MACHINE DESIGN

PART 1
 ELEMENT 1
1080 steel (0.80 wt% carbon is annealed at very
low cooling from 1000degC (1832degF) to
ambient temperature, its microstructure will
consist of:

A. Pearlite
B. Bainite
C. Cementite
D. Martensite
 I ron/Carbon Alloy Phase Diagra O
Temperature (F› Temperature (C)
3000 L = Liquid
2802 = Austenite
2800 cr = Ferrite
Z72O 1539
6 = Delta Iron
1492
Z8O0
CM = Cementite
SZ52
14D0

2200

Z066
2000
1130

16TO
1B00 910

1400 760
133S I £z 1333 F
723
1200
Pearlite and Cementite
0.025 Pearlite
and
Ferrite
Am
210
0.0O8°A

50°4 0.8 % 4% 5°A 6% 6.5%

Hypo-Eutectoid
ST EL CAST IRON
Carbon Content Present (by weight)
 ELEMENT 2

Which of the following is not a method of non-

destructive testing of steel casting and forging?

A. Chemical analysis
B. Magnetic particle
C. Ultrasonic
D. Liquid penetrant
 ELEMENT 3

Compressive strength of fully cured concrete

most directly related to:

A. Sand and gravel ratio

B. Fineness modulus
C. Aggregate gradation
D. Water cement ratio
 ELEMENT 4

All of the following plastics are thermoplastics

except:

A. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

B. Polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene
C. Tetrafluoroethylene (Teflon)
D. Phenolics, Melamine and Epoxy
 Thermoplastic

Thermnplastics Thermosetting
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bakelite
Polypropylene (PP) Epoxy i esins
Polyvinyl Acetate (PVA) Melaml ne
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) reiins
Polystyrene (PS) Polye.«teri
Low density polyethelene (LDPE) Polyurethane
Hip•h density polyethylene (HDPE) Urea — Formaldehyde
Alkyd resins
 ELEMENT 5
A gear with teeth on the outer cylindrical
surface:

A. Worm gear
B. External gear
C. Internal gear
D. Bevel gear
 Types nf Gears

Spur Gear Helical Gear Double Helical Gear

(Herringbone Gear)

Spiral Bevel Gear Miter Gear Straight Bevel Gear

Internal Gear Worm Gear Rack and Pinion

 ELEMENT 6
A circle coinciding with a tangent to the bottom
of tooth space

A. Pitch circle
B. Pitch circle
C. Internal diagram
D. Root circle
 Space Tooth
Addendum id#h profile
Addendum circle
Dedendun
Pitch circle
Circular tooth Sheare r›
thickness circle
TOp Circular pitch
land Clearance W orking
Face Ocdcndunl depth
Chordal tooth circle
Flank* thickness Whole
Root depth
BoEtom (tooth)
land fillet

Line of centers
 ELEMENT 7
Cutting a hole by means of a rotating tool or the
work may revolve and the tool remain fixed as
in the lathe.

A. Boring
B. Milling
C. Brazing
D. Bevel gear
 Orllllng, 9oring Peamlng
Drill bit Boring bar Reamer

Drilling for making Boring for enlarge Reamingfor finishing holes

cylindrical hole Drilling hole Or slightly remove
Material from the hole
 ELEMENT 8
Fusion process in which the metal is heated to a
state of fusion permitting to flow together into
a solid joint

A. Soldering
B. Resistance Welding
C. Oxyacetylene
D. Brazing
 Soldering and Brazing
•SoIdering and Brazing are
joining processes where parts
are joined without melting the
base metals.

•Soldering filler metals melt

below 450 °C.

•Brazing filler metals melt

above 450 °C.
(De)soldering a contact from a wire

•SoIdering is commonly used for electrical connection or

mechanical joints, but brazing is only used for mechanical
joints due to the high temperatures in›’olrcd
 ELEMENT 9

The process of checking or producing checkers

on the surface of a piece by rolling checkered
depressions into the surface

A. indexing
B. knurling
C. squaring
D. Laying out
 ELEMENT 10

The clearance between the tooth profile of gear

tooth

A. backlash
B. Gear rack
C. addendum
D. dedendum
Operating pitch,circIes

Backlash
(transverse operation)
 ELEMENT 11
When meshed with a gear, it is used to change
rotary motion to reciprocating motion

A. Bevel gear
B. Worm gear
C. Super Gear
D. Gear rack
 ELEMENT 12
The distance from the center of one tooth of the
next consecutive tooth measured on the pitch

A. Pitch circle
B. Circular pitch
C. Diametral pitch
D. Pitch diameter
LU OF ACTiON
 ELEMENT 13
An operation of making a cone shaped
enlargement of the end of a hole, as for a recess
for a flathead screw

A. knurling
B. Counter sinking
C. Indexing
D. Boring
 DRłtAlBłO REAhgłNO

BORIN€Z

COuNTEzs&INKINO
*two
 ELEMENT 14
Tool when pressed into finished hole in a piece
of work, provide centers on which the piece
may be turned or otherwise machined:

A. spindle
B. jaws
C. clock
D. mandrel
 MANDRELS
• MANDRELS IS USED TO HELD THE HOLLOW/DRILLED W/P.

Work p iece M a n drel

 ELEMENT 15

The total deformation measured in the direction

of the line of stress:

A. tolerance
B. variation
C. Poisson’s ratio
D. strain
 ELEMENT 16

The process of producing a variety of surfaces by

using a circular type cutter with multiple teeth

A. planning
B. milling
C. shaping
D. brazing
 ELEMENT 17
Alloy steel known its resistance to corrosion,
abrasion and wear that is usually ideal for mill
grinding with moybdenum to increase the depth
hardening

A. Man steel
B. Cr-Mo steel
C. Cr-Ni steel
D. Mn-Mo steel
 REVIEW: MECHANICS

FRICTION
Ff   N

KINEMATICS
vf  v
a 0
t
s  1 at 2  v0t  s0
2
v 2
v 2

s f
2a 0  s0
FREE-
vf  v0
FALL g
g  9.81 m/s2 t
g  32.2 ft/s2 s  1 gt 2  v0t  s0
2 2
v v 2
s f 0 s
0
2g

PROJECTILE MOTION
y  1 gt 2  sint  y0
2
 v0
2
v 2
 v sin
y
f 0 x  v0 cost
2g
 s0
CIRCULAR MOTION
f  0

t
  1t 2   0
2
0 t
f 2   2
 0 
0
2

2
F  mac  mv 2

ac  v ; r v  2RN
r
DYNAMICS

Kinetic Energy (translational)

KET  mv 2

2
Kinetic Energy (rotational) I 2
KER 
2
Potential Energy: PE  mgh

Conservation of Energy:
mghi 2 2
mvi Ii  mghf  mvf

2 
2
2
2
 DYNAMICS
2
If
 2
DYNAMICS

Momentum (linear) p  mv

Momentum (angular)
j  I
Impulse: I  Fdt  mv
Conservation of
Momentum:
mAv A  m v  m v ' m v '
B B A B B
A
Object Moment of Inertia, I

2 2
I mr
5

1 2
I mr
2

2
I  1 mL
12

1 2
I mL
3

2
I  mr
 PROBLE
A car travels with an initial velocity of 10 m/s or
36 km/hr. If it is decelerating at the rate of 3
m/s2, how far, in meters does it travel before
stopping?
A. 17 C. 19
B. 21 D. 15
 PROBLE
A block weighing 56 Ibs rest on horizontal
surface. The force needed to move along the
surface is 20 Ibs. Determine the coefficient
of friction.
A. 0.0 C. 0.36
B. 0.112 D.028
 PROBLE
A baseball is thrown straight upward with a
velocity of 20 m/s. Compute for the time elapse
for the baseball to return. Assume for a zero
drag.
A. 1.84
B. 2.50
C. 2.21
D. 2.04
 PROBLE
A 114 km/s speed is projected vertically how
long will it take to go back to its initial position.

A. 6.45 hrs
B. 7.23 hrs
C. 1.23 hrs
D. 8.45 hrs
 PROBLE
An occupant moves toward the center of a
merry go around at 6 m/s If the merry go around
rotates at 6 rpm. Compute the acceleration
component of the occupant normal to the
radius.
A. 6.79 m/s2
B. 7.54 m/s2
C. 8.29 m/s2
D. 3.77 m/s2
 PROBLE
A wheel accelerates from rest with a = 5
rad/sec/sec. Compute how many revolutions are
made in 4 seconds.
A. 5.71 rev
B. 7.00rev
C. 6.36 rev
D. 20.00 rev
 PROBLE
What minimum distance (in m) can a truck slide
on a horizontal asphalt road if it is traveling at
25 m/s. The coefficient of sliding friction
between asphalt and rubber is at 0.6 The
weight of the truck is 8500 kg.

A. 44.9 C. 53.2
B. 58.5 D. 63.8
 PROBLE
Compute the speed a satellite to orbit the earth
at an elevation of 100 km. The earth’s radius
is at 6400 km. Assume no change of gravity
with the elevation
A. 6320 m/s
B. 8740 m/s
C. 7120 m/s
D. 7920 m/s
 PROBLE
A shot is projected 40° from the horizontal at
the rate of 30 m/s will reached the maximum
height of:
A 20.34 m
B. 32.34 m
C. 18.95 m
D. 45.34 m
 PROBLE
The capsule orbits the earth 180 km above the
surface. In what velocity in m/s necessary for
a circular orbit consider the earth radius at
6400 km and at 92 m/s2?
A. 8864
B. 7780
C. 7016
D. 8058
 PROBLE
A drop hammer of 1 ton dead weight capacity is
propelled downward by a 12 in diameter
cylinder. At 100 psi air pressure, what is the
impact velocity if the stroke is 28 inches?
A. 63.2 fps
B. 15.8 fps
C. 31.6 fps
D. 47.4 fps
 PROBLE
A flywheel rotates at 120 rpm or 12.57 rad/sec
slowed down to 102 rpm or 10.68 rad/sec during
the punching operation that requires 3/4 second of
the punching portion of the cycle. Compute the
angular acceleration of the flywheel in rad/sec2.
A. -2.52 rad/sec2
B. 3.15 rad/sec2
C. -2 75 rad/sec2
D. 2.22 rad/sec2
 PROBLE
An object is projected upward at the rate of 45
m/s at 30° from the horizontal. Find the
maximum range of projectile.
A. 178.77 m
B. 189.34 m
C. 165.34 m
D. 109.34m
 PROBLE
A capsule orbit the earth at the rate of 6000
m/s. If the radius of earth is 3000 km, find the
height of capsule from the surface of the earth

A. 435.66 m C. 543.23 m
B. 669.72 m D. 785.45 m
 PROBLE
A car traveling at 40 m/s in a radius of 1000 m
will have a banking angle of:
A. 7.34° C. 9.26°
B. 183.4° D. 12.3°
 ELEMENT 18

Killed steel is very much associated with

A. Manganese
B. Sulphur
C. Phosphorus
D. Silicon
 ELEMENT 19

Killed steel is very much associated with

A. Manganese
B. Sulphur
C. Phosphorus
D. Silicon
 ELEMENT 20

Which of the following does cold working cause?

A. Elongation of grains in the flow direction, an

increase in dislocation density, and an overall
increase in energy of the metal
B. Elongation of grains in the flow direction, a
decrease in dislocation density, and an overall
decrease in energy of the material
C. Elongation of grains in the flow direction, a
decrease in dislocation density, and an overall
increase in in energy of the material
D. Elongation of grains in the flow direction, a
increase in dislocation density, and an overall
decrease in energy of the material
DIFFERENCE
HOT WORKING
• AbDve recrystallizatiDn
rystallizatiDn temperature.
- Formation of new crystals.
• Surface finish is not gDod.
• No residual stresses.
- Less force is required.
COLD WORKING
• Below rec
temperatur e.
• ND fOfI+IatiOn Of CryStalS.
• Surface finish is good.
•” FormatiDn of Residual
stresses
• More force is required.
 Strength uctility

Hardness

Col -worked
and recovered New¡grains
, III :"

Recovery ReCystal— i Grain

lization growth

Temperature
 ELEMENT 21

Which of the following correctly describes atoms

located at grain boundaries

A. They are subjected to the same type of

inter- atomic forces that are present in the
interior atoms of the crystals
B. They are located primarily in highly strained and
distorted positions
C. They have higher free energy than atoms in
the undisturbed part of the crystallattice.
D. All of them are correct
 ELEMENT 22

Which of the following statements is false?

A. Hot working causes much strain hardening

of the metal
B. Hot working increases the density of
the metal
C. One of the primary goals of hot working is
to produce fine grained material
D. In hot working, no noticeable changes in
mechanical properties occur
 ELEMENT 23

Which of the following statements describe the glass

transition temperature?
I. It is the temperature at which the rate of volume
contraction increases aburptly
II. It is the temperature at which residual
stresses in the glass can be relieved.
III. It is the point where the material behaves
more like a solid than a viscous liquid.

A. I only C. I and II
B. II and III D. I and II
 ELEMENT 24

Which of the following is not a structural class of

steel?

a. Carbon
b. High strength, low alloy
c. Tool & die
d. stainless
 ELEMENT 25

Low carbon steels are generally used in the “as

rolled” or “as fabricated” state. What is the
reason for this?

A. They come in many different shapes and

thickness
B. Their strength generally cannot be
increased by heat treatment
C. They degrade severely under heat treatment
D. Their chromium content is low
 Steels = Fe + C where (C » 2.14’fé)

Nona5oy steels Int

|Plain Carbon) Steels
Cr-Ma
Several types
Medium Carbon Medium Alloy Cr-Mo-VSi,
“•*’ Low Carbon
0.39C » C « —* 5bs§AE<lO'
C < 0.34
High Carbon
o.s« « c « Ni (Mara8ing)
High Alloy SAE Z 10%
Cr-N i {Stainless steel CrzlZs6J

Mn (Hadfieid) )

Mljd g•t d; Non boy and kev carton sieal wh G mom 0. 16 to 0. ›. whch is use in 85# of all steal a pl Ions in
tha
 ELEMENT 26

Which of the following statements is false?

A. High strength low alloys steels are not as

strong as non-alloy low carbon steels
B. Small amounts of copper increase the
tensile strength of steels
C. Additions of small amounts of silicon to steel
can cause a marked decrease in yield strength of
the steel
D. Small amount of phosphorous can
provide increase in yield strength of steel.
 ELEMENT 27

Which of the following statements is false?

A. Stainless steels contain large amount

of chromium
B. There are only three types of stainless steel:
martensitic, austenitic and ferritic
C. The non magnetic stainless steels contain
large amount of nickel
D. Stabilization of the face centers cubic
crystal structure of stainless steel imparts a
non magnetic characteristic of the allow
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 ELEMENT 28
Which of the following would likely require a
steel containing 0.6%carbon that has been
spheroidized, cold drawn, and slightly tempered?

A. a bridge beam
B. A water pipe
C. A cutting tool
B.A ball bearing
 REVIEW: MACHINE
Milling:
speed of milling: v  DN
cutting time: t L/v
t L
 teeth  N  feed rate

Hacksaw:
cutting time: tL/v

t L
N  stroke / rev   feed / stroke
 REVIEW: MACHINE
Welding: welding time: tL/v
gas consumption: V  Va )L
(Vo
Va  acetylene volume/length of seam
Vo  oxygen volume/length of seam

ave cuting rate: vave  9 "/ min

 PROBLE
Determine the time in seconds, to saw a
rectangular magnesium bar 5 in wide and 2ı in
thick if the length of cut is 5 in. The power
hacksaw does 120 strokes/min and theı
feed/stroke is 0.127 mm.
A 189 C. 99
B.500 D.20
 PROBLE
In an Oxy-Acetylene manual welding method. to
weld a 3 1/2 ft long seam in a 0.375” thick steel
plate at a consumption rate of 9 ft3/ft for
oxygen and 7 ft3/ft for acetylene. Compute for
the total combined gas consumption in ft3
A 48 C. 56
B 24.5 D. 31.50
 PROBLE
Compute for the drill penetration in in/min
when a drill turns at 1200 rpm and the feed of
0.005 in/rev. Material is steel.

A.1.8 C. 12
B.3.6 D. 6
 PROBLE
Compute the manual cutting time in minutes, of
a steel plate 4 ft by 8 ft by 2.5 cm thick with a
hand cutting speed of 3.8 to 4 mm/sec, cutting
lengthwise.
A. 10 C. 0.38
B. 1.81 D. 8.16
 PROBLE
Compute the cutting speed in fpm of a
workpiece with 2 inches diameter and running
at 100 rpm.
A. 52 C. 25
B.62 D. 26
 PROBLE
Determine the average time to cut by automatic
oxygen-acetylene (machine)ı crosswise a 4 ft x8
ft x 4 in thick steel plate.
A. 6.85 min C. 10 min
B. 318 sec D. 360 sec
 PROBLE
How long will it take to mill a 3/4" by 2" long
keyway in a 3" diameter shafting with a 24-tooth
cutter turning at 100 rpm and 0.005"
feed/toothı
A. 0.136 min C. 0.196 min
B. 0.166 min D. 0.106 min
 PROBLE
How long Will it take to saw a rectangular piece
of aluminum plate 8 in wide and 1 ½ in. thick if
the length of the cut is 8 in, the power hacksaw
makes 120 rev/min andı average feed per stroke
is 0.0060 in?
A.13.11 C.11.11
B 14.01 D. 12.03
 PROBLE
It takes min to mill a ¾” x 4”keyway of a hub by
1

means of a cutter having 30 teeth at 120 rpm.

Find the equivalent feed per tooth, in/tooth
A. 0.00222 C. 0.00333
B. 0.00444 D. 0.00111
 PROBLE
A 10ft X 20 ft plate is to be divided into 8 pieces
5 ft x 5 ft steel plate by means of an
oxyacetylene cutter that has a cutting rate of 10
in per minute. How long will it takes to do the
Job?
A. 50 min C. 60 min
B. 70 min D. 80 min
 ELEMENT
Which of the following statement is false?

A. Low alloy steels are a minor group and are rarely

used.
B. Low alloy steels are used in the eat
treated condition
C. Low alloy steels contains small amount of
nickel and chromium
D. The addition of small amounts of molybdenum
to low-alloy steels makes it possible to harden
and strengthen thick pieces of metal by heat
treatement
MACHINE DESIGN
PART 2
 REVIEW: MACHINE ELEMENTS
A. Cylinders Rolling in Opposite Direction

v1  v2
D1N1  D2N2

center distance D2  D1
c
2

B. Cylinders Rolling in Opposite Direction

v1  v 2
D1N1  D2N2

center distance D2  D1
c
2
 PROBLE
Two parallel shafts connected by pure rolling
turn in the same direction having a speed ratio
of 2.75. What is the distance of the shafts if the
smaller cylinder is 22 cm in diameter?

A. 16.67 cm C. 30.25 cm
B. 25.25 cm D. 19.25 cm
 PROBLE
A lineshaft runs at 360 rpm. An 18" pulley on
the shaft is belt connected to a 12" pulley on the
countershaft. From a 15" pulley on the
countershaft, motion is transmitted to the
machine. Compute/check the required diameter
of the pulley on the machine to give a spindle
speed of 660 rpm.
A. 16" B. 12 1/4"
C. 10 1/2" D. 81/2"
 PROBLE
5 ft diameter pulley is turning at 200 rpm. Find
the speed of the pulley mid-way of the center
and outer surface of the pulley.

A. 20.45 ft/s C. 24.34 ft/s

B. 30.45 fils D. 26.18 fils
 PROBLE
Two cylinders rolling in opposite direction has a
speed ratio of 3. If the center distance is 40 in.
find the diameter of the smaller cylinder:

A. 20 in
B. 60 in
C. 40 in
D. 80 in
 PROBLE
Three cylinders A:B:C rolling in external contact
has a speed ratio of 4:2:1. If the diameter of
cylinder A is 10 cm, find the center distance
between cylinder A and C.
A. 0cm C.45cm
B. 35cm D. 50 cm
 PROBLE
Four cylinders A:B:C:D has a speed ratio of
6:4:2:1. If center distance between A and C is 30
inches, find the center distance A and D.
A. 68.57 in C. 56.34 in
B. 83.45 in D. 76.34 in
 ELEMENT 30

Under which type of loading does fatigue occur?

A. Static load
B. Plane load
C. High load
D. Repeated load
 ELEMENT 31

A specimen is subject to a load. When the load is

removed, the strain disappears. Form this
information, which of the following can be
deduced about this material?

A. It is elastic
B. It is plastic
C. It has high modulus of elasticity
D. It does not obey Hooke’slaw
 ELEMENT 32

Which of the following metal is nonmagentic?

A. Cast iron
B. Alloy steel
C. Stainless steel
D. Manganese steel
 ELEMENT 33

Which of the following is not used to temper

steel?

A. Brine or salt bath

B. Oil bath
C. Water bath
D. Steam bath
Que-nching

r”‘t
1* Țempering
2nd Tempering

Time [s]
 ELEMENT 34

Which of the following is not a type of power

hacksaw?

A. Power hacksaw
B. Crosscut hacksaw
C. Horixontal power saw
D. bandsaw
 ELEMENT 35

Which of the following is not a strength property

of a metal

A. Tensile strength
B. Rocking strength
C. Torsional strength
D. Fatigue strength
 ELEMENT 36

Which of the following is metals melts slowly

and becomes dull red before melting?

A. Mn steel
B. Stainless steel
C. Cast iron
D. Wrought iron
 ELEMENT 37

Which area of the machine shop is where metal

is being melted to form them into new shape

A. Welding area
B. Mass production area
C. Tools and die area
D. Foundry area
 ELEMENT 38

Which area of the machine shop is where metal

is being melted to form them into new shape

A. Welding area
B. Mass production area
C. Tools and die area
D. Foundry area
 ELEMENT 39

One important skill that operators of machine

tools must have is an understanding
measurement which demands…

A. Precision
B. Speed
C. Neatness
D. sociability
 ELEMENT 40

A machine used in shaping metal by means of

abrasive wheel or the removal of metals with an
abrasive is called

A. Planer machine
B. Power saw
C. shaper
D. grinder
 ELEMENT 41

The ability of a metal to withstand loads wtihout

breaking down is

A. stress
B. strain
C. strength
D. elasticity
 ELEMENT 42

The ability of a material to resist being crushed

A. Torsional strength
B. Compressive strength
C. Bending strength
D. Fatigue strength
 ELEMENT 43

The ability of a metal to withstand forces thus

allowing member to twist is…

A. Torsional strength
B. Compressive strength
C. Bending strength
D. Fatigue strength
 ELEMENT 44

Which if the following is not a part of a lathe

machine

A. headstock
B. tailstock
C. carriage
D. fan
 Spindle ChLJCk
und
Cross slide
HeBdstock Tailstock
Hand wheel

GCi RWay5

Bed

Lead screw

Feed rod

Leg

Chig pan Saddle

carriage
 ELEMENT 45
The machine which can flatten surface surface
on a horizontal, vertical or angular plane is:

A. Sharper machine
B. Drilling machine
C. Power saw
D. spindle
 REVIEW: SHAFT
1. Shaft -is a rotating member that is used to SHAFT POWER
transmit power.
2.ı Axle -a stationary member carrying
rotating wheels, pulleys. SI: P  2TN
3. Machine shaft -shaft which is an integral
part of the machine.
4. Line shaft -transmission shaft driven by
Eng: P  2TN
33,000
prime mover.
5. Counter shaft -transmission shaft
intermediate between the line shaft and the
driven machine. Torque: T  FR
6. Spindles -is a short axles and shafts.
7. Transmission shaft -is a shaft used to
transmit power between the source and the
machines absorbing the power, and include
countershafts, line shafts, head shafts, and all
factory shafting.
Stress in shafts subject to Torsion only:

TR
S J 16T
 D3

T
S 
16D0T
J 
 D0 4  Di 4 
Stress in shafts subject to Torsion and Bending:

Shearing :  max 
16
3M  
M2T2
max D  
3
Normal : 16 M 2  T 2
  D
 PROBLE
Compute for thetwisting moment in in-lb
developed when the shaft delivers 20 hp at 1200
rpm.

A. 1166 C. 1050
B. 915 D. 945
 PROBLE
Find the torsional deflection, in degrees, of a
solid steel shaft, 110 mm OD x 1.4 m long
6
subject to 3.1 x 10 N-mm torque. The torsional
modulus of elasticity is 80,000 N/mm-mm.
A. 0.221 C. 0.28
B. 0.195 D 0.21
 PROBLE
A 3 in diameter short shaft carrying pulleys close
to the bearings transmit how much horsepower
if the shaft makes 280 rpm?
A. 991 hp C. 199 hp
B. 919hp D. 260hp
 PROBLE
A hollow shaft has an inner diameter of 0.035 m
and an outer diameter of 0.06 m. Compute the
torque jf the shear stress is not to exceed 120
Mpa

A. 4,400 N-m C. 4,500 N-m

B. 4,300 N-m D. 4,200 N-m
 PROBLE
A small countershaft is 1 1/2 inch in diameter
and has an allowable stress of 8500 psi. Find the
horsepower delivered by the shaft at a speed of
15.7 rad/s.
A. 7.2 C. 13.31
B. 1.4 D. 14.72
 PROBLE
A 2-in solid shaft is driven by a 36-in, gear and
transmits power at 120 rpm. If allowable
shearing stress is 12 ksi, what horsepower can
be transmitted?
A. 29.89 C. 35.89
B. 38.89 D. 34.89
 PROBLE
A steel shalt transmits 50 Hp at 1400 rpm. If
allowable stress is 500 psi, find the shalt
diameter
A. 3.58 in C. 1.65 in
B. 2.84 in D. 2.54 in
 PROBLE
A machine shaft is supported on bearings 1 m
apart is to transmit 190 KW at 300 rpm while
subjected to bending load of 500 kg at the
center. If maximum shearing stress is 40 Mpa.
determine the shaft diameter
A. 100 mm C. 94 mm
B. 90mm D. 98mm
 PROBLE
A round steel shaft rotates at 200 rpm and is
subjected to a torque of 225 N-m and a bending
moment of 340 N-m The allowable shearing
stress is 40 MN/m2 the allowable tensile is 53.3
MN/m2. Find the diameter
A. 23.45 mm C. 28.56 mm
B. 34.45 mm D. 41.49 mm
 PROBLE
A 1-1/2 inches Monel shaft is used in a torsional
application. Based on operating speed of
100 rpm and safety factor of 12. How much
horsepower can it transmit? Assume the
shearing stress is 3/4 of the ultimate tensile
stress which is 100.000 psi
A. 6.57 hp C. 2.34 hp
B. 3.45 hp D. 5.23 hp
 ELEMENT 46

Which of the following is not a part of the

headstock

A. spindle
B. Back gear
C. motor
D. anvil
 ELEMENT 47

Ferrous metals contains large amounts of:

A. Carbon
B. Mn
C. sulfur
D. phosphorous
 ELEMENT 48

Which of the following is not a classification of

an ore?

A. Hematite
B. Magnetite
C. Sulfurite
D. siderite
 ELEMENT 49

Which of the following is not the work of a

machinist?
A. Grinding
B. honing
C. reboring
D. overhauling
 ELEMENT 50

Which of the following is not a kind of mandrel?

A. Expansion mandrel
B. taper
C. contraction
D. Gang mandrel
 REVIEW: KEYS

Key -a machine
member employed at
the interface of a pair
of mating male and
female circular cross-
sectional members to
prevent relative
angular motion wD/4
between these mating L  1.2D
members
Power of Key: SI: P  2TN

Eng: P  2TN
33,000
Torque: T  Fr

Compressive stress c  F
(h / 2) L

Shearing stress F
  wL
 PROBLE
A keyed sprocket deliver a torque of 778.8 N-m
thru the shaft of 54 mm OD. The key thickness is
1.5875 cm and the width is 1.11 vm. Compute
the length of the same key. The permissible
stress value of 60 Mpa for shear and 90 Mpa for
tension.
A 39.12 cm C. 52.22 cm
B. 4.82cm D. 4.32cm
 PROBLE
A metric M4 x 15 square key is used with a 16
mm shaft. If the allowable shearing stress is 50
Mpa. How much torque can the assembly
handle? The rotational speed of the shaft is 600
rpm.
A. 20 N-m C. 24 N-m
B. 12 N-m D. 34 N-m
 PROBLE
A flat key is to be designed for 75 mm diameter
shaft which will transmit 150 kW at 400 rpm. If
allowable shearing stress is 200 Mpa and key
width is 15 mm, determine the length of key.
A. 30.65 mm C. 33.75 mm
B. 31.83 mm D. 32.85 mm
 PROBLE
A 100 KN force is acting on a key that has a
length of 4 times its height. If bearing stress of
key is 400 Mpa, determine the height of key.
A. 10.54 mm C. 12.65 mm
B. 11.18mm D.15.25 mm
 PROBLE

The sleeve or muff coupling is designed as a

A. dun cylinder
B. thick cylinder
C. solid shaft
D. hollow shaft
 PROBLE
When bevel gears connect two shafts whose axes
intersect at an angle greater than a right angle and
one of the bevel gears has a pitch angle of 90°, then
they are known as

A. angular bevel gears

B. crown bevel gears
C. internal bevel gears
D. mitre gears
 PROBLE
The number of slots in a 25 mm castle nut is

A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8
 PROBLE
The application of third type levers is found in

A. handle of a hand pump

B. hand wheel of a punching press
C. lever of a loaded safety valve
D. a pair of tongs
 Force Force
Force Food
Load
load
Fulcrum

Claw homme•r

Nu f-c o c kei
 PROBLE

In second type of levers,

A. load is in between the fulcrum and effort

B. effort is in between the fulcrum and load
C. fulcrum is in between the load and effort
D. none of these
 PROBLE
Soderberg relation is based on of
the material whereas all other failure relation
for dynamic loading are based on ultimate
strength of the material.
A. elastic strength
B. yield strength
C. shear strength
D. ultimate strength
 Failure
points Yield line

‘» °” Gerber line
mplitud

Goodman line
Stress

Soderberg line

Syl
Mean stress—=-
 REVIEW: COUPLING
Coupling -is a mechanical
device which is used to
connect length of shafts
permanently.

FT  T / R
Fb  FT / n
n  no.of bolts
 F
Shearing:    b
d2
4
Fb
Normal: 
td
 PROBLE
A flanged bolt coupling has ten (10) steel 25.4
mm diameter bolts evenly tighten around a 415
mm bolt circle. Determine the torque capacity
of the connection if the allowable shearing
stress in the bolt is 50 MN/m2.
A. 5995 KNm C. 46.15 KN.m
B. 52.6 KN.m D. 43.8 KN.m
 PROBLE
A flange bolt coupling consist of eight 20 mm
diameter steel bolts space evenly around a bolt
circle 300 mm in diameter. If the coupling is
subjected to a torque of 15.1 KN-m, determine
the maximum shearing stress in the bolts?
A. 40Mpa C. 70Mpa
B. 38 Mpa D. 29 Mpa
 PROBLE
A flange coupling having 180 mm bolt circle and
19 mm thick uses 8 bolts, 16 mm diameter to
connect two shafts. It is use to transmit 60 KW
at 180 rpm. Determine the factor of safety in
bearing if yield point in compression is 448 Mpa
16
A. 15.6 C. 30.8
B. 185 D. 25.4
 PROBLE
A 75 mm diameter shaft is transmitting 300 KW
ill 600 rpm A solid coupling has 6 bolts each 18
mm In diameter. Find the required bolt circle
diameter if shearing stress in bolts is 27.5 Mpa.

A. 227.40 mm C. 254.50 mm
B. 233.60 mm D. 272.60 mm
 PROBLE

In a flange coupling, the flanges are coupled

together by means of

A. bolts and nuts

B. studs
C. headless taper bolts
D. none of these
 PROBLE
A locking device in which the bottom cylindrical
portion is recessed to receive the tip of the
locking set screw, is called

A. castle nut
B. jam nut
C. ring nut
D. sawn nut
 PROBLE
The velocity of sliding the distance
of the point of contact from the pitch point.

A. is directly proportional to
B. is inversely proportional to
C. is equal to cos φ multiplied by
D. does not depend upon
 PROBLE
The ball bearings are provided with a cage

A. to reduce friction
B. to facilitate slipping of balls
C. to prevent the lubricant from flowing out
D. to maintain the balls at a fixed
distance apart
 PROBLEM
The pipe joint mostly used for pipes carrying
water at low pressures is

A. socket joint
B. nipple joint
C. union joint
D. spigot and socket joint
 PROBLEM
Which of the following statement is correct for
gears?

A. The addendum is less than dedendum

B. The pitch circle diameter is equal to the product
of module and number of teeth
C. The pitch circle is always greater than the base
circle
D. all of the above
 REVIEW: PRESSURE
Thin-walled Cylindrical:

Pd
 max 
2Se
Thin-walled Spherical:

Pd
 
max
4Se
 Thick-walled PVs: t/d >
Thick-walled Cylindrical: Lame’s eq.

d 
t max Pi
2   1
 max P 
 PROBLE
Find the thickness of a metal needed in the
semi-spherical end of cylindrical vessel 0.70
meter in diameter subjected to an internal
pressure of 2.7 N/mm2 .The material is mild
carbon steel and tensile stress is 69 N/mm2.
A. 5.2 mm C. 7.53 mm
B. 6.02 mm D. 6.84 mm
 PROBLE
A cylindrical tank with 10 inches inside diameter
contains oxygen gas at 2500 psi. Calculate the
required wall thickness in millimeter under
stress of 28000 psi.

A. 10.54 C. 10.24
B. 11.34 D. 12.44
 PROBLE
Determine the bursting pressure of spherical
steel with diameter of 10 inches and make of
1/4 in thick plate. The joint efficiency is at 70%
and the tensile strength is 60 ksi.
A. 4,020 psi C. 2,400 psi
B. 4,002 pSI D. 4,200 psi
 PROBLE
Determine the safe wall thickness of a 30 inches
cylindrical steel with internal pressure of 7.82
Mpa. The yeild stress of material is at 275.48
Mpa. The factor of safety to use is 2.0.

A. 3/4 in C. 21.6 mm
B. 23.4 cm D. 5/8 in
 PROBLE
A cylindrical tank with 10" inside diameter
contains oxygen gas at 2500 psi.ˇ Calculate the
required wall thickness in (mm) under stress of
28,000 psi.
A. 11.44 mm C. 11.34 mm
B. 10.6 mm D. 10.3 mm
 PROBLE
A water tank 10m x 12 m is completely filled
with water. Determine the minimum thickness
of the plate if stress is limited to 50 Mpa.
A. 11.77 mm C. 13.55 mm
B. 12.66 mm D. 12.44 mm
 PROBLE
A 600 mm diameter spherical steel pressure
vessel has a uniform 8 mm wall thickness and an
internal gage pressure of 10 Mpa. If the ultimate
stress of steel is 420 Mpa, determine the factor
of safety with respect to tensile of failure.
A. 2.30 C. 2.69
B. 1.89 D. 1.48
 PROBLE
The cylinder of a hydraulic press is made up of
thick walled cylinder having an inside diameter
of 300 mm. It is subjected to an internal
pressure of 40 Mpa. Determine the thickness of
the cylinder without exceeding a shearing stress
of 80 Mpa.
A. 62.13 mm C. 48.92 mm
B. 58.61 mm D. 72.40 mm
 PROBLE
A cylindrical tank has an inside diameter of 5 in
and is subjected to an internal pressure of 500
psi. If maximum stress is 1200 psi, determine
the required thickness.
A. 1.0 in C. 1.4 in
B. 1.2 in D. 1.6 in
 PROBLE
A thick wall cylinder has 50 mm thick and
internal die-meter of 300 mm. If stress is limited
to 30 Mpa, determine the maximum internal
pressure
A. 8.1 Mpa C. 8.3 Mpa
B. 8.2 Mpa D. 8.4 Mpa
 REVIEW: BOLTS AND POWER SCREW
Bolts and Screws -threaded
fasteners which are used to
hold together machine
members which require
easy dismantling.
Pitch(p) -is the axial
distance between adjacent
threads.
Stress Area:
2
Lead -the axial distance a  d  d 
thread advances in one m i
As 
revolution. 4  2 
 'puaq a enbs
"N! u d e a;ea‹3 1t!^ á|@* I! • SI\/ 'S*i^BH*tS I/
P ^ ^• ( tIr-'9 !*i* puno‹ ‹aqso 7o ad! d ol ala uado ue se zo suraop a!›
se u1 oslej sJloq aplnoiJS 6u!q»eue oJ adeqs çl u! s log ‹cg pasn abe sJloq padejs f

“peaiqi auIq›eiu 'u!•J» •° °'* * ^!g*ette 'sa¡og papea‹qt q3uazv ua¡¡y xaq
Common forms of threads:
 BOLTS
• Permissible working stress (Vallance):
0.418
Sw  C(As ) Initial Torque: T  0.2F D
i a
1.418
Fa  C(As )
where: C = 5000 for carbon steel
C = 15,000 for alloy steel

• Design Tensile Stress (Faires)

Sy (As )0.5
Sw  Initial Torque: Ti  CFaD
6
Sy (As )1.5
Fa 
6 Note : A in in2
where: C = 0.2 for 'as received' F in lbf
C = 0.15 for 'lubricated' S in
 BOLTS
• Working strength (Machineries Handbook):

Fa  S(0.55D2  0.25D)
 POWER SCREW
Pitch: 1 in
p  no. of threads per inch

Lead:
L  p for single thread
L  2p for double thread
L  3p for triple thread
Velocity:
v  L  rpm

L
Lead Angle: tan x 
D
 POWER SCREW
Torque Applied to turn :
-Square thread: WD  tan x  
T  
2 1 tan x
 
-ACME thread: WD cos14.5 tan x  
T  
2  cos14.5 tan x 

cWDc
Torque for Collar: Tc 
2

Total Torque required: TT   Tc

T
 Efficiency of Power
eff
Power Output
 Power Input

For square thread:

eff 
tan x(1 tan x)
 D
tan x   c c (1 tan x)
Dm

For ACME thread:

eff  tan x(cos14.5 tan x)
c Dm
tan x cos14.5  cos x 
Dc
 
Efficiency
(cos14.5  tan x)
of Power
 PROBLE
Compute the working strength of 1 in bolt is
screwed up tightly in packaged joint when the
allowable stress is 13,000 psi.

A. 3,600 lbs C. 3,800 lbs

B. 3,700 lbs D. 3,900 lbs
 PROBLE
What is the working strength of a 2 inches bolt
which is screwed up tightly in a packed joint
when the allowable working stress is 12,000 psi.
A. 20.4 klb C. 23.4 klb
B. 22.4 klb D. 18 klb
 PROBLE
An eyebolt is lifting a block weighing 350 Ibs.
The eyebolt is of SAE C 1040 material with
ultimate stress = 67 ksi and yield stress= 55 ksi,
what is the stress area ( In inches square) of the
bolt if it is under the unified coarse series
thread?ı
A. 0.1341 C. 0.0991
B. 0.1134 D. 0.1043
 PROBLE
If the pitch of a screw is 2/9 find the thread per
inch.
A. 3,600 lbs C. 3,800 lbs
B. 3,700 lbs D. 3,900 lbs
 PROBLE
Find the horsepower lost when a collar is loaded
with 1000 Ib rotates at 25 rpm, and has a
coefficient of friction 0.15. The outside diameter
of the collar is 4 in and the inside diameter is 2
in.
A. 0.045 hp C. 0.089 hp
B. 0.89 hp D. 0.56 hp
 PROBLE
Determine the permissible working stress of a
UNC bolts that has a stress area of 0.606 in2
if material used is carbon steel.
A. 4055.5 psi C. 4675.5 psi
B. 5244.5 psi D. 4186.5 psi
 PROBLE
The stress area of NC bolt is 0.763 in2, if material
used is carbon steel, determine the applied load
on the bolt.
A. 3407.14 lbs C. 4675.5 lbs
B. 5244.5 lbs D. 4186.5 lbs
 PROBLE
A 12 cm x 16 cm air compressor has 5 bolts on
cylinder head with yield stress of 440 Mpa. If the
bolt stress area is 0.13 in2, determine the
maximum pressure inside the cylinder.
A. 546.71 psi C 742.78 psi
B. 671.96 psi D. 840.60 psi
 PROBLE
The total torque required to turn the power
screw is 50 N-m. If linear speed of screw is 8
ft/min and lead of 8 mm, determine the Hp
input of the power screw.
A. 2.82Hp C. 2.14Hp
B. 2.54 Hp D. 2.38 Hp
 PROBLE
A single square thread power screw has a lead
of 6 mm and mean diameter of 34 mm If it is
used to lift a load of 26 KN and coefficient of
friction of thread is 0.15, determine the torque
required to turn the screw.
A. 91.9 N-m C. 72.6 N-m
B. 65.8 N-m D. 86.5 N-m
 PROBLE
An ACME thread power screw that has a mean
diameter of 25 mm and pitch of 5 mm IS used to
lift a load of 500 kg. If friction on threads is 0.1,
determine the torque needed to turn the screw.
A. 10.30 N-m C. 13.10 N-m
B. 12.63 N-m D. 14.10 N-m
 PROBLE
A square thread power screw has a pitch
diameter of 1.5" and a lead of 1". Neglecting
collar friction, determine the coefficient of
friction for threads if screw efficiency is 63.62%
A. 0.113 C. 0.146
B. 0.121 D. 0.151
 PROBLE
A double square thread power screw has a
mean radius 01 80 mm and a pitch 01 10 mm is
use to lift a load of 80 KN. If friction of screw is
0.13 and collar torque is 20% of input torque,
determine the Input torque required.
A. 830.76 N-m C. 1246.30 N-m
B. 835.76 N-m D. 1365.30 N-m
 REVIEW:

KE 
mrim 2
v2)
(v
2 1
2
mrim 2
Fc  v
r
2(v2  v1)
coeff. of fluctuation =
v 2  v1
 PROBLE
A flywheel for a punching press must be capable of furnishing
3400 N-m of energy in the 25% revolution while tile hole is
being punched. The flywheel maximum speed is 200 rpm and
the speed decreases by 8.7%,during the load stroke. The
mean radius of the rim is 1016 mm and contributes 90% of
total energy requirements Approximate total weight of the
flywheel to be 1.20 times that of the rim:

A. 97.5kg
B. 65.2kg
C. 103.34 kg
D. 234.5kg
 PROBLE
During a punching process of 350 kg flywheel
the speed vanes from 200 rpm to 180 rpm with
1 m mean diameter Determine the kinetic
energy released by the flywheel:
A. 3.64 KJ C. 4.51 KJ
B. 6.28 KJ D. 5.62 KJ
 PROBLE
A 900 mm mean diameter flywheel has a width
of 350 mm, 75 mm thick and density of 7100
kg/m3. Neglect he weight of arm and hub, find
the energy released when speed changes from
280 rpm to 250 rpm
A. 7.89KJ C. 5.48KJ
B. 9.30KJ D. 6.71KJ
 PROBLE
A flywheel weighing 1000 kg has a radius of
gyration of 1.5 m The normal operating speed is
160 rpm and coefficient of fluctuation is 0.08,
determine the energy released by the flywheel
A. 31.70 KJ C. 41.70 KJ
B. 36.70 KJ D. 46.70 KJ
 REVIEW:
Uses of spring: Spring index: c  Dm / d
1. To absorb energy or shock loads, as In Dm  Do  d
automobile shock absorbers
2. To maintain contact between
0.615
machine members as In valves and Stress factor: K  4c  1
clutches  c
3. To act as a source of energy as in clocks 4c  4
4. To serve as measuring device, as in 8KFDm
spring scales Stress: S 
d 3
3
8Fc n
deflection: y 
Gd
Impact load on a spring:

W (h  y )  1 ky 2
2
k  spring constant (N/m or lbf/ft)
 PROBLE
A body weighing 1000 Ibs falls from a height of 6
in and strikes a 2000 lb/m spring The
deformation of the spring is
A. 2” C. 3”
B. 4” D. 5”
 PROBLE
Compute the deflectlon of an 18 coils helical
spring having a load of 100 kg The modulus of
elasticity in shear of spring is 96.62 Gpa. OD of
9.256 cm and with wire diameter of 9.525 mm.
The spring is squared and ground ends
A. 9 cm C. 11cm
B. 101 cm D. 14cm
 PROBLE
Compute the maximum deflection of a 20 coils
helical spring having a load of 75 kgs. The spring
is a square/ground ends with modulus of
elasticity in shear of 79.84 Gpa. outside
diameter of 101.6 mm and wire diameter of
9.525 mm
A 140.7 mm C. 15.7 mm
B 112.7 mm D. 126 7 rum
 PROBLE
Determine the maximum shearing stress of a
helical spring composed of 20 turns of 20 m
diameter wire on a mean radius of 80 mm when
the spring id supporting a load of 2 KN.

A. 108.20 Mpa C. 120.60 Mpa

B 98.62 Mpa D. 88.68 Mpa
 PROBLE
A helical spring is made by wrapping steel wire
20 mm diameter around a forming cylinder 150
mm in diameter. Compute the elongation of the
spring without exceeding a shearing stress of
140 Mpa if It is composed of 18 turns. Let G =
83,000 Mpa
A. 96.42 mm C . 121.36 mm
B. 100.6 mm D. 89.62 mm
REVIEW:
• Spur
speed-diameter: d1N1  d2N2
speed-teeth: T1N1  T2N2

2c
Circular pitch: pc 
T 
T1 2

d2 
Opposite di.: c  Diametral pitch: P  25.4  T
d1
2
M D
D = pitch diameter
Same di.: c  d2  M = modulus
d1
2
• Spur
Power: P  2TN
total load: Fn  Ft 2  F
 rF2t 
Pressure :  arccos
 
 Fn 
• Helical
P
normal P: Pn 
cos
normal : tann  tantan
axial load P:  tan
Ft
Fa
3
virtual no.of teeth: Nv  N / cos 
pitch velocity: v  dN
Sw fY
Strength of H-gear: Ft 
P
 PROBLE
Compute the tooth thickness of 14 1/2 spur gear
with diametral pitch of 5.

A. 0.34116 in C. 041416 in
B.0.31146 in D. 0.31461 in
 PROBLE
A 36 tooth pinion with a turning speed at 300
rpm drives 120 tooth gear of 14 1/2 degrees
involute full depth pressure angle. What would
be the speed of the driven gear.

A. 1000 rpm C. 90 rpm

B. B 100 rpm D.140rpm
 PROBLE
Find the tooth thickness on the tooth circle of a
20 degree full depth involute tooth having a
diametral pitch of 3, circular pitch of 1.0472 and
whole depth of tooth at 0.60.
A. 10.7 mm C. 101 mm
B. 13.2 mm D. 7.9 mm
 PROBLE
A pair of gear/pinion of 42 tooth and 18 tooth
with a diametral pitch of 0.7879 teeth/cm and
the addendum is 0.80/p and the addendum 1/p.
The gear pressure angle is 20° Compute the
center distance of the pair of gears in meters.
A.0.5026m C.0.3516m
B. 0.3426 m D. 0.4013
m
 PROBLE
A helical gear having a 14 1/2° normal pressure
angle and transverse diametral pitch of 2.3622
per cm. The helix angle is at 45' and has 8 teeth.
Compute the transverse pressure angle in
degrees.
A. 22.2° C. 19.3°
B. 1890 D. 20.1°
 PROBLE
Compute the pitch angle of a bevel gear given
the pinion's number of teeth of 14 and 42 teeth
on the gear.
A. 18.40
0
C. 28.4
B. 33.40
0
D. 38.4
 PROBLE
Compute the circular pitch of a pair of gears having
a speed ratio of 4 and a center distance of 10.23
Each gear has 72 teeth and pinion has 18 teeth.

A. 0.7854 in
B. 0.3532 in
C. 0.8935 in
D. 0.3343 in
 PROBLE
Find the distance between centers of a pair of
gears, one of which has 12 teeth and the other
37 teeth The diametral pitch is 7,
A. 3.0 in C. 4.0 in
B. 3.5 in D. 4.5 in
 PROBLE
Two gears meshing each other has a center
distance of 200 mm. The pinion has 20 teeth
and gear has 60 teeth. Find the module of
meshing gears.
A.2 C.3
B.4 D.5
 PROBLE
A gear is use to transmit 20 kw at 600 rpm to a
driven gear. The pinion has a pitch diameter of
200 mm. If pressure angle is 14.5 degrees,
find the load that tends to separate the two
gears.
A. 0.234 KN C. 0.763 KN
B. 0.534 KN D. 0.823 KN
 PROBLE
The pressure angle of the 12 in diameter gear is
20 degrees. The total load of the gear is 5 KN
and is turning at 750 rpm. Find the power
delivered by the gear.
A. 43.23 KN C. 56.23 KN
B. 64.23 KN D. 34.23 KN
 PROBLE
A gear is use to transmit 12 kw at 450 rpm with
26 teeth. If the diametral pitch of the gear is 10,
find the force tangent to the gear.
A. 12.34KN C. 15.42KN
B. 14.24 KN D. 16.45 KN