Science Activity Sheet Quarter 4 - MELC 1 Weeks 1-2 Gas Laws

IV. Activity Proper

Activity 1: Properties of Gases
Situation 1
Questions:
1. The heavier is the inflated balloon since to inflate the balloon you need to add gas.
2. Gases have mass. The more the gas inside the balloon the heavier it is.

Situation 2
Questions
1. It increases
2. It indicates that gas has mass since the addition of gases in the mixture increases the
mixture's mass.

Situation 3
Question
1. Yes. As soon as the temperature changes, the air's temperature above the water also
changes. After putting ice cubes on the water, the air's temperature above the water drops.
When the water was heated until it boils, the air's temperature above the water also increases.
This means that the water's temperature and air's temperature above it is directly proportional.

Situation 4
Questions
1. It is because of the increase in temperature. As the temperature increases, the molecules of
gas inside the balloon excite means there is an increase in kinetic energy. The increase of
kinetic energy makes the molecules of gas bounce on the side of the balloon thus, increasing
the size of the balloon.
2. It is also because of the increase in temperature. As I have said, as the temperature
increases gas molecules tend to have greater energy. With greater kinetic energy, gas
molecules bounce with each other and onto the side of the balloon thus, changing the size and
shape of the balloons.

Activity 2: Volume-Pressure Relationship in Gases

Questions:
1. I can’t harder press the plunger in
2. No, since minimal force have a very small effect as I push the plunger downward
3. The volume and pressure of the gas are inversely proportional to each other. This means
that as the pressure increases the volume of the gas decreases.

B. Quantitative Treatment of Volume-Pressure Relationship

Table 1.1 Data for Deriving Pressure-Volume Relationship

The Force + Pressure Total PxV Pt x V P/V
volume of weight Pressure
air in the added to
syringe plunger
4.9 0.6 0.34 10.34 1.67 50.67 0.07
4.4 2.6 1.47 11.47 6.47 50.47 0.33
4.0 4.6 2.60 12.60 10.4 50.4 0.65
3.6 6.8 3.84 13.84 13.82 49.82 1.07
3.4 8.8 4.97 14.97 16.90 50.90 1.57

Step 3: Plot the graph

P 4
R
E 3
S
S 2
U
R
E 1

1 2 3 4 5 6

VOLUME
Questions:
1. The volume decreases
2. The pressure increases
3. The graph shows that as the pressure increases the volume of the gas decreases.
4. They are inversely proportional

Activity 3: Boyle’s Law Problem

1. Given:
V1 = 6.0 L
P1 = 1.01 atm
V2 = 3.00 L
P2 = ?
Formula = P1V1 = P2V2

Conversion:
P1V1 = P2V2
V2 V2

P2 = P1V1
V2

Solution:
 Activity 4: Volume-Temperature at Constant Pressure

Table 1.2 Data on Determining the Sizes of the Balloon at Different Temperatures
Set up Temperature Average Circumference of the Balloon
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Hot water hot 25 cm 25 cm 25 cm
Tap water warm 23 cm 23 cm 23 cm
Cold water cold 21 cm 22 cm 21 cm

Questions:
1. The size of the balloon decreases also
2. The higher the temperature the bigger the volume of the gas in the balloon. The lower the
temperature the smaller the volume of the gas in the balloon.

Table 1.3 Data on Volume- Temperature Relationship

Trial Volume Temperature Temperature in K
1 45 25 2 275.15
2 30 57 330.15
3 35 102 375.15
4 40 40 152 425.15

Graph for 35 table 1.3

30

25

V
O 225.15 275 .15 325.15 375.15 425.15
L
Questions
1. The temperature increases
2. The graph shows that as the temperature increases the volume also increases
3. The temperature and volume are directly proportional to each other.

Activity 5 Solving Charles Law Problem

1.

Activity 7
Questions
1. The pressure of the gas increases as the volume decreases. It is because the higher the
pressure, the compact the gas molecules thus, the lesser the volume of the gas. Additionally, if
the volume is lesser this means that gas molecules have small space to move since it is
continually in motion. As a result the higher the pressure.
2. According to the Kinetic Molecular Theory, gas molecules move faster as the temperature
increases. Thus, as the molecules gain kinetic energy, they move faster and bump the walls of
the container causing it to expand. As a result the volume of gas increases.

V. Reflection
1. Gas expands as the temperature increases
- This property of gas help hot air balloon to fly
- It is important to check the pressure of the car tire before heading on a drive. While
driving, the temperature of the air in the tire increases and results in flexing.

2. The lesser the volume the higher the pressure

- it is applied in a hydrothermal press
- used in soda cans
-  When a scuba diver exhales, water bubbles released grow larger as it reaches the surface.
This happens since the pressure exerted by the water decreases with depth, and hence the
volume of the bubbles increases as they approach the surface.
3.  as the number of moles of gas increases the volume also increases
- During the breathing process, the lungs expand to fill the air while inhaling, and during the
exhaling process, the volume of the lungs decreases.
- when inflating tires and balloons

Science Activity Sheet Quarter 4- MELC 2 Week 3-4 Biomolecules

IV. Activity Proper

Activity 1: Let’s Try This!
1. Carbohydrates
2. Carbohydrates
3. Proteins
4. Lipids
5. Lipids
6. Carbohydrates
7. Lipids
8. carbohydrates
9. Protein
10. Nucleic acid
11. 6
12. 8
13. 7
14. 9
15. 10

V. Reflection
1. Too much carbohydrates and fat intake will result in obesity. Since there is too much
energy stored, it will eventually be turned into fats that will cause many health problems.
Such as heart diseases, high blood pressure, diabetes, and many more.
2. The disease that affects children is malnutrition. Due to malnutrition, there is no proper diet
and vitamins that the children's bodies needed. There is not enough carbohydrate, fats, and
sugars that the body needs to function well and fight different diseases.
3. Siblings resemble each other or mother and daughter look alike because of genetics. In
genetics, the traits of the parents were passed down to their offspring which is why their
children resemble their parents as well as their siblings.

Science Activity Sheet Quarter 4 - MELC 3 Week 5 Chemical Reaction

IV. Activity Proper

Activity 1 What’s in a Reaction

Table 1 Reactants and Products

Reaction Reactants Products
2 Magnesium, oxygen gas Magnesium oxide
Mg, 02 MgO
3 Hydrogen peroxide, Water, oxygen gas
manganese dioxide
H2O2 H2O, O2
4 Acetic acid, sodium Sodium acetate, carbon
bicarbonate dioxide, water
CH3COOH, NaHCO3 CH3COONa, CO2, H2O
5 Copper sulphate, sodium Copper (II) hydroxide,
hydroxide sodium sulphate
CuSO4, NaOH Cu(OH)2, Na2SO4

Activity 2 What’s My Symbol

Reaction Chemical Equation

2 Mg + 02 → MgO
3 H2O2 → H2O + O2

4 CH3COOH + NaHCO3 → CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O

5 CuSO4 + NaOH → Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4

Activity 3 We Simply Click Together

1. In the second reaction, there are two reactants and one product.
2. In the third reaction, there is one reactant and two products
3. In the first reaction, the sulphate (SO4) was combined with the iron after the reaction and
the copper was removed from sulphate.
4. In the fourth reaction, there are two reactants and two products. They were compounds
5. The reactants were exchanged into positive and negative ions after the reaction

Activity 4. Types of Chemical Reactions

Reaction Chemical Equation Type of Chemical Reaction

2 Mg + 02 → MgO Combination

3 H2O2 → H2O + O2 Decomposition

4 CH3COOH + NaHCO3 → Double Displacement

CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O

5 CuSO4 + NaOH → Cu(OH)2 + Double displacement

Na2SO4

Activity 4 Balancing Act

Table 4 Balanced Chemical Equations

1. P4 + O2 → P2 + O5 P4 + 5O2 →2 P2 + 2O5
4 -P - 4
10 - O- 10
2. Zn + HCl → ZnCl2 + H2 Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
1 - Zn- 1
2-H-2
2 - Cl- 2
3. Fe + NaBr → FeBr3 + Na Fe + 3NaBr → FeBr3 + 3Na
1- Fe- 1
3 - Na - 3
3 - Br - 3
4. Al + O2 → Al2O3 4 Al + 3O2 → 2Al2O3
4 - Al - 4
 6-O-6
5. NaNO3 → NaNO2 + O2 2NaNO3 → 2NaNO2 + O2
2- Na - 2
2-N-2
6 - O- 6

V. Reflection
There are several chemical reactions we can observe in our home. Some are the following:
1. Rust or Ferric oxide - This reaction occurs when the iron will be exposed to oxygen and
water
2. Photosynthesis - In photosynthesis, the plants convert carbon dioxide and water into
glucose and oxygen.
3. Combustion- when we fire matches or paper combustion happens. It is a chemical reaction
where it combines energetic molecules with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water
4. Metathesis - It is when we combine vinegar and baking soda. The ingredients recombine to
produce carbon dioxide gas and water
5. Soap and detergent reactions- these agents clean dirt or stain by way of a chemical reaction.
Soap emulsifies grime, which means oily stains bind to the soap so they can be washed away
with water.

Science Activity Sheet Quarter 4 - MELC 4 Week 7-8 Factors Affecting

Rates of Chemical Reactions

IV. Activity Proper

Activity 1
1. Illustration B is an example of a successful collision since after the collision there is a
change in the position of molecules.
2. Illustration A is considered an unsuccessful collision since there is no change in the
position of molecules.
3. There should be sufficient energy and the molecules should be in proper orientation that the
proper atoms collide with one another, and the bonds can break and re-from in the necessary
order.
4. Collision Theory states that the reactants must come together or collide with one another.
There are two criteria for a successful collision to happen, that is, reactants should have
sufficient energy, and molecules should be in a proper orientation where molecules can
collide, break, and re-form.

Activity 2 Think and Explain

Factors Affecting the Rate of Chemical Application

Reactions
1. Nature of Reactants The nature of reactants is an important factor
in improving the production of materials.
People combined steel with aluminum to give
an attractive finished surface that is excellent
heat resistant.
2. Surface Area Corrosion can be controlled by oiling your
machines or keeping your equipment dry to
prevent a reaction. Oiling lessens the surface
area and rate of reaction between the metals
and oxygen and hence makes oxidation slow.
3. Temperature Many food industries are based upon
methods of temporary preservation. Low
 temperatures may not kill microorganisms
but can slow their activity. High quantities of
meat, fruits, eggs, and vegetables are stored
cold to preserve and make them available for
a longer period.
4. Concentration A high concentration of reactants increases
the rate of reaction. Some chemicals, called
additives, are added to food not only to
prevent spoilage but to improve its
appearance, flavor, aroma, etc.
5. Catalyst The addition of a catalyst makes the reaction
faster. The use of calcium carbide as a
catalyst to ripen the fruit was widely used but
it was discovered that there are negative
effects of using such chemical.

V. Reflection
I understand different factors that affect the chemical reaction
I don't understand why molecules collide and react
I need more information about the application of different factors that affect chemical
reactions.