Sara National High School

Alibayog, Sara, Iloilo

Science Department

Lesson Plan in Grade 8 – Science

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standard
The learners demonstrate the understanding of:
Newton’s Three Laws of Motion and uniform circular motion
B. Performance Standard
Develop a written plan and implement a “Newton’s Olympics”.
C. Learning Competency with Code
Investigate the relationship between the amount of force applied and the mass of an object to the
amount of change in the object’s motion (S8FE-Ia-15)
II. CONTENT
FORCES AND MOTION

III. LEARNING RESOURCES

Learner's Materials pages: pp.3-6
Teacher’s Guide: pp. 2-6
Other Learning Resources:
Teaching Aids:Powerpoint presentation, LCD Projector, For students activity: Manila paper and pentel pen

IV. LESSON DEVELOPMENT

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

Good Day dear students! Good Day Ma’am!

Let us pray.

How are you today? Always remember that we should We are fine, thank you!
always wear our mask and wash our hands with soap Yes, Ma’am!
and water.

I am your Science Teacher, Julie Rose Pedregosa.

Together, we will explore, discover and enjoy life

through Science 8. Are you excited? So, am I!
Yes, Ma’am.
So, buckle up as we take off to another fun-filled
learning episode. Ready your self-learning modules,
your paper and your pen with you. Let’s have a
wonderful day of learning.
They move.
What did you observe in the videos?

What made those movements possible? By applying force in it.

Great! It’s simply by applying force and that we are

going to discuss today.

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to learn the

relationship between the amount of force applied and
the mass of an object to the amount of change in the
object’s motion.

But before we start with today’s discussion, let’s have a

quick drill to test how far you know about forces.

I will be showing you some images, then you tell me if

there is a force applied.
Let’s start with this image.

Is there a force applied?

If your answer is yes, you deserved a big hand. Force is Yes, Ma’am.
applied when you made dough.

Let’s focus on the next image.

Yes, Ma’am.

Is force present there? Great! The correct answer is

yes.

When you pull an object, you are using a force.

Let’s proceed with the third drill, do you think there is a

force applied?

Yes, Ma’am.

Yes, there is!

Force is applied when you do weaving.

And now for the last image.

What do you think, is there a force?

Probably, some of you would answer no. If that is so, Yes, Ma’am!
you might need to know more about today’s topic. But
the correct answer is yes!

Force is still present even if it is not in motion. Why?

You will find out throughout our discussion.
No
In your previous grade level, you learned about
displacement, velocity, and acceleration.
VOCABULARY:
Displacement- the gap between the initial position and
final position of an object.
Velocity – the speed at which something moves in one
direction.
Acceleration – the time rate of change of the velocity of
an object
Earlier, I’ve shown you videos and we said that in order
to do those activities, we need to apply force.

Let’s take an example of a door which is close.

The door will remain close unless a force acts on it. If

you want to open the door, you have to apply force in
any way you want to. You can push. You can also pull.

What about in playing soccer?

Of course, you must be strong enough to kick the ball

towards your teammate until you reached your goal.

In playing soccer, kicking a ball requires force and you

must good enough to control the force you apply
depending on how fast you want the ball to move. As
we said, velocity is the rate of speed of an object and
that speed depend on the amount of the force applied.
The stronger you kick, the faster the ball moves and
vice versa.

At this point, let us now define force.

Force is generally defined as the push and pull applied

to an object. It is also defined as the influence that
changes the motion of an object.

Most of the motions or movements we open see or do

every day are caused by merely by force.

EXPLORE

For a better understanding, let’s have an experiment. I

have here a table and a toy car. I’m going to put the toy
car on the top of the table.

Guide Questions:

Look closely, do you see any movement?

Obviously, none.
But how can we make the toy car move?

What will happen if I push the toy car to the right?

Now, how do we stop the toy car from moving?

EXPLAIN

Look closely, do you see any movement? None.

Obviously, none.

But how can we make the toy car move? The force applied by pushing or pulling will
make the toy car move.
What will happen if I push the toy car to the right? The toy car will move in the same direction as
the force.

Now, how do we stop the toy car from moving? We have to apply a force which is opposite to
the direction where it is going.
You have observed that the toy car moves once you
push or pull it. This is because of the force applied in
the object. The toy car on the top of the table will not
move unless you apply force to it. If we push the toy
car, it accelerates or moves on the surface of the table
to the same direction of the force you applied.

If we give an additional push to the moving toy car in

the same direction where it is moving, it goes faster.

Meanwhile, if we push the car in the other side instead

opposite to the direction of its motion, the car may slow
and eventually stop.

ELABORATE

In the previous activity, we conclude that the force can

make the toy car, or any objects accelerate or stop. But
the question is, does force always affects the objects to
move?

To answer that, let’s examine this one.

To accurately describe the forces acting on an object, it

is important for you to be familiar first with the following
terms: magnitude, direction, point of application and line
of action.

Magnitude refers to the size or strength of the force.

Take a look at this, if you push a garbage cart through a

strong force, the garbage cart will move fast on the line
of action. Because the amount of force or the
magnitude affects its velocity or movement. Same is
true if you gently push the garbage cart, it will move
slowly. Hence, the greater the magnitude, the faster the
velocity.
The magnitude is commonly expressed in Newton (N)
named after a famous physicist and mathematician Sir
Isaac Newton.

On the other hand, direction refers to the points where

the object goes.
Meanwhile the point of application is the location where
the force is applied.
And lastly, the line of action is the straight line passing
through the point of application and is parallel to the
direction of the force.

Now, we already defined and understood force then

let’s discuss the types of force.

There are two types of force.

1. Contact forces
2. Non-contact Forces

When we say contact forces, these are forces wherein

an object needs a physical contact to another subject.
When we say non-contact forces, these are forces
wherein two objects are not physically in contact with
each other.

Examples of Contact forces are:

1. Applied – refers to the force exerted by a person

or an object towards another person or object

Example: Applied force of a boy pulling a box

Applied force of a boy pushing a car

2. Friction – refers to the force that acts opposite or

against another object. This causes the
movement of an object to slow down
We use FF as the written symbol of Friction force and
the other f is written with the object applying force
written smaller right next to it.
 3. Normal- force that acts perpendicular to an
object
We use FN as written symbol of Normal Force.
Let’s take for example a book on top of the table. In this
illustration, gravity plays a role. Let’s say for example,
the book has a mass of 200 g. The book is being pulled
by the gravity towards the earth. As the book rests on
the surface of the table, the surface is also exerting an
upward force on the book. We call that upward force,
the Normal Force.

4. Tension - is a force applied to a string, rope,

chain, cable and the like.
We use FT as the symbol of Tension Force

If the normal force supports an object as surface resists

compression, the tension force resist force that causes
the objects to stretch.

Let’s take an example when we hang a box using a

rope. The rope applies force to the box which makes it
resist being stretched out. This results to tension.

Examples of Non Contact Forces

1. Magnetic Force – the push or pull exerted by a
magnet.

2. Electrostatic Force – the force that exists

between all charged particles

3. Gravitational Force – the force that attracts

objects towards the Earth’s

The leaves fall from the tree due to gravity. Without

gravitational force, obviously everything will float.
EVALUATE 1. C
Let’s have a short quiz.
Multiple Choice: Select the letter of the best answer 2. B
from among the given choices.
3. A
1. Which of the following pictures does not shows 4. A
presence of applied force?
5. B

A B C

2. Which of the following pictures does not shows

friction force?

A B C

3. Which of the following pictures does not shows

normal force?

A B C

4. Which of the following pictures does not shows

tension force?

A B C

5. Which of the following pictures does not shows

electrostatic force?

A B C

Prepared by: Checked by:

JULIE ROSE P. PEDREGOSA MA. ANELYN A. BANSAGON

Teacher I Master Teacher I

Noted by: Approved by:

GENET B. AZUELO WELLET A. DEL CASTILLO, Ed.D

Head Teacher I Principal IV