TRANSFORMATIONS

A Transformation is a way of changing the size or position of

ashape.
If two figures are congruent, it means that they have the same
shape and the same size.
If two figures are similar, it means that they have the same shape,
but different in sizes.
Plane Shapes may be Reflected, Rotated or Translated

TRANSLATION
When a shape is translated, it is moved from one position to
another. A Translation moves a shape up, down or from side to
side, but it does not change its appearance in any other way.
Every point in the shape is translated the same distance in the
same direction.
When describing a translation, column vectors or Translation

Vectors are used. The vectors are given in the form , where x is
the movement horizontally and y is the movement vertically.
Where X is positive, it means that the movement is to the right,
where it is negative, it means a movement to the left.
Where Y is positive, it means a movement upwards and where it is
negative, it means a movement downwards.

This can be represented using a formula:

Object + Translation Vector (T) = Image
If you are given the Image and the Object and you want to find the
Translation Vector
Image - Object = Translation Vector
If you are given the Image and the Translation Vector, and you want
to find the Object
Image – Translation Vector = Object

DEFG – object & D1E1F1G1 is the image

D = (1, 2), E (3,2) F (3,5), G (1,5)
D1= (-2,-4) E1 (0,4), F1 (0,-1), G1 (-2,-1)

Image – Object (-2, -4) – (1,2) = -3, -6……. DEFG has been
translated using the vector (-3)
-6
this means that the shape moves 3 units to the left and 6 units
downwards.
Enlargement
When a shape is enlarged, the size of the shape is changed. The
image produced from an enlargement has the same shape as the
original, but a different size.
The dimension by which a shape enlarges is called the Scale
Factor.
To enlarge a shape, a centre of enlargement is required. When a
shape is enlarged from a centre of enlargement, the distances from
the centre to each point are multiplied by the scale factor.
Two pieces of information are needed to enlarge a shape
 Scale factor
 Centre of Enlargement
To describe an Enlargement, Shape “XYZ” has been enlarged by
a scale factor of ………. about centre of enlargement O (give
coordinates).
Please note that Scale Factors can increase or decrease the size of a
shape.
 If the scale factor is a number greater than 1 – the image is on
the same side of the centre of enlargement as the object, but
further away.
 If the scale factor is a fraction, the image is smaller than the
object, and is on the same side of the centre of enlargement,
but closer.
 If the scale factor is a negative – the image is inverted (upside
down) and it is on the opposite side of the centre of
enlargement.

REFLECTION
A Shape can be reflected across a line of reflection to create an
image.
The line of reflection is also called the mirror line.
When a shape is reflected, every point in the image, is the same
distance from the mirror line as the original shape.
The line joining a point on the original shape to the same point on
the image is perpendicular to the mirror line.

To describe a reflection on a grid, the equation of the mirror

line is needed
 If they give you the equation of the mirror line, you draw
the line on the graph. The corresponding image will be the
same distance from the mirror line, as the original object.

If they give you the Image and the Object, you must then find
the Mirror Line and once you have found the Mirror, you will
then have to determine the equation of the said line.
To describe a Reflection – “Shape XYZ” is reflected in the line
[state the equation of the line]
ROTATION