation are assimilated (7)

___________ their normal vocabulary.

Exercise 3.

Read the passage and choose the best option A, B, C, or D to answer the questions.

The Beatles became the most popular group in rock music history. This quartet of extraordinarily talented musicians
generated a phenomenal number of pieces that won gold records. They inspired a frenzy that transcended countries and
economic strata. While all of them sang, John Lennon and Paul McCartney wrote the majority of their songs. Originally,
Lennon and five others formed a group called the Qurrymen in 1956 with Paul McCartney joining them later that year.
George Harrison, John Lennon, and Paul McCartney, together with Stuart Sutcliffe, who played the bass guitar, and Pete
Best on the drums, performed together in several bands for a few years, until they finally settled on the Sliver Beatles in
1960. American rock musicians, such as Chuck Berry and Elvis Presley, influenced Lennon‟s and McCartney‟s music,
whose first hits consisted of simple tunes and lyrics about young love, “ Love me Do” and “ Please, Please me “ .The Beatles
“ US tour propelled them to stardom and led to two movies “ A Hard Day‟s Night” and “ Help” filmed in 1964 and 1965.
The so-called British invasion of the United States was in full swing when they took the top five spots on the single chart,
followed by the release of their first film.

During the 1960s, their music matured and acquired a sense of melody. The lyrics of their songs became deeper and gained
in both imagination and meaning. Their popularity continued to grow as the Beatles turned their attention to social problems
and political issues in “ Nowhere Man” and “ Eleanor Rigby” . Loneliness and nostalgia come through in their ballads “
Michelle” and “ Yesterday”, which fully displayed the group‟s professional development and sophistication. Lennon‟s
sardonic music with lyric written in the first person, and Paul McCartney‟s songs that created scenarios encouraged
individuals to contribute to the character of the music produced by the group. In addition to their music, the Beatles social
trend that popularized long hair, Indian music, and mod dress.

For a variety of reasons, the musicians began to drift apart, and their last concert took place in San Francisco in 1966. The
newspaper and tabloids publicized their quarrels and lawsuits, and the much idolized group finally disbanded in 1970.
However, their albums had outsold those of any other band in history. Although all of the Beatles continued to perform solo
or form new rock groups alone, none could achieve the recognition and success that they had been to win together.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The history and music of the Beatles.

B. The history and milestones of rock music.

C. The fashion and music popular in the 1960s.

D. The creation and history of a music group.

2. According to the passage, how many members were in the band formed in 1956?

A. Four B. Five C. Six D. Seven

3. According to the passage, which of the Beatles had the greatest musical talents?

A. John Lennon and Paul McCartney

B. George Harrison and John Lennon

 C. Stuart Sutcliffe and Pete Best

D. John Lennon, Paul Mcartney and George Harrison.

4. The author of the passage implies that the Beatles ...

A. Competed with American Musicians.

B. Wrote their music as a group

C. Became popular relatively quickly

D. Were active in social movements

5. According to the passage, the Beatles‟ fame grew as a result of

A. Chuck Berry‟s involvement

B. Their American tour

C. Two movies made in the US

D. Their first two hits

6. The author of the passage implies that over time, the music and lyrics by the Beatles

A. Became more complex than at the beginning of their career

B. Declined in quality and political significance

C. Were dedicated to women named Eleanor nd Michelle

D. Made them the richest musicians in the world.

 7. The word „acquired‟ is closest in meaning to

A. Imparted B. attached C. imprinted D. attained

8. According to the passage, when did the Beatles experience their greatest success?

A. In the late 1950s C. After hir beak-up in 1970

B. During the early and mid- 1960s D. throughout their lifetime

9. The word “scenario” is closest in meaning to

10. According to the passage, how did Lennon and McCccartney enhance the music of the group?

A. They struggled to reach the stardom of the United State.

B. They composed lyrics to scornful songs and ballads

C. Their music added distinctiveness to the Beatles repertoire

D. Their loneliness and sadness made their music popular.

Exercise 4.

Read the text and do the following tasks.

THE LITTLE ICE AGE

A This book will provide a detailed examination of the Little Ice Age and other climatic shifts, but, before I
embark on that, let me provide a historical context. We tend to think of climate - as opposed to weather - as
something unchanging, yet humanity has been at the mercy of climate change for its entire existence, with at
 least eight glacial episodes in the past 730,000 years. Our ancestors adapted to the universal but irregular
global warming since the end of the last great Ice Age, around 10,000 years ago, with dazzling opportunism.
They developed strategies for surviving harsh drought cycles, decades of heavy rainfall or unaccustomed
cold; adopted agriculture and stock-raising, which revolutionised human life; and founded the world's first
pre-industrial civilisations in Egypt, Mesopotamia and the Americas. But the price of sudden climate change,
in famine, disease and suffering, was often high.

B The Little Ice Age lasted from roughly 1300 until the middle of the nineteenth century. Only two centuries
ago, Europe experienced a cycle of bitterly cold winters; mountain glaciers in the Swiss Alps were the
lowest in recorded memory, and pack ice surrounded Iceland for much of the year. The climatic events of the
Little Ice Age

did more than help shape the modern world. They are the deeply important context for the current unprecedented
global warming. The Little Ice Age was far from a deep freeze, however; rather an irregular seesaw of rapid climatic
shifts, few lasting more than a quarter-century, driven by complex and still little understood interactions between the
atmosphere and the ocean. The seesaw brought cycles of intensely cold winters and easterly winds, then switched
abruptly to years of heavy spring and early summer rains, mild winters, and frequent Atlantic storms, or to periods of
droughts, light northeasterly winds, and summer heat waves.

C Reconstructing the climate changes of the past is extremely difficult, because systematic weather
observations began only a few centuries ago, in Europe and North America. Records from India and tropical
Africa are even more recent. For the time before records began, we have only 'proxy records' reconstructed
largely from tree rings and ice cores, supplemented by a few incomplete written accounts. We now have
hundreds of tree-ring records from throughout the northern hemisphere, and many from south of the equator,
too, amplified with a growing body of temperature data from ice cores drilled in Antarctica, Greenland, the
Peruvian Andes, and other locations. We are close to a knowledge of annual summer and winter temperature
variations over much of the northern hemisphere going back 600 years.

D This book is a narrative history of climatic shifts during the past ten centuries, and some of the ways in
which people in Europe adapted to them. Part One describes the Medieval Warm Period, roughly 900 to
1200. During these three centuries, Norse voyagers from Northern Europe explored northern seas, settled
Greenland, and visited North America. It was not a time of uniform warmth, for then, as always since the
Great Ice Age, there were constant shifts in rainfall and temperature. Mean European temperatures were
about the same as today, perhaps slightly cooler.

E It is known that the Little Ice Age cooling began in Greenland and the Arctic in about 1200. As the Arctic
ice pack spread southward, Norse voyages to the west were rerouted into the open Atlantic, then ended
 altogether. Storminess increased in the North Atlantic and North Sea. Colder, much wetter weather
descended on Europe between 1315 and 1319, when thousands perished in a continent-wide famine. By
1400, the weather had become decidedly more unpredictable and stormier, with sudden shifts and lower
temperatures that culminated in the cold decades of the late sixteenth century. Fish were a vital commodity
in growing towns and cities, where food supplies were a constant concern. Dried cod and herring were
already the staples of the European fish trade, but changes in water temperatures forced fishing fleets to
work further offshore. The Basques, Dutch, and English developed the first offshore fishing boats adapted to
a colder and stormier Atlantic. A gradual agricultural revolution in northern Europe stemmed from concerns
over food supplies at a time of rising populations. The revolution involved intensive commercial farming and
the growing of animal fodder on land not previously used for crops. The increased productivity from
farmland made some countries self-sufficient in grain and livestock and offered effective protection against
famine.

F Global temperatures began to rise slowly after 1850, with the beginning of the Modern Warm Period. There
was a vast migration from Europe by land-hungry farmers and others, to which the famine caused by the
Irish potato blight contributed, to North America, Australia, New Zealand, and southern Africa. Millions of
hectares of forest and woodland fell before the newcomers' axes between 1850 and 1890, as intensive
European farming methods expanded across the world. The unprecedented land clearance released vast
quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, triggering for the first time humanly caused global
warming. Temperatures climbed more rapidly in

the twentieth century as the use of fossil fuels proliferated and greenhouse gas levels continued to soar. The rise has
been even steeper since the early 1980s. The Little Ice Age has given way to a new climatic regime, marked by
prolonged and steady warming. At the same time, extreme weather events like Category 5 hurricanes are becoming
more frequent.

Questions 1 to 5: Read the passage carefully and choose the best heading for each paragraph from A to
F.

List of Headings

i. Predicting climatic changes

ii. The relevance of the Little Ice Age today

 iii. How cities contribute to climate change

iv. Human impact on the climate

v. How past climatic conditions can be determined

vi. A growing need for weather records

vii. A study covering a thousand years

viii. People have always responded to climate change

ix. Enough food at last

A
n
s
w
e
Example r

v
ii
0. Paragraph A i

_
_
_
_
_
1. Paragraph B _

_
_
_
_
_
2. Paragraph C _
 _
_
_
_
_
3. Paragraph D _

_
_
_
_
_
4. Paragraph E _

_
_
_
_
_
5. Paragraph F _

Questions 6 - 10

Complete the summary using the list of words, A—I, below.

Write the correct letter, A—I, in boxes 6-10 in the space give

Weather during the Little Ice Age

Documentation of past weather condition is limited: our main sources of knowledge of conditions in the distant past are 6.

______ and 7. ______ . We can deduce that the Little Ice Age was a time of 8. ______, rather than of consistent freezing.
Within it there were some periods of very cold winters, others of 9. ______ and heavy rain, and yet others that saw 10.

______ with no rain at all.

A. climatic shifts B. ice cores C. tree rings

D. glaciers E. interactions F. weather observations

G. heat waves H. storms I. written accounts

TEST 2

NAME: ______________________

CLASS: 10C5

PART A. LISTENING

I. For questions 1-5, you are going to hear part of a radio programme. Decide which of the sentences are true (T), and
which are false (F) according to the recording. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. The first
(0) has been done as an example.

0. Some people in the Outback live over 100 kilometres away from their nearest neighbours.

1. Everybody in the Outback has at least a telephone to keep in touch with the world.

2. In an emergency, doctors use jeeps to get to the patient.

 3. It doesn‟t take the doctors more than ninety minutes to get to any place in the Outback.

4. Children living in the Outback do not go to school at all.

5. The children in the Outback can communicate with their teachers by two- way radio and post.

II. For questions 6-15, listen to a piece of news from the BBC about the “bloodbath” in Northern Sri Lanka and fill in

the missing information. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the
spaces provided. (c5 r)

6. According to the UN's spokesman Gordon Weiss, more than 100 children died during what he called the large-scale

_______________over the weekend.

7. The UN had warned against ______________ and the weekend's events showed that 'that bloodbath has become a reality'.

8. A doctor working in the war zone said that the bodies of 378 people had been registered at his hospital and that many other
_______________were lying outside.

9-10. He said _______________ appeared to have been fired from ______________ into a mainly civilian area under

Tamil Tiger rebel control.

11. The government said the issue of ______________is highly sensitive here and the state-owned Daily News on Monday
makes no mention of the incident at all.

12. In New York, the British Foreign Secretary David Miliband is to _______________informal discussions.

13. The discussions with ministers and charities are on _______________situation.

14. The Sri Lankan government is dismissive of calls from Secretary David Miliband and other diplomats

_________________in the North.

15. And the Sri Lankan government says it's about to defeat the rebels permanently and _________________would not

help civilians.

III. For questions 16-20, listen to a radio interview with a chef about the process of eating and choose the best answer
(A, B, C, or D) according to what you hear. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.

16. Heston mentions eating fish from a paper plate with a plastic knife and fork

A. because it is something listeners may have done.

B. because doing so made him think about the process of eating.

C. as an example of an unpleasant eating experience.

D. as an example of what influences the eating experience

17. What does Heston say about taste?

A. Fat should be considered a taste.

B. Taste and flavour are separate from each other.

C. The sense of smell is involved in it.

D. The number of taste buds gradually decreases.

 18. The experiment involving salt and other food shows that

A. it is possible to taste something that you can‟t smell.

B. the sense of smell is not as powerful as other senses.

C. food can taste better when you can‟t smell it.

D. the flavour of food can change as you eat it.

19. The story about the trainee waiters illustrates that

A. certain colours are more appealing than others.

B. something can seem to taste good because of its appearance.

C. one sense can strongly influence another.

D. some people can perceive taste better than others.

20. What does Heston say about bitterness?

A. It can give a false impression that something is harmful.

B. It can become the main reason why people like something.

C. Reactions to it can change over time.

D. Its function is widely misunderstood.

PART B. LEXICO-GRAMMAR

Exercise 1. Choose the best option A, B, C, or D to complete the following sentences.

 1. We‟d better hurry. There‟s a ______ to Uncle Timothy‟s patience.

2. Mick has been in trouble with the police a few times, but now he as promised his parents that he will turn over

______.

3. I can‟t afford to buy a new coat this winter. I‟ll have to ______ the one I have.

A. make amends B. make light with C. make myself at home with D. make do with

4. The unpleasant smell in the restaurant _____ me off my dinner.

5. The President visited the area to see the devastation ______.

6. Because of road works, traffic is restricted to one ______ in each direction.

A. lane B. row C. alley D. path

7
. He enjoyed the dessert so much that he accepted a second _____ when it was offered.

A. sharing B. pile C. helping D. load

8
. Mr. Roboson‟s job is to teach the young officers _____ their duty in the right way.

D.
A. operate B. perform C. commit proceed
 9. ______ dangerous the situation is, Jim always indulges himself in it head first.

A. In spite of B. However C. No matter what D. Though

10. “I saw you studying at the library last night.” “You ______. I wasn‟t there.”

A. wouldn‟t have B. have C. might have D. can‟t have

Exercise 2. There are five mistakes in the passage. Find and correct all of them. Write the answer in the space given.

Line 1

Line 2

Line 3

Line 4

Line 5

Line 6

Line 7

Line 8

Line 9

Line 10

Line 11
Because different tree species adapting to different climates and soil types have evolved over millennium,
many kinds of forests occupy the earth today. The primitive forests of several hundred million years ago
consisted of fewer kinds of trees. In fact, the earliest „trees‟, which grew nearly 500 million years ago, were
like giant club mosses. They lacked true roots and consisted of a confused mass of specialized branches that
climbed at rocky ground. Fifty million years later came the dense forests of tree ferns that prevailed tropical
climates of that era. He forerunners of modern conifers-trees that bear cones – were on the scene 300 million
years ago, when plant life abundantly colonized marshy land, building the tremendous coal and oil reserves
so important today. By the time the dinosaurs roamed the earth some 180 million years before, seed bearing
trees that shed their leaves in winter had evolved; from these have sprung our present deciduous forests.

Answers:

Line Mistake Correction

______ ____________ ____________

______ ____________ ____________

______ ____________ ____________

______ ____________ ____________

______ ____________ ____________

Exercise 3.

Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable preposition(s) or particle(s).

 1. He said he would make me a rich man, but I saw _____________ him immediately.

2. He looks like an English man, but his foreign accent gave him ____________.

3. The painting was valuable family possession, which had been handed ___________ from generation to generation.

4. I can‟t remember the name of the hotel we stayed at __________ the top of my head.

5. As they came under heavy fire, the captain ordered his men to fall ____________.

Exercise 4.

Give the correct form of the word in capital in the following passage.

FOOD MILES

In Britain, what is described as „food miles‟, the distance which food is transported from the place where it is grown to its
point of sale, continues to rise. This has major economic, social and environmental consequences, given the traffic
congestion and pollution which (1. VARIABLE) ________________ follow.

According to (2. PRESS) _______________ groups, the same amount of food was travelling 50 per cent further than

twenty years ago. What‟s more, the rise in the demand for road haulage over this period has mostly been due to the transport
of food and drink. The groups assert that the increase in the number of lorry journeys is excessive and that many of these are
far from essential.

In the distribution systems employed by British food (3. RETAIL) _______________, fleets of lorries bring all goods into

more centrally located warehouses for redistribution across the country. (4. LOGIC) ________________ as this might

appear, the situation whereby some goods get sent back to the same areas from which they came is unadvoidable.

In response to scathing criticism from environmentalists, some food distributors now aim to minimize the impact of food
miles by routing vehicles, wherever possible, on motorways after dark. This encourages greater energy (5. EFFICIENT)

_______________ whilst also reducing the impact on the residential areas through which they would otherwise pass.
PART C. READING

Exercise 1.

Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits each blank in the following passage.

For those people who go out in search of adventure, a long-distance flight in a hot-air balloon is a particularly exciting
prospect. Indeed, around-the-world balloon trip is widely regarded as the (1) ______ challenge. One well-known

adventurer, David Hempleman Adams would not agree, however. Recently, he became the first man to reach the North Pole
in a hot-air balloon, a more significant achievement in his eyes. Given that the distance and altitudes (2) ______ are
comparatively modest, you might wonder why the trip from Canada to the Pole, should present such a challenge.

Part of the (3) ______ was that such a flight had not even been attempted for over a century. In those days, such

expeditions were huge events with a nation‟s pride resting on their success, and so resources were committed to them.
Although he eventually managed to secure a substantial sponsorship (4) _______ from an insurance company, Hemplemann-
Adams had the added challenge of having to raise sufficient funds for his trip.

Then, of course, he had to face major survival concerns, such as predicting the weather (5) _______ and coping

with the dangerously low temperatures. But most challenging of all was the incredibly complex problem of navigation. As
the earth's magnetic field gets stronger, only the most (6) _______ of satellite-linked navigation systems can confirm that

one has got to the Pole. Without them, the chances of getting anywhere near it are extremely (7) _______. Not to mention

an even greater problem that (8) _______ on Hemplemann-Adams' mind: getting back!

1. A. ultimate B. extreme C. utmost D. eventual

D.
2. A. engaged B. regarded C. involved connected

3. A. appeal B. beauty C. charm D. allure

 4. A. bargain B. purchase C. transaction D. deal

5. A. tendencies B. conditions C. circumstances D. elements

6. A. sophisticated B. refined C. cultured D. educated

7. A. thin B. slight C. slim D. tight

8. A. pushed B. stressed C. pressed D. weighed

Exercise 2.

Read the text and think of a word that best fits each gap. Use ONLY ONE word in each gap.

The changing English language

All languages change over a period of time, for reasons which are imperfectly understood. The speech is really so integral (1)
____________ form of human activity that it cannot be regarded as an entity in itself. For this (2)

____________, it is more exact to say that each generation behave linguistically in a slightly different manner from its

predecessors.

Young people are impatient of (3) ____________ they often consider to be

the stilted vocabulary and

pronunciation of their elders, and like to show how up-to-date they are by using the (4) _____________ slang. However,

as the years go by, some of that slang becomes standard usage. In any case, people slowly grow far (5) ____________

receptive to linguistic novelties. So that by the time they reach their forties, they decry the slovenly speech of the younger
generation.
 In this respect, language is a little (6) ____________ fashion in dress. The informal clothes of one generation

become the everyday wear of the next. Similarly, just as many young doctors and office workers carry out their duties in
casual clothes, so expressions which were once confined to slang and familiar conversation are assimilated (7)

___________ their normal vocabulary.

Exercise 3.

Read the passage and choose the best option A, B, C, or D to answer the questions.

The Beatles became the most popular group in rock music history. This quartet of extraordinarily talented musicians
generated a phenomenal number of pieces that won gold records. They inspired a frenzy that transcended countries and
economic strata. While all of them sang, John Lennon and Paul McCartney wrote the majority of their songs. Originally,
Lennon and five others formed a group called the Qurrymen in 1956 with Paul McCartney joining them later that year.
George Harrison, John Lennon, and Paul McCartney, together with Stuart Sutcliffe, who played the bass guitar, and Pete
Best on the drums, performed together in several bands for a few years, until they finally settled on the Sliver Beatles in
1960. American rock musicians, such as Chuck Berry and Elvis Presley, influenced Lennon‟s and McCartney‟s music,
whose first hits consisted of simple tunes and lyrics about young love, “ Love me Do” and “ Please, Please me “ .The Beatles
“ US tour propelled them to stardom and led to two movies “ A Hard Day‟s Night” and “ Help” filmed in 1964 and 1965.
The so-called British invasion of the United States was in full swing when they took the top five spots on the single chart,
followed by the release of their first film.

During the 1960s, their music matured and acquired a sense of melody. The lyrics of their songs became deeper and gained
in both imagination and meaning. Their popularity continued to grow as the Beatles turned their attention to social problems
and political issues in “ Nowhere Man” and “ Eleanor Rigby” . Loneliness and nostalgia come through in their ballads “
Michelle” and “ Yesterday”, which fully displayed the group‟s professional development and sophistication. Lennon‟s
sardonic music with lyric written in the first person, and Paul McCartney‟s songs that created scenarios encouraged
individuals to contribute to the character of the music produced by the group. In addition to their music, the Beatles social
trend that popularized long hair, Indian music, and mod dress.

For a variety of reasons, the musicians began to drift apart, and their last concert took place in San Francisco in 1966. The
newspaper and tabloids publicized their quarrels and lawsuits, and the much idolized group finally disbanded in 1970.
However, their albums had outsold those of any other band in history. Although all of the Beatles continued to perform solo
or form new rock groups alone, none could achieve the recognition and success that they had been to win together.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The history and music of the Beatles.

B. The history and milestones of rock music.

 C. The fashion and music popular in the 1960s.

D. The creation and history of a music group.

2. According to the passage, how many members were in the band formed in 1956?

A. Four B. Five C. Six D. Seven

3. According to the passage, which of the Beatles had the greatest musical talents?

A. John Lennon and Paul McCartney

B. George Harrison and John Lennon

C. Stuart Sutcliffe and Pete Best

D. John Lennon, Paul Mcartney and George Harrison.

4. The author of the passage implies that the Beatles ...

A. Competed with American Musicians.

B. Wrote their music as a group

C. Became popular relatively quickly

D. Were active in social movements

5. According to the passage, the Beatles‟ fame grew as a result of

A. Chuck Berry‟s involvement

 B. Their American tour

C. Two movies made in the US

D. Their first two hits

6. The author of the passage implies that over time, the music and lyrics by the Beatles

A. Became more complex than at the beginning of their career

B. Declined in quality and political significance

C. Were dedicated to women named Eleanor nd Michelle

D. Made them the richest musicians in the world.

7. The word „acquired‟ is closest in meaning to

A. Imparted B. attached C. imprinted D. attained

8. According to the passage, when did the Beatles experience their greatest success?

A. In the late 1950s C. After hir beak-up in 1970

B. During the early and mid- 1960s D. throughout their lifetime

9. The word “scenario” is closest in meaning to

10. According to the passage, how did Lennon and McCccartney enhance the music of the group?

A. They struggled to reach the stardom of the United State.

 B. They composed lyrics to scornful songs and ballads

C. Their music added distinctiveness to the Beatles repertoire

D. Their loneliness and sadness made their music popular.

Exercise 4.

Read the text and do the following tasks.

THE LITTLE ICE AGE

A This book will provide a detailed examination of the Little Ice Age and other climatic shifts, but, before I
embark on that, let me provide a historical context. We tend to think of climate - as opposed to weather - as
something unchanging, yet humanity has been at the mercy of climate change for its entire existence, with at
least eight glacial episodes in the past 730,000 years. Our ancestors adapted to the universal but irregular
global warming since the end of the last great Ice Age, around 10,000 years ago, with dazzling opportunism.
They developed strategies for surviving harsh drought cycles, decades of heavy rainfall or unaccustomed
cold; adopted agriculture and stock-raising, which revolutionised human life; and founded the world's first
pre-industrial civilisations in Egypt, Mesopotamia and the Americas. But the price of sudden climate change,
in famine, disease and suffering, was often high.

B The Little Ice Age lasted from roughly 1300 until the middle of the nineteenth century. Only two centuries
ago, Europe experienced a cycle of bitterly cold winters; mountain glaciers in the Swiss Alps were the
lowest in recorded memory, and pack ice surrounded Iceland for much of the year. The climatic events of the
Little Ice Age

did more than help shape the modern world. They are the deeply important context for the current unprecedented
global warming. The Little Ice Age was far from a deep freeze, however; rather an irregular seesaw of rapid climatic
shifts, few lasting more than a quarter-century, driven by complex and still little understood interactions between the
atmosphere and the ocean. The seesaw brought cycles of intensely cold winters and easterly winds, then switched
abruptly to years of heavy spring and early summer rains, mild winters, and frequent Atlantic storms, or to periods of
droughts, light northeasterly winds, and summer heat waves.

C Reconstructing the climate changes of the past is extremely difficult, because systematic weather
 observations began only a few centuries ago, in Europe and North America. Records from India and tropical
Africa are even more recent. For the time before records began, we have only 'proxy records' reconstructed
largely from tree rings and ice cores, supplemented by a few incomplete written accounts. We now have
hundreds of tree-ring records from throughout the northern hemisphere, and many from south of the equator,
too, amplified with a growing body of temperature data from ice cores drilled in Antarctica, Greenland, the
Peruvian Andes, and other locations. We are close to a knowledge of annual summer and winter temperature
variations over much of the northern hemisphere going back 600 years.

D This book is a narrative history of climatic shifts during the past ten centuries, and some of the ways in
which people in Europe adapted to them. Part One describes the Medieval Warm Period, roughly 900 to
1200. During these three centuries, Norse voyagers from Northern Europe explored northern seas, settled
Greenland, and visited North America. It was not a time of uniform warmth, for then, as always since the
Great Ice Age, there were constant shifts in rainfall and temperature. Mean European temperatures were
about the same as today, perhaps slightly cooler.

E It is known that the Little Ice Age cooling began in Greenland and the Arctic in about 1200. As the Arctic
ice pack spread southward, Norse voyages to the west were rerouted into the open Atlantic, then ended
altogether. Storminess increased in the North Atlantic and North Sea. Colder, much wetter weather
descended on Europe between 1315 and 1319, when thousands perished in a continent-wide famine. By
1400, the weather had become decidedly more unpredictable and stormier, with sudden shifts and lower
temperatures that culminated in the cold decades of the late sixteenth century. Fish were a vital commodity
in growing towns and cities, where food supplies were a constant concern. Dried cod and herring were
already the staples of the European fish trade, but changes in water temperatures forced fishing fleets to
work further offshore. The Basques, Dutch, and English developed the first offshore fishing boats adapted to
a colder and stormier Atlantic. A gradual agricultural revolution in northern Europe stemmed from concerns
over food supplies at a time of rising populations. The revolution involved intensive commercial farming and
the growing of animal fodder on land not previously used for crops. The increased productivity from
farmland made some countries self-sufficient in grain and livestock and offered effective protection against
famine.

F Global temperatures began to rise slowly after 1850, with the beginning of the Modern Warm Period. There
was a vast migration from Europe by land-hungry farmers and others, to which the famine caused by the
Irish potato blight contributed, to North America, Australia, New Zealand, and southern Africa. Millions of
hectares of forest and woodland fell before the newcomers' axes between 1850 and 1890, as intensive
European farming methods expanded across the world. The unprecedented land clearance released vast
quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, triggering for the first time humanly caused global
warming. Temperatures climbed more rapidly in
the twentieth century as the use of fossil fuels proliferated and greenhouse gas levels continued to soar. The rise has
been even steeper since the early 1980s. The Little Ice Age has given way to a new climatic regime, marked by
prolonged and steady warming. At the same time, extreme weather events like Category 5 hurricanes are becoming
more frequent.

Questions 1 to 5: Read the passage carefully and choose the best heading for each paragraph from A to
F.

List of Headings

i. Predicting climatic changes

ii. The relevance of the Little Ice Age today

iii. How cities contribute to climate change

iv. Human impact on the climate

v. How past climatic conditions can be determined

vi. A growing need for weather records

vii. A study covering a thousand years

viii. People have always responded to climate change

ix. Enough food at last

Example A
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Questions 6 - 10

Complete the summary using the list of words, A—I, below.

Write the correct letter, A—I, in boxes 6-10 in the space give

Weather during the Little Ice Age

Documentation of past weather condition is limited: our main sources of knowledge of conditions in the distant past are 6.

______ and 7. ______ . We can deduce that the Little Ice Age was a time of 8. ______, rather than of consistent freezing.

Within it there were some periods of very cold winters, others of 9. ______ and heavy rain, and yet others that saw 10.

______ with no rain at all.

A. climatic shifts B. ice cores C. tree rings

D. glaciers E. interactions F. weather observations

G. heat waves H. storms I. written accounts