Alexandria University ‫جامعة اإلسكندرية‬

Faculty of Engineering ‫كلية الهندسة‬

Electrical Engineering Department ‫قسم الهندسة الكهربية‬
Electric Machines and Power Systems Program
June, 2020 2020 ‫يونيو‬
Course title, Code: Electrical and Electronics ‫ر‬
EEP(‫ القياسات الكهربية واإللكتونية‬:‫اسم المقرر والرقم الكودى‬
Take Home Exam
Measurements (EEP 112) Part 1 )112
‫اوىل كهرباء‬: ‫السنة الدراسية‬

Question 1
a. What are the reasons of the instrumental errors? How can you avoid/reduce these errors?
b. Discuss how to eliminate the errors due to parallax effects.
c. A capacitor of 90±10% pF, an inductor of 90±10% µH and a resistor of 900±10% Ω are connected in series. The
1
resonant frequency is given by 𝑓𝑟 = .
2𝜋√𝐿𝐶
i. Find the resonant frequency at 0% error in L and C.
ii. Calculate the percentage relative limiting errors in 𝑓𝑟 at the given errors in L and C.

Question 2

a. Briefly explain the production of the deflecting torque in repulsion type moving iron measuring instrument.
b. How to minimize the errors due to temperature in PMMC ammeter?
c. What is the function of the damping torque in the analogue type measuring instruments? State what type of
damping is used in Electro-dynamometer (EDM) type.
d. Explain the role(s) of the spring in PMMC.

Page 1 of 4
Final Exam: Electrical and Electronics Measurements Circuits (EEP 112)
 e. The coil of PMMC voltmeter has the dimension of 4cm by 3cm and 90 turns. The control spring exerts a torque
16×10-5 Nm when the deflection is on full scale. If the flux density of the magnetic field in the air gap is 0.4Wb/m2,
estimate:
i. the full-scale deflection current.
ii. if the coil resistance is 5 Ω, find the shunt resistance to extend the meter range to 15 A.

f. Design an Ayrton shunt ammeter with different current ranges of 100 mA, 1 A and 5A. A basic meter with an
internal resistance of 40 Ω and a full-scale deflection current of 1 mA is to be used.

g. A basic d’Arsonval meter movement has internal resistance R=500Ω and a voltage sensitivity of 2000 Ω/V. The
meter is required to be converted to potential divider arrangement voltmeter with the ranges of 0-10 V, 0-100 V and
0-200 V, find the required multiplier for each range.

Question 3

a. Explain why the friction error in moving iron instrument is quite small.
b. Discuss how the frequency error is compensated in moving iron voltmeter, draw the circuit, and write the design
equation(s).

c. A moving iron ammeter, the coil has a resistance of 0.8Ω and an inductance L= (5+7θ- θ2) µH, where θ is the
deflection in radian from zero position. The spring torque of the meter is 2.1×10-5 Nm.
i. Estimate the deflection for a full-scale current of 100 mA.
ii. What are the resistance and inductance of the shunt required to extend the range to 10 A?

Page 2 of 4
Final Exam: Electrical and Electronics Measurements Circuits (EEP 112)
 d. A 0-400 V moving iron voltmeter has inductance 0.8H of and resistance of 800 Ω. It reads correctly when
connected to ac supply 50 Hz and draws full scale deflection current of 200 mA.
i. Find the meter current when it is connected to 300 V, 50 Hz.
ii. What is the percentage error in reading when the voltmeter connected to 300 V dc?

Question 4

a. Explain why in electro-dynamometer (EDM), the current in pressure coil cannot be increased more than 100 mA.
b. Why the power consumption in EDM is higher than power consumption in PMMC?
c. Discuss the causes of errors in wattmeter reading and how can you minimize or eliminate these errors.

d. A load of power factor of 0.86 lag takes 10 A when connected to 200 V, 50 Hz supply. The power of the load is
measured by a wattmeter with the following parameters:
Current coil resistance: 0.13Ω
Pressure coil resistance and inductance: 7200 Ω and 0.7 H

i. Which connection (A or B) you may use for measuring the power of the load? Justify your answer?
ii. Find the error in watt due to the pressure coil inductance.

Page 3 of 4
Final Exam: Electrical and Electronics Measurements Circuits (EEP 112)
 e. For three phase system shown in the figure, find:
i. the reading of wattmeter1, W1.
ii. the reading of wattmeter2, W2.
iii. Is the sum of the two wattmeter readings equal
the total active power of the three-phase delta
connected load? Justify your answer.

All The Best.

Dr Thanaa Sharaf Eldin

Page 4 of 4
Final Exam: Electrical and Electronics Measurements Circuits (EEP 112)
Alexandria University ‫جامعة اإلسكندرية‬
Faculty of Engineering ‫كلية الهندسة‬
Electrical Engineering Department ‫قسم الهندسة الكهربية‬
June 2020 2020 ‫يونيو‬
1a

Electric and Electronic Measurements ‫القياسات الكهربية وااللكترونية‬

1st Year ‫المستوى األول‬

Note: Answer the questions in the same order.

PART (A) – Electronic Measuring Instruments:

Examiner: Prof. Dr. Mazhar B. Tayel

1. Draw the concept block diagram of a Smart Measuring System (SMS).

2. Mention FIVE features characterizing the SMS.
▪ Rectifier type instruments (RTI) suffer from two main problems, namely: diode
reverse current effect and forward current non-linearity.
3. Draw the e-circuit of an isolated rectifier type instrument that is free from the
mentioned above problems.
▪ DC voltmeter (VM) has sensitivity of 200 KΩ/V and full-scale deflection voltage
of One volt. If this VM is connected to the output of the mentioned above RTI,
Compute:
4. The DC voltmeter internal resistance
5. Its ac sensitivity, and
6. The maximum input rms value to be measured by this ac voltmeter.
7. Explain how to extend the range of this ac voltmeter to read TEN times its
rated value.
8. Amplifier VMs have some characterizing features. Mention THREE of their
features.
9. Draw an e-circuit of a linear Ohm Meter (LOM)
▪ Consider a LOM that has the following constants: voltage divider bias resistance
𝑅1 = 10 KΩ, 𝑅2 = 2 KΩ, circuit bias 𝑉𝐶𝐶 = 18 V, and device 𝛽 = 150 with
max rated 𝐼𝐶 = 10 𝑚𝐴.
Compute: (Note: Make any assumptions you need)
10. The emitter bias resistance RE, and
11. The minimum allowable resistance to be measured.
 12. Explain what is meant by:
a) Transducer,
b) Sensor,
c) Actuator,
d) Passive transducer and
e) Active transducer.
13. Draw a circuit of a Thermoelectric power meter.
14. Explain how to:
a) Compensate for environment errors, and
b) Adjust and calibrate this power meter.
▪ Nowadays digital instruments are widely used in the majority of applications.
15. Explain what is meant by Time Base Selector (TBS) and
16. Explain how the selected TB determines the frequency value that is to be
measured.
17. Draw the block diagram of a certain digital frequency meter Mode.
18. For this selected mode, write the relation between the clocking frequency, the
time base and counted pulses.
PART (B) – Comparison (Null) Measurement Methods:

Examiner: Dr. Mohamed A. El-Shimy

Question 1:

A slide wire potentiometer, shown in the figure, has a battery of 3 V and negligible
internal resistance. The resistance of slide wire is 100 Ω and its length 200 cm. A
standard cell of 1.434 V is used for standardizing the potentiometer. At calibration,
the rheostat is adjusted so that balance is obtained when the sliding contact is at
143.4 cm. A cell of unknown EMF and an internal resistance 180 Ω is to be
measured using the potentiometer.
a. Find the working current of the slide wire.
b. Find the adjusted resistance value of the rheostat.
c. Find the measurement range of the potentiometer.
d. Find the unknown EMF of the cell if is balanced at 150 cm.
e. When the unknow EMF is to be measured using an analog voltmeter of an internal
resistance 10 kΩ, find the voltmeter reading and calculate the perecentage error.
f. Show how can use the given potentiometer to measure the cell internal resistance.
Question 2:

An AC bridge, shown in the figure, is supplied with a sinusoidal voltage (𝐸 ) having a

frequency (𝑓 ). The bridge is made up of 4 arms consists of a fixed resistance 𝑅1, a
variable non-inductive resistance 𝑅3 , and a series circuit of 𝑅, 𝐿, and 𝐶.
In terms of circuit components:
a. Drive the balance equations.
b. Determine the losses resistance (𝑅 ) and the frequency (𝑓 ) at which the bridge will
balance.
c. Determine the total current (𝐼 ) supplied by the source at balance.
d. Draw the phasor diagram of the bridge under balance conditions.

________Best Regards______________________________________________